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Kim EJ, Kim YK. Panic disorders: The role of genetics and epigenetics. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:177-190. [PMID: 31435520 PMCID: PMC6690230 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder is characterized by symptoms with abrupt surges of fear with palpitations, sweating, trembling, heat sensations. Considering its disease burden on each individual and on society, understanding its etiology is important. Though no one specific etiology has been known, like other psychiatric disorders, multiple factors such as genetic, environmental, neurobiological, psychopathological factors have been suggested. In this article, we reviewed currently known etiologies and related study results, regarding especially genetic and epigenetic aspects of the panic disorder. Early studies, including twin studies, family studies, adoption studies suggested highly familial trait of panic disorder. Linkage studies, either, found panic disorder is not a single gene disorder but confirmed existence of multiple related genes. Chromosome and candidate gene studies found few related genes, NPY, ADORA2A, COMT, IKBKE. Newer method, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been searching for newer genes. No genome-wide significant genes, however, were detected, confirming previously known candidate genes, NPY5R on 4q31.3-32, BDKRB2 on 14q32, instead. Epigenetic modification has also been studied on many different psychiatric disorders. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) hypomethylation, taken together with negative life events, showed relation with panic disorder. Glutamate decarbodylases 1 (GAD1) hypomethylation was also specific on panic disorder patients. Relation with noradrenaline transporter (NET) gene SLC6a2 promoter methylation has also been studied. In conclusion, no specific gene or epigenetic pattern can fully explain etiology of panic disorder. Few genes and epigenetic patterns, however, showed strong association with panic disorder compared to healthy controls. Considering its multivariable background, further studies with larger populations can confirm current results and clarify etiologies of panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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102
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Bülbül M, Travagli RA. Novel transmitters in brain stem vagal neurocircuitry: new players on the pitch. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G20-G26. [PMID: 29597355 PMCID: PMC6109706 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00059.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen a major increase in the number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides recognized as playing a role in brain stem neurocircuits, including those involved in homeostatic functions such as stress responsiveness, gastrointestinal motility, feeding, and/or arousal/wakefulness. This minireview will focus on the known physiological role of three of these novel neuropeptides, i.e., apelin, nesfatin-1, and neuropeptide-S, with a special emphasis on their hypothetical roles in vagal signaling related to gastrointestinal motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bülbül
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz UniversityAntalya, Turkey
| | - R. Alberto Travagli
- 2Department of Neural and Behavioral Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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103
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Kummer KK, Kalpachidou T, Mitrić M, Langeslag M, Kress M. Altered Gene Expression in Prefrontal Cortex of a Fabry Disease Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:201. [PMID: 30013462 PMCID: PMC6036252 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-chromosome linked hereditary disease that is caused by loss of function mutations in the α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) gene, resulting in defective glycolipid degradation and subsequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in different tissues, including vascular endothelial cells and neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. We recently reported a differential gene expression profile of α-Gal A(−/0) mouse dorsal root ganglia, an established animal model of Fabry disease, thereby providing new gene targets that might underlie the neuropathic pain related symptoms. To investigate the cognitive symptoms experienced by Fabry patients, we performed one-color based hybridization microarray expression profiling of prefrontal cortex samples from adult α-Gal A(−/0) mice and age-matched wildtype controls, followed by protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses for the differentially regulated mRNAs. We found that from a total of 381 differentially expressed genes, 135 genes were significantly upregulated, whereas 246 genes were significantly downregulated between α-Gal A(−/0) mice and wildtype controls. Enrichment analysis for downregulated genes revealed mainly immune related pathways, including immune/defense responses, regulation of cytokine production, as well as signaling and transport regulation pathways. Further analysis of the regulated genes revealed a large number of genes involved in neurodegeneration. The current analysis for the first time presents a differential gene expression profile of central nervous system tissue from α-Gal A(−/0) mice, thereby providing novel knowledge on the deregulation and a possible contribution of gene expression to Fabry disease related brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai K Kummer
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Medical, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theodora Kalpachidou
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Medical, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miodrag Mitrić
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Medical, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michiel Langeslag
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Medical, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Medical, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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104
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Abstract
Neuropeptides are evolutionarily ancient mediators of neuronal signalling that regulate a wide range of physiological processes and behaviours in animals. Neuropeptide signalling has been investigated extensively in vertebrates and protostomian invertebrates, which include the ecdysozoans Drosophila melanogaster (Phylum Arthropoda) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Phylum Nematoda). However, until recently, an understanding of evolutionary relationships between neuropeptide signalling systems in vertebrates and protostomes has been impaired by a lack of genome/transcriptome sequence data from non-ecdysozoan invertebrates. The echinoderms—a deuterostomian phylum that includes sea urchins, sea cucumbers and starfish—have been particularly important in providing new insights into neuropeptide evolution. Sequencing of the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Class Echinoidea) enabled discovery of (i) the first invertebrate thyrotropin-releasing hormone-type precursor, (ii) the first deuterostomian pedal peptide/orcokinin-type precursors and (iii) NG peptides—the ‘missing link’ between neuropeptide S in tetrapod vertebrates and crustacean cardioactive peptide in protostomes. More recently, sequencing of the neural transcriptome of the starfish Asterias rubens (Class Asteroidea) enabled identification of 40 neuropeptide precursors, including the first kisspeptin and melanin-concentrating hormone-type precursors to be identified outside of the chordates. Furthermore, the characterization of a corazonin-type neuropeptide signalling system in A. rubens has provided important new insights into the evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-related neuropeptides. Looking forward, the discovery of multiple neuropeptide signalling systems in echinoderms provides opportunities to investigate how these systems are used to regulate physiological and behavioural processes in the unique context of a decentralized, pentaradial bauplan.
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105
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Baykan H, Baykan Ö, Durmaz O, Kara H, Hişmioğullari AA, Karlidere T. Plasma Neuropeptide-S Levels in Populations Diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Controlled Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:52-56. [PMID: 30911238 DOI: 10.29399/npa.22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a novel neuropeptide reported to be involved in fear-and stress-related conditions and their corresponding neuroendocrine processes. The aim of this study was to compare the plasma NPS levels in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and those of healthy controls. Methods A total of 40 subjects diagnosed with GAD and 40 healthy controls were recruited in the study. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) were administered to all participants to determine the severity of participants' anxiety and concomitant depressive symptoms. The plasma NPS levels were measured from the fasting venous blood samples obtained from each participant. Results The median plasma NPS level was found to be significantly higher in the GAD group in comparison to the control group (28.8 pg/mL as against 19.1 pg/mL, p=0.01). A significant positive correlation was observed between the plasma NPS levels and HAM-A scores (rs=0.23, p=0.04) as well as the GAD-7 scores (rs=0.28, p=0.01). The p-value obtained from the correlation analysis between the plasma NPS levels and HAM-D scores was 0.052. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the plasma NPS levels could enable the identification of GAD with 67.5% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity, when the cut-off value was determined as 25.06 pg/mL. Conclusions Our results support the view that plasma NPS levels, which has demonstrated anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system, is related to the severity of anxiety in GAD and could be considered as a candidate marker for the identification of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Baykan
- Department of Psychiatry, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Baykan
- Department of Clinical Biochemisty, Balıkesir Atatürk State Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Onur Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurology Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayrettin Kara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Adnan Adil Hişmioğullari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Tunay Karlidere
- Department of Psychiatry, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
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106
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Grund T, Neumann ID. Neuropeptide S Induces Acute Anxiolysis by Phospholipase C-Dependent Signaling within the Medial Amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1156-1163. [PMID: 28805209 PMCID: PMC5854792 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an important anxiolytic substance of the brain. However, the signaling pathways downstream of NPS receptor (NPSR) activation, underlying the behavioral effect of NPS, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that bilateral microinfusion of NPS (0.2 nmol/0.5 μl) into the medial amygdala (MeA) of male adult Wistar rats reduced anxiety-related behavior on both the elevated plus-maze and the open field. Moreover, as shown in amygdala tissue micropunches intracerebroventricular infusion of NPS (1 nmol/5 μl) (1) evoked phosphorylation and synthesis of CaMKIIα in relation to reference protein β-tubulin representing Ca2+ influx, and (2) induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2. The NPS-induced anxiolysis was prevented by local inhibition of phospholipase C signaling using U73122 (0.5 nmol/0.5 μl) in the MeA, indicating the behavioral relevance of this pathway. Conversely, local pharmacological blockade of adenylyl cyclase signaling using 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (12.5 nmol/0.5 μl) failed to inhibit the anxiolytic effect of NPS infused into the MeA. Hence, NPS promotes acute anxiolysis within the MeA dependent on NPSR-mediated phospholipase C signaling. Taken together, our study extends the knowledge about the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the potent anxiolytic profile of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grund
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Tel: +49 941 943 3053, Fax: +49 941 943 3052, E-mail:
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107
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Xie JF, Shao YF, Wang HL, Wang C, Cui GF, Kong XP, Wang LX, Chen YN, Cong CY, Chen HL, Hou YP. Neuropeptide S Counteracts Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Sleep Disturbances. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:64. [PMID: 29559896 PMCID: PMC5845547 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed sleep is a common subjective complaint among individuals with anxiety disorders. Sleep deprivation increases general and specific anxiety symptoms among healthy individuals. The amygdala is critical for regulating anxiety and also involved in mediating the effects of emotions on sleep. Neuropeptide S (NPS) and NPS receptors (NPSR) are reported as a novel endogenous arousal and anxiolytic system, but it is unclear yet whether this system is involved in anxiety-like behavior and sleep caused by sleep deprivation, and how it plays anxiolytic effect underlying the comorbid condition. In the present study, we demonstrate that paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induced by modified multiple platform method (MMPM) for 24 h caused anxiety-like behavior, a prolonged sleep latency and subsequent paradoxical sleep (PS) rebound accompanied by an increase in electroencephalogram (EEG) theta (4.5–8.5 Hz) activities across light and dark phase in rats. The increase of PS after PSD was due to an increase of episode number during light phase and both episode number and duration during dark phase. Central action of NPS (1 nmol) attenuated PSD-induced anxiety-like behavior, and altered PSD-induced sleep-wake disturbances through increasing wakefulness, and suppressing PS and EEG theta activities. The reduction in PS time following NPS administration during light phase was because of a decreased episode number. Furthermore, sleep amount in 24 h in PSD rats given NPS was lesser than that given saline. PSD significantly enhanced NPSR mRNA expression level in the amygdala. NPS remarkably increased the number of Fos-ir neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the central amygdala (CeA) and medial amygdala (MeA). The majority of Fos-ir neurons induced by NPS also expressed NPSR. These results suggest that NPSR upregulation in the amygdala is presumably related to the PSD-induced anxiety-like behavior and sleep disturbances, and that NPS counteracts PSD-induced anxiety-like behavior and sleep disturbances possibly through activating the neurons bearing NPSR in the amygdala. In addition, the little sleep increase in PSD rats treated with NPS suggests that NPS can function as an anxiolytic without causing a subsequent sleep rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fan Xie
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Liang Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Fu Cui
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Pan Kong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Xin Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Nong Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yu Cong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lin Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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108
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Elphick MR, Mirabeau O, Larhammar D. Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/3/jeb151092. [PMID: 29440283 PMCID: PMC5818035 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships and evolutionary origins of the heterogeneous assemblage of neuropeptides identified in a range of phyla has presented a huge challenge for comparative physiologists. Here, we review revolutionary insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling that have been obtained recently through comparative analysis of genome/transcriptome sequence data and by ‘deorphanisation’ of neuropeptide receptors. The evolutionary origins of at least 30 neuropeptide signalling systems have been traced to the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. Furthermore, two rounds of genome duplication gave rise to an expanded repertoire of neuropeptide signalling systems in the vertebrate lineage, enabling neofunctionalisation and/or subfunctionalisation, but with lineage-specific gene loss and/or additional gene or genome duplications generating complex patterns in the phylogenetic distribution of paralogous neuropeptide signalling systems. We are entering a new era in neuropeptide research where it has become feasible to compare the physiological roles of orthologous and paralogous neuropeptides in a wide range of phyla. Moreover, the ambitious mission to reconstruct the evolution of neuropeptide function in the animal kingdom now represents a tangible challenge for the future. Summary: A review of the revolutionary advances in our knowledge of the evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems that have been enabled by comparative genomics and neuropeptide receptor deorphanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Genetics and Biology of Cancers Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dan Larhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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109
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Jékely G, Melzer S, Beets I, Kadow ICG, Koene J, Haddad S, Holden-Dye L. The long and the short of it - a perspective on peptidergic regulation of circuits and behaviour. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb166710. [PMID: 29439060 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are the most diverse class of chemical modulators in nervous systems. They contribute to extensive modulation of circuit activity and have profound influences on animal physiology. Studies on invertebrate model organisms, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have enabled the genetic manipulation of peptidergic signalling, contributing to an understanding of how neuropeptides pattern the output of neural circuits to underpin behavioural adaptation. Electrophysiological and pharmacological analyses of well-defined microcircuits, such as the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, have provided detailed insights into neuropeptide functions at a cellular and circuit level. These approaches can be increasingly applied in the mammalian brain by focusing on circuits with a defined and identifiable sub-population of neurons. Functional analyses of neuropeptide systems have been underpinned by systematic studies to map peptidergic networks. Here, we review the general principles and mechanistic insights that have emerged from these studies. We also highlight some of the challenges that remain for furthering our understanding of the functional relevance of peptidergic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sarah Melzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabel Beets
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Joris Koene
- Vrije Universiteit - Ecological Science, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Haddad
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Mailstop 013, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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110
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Jiang JH, Peng YL, Zhang PJ, Xue HX, He Z, Liang XY, Chang M. The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus plays an important role in anxiolytic-like effect of neuropeptide S. Neuropeptides 2018; 67:36-44. [PMID: 29195839 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS), the endogenous neuropeptide ligand of NPSR, has been reported to regulate anxiety-related behavior involved in multiple brain regions, including amygdale, locus coeruleus and Barrington's nucleus. However, little research has been conducted on the anxiolytic-like behaviors of NPS on the hypothalamus, which was an important area in defensive behavior. Here, we investigated a role of hypothalamus in anxiolytic-like behaviors of NPS. We found that NPSR protein of mouse distributed mainly in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). And in the single prolonged stress model (SPS), the results showed that NPS mRNA of the mice exposed to SPS was significantly higher than control, while NPSR mRNA was remarkable lower than control in hypothalamus. Further studies found that NPS intra-VMH infusion dose-dependently (1, 10 and 100pmol) induced anxiolytic effects, using elevated plus maze and open field tests. These anxiolytic effects could be blocked by NPSR antagonist (SHA68), but not by picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) and sacolfen (a GABAB receptor antagonist). Meanwhile, our data showed that the expression of c-Fos was significantly increased in VMH after NPS delivered into the lateral ventricles. These results cast a new light on the hypothalamic nucleus in the anxiolytic-like effect of NPS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Li Peng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pei Jiang Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Xiang Xue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue Ya Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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111
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Domschke K, Akhrif A, Romanos M, Bajer C, Mainusch M, Winkelmann J, Zimmer C, Neufang S. Neuropeptide S Receptor Gene Variation Differentially Modulates Fronto-Limbic Effective Connectivity in Childhood and Adolescence. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:554-566. [PMID: 26503268 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) system contributes to the pathogenesis of anxiety. The more active T allele of the functional rs324981 variant in the neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) is associated with panic disorder (PD) and distorted cortico-limbic activity during emotion processing in healthy adults and PD patients. This study investigated the influence of NPSR1 genotype on fronto-limbic effective connectivity within the developing brain. Sixty healthy subjects (8-21 years) were examined using an emotional go-nogo task and fMRI. Fronto-limbic connectivity was determined using Dynamic Causal Modeling. In A allele carriers, connectivity between the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the right amygdala was higher in older (≥14 years) than that in younger (<14 years) probands, whereas TT homozygotes ≥14 years showed a reduction of fronto-limbic connectivity between the MFG and both the amygdala and the insula. Fronto-limbic connectivity varied between NPSR1 genotypes in the developing brain suggesting a risk-increasing effect of the NPSR1T allele for anxiety-related traits via impaired top-down control of limbic structures emerging during adolescence. Provided robust replication in longitudinal studies, these findings may constitute valuable biomarkers for early targeted prevention of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atae Akhrif
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bajer
- Department of Diagnostical and Interventional Neuroradiology.,Department of Neurology and
| | - Margrit Mainusch
- Department of Diagnostical and Interventional Neuroradiology.,Department of Neurology and
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostical and Interventional Neuroradiology
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Cohen H, Vainer E, Zeev K, Zohar J, Mathé AA. Neuropeptide S in the basolateral amygdala mediates an adaptive behavioral stress response in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder by increasing the expression of BDNF and the neuropeptide YY1 receptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:159-170. [PMID: 29157796 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a regulatory peptide that has anxiolytic and arousal-promoting effects in rodents. We used an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to assess long-term behavioral effects of a single dose of NPS, microinjected into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) 1h following exposure to predator-scent stress (PSS). To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which NPS attenuates behavioral stress responses, expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY-Y1 receptor (NPY-Y1R), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated in the hippocampus. The behavioral and molecular effects of NPS receptor antagonist (NPS-RA), NPY-Y1R antagonist (NPY-Y1RA), or both administered centrally were evaluated in the same manner. Circulating corticosterone levels were measured at different time points following PSS-exposure. Immediate post-exposure treatment with NPS had a marked protective effect; BLA microinfusion of NPS completely abolished the extreme behavioral response to PSS, restored the decreased expression of BDNF and, unexpectedly, PY-Y1R, but didn't affect the decreased expression of NPY. BLA microinfusion of both NPY-Y1RA and NPS-RA together had an additive effect, which completely prevented the anxiolytic effects of NPS in rats exposed to PSS and disrupted the expression of NPY-Y1R in the hippocampus following NPS infusion. It may therefore be hypothesized that NPS acts, directly or indirectly, on both the NPY-Y1R and NPS receptors and that the cross-talk between NPS and NPY-Y1R may be necessary for the anxiolytic effects of NPS post-exposure. The NPS system might thus contribute to a potential endogenous mechanism underlying the shift towards adaptive behavioral response and thereby might be relevant as a pharmacological target for attenuating stress-related sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Ministry of Health Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 4600, Beer-Sheva 84170, Israel.
| | - Ella Vainer
- Ministry of Health Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 4600, Beer-Sheva 84170, Israel
| | - Kaplan Zeev
- Ministry of Health Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 4600, Beer-Sheva 84170, Israel
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Division of Psychiatry, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel, Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sankt Görans Hospital, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Calo' G, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Ferrari F, Pacifico S, Gavioli EC, Salvadori S, Guerrini R. Peptide welding technology - A simple strategy for generating innovative ligands for G protein coupled receptors. Peptides 2018; 99:195-204. [PMID: 29031796 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on their high selectivity of action and low toxicity, naturally occurring peptides have great potential in terms of drug development. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, in particular their half life, are poor. Among different strategies developed for reducing susceptibility to peptidases, and thus increasing the duration of action of peptides, the generation of branched peptides has been described. However, the synthesis and purification of branched peptides are extremely complicated thus limiting their druggability. Here we present a novel and facile synthesis of tetrabranched peptides acting as GPCR ligands and their in vitro and vivo pharmacological characterization. Tetrabranched derivatives of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), N/OFQ related peptides, opioid peptides, tachykinins, and neuropeptide S were generated with the strategy named peptide welding technology (PWT) and characterized by high yield and purity of the desired final product. In general, PWT derivatives displayed a pharmacological profile similar to that of the natural sequence in terms of affinity, pharmacological activity, potency, and selectivity of action in vitro. More importantly, in vivo studies demonstrated that PWT peptides are characterized by increased potency associated with long lasting duration of action. In conclusion, PWT derivatives of biologically active peptides can be viewed as innovative pharmacological tools for investigating those conditions and states in which selective and prolonged receptor stimulation promotes beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Calo'
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Tinoco AB, Semmens DC, Patching EC, Gunner EF, Egertová M, Elphick MR. Characterization of NGFFYamide Signaling in Starfish Reveals Roles in Regulation of Feeding Behavior and Locomotory Systems. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:507. [PMID: 30283399 PMCID: PMC6156427 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides in deuterostomian invertebrates that have an Asn-Gly motif (NG peptides) have been identified as orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptide-S (NPS)-type peptides and protostomian crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-type neuropeptides. To obtain new insights into the physiological roles of NG peptides in deuterostomian invertebrates, here we have characterized the NG peptide signaling system in an echinoderm-the starfish Asterias rubens. The neuropeptide NGFFYamide was identified as the ligand for an A. rubens NPS/CCAP-type receptor, providing further confirmation that NG peptides are orthologs of NPS/CCAP-type neuropeptides. Using mRNA in situ hybridization, cells expressing the NGFFYamide precursor transcript were revealed in the radial nerve cords, circumoral nerve ring, coelomic epithelium, apical muscle, body wall, stomach, and tube feet of A. rubens, indicating that NGFFYamide may have a variety of physiological roles in starfish. One of the most remarkable aspects of starfish biology is their feeding behavior, where the stomach is everted out of the mouth over the soft tissue of prey. Previously, we reported that NGFFYamide triggers retraction of the everted stomach in A. rubens and here we show that in vivo injection of NGFFYamide causes a significant delay in the onset of feeding on prey. To investigate roles in regulating other aspects of starfish physiology, we examined the in vitro effects of NGFFYamide and found that it causes relaxation of acetylcholine-contracted apical muscle preparations and induction of tonic and phasic contraction of tube feet. Furthermore, analysis of the effects of in vivo injection of NGFFYamide on starfish locomotor activity revealed that it causes a significant reduction in mean velocity and distance traveled. Interestingly, experimental studies on mammals have revealed that NPS is an anxiolytic that suppresses appetite and induces hyperactivity in mammals. Our characterization of the actions of NGFFYamide in starfish indicates that NPS/NG peptide/CCAP-type signaling is an evolutionarily ancient regulator of feeding and locomotion.
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Grund T, Goyon S, Li Y, Eliava M, Liu H, Charlet A, Grinevich V, Neumann ID. Neuropeptide S Activates Paraventricular Oxytocin Neurons to Induce Anxiolysis. J Neurosci 2017; 37:12214-12225. [PMID: 29118105 PMCID: PMC6596824 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2161-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide S (NPS) and oxytocin (OXT), represent potential options for the treatment of anxiety disorders due to their potent anxiolytic profile. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the behavioral action of NPS, and present a chain of evidence that the effects of NPS within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are mediated via actions on local OXT neurons in male Wistar rats. First, retrograde studies identified NPS fibers originating in the brainstem locus coeruleus, and projecting to the PVN. FACS identified prominent NPS receptor expression in PVN-OXT neurons. Using genetically encoded calcium indicators, we further demonstrated that NPS reliably induces a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a subpopulation of OXT neurons, an effect mediated by NPS receptor. In addition, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) NPS evoked a significant somatodendritic release of OXT within the PVN as assessed by microdialysis in combination with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay. Finally, we could show that the anxiolytic effect of NPS seen after i.c.v. or intra-PVN infusion requires responsive OXT neurons of the PVN and locally released OXT. Thus, pharmacological blockade of OXT receptors as well as chemogenetic silencing of OXT neurons within the PVN prevented the effect of synthetic NPS. In conclusion, our results indicate a significant role of the OXT system in mediating the effects of NPS on anxiety, and fill an important gap in our understanding of brain neuropeptide interactions in the context of regulation of emotional behavior within the hypothalamus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Given the rising scientific interest in neuropeptide research in the context of emotional and stress-related behaviors, our findings demonstrate a novel intrahypothalamic mechanism involving paraventricular oxytocin neurons that express the neuropeptide S receptor. These neurons respond with transient Ca2+ increase and somatodendritic oxytocin release following neuropeptide S stimulation. Thereby, oxytocin neurons seem essential for neuropeptide S-induced anxiolysis, as this effect was blocked by pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of the oxytocin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grund
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Goyon
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuting Li
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina Eliava
- Division of Neuropeptides (V078), German Cancer Research Center, Central Institute of Mental Health, CellNetwork Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Haikun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Study, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Division of Neuropeptides (V078), German Cancer Research Center, Central Institute of Mental Health, CellNetwork Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany,
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Batran RZ, Dawood DH, El-Seginy SA, Maher TJ, Gugnani KS, Rondon-Ortiz AN. Coumarinyl pyranopyrimidines as new neuropeptide S receptor antagonists; design, synthesis, homology and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:274-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thomasson J, Canini F, Poly-Thomasson B, Trousselard M, Granon S, Chauveau F. Neuropeptide S overcomes short term memory deficit induced by sleep restriction by increasing prefrontal cortex activity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1308-1318. [PMID: 28941995 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) impairs short term memory (STM) that might be related to different processes. Neuropeptide S (NPS), an endogenous neuropeptide that improves short term memory, activates arousal and decreases anxiety is likely to counteract the SR-induced impairment of STM. The objective of the present study was to find common cerebral pathways in sleep restriction and NPS action in order to ultimately antagonize SR effect on memory. The STM was assessed using a spontaneous spatial alternation task in a T-maze. C57-Bl/6J male mice were distributed in 4 groups according to treatment (0.1nmol of NPS or vehicle intracerebroventricular injection) and to 20h-SR. Immediately after behavioural testing, regional c-fos immunohistochemistry was performed and used as a neural activation marker for spatial short term memory (prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus) and emotional reactivity (basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus). Anxiety-like behaviour was assessed using elevated-plus maze task. Results showed that SR impaired short term memory performance and decreased neuronal activation in cingular cortex.NPS injection overcame SR-induced STM deficits and increased neuronal activation in infralimbic cortex. SR spared anxiety-like behavior in the elevated-plus maze. Neural activation in basolateral nucleus of amygdala and ventral hippocampus were not changed after SR.In conclusion, the present study shows that NPS overcomes SR-induced STM deficits by increasing prefrontal cortex activation independently of anxiety-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Thomasson
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Frédéric Canini
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Ecole du Val de Grâce, 1 Place Laveran, Paris, France
| | | | - Marion Trousselard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Ecole du Val de Grâce, 1 Place Laveran, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Chauveau
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
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118
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Kubrak OI, Lushchak OV, Zandawala M, Nässel DR. Systemic corazonin signalling modulates stress responses and metabolism in Drosophila. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160152. [PMID: 27810969 PMCID: PMC5133436 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress triggers cellular and systemic reactions in organisms to restore homeostasis. For instance, metabolic stress, experienced during starvation, elicits a hormonal response that reallocates resources to enable food search and readjustment of physiology. Mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its insect orthologue, adipokinetic hormone (AKH), are known for their roles in modulating stress-related behaviour. Here we show that corazonin (Crz), a peptide homologous to AKH/GnRH, also alters stress physiology in Drosophila. The Crz receptor (CrzR) is expressed in salivary glands and adipocytes of the liver-like fat body, and CrzR knockdown targeted simultaneously to both these tissues increases the fly's resistance to starvation, desiccation and oxidative stress, reduces feeding, alters expression of transcripts of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs), and affects gene expression in the fat body. Furthermore, in starved flies, CrzR-knockdown increases circulating and stored carbohydrates. Thus, our findings indicate that elevated systemic Crz signalling during stress coordinates increased food intake and diminished energy stores to regain metabolic homeostasis. Our study suggests that an ancient stress-peptide in Urbilateria evolved to give rise to present-day GnRH, AKH and Crz signalling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Kubrak
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jinushi K, Kushikata T, Kudo T, Calo G, Guerrini R, Hirota K. Central noradrenergic activity affects analgesic effect of Neuropeptide S. J Anesth 2017; 32:48-53. [PMID: 29128909 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous neuropeptide controlling anxiolysis, wakefulness, and analgesia. NPS containing neurons exist near to the locus coeruleus (LC) involved in the descending anti-nociceptive system. NPS interacts with central noradrenergic neurons; thus brain noradrenergic signaling may be involved in NPS-induced analgesia. We tested NPS analgesia in noradrenergic neuron-lesioned rats using a selective LC noradrenergic neurotoxin, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4). METHODS A total 66 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350-450 g were used. Analgesic effects of NPS were evaluated using hot-plate and tail-flick test with or without DSP-4. The animal allocated into 3 groups; hot-plate with NPS alone intracerebroventricular (icv) (0.0, 1.0, 3.3, and 10.0 nmol), tail-flick NPS alone icv (0.0 and 10.0 nmol), and hot-plate with NPS and DSP-4 (0 or 50 mg/kg ip). In hot-plate with NPS and DSP-4 group, noradrenaline content in the cerebral cortex, pons, hypothalamus, were measured. RESULTS NPS 10 nmol icv prolonged hot plate (%MPE) but not tail flick latency at 30 and 40 min after administration. DSP-4 50 mg/kg decreased noradrenaline content in the all 3 regions. The NA depletion inhibited NPS analgesic effect in the hot plate test but not tail flick test. There was a significant correlation between hot plate latency (percentage of maximum possible effect: %MPE) with NPS 10 nmol and NA content in the cerebral cortex (p = 0.017, r 2 = 0.346) which noradrenergic innervation arisen mainly from the LC. No other regions had the correlation. CONCLUSIONS NPS analgesia interacts with LC noradrenergic neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Jinushi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kushikata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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Ensho T, Nakahara K, Suzuki Y, Murakami N. Neuropeptide S increases motor activity and thermogenesis in the rat through sympathetic activation. Neuropeptides 2017; 65:21-27. [PMID: 28433253 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The central role of neuropeptide S (NPS), identified as the endogenous ligand for GPR154, now named neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), has not yet been fully clarified. We examined the central role of NPS for body temperature, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and adrenal hormone secretion in rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NPS increased body temperature in a dose-dependent manner. Energy consumption and locomotor activity were also significantly increased by icv injection of NPS. In addition, icv injection of NPS increased the peripheral blood concentration of adrenalin and corticosterone. Pretreatment with the β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor blocker timolol inhibited the NPS-induced increase of body temperature. The expression of both NPS mRNA in the brainstem and NPSR mRNA in the hypothalamus showed a nocturnal rhythm with a peak occurring during the first half of the dark period. To examine whether the endogenous NPS is involved in regulation of body temperature, NPSR antagonist SHA68 was administered one hour after darkness. SHA68 attenuated the nocturnal rise of body temperature. These results suggest that NPS contributes to the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ensho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakahara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Noboru Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Martinez-Royo A, Alabart JL, Sarto P, Serrano M, Lahoz B, Folch J, Calvo JH. Genome-wide association studies for reproductive seasonality traits in Rasa Aragonesa sheep breed. Theriogenology 2017; 99:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Optogenetic Investigation of Arousal Circuits. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081773. [PMID: 28809797 PMCID: PMC5578162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation between sleep and wake states is controlled by a number of heterogeneous neuron populations. Due to the topological proximity and genetic co-localization of the neurons underlying sleep-wake state modulation optogenetic methods offer a significant improvement in the ability to benefit from both the precision of genetic targeting and millisecond temporal control. Beginning with an overview of the neuron populations mediating arousal, this review outlines the progress that has been made in the investigation of arousal circuits since the incorporation of optogenetic techniques and the first in vivo application of optogenetic stimulation in hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. This overview is followed by a discussion of the future progress that can be made by incorporating more recent technological developments into the research of neural circuits.
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Roncacè V, Polli FS, Zojicic M, Kohlmeier KA. Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide with cellular actions in arousal and anxiety-related nuclei: Functional implications for effects of NPS on wakefulness and mood. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:292-317. [PMID: 28655610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a peptide recently recognized to be present in the CNS, and believed to play a role in vigilance and mood control, as behavioral studies have shown it promotes arousal and has an anxiolytic effect. Although NPS precursor is found in very few neurons, NPS positive fibers are present throughout the brain stem. Given the behavioral actions of this peptide and the wide innervation pattern, we examined the cellular effects of NPS within two brain stem nuclei known to play a critical role in anxiety and arousal: the dorsal raphe (DR) and laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). In mouse brain slices, NPS increased cytoplasmic levels of calcium in DR and LDT cells. Calcium rises were independent of action potential generation, reduced by low extracellular levels of calcium, attenuated by IP3 - and ryanodine (RyR)-dependent intracellular calcium store depletion, and eliminated by the receptor (NPSR) selective antagonist, SHA 68. NPS also exerted an effect on the membrane of DR and LDT cells inducing inward and outward currents, which were driven by an increase in conductance, and eliminated by SHA 68. Membrane actions of NPS were found to be dependent on store-mediated calcium as depletion of IP3 and RyR stores eliminated NPS-induced currents. Finally, NPS also had actions on synaptic events, suggesting facilitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic presynaptic transmission. When taken together, actions of NPS influenced the excitability of DR and LDT neurons, which could play a role in the anxiolytic and arousal-promoting effects of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Roncacè
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Filip Souza Polli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Minella Zojicic
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Liu X, Si W, Garau C, Jüngling K, Pape HC, Schulz S, Reinscheid RK. Neuropeptide S precursor knockout mice display memory and arousal deficits. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1689-1700. [PMID: 28548278 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of neuropeptide S (NPS) signaling has been found to produce arousal, wakefulness, anxiolytic-like behaviors, and enhanced memory formation. In order to further study physiological functions of the NPS system, we generated NPS precursor knockout mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. NPS-/- mice were viable, fertile, and anatomically normal, when compared to their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. The total number of NPS neurons-although no longer synthesizing the peptide - was not affected by the knockout, as analyzed in NPS-/- /NPSEGFP double transgenic mice. Analysis of behavioral phenotypes revealed significant deficits in exploratory activity in NPS-/- mice. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed attenuated arousal in the hole board test, visible as reduced total nose pokes and number of holes inspected, that was not confounded by increased repetitive or stereotypic behavior. Importantly, long-term memory was significantly impaired in NPS-/- mice in the inhibitory avoidance paradigm. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed mildly increased anxiety-like behaviors in three different tests measuring responses to stress and novelty. Interestingly, heterozygous littermates often presented behavioral deficits similar to NPS-/- mice or displayed intermediate phenotype. These observations may suggest limited ligand availability in critical neural circuits. Overall, phenotypical changes in NPS-/- mice are similar to those observed in NPS receptor knockout mice and support earlier findings that suggest major functions of the NPS system in arousal, regulation of anxiety and stress, and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Wei Si
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Celia Garau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhems-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhems-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer K Reinscheid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhems-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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125
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Kong XP, Wang C, Xie JF, Zhao P, Dai LR, Shao YF, Lin JS, Hou YP. Neuropeptide S reduces propofol- or ketamine-induced slow wave states through activation of cognate receptors in the rat. Neuropeptides 2017; 63:59-66. [PMID: 28228241 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injection of NPS reduces the duration of the ketamine- or thiopental-induced loss of the righting reflex in rats. But the specific EEG activities are unknown. We therefore sought to examine the effects of the NPS-NPSR system on anesthetic-induced characteristics of EEG power spectra and sleep-wake profiles. NPS alone or together with an NPSR antagonist was injected intracerebroventricularly, whereas the propofol (50mg/kg) or ketamine (100mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally. NPS (1 or 2nmol) significantly reduced the amount of propofol-induced EEG delta activity and slow wave states (SWS). NPS (1 or 5nmol) significantly reduced the amount of ketamine-induced SWS and EEG delta activity. Cortical EEG power spectral analysis showed that, in saline-pretreated rats, propofol induced a marked increase in delta (0.5-4Hz) activity, decrease in theta (4.5-8.5Hz) activity, and decrease in high frequency activity (14.5-60Hz), while, in rats pretreated with 1nmol of NPS, the duration of delta activity was reduced, while its spectral pattern was not changed. Whereas injection of ketamine into saline-pretreated rats induced a marked increase in delta (0.5-4Hz) activity, a moderate increase in theta (4.5-8.5Hz) activity, and a marked decrease in high frequency (14.5-60Hz) activity. However, delta activity was reduced while theta activity increased under pretreatment with 1nmol of NPS. The inhibitory effect of NPS on anesthetic-induced SWS was characterized by a reduced SWS episode duration with no significant change in either episode number or latency to SWS. [D-Val5]NPS, an NPSR antagonist (20nmol), significantly attenuated the arousal-promoting effect of 1nmol of NPS, but had no effect on SWS when injected alone. We speculate that NPS significantly reduces anesthetic-induced SWS and EEG slow activity by selective activation of the NPSR, which, in turn, would trigger subsequent arousal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Pan Kong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Rong Dai
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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126
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Ono D, Yamanaka A. Hypothalamic regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. Neurosci Res 2017; 118:74-81. [PMID: 28526553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is one of the most important physiological functions in mammals. It is regulated by not only homeostatic regulation but also circadian clock. Several neuropeptide-producing neurons located in the hypothalamus are implicated in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Among them, orexin/hypocretin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) are a crucial component for maintenance of wakefulness, because lack of orexin function results in narcolepsy, which is a sleep disorder. Recent findings have identified substances that excite or inhibit neural activity of orexin neurons. Furthermore neural projections of the neurons which release these substances have been revealed. In addition to orexin, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH)-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are also implicated in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. MCH neurons are active during sleep but become silent during wakefulness. Recently developed innovative methods including optogenetics and pharmacogenetics have provided substantial insights into the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. In vivo optical recordings and retrograde and anterograde tracing methods will allow us to understand additional details regarding important interactions between these two types of neurons in the LHA and other neurons in the brain. Finally we discuss the circadian clock and sleep/wake cycle. Understanding of the neural networks and its circadian modulation of sleep/wake cycles remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Neuropeptide S (NPS) variants modify the signaling and risk effects of NPS Receptor 1 (NPSR1) variants in asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176568. [PMID: 28463995 PMCID: PMC5413018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to the gain-of-function substitution, Asn(107)Ile (rs324981, A>T), in Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 (NPSR1) have been associated with asthma. Furthermore, a functional SNP (rs4751440, G>C) in Neuropeptide S (NPS) encodes a Val(6)Leu substitution on the mature peptide that results in reduced bioactivity. We sought to examine the effects of different combinations of these NPS and NPSR1 variants on downstream signaling and genetic risk of asthma. In transfected cells, the magnitude of NPSR1-induced activation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathways and downstream gene expression was dependent on the combination of the NPS and NPSR1 variants with NPS-Val(6)/NPSR1-Ile(107) resulting in strongest and NPS-Leu(6)/NPSR1-Asn(107) in weakest effects, respectively. One or two copies of the NPS-Leu(6) (rs4751440) were associated with physician-diagnosed childhood asthma (OR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.49–0.92, p = 0.01) and together with two other linked NPS variants (rs1931704 and rs10830123) formed a protective haplotype (p = 0.008) in the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (2033 children). NPS rs10830123 showed epistasis with NPSR1 rs324981 encoding Asn(107)Ile (p = 0.009) in BAMSE and with the linked NPSR1 rs17199659 (p = 0.005) in the German MAGIC/ISAAC II cohort (1454 children). In conclusion, NPS variants modify asthma risk and should be considered in genetic association studies of NPSR1 with asthma and other complex diseases.
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128
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Bruijnzeel AW. Neuropeptide systems and new treatments for nicotine addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1419-1437. [PMID: 28028605 PMCID: PMC5420481 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mildly euphoric and cognitive enhancing effects of nicotine play a role in the initiation of smoking, while dysphoria and anxiety associated with smoking cessation contribute to relapse. After the acute withdrawal phase, smoking cues, a few cigarettes (i.e., lapse), and stressors can cause relapse. Human and animal studies have shown that neuropeptides play a critical role in nicotine addiction. OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper is to describe the role of neuropeptide systems in the initiation of nicotine intake, nicotine withdrawal, and the reinstatement of extinguished nicotine seeking. RESULTS The reviewed studies indicate that several drugs that target neuropeptide systems diminish the rewarding effects of nicotine by preventing the activation of dopaminergic systems. Other peptide-based drugs diminish the hyperactivity of brain stress systems and diminish withdrawal-associated symptom severity. Blockade of hypocretin-1 and nociceptin receptors and stimulation of galanin and neurotensin receptors diminishes the rewarding effects of nicotine. Both corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists diminish dysphoria and anxiety-like behavior associated with nicotine withdrawal and inhibit stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Furthermore, blockade of vasopressin 1b receptors diminishes dysphoria during nicotine withdrawal, and melanocortin 4 receptor blockade prevents stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. The role of neuropeptide systems in nicotine-primed and cue-induced reinstatement is largely unexplored, but there is evidence for a role of hypocretin-1 receptors in cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. CONCLUSION Drugs that target neuropeptide systems might decrease the euphoric effects of smoking and improve relapse rates by diminishing withdrawal symptoms and improving stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan W. Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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129
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Wan Saudi WS, Sjöblom M. Neuropeptide S reduces duodenal bicarbonate secretion and ethanol-induced increases in duodenal motility in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175312. [PMID: 28384243 PMCID: PMC5383292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier by inducing metabolic and functional changes in epithelial cells. Recently, we showed that neuropeptide S (NPS) decreases duodenal motility and increases mucosal paracellular permeability, suggesting a role of NPS in the pathogenesis of disorders and dysfunctions in the small intestine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NPS on ethanol- and HCl-induced changes of duodenal mucosal barrier function and motility. Rats were anaesthetized with thiobarbiturate, and a 30-mm segment of the proximal duodenum with an intact blood supply was perfused in situ. The effects on duodenal bicarbonate secretion, the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, motility and transepithelial net fluid flux were investigated. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of NPS significantly reduced duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and stimulated mucosal transepithelial fluid absorption, mechanisms dependent on nitrergic signaling. NPS dose-dependently reduced ethanol-induced increases in duodenal motility. NPS (83 pmol·kg-1·min-1, i.v.) reduced the bicarbonate and fluid secretory response to luminal ethanol, whereas a 10-fold higher dose stimulated fluid secretion but did not influence bicarbonate secretion. In NPS-treated animals, duodenal perfusion of acid (pH 3) induced greater bicarbonate secretory rates than in controls. Pre-treating animals with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) inhibited the effect of NPS on bicarbonate secretion. In response to luminal acid, NPS-treated animals had significantly higher paracellular permeability compared to controls, an effect that was abolished by L-NAME. Our findings demonstrate that NPS reduces basal and ethanol-induced increases in duodenal motility. In addition, NPS increases luminal alkalinization and mucosal permeability in response to luminal acid via mechanisms that are dependent on nitric oxide signaling. The data support a role for NPS in neurohumoral regulation of duodenal mucosal barrier function and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Salman Wan Saudi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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130
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Sobanski T, Wagner G. Functional neuroanatomy in panic disorder: Status quo of the research. World J Psychiatry 2017; 7:12-33. [PMID: 28401046 PMCID: PMC5371170 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder.
METHODS Panic disorder (PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al (1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear- and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called “fear network” which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies (from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics.
RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the “fear network” regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. However, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex (ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al (2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. However, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is “imaging genetics”. Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations (polymorphisms) on cerebral function in regions critical for PD. Most recently, imaging genetic studies have not only confirmed the importance of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission in the etiology of PD but also indicated the significance of neuropeptide S receptor, CRH receptor, human TransMEMbrane protein (TMEM123D), and amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2 (ACCN2) genes.
CONCLUSION In light of these findings it is conceivable that in the near future this research will lead to the development of clinically useful tools like predictive biomarkers or novel treatment options.
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Clark SD, Kenakin TP, Gertz S, Hassler C, Gay EA, Langston TL, Reinscheid RK, Runyon SP. Identification of the first biased NPS receptor agonist that retains anxiolytic and memory promoting effects with reduced levels of locomotor stimulation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:69-78. [PMID: 28267583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide S system has been implicated in a number of centrally mediated behaviors including memory consolidation, anxiolysis, and increased locomotor activity. Characterization of these behaviors has been primarily accomplished using the endogenous 20AA peptide (NPS) that demonstrates relatively equal potency for the calcium mobilization and cAMP second messenger pathways at human and rodent NPS receptors. This study is the first to demonstrate that truncations of the NPS peptide provides small fragments that retain significant potency only at one of two single polymorphism variants known to alter NPSR function (NPSR-107I), yet demonstrate a strong level of bias for the calcium mobilization pathway over the cAMP pathway. We have also determined that the length of the truncated peptide correlates with the degree of bias for the calcium mobilization pathway. A modified tetrapeptide analog (4) has greatly attenuated hyperlocomotor stimulation in vivo but retains activity in assays that correlate with memory consolidation and anxiolytic activity. Analog 4 also has a bias for the calcium mobilization pathway, at the human and mouse receptor. This suggests that future agonist ligands for the NPS receptor having a bias for calcium mobilization over cAMP production will function as non-stimulatory anxiolytics that augment memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart D Clark
- University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Terrence P Kenakin
- University of North Carolina, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Steven Gertz
- University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Carla Hassler
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States
| | - Elaine A Gay
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States
| | - Tiffany L Langston
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rainer K Reinscheid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3958, United States; Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Scott P Runyon
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States.
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Streit F, Akdeniz C, Haddad L, Kumsta R, Entringer S, Frank J, Yim IS, Zänkert S, Witt SH, Kirsch P, Rietschel M, Wüst S. Sex-specific association between functional neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) variants and cortisol and central stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:49-56. [PMID: 27883964 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain neuropeptide S (NPS) system has recently generated substantial interest and may be of major relevance for central stress regulation. The NPS receptor (NPSR1) is highly expressed in the limbic system, exogenous NPS exerts pronounced anxiolytic and fear-attenuating effects in rodents and extensive close crosstalk between the NPS system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been demonstrated. In humans, associations between NPSR1 variants and anxiety and panic disorder, as well as amygdala responsiveness to fear- relevant faces and prefrontal cortex activity in a fear conditioning paradigm have been reported. Moreover, a NPSR1 sequence variant was found to be associated with cortisol stress responses in males. Here, we performed a haplotype-based analysis covering three functional NPSR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter (rs2530547), in exon 3 (rs324981) and exon 6 (rs727162) in 277 healthy subjects who were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). A significant sex-specific association with salivary cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress was detected for the common TTC haplotype 2 (frequency of about 20%). In an additional study using an imaging genetics approach, 65 healthy subjects were exposed to a stress paradigm for scanner environments (“ScanSTRESS”). We found a significant and, again, sex-specific interaction between rs324981 (whose minor T-allele is harbored by haplotype 2) and the neural stress response in a cluster close to the parahippocampal gyrus (whole brain corrected). Moreover, as in the TSST sample, NPSR1 variation was associated with salivary cortisol responses (on a trend level) in a sex-specific way. In summary, our preliminary findings in two independent cohorts exposed to different stress paradigms suggest that the NPS system significantly influences acute stress responses and that sequence variation in NPSR1 may contribute to sex differences in stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Streit
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ceren Akdeniz
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leila Haddad
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Kumsta
- Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Josef Frank
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ilona S Yim
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Sandra Zänkert
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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133
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Angermann CE, Kaspar M, Marx A, Kittel-Schneider S, Menhofer D, Störk S, Ertl G, Domschke K, Deckert J, Reif A. A functional variant of the neuropeptide S receptor-1 gene modulates clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in patients with systolic heart failure: results from the Interdisciplinary Network Heart Failure (INH) Study. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 19:314-323. [PMID: 27990720 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Psychopathologies may occur in heart failure (HF) and can be associated with adverse outcomes. Amongst neuropeptide S receptor gene functional sequence variants, the T-allele [asparagine(107)isoleucine, NPSR1 rs324981] has been identified as a risk factor for increased anxiety/overinterpretation of bodily symptoms. We investigated all-cause death and re-hospitalization (composite primary endpoint, CPEP) and healthcare utilization in patients hospitalized for decompensated systolic HF with the TT vs. the AT/AA genotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants in the Interdisciplinary Network Heart Failure programme were eligible if consenting to genetic testing (n = 924) and randomization to usual care (UC, n = 464) or nurse-co-ordinated disease management (DM, n = 460). Follow-up was 180 days (100% complete). Compared with AT/AA carriers (n = 726), TT genotype carriers (n = 198) had more CPEP events [47% vs. 39%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.61, P = 0.044] and were more frequently re-hospitalized (43% vs. 35%, HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02-1.67, P = 0.033); mortality rate was similar in both groups (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.68-1.81, P = 0.664). In subjects undergoing DM, CPEP and re-hospitalization occurred more often in TT (51% and 47%) than in AT/AA carriers (36% and 33%; HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.44-3.19, and HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.52-3.44, genotype/treatment interaction both P = 0.007). Furthermore, TT genotype carriers undergoing DM visited cardiologists and other specialists more often than AT/AA carriers (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005). With UC, event rates did not differ between genotype subgroups. CONCLUSION We identified a psychogenetic determinant of clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization after acute HF, which was modulated by the type of care. Future investigations need to clarify whether NPSR1 genotyping might further enhance the concept of 'personalized' medicine in HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN23325295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Angermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Kaspar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almuth Marx
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Menhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ruzza C, Calò G, Di Maro S, Pacifico S, Trapella C, Salvadori S, Preti D, Guerrini R. Neuropeptide S receptor ligands: a patent review (2005-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:347-362. [PMID: 27788040 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1254195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-residue peptide and endogenous ligand of the NPS receptor (NPSR). This receptor was a formerly orphan GPCR whose activation increases calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. The NPS/NPSR system is expressed in several brain regions where it controls important biological functions including locomotor activity, arousal and sleep, anxiety, food intake, memory, pain, and drug addiction. Areas covered: This review furnishes an updated overview of the patent literature covering NPSR ligands since 2005, when the first example of an NPSR antagonist was disclosed. Expert opinion: Several potent NPSR antagonists are available as valuable pharmacological tools despite showing suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. The optimization of these ligands is needed to speed up their potential clinical advancement as pharmaceuticals to treat drug addiction. In order to support the design of novel NPSR antagonists, we performed a ligand-based conformational analysis recognizing some structural requirements for NPSR antagonism. The identification of small-molecule NPSR agonists now represents an unmet challenge to be addressed. These molecules will allow investigation of the beneficial effects of selective NPSR activation in a large panel of psychiatric disorders and to foresee their therapeutic potential as anxiolytics, nootropics, and analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruzza
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Pacifico
- c Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- c Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- c Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- c Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- c Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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135
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Gan L, Yang B, Mei H. The effect of iron dextran on the transcriptome of pig hippocampus. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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136
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Qi X, Guzhva L, Yang Z, Febo M, Shan Z, Wang KKW, Bruijnzeel AW. Overexpression of CRF in the BNST diminishes dysphoria but not anxiety-like behavior in nicotine withdrawing rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1378-1389. [PMID: 27461514 PMCID: PMC5067082 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Smoking cessation leads to dysphoria and anxiety, which both increase the risk for relapse. This negative affective state is partly mediated by an increase in activity in brain stress systems. Recent studies indicate that prolonged viral vector-mediated overexpression of stress peptides diminishes stress sensitivity. Here we investigated whether the overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) diminishes nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rats. The effect of nicotine withdrawal on brain reward function was investigated with an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. Anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the elevated plus maze test and a large open field. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) pseudotype 2/5 vector was used to overexpress CRF in the lateral BNST and nicotine dependence was induced using minipumps. Administration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine and cessation of nicotine administration led to a dysphoria-like state, which was prevented by the overexpression of CRF in the BNST. Nicotine withdrawal also increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test and large open field test and slightly decreased locomotor activity in the open field. The overexpression of CRF in the BNST did not prevent the increase in anxiety-like behavior or decrease in locomotor activity. The overexpression of CRF increased CRF1 and CRF2 receptor gene expression and increased the CRF2/CRF1 receptor ratio. In conclusion, the overexpression of CRF in the BNST prevents the dysphoria-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal and increases the CRF2/CRF1 receptor ratio, which may diminish the negative effects of CRF on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lidia Guzhva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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137
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Cannella N, Kallupi M, Li HW, Stopponi S, Cifani C, Ciccocioppo R, Ubaldi M. Neuropeptide S differently modulates alcohol-related behaviors in alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2915-24. [PMID: 27235017 PMCID: PMC4935615 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neuropeptide S (NPS) displays unique pharmacological properties and induces both anxiolytic and pro-stress/arousal activities. Previous studies performed using Wistar rats demonstrated that NPS facilitated alcohol and cocaine seeking but did not affect alcohol or cocaine consumption. OBJECTIVES Here, we investigated the effects of NPS in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a rat strain characterized by excessive alcohol consumption comorbid with heightened anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of NPS on operant alcohol self-administration by msP rats compared to Wistar rats. The effect of NPS on cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in msP rats was also evaluated. Finally, using the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze (EPM), we evaluated the effects of NPS on locomotor activity and anxiety. RESULTS NPS reduced alcohol self-administration but did not affect cue-induced reinstatement in the msP rat. In addition, NPS induced reinstatement of extinguished alcohol seeking in Wistar rats without affecting alcohol intake. In the EPM task, NPS, in accordance with its anxiolytic activity, increased the time spent in the open arm of the arena by msP rats, although this effect was not observed in Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the effect of NPS is strongly influenced by the genetic background of the animal. In Wistar rats, NPS acts as a pro-arousal agent to promote the reinstatement of alcohol seeking. However, when alcohol drinking is motivated by or associated with a state of pathological anxiety, NPS attenuates alcohol consumption and seeking due to its anxiolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - Hong Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Building of Experimental Medicine, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, MC, 62032, Italy.
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138
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Reinscheid RK, Xu YL. Neuropeptide S and Its Receptor: A Newly Deorphanized G Protein–Coupled Receptor System. Neuroscientist 2016; 11:532-8. [PMID: 16282594 DOI: 10.1177/1073858405276405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered bioactive peptide that has shed new light on the neurobiology of sleep/wakefulness regulation and anxiety-like behavior. NPS can potently promote arousal and suppress all stages of sleep. This effect might be modulated by NPS receptors expressed in thalamic centers that are relays for transmitting arousing stimuli originating from the brainstem to the cortex. The peptide precursor is expressed most prominently in a novel nucleus located directly adjacent to the nora-drenergic locus coeruleus, a brain structure with well-defined functions in arousal, stress, and anxiety. NPS was also found to induce anxiolytic-like behavior in a battery of four different tests of innate responses to stress. This unique pharmacological profile of NPS offers significant potential for developing new drugs for the treatment of sleep and/or anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K Reinscheid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, 92697-4625, USA.
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139
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MicroRNA’s impact on neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems: small but mighty mediators of anxiety. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1061-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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140
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Santos FN, Pereira CW, Sánchez-Pérez AM, Otero-García M, Ma S, Gundlach AL, Olucha-Bordonau FE. Comparative Distribution of Relaxin-3 Inputs and Calcium-Binding Protein-Positive Neurons in Rat Amygdala. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:36. [PMID: 27092060 PMCID: PMC4823275 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural circuits involved in mediating complex behaviors are being rapidly elucidated using various newly developed and powerful anatomical and molecular techniques, providing insights into the neural basis for anxiety disorders, depression, addiction, and dysfunctional social behaviors. Many of these behaviors and associated physiological processes involve the activation of the amygdala in conjunction with cortical and hippocampal circuits. Ascending subcortical projections provide modulatory inputs to the extended amygdala and its related nodes (or "hubs") within these key circuits. One such input arises from the nucleus incertus (NI) in the tegmentum, which sends amino acid- and peptide-containing projections throughout the forebrain. Notably, a distinct population of GABAergic NI neurons expresses the highly-conserved neuropeptide, relaxin-3, and relaxin-3 signaling has been implicated in the modulation of reward/motivation and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rodents via actions within the extended amygdala. Thus, a detailed description of the relaxin-3 innervation of the extended amygdala would provide an anatomical framework for an improved understanding of NI and relaxin-3 modulation of these and other specific amygdala-related functions. Therefore, in this study, we examined the distribution of NI projections and relaxin-3-positive elements (axons/fibers/terminals) within the amygdala, relative to the distribution of neurons expressing the calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and/or calbindin. Anterograde tracer injections into the NI revealed a topographic distribution of NI efferents within the amygdala that was near identical to the distribution of relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers. Highest densities of anterogradely-labeled elements and relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, medial divisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and in the endopiriform nucleus. In contrast, sparse anterogradely-labeled and relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers were observed in other amygdala nuclei, including the lateral, central and basal nuclei, while the nucleus accumbens lacked any innervation. Using synaptophysin as a synaptic marker, we identified relaxin-3 positive synaptic terminals in the medial amygdala, BST and endopiriform nucleus of amygdala. Our findings demonstrate the existence of topographic NI and relaxin-3-containing projections to specific nuclei of the extended amygdala, consistent with a likely role for this putative integrative arousal system in the regulation of amygdala-dependent social and emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio N Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat ValenciaValencia, Spain; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade TiradentesAracaju, Brazil
| | - Celia W Pereira
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat ValenciaValencia, Spain; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade TiradentesAracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Otero-García
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Sherie Ma
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew L Gundlach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francisco E Olucha-Bordonau
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat ValenciaValencia, Spain; Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume ICastellón, Spain
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Zoicas I, Menon R, Neumann ID. Neuropeptide S reduces fear and avoidance of con-specifics induced by social fear conditioning and social defeat, respectively. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:284-91. [PMID: 27044664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) has anxiolytic effects and facilitates extinction of cued fear in rodents. Here, we investigated whether NPS reverses social fear and social avoidance induced by social fear conditioning (SFC) and acute social defeat (SD), respectively, in male CD1 mice. Our results revealed that intracerebroventricular NPS (icv; 10 and 50 nmol/2 μl) reversed fear of unknown con-specifics induced by SFC and dose-dependently reduced avoidance of known aggressive con-specifics induced by SD. While 50 nmol of NPS completely reversed social avoidance and reinstated social preference, 10 nmol of NPS reduced social avoidance, but did not completely reinstate social preference in socially-defeated mice. Further, a lower dose (1 nmol/2 μl) of NPS facilitated the within-session extinction of cued fear, while a higher dose (10 nmol/2 μl) reduced the expression of cued fear. We could also confirm the anxiolytic effects of NPS (1, 10 and 50 nmol/2 μl) on the elevated plus-maze (EPM), which were not accompanied by alterations in locomotor activity either on the EPM or in the home cage. Finally, we could show that icv infusion of the NPS receptor 1 antagonist D-Cys((t)Bu)(5)-NPS (10 nmol/2 μl) did not alter SFC-induced social fear, general anxiety and locomotor activity. Taken together, our study extends the potent anxiolytic profile of NPS to a social context by demonstrating the reduction of social fear and social avoidance, thus providing the framework for studies investigating the involvement of the NPS system in the regulation of different types of social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rohit Menon
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Zhang HW, Zhou P, Wang KZ, Liu JB, Huang YS, Tu YT, Deng ZH, Zhu XD, Hang YL. Platelet proteomics in diagnostic differentiation of primary immune thrombocytopenia using SELDI-TOF-MS. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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143
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Ubaldi M, Giordano A, Severi I, Li H, Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Ruggeri B, Stopponi S, Ciccocioppo R, Cannella N. Activation of Hypocretin-1/Orexin-A Neurons Projecting to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Paraventricular Nucleus Is Critical for Reinstatement of Alcohol Seeking by Neuropeptide S. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:452-62. [PMID: 26055195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental conditioning is a major trigger for relapse in abstinent addicts. We showed that activation of the neuropeptide S (NPS) system exacerbates reinstatement vulnerability to cocaine and alcohol via stimulation of the hypocretin-1/orexin-A (Hcrt-1/Ox-A) system. METHODS Combining pharmacologic manipulations with immunohistochemistry techniques, we sought to determine how NPS and Hcrt-1/Ox-A systems interact to modulate reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. RESULTS Intrahypothalamic injection of NPS facilitated discriminative cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. This effect was blocked by the selective Hcrt-1/Ox-A antagonist SB334867 microinjected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) but not into the ventral tegmental area or the locus coeruleus. Combining double labeling and confocal microscopy analyses, we found that NPS-containing axons are in close apposition to hypothalamic Hcrt-1/Ox-A positive neurons, a significant proportion of which express NPS receptors, suggesting a direct interaction between the two systems. Retrograde tracing experiments showed that intra-PVN or intra-BNST red fluorobead unilateral injection labeled bilaterally Hcrt-1/Ox-A somata, suggesting that NPS could recruit two distinct neuronal pathways. Confirming this assumption, intra-BNST or PVN Hcrt-1/Ox-A injection enhanced alcohol seeking similarly to hypothalamic NPS injection but to a lesser degree. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the Hcrt-1/Ox-A neurocircuitry mediating the facilitation of cue-induced reinstatement by NPS involves structures critically involved in stress regulation such as the PVN and the BNST. These findings open to the tempting hypothesis of a role of the NPS system in modulating the interactions between stress and environmental conditioning factors in drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | | | - Barbara Ruggeri
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | | | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany..
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Jüngling K, Blaesse P, Goedecke L, Pape HC. Dynorphin-Dependent Reduction of Excitability and Attenuation of Inhibitory Afferents of NPS Neurons in the Pericoerulear Region of Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:61. [PMID: 27013974 PMCID: PMC4786570 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuropeptide S system, consisting of the 20-amino acid peptide neuropeptide S (NPS) and its G-protein coupled receptor (NPSR), modulates arousal, wakefulness, anxiety, and fear-extinction in mice. In addition, recent evidence indicates that the NPS system attenuates stress-dependent impairment of fear extinction, and that NPS-expressing neurons in close proximity to the locus coeruleus region (LC; pericoerulear, periLC) are activated by stress. Furthermore, periLC NPS neurons receive afferents from neurons of the centrolateral nucleus of the amygdala (CeL), of which a substantial population expresses the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) ligand precursor prodynorphin. This study aims to identify the effect of the dynorphinergic system on NPS neurons in the periLC via pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. Using electrophysiological recordings in mouse brain slices, we provide evidence that NPS neurons in the periLC region are directly inhibited by dynorphin A (DynA) via activation of κ-opioid receptor 1 (KOR1) and a subsequent increase of potassium conductances. Thus, the dynorphinergic system is suited to inactivate NPS neurons in the periLC. In addition to this direct, somatic effect, DynA reduces the efficacy of GABAergic synapses on NPS neurons via KOR1 and KOR2. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the interaction of the NPS and the kappa opioid system in the periLC. Therefore, the endogenous opioid dynorphin is suited to inhibit NPS neurons with a subsequent decrease in NPS release in putative target regions leading to a variety of physiological consequences such as increased anxiety or vulnerability to stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Blaesse
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Goedecke
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster Münster, Germany
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Zhang S, You Z, Wang S, Yang J, Yang L, Sun Y, Mi W, Yang L, McCabe MF, Shen S, Chen L, Mao J. Neuropeptide S modulates the amygdaloidal HCN activities (Ih) in rats: Implication in chronic pain. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:420-433. [PMID: 26855147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS), an endogenous anxiolytic, has been shown to protect against chronic pain through interacting with its cognate NPS receptor (NPSR) in the brain. However, the cellular mechanism of this NPS action remains unclear. We report that NPS inhibits hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel current (Ih) in the rat's amygdala through activation of NPSR. This NPS effect is mediated through ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a subset of pyramidal-like neurons located in the medial amygdala. The characters of the recorded Ih suggest a major role for HCN1 activity in this process. Inhibition of Ih by NPS stimulates the glutamatergic drive onto fast spiking intra-amygdalolidal GABAergic interneurons, which in turn facilitates GABA release onto pyramidal-like neurons. Moreover, the HCN1 expression is increased in the amygdala of rats with peripheral nerve injury and intra-amygdaloidal administration of the HCN channel inhibitor ZD7288 attenuates nociceptive behavior in these rats. These results suggest that NPS-mediated modulation of intra-amygdaloidal HCN channel activities may be an important central inhibitory mechanism for regulation of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhuo Zhang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zerong You
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuxing Wang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lujia Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liling Yang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael F McCabe
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucy Chen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Liao Y, Lu B, Ma Q, Wu G, Lai X, Zang J, Shi Y, Liu D, Han F, Zhou N. Human Neuropeptide S Receptor Is Activated via a Gαq Protein-biased Signaling Cascade by a Human Neuropeptide S Analog Lacking the C-terminal 10 Residues. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7505-16. [PMID: 26865629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuropeptide S (NPS) and its cognate receptor regulate important biological functions in the brain and have emerged as a future therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The human NPS (hNPS) receptor has been shown to dually couple to Gαs- and Gαq-dependent signaling pathways. The human NPS analog hNPS-(1-10), lacking 10 residues from the C terminus, has been shown to stimulate Ca(2+)mobilization in a manner comparable with full-length hNPSin vitrobut seems to fail to induce biological activityin vivo Here, results derived from a number of cell-based functional assays, including intracellular cAMP-response element (CRE)-driven luciferase activity, Ca(2+)mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, show that hNPS-(1-10) preferentially activates Gαq-dependent Ca(2+)mobilization while exhibiting less activity in triggering Gαs-dependent CRE-driven luciferase activity. We further demonstrate that both Gαq- and Gαs-coupled signaling pathways contribute to full-length hNPS-mediated activation of ERK1/2, whereas hNPS-(1-10)-promoted ERK1/2 activation is completely inhibited by the Gαqinhibitor UBO-QIC but not by the PKA inhibitor H89. Moreover, the results of Ala-scanning mutagenesis of hNPS-(1-13) indicated that residues Lys(11)and Lys(12)are structurally crucial for the hNPS receptor to couple to Gαs-dependent signaling. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that hNPS-(1-10) is a biased agonist favoring Gαq-dependent signaling. It may represent a valuable chemical probe for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of human NPS receptor-directed signalingin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liao
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Bin Lu
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Qiang Ma
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Gang Wu
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China and
| | - Xiangru Lai
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Jiashu Zang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Ying Shi
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Han
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China and
| | - Naiming Zhou
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
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147
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Semmens DC, Beets I, Rowe ML, Blowes LM, Oliveri P, Elphick MR. Discovery of sea urchin NGFFFamide receptor unites a bilaterian neuropeptide family. Open Biol 2016; 5:150030. [PMID: 25904544 PMCID: PMC4422128 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour, but reconstruction of neuropeptide evolution is often difficult owing to lack of sequence conservation. Here, we report that the receptor for the neuropeptide NGFFFamide in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (phylum Echinodermata) is an orthologue of vertebrate neuropeptide-S (NPS) receptors and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) receptors. Importantly, this has facilitated reconstruction of the evolution of two bilaterian neuropeptide signalling systems. Genes encoding the precursor of a vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptide and its receptor duplicated in a common ancestor of the Bilateria. One copy of the precursor retained ancestral features, as seen in highly conserved vasopressin/oxytocin–neurophysin-type precursors. The other copy diverged, but this took different courses in protostomes and deuterostomes. In protostomes, the occurrence of a disulfide bridge in neuropeptide product(s) of the precursor was retained, as in CCAP, but with loss of the neurophysin domain. In deuterostomes, we see the opposite scenario—the neuropeptides lost the disulfide bridge, and neurophysin was retained (as in the NGFFFamide precursor) but was subsequently lost in vertebrate NPS precursors. Thus, the sea urchin NGFFFamide precursor and receptor are ‘missing links’ in the evolutionary history of neuropeptides that control ecdysis in arthropods (CCAP) and regulate anxiety in humans (NPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Semmens
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew L Rowe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Liisa M Blowes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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148
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Genetic Correlates of Individual Differences in Sleep Behavior of Free-Living Great Tits (Parus major). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:599-607. [PMID: 26739645 PMCID: PMC4777123 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.024216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within populations, free-living birds display considerable variation in observable sleep behaviors, reflecting dynamic interactions between individuals and their environment. Genes are expected to contribute to repeatable between-individual differences in sleep behaviors, which may be associated with individual fitness. We identified and genotyped polymorphisms in nine candidate genes for sleep, and measured five repeatable sleep behaviors in free-living great tits (Parus major), partly replicating a previous study in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Microsatellites in the CLOCK and NPAS2 clock genes exhibited an association with sleep duration relative to night length, and morning latency to exit the nest box, respectively. Furthermore, microsatellites in the NPSR1 and PCSK2 genes associated with relative sleep duration and proportion of time spent awake at night, respectively. Given the detection rate of associations in the same models run with random markers instead of candidate genes, we expected two associations to arise by chance. The detection of four associations between candidate genes and sleep, however, suggests that clock genes, a clock-related gene, or a gene involved in the melanocortin system, could play key roles in maintaining phenotypic variation in sleep behavior in avian populations. Knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying sleep behavior in the wild is important because it will enable ecologists to assess the evolution of sleep in response to selection.
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149
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Smith JP, Prince MA, Achua JK, Robertson JM, Anderson RT, Ronan PJ, Summers CH. Intensity of anxiety is modified via complex integrative stress circuitries. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:351-61. [PMID: 26555428 PMCID: PMC4838407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Escalation of anxious behavior while environmentally and socially relevant contextual events amplify the intensity of emotional response produces a testable gradient of anxiety shaped by integrative circuitries. Apprehension of the Stress-Alternatives Model apparatus (SAM) oval open field (OF) is measured by the active latency to escape, and is delayed by unfamiliarity with the passageway. Familiar OF escape is the least anxious behavior along the continuum, which can be reduced by anxiolytics such as icv neuropeptide S (NPS). Social aggression increases anxiousness in the SAM, reducing the number of mice willing to escape by 50%. The apprehension accompanying escape during social aggression is diminished by anxiolytics, such as exercise and corticotropin releasing-factor receptor 1 (CRF1) antagonism, but exacerbated by anxiogenic treatment, like antagonism of α2-adrenoreceptors. What is more, the anxiolytic CRF1 and anxiogenic α2-adrenoreceptor antagonists also modify behavioral phenotypes, with CRF1 antagonism allowing escape by previously submissive animals, and α2-adrenoreceptor antagonism hindering escape in mice that previously engaged in it. Gene expression of NPS and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the central amygdala (CeA), as well as corticosterone secretion, increased concomitantly with the escalating anxious content of the mouse-specific anxiety continuum. The general trend of CeA NPS and BDNF expression suggested that NPS production was promoted by increasing anxiousness, and that BDNF synthesis was associated with learning about ever-more anxious conditions. The intensity gradient for anxious behavior resulting from varying contextual conditions may yield an improved conceptualization of the complexity of mechanisms producing the natural continuum of human anxious conditions, and potential therapies that arise therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Smith
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105 USA,Institute of Possibility, 322 E. 8th Street, Suite 302, Sioux Falls, SD 57103 USA,Sanford Health, 2301 E. 60th St. N., Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA
| | - Melissa A. Prince
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Justin K. Achua
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105 USA
| | - James M. Robertson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Raymond T. Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Patrick J. Ronan
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105 USA,Avera Research Institute, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105 USA,Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220 USA,Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Cliff H. Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA,Corresponding author: Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, 605 677 6177, fax: 605 677 6557.
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150
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Guhn A, Domschke K, Müller LD, Dresler T, Eff F, Kopf J, Deckert J, Reif A, Herrmann MJ. Neuropeptide S receptor gene variation and neural correlates of cognitive emotion regulation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1730-7. [PMID: 25971599 PMCID: PMC4666111 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor NPSR have captured attention in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here, a functional polymorphism in the NPSR1 gene has been linked to deviant cortico-limbic interactions in response to negative stimuli. While healthy T allele carriers exhibited increased amygdala and prefrontal cortex activity, panic disorder patients carrying the T risk allele displayed hypofrontality possibly reflecting insufficient prefrontal inhibition of limbic reactivity. In order to study multi-level effects of genotype and anxiety, prefrontal cortex activity during an emotional n-back task was measured in 66 volunteers genotyped for the NPSR1 rs324981 A/T variant (AA homozygotes vs. T allele carriers) by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy. For a high working memory load (3-back), T allele carriers showed a signal increase to negative pictures in the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex while AA homozygotes displayed a signal decrease. Since groups did not differ on skin conductance level and behavioral parameters, this effect in the risk group in line with results from fMRI studies is speculated to represent an adaptive mechanism to compensate for presumably increased subcortical activity driven by an overactive NPS system. However, anxiety sensitivity correlated negatively with prefrontal activity in T allele carriers possibly suggesting a decompensation of the adaptive compensatory upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guhn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura D Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, LEAD Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Florian Eff
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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