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Park J, Lee JH, Yoon BS, Jun EK, Lee G, Kim IY, You S. Additive effect of bFGF and selenium on expansion and paracrine action of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 30409167 PMCID: PMC6225588 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has emerged as a promising cell-free tool for restoring degenerative diseases and treating traumatic injuries. The present study describes the effect of selenium as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and its additive effect with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on in vitro expansion of amniotic fluid (AF)-MSCs and the paracrine actions of AF-MSC-CM as well as the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, we obtained CM from human AF-MSCs cultured with selenium. The stemness of selenium-treated AF-MSCs was evaluated by cell growth and differentiation potential. Human fibroblasts were treated with AF-MSC-CM and analyzed for cell signaling changes. For in vivo wound healing assay, ICR mice with a full-thickness skin wound were used. Results Selenium played a critical role in in vitro expansion of AF-MSCs through activation of the AKT-ERK1/2, Smad2, and Stat3 signaling pathways along with inactivation of GSK3β. When administered together with bFGF, it showed remarkable effect in inhibiting ROS accumulation and preserving their multipotency. Proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and in vivo wound healing were improved in the CMs derived from AF-MSCs exposed to selenium and bFGF, which was caused by the Smad2, AKT-MEK1/2-ERK, and NFκB signaling triggered by the paracrine factors of AF-MSCs, such as TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-6. Our results suggest the following: (a) supplementation of selenium in AF-MSC culture contributes to in vitro expansion and preservation of multipotency, (b) ROS accumulation causes progressive losses in proliferative and differentiation potential, (c) the separate activities of bFGF and selenium in MSCs exert an additive effect when used together, and (d) the additive combination improves the therapeutic effects of AF-MSC-derived CMs on tissue repair and regeneration. Conclusion Antioxidants, such as selenium, should be considered as an essential supplement for eliciting the paracrine effects of MSC-CMs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1058-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Park
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoon
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,StemLab, Venture Incubation Center Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Jun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,StemLab, Venture Incubation Center Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilju Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Gu BH, Madison MC, Corry D, Kheradmand F. Matrix remodeling in chronic lung diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:52-63. [PMID: 29559389 PMCID: PMC6141350 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms synthesize and renew components of their subcellular and scaffolding proteins, collectively known as the extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs). In the lung, ECMs maintain tensile strength, elasticity, and dictate the specialized function of multiple cell lineages. These functions are critical in lung homeostatic processes including cellular migration and proliferation during morphogenesis or in response to repair. Alterations in lung ECMs that expose cells to new cryptic fragments, generated in response to endogenous proteinases or exogenous toxins, are associated with the development of several common respiratory diseases. How lung ECMs provide or relay vital signals to epithelial and mesenchymal cells has shed new light on development and progression of several common chronic respiratory diseases. This review will consider how ECMs regulate lung homeostasis and their reorganization under pathological conditions that can modulate the inflammatory diseases asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Better understanding of changes in the distribution of lung ECM could provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hee Gu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Madison
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Corry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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103
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Fu L, Wang B, Ji YL, Wang H, Xu DX. Chronic cadmium exposure induced hepatic cellular stress and inflammation in aged female mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:498-509. [PMID: 30375035 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that acute cadmium (Cd) exposure led to inflammation in different organs through an oxidative stress mechanism. However, whether chronic Cd exposure induces inflammation in liver and the mechanistic link between inflammation and cell stress remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic Cd exposure on hepatic cellular stress and inflammatory responses. Female CD1 mice were administrated with CdCl2 (10 and 100 mg/L) in drinking water for 57 weeks. Our results showed that the mRNA levels of Inos and the protein content of HO-1, markers of oxidative stress, were markedly increased in Cd-treated mice. In addition, the protein level of GRP78, the chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was significantly increased in Cd-treated mice. The expression of the proteins CHOP and peIF2α, two proteins downstream of ER stress, was also upregulated in the Cd-100 mg/L and Cd-10 mg/L group, respectively. Moreover, there were increased inflammatory cells existing in liver after Cd administration. Besides, there was a significant elevation in the mRNA level of Mip-2, Il-10 and Il-12 in the Cd-100 mg/L group. The mRNA level of Tgf-β was also upregulated in Cd-treated mice. Moreover, we also found that the number of Ki67-positive hepatic cells was increased in the Cd-10 mg/L group. Hence, our results indicated that chronic Cd exposure induced oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammatory responses and proliferation in the liver of aged female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Zhang F, Braun DR, Ananiev GE, Hoffmann FM, Tsai IW, Rajski SR, Bugni TS. Biemamides A-E, Inhibitors of the TGF-β Pathway That Block the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Org Lett 2018; 20:5529-5532. [PMID: 30160121 PMCID: PMC6207949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of a marine natural products library for inhibitors of TGF-β revealed five pyrimidinedione derivatives, biemamides A-E (1-5). The structures were determined by 2D NMR and HRMS experiments; absolute configurations were established by advanced Marfey's analysis and ECD calculations. Biemamides A-E specifically inhibited in vitro TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in NMuMG cells. Additionally, using Caenorhabditis elegans, selected biemmamides were found to influence in vivo developmental processes related to body size regulation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Gene E. Ananiev
- Small Molecule Screening Facility, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - F. Michael Hoffmann
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and UW Carbone Cancer Center Drug Discovery Core, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - I-Wei Tsai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Scott R. Rajski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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105
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Bejerano T, Etzion S, Elyagon S, Etzion Y, Cohen S. Nanoparticle Delivery of miRNA-21 Mimic to Cardiac Macrophages Improves Myocardial Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5885-5891. [PMID: 30141949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-based therapy that targets cardiac macrophages holds great potential for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we explored whether boosting the miRNA-21 transcript level in macrophage-enriched areas of the infarcted heart could switch their phenotype from pro-inflammatory to reparative, thus promoting resolution of inflammation and improving cardiac healing. We employed laser capture microdissection (LCM) to spatially monitor the response to this treatment in the macrophage-enriched zones. MiRNA-21 mimic was delivered to cardiac macrophages post MI by nanoparticles (NPs), spontaneously assembled due to the complexation of hyaluronan-sulfate with the nucleic acid mediated by calcium ion bridges, yielding slightly anionic NPs with a mean diameter of 130 nm. Following intravenous administration, the miRNA-21 NPs were targeted to cardiac macrophages at the infarct zone, elicited their phenotype switch from pro-inflammatory to reparative, promoted angiogenesis, and reduced hypertrophy, fibrosis and cell apoptosis in the remote myocardium. Our work thus presents a new therapeutic strategy to manipulate macrophage phenotype using nanoparticle delivery of miRNA-21 with a potential for use to attenuate post-MI remodeling and heart failure.
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106
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Wu HM, Zhang X, Tang QZ. Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1645-1657. [PMID: 30416379 PMCID: PMC6216032 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses specific markers and origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and the underlying mechanism involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Currently, there are no CFs-specific molecular markers. Most studies use co-labelling with panels of antibodies that can recognize CFs. Origin of fibroblasts is heterogeneous. After fibrotic stimuli, the levels of myocardial pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines are increased. These pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines bind to its receptors and then trigger the activation of signaling pathway and transcriptional factors via Smad-dependent or Smad independent-manners. These fibrosis-related transcriptional factors regulate gene expression that are involved in the fibrosis to amplify the fibrotic response. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and amplification of cardiac fibrosis are of great clinical significance to find drugs that can prevent the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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107
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Loukovitis E, Sfakianakis K, Syrmakesi P, Tsotridou E, Orfanidou M, Bakaloudi DR, Stoila M, Kozei A, Koronis S, Zachariadis Z, Tranos P, Kozeis N, Balidis M, Gatzioufas Z, Fiska A, Anogeianakis G. Genetic Aspects of Keratoconus: A Literature Review Exploring Potential Genetic Contributions and Possible Genetic Relationships with Comorbidities. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 7:263-292. [PMID: 30191404 PMCID: PMC6258591 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keratoconus (KC) is a complex, genetically heterogeneous, multifactorial degenerative disorder that is accompanied by corneal ectasia which usually progresses asymmetrically. With an incidence of approximately 1 per 2000 and 2 cases per 100,000 population presenting annually, KC follows an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of inheritance and is, apparently, associated with genes that interact with environmental, genetic, and/or other factors. This is an important consideration in refractive surgery in the case of familial KC, given the association of KC with other genetic disorders and the imbalance between dizygotic twins. The present review attempts to identify the genetic loci contributing to the different KC clinical presentations and relate them to the common genetically determined comorbidities associated with KC. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and GeneCards databases were screened for KC-related articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2017. Keyword combinations of “keratoconus,” “risk factor(s),” “genetics,” “genes,” “genetic association(s),” and “cornea” were used. In total, 217 articles were retrieved and analyzed, with greater weight placed on the more recent literature. Further bibliographic research based on the 217 articles revealed another 124 relevant articles that were included in this review. Using the reviewed literature, an attempt was made to correlate genes and genetic risk factors with KC characteristics and genetically related comorbidities associated with KC based on genome-wide association studies, family-based linkage analysis, and candidate-gene approaches. Results An association matrix between known KC-related genes and KC symptoms and/or clinical signs together with an association matrix between identified KC genes and genetically related KC comorbidities/syndromes were constructed. Conclusion Twenty-four genes were identified as potential contributors to KC and 49 KC-related comorbidities/syndromes were found. More than 85% of the known KC-related genes are involved in glaucoma, Down syndrome, connective tissue disorders, endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Sfakianakis
- Division of Surgical Anatomy, Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiota Syrmakesi
- AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsotridou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Myrsini Orfanidou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Stoila
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athina Kozei
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,School of Pharmacology, University of Nicosia, Makedonitissis, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Fiska
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Role of Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 in the Pathogenesis of Tissue Fibrosis in Keloid-Derived Keratinocytes. Ann Plast Surg 2018; 79:546-551. [PMID: 29053518 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in fibrotic keloid formation, which is characterized by excessive collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition. Growing evidence suggests that the serine/threonine kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) acts upstream of several major fibrosis signaling pathways; however, the role of HIPK2 in the keloid fibrogenesis remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the roles of HIPK2 in the pathogenesis of keloids. Primary normal skin and keloid keratinocytes were cultured and pretreated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Next, keratinocytes were transfected with scrambled small interfering RNA (siRNA) and anti-HIPK2 siRNA. The TGF-β1-associated HIPK2 alterations were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. The HIPK2 was markedly increased in the keloid-derived keratinocytes compared with normal skin keratinocytes. In addition, HIPK2 induced the expression of EMT markers in normal skin keratinocytes by TGF-β1-SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3). The effect of TGF-β1-related EMT markers and SMAD3 phosphorylation in response to added TGF-β1 was significantly abrogated when the cells were transfected with HIPK2 siRNA. We conclude that HIPK2 is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of keloids, suggesting that HIPK2 might be a novel potential drug target for antikeloid therapy.
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110
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Perrucci GL, Rurali E, Pompilio G. Cardiac fibrosis in regenerative medicine: destroy to rebuild. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2376-S2389. [PMID: 30123577 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The major limitations for cardiac regeneration in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) are the wide loss of cardiomyocytes and the adverse structural alterations of extracellular matrix (ECM). Cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts (MFB) leads to a huge deposition of ECM and to the subsequent loss of ventricular structural integrity. All these molecular events depict the fundamental features at the basis of the post-MI fibrosis and deserve in depth cellular and molecular studies to fill the gap in the clinical practice. Indeed, to date, there are no effective therapeutic approaches to limit the post-MI massive fibrosis development. In this review we describe the involvement of integrins and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)/ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL) proteins in cardiac reparative pro-fibrotic response after MI, proposing some of them as novel potential pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Rurali
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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111
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Liu XY, Hwang E, Park B, Ngo HTT, Xiao YK, Yi TH. Ginsenoside C-Mx Isolated from Notoginseng Stem-leaf Ginsenosides Attenuates Ultraviolet B-mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1040-1048. [PMID: 29779217 DOI: 10.1111/php.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Notoginseng is a traditional herbal medicine widely used for medicinal therapy in Asia, as it contains numerous ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, we submitted Notoginseng stem-leaf (NGL) ginsenosides to an enzyme to create a reaction with the monomer products of ginsenoside C-Mx and then investigated the ability of ginsenoside C-Mx to protect the skin against ultraviolet B-induced injury in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Ginsenoside C-Mx alleviated UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMP-1 and IL-6 expression while accelerating TGF-β and procollagen type I secretion. In addition, ginsenoside C-Mx reversed UVB-induced procollagen type I reduction by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Moreover, ginsenoside C-Mx inhibited activation of AP-1 transcription factor, an inducer of MMPs. Ginsenoside C-Mx displayed an outstanding antioxidant capacity, increasing expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as HO-1 and NQO-1 expression by enhancing the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Interestingly, application of ginsenoside C-Mx treatment (1, 10, 20 μm) significantly diminished UVB-induced suppressed NF-κB expression, decreasing the over-released inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our findings indicated that ginsenoside C-Mx may act as a promising natural cosmetic ingredient for prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bom Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hien T T Ngo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Kun Xiao
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Oh M, Lee J, Kim YJ, Rhee WJ, Park JH. Exosomes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Ameliorate the Aging of Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061715. [PMID: 29890746 PMCID: PMC6032439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and their paracrine factors have emerged as a resource for regenerative medicine. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of paracrine factors secreted from adult stem cells, such as exosomes, on skin aging. However, to date, few reports have demonstrated the use of exosomes derived from human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of skin aging. In this study, we collected exosomes from the conditioned medium of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and investigated the effect on aged human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Cell proliferation and viability were determined by an MTT assay and cell migration capacity was shown by a scratch wound assay and a transwell migration assay. To induce photoaging and natural senescence, HDFs were irradiated by UVB (315 nm) and subcultured for over 30 passages, respectively. The expression level of certain mRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity was assessed as a marker of natural senescence. As a result, we found that exosomes derived from human iPSCs (iPSCs-Exo) stimulated the proliferation and migration of HDFs under normal conditions. Pretreatment with iPSCs-Exo inhibited the damages of HDFs and overexpression of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP-1/3) caused by UVB irradiation. The iPSCs-Exo also increased the expression level of collagen type I in the photo-aged HDFs. In addition, we demonstrated that iPSCs-Exo significantly reduced the expression level of SA-β-Gal and MMP-1/3 and restored the collagen type I expression in senescent HDFs. Taken together, it is anticipated that these results suggest a therapeutic potential of iPSCs-Exo for the treatment of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsik Oh
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea.
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea.
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea.
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea.
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Chien Y, Chou SJ, Chang YL, Leu HB, Yang YP, Tsai PH, Lai YH, Chen KH, Chang WC, Sung SH, Yu WC. Inhibition of Arachidonate 12/15-Lipoxygenase Improves α-Galactosidase Efficacy in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Fabry Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051480. [PMID: 29772700 PMCID: PMC5983630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A high incidence of intervening sequence (IVS)4+919 G>A mutation with later-onset cardiac phenotype have been reported in a majority of Taiwan Fabry cohorts. Some evidence indicated that conventional biomarkers failed to predict the long-term progression and therapeutic outcome; (2) Methods: In this study, we constructed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based platform from Fabry cardiomyopathy (FC) patients carrying IVS4+919 G>A mutation to screen for potential targets that may help the conventional treatment; (3) Results: The FC-patient-derived iPSC-differentiated cardiomyocytes (FC-iPSC-CMs) carried an expected IVS4+919 G>A genetic mutation and recapitulated several FC characteristics, including low α-galactosidase A enzyme activity and cellular hypertrophy. The proteomic analysis revealed that arachidonate 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox12/15) was the most highly upregulated marker in FC-iPSC-CMs, and the metabolites of Alox12/15, 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), were also elevated in the culture media. Late administration of Alox12/15 pharmacological inhibitor LOXBlock-1 combined with α-galactosidase, but not α-galactosidase alone, effectively reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, the secretion of 12(S)- and 15(S)-HETE and the upregulation of fibrotic markers at the late phase of FC; (4) Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that cardiac Alox12/15 and circulating 12(S)-HETE/15(S)-HETE are involved in the pathogenesis of FC with IVS4+919 G>A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Heath Care and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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Galectin-3 in Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040976. [PMID: 29587379 PMCID: PMC5979515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of atrial fibrillation is a complex mechanism, including extensive electrical and structural remodeling of the atria which involves progressive fibrogenesis. Galectin-3 is a biomarker of fibrosis, and, thus, may be involved in atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation patients. We review the role of galectin-3 in AF mechanisms and its potential therapeutic implications.
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115
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Ziaei M, Greene C, Green CR. Wound healing in the eye: Therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:162-176. [PMID: 29355667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain a smooth optical surface the corneal epithelium has to continuously renew itself so as to maintain its function as a barrier to fluctuating external surroundings and various environmental insults. After trauma, the cornea typically re-epithelializes promptly thereby minimizing the risk of infection, opacification or perforation. A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is usually referred to as a non-healing epithelial lesion after approximately two weeks of treatment with standard therapies to no avail. They occur following exposure to toxic agents, mechanical injury, and ocular surface infections and are associated with significant clinical morbidity in patients, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. In the case of deeper corneal injury and corneal pathology the wound healing cascade can also extend to the corneal stroma, the layer below the epithelium. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, pharmaco-therapeutic agents that promote corneal healing remain limited. This article serves as a review of current standard therapies, recently introduced alternative therapies gaining in popularity, and a look into the newest developments into ocular wound healing.
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116
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Daiwile AP, Sivanesan S, Tarale P, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Parmar D, Kannan K. Role of fluoride induced histone trimethylation in development of skeletal fluorosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:159-165. [PMID: 29275289 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to fluoride has been associated with the development of skeletal fluorosis. Limited reports are available on fluoride induced histone modification. However, the role of histone modification in the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis is not investigated. In the present study, we have investigated the role of fluoride induced histone modification on fluorosis development using human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell line. The expression of histone methyltransferases (EHMT1 and EHZ2) and level of global histone trimethylation (H3K9 and H3K27) have been assessed and observed to be increased significantly after fluoride exposure (8 mg/L). EpiTect chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) qPCR Array (Human TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway) was performed to assess the H3K9 trimethylation at promoter regions of pathway-specific genes. H3K9 ChIP PCR array analysis identified hyper H3K9 trimethylation in promoter regions of TGFBR2 and SMAD3. qPCR and STRING analysis was carried out to determine the repressive epigenetic effect of H3K9 trimethylation on expression pattern and functional association of identified genes. Identified genes (TGFBR2 and SMAD3) showed down-regulation which confirms the repressive epigenetic effect of promoter H3K9 hyper trimethylation. Expression of two other vital genes COL1A1 and MMP13 involved in TGFBR2-SMAD signaling pathway was also found to be down-regulated with a decrease in expression of TGFBR2 and SMAD3. STRING analysis revealed functional association and involvement of identified genes TGFBR2, SMAD3, COL1A1 and MMP13 in the collagen and cartilage development/morphogenesis, connective tissue formation, bio-mineral tissue development, endochondral bone formation, bone and skeletal morphogenesis. In conclusion, present investigation is a first attempt to link fluoride induced hyper H3K9 tri-methylation mediated repression of TGFBR2 and SMAD3 with the development of skeletal fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Prashant Tarale
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Kannan
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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117
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Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Cosedis Nielsen J, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d’Avila A, (Natasja) de Groot NMS, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018; 20:e1-e160. [PMID: 29016840 PMCID: PMC5834122 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Calkins
- From the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Riccardo Cappato
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology Research Center, Milan, Italy (Dr. Cappato is now with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy)
| | | | - Eduardo B Saad
- Hospital Pro-Cardiaco and Hospital Samaritano, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinay Badhwar
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Camm
- St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Wyn Davies
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D Day
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Luigi Di Biase
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Fenelon
- Albert Einstein Jewish Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Hylek
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Warren M Jackman
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jose Jalife
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, the National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Kottkamp
- Hirslanden Hospital, Department of Electrophysiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard Lee
- Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Munich-Thalkirchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Macle
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Francis E Marchlinski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Evgeny Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Loeffler I, Liebisch M, Allert S, Kunisch E, Kinne RW, Wolf G. FSP1-specific SMAD2 knockout in renal tubular, endothelial, and interstitial cells reduces fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in murine STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:115-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li X, Guo L, Liu Y, Su Y, Xie Y, Du J, Wang S, Wang H, Liu Y. MicroRNA-21 promotes wound healing via the Smad7-Smad2/3-Elastin pathway. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:245-251. [PMID: 29154818 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by a complex network of cells, molecules, and cytokines, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs were confirmed to influence the wound healing process, and miR-21, an important member of the miRNA family, was also shown to regulate wound healing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-21 in the wound healing process and the possible underlying cell signaling pathways. We isolated GMSCs from WT and miR-21-KO mouse gingiva. Flow cytometric analysis and immunocytofluorescense staining were used to identify the GMSCs acquired from WT and miR-21-KO mice. RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistofluorescence staining were performed to examine the expression of extracellular matrix components and key proteins of cell signaling pathways. TargetScan and pmiR-RB-REPORT vectors were used to verify that Smad7 was a direct target of miR-21. Compared to WT mice, miR-21-KO mice showed slower wound healing. RT-PCR and western blot analysis indicated that Elastin expression was downregulated in miR-21-deficient samples. We confirmed that Smad7 was a direct target of miR-21. miR-21 knockout resulted in increased expression of Smad7 and impaired phosphorylation of the Smad2/3 complex. The expression of the Smad7-Smad2/3-Elastin axis in palate tissues sections acquired from WT and miR-21-KO mice showed the same trend. Based on all these results, we demonstrated that miR-21 promoted the wound healing process via the Smad7-Smad2/3-Elastin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Songling Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China.
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Effect of Compound 21, a Selective Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonist, in a Murine Xenograft Model of Dupuytren Disease. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:686e-696e. [PMID: 29068929 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although surgical excision and intralesional collagenase injection are mainstays in Dupuytren disease treatment, no effective medical therapy exists for recurrent disease. Compound 21, a selective agonist of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor, has been shown to protect against fibrosis in models of myocardial infarction and stroke. The authors investigated the potential use of compound 21 in the treatment of Dupuytren disease. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts were treated in vitro with compound 21 and assessed for viability using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, migration by means of scratch assay, and profibrotic gene transcription by means of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Compound 21 effects in vivo were assessed using a xenograft model. Dupuytren disease cord specimens from patients undergoing open partial fasciectomy were divided into two segments. Segments were implanted under the dorsal skin of nude mouse pairs. Beginning on day 5, one mouse from each pair received daily intraperitoneal injections of compound 21 (10 μg/kg/day), and the other received vehicle. On day 10, segments were explanted and submitted for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Human dermal fibroblasts treated with compound 21 displayed decreased migration and decreased gene expression of connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast specific protein-1, transforming growth factor-β1, Smad3, and Smad4. Dupuytren disease segments from compound 21-treated mice demonstrated significantly reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin and Ki67 staining, with increased density of CD31 staining vessels. CONCLUSIONS Compound 21 significantly decreases expression of profibrotic genes and decreases myofibroblast proliferation as indicated by reduced Ki67 and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. These findings support compound 21 as a potential novel treatment modality for Dupuytren disease.
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121
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TGF-β-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Fibrotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102157. [PMID: 29039786 PMCID: PMC5666838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in affected organs leading to their dysfunction and ultimate failure. Myofibroblasts have been identified as the cells responsible for the progression of the fibrotic process, and they originate from several sources, including quiescent tissue fibroblasts, circulating CD34⁺ fibrocytes and the phenotypic conversion of various cell types into activated myofibroblasts. Several studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells can transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells through a process termed endothelial- mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and that this can give rise to activated myofibroblasts involved in the development of fibrotic diseases. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has a central role in fibrogenesis by modulating the fibroblast phenotype and function, inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation and promoting matrix accumulation. In addition, TGF-β by inducing EndMT may further contribute to the development of fibrosis. Despite extensive investigation of the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases, no effective treatment strategies are available. Delineation of the mechanisms responsible for initiation and progression of fibrotic diseases is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the disease. In this review, we summarize the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway and EndMT in the development of fibrotic diseases and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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122
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He S, Xie L, Lu J, Sun S. Characteristics and potential role of M2 macrophages in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3029-3039. [PMID: 29089751 PMCID: PMC5655159 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is a multi-pathogenesis disease mainly caused by smoking. A further understanding of the mechanism of smoking-related COPD might contribute to preventions and treatments of this disease in the early stages. This study was designed to identify the characteristics of M2 macrophages in COPD for a better understanding about their potential role. Materials and methods COPD models were built in the C57BL/6 mouse by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure combined with intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The modeling efficiency was evaluated by lung function and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The number of different macrophage phenotypes was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS) of CD206, CD86 and CD68 on the lung tissue paraffin section. The RAW264.7 cells were polarized toward the M2 phenotype by interleukin IL-4 and confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression levels of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in CSE-treated M2 macrophages were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related makers (TGF-βRII, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad7 and TGF-β) in alveolar M2 macrophages were detected by two consecutive paraffin section IHS. Results The COPD model is well established, which is confirmed by the lung function test and lung H&E staining. The whole number of macrophages and the ratio of M2/M1 phenotype are both increased (p<0.05). The level of CD206+ cells in IL-4-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is up to 93.4%, which is confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 are all enhanced (p<0.05) in CES-treated M2 macrophages, which is detected by RT-PCR. The protein levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related markers are all increased in alveolar M2 macrophages of the model group. Conclusion This study found an increased deposition of alveolar M2 macrophages in the mouse COPD model and an increased expression level of TGF-β/Smad pathway in M2 macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, induced by CSE and/or CS exposure, indicating that M2 macrophages might contribute to COPD through changing of phenotype and TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjuan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Sharif R, Hjortdal J, Sejersen H, Frank G, Karamichos D. Human in vitro Model Reveals the Effects of Collagen Cross-linking on Keratoconus Pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12517. [PMID: 28970517 PMCID: PMC5624875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disorder that leads to severe vision impairment As opposed to corneal transplantation; corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a relatively non-invasive procedure that leads to an increase in corneal stiffness. In order to evaluate the effect of CXL on human corneal stromal cells in vitro, we developed a 3-D in vitro CXL model, using primary Human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy patients and Human Keratoconus fibroblasts (HKCs) from KC patients. Cells were plated on transwell polycarbonate membranes and stimulated by a stable vitamin C. CXL was performed using a mixed riboflavin 0.1% PBS solution followed by UVA irradiation. Our data revealed no significant apoptosis in either HCFs or HKCs following CXL. However, corneal fibrosis markers, Collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin, were significantly downregulated in CXL HKCs. Furthermore, a significant downregulation was seen in SMAD3, SMAD7, and phosphorylated SMADs -2 and -3 expression in CXL HKCs, contrary to a significant upregulation in both SMAD2 and Lysyl oxidase expression, compared to HCFs. Our novel 3-D in vitro model can be utilized to determine the cellular and molecular effects on the human corneal stroma post CXL, and promises to establish optimized treatment modalities in patients with KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Sharif
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sejersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Garett Frank
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d’Avila A, de Groot N(N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e275-e444. [PMID: 28506916 PMCID: PMC6019327 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Calkins
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Riccardo Cappato
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology Research Center, Milan, Italy (Dr. Cappato is now with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy)
| | | | - Eduardo B. Saad
- Hospital Pro-Cardiaco and Hospital Samaritano, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinay Badhwar
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Camm
- St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Wyn Davies
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Day
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Luigi Di Biase
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Fenelon
- Albert Einstein Jewish Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Hylek
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Warren M. Jackman
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jose Jalife
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, the National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan M. Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Kottkamp
- Hirslanden Hospital, Department of Electrophysiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard Lee
- Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Munich-Thalkirchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Macle
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Francis E. Marchlinski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David’s Medical Center, Austin, TX
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Evgeny Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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125
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Wang YS, Cho JG, Hwang ES, Yang JE, Gao W, Fang MZ, Zheng SD, Yi TH. Enhancement of Protective Effects of Radix Scutellariae on UVB-induced Photo Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1073-1093. [PMID: 28948464 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae (RS) has long been used in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Its main flavonoids, baicalin (BG) and wogonoside (WG), can be hydrolyzed into their corresponding aglycones, baicalein (B) and wogonin (W). In this study, we developed a safe and effective method of transforming these glycosides using Peclyve PR. The transformation rate of BG and WG reached 98.5 and 98.1%, respectively, with 10% enzyme at 40 °C for 60 h. Furthermore, we compared the anti-photoaging activity of RS before and after enzyme treatment, as well as their respective main components, in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Results found that enzyme-treated RS (ERS) appeared to be much better at preventing UVB-induced photoaging than RS. ERS significantly inhibited the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and IL-6 caused by UVB radiation by inactivating the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathways. ERS treatment also recovered UVB-induced reduction of procollagen type I by activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. In addition, ERS exhibited an excellent antioxidant activity, which could increase the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as HO-1 and NQ-O1, by facilitating Nrf2 nuclear transfer. These findings demonstrated that the photoprotective effects of RS were significantly improved by enzyme-modified biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuai Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyeong Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Son Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Zhe Fang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Dao Zheng
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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126
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Li X, Guo L, Liu Y, Su Y, Xie Y, Du J, Zhou J, Ding G, Wang H, Bai Y, Liu Y. MicroRNA-21 promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the Smad7-Smad1/5/8-Runx2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:928-933. [PMID: 28943430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are pluripotent stem cells, and the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs has been drawing attention for a long time. Bone formation is regulated by numerous molecular and cellular signaling pathways, and the differentiation of BMMSCs is controlled by a well-defined genetic program. In the present study, we isolated BMMSCs from the bone cavities of wild-type (WT) and microRNA-21 knock-out (miR-21-KO) mice and found that miR-21 was significantly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Under osteoinductive conditions, ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that the bone formation of BMMSCs from miR-21-KO mice was less than that of BMMSCs from WT mice. Consistently, RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that ALP and Runx2 expression levels in miR-21-KO mice were downregulated compared with those in WT mice. Meanwhile, the calvarial bone defects of miR-21-KO mice showed less newly formed bone than did those of WT mice. Additionally, the Smad7-Smad1/5/8-Runx2 axis showed the same tendency; Smad7 overexpression and the expression of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 complex decreased when miR-21 was knocked down. We identified a novel mechanism by which microRNA-21 (miR-21) promotes the bone formation of BMMSCs and found that this process is regulated, in part, by the Smad7-Smad1/5/8-Runx2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, PR China.
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127
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Fu S, Sun L, Zhang X, Shi H, Xu K, Xiao Y, Ye W. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts differentiation and fibrosis by up-regulating TGF-β type I receptor. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:47-58. [PMID: 28893564 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The principle reason of high failure rate of glaucoma filtration surgery is the loss of filtration function caused by postoperative scar formation. We investigated the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc), a DNA methyltransferases inhibitor, on human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) differentiation and fibrosis and its mechanism of action, especially in relation to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling. TGF-β1 was used to induce differentiation of cultured HTFs. 5-Aza-dc suppressed DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) activity 6 h after treatment with a course corresponding to that of TGF-β1-induced reduction of DNMT activity without affecting cell viability as measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. 5-Aza-dc also reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3a protein expression from 24 to 48 h. HTFs migration evaluated by scratch-wound assay were significantly increased 24 h after 5-Aza-dc treatment, a time course similar to that of TGF-β1. Treatment with 5-Aza-dc significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-1A1 (Col1A1), fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β type I receptor (TGFβRI). Furthermore, the effects of 5-Aza-dc on DNMT activity suppression, cell migration, and fibrosis were all reversed by a TGFβRI inhibitor- SB-431542. Meanwhile, knockdown of DNMT1 upregulated TGFβRI expression and had the same fibrosis-inducing effect in HTFs, which was also inhibited by SB-431542. Thus, the results indicate that DNA hypomethylation induces HTFs differentiation and fibrosis through up-regulation of TGFβRI. DNA methylation status plays an important role in subconjunctival wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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128
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Thyroid hormone biosynthesis machinery is altered in the ischemic myocardium: An epigenomic study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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129
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WITHDRAWN: 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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130
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Wang Y, Del Borgo M, Lee HW, Baraldi D, Hirmiz B, Gaspari TA, Denton KM, Aguilar MI, Samuel CS, Widdop RE. Anti-fibrotic Potential of AT 2 Receptor Agonists. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:564. [PMID: 28912715 PMCID: PMC5583590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of therapeutic targets to treat organ fibrosis that are under investigation in preclinical models. There is increasing evidence that stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is a novel anti-fibrotic strategy and we have reviewed the published in vivo preclinical data relating to the effects of compound 21 (C21), which is the only nonpeptide AT2R agonist that is currently available for use in chronic preclinical studies. In particular, the differential influence of AT2R on extracellular matrix status in various preclinical fibrotic models is discussed. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that pharmacological AT2R stimulation using C21 decreases organ fibrosis, which has been most studied in the setting of cardiovascular and renal disease. In addition, AT2R-mediated anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to the beneficial AT2R-mediated anti-fibrotic effects seen in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Mark Del Borgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Huey W Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Dhaniel Baraldi
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Baydaa Hirmiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Tracey A Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
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131
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Um JE, Park JT, Nam BY, Lee JP, Jung JH, Kim Y, Kim S, Park J, Wu M, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Periostin-binding DNA aptamer treatment attenuates renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8490. [PMID: 28819200 PMCID: PMC5561139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, was shown to augment renal fibrosis. Aptamers have higher binding affinities without developing the common side effects of antibodies. Thus, we evaluated the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment significantly upregulated periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. These increases were attenuated significantly in periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA)-treated IMCD cells exposed to TGF-β1. In vivo, PA treatment attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen levels in the diabetic mice significantly. Fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions increased significantly in the kidneys of diabetic mice: PA administration abrogated these increases significantly. Immunohistochemistry and Sirius Red staining also revealed that fibronectin expression was significantly higher and tubulointersititial fibrosis was significantly worse in diabetic mice kidneys compared with control mice. These changes were ameliorated by PA treatment. These findings suggested that inhibition of periostin using a DNA aptamer could be a potential therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Um
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Jung
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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132
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Ekwueme EC, Mohiuddin M, Yarborough JA, Brolinson PG, Docheva D, Fernandes HAM, Freeman JW. Prolotherapy Induces an Inflammatory Response in Human Tenocytes In Vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:2117-2127. [PMID: 28451864 PMCID: PMC5498388 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferative therapy, or prolotherapy, is a controversial treatment method for many connective tissue injuries and disorders. It involves the injection of a proliferant, or irritant solution, into the site of injury, which causes small-scale cell death. This therapeutic trauma is theorized to initiate the body's wound-healing cascade, perhaps leading to tissue repair. The immediate effects of many of these proliferants are poorly characterized, as are the cellular responses to them; here, we sought to evaluate the immediate effects of two common proliferants (dextrose and P2G, a combination of phenol, glucose, and glycerin) on the cellular response of human tenocytes, and begin to explicate the mechanisms with which each proliferant functions. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: What are the effects of treating cultured tenocytes with proliferative treatment agents on their (1) cellular metabolic activity, (2) RNA expression, (3) protein secretion, and (4) cell migration? METHODS Using human hamstring and Achilles tendon cells, we attempted to answer our research questions. We used a colorimetric metabolic assay to assess the effect of dextrose and P2G proliferant treatment on cell mitochondrial activity compared with nontreated tenocytes. Next, using quantitative PCR, ELISA, and a reporter cell line, we assessed the expression of several key markers involved in tendon development and inflammation. In addition, we used a scratch wound-healing assay to evaluate the effect of proliferant treatment on tenocyte migration. RESULTS Results showed that exposure to both solutions led to decreased metabolic activity of tenocytes, with P2G having the more pronounced effect (75% ± 7% versus 95% ± 7% of untreated control cell metabolic levels) (ANOVA; p < 0.01; mean difference, 0.202; 95% CI, 0.052-0.35). Next, gene expression analysis confirmed that treatment led to the upregulation of key proinflammatory markers including interleukin-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 and downregulation of the matrix marker collagen type I. Furthermore, using a reporter cell line for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a prominent antiinflammatory marker, we showed that treatments led to decreased TGF-β bioactivity. Analysis of soluble proteins using ELISA revealed elevated levels of soluble prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a prominent inducer of inflammation. Finally, both solutions led to decreased cellular migration in the tenocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that prolotherapy, more so with P2G, may work by decreasing cellular function and eliciting an inflammatory response in tenocytes. Additional studies are needed to confirm the cellular signaling mechanisms involved and the resulting immediate response in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If these preliminary in vitro findings can be confirmed in an in vivo model, they may provide clues for a possible cellular mechanism of a common alternative treatment method currently used for certain soft tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Ekwueme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mahir Mohiuddin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jazmin A Yarborough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - P Gunnar Brolinson
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A M Fernandes
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- The Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Drug Screening Lab, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joseph W Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Kim JY, An HJ, Kim WH, Gwon MG, Gu H, Park YY, Park KK. Anti-fibrotic Effects of Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide for TGF-β1 and Smad in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:250-263. [PMID: 28918026 PMCID: PMC5511593 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by changes in tissue architecture and extracellular matrix composition. Liver fibrosis affects not only hepatocytes but also the non-parenchymal cells such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are essential for maintaining an intact liver structure and function. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces liver fibrosis through activation of Smad signaling pathways. To improve a new therapeutic approach, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was used to suppress both TGF-β1 expression and Smad transcription factor using a combination of antisense ODN and decoy ODN. The aims of this study are to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-β1/Smad ODN on simultaneous suppressions of both Smad transcription factor and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the hepatic fibrosis model in vitro and in vivo. Synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN effectively inhibits Smad binding activity and TGF-β1 expression. TGF-β1/Smad ODN attenuated the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of HSCs in TGF-β1-induced AML12 and HSC-T6 cells. TGF-β1/Smad ODN prevented the fibrogenesis and deposition of collagen in CCl4-treated mouse model. Synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN demonstrates anti-fibrotic effects that are mediated by the suppression of fibrogenic protein and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN has substantial therapeutic feasibility for the treatment of liver fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Yub Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
上皮间质转化(epithelialmesenchymal transition, EMT)是一个动态的、可逆的过程, 可以促进组织发育、伤口愈合以及恶性上皮肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移, 已成为当前研究的热点. Smads蛋白作为细胞内重要的信号转导蛋白, 直接参与转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1)超家族中许多成员的信号转导, 发挥调节细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡等多种生物学活动. 随着对Smads蛋白结构与功能的不断认识, 日渐发现由Smads参与的TGF-β1/Smads通路所介导的EMT与人类的某些疾病(器官组织纤维化、肥厚性疤痕以及癌症等)密切相关. 本文简要综述了Smads蛋白在TGF-β1/Smads通路介导EMT中的作用, 以期对Smads参与调控EMT有更进一步的认识.
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135
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Wang G, Yin T. Rapamycin enhances the antiproliferative effect of transforming growth factor-β on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:748-752. [PMID: 28672994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a well-known cytokine with pleiotropic biological functions, has an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Rapamycin has specific antagonistic activity on the function of the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. The cooperation of TGF-β and rapamycin on the proliferation of Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 human breast cancer cells is unclear. The present study demonstrated that TGF-β had a growth-arresting effect on MCF-7 cancer cells. TGF-β stimulation resulted in the upregulation of several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p14ARF, p15INK4b, p16INK4a and p21WAF1/CIP1. The present study also demonstrated that rapamycin enhances the antiproliferative effect of TGF-β. The combination of rapamycin and TGF-β induced apoptosis of MCF-7 tumor cells. These findings advance the current understanding of the biological effects of TGF-β and rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Flevaris P, Khan SS, Eren M, Schuldt AJT, Shah SJ, Lee DC, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Burridge PW, Ghosh AK, Vaughan DE. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type I Controls Cardiomyocyte Transforming Growth Factor-β and Cardiac Fibrosis. Circulation 2017; 136:664-679. [PMID: 28588076 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is the pathological consequence of stress-induced tissue remodeling and matrix accumulation. Increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) have been shown to promote fibrosis in multiple organ systems. Paradoxically, homozygous genetic deficiency of PAI-1 is associated with spontaneous age-dependent, cardiac-selective fibrosis in mice. We have identified a novel PAI-1-dependent mechanism that regulates cardiomyocyte-derived fibrogenic signals and cardiac transcriptional pathways during injury. METHODS Cardiac fibrosis in subjects with homozygous mutation in SERPINE-1 was evaluated with late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A murine cardiac injury model was performed by subcutaneous infusion of either saline or Angiotensin II by osmotic minipumps. We evaluated blood pressure, cardiac function (by echocardiography), fibrosis (with Masson Trichrome staining), and apoptosis (with TUNEL staining), and we performed transcriptome analysis (with RNA sequencing). We further evaluated fibrotic signaling in isolated murine primary ventricular myocytes. RESULTS Cardiac fibrosis was detected in 2 otherwise healthy humans with complete PAI-1 deficiency because of a homozygous frameshift mutation in SERPINE-1. In addition to its suppressive role during spontaneous cardiac fibrosis in multiple species, we hypothesized that PAI-1 also regulates fibrosis during cardiac injury. Treatment of young PAI-1-/- mice with Angiotensin II induced extensive hypertrophy and fibrotic cardiomyopathy, with increased cardiac apoptosis and both reactive and replacement fibrosis. Although Angiotensin II-induced hypertension was blunted in PAI-1-/- mice, cardiac hypertrophy was accelerated. Furthermore, ventricular myocytes were found to be an important source of cardiac transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and PAI-1 regulated TGF-β synthesis by cardiomyocytes in vitro as well as in vivo during cardiac injury. Transcriptome analysis of ventricular RNA after Angiotensin II treatment confirmed that PAI-1 deficiency significantly enhanced multiple TGF-β signaling elements and transcriptional targets, including genes for extracellular matrix components, mediators of extracellular matrix remodeling, matricellular proteins, and cardiac integrins compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 is an essential repressor of cardiac fibrosis in mammals. We define a novel cardiomyocyte-specific regulatory mechanism for TGF-β production by PAI-1, which explains the paradoxical effect of PAI-1 deficiency in promoting cardiac-selective fibrosis. Thus, PAI-1 is a molecular switch that controls the cardiac TGF-β axis and its early transcriptional effects that lead to myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Flevaris
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Mesut Eren
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Adam J T Schuldt
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Daniel C Lee
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Sweta Gupta
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.)
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.F., S.S.K., M.E., A.J.T.S., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.F., S.S.K., S.J.S., D.C.L., A.K.G., D.E.V.), Department of Pharmacology (A.J.T.S., P.W.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis (S.G., A.D.S.).
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137
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Shindo K, Asakura M, Min KD, Ito S, Fu HY, Yamazaki S, Takahashi A, Imazu M, Fukuda H, Nakajima Y, Asanuma H, Minamino T, Takashima S, Minamino N, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 1 Suppresses TGF-β Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. INT J GERONTOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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138
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Koehler L, Samsonov S, Rother S, Vogel S, Köhling S, Moeller S, Schnabelrauch M, Rademann J, Hempel U, Pisabarro MT, Scharnweber D, Hintze V. Sulfated Hyaluronan Derivatives Modulate TGF-β1:Receptor Complex Formation: Possible Consequences for TGF-β1 Signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1210. [PMID: 28446792 PMCID: PMC5430790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are known to bind biological mediators thereby modulating their biological activity. Sulfated hyaluronans (sHA) were reported to strongly interact with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 leading to impaired bioactivity in fibroblasts. The underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated yet. Examining the interaction of all components of the TGF-β1:receptor complex with sHA by surface plasmon resonance, we could show that highly sulfated HA (sHA3) blocks binding of TGF-β1 to its TGF-β receptor-I (TβR-I) and -II (TβR-II). However, sequential addition of sHA3 to the TβR-II/TGF-β1 complex led to a significantly stronger recruitment of TβR-I compared to a complex lacking sHA3, indicating that the order of binding events is very important. Molecular modeling suggested a possible molecular mechanism in which sHA3 could potentially favor the association of TβR-I when added sequentially. For the first time bioactivity of TGF-β1 in conjunction with sHA was investigated at the receptor level. TβR-I and, furthermore, Smad2 phosphorylation were decreased in the presence of sHA3 indicating the formation of an inactive signaling complex. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the interference of sHA3 with TGF-β1:receptor complex formation and will help to further improve the design of functional biomaterials that interfere with TGF-β1-driven skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Koehler
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Straße 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Samsonov
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Straße 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogel
- Medical Department, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moeller
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V., Prüssingstraße 27 B, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Medical Department, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Straße 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Straße 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Nawaito SA, Dingar D, Sahadevan P, Hussein B, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Gaestel M, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK5 haplodeficiency attenuates hypertrophy and preserves diastolic function during remodeling induced by chronic pressure overload in the mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H46-H58. [PMID: 28432058 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00597.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MAPK-activated protein kinase-5 (MK5) is a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated by p38 MAPK and the atypical MAPKs ERK3 and ERK4. The physiological function(s) of MK5 remains unknown. Here, we examined the effect of MK5 haplodeficiency on cardiac function and myocardial remodeling. At 12 wk of age, MK5 haplodeficient mice (MK5+/-) were smaller than age-matched wild-type littermates (MK5+/+), with similar diastolic function but reduced systolic function. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to induce chronic pressure overload in 12-wk-old male MK5+/- and MK5+/+ mice. Two weeks post-TAC, heart weight-to-tibia length ratios were similarly increased in MK5+/- and MK5+/+ hearts, as was the abundance of B-type natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain mRNA. Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in both MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice, whereas regional peak systolic tissue velocities were reduced and isovolumetric relaxation time was prolonged in MK5+/+ hearts but not in MK5+/- hearts. The TAC-induced increase in collagen type 1-α1 mRNA observed in MK5+/+ hearts was markedly attenuated in MK5+/- hearts. Eight weeks post-TAC, systolic function was equally impaired in MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice. In contrast, the increase in E wave deceleration rate and progression of hypertrophy observed in TAC MK5+/+ mice were attenuated in TAC MK5+/- mice. MK5 immunoreactivity was detected in adult fibroblasts but not in myocytes. MK5+/+, MK5+/-, and MK5-/- fibroblasts all expressed α-smooth muscle actin in culture. Hence, reduced MK5 expression in cardiac fibroblasts was associated with the attenuation of both hypertrophy and development of a restrictive filling pattern during myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY MAPK-activated protein kinase-5 (MK5)/p38-regulated/activated protein kinase is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38 MAPK and/or the atypical MAPKs ERK3 and ERK4. MK5 immunoreactivity was detected in adult ventricular fibroblasts but not in myocytes. MK5 haplodeficiency attenuated the progression of hypertrophy, reduced collagen type 1 mRNA, and protected diastolic function in response to chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dharmendra Dingar
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Hur W, Lee HY, Min HS, Wufuer M, Lee CW, Hur JA, Kim SH, Kim BK, Choi TH. Regeneration of full-thickness skin defects by differentiated adipose-derived stem cells into fibroblast-like cells by fibroblast-conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28427476 PMCID: PMC5399413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells in the human body and are absolutely necessary for wound healing such as for injured skin. This role of fibroblasts was the reason why we aimed to differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into fibroblasts and to test their wound healing potency. Recent reports on hADSC-derived conditioned medium have indicated stimulation of collagen synthesis as well as migration of dermal fibroblasts in wound sites with these cells. Similarly, human fibroblast-derived conditioned medium (F-CM) was reported to contain a variety of factors known to be important for growth of skin. However, it remains unknown whether and how F-CM can stimulate hADSCs to secrete type I collagen. Methods In this study, we obtained F-CM from the culture of human skin fibroblast HS27 cells in DMEM media. For an in-vivo wound healing assay using cell transplantation, balb/c nude mice with full-thickness skin wound were used. Results Our data showed that levels of type I pro-collagen secreted by hADSCs cultured in F-CM increased significantly compared with hADSCs kept in normal medium for 72 h. In addition, from a Sircol collagen assay, the amount of collagen in F-CM-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) was markedly higher than both the normal medium-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) and the F-CM (24 h). We aimed to confirm that hADSCs in F-CM would differentiate into fibroblast cells in order to stimulate wound healing in a skin defect model. To investigate whether F-CM induced hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells, we performed FACS analysis and verified that both F-CM-treated hADSCs and HS27 cells contained similar expression patterns for CD13, CD54, and CD105, whereas normal medium-treated hADSCs were significantly different. mRNA level analysis for Nanog, Oct4A, and Sox2 as undifferentiation markers and vimentin, HSP47, and desmin as matured fibroblast markers supported the characterization that hADSCs in F-CM were highly differentiated into fibroblast-like cells. To discover the mechanism of type I pro-collagen expression in hADSCs in F-CM, we observed that phospho-smad 2/3 levels were increased in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. For in-vivo analysis, we injected various cell types into balb/c nude mouse skin carrying a 10-mm punch wound, and observed a significantly positive wound healing effect in this full-thickness excision model with F-CM-treated hADSCs rather than with untreated hADSCs or the PBS injected group. Conclusions We differentiated F-CM-treated hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells and demonstrated their efficiency in wound healing in a skin wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojune Hur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Young Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Maierdanjiang Wufuer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University 110-744, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji An Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeung Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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141
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Zhang Y, Yan H, Guang GC, Deng ZR. Overexpressed connective tissue growth factor in cardiomyocytes attenuates left ventricular remodeling induced by angiotensin II perfusion. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:168-174. [PMID: 28287886 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1226893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- First Ward of West Yard, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Yan
- First Ward of West Yard, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gong-chang Guang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-rong Deng
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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142
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Xu D. Apigenin protects myocardium by inhibiting the TGF-β1-mediated Smad signaling transduction pathway in acute myocardial infarcted rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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143
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Liu JC, Wang F, Xie ML, Cheng ZQ, Qin Q, Chen L, Chen R. Osthole inhibits the expressions of collagen I and III through Smad signaling pathway after treatment with TGF-β1 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:388-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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144
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Li M, Zhao Y, Hao H, Dong L, Liu J, Han W, Fu X. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium exerts in vitro antiaging effects in human fibroblasts. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:371-383. [PMID: 28081982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Chronic wounds are a common complication of diabetes. Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation is important for wound repair, which is commonly impaired in non-healing wounds, and the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. METHODS We used high glucose (HG) to simulated the diabetes microenvironment and explored its effects on the biological features of fibroblasts in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that prolonged HG induced senescence in fibroblasts through activation of p21 and p16 in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, further delayed the viability and migration in fibroblasts and also depressed fibroblast differentiation through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. However, mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) counteracts the effects of HG. Treatment of fibroblasts with MSC-CM decreased HG-induced ROS overproduction, ameliorated HG-induced senescence in fibroblasts and reversed the defects in myofibroblast formation. Our results may provide clues for the pathogenesis of chronic wounds and a theoretical basis to develop MSC-CM as an alternative therapeutic method to treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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145
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Norambuena-Soto I, Núñez-Soto C, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Cancino-Arenas N, Mondaca-Ruff D, Vivar R, Díaz-Araya G, Mellado R, Chiong M. Transforming growth factor-beta and Forkhead box O transcription factors as cardiac fibroblast regulators. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:154-162. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raul Vivar
- Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Chile
| | | | | | - Mario Chiong
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Universidad de Chile
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146
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Chen YY, Lu YH, Ma CH, Tao WW, Zhu JJ, Zhang X. A novel elastic liposome for skin delivery of papain and its application on hypertrophic scar. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:82-91. [PMID: 28040601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of papain elastic liposomes (PEL) on hypertrophic scar through topical application. PEL were prepared using the reverse-phase evaporation method and optimized by response surface methodology. The transdermal absorption of optimized PEL was tested by vertical Franz diffusion cells in vitro. The effects of PEL were investigated in rabbit model of hypertrophic scar in vivo, histological analysis and scar-related proteins were detected to reveal potential scar repair mechanism. The best formulation of PEL had EE (43.8±1.4%), particle size (100.9±2.2nm), PDI (0.037±0.003), zeta potential (-26.3±1.3mV), and DI (21.9±3.1). PEL gave the cumulative amounts and steady state fluxes in the receiver solution of 381.9±32.4μg/cm2, 11.4±1.5μg/cm2/h, and showed drug deposition in skin of 19.1±3.2% after 24h. After topical application, the scar elevation index, microvascular density, and collagen fiber were significantly decreased with regular arrangement. The expressions of TGF-β1, P-Smad-3, P-NF-κB p65, and P-IKBa in hypertrophic scar were significantly down regulated in contrast with those in model group. PEL were proven as an excellent topical preparation for hypertrophic scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Yunnan Baiyao Group Wuxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Ye-Hui Lu
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Wuxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214028, China; Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Yunnan 650111, China
| | - Chun-Hua Ma
- College of Basic Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tao
- College of Basic Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Zhu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Yunnan Baiyao Group Wuxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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147
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Matsumoto H, Iwafuji H, Yamane J, Takeuchi R, Utsunomiya T, Fujii A. Restorative effect of organic germanium compound (Ge-132) on dermal injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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148
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Li M, Xu J, Shi T, Yu H, Bi J, Chen G. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate augments therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in skin wound healing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:1115-1124. [PMID: 27557877 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jingxing Xu
- The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Tongxin Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jianping Bi
- The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
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149
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Du X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang X. Evolution history of duplicated smad3 genes in teleost: insights from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2500. [PMID: 27703851 PMCID: PMC5045880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) during deuterosome evolution, a third genome duplication occurred in the ray-fined fish lineage and is considered to be responsible for the teleost-specific lineage diversification and regulation mechanisms. As a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD), the function of SMAD3 was widely studied in mammals. However, limited information of its role or putative paralogs is available in ray-finned fishes. In this study, two SMAD3 paralogs were first identified in the transcriptome and genome of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We also explored SMAD3 duplication in other selected species. Following identification, genomic structure, phylogenetic reconstruction, and synteny analyses performed by MrBayes and online bioinformatic tools confirmed that smad3a/3b most likely originated from the teleost-specific WGD. Additionally, selection pressure analysis and expression pattern of the two genes performed by PAML and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed evidence of subfunctionalization of the two SMAD3 paralogs in teleost. Our results indicate that two SMAD3 genes originate from teleost-specific WGD, remain transcriptionally active, and may have likely undergone subfunctionalization. This study provides novel insights to the evolution fates of smad3a/3b and draws attentions to future function analysis of SMAD3 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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150
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Mao X, Luo W, Sun J, Yang N, Zhang LW, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Wu H. Usp2-69 overexpression slows down the progression of rat anti-Thy1.1 nephritis. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:249-258. [PMID: 27640956 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is characterized by proliferation of mesangial cells (MCs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-dependent stimulation of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. We previously showed that Decorin--a leucine-rich proteoglycan inhibiting the progression of glomerulonephritis and glomerular sclerosis--can be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and deubiquitinated and stabilized by ubiquitin-specific processing protease 2-69(Usp2-69). Usp2-69 is highly expressed in the kidney and has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, its role in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of Usp2-69 on MC proliferation and ECM deposition by transfecting Usp2-69 plasmid into rat anti-Thy1.1 nephritis model and into cultured MCs, as well as detected Usp2-69 and Decorin in rat anti-Thy1.1 nephritis model by western blot. Overexpressing Usp2-69 at the early stage, but not advanced stage, of anti-Thy1.1 nephritis alleviated cell proliferation and ECM deposition, which was shown by decreased Ki-67, Collagen IV and Fibronectin detected by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression also increased Decorin and decreased TGF-β1 and Collagen IV both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Usp2-69 overexpression alleviates the progression of rat anti-Thy1.1 nephritis and, therefore, that exogenous plasmid injection via the renal artery enhanced by electrotransfer technology could be a promising avenue for glomerular disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Mao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weili Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianyong Sun
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nianji Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linda Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute for Kidneys and Dialysis, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute for Kidneys and Dialysis, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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