101
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Arraki K, Totoson P, Attia R, Zedet A, Pudlo M, Messaoud C, Demougeot C, Girard C. Arginase inhibitory properties of flavonoid compounds from the leaves of Mulberry (Morus alba, Moraceae). J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1269-1277. [PMID: 32496585 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to isolate and identify bioactive molecules from Morus alba (Moraceae) leaves having arginase inhibitory activity towards the combat of clinical outcomes related to endothelial dysfunction. METHOD Extraction and isolation were carried out by successive macerations, prepurification by using a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and separation using preparative PLC. The structures of the isolated components were established and confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, including the ESI-HRMS and NMR spectroscopic investigations. Biological evaluation was performed by using an in vitro assay with liver bovine purified arginase and by an ex vivo aortic ring study. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that a phenolic extract from the leaves of M. alba possesses mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities. Investigation of the chemical constituents of its leaves results in the isolation and identification of ten compounds investigated in vitro for their arginase inhibitory capacities. Four compounds showed significant inhibition of arginase, with percentage inhibition ranging from 54% to 83% at 100 µm. In isolated rat aortic rings incubated with NO synthase inhibitor, Luteolin-7-diglucoside compound (2) was able to increase acetylcholine-induced relaxation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the attractive ability of M. alba to be a potential source for the discovery of new active products on vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Arraki
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Rym Attia
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Andy Zedet
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Chokri Messaoud
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | | | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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102
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Liu H, Xiong X, Zhu T, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Chen H, Chen Y, Guo A. Differential nitric oxide induced by Mycobacterium bovis and BCG leading to dendritic cells apoptosis in a caspase dependent manner. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104303. [PMID: 32504845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for both innate and adaptive immunity. Meanwhile, nitric oxide (NO) is a member of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generally considered to play a key role in the bactericidal process in innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. The present study therefore investigated the mechanism of NO production in murine DCs induced by Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis) and its attenuated strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection. The expression of genes Slc7A1, Slc7A2, iNOS, and ArgI essential to NO synthesis was up-regulated in M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. IFN-γ addition further increased, while the iNOS inhibitor L-NMMA significantly inhibited their expression. Accordingly, the end products of arginine metabolism, NO and urea, were found to be significantly increased. In addition, BCG induced significantly higher levels of apoptosis in DCs compared to M.bovis shown by higher levels of DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C, and up-regulation of the genes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and dffa critical to apoptosis by qRT-PCR detection and western blot analysis. Furthermore, IFN-γ increased, but L-NMMA decreased apoptosis of M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. In addition, mycobacterial intracellular survival was significantly reduced by IFN-γ treatment in BCG infected DCs, while slightly increased by L-NMMA treatment. Taken altogether, our data show that NO synthesis was differentially increased and associated with apoptosis in M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. These findings may significantly contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of M.bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongchong Peng
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jieru Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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103
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Weis-Banke SE, Hübbe ML, Holmström MO, Jørgensen MA, Bendtsen SK, Martinenaite E, Carretta M, Svane IM, Ødum N, Pedersen AW, Met Ö, Madsen DH, Andersen MH. The metabolic enzyme arginase-2 is a potential target for novel immune modulatory vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1771142. [PMID: 32923127 PMCID: PMC7458644 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1771142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One way that tumors evade immune destruction is through tumor and stromal cell expression of arginine-degrading enzyme arginase-2 (ARG2). Here we describe the existence of pro-inflammatory effector T-cells that recognize ARG2 and can directly target tumor and tumor-infiltrating cells. Using a library of 34 peptides covering the entire ARG2 sequence, we examined reactivity toward these peptides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cancer patients and healthy individuals. Interferon-γ ELISPOT revealed frequent immune responses against several of the peptides, indicating that ARG2–specific self-reactive T-cells are natural components of the human T-cell repertoire. Based on this, the most immunogenic ARG2 protein region was further characterized. By identifying conditions in the microenvironment that induce ARG2 expression in myeloid cells, we showed that ARG2-specific CD4T-cells isolated and expanded from a peripheral pool from a prostate cancer patient could recognize target cells in an ARG2-dependent manner. In the ‘cold’ in vivo tumor model Lewis lung carcinoma, we found that activation of ARG2-specific T-cells by vaccination significantly inhibited tumor growth. Immune-modulatory vaccines targeting ARG2 thus are a candidate strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Emilie Weis-Banke
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Linder Hübbe
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Aaboe Jørgensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Kloch Bendtsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark.,IO Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Carretta
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hargbøl Madsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark.,IO Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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104
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Calvani R, Picca A, Landi G, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, Primiano A, Arcidiacono A, Urbani A, Bossola M, Bentivoglio AR, Cesari M, Bernabei R, Monaco MRL, Marzetti E. A novel multi-marker discovery approach identifies new serum biomarkers for Parkinson's disease in older people: an EXosomes in PArkiNson Disease (EXPAND) ancillary study. GeroScience 2020; 42:1323-1334. [PMID: 32458283 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation and widespread intracellular α-synuclein accumulation are neuropathologic hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). A constellation of peripheral processes, including metabolic and inflammatory changes, are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we sought to obtain insight into the multifaceted pathophysiology of PD through the application of a multi-marker discovery approach. Fifty older adults aged 70+, 20 with PD and 30 age-matched controls were enrolled as part of the EXosomes in PArkiNson Disease (EXPAND) study. A panel of 68 circulating mediators of inflammation, neurogenesis and neural plasticity, and amino acid metabolism was assayed. Biomarker selection was accomplished through sequential and orthogonalized covariance selection (SO-CovSel), a multi-platform regression method developed to handle highly correlated variables organized in multi-block datasets. The SO-CovSel model with the best prediction ability using the smallest number of variables was built with seven biomolecules. The model allowed correct classification of 94.2 ± 3.1% participants with PD and 100% controls. The biomarker profile of older adults with PD was defined by higher circulating levels of interleukin (IL) 8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, phosphoethanolamine, and proline, and by lower concentrations of citrulline, IL9, and MIP-1α. Our innovative approach allowed identifying and evaluating the classification performance of a set of potential biomarkers for PD in older adults. Future studies are warranted to establish whether these biomolecules could serve as biomarkers for PD as well as unveil new targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Persichilli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bossola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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105
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Simintiras CA, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, Martins T, Binelli M, Lonergan P. Biochemical characterization of progesterone-induced alterations in bovine uterine fluid amino acid and carbohydrate composition during the conceptus elongation window†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:672-685. [PMID: 30388203 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment in cattle is contingent on conceptus elongation-a fundamental developmental event coinciding with the time during which most pregnancies fail. Elongation in vivo is directly driven by uterine secretions, indirectly influenced by systemic progesterone concentrations, and has yet to be recapitulated in vitro. To better understand the microenvironment evolved to facilitate this phenomenon, the amino acid and carbohydrate composition of uterine fluid was interrogated using high-throughput metabolomics on days 12, 13, and 14 of the estrous cycle from heifers with normal and high circulating progesterone. A total of 99 biochemicals (79 amino acids and 20 carbohydrates) were consistently identified, of which 31 showed a day by progesterone interaction. Fructose and mannitol/sorbitol did not exhibit a day by progesterone interaction, but displayed the greatest individual fluctuations (P ≤ 0.05) with respective fold increases of 18.39 and 28.53 in high vs normal progesterone heifers on day 12, and increases by 10.70-fold and 14.85-fold in the uterine fluid of normal progesterone animals on day 14 vs day 12. Moreover, enrichment analyses revealed that the phenylalanine, glutathione, polyamine, and arginine metabolic pathways were among the most affected by day and progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone had a largely stabilizing effect on amino acid flux, and identified biochemicals of likely importance to conceptus elongation initiation include arginine, fructose, glutamate, and mannitol/sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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106
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Grzywa TM, Sosnowska A, Matryba P, Rydzynska Z, Jasinski M, Nowis D, Golab J. Myeloid Cell-Derived Arginase in Cancer Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:938. [PMID: 32499785 PMCID: PMC7242730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient concentrations of essential amino acids restrict T-cells activation and proliferation. However, only arginases, that degrade L-arginine, as well as enzymes that hydrolyze L-tryptophan are substantially increased in cancer. Two arginase isoforms, ARG1 and ARG2, have been found to be present in tumors and their increased activity usually correlates with more advanced disease and worse clinical prognosis. Nearly all types of myeloid cells were reported to produce arginases and the increased numbers of various populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages correlate with inferior clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Here, we describe the role of arginases produced by myeloid cells in regulating various populations of immune cells, discuss molecular mechanisms of immunoregulatory processes involving L-arginine metabolism and outline therapeutic approaches to mitigate the negative effects of arginases on antitumor immune response. Development of potent arginase inhibitors, with improved pharmacokinetic properties, may lead to the elaboration of novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting immunoregulatory pathways controlled by L-arginine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sosnowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Matryba
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neurobiology BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,The Doctoral School of the Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rydzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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107
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Akomolafe SF, Olasehinde TA, Oyeleye SI, Aluko TB, Adewale OO, Ijomone OM. Curcumin Administration Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Damage and Restores Alteration of Enzymes Associated with Cognitive Function in Rats' Brain. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:199-210. [PMID: 32405958 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is associated with oxidative damage, cognitive dysfunction, and brain damage. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against cognitive problems associated with treatment with cyclophosphamide via assessment of biomolecules associated with cognitive function in rats' brain homogenates. Rats were divided in to five groups: Control (vehicle), CUR (curcumin [20 mg/kg]), CPA (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg]), CUR1 + CPA (curcumin [20 mg/kg] and cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg]), and CPA + CUR2 (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg] and curcumin [20 mg/kg]). After the treatment, cognitive behavior was assessed and enzymes [cholinesterases, purinergic enzymes, arginase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme] associated with cognitive function were examined. Oxidative stress parameters [total thiol, non-protein thiol, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide] including the expression of caspase-3 were also assessed in rats' brain. Our results showed that curcumin improved cognitive behavior, attenuated cholinergic deficit as revealed by the inhibition of cholinesterases, and improved purinergic signaling in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin reduced angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and arginase activities before and after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Curcumin also improved redox balance and showed protection against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage to rats' brain via an increase in protein and non-protein thiols and nitric oxide levels as well as a significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels. Curcumin also prevented neuronal degeneration in different brain regions and reduced caspase-3 expression. Hence this study suggests that pre and post-treatment with curcumin improved neurobehavior, modulates some biomarkers associated with cognitive function and exhibit neuroprotection against cyclophosphamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosin A Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tola B Aluko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Omowumi O Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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108
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Winslow JW, Limesand KH, Zhao N. The Functions of ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10 in the Regulation of Systemic Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093304. [PMID: 32392784 PMCID: PMC7246657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, manganese is required for the regulation of numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, neuronal health, immune cell function, and antioxidant defense. However, excess manganese in the body is toxic and produces symptoms of neurological and behavioral defects, clinically known as manganism. Therefore, manganese balance needs to be tightly controlled. In the past eight years, mutations of genes encoding metal transporters ZIP8 (SLC39A8), ZIP14 (SLC39A14), and ZnT10 (SLC30A10) have been identified to cause dysregulated manganese homeostasis in humans, highlighting the critical roles of these genes in manganese metabolism. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of physiological functions of these three identified manganese transporters and summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying how the loss of functions in these genes leads to impaired manganese homeostasis and human diseases.
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109
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The Mechanism of Zinc Sulfate in Improving Fertility in Obese Rats Analyzed by Sperm Proteomic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9876363. [PMID: 32462040 PMCID: PMC7222545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9876363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism underlying the improving effect of zinc on fertility in obese rats using proteomics. The effects of three different doses of ZnSO4 on spermatogenesis and hormone levels were studied. Testicular spermatogenesis was observed by HE staining. Serum estrogen and testosterone levels were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Sperm proteomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The DAVID database was used to perform the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes, and the STRING online database was used to construct a PPI network. The sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone hormones of the ZnSO4-treated rats group were increased. ZnSO4 improved testicular structure and spermatogenesis abnormalities caused by obesity. Proteomic analysis showed that there were 401 differentially expressed proteins in a total of 6 sperm samples from the ZnSO4-treated group and the obesity groups. Differential proteins were input into the DAVID website. The 341 identified proteins were then classified according to their biological functions. The KEGG analysis showed that the enriched signal pathways included glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Some proteins were shown to be associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathways. STRING analysis obtained 36 node proteins. Cytoscape analysis showed that these proteins mainly participated in nine networks including metabolic process, oxidation-reduction, aerobic respiration, RNA splicing, and glutathione conjugation. ZnSO4 may improve the fertility of obese male rats by regulating protein expression related to metabolism, inflammation, and sperm maturation.
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110
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Muller J, Cardey B, Zedet A, Desingle C, Grzybowski M, Pomper P, Foley S, Harakat D, Ramseyer C, Girard C, Pudlo M. Synthesis, evaluation and molecular modelling of piceatannol analogues as arginase inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:559-568. [PMID: 33479657 PMCID: PMC7593889 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is involved in a wide range of pathologies including cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases whilst it is also a promising target to improve cancer immunotherapy. To date, only a limited number of inhibitors of arginase have been reported. Natural polyphenols, among them piceatannol, are moderate inhibitors of arginase. Herein, we report our efforts to investigate catechol binding by quantum chemistry and generate analogues of piceatannol. In this work, we synthesized a novel series of amino-polyphenols which were then evaluated as arginase inhibitors. Their structure-activity relationships were elucidated by deep quantum chemistry modelling. 4-((3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)amino)benzene-1,2-diol 3t displays a mixed inhibition activity on bovine and human arginase I with IC50 (K i) values of 76 (82) μM and 89 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muller
- PEPITE EA4267 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France . ; Tel: +(33) 381 665 542
| | - B Cardey
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France
| | - A Zedet
- PEPITE EA4267 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France . ; Tel: +(33) 381 665 542
| | - C Desingle
- PEPITE EA4267 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France . ; Tel: +(33) 381 665 542
| | - M Grzybowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics , PL02089 Warsaw , Poland
| | - P Pomper
- OncoArendi Therapeutics , PL02089 Warsaw , Poland
| | - S Foley
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France
| | - D Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (UMR CNRS 7312) , Univ. Reims Champagne Ardenne , F-51000 Reims , France
| | - C Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France
| | - C Girard
- PEPITE EA4267 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France . ; Tel: +(33) 381 665 542
| | - M Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon , France . ; Tel: +(33) 381 665 542
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111
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Arginase 2 is a mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney through regulation of nitrosative stress. Kidney Int 2020; 98:673-685. [PMID: 32739205 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Following reduced kidney perfusion, the pathological overproduction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species play a substantial role in the development of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arginase 2 (ARG2) competes with nitric oxide synthase for the same substrate, L-arginine, and is implicated in the regulation of reactive nitrogen species. Therefore, we investigated the role of ARG2 in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury using human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) and a mouse model of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. ARG2 was predominantly expressed in kidney tubules of the cortex, which was increased after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In HK-2 cells, ARG2 was expressed in punctate form in the cytoplasm and upregulated after hypoxia-reoxygenation. ARG2 knockdown reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and 3-nitrotyrosine after hypoxia-reoxygenation injury compared with control siRNA. Consistent with these results, in Arg2 knockout mice, abnormal kidney function and the increased acute tubular necrosis score induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury was significantly reduced without any obvious blood pressure changes. Additionally, an accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and apoptosis of renal tubule cells were attenuated in Arg2 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of arginase by Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine alleviated kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury like the results found in Arg2 knockout mice. Thus, ARG2 plays a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI by means of nitrosative stress. Hence, an ARG2-specific inhibitor may effectively treat kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Łuczak A, Madej M, Kasprzyk A, Doroszko A. Role of the eNOS Uncoupling and the Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1417981. [PMID: 32351667 PMCID: PMC7174952 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1417981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its clinical complications constitute the major healthcare problems of the world population. Due to the central role of endothelium throughout the atherosclerotic disease process, endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a common mechanism for various cardiovascular (CV) disorders. It is well established that patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases are characterized by significantly increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. The current European guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in clinical practice recommend to use a 1,5-factor multiplier for CV risk in rheumatoid arthritis as well as in other autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis in these diseases, especially in the absence of traditional risk factors, still remain unclear. Oxidative stress plays the major role in the endothelial dysfunction and recently is strongly attributed to endothelial NO synthase dysfunction (eNOS uncoupling). Converted to a superoxide-producing enzyme, uncoupled eNOS not only leads to reduction of the nitric oxide (NO) generation but also potentiates the preexisting oxidative stress, which contributes significantly to atherogenesis. However, to date, there are no systemic analyses on the role of eNOS uncoupling in the excess CV mortality linked with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The current review paper addresses this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łuczak
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Marta Madej
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Agata Kasprzyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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113
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Blaszczyk R, Brzezinska J, Dymek B, Stanczak PS, Mazurkiewicz M, Olczak J, Nowicka J, Dzwonek K, Zagozdzon A, Golab J, Golebiowski A. Discovery and Pharmacokinetics of Sulfamides and Guanidines as Potent Human Arginase 1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:433-438. [PMID: 32292546 PMCID: PMC7153016 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a series of arginase inhibitors as derivatives of the well-known 2-(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) with basic and neutral side chains in the α-position relative to the amino acid group. In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of literature examples and retain potent enzymatic activity, sulfamido moieties were introduced to generate hydrogen bond interaction with the aspartic acid residue in the arginase active site. The compounds with basic guanidine-containing side chains were even more potent arginase inhibitors. Both groups of compounds, as designed, demonstrated low clearance in their pharmacokinetic profile. The most active inhibitor 15aa showed high nanomolar potency with IC50 = 32 nM toward human arginase 1 and demonstrated low clearance (4.2 mL/min/kg), long t 1/2, and moderate volume of distribution in rat pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Blaszczyk
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Dymek
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Jacek Olczak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Nowicka
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Dzwonek
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Golebiowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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114
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Fouda AY, Eldahshan W, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase Pathway in Acute Retina and Brain Injury: Therapeutic Opportunities and Unexplored Avenues. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:277. [PMID: 32256357 PMCID: PMC7090321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), acute glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and central (or branch) retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). These conditions share in common a period of ischemia or reduced blood supply to the retinal tissue that eventually leads to neuronal degeneration. Similarly, acute brain injury from ischemia or trauma leads to neurodegeneration and can have devastating consequences in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). In all of these conditions, current treatment strategies are limited by their lack of effectiveness, adverse effects or short time window for administration. Therefore, there is a great need to identify new therapies for acute central nervous system (CNS) injury. In this brief review article, we focus on the pathway of the arginase enzyme as a novel therapeutic target for acute CNS injury. We review the recent work on the role of arginase enzyme and its downstream components in neuroprotection in both retina and brain acute injury models. Delineating the similarities and differences between the role of arginase in the retina and brain neurodegeneration will allow for better understanding of the role of arginase in CNS disorders. This will also facilitate repurposing the arginase pathway as a new therapeutic target in both retina and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - R William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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115
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Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Hammed MO, Amoo CO, Adegoke AM, Ajisafe LO. Naringin protects against Bisphenol-A induced oculopathy as implication of cataract in hypertensive rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110043. [PMID: 32172062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People who have experienced high blood pressure are at greater risk of susceptibility to other health problems including oculopathy. The patients with these experiences do not have adequate treatment and those who do; spend much funds on the drug purchase. The study examines the protective effect of naringin (NRG) against ocular impairment in L-NAME induced hypertensive rat on exposure to a cellular disruptor. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into eight (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), Group III was treated with 50 mg/kg Bisphenol-A, Group IV was treated with L-NAME +50 mg/kg Bisphenol-A. Group V was administered with L-NAME +80 mg/kg NRG. Group VI was administered with 50 Mg/kg BPA + 80 mg/kg NRG. Group VII was administered with L-NAME+50 mg/kg Bisphenol-A +80 mg/kg NRG. Lastly, group VIII was treated with 80 mg/kg NRG alone for 14 days. Naringin prevented hypertension and ocular dysfunction by depleting the activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes, arginase, aldose-reductase and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding down-regulation of inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-B. Moreover, ocular impairment was remarkably reduced by NRG as manifested by the decreased activities of AChE, BuChE, MAO-A and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase, AMPase) and adenosine deaminase with resultant increased NO level. Also, ocular expression of CD43 transcript, caspaace-9 and tumor suppressor P53 proteins were suppressed on treatment with NRG. This study corroborates the view that NRG may be a useful therapy in alleviating inflammatory markers, apoptosis and metabolic nucleotides disorders via the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathways in hypertensive rat model on exposure to a cellular disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T E Akintola
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M O Hammed
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C O Amoo
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A M Adegoke
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - L O Ajisafe
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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116
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Saraç H, Morova T, Pires E, McCullagh J, Kaplan A, Cingöz A, Bagci-Onder T, Önder T, Kawamura A, Lack NA. Systematic characterization of chromatin modifying enzymes identifies KDM3B as a critical regulator in castration resistant prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2187-2201. [PMID: 31822799 PMCID: PMC7056651 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard care for prostate cancer (PCa) patients who fail surgery or radiotherapy. While initially effective, the cancer almost always recurs as a more aggressive castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Previous studies have demonstrated that chromatin modifying enzymes can play a critical role in the conversion to CRPC. However, only a handful of these potential pharmacological targets have been tested. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a focused shRNA screen of chromatin modifying enzymes previously shown to be involved in cellular differentiation. We found that altering the balance between histone methylation and demethylation impacted growth and proliferation. Of all genes tested, KDM3B, a histone H3K9 demethylase, was found to have the most antiproliferative effect. These results were phenocopied with a KDM3B CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. When tested in several PCa cell lines, the decrease in proliferation was remarkably specific to androgen-independent cells. Genetic rescue experiments showed that only the enzymatically active KDM3B could recover the phenotype. Surprisingly, despite the decreased proliferation of androgen-independent cell no alterations in the cell cycle distribution were observed following KDM3B knockdown. Whole transcriptome analyses revealed changes in the gene expression profile following loss of KDM3B, including downregulation of metabolic enzymes such as ARG2 and RDH11. Metabolomic analysis of KDM3B knockout showed a decrease in several critical amino acids. Overall, our work reveals, for the first time, the specificity and the dependence of KDM3B in CRPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Saraç
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tunç Morova
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anıl Kaplan
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingöz
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Tamer Önder
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nathan A Lack
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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117
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Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020143. [PMID: 32093243 PMCID: PMC7169402 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) can cause heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the line of events from infection, pathologic change, and regeneration has not been thoroughly described. In this study, the cellular localization and variation of PRV-1 RNA and protein levels were analyzed at different times post-exposure in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used for assessment of the presence of the PRV-1 σ1 protein, while RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization were performed for viral RNA. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated that PRV-1 infection induced heart lesions typical of HSMI, such as severe epicarditis and myocarditis with degeneration of cardiomyocytes, necrosis, and diffuse cellular infiltration. PRV-1 infection of erythrocytes and the peak viral plasma level preceded virus presence in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Arginase-2-positive, macrophage-like cells observed in the heart indicated possible polarization to M2 macrophages and the onset of regenerative processes, which may contribute to the recovery from HSMI. The virus was cleared from regenerating heart tissue and from hepatocytes, but persisted in erythrocytes.
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118
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Microbial enzymes for deprivation of amino acid metabolism in malignant cells: biological strategy for cancer treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2857-2869. [PMID: 32037468 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is emerging as a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer. This biological therapy relies upon the differences in the metabolism of cancer and normal cells. The rapid growth of tumors results in decreased expression of certain enzymes leading to auxotrophy for some specific amino acids. These auxotrophic tumors are targeted by amino acid-depleting enzymes. The depletion of amino acid selectively inhibits tumor growth as the normal cells can synthesize amino acids by their usual machinery. The enzymes used in AADT are mostly obtained from microbes for their easy availability. Microbial L-asparaginase is already approved by FDA for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arginine deiminase and methionase are under clinical trials and the therapeutic potential of lysine oxidase, glutaminase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase is also being explored. The present review provides an overview of microbial amino acid depriving enzymes. Various attributes of these enzymes like structure, mode of action, production, formulations, and targeted cancers are discussed. The challenges faced and the combat strategies to establish AADT in standard cancer armamentarium are also reviewed.Key Points • Amino acid deprivation therapy is a potential therapy for auxotrophic tumors. • Microbial enzymes are used due to their ease of manipulation and high productivity. • Enzyme properties are improved by PEGylation, encapsulation, and genetic engineering. • AADT can be employed as combinational therapy for better containment of cancer.
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119
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Is the Arginase Pathway a Novel Therapeutic Avenue for Diabetic Retinopathy? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020425. [PMID: 32033258 PMCID: PMC7073619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age Americans. Clinicians diagnose DR based on its characteristic vascular pathology, which is evident upon clinical exam. However, extensive research has shown that diabetes causes significant neurovascular dysfunction prior to the development of clinically apparent vascular damage. While laser photocoagulation and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are often effective for limiting the late-stage vascular pathology, we still do not have an effective treatment to limit the neurovascular dysfunction or promote repair during the early stages of DR. This review addresses the role of arginase as a mediator of retinal neurovascular injury and therapeutic target for early stage DR. Arginase is the ureohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the production of L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine. Arginase upregulation has been associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and peripheral vascular dysfunction in models of both types of diabetes. The arginase enzyme has been identified as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease and central nervous system disease including stroke and ischemic retinopathies. Here, we discuss and review the literature on arginase-induced retinal neurovascular dysfunction in models of DR. We also speculate on the therapeutic potential of arginase in DR and its related underlying mechanisms.
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120
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Role of Arginase 2 in Murine Retinopathy Associated with Western Diet-Induced Obesity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020317. [PMID: 31979105 PMCID: PMC7073940 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diet-induced obesity is linked to the development of metabolic dysfunctions, including type 2 diabetes and complications that include retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness. Aberrant activation of the inflammasome cascade leads to the progression of obesity-induced pathologies. Our lab showed the critical role of arginase 2 (A2), the mitochondrial isoform of this ureahydrolase, in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. A2 deletion also has been shown to be protective against retinal inflammation in models of ischemic retinopathy and multiple sclerosis. We investigated the effect of A2 deletion on western diet-induced retinopathy. Wild-type mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose western diet for 16 weeks exhibited elevated retinal expression of A2, markers of the inflammasome pathway, oxidative stress, and activation of microglia/macrophages. Western diet feeding induced exaggerated retinal light responses without affecting visual acuity or retinal morphology. These effects were reduced or absent in mice with global A2 deletion. Exposure of retinal endothelial cells to palmitate and high glucose, a mimic of the obese state, increased expression of A2 and inflammatory mediators and induced cell death. These effects, except for A2, were prevented by pretreatment with an arginase inhibitor. Collectively, our study demonstrated a substantial role of A2 in early manifestations of diabetic retinopathy.
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121
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Gheibi S, Samsonov AP, Gheibi S, Vazquez AB, Kashfi K. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Implications in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113819. [PMID: 31972170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two gasotransmitters that are produced in the human body and have a key role in many of the physiological activities of the various organ systems. Decreased NO bioavailability and deficiency of H2S are involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Restoration of NO levels have favorable metabolic effects in diabetes. The role of H2S in pathophysiology of diabetes is however controversial; H2S production is decreased during development of obesity, diabetes, and its complications, suggesting the potential therapeutic effects of H2S. On the other hand, increased H2S levels disturb the pancreatic β-cell function and decrease insulin secretion. In addition, there appear to be important interactions between NO and H2S at the levels of both biosynthesis and signaling pathways, yet clear an insight into this relationship is lacking. H2S potentiates the effects of NO in the cardiovascular system as well as NO release from its storage pools. Likewise, NO increases the activity and the expression of H2S-generating enzymes. Inhibition of NO production leads to elimination/attenuation of the cardioprotective effects of H2S. Regarding the increasing interest in the therapeutic applications of NO or H2S-releasing molecules in a variety of diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular disorders, much is to be learned about their function in glucose/insulin metabolism, especially in diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the individual and the interactive roles of NO and H2S in carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Alan P Samsonov
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahsanam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alexandra B Vazquez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.
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122
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Azul L, Leandro A, Boroumand P, Klip A, Seiça R, Sena CM. Increased inflammation, oxidative stress and a reduction in antioxidant defense enzymes in perivascular adipose tissue contribute to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:264-274. [PMID: 31698080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. The present study was conducted to investigate the contribution of PVAT to vascular dysfunction in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Several in vivo parameters such as lipid profile (total cholesterol and triglyceride systemic levels), fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (through glucose and insulin tolerance tests, respectively) were determined in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats and compared with control Wistar rats. At the vascular level, endothelial dependent and independent relaxation and contraction studies were performed in aortic rings in the absence (PVAT-) or in the presence (PVAT+) of thoracic PVAT. We also evaluated vascular oxidative stress and performed western blots, PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis of cytokines and various enzymes in PVAT. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, assessed by wire myography, was impaired in GK rats and improved by the antioxidant TEMPOL and by the TLR4 inhibitor, CLI-095 suggesting an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite production was increased in the vascular wall of diabetic rats, accompanied by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. The presence of PVAT had an anticontractile effect in response to phenylephrine in Wistar rats that was lost in GK rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that PVAT phenotype shifts, under diabetic conditions, towards a proinflammatory (with increment in CRP, CCL2, CD36), pro-oxidant (increased levels of aldose reductase, and reduced levels of antioxidant deference enzymes) and vasoconstriction state. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that this rat model of type 2 diabetes is associated with perivascular adipose dysfunction that contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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A Novel Noncoding RNA dsr11 Involved in Heat Stress Tolerance in Deinococcus radiodurans. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010022. [PMID: 31877996 PMCID: PMC7022480 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremely resistant bacteria that has evolved masterful strategies to enable survival under various environmental stress conditions. Heat stress is a major environmental stress factor that can cause denaturation of proteins, membrane disruption, and oxidative stress. Previous studies have examined the mechanisms of the heat stress response by analyzing changes in protein levels; however, little is known about the role of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are known to play important regulatory functions in bacteria during various environmental stress response. The ncRNA dsr11 of D. radiodurans was previously identified by RNA-seq and Northern blot. In this study, we showed that the transcription level of dsr11 was up-regulated 4.2-fold under heat stress by qRT-PCR analysis. Heat tolerance assay showed that deleting dsr11 significantly inhibited the viability under high temperature conditions. To assess the influence of dsr11 on the D. radiodurans transcriptome, 157 genes were found differentially expressed in the knock-out mutant by RNA-seq experiment. Combining RNA-seq and in silico analysis, we found that trmE (tRNA modification GTPase) and dr_0651 (arginase) were likely to be the direct targets of dsr11. Further microscale thermophoresis results demonstrated that dsr11 can directly bind to the mRNA of trmE and dr_0651. Our results indicated that dsr11 can enhance the tolerance to heat stress of D. radiodurans by binding to trmE and dr_0651 mRNA. Overall, these results extend our understanding of ncRNA regulation and provide new insights into the heat stress response in D. radiodurans.
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124
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Naz Z, Moin ST, Hofer TS. Hydration of Closely Related Manganese and Magnesium Porphyrins in Aqueous Solutions: Ab Initio Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10769-10779. [PMID: 31738566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, the current study based on ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics (QMCF-MD) is the first to explore the difference in the hydration behavior between Mn(II)- and Mg(II)-associated porphyrins (Mn(II)-POR and Mg(II)-POR) in aqueous solution. The simulation study highlights similar and dissimilar characteristics of the structural, dynamical, and thermodynamical properties of these closely related metals bound to porphyrins in aqueous solution. The structural analysis is based on radial and angular distribution functions, coordination number distributions, and angular-radial distributions. Both hydrated systems demonstrate similar pentacoordinated structures formed via the axial coordination of one water molecule to the metal ion in addition to the four nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin ring. However, in the case of Mn(II)-POR, the formation of a distorted square pyramidal geometry was observed. It was envisaged as a weak coordination of the water molecule to the Mn(II) atom and thus higher atomic fluctuation for all atoms in contrast to that for the hydrated Mg(II)-POR. The dynamical data in terms of the mean residence times, velocity autocorrelation function, free energy, and other parameters revealed the difference in the metal binding effect because the Mn(II) atom was observed to inhibit H-bond formation more than the presence of Mg(II) atoms in the core of the porphyrin. The current study thus highlights the significant differences in the structural and dynamical properties of Mn(II)- and Mg(II)-associated porphyrin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Naz
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi 75270 , Pakistan
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi 75270 , Pakistan
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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125
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Sabbatinelli J, Prattichizzo F, Olivieri F, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Giuliani A. Where Metabolism Meets Senescence: Focus on Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31920721 PMCID: PMC6930181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in their proliferative potential, senescent cells display a high metabolic activity. Senescent cells have been shown to acquire a more glycolytic state even in presence of high oxygen levels, in a way similar to cancer cells. The diversion of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, away from oxidative phosphorylation results in an altered bioenergetic state and may occur as a response to the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This metabolic shift leads to increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, to the subsequent AMPK activation, and ultimately to p53-mediated growth arrest. Mounting evidences suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical to direct considerable amounts of energy toward specific activities related to the senescent state, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the modulation of immune responses within senescent cell tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, despite the relative abundance of oxygen in the vascular compartment, healthy endothelial cells (ECs) produce most of their ATP content from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate. Their high glycolytic rate further increases during senescence. Alterations in EC metabolism have been identified in age-related diseases (ARDs) associated with a dysfunctional vasculature, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, higher production of reactive oxygen species deriving from a variety of enzymatic sources, including uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the electron transport chain, causes DNA damage and activates the NAD+-consuming enzymes polyADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). These non-physiological mechanisms drive the impairment of the glycolytic flux and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into many pathological pathways. Of note, accumulation of senescent ECs has been reported in the context of ARDs. Through their pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and prothrombotic activities, they negatively impact on vascular physiology, promoting both the onset and development of ARDs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular senescence-related metabolic changes and their contribution to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ARDs, with a particular focus on ECs. Moreover, current and potential interventions aimed at modulating EC metabolism, in order to prevent or delay ARD onset, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Saliu JA, Oyeleye SI, Olasehinde TA, Oboh G. Modulatory effects of stonebreaker (Phyllanthus amarus) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on enzymes linked with cardiac function in heart tissue of doxorubicin-stressed rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:331-339. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamiyu A. Saliu
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Biomedical Technology Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin A. Olasehinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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127
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Maternal Smoking Highly Affects the Function, Membrane Integrity, and Rheological Properties in Fetal Red Blood Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1509798. [PMID: 31871538 PMCID: PMC6906794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1509798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of neonatal diseases necessitates detailed knowledge about the wide range of complications in the circulating fetal RBCs. Recent publications on adult red blood cells (RBCs) provide evidence that RBCs carry an active nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) enzyme and contribute to vascular functioning and integrity via their active nitric oxide synthesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal smoking on the phenotypical appearance and functionality of fetal RBCs, based on morphological and molecular studies. We looked for possible links between vascular dysfunction and NOS3 expression and activation and its regulation by arginase (ARG1). Significant morphological and functional differences were found between fetal RBCs isolated from the arterial cord blood of neonates born to nonsmoking (RBC-NS, n = 62) and heavy-smoking (RBC-S, n = 51) mothers. Morphological variations were quantified by Advanced Cell Classifier, microscopy-based intelligent analysis software. To investigate the relevance of the newly suggested “erythrocrine” function in fetal RBCs, we measured the levels of NOS3 and its phosphorylation in parallel with the level of ARG1, as one of the major influencers of NOS3 dimerization, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Fetal RBCs, even the “healthy-looking” biconcave-shaped type, exhibited impaired NOS3 activation in the RBC-S population, which was paralleled with elevated ARG1 level, thus suggesting an increased redox burden. Our molecular data indicate that maternal smoking can exert marked effects on the circulating fetal RBCs, which could have a consequence on the outcome of in utero development. We hypothesize that any endothelial dysfunction altering NO production/bioavailability can be sensed by circulating fetal RBCs. Hence, we are putting forward the idea that neonatal RBC could serve as a real-time sensor for not only monitoring RBC-linked anomalies but also predicting the overall status of the vascular microenvironment.
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128
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Mendez LM, Posey RR, Pandolfi PP. The Interplay Between the Genetic and Immune Landscapes of AML: Mechanisms and Implications for Risk Stratification and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1162. [PMID: 31781488 PMCID: PMC6856667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AML holds a unique place in the history of immunotherapy by virtue of being among the first malignancies in which durable remissions were achieved with "adoptive immunotherapy," now known as allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The successful deployment of unselected adoptive cell therapy established AML as a disease responsive to immunomodulation. Classification systems for AML have been refined and expanded over the years in an effort to capture the variability of this heterogeneous disease and risk-stratify patients. Current systems increasingly incorporate information about cytogenetic alterations and genetic mutations. The advent of next generation sequencing technology has enabled the comprehensive identification of recurrent genetic mutations, many with predictive power. Recurrent genetic mutations found in AML have been intensely studied from a cell intrinsic perspective leading to the genesis of multiple, recently approved targeted therapies including IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors and FLT3-ITD/-TKD inhibitors. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of these targeted agents on the leukemia microenvironment, including the immune system. Recently, the phenomenal success of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells has re-ignited interest in understanding the mechanisms leading to immune dysregulation and suppression in leukemia, with the objective of harnessing the power of the immune system via novel immunotherapeutics. A paradigm has emerged that places crosstalk with the immune system at the crux of any effective therapy. Ongoing research will reveal how AML genetics inform the composition of the immune microenvironment paving the way for personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M. Mendez
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan R. Posey
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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129
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Adhikari U, An X, Rijal N, Hopkins T, Khanal S, Chavez T, Tatu R, Sankar J, Little KJ, Hom DB, Bhattarai N, Pixley SK. Embedding magnesium metallic particles in polycaprolactone nanofiber mesh improves applicability for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:215-234. [PMID: 31059833 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) metal is of great interest in biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering. Mg exhibits excellent in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and, during degradation, releases Mg ions (Mg2+) with the potential to improve tissue repair. We used electrospinning technology to incorporate Mg particles into nanofibers. Various ratios of Mg metal microparticles (<44 µm diameter) were incorporated into nanofiber polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes. Physicochemical properties of the meshes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tensile testing, X-ray diffractometry and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Biological properties of meshes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Under mammalian cell culture conditions, Mg-containing meshes released hydrogen gas and relative amounts of free Mg2+ that reflected the Mg/PCL ratios. All meshes were non-cytotoxic for 3T3 fibroblasts and PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. In vivo implantation under the skin of mice for 3, 8 and 28 days showed that Mg-containing meshes were well vascularized, with improved measures of inflammation and healing compared to meshes without Mg. Evidence included an earlier appearance and infiltration of tissue repairing macrophages and, after 28 days, evidence of more mature tissue remodeling. Thus, these new composite nanofiber meshes have promising material properties that mitigated inflammatory tissue responses to PCL alone and improved tissue healing, thus providing a suitable matrix for use in clinically relevant tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The biodegradable metal, magnesium, safely biodegrades in the body, releasing beneficial byproducts. To improve tissue delivery, magnesium metal particles were incorporated into electrospun nanofiber meshes composed of a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL). Magnesium addition, at several concentrations, did not alter PCL chemistry, but did alter physical properties. Under cell culture conditions, meshes released magnesium ions and hydrogen gas and were not cytotoxic for two cell types. After implantation in mice, the mesh with magnesium resulted in earlier appearance of M2-like, reparative macrophages and improved tissue healing versus mesh alone. This is in agreement with other studies showing beneficial effects of magnesium metal and provides a new type of scaffold material that will be useful in clinically relevant tissue engineering applications.
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130
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Abstract
Nutritional support is seen as a vital component in the battle to attenuate the extreme hypermetabolic response experienced by patients suffering from large thermal injuries. Protein catabolism precipitating protein malnutrition places patients at greater risk of wound infection and sepsis due to delayed wound healing. Underfeeding, aggressive feeding, feeding routes, timing of initiation of feeding and tight insulin control have all been explored extensively in the quest to understand what nutritional treatment will best attenuate the hypermetabolic response. Despite this it is suggested that the majority of patients with large thermal injuries do not receive adequate nutritional support immediately post injury. Nurses have a pivotal role to play in ensuring that thermal injury patients receive appropriate nutritional support based on the best available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Price
- Wound Care Nurse Specialist/Staff Trainer, Bethesda General Hospital, Serukam, Singkawang, West Borneo, Indonesia
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131
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Van Zandt MC, Jagdmann GE, Whitehouse DL, Ji M, Savoy J, Potapova O, Cousido-Siah A, Mitschler A, Howard EI, Pyle AM, Podjarny AD. Discovery of N-Substituted 3-Amino-4-(3-boronopropyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acids as Highly Potent Third-Generation Inhibitors of Human Arginase I and II. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8164-8177. [PMID: 31408339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts to identify new highly potent arginase inhibitors have resulted in the discovery of a novel family of (3R,4S)-3-amino-4-(3-boronopropyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid analogues with up to a 1000-fold increase in potency relative to the current standards, 2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) and N-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA). The lead candidate, with an N-2-amino-3-phenylpropyl substituent (NED-3238), example 43, inhibits arginase I and II with IC50 values of 1.3 and 8.1 nM, respectively. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships for this novel series of inhibitors, along with X-ray crystallographic data for selected examples bound to human arginase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Van Zandt
- New England Discovery Partners , 23 Business Park Drive , Branford , Connecticut 06405 , United States
| | - G Erik Jagdmann
- New England Discovery Partners , 23 Business Park Drive , Branford , Connecticut 06405 , United States
| | - Darren L Whitehouse
- New England Discovery Partners , 23 Business Park Drive , Branford , Connecticut 06405 , United States
| | - Minkoo Ji
- New England Discovery Partners , 23 Business Park Drive , Branford , Connecticut 06405 , United States
| | - Jennifer Savoy
- New England Discovery Partners , 23 Business Park Drive , Branford , Connecticut 06405 , United States
| | - Olga Potapova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Yale University , 219 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM , Université de Strasbourg , 1 rue Laurent Fries , 67404 Illkirch , France
| | - Andre Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM , Université de Strasbourg , 1 rue Laurent Fries , 67404 Illkirch , France
| | - Eduardo I Howard
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos (IFLYSIB) , CONICET , Calle 59 Numero 789 , 1900 La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Yale University , 219 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Alberto D Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM , Université de Strasbourg , 1 rue Laurent Fries , 67404 Illkirch , France
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132
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Metabolite profiling, arginase inhibition and vasorelaxant activity of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110764. [PMID: 31437471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on arginase activity and arterial vasodilation. V. opulus fruit extract exerted the highest vasorelaxant activity in phenylephrine precontracted rat aortic rings (EC50 = 6.31 ± 1.61 μg/mL) and a significant inhibition of arginase (IC50 = 71.02 ± 3.06 μg/mL). By contrast, S. aucuparia and C. mas fruit extracts showed no important anti-arginase activity and a significantly weaker activity in the rat aortic rings relaxation assay (EC50 = 100.9 ± 11.63 and 78.52 ± 8.59 μg/mL, respectively). For all extracts, the main mechanism of vasodilation was proven to be endothelium-dependent. HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS studies revealed a very complex metabolite profiling in all three extracts with chlorogenic acid accounting for 30.89, 0.72 and 2.03 mg/g in V. opulus, C. mas and S. aucuparia fruit extracts, respectively. All extracts were declared non-toxic in the brine shrimp acute toxicity test. Our study highlights potential benefits of V. opulus fruit extract in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation.
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133
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Zou S, Wang X, Liu P, Ke C, Xu S. Arginine metabolism and deprivation in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109210. [PMID: 31330440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cancer cells with nutrient auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared with normal human cells. Arginine as a versatile amino acid, has multiple biological functions in metabolic and signaling pathways. Depletion of this amino acid by arginine depletor is generally well tolerated and has become a targeted therapy for arginine auxotrophic cancers. However, the modulatory eff ;ect of arginine on cancer cells is very complicated and still controversial. Therefore, this article focuses on arginine metabolism and depletion therapy in cancer treatment to provide systemical review on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangmei Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Po Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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134
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Metabolic Nano-Machines: Extracellular Vesicles Containing Active Enzymes and Their Contribution to Liver Diseases. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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135
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Nucera S, Macrì R, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Oppedisano F, Mollace R, Paone S, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Peripheral Blood Nerve Barrier: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123022. [PMID: 31226852 PMCID: PMC6628074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exchange of solutes between the blood and the nerve tissue is mediated by specific and high selective barriers in order to ensure the integrity of the different compartments of the nervous system. At peripheral level, this function is maintained by the Blood Nerve Barrier (BNB) that, in the presence, of specific stressor stimuli can be damaged causing the onset of neurodegenerative processes. An essential component of BNB is represented by the endothelial cells surrounding the sub-structures of peripheral nerves and increasing evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction can be considered a leading cause of the nerve degeneration. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main mechanisms involved in the impairment of endothelial cells in specific diseases associated with peripheral nerve damage, such as diabetic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction and inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Sara Paone
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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136
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Santiago-Olivares C, Rivera-Toledo E, Gómez B. Nitric oxide production is downregulated during respiratory syncytial virus persistence by constitutive expression of arginase 1. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2231-2241. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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137
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Feitosa LM, da Silva ER, Hoelz LVB, Souza DL, Come JAASS, Cardoso-Santos C, Batista MM, Soeiro MDNC, Boechat N, Pinheiro LCS. New pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as Leishmania amazonensis arginase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3061-3069. [PMID: 31176565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arginase performs the first enzymatic step in polyamine biosynthesis in Leishmania and represents a promising target for drug development. Polyamines in Leishmania are involved in trypanothione synthesis, which neutralize the oxidative burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) that are produced by host macrophages to kill the parasite. In an attempt to synthesize arginase inhibitors, six 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives with different substituents at the 4-position of the phenyl group were synthesized. All compounds were initially tested at 100 µM concentration against Leishmania amazonensis ARG (LaARG), showing inhibitory activity ranging from 36 to 74%. Two compounds, 1 (R=H) and 6 (R=CF3), showed arginase inhibition >70% and IC50 values of 12 µM and 47 µM, respectively. Thus, the kinetics of LaARG inhibition were analyzed for compounds 1 and 6 and revealed that these compounds inhibit the enzyme by an uncompetitive mechanism, showing Kis values, and dissociation constants for ternary complex enzyme-substrate-inhibitor, of 8.5 ± 0.9 µM and 29 ± 5 µM, respectively. Additionally, the molecular docking studies proposed that these two uncompetitive inhibitors interact with different LaARG binding sites, where compound 1 forms more H-bond interactions with the enzyme than compound 6. These compounds showed low activity against L. amazonensis free amastigotes obtained from mice lesions when assayed with as much as 30 µM. The maximum growth inhibition reached was between 20 and 30% after 48 h of incubation. These results suggest that this system can be promising for the design of potential antileishmanial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M Feitosa
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil; Programa de Pos-graduacao em Quimica, PGQu Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edson R da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas V B Hoelz
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Danielle L Souza
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Julio A A S S Come
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biociencia Animal, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenahria de alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Cardoso-Santos
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos M Batista
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazare C Soeiro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Luiz C S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
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138
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Vaccari M, Fourati S, Brown DR, Silva de Castro I, Bissa M, Schifanella L, Doster MN, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Koup RA, Sui Y, Berzofsky JA, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Myeloid Cell Crosstalk Regulates the Efficacy of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120 HIV Vaccine Candidate. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1072. [PMID: 31139193 PMCID: PMC6527580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with DNA-SIV + ALVAC-SIV + gp120 alum results in inflammasome activation, high levels of IL-1β production, emergency myelopoiesis, and the egress of CXCR4+ CD14+ pre-monocytes from bone marrow. Previously we have shown that this vaccine-induced innate monocyte memory is associated with decreased risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Because IL-1β also promotes the propagation of monocyte-derived suppressor (M-MDSC)-like cells, here we extended our analysis to this negative regulator subset, characterizing its levels and functions in macaques. Interestingly, we found that DNA prime engages M-MDSC-like cells and their levels are positively associated with the frequency of CD14+ classical monocytes, and negatively with the levels of CD16+ monocytes, correlates of decreased and increased risk of SIV acquisition, respectively. Accordingly, M-MDSC frequency, arginase activity, and NO were all associated with decrease of CD8 T cells responses and worse vaccination outcome. DNA vaccination thus induces innate immunity by engaging three subsets of myeloid cells, M-MDSCs, CD14+ innate monocyte memory, and CD16+ monocytes all playing different role in protection. The full characterization of the immunological space created by myeloid cell crosstalk will likely provide clues to improve the efficacy of HIV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dallas R. Brown
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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139
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Hannemann N, Cao S, Eriksson D, Schnelzer A, Jordan J, Eberhardt M, Schleicher U, Rech J, Ramming A, Uebe S, Ekici A, Cañete JD, Chen X, Bäuerle T, Vera J, Bogdan C, Schett G, Bozec A. Transcription factor Fra-1 targets arginase-1 to enhance macrophage-mediated inflammation in arthritis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2669-2684. [PMID: 30990796 DOI: 10.1172/jci96832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages is regulated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In this manuscript, we delineated the role of the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) during macrophage activation and development of arthritis. Network level interaction analysis of microarray data derived from Fra-1- or Fra-2-deficient macrophages revealed a central role of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2 in orchestrating the expression of genes related to wound response, toll-like receptor activation and interleukin signaling. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and standard ChIP analyses of macrophages identified arginase 1 (Arg1) as a target of Fra-1. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that Fra-1 down-regulated Arg1 expression by direct binding to the promoter region. Using macrophage-specific Fra-1- or Fra-2- deficient mice, we observed an enhanced expression and activity of Arg1 and a reduction of arthritis in the absence of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2. This phenotype was reversed by treatment with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, while ʟ-arginine supplementation increased arginase activity and alleviated arthritis, supporting the notion that reduced arthritis in macrophage-specific Fra-1-deficient mice resulted from enhanced Arg1 expression and activity. Moreover, patients with active RA showed increased Fra-1 expression in the peripheral blood and elevated Fra-1 protein in synovial macrophages compared to RA patients in remission. In addition, the Fra-1/ARG1 ratio in synovial macrophages was related to RA disease activity. In conclusion, these data suggest that Fra-1 orchestrates the inflammatory state of macrophages by inhibition of Arg1 expression and thereby impedes the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Anne Schnelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona e IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
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140
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Hepatic arginase 2 (Arg2) is sufficient to convey the therapeutic metabolic effects of fasting. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1587. [PMID: 30962478 PMCID: PMC6453920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are emerging therapeutic strategies against obesity, insulin resistance and their complications. However, the effectors that drive this response are not completely defined. Here we identify arginase 2 (Arg2) as a fasting-induced hepatocyte factor that protects against hepatic and peripheral fat accumulation, hepatic inflammatory responses, and insulin and glucose intolerance in obese murine models. Arg2 is upregulated in fasting conditions and upon treatment with the hepatocyte glucose transporter inhibitor trehalose. Hepatocyte-specific Arg2 overexpression enhances basal thermogenesis, and protects from weight gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation in diabetic mouse models. Arg2 suppresses expression of the regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) 16, and genetic RGS16 reconstitution reverses the effects of Arg2 overexpression. We conclude that hepatocyte Arg2 is a critical effector of the hepatic glucose fasting response and define a therapeutic target to mitigate the complications of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fasting is known for its beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes-related health complications. Here Zhang et al. show that fasting induces expression of arginase-2 (Arg2) in the liver, and that hepatic Arg2, by suppressing the expression of the regulator of G-protein signalling 16, recapitulates the positive effects of fasting in obesity and diabetes.
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141
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Forte A, Balistreri CR, De Feo M, Della Corte A, Hellstrand P, Persson L, Nilsson BO. Polyamines and microbiota in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve aortopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:179-187. [PMID: 30825483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic cationic molecules synthesized via a highly regulated pathway and involved in general molecular and cellular phenomena. Both mammalian cells and microorganisms synthesize polyamines, and both sources may contribute to the presence of polyamines in the circulation. The dominant location for microorganisms within the body is the gut. Accordingly, the gut microbiota probably synthesizes most of the polyamines in the circulation in addition to those produced by the mammalian host cells. Polyamines are mandatory for cellular growth and proliferation. Established evidence suggests that the polyamine spermidine prolongs lifespan and improves cardiovascular health in animal models and humans through both local mechanisms, involving improved cardiomyocyte function, and systemic mechanisms, including increased NO bioavailability and reduced systemic inflammation. Higher levels of polyamines have been detected in non-dilated aorta of patients affected by bicuspid aortic valve congenital malformation, an aortopathy associated with an increased risk for thoracic ascending aorta aneurysm. In this review, we discuss metabolism of polyamines and their potential effects on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function in vascular pathology of the thoracic ascending aorta associated with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Forte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marisa De Feo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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142
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Moretto J, Girard C, Demougeot C. The role of arginase in aging: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 116:54-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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143
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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144
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Coskun A, Baykal AT, Oztug M, Kazan D, Kaya E, Emiroglu R, Yılmaz S, Dundar HZ, Akgoz M, Berber I, Aktas H, Bilsel G, Karaosmanoglu K, Çetiner B, Arslan C, Yurtsever I, Yazıcı C. Proteomic Analysis of Liver Preservation Solutions Prior to Liver Transplantation. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180905104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, in clinical practice, functional preservation of the liver is a major concern before the transplantation. Although various protective solutions are used (in combination with hypothermia), the functional preservation time for liver is still limited to hours. We analyzed the preservation medium to detect the proteins released from the liver during storage period.
Material/Methods:
Samples were collected from the pre-transplant preservation mediums of 23 liver donors. For all donors, the cases involved Donation after Brain Death (DBD). 2D-PAGE and LCMSMS methodologies were used to detect the proteins and peptides from the preservation mediums.
Results:
A total of 198 proteins originating from the liver were detected.
Conclusion:
The data provide valuable insights into biomarkers that may be used to evaluate organ injury, functional status, and suitability for transplantation. Additionally, the findings could be valuable for the development of new strategies for effective preservation of solid organs prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oztug
- TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute), Gebze, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Kaya
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Remzi Emiroglu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine,Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezai Yılmaz
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Halit Ziya Dundar
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muslum Akgoz
- TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute), Gebze, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Berber
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine,Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Aktas
- Vocational School of Health Services, Acibadem University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Bilsel
- TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute), Gebze, Turkey
| | - Kubra Karaosmanoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Çetiner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Arslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Yurtsever
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevat Yazıcı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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145
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Choi WS, Yang JI, Kim W, Kim HE, Kim SK, Won Y, Son YO, Chun CH, Chun JS. Critical role for arginase II in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:421-428. [PMID: 30610061 PMCID: PMC6390026 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) appears to be associated with various metabolic disorders, but the potential contribution of amino acid metabolism to OA pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we explored whether alterations in the amino acid metabolism of chondrocytes could regulate OA pathogenesis. Methods Expression profiles of amino acid metabolism-regulating genes in primary-culture passage 0 mouse chondrocytes were examined by microarray analysis, and selected genes were further characterised in mouse OA chondrocytes and OA cartilage of human and mouse models. Experimental OA in mice was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) or intra-articular (IA) injection of adenoviruses expressing catabolic regulators. The functional consequences of arginase II (Arg-II) were examined in Arg2−/− mice and those subjected to IA injection of an adenovirus encoding Arg-II (Ad-Arg-II). Results The gene encoding Arg-II, an arginine-metabolising enzyme, was specifically upregulated in chondrocytes under various pathological conditions and in OA cartilage from human patients with OA and various mouse models. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Arg-II in mouse joint tissues caused OA pathogenesis, whereas genetic ablation of Arg2 in mice (Arg2−/−) abolished all manifestations of DMM-induced OA. Mechanistically, Arg-II appears to cause OA cartilage destruction at least partly by upregulating the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase 3 [MMP3] and MMP13) in chondrocytes via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Conclusions Our results indicate that Arg-II is a crucial regulator of OA pathogenesis in mice. Although chondrocytes of human and mouse do not identically, but similarly, respond to Arg-II, our results suggest that Arg-II could be a therapeutic target of OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Yang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wihak Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Won
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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146
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Beneficial effects of spermidine on cardiovascular health and longevity suggest a cell type-specific import of polyamines by cardiomyocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:265-272. [PMID: 30578348 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent and exciting in vivo studies show that supplementation with the polyamine spermidine (Spd) is cardioprotective and prolongs lifespan in both mice and humans. The mechanisms behind Spd-induced cardioprotection are supposed to involve Spd-evoked stimulation of autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration and improved the mechano-elastical function of cardiomyocytes. Although cellular uptake of Spd was not characterized, these results suggest that Spd is imported by the cardiomyocytes and acts intracellularly. In the light of these new and thrilling data, we discuss in the present review cellular polyamine import with a special focus on mechanisms that may be relevant for Spd uptake by electrically excitable cells such as cardiomyocytes.
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147
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Asano W, Takahashi Y, Kawano M, Hantani Y. Identification of an Arginase II Inhibitor via RapidFire Mass Spectrometry Combined with Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:457-465. [PMID: 30523711 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218812663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an occlusive disease that can lead to atherosclerosis. The involvement of arginase II (Arg II) in PAD progression has been proposed. However, no promising drugs targeting Arg II have been developed to date for the treatment of PAD. In this study, we established a method for detecting the activity of Arg II via high-throughput label-free RapidFire mass spectrometry using hydrophilic interaction chromatography, which enables the direct measurement of l-ornithine produced by Arg II. This approach facilitated a robust high-concentration screening of fragment compounds and the identification of a fragment that inhibits the activity of Arg II. We further confirmed binding of the fragment to the potential allosteric site of Arg II using a surface plasmon resonance assay. We concluded that the identified fragment is a promising compound that may lead to novel drugs to treat PAD, and our method for detecting the activity of Arg II can be applied to large-scale high-throughput screening to identify other structural types of Arg II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Asano
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.,2 Current address: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Kawano
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Hantani
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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148
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Diz-Chaves Y, Toba L, Fandiño J, González-Matías LC, Garcia-Segura LM, Mallo F. The GLP-1 analog, liraglutide prevents the increase of proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of male rat pups submitted to maternal perinatal food restriction. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:337. [PMID: 30518432 PMCID: PMC6282252 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal maternal malnutrition is related to altered growth of tissues and organs. The nervous system development is very sensitive to environmental insults, being the hippocampus a vulnerable structure, in which altered number of neurons and granular cells has been observed. Moreover, glial cells are also affected, and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators has been observed. We studied the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, liraglutide, which have very potent metabolic and neuroprotective effects, in order to ameliorate/prevent the glial alterations present in the hippocampus of the pups from mothers with food restriction during pregnancy and lactation (maternal perinatal food restriction—MPFR). Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 50% food restriction (FR; n = 12) or ad libitum controls (CT, n = 12) groups at day of pregnancy 12 (GD12). From GD14 to parturition, pregnant FR and CT rats were treated with liraglutide (100 μg/kg) or vehicle. At postnatal day 21 and before weaning, 48 males and 45 females (CT and MPFR) were sacrificed. mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κβ, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHCII), interleukin 10 (IL10), arginase 1 (Arg1), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) were assessed in the hippocampus by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Iba1 and GFAP-immunoreactivity were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results The mRNA expression IL1β, IL6, NF-κB, and MHCII increased in the hippocampus of male but not in female pups from MPFR. In addition, there was an increase in the percentage of GFAP and Iba1-immupositive cells in the dentate gyrus compared to controls, indicating an inflammatory response in the brain. On the other hand, liraglutide treatment prevented the neuroinflammatory process, promoting the production of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL10, TGFβ, and arginase 1, and decreasing the number and reactivity of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of male pups. Conclusion Therefore, the GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, emerges as neuroprotective drug that minimizes the harmful effects of maternal food restriction, decreasing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - L Toba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - J Fandiño
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
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149
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He Q, Liu X, Zhong Y, Xu SS, Zhang ZM, Tang LL, Zhang LY, Du LZ. Arginine bioavailability and endothelin-1 system in the regulation of vascular function of umbilical vein endothelial cells from intrauterine growth restricted newborns. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1285-1295. [PMID: 30392707 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality, leading to long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms in IUGR-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were derived from IUGR or normal newborns. We found that the proliferation of IUGR-derived HUVECs was accelerated compared to those from normal subjects. Gene profiles related to vascular function including vasomotion, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis were dysregulated in IUGR-HUVECs. Compared with HUVECs from normal newborns, nitric oxide (NO) production was reduced, with imbalance between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and arginase-2 (Arg-2) in IUGR. Meanwhile, intracellular asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level was elevated with diminished dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) expression in IUGR-HUVECs. Furthermore, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression were increased, and endothelin receptor type-B (ETBR) was reduced in the IUGR group. IUGR-HUVECs exposed to hypoxia increased the ratio of ADMA to l-arginine, HIF-1α and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) expression compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the reduction of NO bioavailability and release results from elevated Arg-2, accumulation of intracellular ADMA, and imbalance of ET-1 and ETBR, further leading to IUGR-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our study provides novel evidence on the mechanism underlying fetal programming associated with IUGR, which will serve as potential therapeutic targets in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular consequences in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q He
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S S Xu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z M Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L L Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - L Y Zhang
- Fujian University of Medicine, NICU, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - L Z Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China.
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da Cunha Colombo Tiveron LR, da Silva IR, da Silva MV, Peixoto AB, Rodrigues DBR, Rodrigues V. High in situ mRNA levels of IL-22, TFG-β, and ARG-1 in keloid scars. Immunobiology 2018; 223:812-817. [PMID: 30146129 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Keloid scars are currently considered a chronic inflammatory process and no longer a benign skin tumor. Keloids are defined as highly inflamed, hyperproliferative pathological scars. Growth factors and cytokines have important functions in the keloid inflammatory etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the in situ expression of cytokines and growth factors in keloid scars in comparison with that in normal scars. Among them, we specifically assessed TGF-β, FGF, IL-33, IL-22, ARG-1, ARG-2, iNOS, VIP, VIP-R1, TAC, and TAC-R1. A total of 98 biopsies were evaluated, including of 53 keloid and 45 normal scars. The age of patients with keloids ranged from 11 to 73 years, with a mean age of 28 years and predominance of the female gender (58.5% of the total patients). Around 64.15% of the patients belonged to the black ethnic group. Evaluated keloids were most commonly located in the earlobe because of ear piercing, representing 73.6% of the cases. We found significantly greater expression of TGF-β, IL-22, and ARG-1 in keloids when compared with that in normal scars. As for IL-33, ARG-2, and VIP-R1, despite the higher number of mRNA copies found in keloids, this difference was not significant. Furthermore, FGF, iNOS, VIP, TAC, and TAC-R1 mRNA levels were not detectable, and therefore these results were inconclusive in this study. Considering these results, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the inflammatory response during cutaneous healing may promote the development of strategies to improve the treatment of patients with keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Rios da Silva
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Borges Peixoto
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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