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Guo S, Feng Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang R, Zhang Q, Li Y, Ren Y, Gao X, Bian H, Liu T, Gao H, Kong X. Metabolic crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and liver through IRF4-FSTL1 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6047. [PMID: 37770480 PMCID: PMC10539336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk has gained increasing attention in recent times; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we elucidate an endocrine pathway that is regulated by skeletal muscle interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4, which manipulates liver pathology. Skeletal muscle specific IRF4 knockout (F4MKO) mice exhibited ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, without changes in body weight, when put on a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet. Proteomics analysis results suggested that follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) may constitute a link between muscles and the liver. Dual luciferase assays showed that IRF4 can transcriptionally regulate FSTL1. Further, inducing FSTL1 expression in the muscles of F4MKO mice is sufficient to restore liver pathology. In addition, co-culture experiments confirmed that FSTL1 plays a distinct role in various liver cell types via different receptors. Finally, we observed that the serum FSTL1 level is positively correlated with NASH progression in humans. These data indicate a signaling pathway involving IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14, that links skeletal muscle cells to the liver in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Huanqing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Quinn C, Rico MC, Merali C, Barrero CA, Perez-Leal O, Mischley V, Karanicolas J, Friedman SL, Merali S. Secreted folate receptor γ drives fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by amplifying TGFβ signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade2966. [PMID: 37756380 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the primary determinant of mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), a master profibrogenic cytokine, is a promising therapeutic target that has not yet been translated into an effective therapy in part because of liabilities associated with systemic TGFβ antagonism. We have identified that soluble folate receptor γ (FOLR3), which is expressed in humans but not in rodents, is a secreted protein that is elevated in the livers of patients with MASH but not in those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, those with type II diabetes, or healthy individuals. Global proteomics showed that FOLR3 was the most highly significant MASH-specific protein and was positively correlated with increasing fibrosis stage, consistent with stimulation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the key fibrogenic cells in the liver. Exposure of HSCs to exogenous FOLR3 led to elevated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production, an effect synergistically potentiated by TGFβ1. We found that FOLR3 interacts with the serine protease HTRA1, a known regulator of TGFBR, and activates TGFβ signaling. Administration of human FOLR3 to mice induced severe bridging fibrosis and an ECM pattern resembling human MASH. Our study thus uncovers a role of FOLR3 in enhancing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Quinn
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Mario C Rico
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Carlos A Barrero
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Oscar Perez-Leal
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Victoria Mischley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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103
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Ouyang G, Wu Z, Liu Z, Pan G, Wang Y, Liu J, Guo J, Liu T, Huang G, Zeng Y, Wei Z, He S, Yuan G. Identification and validation of potential diagnostic signature and immune cell infiltration for NAFLD based on cuproptosis-related genes by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251750. [PMID: 37822923 PMCID: PMC10562635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cuproptosis has been identified as a key player in the development of several diseases. In this study, we investigate the potential role of cuproptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method The gene expression profiles of NAFLD were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were determined between NAFLD and normal tissues. Protein-protein interaction, correlation, and function enrichment analyses were performed. Machine learning was used to identify hub genes. Immune infiltration was analyzed in both NAFLD patients and controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate the expression of hub genes. Results Four datasets containing 115 NAFLD and 106 control samples were included for bioinformatics analysis. Three hub CRGs (NFE2L2, DLD, and POLD1) were identified through the intersection of three machine learning algorithms. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted based on these three marker genes, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.704. In the external GSE135251 dataset, the AUC value of the three key genes was as high as 0.970. Further nomogram, decision curve, calibration curve analyses also confirmed the diagnostic predictive efficacy. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis showed these three marker genes involved in multiple pathways that are related to the progression of NAFLD. CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis indicated that their expression levels in macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, Treg cells, resting dendritic cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were higher in NAFLD compared with control liver samples. The ceRNA network demonstrated a complex regulatory relationship between the three hub genes. The mRNA level of these hub genes were further confirmed in a mouse NAFLD liver samples. Conclusion Our study comprehensively demonstrated the relationship between NAFLD and cuproptosis, developed a promising diagnostic model, and provided potential targets for NAFLD treatment and new insights for exploring the mechanism for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Ouyang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Liver Cancer Research, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guandong Pan
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Liver Cancer Research, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Liuzhou Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Precision Diagnosis Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital by Liuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Luzhai People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Guozhen Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zaiwa Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu X, Kiupel M, Li A, Wang H, Mi QS, Xiao H. NCOA5 Haploinsufficiency in Myeloid-Lineage Cells Sufficiently Causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37734594 PMCID: PMC10665956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) is a putative type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene. NCOA5 haploinsufficiency results in the spontaneous development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male mice; however, the cell-specific effect of NCOA5 haploinsufficiency in various types of cells, including macrophages, on the development of NAFLD and HCC remains unknown. METHODS Control and myeloid-lineage-specific Ncoa5 deletion (Ncoa5ΔM/+) mice fed a normal diet were examined for the development of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and HCC. Altered genes and signaling pathways in the intrahepatic macrophages of Ncoa5ΔM/+ male mice were analyzed and compared with those of obese human individuals. The role of platelet factor 4 (PF4) in macrophages and the underlying mechanism by which PF4 affects NAFLD/NASH were explored in vitro and in vivo. PF4 expression in HCC patient specimens and prognosis was examined. RESULTS Myeloid-lineage-specific Ncoa5 deletion sufficiently causes spontaneous NASH and HCC development in male mice fed a normal diet. PF4 overexpression in Ncoa5ΔM/+ intrahepatic macrophages is identified as a potent mediator to trigger lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inducing lipogenesis-promoting gene expression. The transcriptome of intrahepatic macrophages from Ncoa5ΔM/+ male mice resembles that of obese human individuals. High PF4 expression correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients and increased infiltrations of M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in HCCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for the onset of NAFLD/NASH and HCC initiated by NCOA5-deficient macrophages, suggesting the NCOA5-PF4 axis in macrophages as a potential target for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions against NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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105
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Boslem E, Reibe S, Carlessi R, Smeuninx B, Tegegne S, Egan CL, McLennan E, Terry LV, Nobis M, Mu A, Nowell C, Horadagoda N, Mellett NA, Timpson P, Jones M, Denisenko E, Forrest AR, Tirnitz-Parker JE, Meikle PJ, Rose-John S, Karin M, Febbraio MA. Therapeutic blockade of ER stress and inflammation prevents NASH and progression to HCC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0831. [PMID: 37703359 PMCID: PMC10499313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly rising largely because of increased obesity leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a known HCC risk factor. There are no approved treatments to treat NASH. Here, we first used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to characterize a mouse model that mimics human NASH-driven HCC, the MUP-uPA mouse fed a high-fat diet. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation was observed in a subset of hepatocytes that was enriched in mice that progress to HCC. We next treated MUP-uPA mice with the ER stress inhibitor BGP-15 and soluble gp130Fc, a drug that blocks inflammation by preventing interleukin-6 trans-signaling. Both drugs have progressed to phase 2/3 human clinical trials for other indications. We show that this combined therapy reversed NASH and reduced NASH-driven HCC. Our data suggest that these drugs could provide a potential therapy for NASH progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Boslem
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Surafel Tegegne
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Casey L. Egan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma McLennan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren V. Terry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andre Mu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge UK
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil Horadagoda
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | | | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Denisenko
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Janina E. E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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106
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Ouyang JF, Mishra K, Xie Y, Park H, Huang KY, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Systems level identification of a matrisome-associated macrophage polarisation state in multi-organ fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e85530. [PMID: 37706477 PMCID: PMC10547479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis affects multiple organs and involves a master-regulatory role of macrophages which respond to an initial inflammatory insult common in all forms of fibrosis. The recently unravelled multi-organ heterogeneity of macrophages in healthy and fibrotic human disease suggests that macrophages expressing osteopontin (SPP1) associate with lung and liver fibrosis. However, the conservation of this SPP1+ macrophage population across different tissues and its specificity to fibrotic diseases with different etiologies remain unclear. Integrating 15 single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to profile 235,930 tissue macrophages from healthy and fibrotic heart, lung, liver, kidney, skin, and endometrium, we extended the association of SPP1+ macrophages with fibrosis to all these tissues. We also identified a subpopulation expressing matrisome-associated genes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors), functionally enriched for ECM remodelling and cell metabolism, representative of a matrisome-associated macrophage (MAM) polarisation state within SPP1+ macrophages. Importantly, the MAM polarisation state follows a differentiation trajectory from SPP1+ macrophages and is associated with a core set of regulon activity. SPP1+ macrophages without the MAM polarisation state (SPP1+MAM-) show a positive association with ageing lung in mice and humans. These results suggest an advanced and conserved polarisation state of SPP1+ macrophages in fibrotic tissues resulting from prolonged inflammatory cues within each tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Ouyang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kunal Mishra
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yi Xie
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Harry Park
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kevin Y Huang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU)NanjingChina
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) encompass a family of cell-surface receptors chiefly expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and tissue macrophages. These receptors have been implicated in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, bone remodelling, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cancer. Here, I review the structure, ligands, signalling modes and functions of TREMs in humans and mice and discuss the challenges that remain in understanding TREM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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108
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Peng L, Tan J, Xiong W, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yuan R, Li Z, Chen X. Deciphering ligand-receptor-mediated intercellular communication based on ensemble deep learning and the joint scoring strategy from single-cell transcriptomic data. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107137. [PMID: 37364528 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-cell communication in a tumor microenvironment is vital to tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapy. Intercellular communication inference helps understand molecular mechanisms of tumor growth, progression and metastasis. METHODS Focusing on ligand-receptor co-expressions, in this study, we developed an ensemble deep learning framework, CellComNet, to decipher ligand-receptor-mediated cell-cell communication from single-cell transcriptomic data. First, credible LRIs are captured by integrating data arrangement, feature extraction, dimension reduction, and LRI classification based on an ensemble of heterogeneous Newton boosting machine and deep neural network. Next, known and identified LRIs are screened based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in certain tissues. Finally, cell-cell communication is inferred by incorporating scRNA-seq data, the screened LRIs, a joint scoring strategy that combines expression thresholding and expression product of ligands and receptors. RESULTS The proposed CellComNet framework was compared with four competing protein-protein interaction prediction models (PIPR, XGBoost, DNNXGB, and OR-RCNN) and obtained the best AUCs and AUPRs on four LRI datasets, elucidating the optimal LRI classification ability. CellComNet was further applied to analyze intercellular communication in human melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues. The results demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts highly communicate with melanoma cells and endothelial cells strong communicate with HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CellComNet framework efficiently identified credible LRIs and significantly improved cell-cell communication inference performance. We anticipate that CellComNet can contribute to anticancer drug design and tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Peng
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China; College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Jingwei Tan
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Ruya Yuan
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Zejun Li
- School of Computer Science, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Bhattacharya M, Ramachandran P. Immunology of human fibrosis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1423-1433. [PMID: 37474654 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, defined by the excess deposition of structural and matricellular proteins in the extracellular space, underlies tissue dysfunction in multiple chronic diseases. Approved antifibrotics have proven modest in efficacy, and the immune compartment remains, for the most part, an untapped therapeutic opportunity. Recent single-cell analyses have interrogated human fibrotic tissues, including immune cells. These studies have revealed a conserved profile of scar-associated macrophages, which localize to the fibrotic niche and interact with mesenchymal cells that produce pathological extracellular matrix. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of the fibrotic microenvironment in human diseases, with a focus on immune cell profiles and functional immune-stromal interactions. We also discuss the key role of the immune system in mediating fibrosis regression and highlight avenues for future study to elucidate potential approaches to targeting inflammatory cells in fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.
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110
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He XL, Chen JY, Feng YL, Song P, Wong YK, Xie LL, Wang C, Zhang Q, Bai YM, Gao P, Luo P, Liu Q, Liao FL, Li ZJ, Jiang Y, Wang JG. Single-cell RNA sequencing deciphers the mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury and the therapeutic effects of artesunate. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1801-1814. [PMID: 37041228 PMCID: PMC10462669 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver, as an immune and detoxification organ, represents an important line of defense against bacteria and infection and a vulnerable organ that is easily injured during sepsis. Artesunate (ART) is an anti-malaria agent, that also exhibits broad pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulation and liver protection. In this study, we investigated the cellular responses in liver to sepsis infection and ART hepatic-protective mechanisms against sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model was established in mice. The mice were administered ART (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at 4 h, and sacrificed at 12 h after the surgery. Liver samples were collected for preparing single-cell RNA transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq). The scRNA-seq analysis revealed that sepsis-induced a dramatic reduction of hepatic endothelial cells, especially the subtypes characterized with proliferation and differentiation. Macrophages were recruited during sepsis and released inflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Il1b, Il6), chemokines (Ccl6, Cd14), and transcription factor (Nfkb1), resulting in liver inflammatory responses. Massive apoptosis of lymphocytes and abnormal recruitment of neutrophils caused immune dysfunction. ART treatment significantly improved the survival of CLP mice within 96 h, and partially relieved or reversed the above-mentioned pathological features, mitigating the impact of sepsis on liver injury, inflammation, and dysfunction. This study provides comprehensive fundamental proof for the liver protective efficacy of ART against sepsis infection, which would potentially contribute to its clinical translation for sepsis therapy. Single cell transcriptome reveals the changes of various hepatocyte subtypes of CLP-induced liver injury and the potential pharmacological effects of artesunate on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling He
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ping Song
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lu-Lin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yun-Meng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division of Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fu-Long Liao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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111
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Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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112
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Liu R, Scimeca M, Sun Q, Melino G, Mauriello A, Shao C, Shi Y, Piacentini M, Tisone G, Agostini M. Harnessing metabolism of hepatic macrophages to aid liver regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:574. [PMID: 37644019 PMCID: PMC10465526 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a dynamic and regulated process that involves inflammation, granulation, and tissue remodeling. Hepatic macrophages, abundantly distributed in the liver, are essential components that actively participate in each step to orchestrate liver regeneration. In the homeostatic liver, resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) acquire a tolerogenic phenotype and contribute to immunological tolerance. Following toxicity-induced damage or physical resection, Kupffer cells as well as monocyte-derived macrophages can be activated and promote an inflammatory process that supports the survival and activation of hepatic myofibroblasts and thus promotes scar tissue formation. Subsequently, these macrophages, in turn, exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects critical to extracellular matrix remodeling during the resolution stage. However, continuous damage-induced chronic inflammation generally leads to hepatic macrophage dysfunction, which exacerbates hepatocellular injury and triggers further liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Emerging macrophage-targeting strategies have shown efficacy in both preclinical and clinical studies. Increasing evidence indicates that metabolic rewiring provides substrates for epigenetic modification, which endows monocytes/macrophages with prolonged "innate immune memory". Therefore, it is reasonable to conceive novel therapeutic strategies for metabolically reprogramming macrophages and thus mediate a homeostatic or reparative process for hepatic inflammation management and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Science; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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113
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Garcia NA, Mellergaard M, Gonzalez-King H, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive Strategy for Identifying Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins as Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13326. [PMID: 37686134 PMCID: PMC10487973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder that has become a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates in biomarker discovery, as they carry proteins that reflect the pathophysiological state of the liver. In this review, we developed a list of EV proteins that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. We employed a multi-step strategy that involved reviewing and comparing various sources of information. Firstly, we reviewed papers that have studied EVs proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD and papers that have studied circulating proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD. To further identify potential candidates, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to qualify each protein. Finally, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to search for candidates' localization, focusing on membrane proteins. By integrating these sources of information, we developed a comprehensive list of potential EVs membrane protein biomarkers that could aid in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD. In conclusion, our multi-step strategy for identifying EV-based protein biomarkers for NAFLD provides a comprehensive approach that can also be applied to other diseases. The protein candidates identified through this approach could have significant implications for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD and improve the management and treatment of this prevalent liver disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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114
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Allameh A, Niayesh-Mehr R, Aliarab A, Sebastiani G, Pantopoulos K. Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1653. [PMID: 37759956 PMCID: PMC10525124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The disruption of redox balance causes oxidative stress, which affects liver function, modulates inflammatory pathways and contributes to disease. Thus, oxidative stress is implicated in acute liver injury and in the pathogenesis of prevalent infectious or metabolic chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in liver disease progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we provide an overview on the effects of oxidative stress on liver pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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115
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Padiadpu J, Spooner MH, Li Z, Newman N, Löhr CV, Apperson KD, Dzutsev A, Trinchieri G, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Jump DB. Early transcriptome changes associated with western diet induced NASH in Ldlr-/- mice points to activation of hepatic macrophages and an acute phase response. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147602. [PMID: 37609485 PMCID: PMC10440380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identifying early gene indicators contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD has the potential to develop novel targets for early therapeutic intervention. We report on the early and late transcriptomic signatures of western diet (WD)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1 week and 40 weeks on the WD. Control Ldlr-/- mice were maintained on a low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. Methods The approach included quantitation of anthropometric and hepatic histology markers of disease as well as the hepatic transcriptome. Results Only mice fed the WD for 40 weeks revealed evidence of NASH, i.e., hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. RNASeq transcriptome analysis, however, revealed multiple cell-specific changes in gene expression after 1 week that persisted to 40 weeks on the WD. These early markers of disease include induction of acute phase response (Saa1-2, Orm2), fibrosis (Col1A1, Col1A2, TGFβ) and NASH associated macrophage (NAM, i.e., Trem2 high, Mmp12 low). We also noted the induction of transcripts associated with metabolic syndrome, including Mmp12, Trem2, Gpnmb, Lgals3 and Lpl. Finally, 1 week of WD feeding was sufficient to significantly induce TNFα, a cytokine involved in both hepatic and systemic inflammation. Conclusion This study revealed early onset changes in the hepatic transcriptome that develop well before any anthropometric or histological evidence of NALFD or NASH and pointed to cell-specific targeting for the prevention of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Padiadpu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nolan Newman
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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116
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McConnell MJ, Kostallari E, Ibrahim SH, Iwakiri Y. The evolving role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver health and disease. Hepatology 2023; 78:649-669. [PMID: 36626620 PMCID: PMC10315420 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
LSECs are a unique population of endothelial cells within the liver and are recognized as key regulators of liver homeostasis. LSECs also play a key role in liver disease, as dysregulation of their quiescent phenotype promotes pathological processes within the liver including inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Recent technical advances in single-cell analysis have characterized distinct subpopulations of the LSECs themselves with a high resolution and defined their gene expression profile and phenotype, broadening our understanding of their mechanistic role in liver biology. This article will review 4 broad advances in our understanding of LSEC biology in general: (1) LSEC heterogeneity, (2) LSEC aging and senescence, (3) LSEC role in liver regeneration, and (4) LSEC role in liver inflammation and will then review the role of LSECs in various liver pathologies including fibrosis, DILI, alcohol-associated liver disease, NASH, viral hepatitis, liver transplant rejection, and ischemia reperfusion injury. The review will conclude with a discussion of gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McConnell
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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117
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Affo S, Filliol A, Gores GJ, Schwabe RF. Fibroblasts in liver cancer: functions and therapeutic translation. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:748-759. [PMID: 37385282 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of fibroblasts in the premalignant or malignant liver is a characteristic feature of liver cancer, but has not been therapeutically leveraged despite evidence for pathophysiologically relevant roles in tumour growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a largely non-desmoplastic tumour, in which fibroblasts accumulate predominantly in the pre-neoplastic fibrotic liver and regulate the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma development through a balance of tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting mediators. By contrast, cholangiocarcinoma is desmoplastic, with cancer-associated fibroblasts contributing to tumour growth. Accordingly, restoring the balance from tumour-promoting to tumour-suppressive fibroblasts and mediators might represent a strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention, whereas in cholangiocarcinoma, fibroblasts and their mediators could be leveraged for tumour treatment. Importantly, fibroblast mediators regulating hepatocellular carcinoma development might exert opposite effects on cholangiocarcinoma growth. This Review translates the improved understanding of tumour-specific, location-specific, and stage-specific roles of fibroblasts and their mediators in liver cancer into novel and rational therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Affo
- Department of Liver, Digestive System, and Metabolism, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aveline Filliol
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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118
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Guo Q, Wu J, Wang Q, Huang Y, Chen L, Gong J, Du M, Cheng G, Lu T, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Xia F, Zhang J, Chen J, Qiu F, Wang J. Single-cell transcriptome analysis uncovers underlying mechanisms of acute liver injury induced by tripterygium glycosides tablet in mice. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:908-925. [PMID: 37719192 PMCID: PMC10499593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablet (TGT), the classical commercial drug of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. has been effectively used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, leprosy, Behcet's syndrome, leprosy reaction and autoimmune hepatitis. However, due to its narrow and limited treatment window, TGT-induced organ toxicity (among which liver injury accounts for about 40% of clinical reports) has gained increasing attention. The present study aimed to clarify the cellular and molecular events underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology. The TGT-induced acute liver injury mouse model was constructed through short-term TGT exposure and further verified by hematoxylin-eosin staining and liver function-related serum indicators, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Using the mouse model, we identified 15 specific subtypes of cells in the liver tissue, including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and hepatic stellate cells. Further analysis indicated that TGT caused a significant inflammatory response in liver endothelial cells at different spatial locations; led to marked inflammatory response, apoptosis and fatty acid metabolism dysfunction in hepatocytes; activated hepatic stellate cells; brought about the activation, inflammation, and phagocytosis of liver capsular macrophages cells; resulted in immune dysfunction of liver lymphocytes; disturbed the intercellular crosstalk in liver microenvironment by regulating various signaling pathways. Thus, these findings elaborate the mechanism underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury, provide new insights into the safe and rational applications in the clinic, and complement the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Maobo Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Minghong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Chong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
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Yu L, Yan J, Zhan Y, Li A, Zhu L, Qian J, Zhou F, Lu X, Fan X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dynamics of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in autoprotection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:926-941. [PMID: 37719199 PMCID: PMC10499594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the dynamics and functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in autoprotection against DILI, using acetaminophen (APAP) as a model drug. Autoprotection was modeled through pretreatment with a mildly hepatotoxic dose of APAP in mice, followed by a higher dose in a secondary challenge. NPC subsets and dynamic changes were identified in the APAP (hepatotoxicity-sensitive) and APAP-resistant (hepatotoxicity-resistant) groups. A chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2+ endothelial cell subset almost disappeared in the APAP-resistant group, and an R-spondin 3+ endothelial cell subset promoted hepatocyte proliferation and played an important role in APAP autoprotection. Moreover, the dendritic cell subset DC-3 may protect the liver from APAP hepatotoxicity by inducing low reactivity and suppressing the autoimmune response and occurrence of inflammation. DC-3 cells also promoted angiogenesis through crosstalk with endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor-associated ligand-receptor pairs and facilitated liver tissue repair in the APAP-resistant group. In addition, the natural killer cell subsets NK-3 and NK-4 and the Sca-1-CD62L+ natural killer T cell subset may promote autoprotection through interferon-γ-dependent pathways. Furthermore, macrophage and neutrophil subpopulations with anti-inflammatory phenotypes promoted tolerance to APAP hepatotoxicity. Overall, this study reveals the dynamics of NPCs in the resistance to APAP hepatotoxicity and provides novel insights into the mechanism of autoprotection against DILI at a high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingqi Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anyao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingyang Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150023, China
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120
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Jin L, Han S, Lv X, Li X, Zhang Z, Kuang H, Chen Z, Lv CA, Peng W, Yang Z, Yang M, Mi L, Liu T, Ma S, Qiu X, Wang Q, Pan X, Shan P, Feng Y, Li J, Wang F, Xie L, Zhao X, Fu JF, Lin JD, Meng ZX. The muscle-enriched myokine Musclin impairs beige fat thermogenesis and systemic energy homeostasis via Tfr1/PKA signaling in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4257. [PMID: 37468484 PMCID: PMC10356794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and thermogenic adipose tissue are both critical for the maintenance of body temperature in mammals. However, whether these two tissues are interconnected to modulate thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis in response to thermal stress remains inconclusive. Here, we report that human and mouse obesity is associated with elevated Musclin levels in both muscle and circulation. Intriguingly, muscle expression of Musclin is markedly increased or decreased when the male mice are housed in thermoneutral or chronic cool conditions, respectively. Beige fat is then identified as the primary site of Musclin action. Muscle-transgenic or AAV-mediated overexpression of Musclin attenuates beige fat thermogenesis, thereby exacerbating diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in male mice. Conversely, Musclin inactivation by muscle-specific ablation or neutralizing antibody treatment promotes beige fat thermogenesis and improves metabolic homeostasis in male mice. Mechanistically, Musclin binds to transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) and antagonizes Tfr1-mediated cAMP/PKA-dependent thermogenic induction in beige adipocytes. This work defines the temperature-sensitive myokine Musclin as a negative regulator of adipose thermogenesis that exacerbates the deterioration of metabolic health in obese male mice and thus provides a framework for the therapeutic targeting of this endocrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Cheng-An Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Shengshan Ma
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Guerra P, Martini A, Pontisso P, Angeli P. Novel Molecular Targets for Immune Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3629. [PMID: 37509293 PMCID: PMC10377787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC is increasing worldwide, and the lack of effective screening programs often results in delayed diagnosis, making it a challenging disease to manage. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for different kinds of cancers, with the potential to stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells. However, the current immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC have shown limited efficacy. Since HCC arises within a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) characterized by the presence of various immune and stromal cell types, the understanding of this interaction is crucial for the identification of effective therapy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the TME of HCC and the immune cells involved in anti-tumour responses, including the identification of new possible targets for immunotherapy. We illustrate a possible classification of HCC based on the tumour immune infiltration and give evidence about the role of SerpinB3, a serine protease inhibitor involved in the regulation of the immune response in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Guerra
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Martini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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122
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Zou J, Li J, Zhong X, Tang D, Fan X, Chen R. Liver in infections: a single-cell and spatial transcriptomics perspective. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:53. [PMID: 37430371 PMCID: PMC10332047 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an immune organ that plays a vital role in the detection, capture, and clearance of pathogens and foreign antigens that invade the human body. During acute and chronic infections, the liver transforms from a tolerant to an active immune state. The defence mechanism of the liver mainly depends on a complicated network of intrahepatic and translocated immune cells and non-immune cells. Therefore, a comprehensive liver cell atlas in both healthy and diseased states is needed for new therapeutic target development and disease intervention improvement. With the development of high-throughput single-cell technology, we can now decipher heterogeneity, differentiation, and intercellular communication at the single-cell level in sophisticated organs and complicated diseases. In this concise review, we aimed to summarise the advancement of emerging high-throughput single-cell technologies and re-define our understanding of liver function towards infections, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Plasmodium, schistosomiasis, endotoxemia, and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We also unravel previously unknown pathogenic pathways and disease mechanisms for the development of new therapeutic targets. As high-throughput single-cell technologies mature, their integration into spatial transcriptomics, multiomics, and clinical data analysis will aid in patient stratification and in developing effective treatment plans for patients with or without liver injury due to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Zernecke A, Erhard F, Weinberger T, Schulz C, Ley K, Saliba AE, Cochain C. Integrated single-cell analysis-based classification of vascular mononuclear phagocytes in mouse and human atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1676-1689. [PMID: 36190844 PMCID: PMC10325698 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes [monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs)] in the vessel wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Using integrated single-cell analysis of mouse and human atherosclerosis, we here aimed to refine the nomenclature of mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerotic vessels and to compare their transcriptomic profiles in mouse and human disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We integrated 12 single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of immune cells isolated from healthy or atherosclerotic mouse aortas, and data from 11 patients (n = 4 coronary vessels, n = 7 carotid endarterectomy specimens) from two studies. Integration of mouse data identified subpopulations with discrete transcriptomic signatures within previously described populations of aortic resident (Lyve1), inflammatory (Il1b), as well as foamy (Trem2hi) macrophages. We identified unique transcriptomic features distinguishing aortic intimal resident macrophages from atherosclerosis-associated Trem2hi macrophages. Also, populations of Xcr1+ Type 1 classical DCs (cDC1), Cd209a+ cDC2, and mature DCs (Ccr7, Fscn1) with a 'mreg-DC' signature were detected. In humans, we uncovered macrophage and DC populations with gene expression patterns similar to those observed in mice. In particular, core transcripts of the foamy/Trem2hi signature (TREM2, SPP1, GPNMB, CD9) mapped to a specific population of macrophages in human lesions. Comparison of mouse and human data and direct cross-species data integration suggested transcriptionally similar macrophage and DC populations in mice and humans. CONCLUSIONS We refined the nomenclature of mononuclear phagocytes in mouse atherosclerotic vessels, and show conserved transcriptomic features of macrophages and DCs in atherosclerosis in mice and humans, emphasizing the relevance of mouse models to study mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weinberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Xie B, Gao D, Zhou B, Chen S, Wang L. New discoveries in the field of metabolism by applying single-cell and spatial omics. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:711-725. [PMID: 37577385 PMCID: PMC10422156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell multi-Omics (SCM-Omics) and spatial multi-Omics (SM-Omics) technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs. Since its emergence in 2009, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries. The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics techniques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience, developmental biology, and cancer research, especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration. In recent years, the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased. The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate, and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention. Here, we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies, and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases. This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Biqiang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Li X, Zhi Y, Li J, Lei X, Ju Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Kong X, Xue F, Zhong W, Chen X, Tang J, Li X, Mao Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal non-parenchymal cell heterogeneity and immune network of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1979-1995. [PMID: 37202523 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in the early phase of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear. Therefore, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to explore the heterogeneity and immune network of NPCs in the livers of mice with AILI. Mice were challenged with saline, 300 mg/kg APAP, or 750 mg/kg APAP (n = 3 for each group). After 3 h, the liver samples were collected, digested, and subjected to scRNA-seq. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to confirm the expression of Makorin ring finger protein 1 (Mkrn1). We identified 14 distinct cell subtypes among the 120,599 cells. A variety of NPCs were involved, even in the early stages of AILI, indicating highly heterogeneous transcriptome dynamics. Cholangiocyte cluster 3, which had high deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (Dmbt1) expression, was found to perform drug metabolism and detoxification functions. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells exhibited fenestrae loss and angiogenesis. Macrophage cluster 1 displayed a M1 polarization phenotype, whereas cluster 3 tended to exhibit M2 polarization. Kupffer cells (KCs) exhibited pro-inflammatory effects due to the high expression of Cxcl2. qRT-PCR and western blotting verified that the LIFR-OSM axis might promote the activation of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mkrn1 was highly expressed in the liver macrophages of AILI mice and AILI patients. Interaction patterns between macrophages/KCs and other NPCs were complex and diverse. NPCs were highly heterogeneous and were involved in the immune network during the early phase of AILI. In addition, we propose that Mkrn1 may serve as a potential biomarker of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ju
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaming Kong
- Singleron Biotechnologies Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieting Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Karri K, Waxman DJ. Dysregulation of murine long noncoding single-cell transcriptome in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:977-1006. [PMID: 37015806 PMCID: PMC10275269 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079580.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs comprise a heterogeneous class of RNA-encoding genes typified by low expression, nuclear enrichment, high tissue-specificity, and functional diversity, but the vast majority remain uncharacterized. Here, we assembled the mouse liver noncoding transcriptome from >2000 bulk RNA-seq samples and discovered 48,261 liver-expressed lncRNAs, a majority novel. Using these lncRNAs as a single-cell transcriptomic reference set, we elucidated lncRNA dysregulation in mouse models of high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Trajectory inference analysis revealed lncRNA zonation patterns across the liver lobule in each major liver cell population. Perturbations in lncRNA expression and zonation were common in several disease-associated liver cell types, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated macrophages, a hallmark of fatty liver disease progression, and collagen-producing myofibroblasts, a central feature of liver fibrosis. Single-cell-based gene regulatory network analysis using bigSCale2 linked individual lncRNAs to specific biological pathways, and network-essential regulatory lncRNAs with disease-associated functions were identified by their high network centrality metrics. For a subset of these lncRNAs, promoter sequences of the network-defined lncRNA target genes were significantly enriched for lncRNA triplex formation, providing independent mechanistic support for the lncRNA-target gene linkages predicted by the gene regulatory networks. These findings elucidate liver lncRNA cell-type specificities, spatial zonation patterns, associated regulatory networks, and temporal patterns of dysregulation during hepatic disease progression. A subset of the liver disease-associated regulatory lncRNAs identified have human orthologs and are promising candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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127
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Yang X, Ou Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Shui P, Qing J. Targeting endothelial coagulation signaling ameliorates liver obstructive cholestasis and dysfunctional angiogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1242-1253. [PMID: 37644866 PMCID: PMC10621472 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic fibrogenesis is a pathobiological process in which cumulative injury to the bile ducts coincides with progressive liver fibrosis. The pathobiologic mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis and disease progression remain poorly understood. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver fibrosis. In this study, we discovered that components of the coagulation cascade were associated with the advanced progression of obstructive cholestasis, and anticoagulant therapy could improve liver cholestasis-induced fibrosis. In a mouse model of common bile duct ligation (BDL), which mimics cholestatic liver injury, RNA sequencing analysis revealed an increased expression of coagulation factors in endothelial cells. Pharmacological targeting of the coagulation signaling by hirudin, an anticoagulatory antagonist of thrombin, ameliorated obstructive cholestasis, and attenuated liver fibrosis symptoms. Hirudin attenuated fibrosis-associated angiogenesis, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and tissue hypoxia and reduced liver inflammation after BDL. Furthermore, hirudin suppressed YAP (Yes-associated protein) signaling and its downstream effectors in vascular endothelial cells, which are considered with profibrotic characteristics. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pharmacological targeting of coagulation signaling by hirudin has the potential to alleviate liver obstructive cholestasis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yangying Ou
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fulan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pixian Shui
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jie Qing
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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128
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Han H, Ge X, Komakula SSB, Desert R, Das S, Song Z, Chen W, Athavale D, Gaskell H, Lantvit D, Guzman G, Nieto N. Macrophage-derived Osteopontin (SPP1) Protects From Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:201-217. [PMID: 37028770 PMCID: PMC10986640 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis, all of which increase the risk of progression to end-stage liver disease. Osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) plays an important role in macrophage (MF) biology, but whether MF-derived OPN affects NASH progression is unknown. METHODS We analyzed publicly available transcriptomic datasets from patients with NASH, and used mice with conditional overexpression or ablation of Spp1 in myeloid cells and liver MFs, and fed them a high-fat, fructose, and cholesterol diet mimicking the Western diet, to induce NASH. RESULTS This study demonstrated that MFs with high expression of SPP1 are enriched in patients and mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and show metabolic but not pro-inflammatory properties. Conditional knockin of Spp1 in myeloid cells (Spp1KI Mye) or in hepatic macrophages (Spp1KI LvMF) conferred protection, whereas conditional knockout of Spp1 in myeloid cells (Spp1ΔMye) worsened NASH. The protective effect was mediated by induction of arginase-2 (ARG2), which enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in hepatocytes. Induction of ARG2 stemmed from enhanced production of oncostatin-M (OSM) in MFs from Spp1KI Mye mice. OSM activated STAT3 signaling, which upregulated ARG2. In addition to hepatic effects, Spp1KI Mye also protected through sex-specific extrahepatic mechanisms. CONCLUSION MF-derived OPN protects from NASH, by upregulating OSM, which increases ARG2 through STAT3 signaling. Further, the ARG2-mediated increase in FAO reduces steatosis. Therefore, enhancing the OPN-OSM-ARG2 crosstalk between MFs and hepatocytes may be beneficial for patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harriet Gaskell
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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129
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Balog S, Fujiwara R, Pan SQ, El-Baradie KB, Choi HY, Sinha S, Yang Q, Asahina K, Chen Y, Li M, Salomon M, Ng SWK, Tsukamoto H. Emergence of highly profibrotic and proinflammatory Lrat+Fbln2+ HSC subpopulation in alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2023; 78:212-224. [PMID: 36181700 PMCID: PMC10977045 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Relative roles of HSCs and portal fibroblasts in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are unknown. We aimed to identify subpopulations of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1)-expressing cells in a mouse AH model by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and filtering the cells with the HSC (lecithin retinol acyltransferase [Lrat]) and portal fibroblast (Thy-1 cell surface antigen [Thy1] and fibulin 2 [Fbln2]) markers and vitamin A (VitA) storage. APPROACH AND RESULTS Col1a1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice underwent AH, CCl 4 , and bile duct ligation (BDL) procedures to have comparable F1-F2 liver fibrosis. Col1a1-expressing cells were sorted via FACS by VitA autofluorescence and GFP for single-cell RNA sequencing. In AH, approximately 80% of Lrat+Thy1-Fbln2- activated HSCs were VitA-depleted (vs. ~13% in BDL and CCl 4 ). Supervised clustering identified a subset co-expressing Lrat and Fbln2 (Lrat+Fbln2+), which expanded 44-fold, 17-fold, and 1.3-fold in AH, BDL, and CCl 4 . Lrat+Fbln2+ cells had 3-15-times inductions of profibrotic, myofibroblastic, and immunoregulatory genes versus Lrat+Fbln2- cells, but 2-4-times repressed HSC-selective genes. AH activated HSCs had up-regulated inflammatory (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 2 [Cxcl2], chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2), antimicrobial (Il-33, Zc3h12a), and antigen presentation (H2-Q6, H2-T23) genes versus BDL and CCl 4 . Computational deconvolution of AH versus normal human bulk-liver RNA-sequencing data supported an expansion of LRAT+FBLN2+ cells in AH; AH patient liver immunohistochemistry showed FBLN2 staining along fibrotic septa enriched with LRAT+ cells; and in situ hybridization confirmed co-expression of FBLN2 with CXCL2 and/or human leukocyte antigen E in patient AH. Finally, HSC tracing in Lrat-Cre;Rosa26mTmG mice detected GFP+FBLN2+ cells in AH. CONCLUSION A highly profibrotic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory Lrat+Fbln2+ subpopulation emerges from HSCs in AH and may contribute to the inflammatory and immunoreactive nature of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Balog
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reika Fujiwara
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie Q. Pan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khairat B. El-Baradie
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonal Sinha
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qihong Yang
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowa-cho Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatic Services of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meng Li
- USC Libraries Bioinformatic Services of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Salomon
- Department Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stanley W.-K. Ng
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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130
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Zhao R, Cheng W, Shen J, Liang W, Zhang Z, Sheng Y, Chai T, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yang H, Song C, Pang L, Nan C, Zhang Y, Chen R, Mei J, Wei H, Fang X. Single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of microorganisms on immunity and metabolism in the mouse liver. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3466-3477. [PMID: 38152123 PMCID: PMC10751235 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis is a complex bidirectional communication pathway between the intestine and the liver in which microorganisms and their metabolites flow from the intestine through the portal vein to the liver and influence liver function. In a sterile environment, the phenotype or function of the liver is altered, but few studies have investigated the specific cellular and molecular effects of microorganisms on the liver. To this end, we constructed single-cell and spatial transcriptomic (ST) profiles of germ-free (GF) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mouse livers. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) revealed that the ratio of most immune cells was altered in the liver of GF mice; in particular, natural killer T (NKT) cells, IgA plasma cells (IgAs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) were significantly reduced in GF mice. Spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing (Stereo-seq) confirmed that microorganisms mediated the accumulation of Kupffer cells in the periportal zone. Unexpectedly, IgA plasma cells were more numerous and concentrated in the periportal vein in liver sections from SPF mice but less numerous and scattered in GF mice. ST technology also enables the precise zonation of liver lobules into eight layers and three patterns based on the gene expression level in each layer, allowing us to further investigate the effects of microbes on gene zonation patterns and functions. Furthermore, untargeted metabolism experiments of the liver revealed that the propionic acid levels were significantly lower in GF mice, and this reduction may be related to the control of genes involved in bile acid and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, the combination of sc/snRNA-seq, Stereo-seq, and untargeted metabolomics revealed immune system defects as well as altered bile acid and lipid metabolic processes at the single-cell and spatial levels in the livers of GF mice. This study will be of great value for understanding host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yifei Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Tailiang Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Chunqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Li Pang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Cuoji Nan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Rouxi Chen
- BGI-Sanya, BGI-Shenzhen, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Junpu Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI-Sanya, BGI-Shenzhen, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI-Sanya, BGI-Shenzhen, Sanya 572025, China
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Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis has been dominated by models in which chronic hepatocellular injury is the initiating step as is seen with viral infections. The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the increases in liver fibrosis due to metabolic syndrome driven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has made it a priority to understand how this type of liver fibrosis is similar to, and different from, pure hepatocellular injury driven liver fibrosis. Both types of liver fibrosis have the transformation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) into a myofibroblast as a key step. In metabolic syndrome, there is little evidence that metabolite changes such as high levels of glucose and free fatty acids are directly inducing HSC transdifferentiation, however, metabolite changes may lead to reductions in immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins and Interleukin (IL)-22. Cells of the innate immune system are known to be important intermediaries between hepatocellular damage and HSC transdifferentiation, primarily by producing cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Resident and infiltrating macrophages are the dominant innate immune cells, but others (dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells) also have important roles in inducing and resolving liver fibrosis. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of the adaptive immune system have been identified to have greater profibrotic roles than previously realised by inducing hepatocyte death (auto-aggressive CD8+T) cells and cytokines producing (TH17 producing CD4+T) cells. Finally, the cellular networks present in NASH fibrosis are being identified and suggest that once fibrosis has developed cell-to-cell communication is dominated by myofibroblasts autocrine signalling followed by communication with cholangiocytes and endothelial cells, with myofibroblast-hepatocyte, and myofibroblast-macrophage signalling having minor roles. Such information is essential to the development of antifibrotic strategies for different stages of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wang HW, Tang J, Sun L, Li Z, Deng M, Dai Z. Mechanism of immune attack in the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:494-511. [PMID: 37273249 PMCID: PMC10236992 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are widespread issues in adults, children, and adolescents globally, and have caused a noticeable rise in obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important promotor of the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM. This proinflammatory activation occurs in multiple organs and tissues. Immune cell-mediated systemic attack is considered to contribute strongly to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. This review focused on highlighting recent advances and underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses in the gut, islet, and insulin-targeting organs (adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle) in obesity-related T2DM. There is current evidence that both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the development of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Carlessi R, Denisenko E, Boslem E, Köhn-Gaone J, Main N, Abu Bakar NDB, Shirolkar GD, Jones M, Beasley AB, Poppe D, Dwyer BJ, Jackaman C, Tjiam MC, Lister R, Karin M, Fallowfield JA, Kendall TJ, Forbes SJ, Gray ES, Olynyk JK, Yeoh G, Forrest AR, Ramm GA, Febbraio MA, Tirnitz-Parker JE. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of pre-malignant liver reveals disease-associated hepatocyte state with HCC prognostic potential. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100301. [PMID: 37228755 PMCID: PMC10203275 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to staging chronic liver diseases have limited utility for predicting liver cancer risk. Here, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular microenvironment of healthy and pre-malignant livers using two distinct mouse models. Downstream analyses unraveled a previously uncharacterized disease-associated hepatocyte (daHep) transcriptional state. These cells were absent in healthy livers but increasingly prevalent as chronic liver disease progressed. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis of microdissected tissue demonstrated that daHep-enriched regions are riddled with structural variants, suggesting these cells represent a pre-malignant intermediary. Integrated analysis of three recent human snRNA-seq datasets confirmed the presence of a similar phenotype in human chronic liver disease and further supported its enhanced mutational burden. Importantly, we show that high daHep levels precede carcinogenesis and predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. These findings may change the way chronic liver disease patients are staged, surveilled, and risk stratified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Denisenko
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ebru Boslem
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Köhn-Gaone
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nathan Main
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - N. Dianah B. Abu Bakar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gayatri D. Shirolkar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aaron B. Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel Poppe
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Dwyer
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - M. Christian Tjiam
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Fallowfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy J. Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elin S. Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - John K. Olynyk
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - George Yeoh
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R.R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Janina E.E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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134
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Molgora M, Liu YA, Colonna M, Cella M. TREM2: A new player in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101739. [PMID: 36989543 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
TREM2 is a myeloid cell receptor that has been extensively described in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, TREM2 emerged as a crucial regulator of macrophage function in tumors. TREM2-deficiency or blockade provide protection and promote the response to anti-PD1 in different murine models. In human tumors, TREM2-expressing macrophages are present in numerous cohorts and tumor types and are generally associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of TREM2 in tumors considering current literature, with a focus on both murine models and human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Molgora
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Yizhou A Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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135
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Coulis G, Jaime D, Guerrero-Juarez C, Kastenschmidt JM, Farahat PK, Nguyen Q, Pervolarakis N, McLinden K, Thurlow L, Movahedi S, Duarte J, Sorn A, Montoya E, Mozaffar I, Dragan M, Othy S, Joshi T, Hans CP, Kimonis V, MacLean AL, Nie Q, Wallace LM, Harper SQ, Mozaffar T, Hogarth MW, Bhattacharya S, Jaiswal JK, Golann DR, Su Q, Kessenbrock K, Stec M, Spencer MJ, Zamudio JR, Villalta SA. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identify a macrophage population associated with skeletal muscle fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.18.537253. [PMID: 37131694 PMCID: PMC10153153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The monocytic/macrophage system is essential for skeletal muscle homeostasis, but its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of muscle degenerative disorders. Despite our increasing knowledge of the role of macrophages in degenerative disease, it still remains unclear how macrophages contribute to muscle fibrosis. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics to determine the molecular attributes of dystrophic and healthy muscle macrophages. We identified six novel clusters. Unexpectedly, none corresponded to traditional definitions of M1 or M2 macrophage activation. Rather, the predominant macrophage signature in dystrophic muscle was characterized by high expression of fibrotic factors, galectin-3 and spp1. Spatial transcriptomics and computational inferences of intercellular communication indicated that spp1 regulates stromal progenitor and macrophage interactions during muscular dystrophy. Galectin-3 + macrophages were chronically activated in dystrophic muscle and adoptive transfer assays showed that the galectin-3 + phenotype was the dominant molecular program induced within the dystrophic milieu. Histological examination of human muscle biopsies revealed that galectin-3 + macrophages were also elevated in multiple myopathies. These studies advance our understanding of macrophages in muscular dystrophy by defining the transcriptional programs induced in muscle macrophages, and reveal spp1 as a major regulator of macrophage and stromal progenitor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Coulis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Diego Jaime
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Christian Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Philip K. Farahat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, USA
| | | | - Katherine McLinden
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lauren Thurlow
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Saba Movahedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Jorge Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Andrew Sorn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Elizabeth Montoya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Izza Mozaffar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Chetan P. Hans
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Wallace
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Scott Q. Harper
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Marshall W. Hogarth
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Michael Stec
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Jesse R. Zamudio
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, USA
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136
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Guan D, Bae H, Zhou D, Chen Y, Jiang C, La CM, Xiao Y, Zhu K, Hu W, Trinh TM, Liu P, Xiong Y, Cai B, Jang C, Lazar MA. Hepatocyte SREBP signaling mediates clock communication within the liver. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163018. [PMID: 37066875 PMCID: PMC10104893 DOI: 10.1172/jci163018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic intraorgan communication coordinates environmental signals and the cell-intrinsic clock to maintain organ homeostasis. Hepatocyte-specific KO of core components of the molecular clock Rev-erbα and -β (Reverb-hDKO) alters cholesterol and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes as well as rhythmic gene expression in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) of the liver. Here, we report that in fatty liver caused by diet-induced obesity (DIO), hepatocyte SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) was required for Reverb-hDKO-induced diurnal rhythmic remodeling and epigenomic reprogramming in liver macrophages (LMs). Integrative analyses of isolated hepatocytes and LMs revealed that SCAP-dependent lipidomic changes in REV-ERB-depleted hepatocytes led to the enhancement of LM metabolic rhythms. Hepatocytic loss of REV-ERBα and β (REV-ERBs) also attenuated LM rhythms via SCAP-independent polypeptide secretion. These results shed light on the signaling mechanisms by which hepatocytes regulate diurnal rhythms in NPCs in fatty liver disease caused by DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dishu Zhou
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cam Mong La
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Trang Minh Trinh
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Panpan Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Genetics, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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137
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Meng X, Kuang H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang D, Kang T. A polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula roots attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110180. [PMID: 37068337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work reported the extraction, purification, characterization of a polysaccharide from roots of Codonopsis pilosula (CPP-A-1) and its effect on liver fibrosis. The findings exhibited that the molecular weight of CPP-A-1 was 9424 Da, and monosaccharide composition were glucose and fructose and minor contents of arabinose. Structural characterization of CPP-A-1 has a backbone consisting of→(2-β-D-Fruf-1)n→ (n ≈ 46-47). Treatment with CPP-A-1 inhibited the proliferation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β)-activated human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2), and induced cell apoptosis. We used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to construct mice model of liver fibrosis and subsequently administered CPP-A-1 treatment. The results showed that CPP-A-1 alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis as demonstrated by reversing liver histological changes, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, collagen deposition, and downregulated fibrosis-related collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and inhibited the generation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components by restoring the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitor (TIMPs). Moreover, CPP-A-1 improved anti-oxidation effects detected by promoting liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and Mn-SOD levels, and inhibition of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels. CPP-A-1 also ameliorated the inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6), and expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-11 mRNA). In addition, our results showed that CPP-A-1 inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) signaling pathways. Furthermore, In vitro tests of LX-2 cells demonstrated that CPP-A-1 not only inhibited α-SMA expression with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1 stimulation, but also inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, similar to corresponding small-molecule inhibitors. Therefore, CPP-A-1 might exert suppressive effects against liver fibrosis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, our findings support a possible application of CPP-A-1 for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Preparation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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138
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Wu J, Zhang C, He T, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xie Z, Xu W, Ding C, Shuai Y, Hao H, Cao L. Polyunsaturated fatty acids drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175618. [PMID: 36841284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Non-resolving inflammation, triggered by sustained accumulation of lipids, is an important driving force of NASH. Thus, unveiling metabolic immune regulation could help better understand the pathology and intervention of NASH. In this study, we found the recruitment of neutrophils is an early inflammatory event in NASH mice, following the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NET is an initiating factor which exacerbates inflammatory responses in macrophages. Inhibition of NETs using DNase I significantly alleviated inflammation in NASH mice. We further carried out a metabolomic study to identify possible metabolic triggers of NETs, and linoleic acid (LA) metabolic pathway was the most altered pathway. We re-analyzed published clinical data and validated that LA metabolism was highly correlated with NASH. Consistently, both LA and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were active in triggering NETs formation by oxidative burst. Furthermore, we identified silybin, a hepatoprotective agent, as a potent NETosis inhibitor, which effectively blocked NETs formation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, this study not only provide new insights into metabolism-immune causal link in NASH progression, but also demonstrate silybin as an important inhibitor of NETs and its therapeutical potential in treating NETosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shule Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chujie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubing Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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139
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Fabre T, Barron AMS, Christensen SM, Asano S, Bound K, Lech MP, Wadsworth MH, Chen X, Wang C, Wang J, McMahon J, Schlerman F, White A, Kravarik KM, Fisher AJ, Borthwick LA, Hart KM, Henderson NC, Wynn TA, Dower K. Identification of a broadly fibrogenic macrophage subset induced by type 3 inflammation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd8945. [PMID: 37027478 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central orchestrators of the tissue response to injury, with distinct macrophage activation states playing key roles in fibrosis progression and resolution. Identifying key macrophage populations found in human fibrotic tissues could lead to new treatments for fibrosis. Here, we used human liver and lung single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to identify a subset of CD9+TREM2+ macrophages that express SPP1, GPNMB, FABP5, and CD63. In both human and murine hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis, these macrophages were enriched at the outside edges of scarring and adjacent to activated mesenchymal cells. Neutrophils expressing MMP9, which participates in the activation of TGF-β1, and the type 3 cytokines GM-CSF and IL-17A coclustered with these macrophages. In vitro, GM-CSF, IL-17A, and TGF-β1 drive the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages expressing scar-associated markers. Such differentiated cells could degrade collagen IV but not collagen I and promote TGF-β1-induced collagen I deposition by activated mesenchymal cells. In murine models blocking GM-CSF, IL-17A or TGF-β1 reduced scar-associated macrophage expansion and hepatic or pulmonary fibrosis. Our work identifies a highly specific macrophage population to which we assign a profibrotic role across species and tissues. It further provides a strategy for unbiased discovery, triage, and preclinical validation of therapeutic targets based on this fibrogenic macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ju Wang
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Fisher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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140
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Liu X, Tan S, Liu H, Jiang J, Wang X, Li L, Wu B. Hepatocyte-derived MASP1-enriched small extracellular vesicles activate HSCs to promote liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2023; 77:1181-1197. [PMID: 35849032 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by different etiological agents; dysregulated interactions between hepatocytes and HSCs contribute to this disease. β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) plays an important role in liver fibrosis; however, the effect of ARRB1 on the crosstalk between hepatocytes and HSCs in liver fibrosis is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate how ARRB1 modulates hepatocyte and HSC activation during liver fibrosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Normal and fibrotic human liver and serum samples were obtained. CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis and methionine-choline deficiency-induced NASH models were constructed. Primary hepatocytes and HSCs were isolated, and human hepatic LO2 and stellate LX2 cells were used. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified, and key proteins were identified. ARRB1 was up-regulated in hepatocytes and associated with autophagic blockage in liver fibrosis. ARRB1 increased the release of hepatocyte-derived small EVs by inhibiting multivesicular body lysosomal degradation and activating Rab27A, thereby activating HSCs. Proteomic analyses showed that mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 (MASP1) was enriched in hepatocyte-derived small EVs and activated HSCs via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) signaling. ARRB1 up-regulated MASP1 expression in hepatocytes. MASP1 promoted liver fibrosis in mice. Clinically, MASP1 expression was increased in the serum and liver tissue of patients with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS ARRB1 up-regulates the release of hepatocyte-derived MASP1-enriched small EVs by regulating the autophagic-lysosomal/multivesicular body pathway and Rab27A. Hepatocyte-derived MASP1 activates HSCs to promote liver fibrogenesis through p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling. Thus, MASP1 is a pivotal therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Leijia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research , Guangzhou , China
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141
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Wang L, Zhou K, Wu Q, Zhu L, Hu Y, Yang X, Li D. Microanatomy of the metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by single-cell transcriptomics. J Drug Target 2023; 31:421-432. [PMID: 36847649 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2185626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and comprises non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to the high prevalence and poor prognosis of NASH, it is critical to identify and treat patients at risk. However, the aetiology and mechanisms remain largely unknown, warranting further analysis. METHODS We first identified differential genes in NASH by single-cell analysis of the GSE129516 dataset and conducted expression profiling data analysis of the GSE184019 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then single-cell trajectory reconstruction and analysis, immune gene score, cellular communication, key gene screening, functional enrichment analysis, and immune microenvironment analysis were carried out. Finally, cell experiments were performed to verify the role of key genes in NASH. RESULTS We conducted transcriptome profiling of 30,038 single cells, including hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes from normal and steatosis adult mouse livers. Comparative analysis of hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes revealed pronounced heterogeneity as non-hepatocytes acted as major cell-communication hubs. The results showed that Hspa1b, Tfrc, Hmox1 and Map4k4 could effectively distinguish NASH tissues from normal samples. The results of scRNA-seq and qPCR indicated that the expression levels of hub genes in NASH were significantly higher than in normal cells or tissues. Further immune infiltration analysis showed significant differences in M2 macrophage distribution between healthy and metabolic-associated fatty liver samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Hspa1b, Tfrc, Hmox1 and Map4k4 have huge prospects as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NASH and may be potential therapeutic targets for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kebing Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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142
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00754-7. [PMID: 36932227 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including its more severe manifestation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a global prevalence of 20-25% and is a major public health problem. Its incidence is increasing in parallel to the rise in obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Progression from NASH to NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (~2% of cases per year) is influenced by many factors, including the tissue and immune microenvironment, germline mutations in PNPLA3, and the microbiome. NASH-HCC has unique molecular and immune traits compared with other aetiologies of HCC and is equally prevalent in men and women. Comorbidities associated with NASH, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, can prevent the implementation of potentially curative therapies in certain patients; nonetheless, outcomes are similar in patients who receive treatment. NASH-HCC at the early to intermediate stages is managed with surgery and locoregional therapies, whereas advanced HCC is treated with systemic therapies, including anti-angiogenic therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, we present the latest knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical management of NASH-HCC. We discuss data highlighting the controversy over varying responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors according to underlying aetiology and suggest that the future of NASH-HCC management lies in improved surveillance, targeted combination therapies to overcome immune evasion, and identifying biomarkers to recognize treatment responders.
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143
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Lee KJ, An S, Kim MY, Kim SM, Jeong WI, Ko HJ, Yang YM, Noh M, Han YH. Hepatic TREM2 + macrophages express matrix metalloproteinases to control fibrotic scar formation. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:216-230. [PMID: 36529983 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix such as fibril collagen, causing dysfunction and failure of the liver. Hepatic macrophages play pivotal roles in the transition from inflammatory to restorative properties upon hepatic injury. In particular, scar-associated macrophages (SAMacs) control liver fibrosis with the representative expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). However, the heterogenic SAMac population has not been well characterized yet. This study profiled heterogeneous liver macrophages using public databases of single-cell transcriptomics and found T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing (TIM)4- macrophages exhibited elevated expression of MMPs. Scar-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)2 was positively correlated with MMP expression, suggesting that TREM2+ subsets exert their fibrotic role via MMPs. During the progression of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and drug-induced liver cirrhosis, monocyte-derived TREM2+ macrophages accumulate in the liver with the distinct expression of MMPs. A noticeable expansion of MMP- and TREM2- double positive macrophages was observed in fibrotic scar regions. Consistently, the analysis of single-cell transcriptomics for human cirrhotic livers supported the theory that TREM2+ SAMacs are strongly associated with MMPs. The results could expand the understanding of liver fibrosis and SAMac, offering potential therapeutic approaches for liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sun Myoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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144
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Tian C, Li L, Fan L, Brown A, Norris EJ, Morrison M, Glazer ES, Zhu L. A hepatoprotective role of peritumoral non-parenchymal cells in early liver tumorigenesis. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286886. [PMID: 36728410 PMCID: PMC10040241 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Various 3D models of hepatocytes (HCs) have been established to assess liver functions in vitro. The contribution of the hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), however, is largely neglected in these models. Here, we report a comparative study of hepatic spheroids generated from freshly isolated mouse whole liver cells (WLCs) and HCs (referred to as SphWLC and SphHC, respectively). We found that HC differentiation was preserved better in SphWLC than in SphHC, and, when co-cultured with liver tumor spheroids (SphT), SphWLC showed more potent suppression of SphT growth compared to SphHC. Histological characterization revealed marked activation and accumulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) at the SphWLC:SphT interface. We found that mixing HSCs in both 3D and 2D HC:tumor co-cultures provided potent protection to HCs against tumor-induced cell death. Activation of HSCs at the tumor border was similarly found in liver tumors from both mice and patients. Overall, our study suggests a hepatoprotective role of peritumoral HSCs in liver tumorigenesis and the potential application of SphWLC as a useful 3D model for dissecting the liver's response to tumorigenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Eric J Norris
- STEMCELL Technologies, Vancouver, BC V6A 1B6, Canada
| | - Michelle Morrison
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Liqin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Hildreth AD, Padilla ET, Tafti RY, Legala AR, O'Sullivan TE. Sterile liver injury induces a protective tissue-resident cDC1-ILC1 circuit through cDC1-intrinsic cGAS-STING-dependent IL-12 production. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112141. [PMID: 36807146 PMCID: PMC10435668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells are critical to the initiation and potentiation of inflammation. However, the tissue-protective cellular communication networks initiated by resident immunity during sterile inflammation are not well understood. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we show the liver-resident cell connectome and signalome during acute liver injury. These analyses identify Il12b as a central regulator of liver injury-associated changes in gene expression. Interleukin (IL)-12 produced by conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) is required for protection during acute injury through activation of interferon (IFN)-γ production by liver-resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). Using a targeted in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screen of innate immune sensing pathways, we find that cDC1-intrinsic cGAS-STING signaling acts upstream of IL-12 production to initiate early protective immune responses. Our study identifies the core communication hubs initiated by tissue-resident innate immune cells during sterile inflammation in vivo and implicates cDC1-derived IL-12 as an important regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hildreth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eddie T Padilla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rana Yakhshi Tafti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akshara R Legala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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146
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Wiering L, Subramanian P, Hammerich L. Hepatic Stellate Cells: Dictating Outcome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1277-1292. [PMID: 36828280 PMCID: PMC10148161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast growing, chronic liver disease affecting ∼25% of the global population. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity ranges from the less severe simple hepatic steatosis to the more advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The presence of NASH predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis, which can further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This makes hepatic fibrosis an important indicator of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH. Hepatic stellate cell activation dictates fibrosis development during NASH. Here, we discuss recent advances in the analysis of the profibrogenic pathways and mediators of hepatic stellate cell activation and inactivation, which ultimately determine the course of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leke Wiering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallavi Subramanian
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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147
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Bai YM, Yang F, Luo P, Xie LL, Chen JH, Guan YD, Zhou HC, Xu TF, Hao HW, Chen B, Zhao JH, Liang CL, Dai LY, Geng QS, Wang JG. Single-cell transcriptomic dissection of the cellular and molecular events underlying the triclosan-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:7. [PMID: 36814339 PMCID: PMC9945401 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS], a common antimicrobial additive in many personal care and health care products, is frequently detected in human blood and urine. Therefore, it has been considered an emerging and potentially toxic pollutant in recent years. Long-term exposure to TCS has been suggested to exert endocrine disruption effects, and promote liver fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed at clarifying the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity effect of TCS at the initiation stage. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to different dosages of TCS for 2 weeks and the organ toxicity was evaluated by various measurements including complete blood count, histological analysis and TCS quantification. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was then carried out on TCS- or mock-treated mouse livers to delineate the TCS-induced hepatotoxicity. The acquired single-cell transcriptomic data were analyzed from different aspects including differential gene expression, transcription factor (TF) regulatory network, pseudotime trajectory, and cellular communication, to systematically dissect the molecular and cellular events after TCS exposure. To verify the TCS-induced liver fibrosis, the expression levels of key fibrogenic proteins were examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining. In addition, normal hepatocyte cell MIHA and hepatic stellate cell LX-2 were used as in vitro cell models to experimentally validate the effects of TCS by immunological, proteomic and metabolomic technologies. RESULTS We established a relatively short term TCS exposure murine model and found the TCS mainly accumulated in the liver. The scRNA-seq performed on the livers of the TCS-treated and control group profiled the gene expressions of > 76,000 cells belonging to 13 major cell types. Among these types, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were significantly increased in TCS-treated group. We found that TCS promoted fibrosis-associated proliferation of hepatocytes, in which Gata2 and Mef2c are the key driving TFs. Our data also suggested that TCS induced the proliferation and activation of HSCs, which was experimentally verified in both liver tissue and cell model. In addition, other changes including the dysfunction and capillarization of endothelial cells, an increase of fibrotic characteristics in B plasma cells, and M2 phenotype-skewing of macrophage cells, were also deduced from the scRNA-seq analysis, and these changes are likely to contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis. Lastly, the key differential ligand-receptor pairs involved in cellular communications were identified and we confirmed the role of GAS6_AXL interaction-mediated cellular communication in promoting liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS TCS modulates the cellular activities and fates of several specific cell types (including hepatocytes, HSCs, endothelial cells, B cells, Kupffer cells and liver capsular macrophages) in the liver, and regulates the ligand-receptor interactions between these cells, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of HSCs, leading to liver fibrosis. Overall, we provide the first comprehensive single-cell atlas of mouse livers in response to TCS and delineate the key cellular and molecular processes involved in TCS-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Meng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lu-Lin Xie
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu-Dong Guan
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Hui-Wen Hao
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cai-Ling Liang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ling-Yun Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Qing-Shan Geng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China.
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148
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Cao L, Wu D, Qin L, Tan D, Fan Q, Jia X, Yang M, Zhou T, Feng C, Lu Y, He Y. Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Profiling of Liver Cells of Short-Term Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054344. [PMID: 36901774 PMCID: PMC10002329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is currently considered a global healthcare problem with limited pharmacological treatment options. There are abundant cell types in the liver, such as hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and so on, but little is known about which kind of liver cells play the most important role in the process of ALD. To obtain a cellular resolution of alcoholic liver injury pathogenesis, 51,619 liver single-cell transcriptomes (scRNA-seq) with different alcohol consumption durations were investigated, 12 liver cell types were identified, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the alcoholic liver injury were revealed. We found that more aberrantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were present in hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells than in other cell types in alcoholic treatment mice. Alcohol promoted the pathological processes of liver injury; the specific mechanisms involved: lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hypoxia, complementation and anticoagulation, and hepatocyte energy metabolism on hepatocytes; NO production, immune regulation, epithelial and cell migration on endothelial cells; antigen presentation and energy metabolism on Kupffer cells, based on the GO analysis. In addition, our results showed that some transcription factors (TFs) are activated in alcohol-treated mice. In conclusion, our study improves the understanding of liver cell heterogeneity in alcohol-fed mice at the single-cell level. It has potential value for understanding key molecular mechanisms and improving current prevention and treatment strategies for short-term alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Cao
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qingjie Fan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Jia
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence:
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149
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Podlesny-Drabiniok A, Novikova G, Liu Y, Dunst J, Temizer R, Giannarelli C, Marro S, Kreslavsky T, Marcora E, Goate AM. BHLHE40/41 regulate macrophage/microglia responses associated with Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of lipid-rich tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528372. [PMID: 36824752 PMCID: PMC9948946 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic and experimental evidence strongly implicates myeloid cells in the etiology of AD and suggests that AD-associated alleles and genes may modulate disease risk by altering the transcriptional and cellular responses of macrophages (like microglia) to damage of lipid-rich tissues (like the brain). Specifically, recent single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/nRNA-seq) studies identified a transcriptionally distinct state of subsets of macrophages in aging or degenerating brains (usually referred to as disease-associated microglia or DAM) and in other diseased lipid-rich tissues (e.g., obese adipose tissue, fatty liver, and atherosclerotic plaques). We collectively refer to these subpopulations as lipid-associated macrophages or LAMs. Importantly, this particular activation state is characterized by increased expression of genes involved in the phagocytic clearance of lipid-rich cellular debris (efferocytosis), including several AD risk genes. Methods We used sc/nRNA-seq data from human and mouse microglia from healthy and diseased brains and macrophages from other lipid-rich tissues to reconstruct gene regulatory networks and identify transcriptional regulators whose regulons are enriched for LAM response genes (LAM TFs) across species. We then used gene knock-down/knock-out strategies to validate some of these LAM TFs in human THP-1 macrophages and iPSC-derived microglia in vitro, as well as mouse microglia in vivo. Results We nominate 11 strong candidate LAM TFs shared across human and mouse networks (BHLHE41, HIF1A, ID2, JUNB, MAF, MAFB, MEF2A, MEF2C, NACA, POU2F2 and SPI1). We also demonstrate a strong enrichment of AD risk alleles in the cistrome of BHLHE41 (and its close homolog BHLHE40), thus implicating its regulon in the modulation of disease susceptibility. Loss or reduction of BHLHE40/41 expression in human THP-1 macrophages and iPSC-derived microglia, as well as loss of Bhlhe40/41 in mouse microglia led to increased expression of LAM response genes, specifically those involved in cholesterol clearance and lysosomal processing, with a concomitant increase in cholesterol efflux and storage, as well as lysosomal mass and degradative capacity. Conclusions Taken together, this study nominates transcriptional regulators of the LAM response, experimentally validates BHLHE40/41 in human and mouse macrophages/microglia, and provides novel targets for therapeutic modulation of macrophage/microglia function in AD and other disorders of lipid-rich tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podlesny-Drabiniok
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- OMNI Bioinformatics Department and Neuroscience Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose Temizer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine (C.G.), Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology (C.G.), Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Samuele Marro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alison Mary Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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150
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Yang X, Batmanov K, Hu W, Zhu K, Tom AY, Guan D, Jiang C, Cheng L, McCright SJ, Yang EC, Lanza MR, Liu Y, Hill DA, Lazar MA. Hepatocytes demarcated by EphB2 contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadc9653. [PMID: 36753562 PMCID: PMC10234568 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc9653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have failed to alleviate liver fibrosis, which is a devastating feature leading to hepatic dysfunction. Here, we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics and epigenomics to characterize all major liver cell types during NASH development in mice and humans. The bifurcation of hepatocyte trajectory with NASH progression was conserved between mice and humans. At the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) stage, hepatocytes exhibited metabolic adaptation, whereas at the NASH stage, a subset of hepatocytes was enriched for the signatures of cell adhesion and migration, which were mainly demarcated by receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2). EphB2, acting as a downstream effector of Notch signaling in hepatocytes, was sufficient to induce cell-autonomous inflammation. Knockdown of Ephb2 in hepatocytes ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. Thus, EphB2-expressing hepatocytes contribute to NASH progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Tom
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam J. McCright
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Eric C. Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lanza
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yifan Liu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A. Hill
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lead Contact
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