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Flynn KR, Martin LL, Ackland ML, Torriero AAJ. Real-Time Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring of Free Docosahexaenoic Acid Interactions with Supported Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11717-11727. [PMID: 27728769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid found in mammalian neuronal cell membranes. Although DHA is known to be important for neuronal cell survival, little is know about how DHA interacts with phospholipid bilayers. This study presents a detailed quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) analysis of free DHA interactions with individual and mixed phospholipid supported lipid bilayers (SLB). DHA incorporation and subsequent changes to the SLBs viscoelastic properties were observed to be concentration-dependent, influenced by the phospholipid species, the headgroup charge, and the presence or absence of calcium ions. It was observed that 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) SLBs incorporated the greatest amount of DHA concentration, whereas the presence of phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) in a POPC SLB significantly reduced DHA incorporation and changed the SLBs physicochemical properties. These observations are hypothesized to be due to a substitution event occurring between DHA and phospholipid species. PS domain formation in POPC/PS 8:2 SLBs was observed in the presence of calcium ions, which favored DHA incorporation to a similar level as for a POPC only SLB. The changes in SLB thickness observed with different DHA concentrations are also presented. This work contributes to an understanding of the physical changes induced in a lipid bilayer as a consequence of its exposure to different DHA concentrations (from 50 to 200 μM). The capacity of DHA to influence the physical properties of SLBs indicates the potential for dietary DHA supplementation to cause changes in cellular membranes in vivo, with subsequent physiological consequences for cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera R Flynn
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Leigh Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angel A J Torriero
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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102
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Supercritical CO 2 extraction of black poplar ( Populus nigra L.) extract: Experimental data and fitting of kinetic parameters. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Axelsen PH, Murphy RC, Igarashi M, Rapoport SI. Increased ω6-Containing Phospholipids and Primary ω6 Oxidation Products in the Brain Tissue of Rats on an ω3-Deficient Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164326. [PMID: 27788153 PMCID: PMC5082804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains in both the ω3 and ω6 series are essential for normal animal brain development, and cannot be interconverted to compensate for a dietary deficiency of one or the other. Paradoxically, a dietary ω3-PUFA deficiency leads to the accumulation of docosapentaenoate (DPA, 22:5ω6), an ω6-PUFA chain that is normally scarce in the brain. We applied a high-precision LC/MS method to characterize the distribution of DPA chains across phospholipid headgroup classes, the fatty acyl chains with which they were paired, and the extent to which they were oxidatively damaged in the cortical brain of rats on an ω3-deficient diet. Results indicate that dietary ω3-PUFA deficiency markedly increased the concentrations of phospholipids with DPA chains across all headgroup subclasses, including plasmalogen species. The concentrations of phospholipids containing docosahexaenoate chains (22:6ω3) decreased 20-25%, while the concentrations of phospholipids containing arachidonate chains (20:4ω6) did not change significantly. Although DPA chains are more saturated than DHA chains, a larger fraction of DPA chains were monohydroxylated, particularly among diacyl-phosphatidylethanolamines and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamines, suggesting that they were disproportionately subjected to oxidative stress. Differences in the pathological significance of ω3 and ω6 oxidation products suggest that greater oxidative damage among the ω6 PUFAs that increase in response to dietary ω3 deficiency may have pathological significance in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104–6084, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Mail Stop 8303, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, 80045–0511, United States of America
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
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Ozkan A, Parlak H, Tanriover G, Dilmac S, Ulker SN, Birsen I, Agar A. The protective mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid in mouse model of Parkinson: The role of hemeoxygenase. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:S0197-0186(16)30159-0. [PMID: 27984168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Its major clinical symptoms are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid for neural functions that resides within the neural membrane. A decline in fatty acid concentration is observed in case of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. The present study aimed to explore the role of the heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme in protective effects of DHA administration in an experimental model of PD by using the neurotoxin 1-Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Three-month old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups as Control, DHA-treated (DHA), MPTP-injected (MPTP) and DHA-treated + MPTP injected (DHA + MPTP). DHA was administered daily (36 mg kg-1 day-1) by gavage to DHA and DHA + MPTP groups for 30 days. On the 23rd day of DHA administration, MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 4 × 20 mg kg-1 with 2-hr. intervals. Motor activities of mice were evaluated by pole test, locomotor activity and rotarod tests on the 7th day of the utilization of experimental Parkinson's model. Total brain tissues were used in immunohistochemical analysis of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nuclear factor E2 related factor2 (Nrf2). SN tissues were extracted for biochemical analysis. HO-1 and HO-2 protein levels were detected by western blotting. Further, HO activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. As an indicator of motor coordination and balance, the rotarod test at 40 rpm showed that MPTP-treated animals exhibited shorter time on the rotating rod mill, which was significantly increased by DHA treatment in DHA + MPTP group. The total locomotor activity, ambulatory movement and total distance were decreased in MPTP group, whereas they were improved upon DHA treatment. The results of the pole test indicating the intensity of the bradykinesia showed that the T-turn and T-total were increased in MPTP group, while DHA treatment significantly shortened both parameters. The number of TH-positive cells in SN was significantly reduced in MPTP group compared to the Control and DHA + MPTP groups. Also, immunoreactive Nrf2 levels were clearly increased in MPTP group compared to DHA + MPTP group. HO-1 expression level decreased in the DHA + MPTP group compared to MPTP group. The results of the present study indicated that DHA has protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced experimental model of PD. In addition, the pathways of HO-1 and HO-2 might participate in this protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozkan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Hande Parlak
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sayra Dilmac
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ilknur Birsen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
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Moosavirad SA, Rabbani M, Sharifzadeh M, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. Protective effect of vitamin C, vitamin B12 and omega-3 on lead-induced memory impairment in rat. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:390-396. [PMID: 27920821 PMCID: PMC5122828 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.192490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead belongs to the heavy metal group and is considered as an environmental contaminant. Acute or chronic contact to lead can change the physiological function of human organs. One of the most important disorders following the lead exposure is neurotoxicity. Lead neurotoxicity consists of the neurobehavioral disturbances like cognitive impairment. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin B12 (Vit B12), omega 3 (ω-3), or their combination on the lead-induced memory disorder. Adult wistar rats were orally administered Vit C (120 mg/kg/day) or Vit B12 (1 mg/kg/day) or ω-3 (1000 mg/kg/day) or their combination for 3 weeks in groups of 7 animals each. Then lead acetate (15 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for one week to all pretreated animals. The control group received normal saline as a vehicle while the positive control for cognitive impairment received just lead acetate. At the end of treatments animal memories were evaluated in Object Recognition Task. The results showed, although 15 mg/kg lead acetate significantly declines the memory-evaluating parameters, pretreatment with Vit C, Vit B12, ω-3, or their combination considerably inverted the lead induced reduction in discrimination (d2) index (P < 0.001) and recognition (R) index (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). Our findings indicate while lead acetate impairs spatial memory in rat, administration of Vit C, Vit B12, ω-3, or their combination prior to the lead exposure inhibits the lead induced cognitive loss. There was no remarkable difference in this effect between the used supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Alsadat Moosavirad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini-Sharifabad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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106
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Nemeth M, Millesi E, Puehringer-Sturmayr V, Kaplan A, Wagner KH, Quint R, Wallner B. Sex-specific effects of dietary fatty acids on saliva cortisol and social behavior in guinea pigs under different social environmental conditions. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 27688870 PMCID: PMC5034672 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbalanced dietary intakes of saturated (SFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids can profoundly influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and glucocorticoid secretions in relation to behavioral performances. The beneficial effects of higher dietary PUFA intakes and PUFA:SFA ratios may also affect social interactions and social-living per se, where adequate physiological and behavioral responses are essential to cope with unstable social environmental conditions. METHODS Effects of diets high in PUFAs or SFAs and a control diet were investigated in male and female guinea pigs after 60 days of supplementation. Plasma fatty acid patterns served as an indicator of the general fatty acid status. HPA-axis activities, determined by measuring saliva cortisol concentrations, social behaviors, and hierarchy ranks were analyzed during group housing of established single-sexed groups and during challenging social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals of the other groups. RESULTS The plasma PUFA:SFA ratio was highest in PUFA supplemented animals, with female levels significantly exceeding males, and lowest in SFA animals. SFA males and females showed increased saliva cortisol levels and decreased aggressiveness during group housing, while sociopositive behaviors were lowest in PUFA males. Males generally showed higher cortisol increases in response to the challenging social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals than females. While increasing cortisol concentrations were detected in control and PUFA animals, no such effect was found in SFA animals. During social confrontations, PUFA males showed higher levels of agonistic and sociopositive behaviors and also gained higher dominance ranks among males, which was not detected for females. CONCLUSIONS While SFAs seemingly impaired cortisol responses and social behaviors, PUFAs enabled adequate behavioral responses in male individuals under stressful new social environmental conditions. This sex-specific effect was possibly related to a general sex difference in the n-3 PUFA bioavailability and cortisol responses, which may indicate that males are more susceptible to changing environmental conditions, and shows how dietary fatty acids can shape social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nemeth
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Arthur Kaplan
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Quint
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard Wallner
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Marin R, Fabelo N, Martín V, Garcia-Esparcia P, Ferrer I, Quinto-Alemany D, Díaz M. Anomalies occurring in lipid profiles and protein distribution in frontal cortex lipid rafts in dementia with Lewy bodies disclose neurochemical traits partially shared by Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:52-59. [PMID: 27768960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly dynamic membrane microdomains intimately associated with cell signaling. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that alterations in lipid rafts are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's disease, but at present, whether alterations in lipid raft microdomains occur in other types of dementia such dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remains unknown. Our analyses reveal that lipid rafts from DLB exhibit aberrant lipid profiles including low levels of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly docosahexaenoic acid), plasmalogens and cholesterol, and reduced unsaturation and peroxidability indexes. As a consequence, lipid raft resident proteins holding principal factors of the β-amyloidogenic pathway, including β-amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, β-secretase, and PrP, are redistributed between lipid rafts and nonraft domains in DLB frontal cortex. Meta-analysis discloses certain similarities in the altered composition of lipid rafts between DLB and Parkinson's disease which are in line with the spectrum of Lewy body diseases. In addition, redistribution of proteins linked to the β-amyloidogenic pathway in DLB can facilitate generation of β-amyloid, thus providing mechanistic clues to the intriguing convergence of Alzheimer's disease pathology, particularly β-amyloid deposition, in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Marin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Noemí Fabelo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Instituto Neuropatología, Servicio Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERNED, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Instituto Neuropatología, Servicio Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERNED, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Mario Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Anand P, Sachdeva A. Effect of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids Administration on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:OC01-OC05. [PMID: 27790483 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20423.8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder of childhood. Studies have indicated nutritional deficiencies, particularly Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) deficiency in these children and have suggested supplementation with PUFA for clinical improvement. AIM The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of PUFA administration in Indian children with ADHD. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was conducted in the paediatrics and psychiatry departments of a tertiary care hospital. We conducted a prospective double blind randomized control trial on children aged 4-11 years, diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV TR criterias and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and lifetime version. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects were randomized into study and control groups. The control group was administered Atomoxetine, while the study group received Atomoxetine along with Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Both groups were followed up every 2 weeks over the next 4 months using Conner's Parent Rating Scale - Revised (CPRS-R). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data was carefully analysed by SPSS (17th version) software with the help of a statistician. Confidence interval of 95% was used. The complete data was analysed using appropriate parametric and non parametric tests. Correlation was done between various socio-demographic and illness related parameters. For all analyses, probability of 5% or less was assumed to represent statistical significance. RESULTS Fifty children diagnosed with ADHD were randomized to study group (n=25) and control group (n=25). The study group had greater reduction in ADHD scores as compared to the control group, although not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Improvement was more significant in male study subjects with combined type of ADHD. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that PUFA supplementation improves the symptoms of ADHD. However, the effect is not clinically significant if supplementation is not given for prolonged duration and in adequate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Anand
- Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Sachdeva
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, ESIC Medical College and Hospital , Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Morgese MG, Trabace L. Maternal Malnutrition in the Etiopathogenesis of Psychiatric Diseases: Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Brain Sci 2016; 6:E24. [PMID: 27472366 PMCID: PMC5039453 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal metabolic state and malnutrition dramatically influence the risk for developing psychiatric complications in later adulthood. In this regard, the central role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and particularly n-3 PUFAs, is emerging considering that epidemiological evidences have established a negative correlation between n-3 PUFA consumption and development of mood disorders. These findings were supported by clinical studies indicating that low content of n-3 PUFAs in diet is linked to an increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. PUFAs regulate membrane fluidity and exert their central action by modulating synaptogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Moreover, they are precursors of molecules implicated in modulating immune and inflammatory processes in the brain. Importantly, their tissue concentrations are closely related to diet intake, especially to maternal consumption during embryonal life, considering that their synthesis from essential precursors has been shown to be inefficient in mammals. The scope of this review is to highlight the possible mechanisms of PUFA functions in the brain during pre- and post-natal period and to evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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Shakeri J, Khanegi M, Golshani S, Farnia V, Tatari F, Alikhani M, Nooripour R, Ghezelbash MS. Effects of Omega-3 Supplement in the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:77. [PMID: 27280013 PMCID: PMC4882968 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.182734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids play various physiological roles in the organism; they are crucial for the structure of cell membranes, metabolic processes, transmission of nerve impulses and brain functions. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the rich sources of omega-3 for the treatment of many diseases, especially mental illnesses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplement in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (BID). METHODS In this double-blind clinical trial, 100 patients suffering from BIDs were randomly divided into two, i.e. control (n = 50) and experimental (n = 50) groups. In addition to the other standard treatments, 1000 mg of omega-3 supplement was given to the experimental group on daily basis for 3 months and placebo was given to the control group. The Young Mania Rating Scale was completed for both groups before and after the intervention. Afterward, data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS Before intervention, mean severity of mania in the experimental group (23.50 ± 7.02) and control group (23.70 ± 8.09) was not significant (P ≤ 0.89). The difference after the intervention in the experimental group (10.64 ± 3.3) and control group (20.12 ± 6.78) was significant (P < 0.01). The mean intensity of mania before (23.50 ± 7.02) and after (10.64 ± 3.3) intervention reported to be significant at P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Since omega-3 supplement was effective for the treatment of BID, it is suggested to use omega-3 supplements as an adjuvant therapy along with the other pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Shakeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sanobar Golshani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faeze Tatari
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghih Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, AL Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Lavandera JV, Saín J, Fariña AC, Bernal CA, González MA. N-3 fatty acids reduced trans fatty acids retention and increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in the brain. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:424-435. [PMID: 27098669 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) are critical for the normal structure and function of the brain. Trans fatty acids (TFA) and the source of the dietary fatty acids (FA) interfere with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TFA supplementation in diets containing different proportions of n-9, n-6, and n-3 FA on the brain FA profile, including the retention of TFA, LC-PUFA levels, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios. These parameters were also investigated in the liver, considering that LC-PUFA are mainly bioconverted from their dietary precursors in this tissue and transported by serum to the brain. Also, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expressions were evaluated. METHODS Male CF1 mice were fed (16 weeks) diets containing different oils (olive, corn, and rapeseed) with distinct proportions of n-9, n-6, and n-3 FA (55.2/17.2/0.7, 32.0/51.3/0.9, and 61.1/18.4/8.6), respectively, substituted or not with 0.75% of TFA. FA composition of the brain, liver, and serum was assessed by gas chromatography. RESULTS TFA were incorporated into, and therefore retained in the brain, liver, and serum. However, the magnitude of retention was dependent on the tissue and type of isomer. In the brain, total TFA retention was lower than 1% in all diets. DISCUSSION Dietary n-3 PUFA decreased TFA retention and increased DHA accretion in the brain. The results underscore the importance of the type of dietary FA on the retention of TFA in the brain and also on the changes of the FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Juliana Saín
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Fariña
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrián Bernal
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Marcela Aída González
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2015. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a significant role in the mainstream healthcare system in China for thousands of years. Here, we summarize 84 major compounds from 15 selected herbal medicines targeting neurodegenerative diseases. We present a perspective based on the analysis of physicochemical properties of these TCM compounds, and comparison with current drugs and candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The results demonstrate that traditional Chinese medicines contain compounds possessing physicochemical properties that have excellent overlap with developed western medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Tang
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China and Eskitis-SIMM Joint Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. and Eskitis-SIMM Joint Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. and Eskitis-SIMM Joint Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Australia
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D'Ascoli TA, Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Kauhanen J, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK. Association between serum long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive performance in elderly men and women: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:970-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Scaglia N, Chatkin J, Chapman KR, Ferreira I, Wagner M, Selby P, Allard J, Zamel N. The relationship between omega-3 and smoking habit: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:61. [PMID: 27004534 PMCID: PMC4804563 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are related to several diseases, including smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between omega-3 intake and tobacco smoking, taking into account the qualitative differences in dietary intake between smokers and non-smokers, the amount of the ingested PUFA and their red blood (RBC) contents. We also looked for an association between omega-3 RBC content and smoking, and also between omega3 intake and the level of nicotine dependence. Methods Using a cross-sectional study, we included 50 current smokers (group I) and 50 lifetime non-smokers (group II), aged 18–75 years. We screened them at the Toronto Western Hospital and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Toronto, Canada). The subjects completed a questionnaire with demographic data, lifestyle habits and details of food intake. The PUFAs measured in the RBC membranes were alphalinolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In order to perform an adjusted comparison between smokers and non-smokers we used the ANCOVA model. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, non-smokers showed higher consumption of PUFAs, especially salmon: 800 g (0–7.740) than smokers 430 g (0–2.150) P < 0.001. They also had higher DHA levels compared to smokers: 4.81 % (2.79–10.21) and 4.13 % (2.33–7.73), respectively, p < 0.05. The other PUFAs showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Smokers ate less fish rich in omega3 fatty acids than non-smokers, showing and inverse and significant relationship between omega3 intake and smoking. Smokers had lower levels of DHA and EPA, a not previously reported finding. Considering that PUFAs probably interfere in smoking habit, the increase in omega-3 consumption may become a perspective in prevention or treatment of smoking. However, this inference must be evaluated through specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóris Scaglia
- Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Chatkin
- Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS - Centro Clínico, 6690 Ipiranga Ave, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610000, Brazil.
| | - Kenneth R Chapman
- Asthma & Airway Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Asthma and Airways Centre, McMaster University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ivone Ferreira
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Wagner
- Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Peter Selby
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johane Allard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Noe Zamel
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Salari V, Scholkmann F, Bokkon I, Shahbazi F, Tuszynski J. The Physical Mechanism for Retinal Discrete Dark Noise: Thermal Activation or Cellular Ultraweak Photon Emission? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148336. [PMID: 26950936 PMCID: PMC4780715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades the physical mechanism underlying discrete dark noise of photoreceptors in the eye has remained highly controversial and poorly understood. It is known that the Arrhenius equation, which is based on the Boltzmann distribution for thermal activation, can model only a part (e.g. half of the activation energy) of the retinal dark noise experimentally observed for vertebrate rod and cone pigments. Using the Hinshelwood distribution instead of the Boltzmann distribution in the Arrhenius equation has been proposed as a solution to the problem. Here, we show that the using the Hinshelwood distribution does not solve the problem completely. As the discrete components of noise are indistinguishable in shape and duration from those produced by real photon induced photo-isomerization, the retinal discrete dark noise is most likely due to ‘internal photons’ inside cells and not due to thermal activation of visual pigments. Indeed, all living cells exhibit spontaneous ultraweak photon emission (UPE), mainly in the optical wavelength range, i.e., 350–700 nm. We show here that the retinal discrete dark noise has a similar rate as UPE and therefore dark noise is most likely due to spontaneous cellular UPE and not due to thermal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Salari
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS), 8038 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Bokkon
- Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita Street, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
- Psychoszomatic OutPatient Department of the National Center for Spinal Disorders, Budapest H-1126, Hungary
| | - Farhad Shahbazi
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, T6G 2J1, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in the brain and can affect neurological function by modulating signal transduction pathways, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, membrane receptor function, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, membrane integrity and membrane organization. DHA is rapidly accumulated in the brain during gestation and early infancy, and the availability of DHA via transfer from maternal stores impacts the degree of DHA incorporation into neural tissues. The consumption of DHA leads to many positive physiological and behavioral effects, including those on cognition. Advanced cognitive function is uniquely human, and the optimal development and aging of cognitive abilities has profound impacts on quality of life, productivity, and advancement of society in general. However, the modern diet typically lacks appreciable amounts of DHA. Therefore, in modern populations, maintaining optimal levels of DHA in the brain throughout the lifespan likely requires obtaining preformed DHA via dietary or supplemental sources. In this review, we examine the role of DHA in optimal cognition during development, adulthood, and aging with a focus on human evidence and putative mechanisms of action.
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Weiser MJ, Butt CM, Mohajeri MH. Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cognition throughout the Lifespan. Nutrients 2016; 8:99. [PMID: 26901223 PMCID: PMC4772061 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in the brain and can affect neurological function by modulating signal transduction pathways, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, membrane receptor function, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, membrane integrity and membrane organization. DHA is rapidly accumulated in the brain during gestation and early infancy, and the availability of DHA via transfer from maternal stores impacts the degree of DHA incorporation into neural tissues. The consumption of DHA leads to many positive physiological and behavioral effects, including those on cognition. Advanced cognitive function is uniquely human, and the optimal development and aging of cognitive abilities has profound impacts on quality of life, productivity, and advancement of society in general. However, the modern diet typically lacks appreciable amounts of DHA. Therefore, in modern populations, maintaining optimal levels of DHA in the brain throughout the lifespan likely requires obtaining preformed DHA via dietary or supplemental sources. In this review, we examine the role of DHA in optimal cognition during development, adulthood, and aging with a focus on human evidence and putative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Christopher M Butt
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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Farooqui Z, Afsar M, Rizwan S, Khan AA, Khan F. Oral administration of Nigella sativa oil ameliorates the effect of cisplatin on membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative damage in rat liver. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:328-335. [PMID: 28959553 PMCID: PMC5615832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a potent anti-cancer drug widely used against solid tumors. However, it exhibits pronounced adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. Several strategies were attempted to prevent CP hepatotoxicity but were not found suitable for therapeutic application. Nigella sativa has been shown to prevent/reduce the progression of certain type of cardiovascular, kidney and liver diseases. Present study investigates whether N. sativa oil (NSO) can prevent CP induced hepatotoxic effects. Rats were divided into four groups viz. control, CP, NSO and CPNSO. Animals in CPNSO and NSO group were administered NSO (2 ml/kg bwt, orally) with or without single hepatotoxic dose of CP (6 mg/kg bwt, i.p.) respectively. CP hepatotoxicity was recorded by increased serum ALT and AST activities. CP treatment caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, the activities of various carbohydrate metabolism and membrane enzymes were altered by CP treatment. In contrast, NSO administration to CP treated rats, markedly ameliorated the CP elicited deleterious alterations in liver. Histopathological observations showed extensive liver damage in CP treated animals while greatly reduced tissue injury in CPNSO group. In conclusion, NSO appears to protect CP induced hepatotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and strengthening antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Key Words
- ACPase, acid phosphatase
- ALP, alkaline phosphatise
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferases
- Antioxidant
- BBM, brush border membrane
- BBMV, BBM vesicles
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CAT, catalase
- CP, cisplatin
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Chl, cholesterol
- Cisplatin
- FBPase, fructose 1,6
- G6PDH, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- G6Pase, glucose 6-phosphatase
- GGTase, γ-glutamyl transferase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSHPx, glutathione peroxidise
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Glc, glucose
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HK, hexokinase
- LAP, leucine aminopeptidase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- ME, malic enzyme
- NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced
- NSO, Nigella sativa oil
- Nigella sativa oil
- PLs, phospholipids
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Pi, inorganic phosphate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SH, sulfhydryl
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Scr, serum creatinine
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TR, thioredoxin reductase
- μm, micrometer
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Mohammad Afsar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sana Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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dos Santos P, de Aguiar AC, Viganó J, Boeing JS, Visentainer JV, Martínez J. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of cumbaru oil ( Dipteryx alata Vogel) assisted by ultrasound: Global yield, kinetics and fatty acid composition. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tan LC, Methawasin K, Tan EK, Tan JH, Au WL, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Dietary cholesterol, fats and risk of Parkinson's disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:86-92. [PMID: 25669745 PMCID: PMC4929981 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies on lipids and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Asian populations are sparse. This study prospectively examined the associations between dietary cholesterol and major fatty acids, and risk of PD among the Chinese in Singapore. METHODS This study used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 63 257 men and women aged 45-74 years in Singapore enrolled in 1993-1998. Dietary intakes of cholesterol and fatty acids were derived from a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Singapore Food Composition Table. Incident PD cases were identified either through follow-up interviews or record linkage analysis with hospital discharge and PD outpatient registries. RESULTS After an average of 14.6 years, 218 men and 193 women in the cohort developed PD. Dietary cholesterol was associated with statistically significantly lower risk of PD in a dose-dependent manner among men after adjustment for established risk factors for PD and intakes of major fatty acids. Compared to the lowest quartile, HR (95% CI) for the highest quartile was 0.53 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.84) (P for trend=0.006). Among women, dietary monounsaturated fatty acid was inversely associated with PD risk (P for trend=0.033). Compared to the lowest quartile, HR for the highest quartile was 0.44 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.88). There was no statistically significant association between dietary saturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and PD risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids may reduce risk of PD in men and women, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kulthida Methawasin
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - June H Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing-Lok Au
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Increased ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid/arachidonic acid ratios and upregulation of signaling mediator in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Life Sci 2015; 145:205-12. [PMID: 26724495 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The investigation of links between the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs and neuronal signaling is a research priority in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). MAIN METHODS We examine the relationships between the plasma ratios of docosahexaenoid acid (DHA)/arachidonic acid (AA) and eicopentaenoic acid (EPA)/AA and biomarkers of AA-related signaling mediators such as ceruloplasmin, transferrin and superoxide dismutase, in the behavioral symptoms of 28 individuals with ASD (mean age 13.5±4.6years) and 21 age- and gender-matched normal healthy controls (mean age 13.9±5.7years). Behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Aberrant Behavior Checklists (ABC). We conducted controlling for dietary intake and assessed the dietary intake of nutrients. KEY FINDINGS There were no significant differences in intake of nutrients such as omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, DHA, AA, iron and copper. Plasma EPA, DHA, and arachidic acid levels, and plasma DHA/AA and EPA/AA ratios were significantly higher, while plasma AA and adrenic acid were significantly lower in the 28 individuals with ASD than in the 21 normal controls. The ABC scores were significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group. The plasma ceruloplasmin levels in the ASD group were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group. SIGNIFICANCE Increased plasma DHA/AA and EPA/AA ratios may be related to low plasma levels of ceruloplasmin which has neuroprotective properties. Reduced plasma ceruloplasmin levels may diminish the protective capacity against brain damage, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of behavioral symptoms in individuals with ASD.
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Influence of dietary replacement of sunflower oil with milk thistle (Silybum marianum) oil on chicken meat quality and antioxidant status of liver. ACTA VET BRNO 2015. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201584040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The research focused on the effects of dietary replacement of 3% sunflower oil (SO group) with 3% milk thistle oil (MTO group) on the technological quality of meat, such as pH value, colour (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*), drip loss (%), shear force (N), and cooking loss (%), as well as on the content of fatty acid lipids in broiler breast and thigh muscles. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was determined for pHi, pHu, CIE a*, CIE b* values between groups, although the values for the stated indicators were within the standard range. Lipids of breast meat of the MTO group contained more arachidic acid (P < 0.001), octadecenoic acid isomer B (P = 0.047) and eicosatrienoic acid (P = 0.041), and less α-linolenic acid (P < 0.001) and Σn-3PUFA. Lipids of thigh meat of the MTO group contained more ΣSFA, myristoleic acid, eicosatrienoic acid (P < 0.05) and eicosenoic acid (P < 0.001), and less α-linolenic acid, and had narrower Σn-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than the SO group. According to the antioxidant status of broiler liver, there was significantly higher catalase activity determined in the MTO group.
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Dorajoo R, Sun Y, Han Y, Ke T, Burger A, Chang X, Low HQ, Guan W, Lemaitre RN, Khor CC, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Ong CN, Tai ES, Liu J, van Dam RM, Heng CK, Friedlander Y. A genome-wide association study of n-3 and n-6 plasma fatty acids in a Singaporean Chinese population. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:53. [PMID: 26584805 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a major impact on human health. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic loci that are associated with plasma levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in primarily subjects of European ancestry. However, the relevance of these findings has not been evaluated extensively in other ethnic groups. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate for genetic loci associated with n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and to validate the role of recently identified index loci using data from a Singaporean Chinese population. Using a GWAS approach, we evaluated associations with plasma concentrations of three n-3 PUFAs [alphalinolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid], four n-6 PUFAs [linoleic acid (LA), gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid], and estimates of delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase activities among the participants (N = 1361) of the Singaporean Chinese Health Study. Our results reveal robust genome-wide associations (p value <5 × 10(-8)) with ALA, all four n-6 PUFAs, and delta-6 desaturase activity at the FADS1/FADS2 locus. We further replicated the associations between common index variants at the NTAN1/PDXDC1 locus and n-6 PUFAs LA and DGLA, and between the JMJD1C locus and n-6 PUFA LA (p value between 0.0490 and 9.88 × 10(-4)). These associations were independent of dietary intake of PUFAs. In aggregate, we show that genetic loci that influence plasma concentrations of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are shared across different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Sun
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingjing Ke
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayala Burger
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Unit of Epidemiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Qi Low
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Unit of Epidemiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the behavioural effects of vitamin, mineral and n-3 fatty acid supplementation in typically developing adolescent schoolchildren. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:361-73. [PMID: 26573368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies have been implicated in anti-social behaviour in schoolchildren; hence, correcting them may improve sociability. We therefore tested the effects of vitamin, mineral and n-3 supplementation on behaviour in a 12-week double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial in typically developing UK adolescents aged 13-16 years (n 196). Changes in erythrocyte n-3 and 6 fatty acids and some mineral and vitamin levels were measured and compared with behavioural changes, using Conners' teacher ratings and school disciplinary records. At baseline, the children's PUFA (n-3 and n-6), vitamin and mineral levels were low, but they improved significantly in the group treated with n-3, vitamins and minerals (P=0·0005). On the Conners disruptive behaviour scale, the group given the active supplements improved, whereas the placebo group worsened (F=5·555, d=0·35; P=0·02). The general level of disciplinary infringements was low, thus making it difficult to obtain improvements. However, throughout the school term school disciplinary infringements increased significantly (by 25 %; Bayes factor=115) in both the treated and untreated groups. However, when the subjects were split into high and low baseline infringements, the low subset increased their offences, whereas the high-misbehaviour subset appeared to improve after treatment. But it was not possible to determine whether this was merely a statistical artifact. Thus, when assessed using the validated and standardised Conners teacher tests (but less clearly when using school discipline records in a school where misbehaviour was infrequent), supplementary nutrition might have a protective effect against worsening behaviour.
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125
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Lauterbach R. A supplementation of DHA and AA to human milk-fed VLBW infants has no significant cognitive improvement or measurable neuroanatomical effects when evaluated at 8 years of age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:177. [PMID: 26282164 DOI: 10.1136/ebmed-2015-110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Lauterbach
- Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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126
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Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits: The Role of Fat and Sugar, Potential Mechanisms and Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2015; 7:6719-38. [PMID: 26274972 PMCID: PMC4555146 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of vital importance to understand how the foods which are making us fat also act to impair cognition. In this review, we compare the effects of acute and chronic exposure to high-energy diets on cognition and examine the relative contributions of fat (saturated and polyunsaturated) and sugar to these deficits. Hippocampal-dependent memory appears to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of high-energy diets and these deficits can occur rapidly and prior to weight gain. More chronic diet exposure seems necessary however to impair other sorts of memory. Many potential mechanisms have been proposed to underlie diet-induced cognitive decline and we will focus on inflammation and the neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Finally, given supplementation of diets with omega-3 and curcumin has been shown to have positive effects on cognitive function in healthy ageing humans and in disease states, we will discuss how these nutritional interventions may attenuate diet-induced cognitive decline. We hope this approach will provide important insights into the causes of diet-induced cognitive deficits, and inform the development of novel therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate such memory impairments.
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127
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Li MY, Wang YY, Cao R, Hou XH, Zhang L, Yang RH, Wang F. Dietary fish oil inhibits mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic rats by blocking nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1147-55. [PMID: 26118694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common complications of early-onset diabetes mellitus is peripheral diabetic neuropathy, which is manifested either by loss of nociception or by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease in human beings with characteristic symptoms of hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been shown anti-inflammatory role in various experimental conditions. The present study investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation on the inflammation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. The effects of diabetes and fish oil treatment on the allodynia and hyperalgesia were also evaluated. Dietary fish oil effectively attenuated both allodynia and hyperalgesia induce by STZ injection. Along with the behavioral findings, DRG from fish oil-treated diabetic rats displayed a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) compared with untreated diabetic rats. Fish oil supplementation also increased the phosphorylation of AKT in DRG of diabetic rats. These results suggested that dietary fish oil-inhibited allodynia and hyperalgesia in diabetic rats may stem from its anti-inflammatory potential by regulating NF-κB and AKT. Fish oil might be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China.
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Nemova NN, Nefedova ZA, Murzina SA, Veselov AE, Ripatti PO, Pavlov DS. The effect of environmental conditions on the dynamics of fatty acids in juveniles of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). RUSS J ECOL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s106741361503008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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129
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Incorporation of Alpha-Linolenic Acid and Enhancement of n-3 Fatty Acids in Nile Tilapia: a Factorial Design. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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130
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli Kuczmarski MT, Beydoun HA, Rostant OS, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Associations of the Ratios of n-3 to n-6 Dietary Fatty Acids With Longitudinal Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among US Women. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:691-705. [PMID: 25855645 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined longitudinal changes in self-reported depressive symptoms (and related domains) in relation to baseline intakes of n-3 fatty acids (absolute and relative to n-6 fatty acids). Sex-specific associations were evaluated in a prospective cohort of adults (n = 2,053) from Baltimore, Maryland, who were 30-64 years of age at baseline and were followed for a mean of 4.65 (standard deviation, 0.93) years (2004-2013). Using mean intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids reported on two 24-hour dietary recalls, we estimated the ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids for both highly unsaturated fatty acids (≥20 carbon atoms) (HUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥18 carbon atoms) (PUFAs). Outcomes included total and domain-specific scores on the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Based on mixed-effects regression models, among women, both higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were associated with a slower rate of increase in total Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scores over time. Higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA ratios were associated with slower increases in somatic complaints in men, whereas among women, higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were both linked to putative longitudinal improvement in positive affect over time. Among US adults, n-3:n-6 dietary fatty acid ratio was associated with longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms, with a higher ratio linked to a slower increase in depressive symptoms over time, particularly among women.
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131
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Otsuka R, Kato Y, Imai T, Ando F, Shimokata H. Secular trend of serum docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid concentrations among Japanese-a 4- and 13-year descriptive epidemiologic study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 94:35-42. [PMID: 25441967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have shown age-related increases in blood docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid and decreases in arachidonic acid. We describe serum docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acid concentrations over 13 years (1997-2012) across four study waves and serum fatty acid composition over 4 years (2006-2012) between two study waves according to age groups by sex in the same subjects. We included 443 men and 435 women aged 40-79 years at baseline. Serum arachidonic acid concentrations increased in all sex and age groups over 13 years, and eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid concentrations increased in males and females who were younger and middle-aged at baseline. Only serum arachidonic acid composition increased over 4 years in men and women who were 40-69 years at baseline, even after adjustment for arachidonic acid intake. These findings suggest a secular increase trend in serum arachidonic acid levels over 13 years among randomly selected community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Otsuka
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 430 7-Choume, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kato
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 430 7-Choume, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imai
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 430 7-Choume, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Faculty of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women׳s College of Liberal Arts, Teramachi Nishiiru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 430 7-Choume, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 430 7-Choume, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Art and Science, 57 Takenoyama, Iwasaki, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
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132
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Kent M, Welladsen HM, Mangott A, Li Y. Nutritional evaluation of Australian microalgae as potential human health supplements. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118985. [PMID: 25723496 PMCID: PMC4344213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the biochemical suitability of Australian native microalgal species Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp., and a chlorophytic polyculture as nutritional supplements for human health. The four microalgal cultures were harvested during exponential growth, lyophilized, and analysed for proximate composition (moisture, ash, lipid, carbohydrates, and protein), pigments, and amino acid and fatty acid profiles. The resulting nutritional value, based on biochemical composition, was compared to commercial Spirulina and Chlorella products. The Australian native microalgae exhibited similar, and in several cases superior, organic nutritional properties relative to the assessed commercial products, with biochemical profiles rich in high-quality protein, nutritious polyunsaturated fats (such as α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid), and antioxidant pigments. These findings indicate that the microalgae assessed have great potential as multi-nutrient human health supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kent
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Heather M. Welladsen
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Arnold Mangott
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- MBD Energy Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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133
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Rodrigo MF, Rodrigo MF, Rafaella AZL, Denise AR, Estela DRQ, Mariana AB, Pedro HSC, Angelita DC, Celeste MPDA. Chemical constituents of chich (Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naud.) seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2014.9235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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134
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Liu JJ, Green P, John Mann J, Rapoport SI, Sublette ME. Pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid utilization: implications for brain function in neuropsychiatric health and disease. Brain Res 2015; 1597:220-46. [PMID: 25498862 PMCID: PMC4339314 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have profound effects on brain development and function. Abnormalities of PUFA status have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pathophysiologic mechanisms could involve not only suboptimal PUFA intake, but also metabolic and genetic abnormalities, defective hepatic metabolism, and problems with diffusion and transport. This article provides an overview of physiologic factors regulating PUFA utilization, highlighting their relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Pnina Green
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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135
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Dietary factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:672838. [PMID: 25688361 PMCID: PMC4320877 DOI: 10.1155/2015/672838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The majority of cases do not arise from purely genetic factors, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Well-established environmental toxins important in PD include pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. However, many toxicants linked to PD and used in animal models are rarely encountered. In this context, other factors such as dietary components may represent daily exposures and have gained attention as disease modifiers. Several in vitro, in vivo, and human epidemiological studies have found a variety of dietary factors that modify PD risk. Here, we critically review findings on association between dietary factors, including vitamins, flavonoids, calorie intake, caffeine, alcohol, and metals consumed via food and fatty acids and PD. We have also discussed key data on heterocyclic amines that are produced in high-temperature cooked meat, which is a new emerging field in the assessment of dietary factors in neurological diseases. While more research is clearly needed, significant evidence exists that specific dietary factors can modify PD risk.
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136
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Wu S, Ding Y, Wu F, Li R, Hou J, Mao P. Omega-3 fatty acids intake and risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 48:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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137
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138
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Lee HJ, Han J, Jang Y, Kim SJ, Park JH, Seo KS, Jeong S, Shin S, Lim K, Heo JY, Kweon GR. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents paraquat-induced reactive oxygen species production in dopaminergic neurons via enhancement of glutathione homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 457:95-100. [PMID: 25545062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are reduced in the substantia nigra area in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models, implicating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a potential treatment for preventing Parkinson's disease and suggesting the need for investigations into how DHA might protect against neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron loss. The herbicide paraquat (PQ) induces dopaminergic neuron loss through the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that treatment of dopaminergic SN4741 cells with PQ reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but pretreatment with DHA ameliorated the toxic effect of PQ. To determine the toxic mechanism of PQ, we measured intracellular ROS content in different organelles with specific dyes. As expected, all types of ROS were increased by PQ treatment, but DHA pretreatment selectively decreased cytosolic hydrogen peroxide content. Furthermore, DHA treatment-induced increases in glutathione reductase and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) mRNA expression were positively correlated with glutathione (GSH) content. Consistent with this increase in GCLm mRNA levels, Western blot analysis revealed that DHA pretreatment increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels. These findings indicate that DHA prevents PQ-induced neuronal cell loss by enhancing Nrf2-regulated GSH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sik Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Brainscience Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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139
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Tang KS. Protective effect of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:197. [PMID: 25522984 PMCID: PMC4320435 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is being characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. The protective effect of omega-6 fatty acids is unclear. There are lots of contradictions in the literature with regard to the cytoprotective role of arachidonic acid. To date, there is no solid evidence that shows the protective role of omega-6 fatty acids in Parkinson’s disease. In the current study, the potential of two omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined. Methods Cultured PC12 cells were either treated with MPP+ alone or co-treated with one of the omega-6 fatty acids for 1 day. Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Cells treated with 500 μM MPP+ for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. Linoleic acid (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced MPP+-induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. The protective effect could be mimicked by arachidonic acid, but not by ciglitazone. Conclusions Both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are able to inhibit MPP+-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. The protection is not mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Overall, the results suggest the potential role of omega-6 fatty acids in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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140
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of maternal diet and erythrocyte phospholipid status in Chilean pregnant women. Nutrients 2014; 6:4918-34. [PMID: 25386693 PMCID: PMC4245572 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilean diets are characterized by a low supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which are critical nutrients during pregnancy and lactation, because of their role in brain and visual development. DHA is the most relevant n-3 PUFA in this period. We evaluated the dietary n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocyte phospholipids n-3 PUFA in Chilean pregnant women. Eighty healthy pregnant women (20-36 years old) in the 3rd-6th month of pregnancy were included in the study. Dietary assessment was done applying a food frequency questionnaire, and data were analyzed through the Food Processor SQL® software. Fatty acids of erythrocyte phospholipids were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. Diet composition was high in saturated fat, low in mono- and PUFA, high in n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid) and low in n-3 PUFA (alpha-linolenic acid and DHA), with imbalance in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Similar results were observed for fatty acids from erythrocyte phospholipids. The sample of Chilean pregnant women showed high consumption of saturated fat and low consumption of n-3 PUFA, which is reflected in the low DHA content of erythrocyte phospholipids. Imbalance between n-6/n-3 PUFA could negatively affect fetal development. New strategies are necessary to improve n-3 PUFA intake throughout pregnancy and breast feeding periods. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop dietary interventions to improve the quality of consumed foods with particular emphasis on n-3 PUFA.
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141
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Banti C, Gkaniatsou E, Kourkoumelis N, Manos M, Tasiopoulos A, Bakas T, Hadjikakou S. Assessment of organotins against the linoleic acid, glutathione and CT-DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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142
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Hu N, Zhang S, Ji Z, You J, Suo Y. Determination of Fatty Acids in Three NitrariaSpecies by Precolumn Fluorescence Labeling for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.913173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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143
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Kaur N, Chugh V, Gupta AK. Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods- a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:2289-303. [PMID: 25328170 PMCID: PMC4190204 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the recent decades, awareness towards the role of essential fatty acids in human health and disease prevention has been unremittingly increasing among people. Fish, fish oils and some vegetable oils are rich sources of essential fatty acids. Many studies have positively correlated essential fatty acids with reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, infant development, cancer prevention, optimal brain and vision functioning, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders. Beneficial effects may be mediated through several different mechanisms, including alteration in cell membrane composition, gene expression or eicosanoid production. However, the mechanisms whereby essential fatty acids affect gene expression are complex and involve multiple processes. Further understanding of the molecular aspects of essential fatty acids will be the key to devising novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Kaur
- />Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Vishal Chugh
- />Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173107 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Anil K. Gupta
- />Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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144
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Barbosa M, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Bioactive compounds from macroalgae in the new millennium: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4934-72. [PMID: 25257784 PMCID: PMC4178484 DOI: 10.3390/md12094934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine environment has proven to be a rich source of structurally diverse and complex compounds exhibiting numerous interesting biological effects. Macroalgae are currently being explored as novel and sustainable sources of bioactive compounds for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Given the increasing prevalence of different forms of dementia, researchers have been focusing their attention on the discovery and development of new compounds from macroalgae for potential application in neuroprotection. Neuroprotection involves multiple and complex mechanisms, which are deeply related. Therefore, compounds exerting neuroprotective effects through different pathways could present viable approaches in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In fact, several studies had already provided promising insights into the neuroprotective effects of a series of compounds isolated from different macroalgae species. This review will focus on compounds from macroalgae that exhibit neuroprotective effects and their potential application to treat and/or prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbosa
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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145
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Dong J, Beard JD, Umbach DM, Park Y, Huang X, Blair A, Kamel F, Chen H. Dietary fat intake and risk for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1623-30. [PMID: 25186946 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have generated inconsistent results regarding the associations between dietary fat intakes and risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). We therefore prospectively examined these associations in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study. A 124-item food frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline in1995 to 1996, and PD diagnosis was self-reported at the follow-up survey in 2004 to 2006. A total of 1,087 cases with a PD diagnosis between 2000 and 2006 and 299,617 controls were included in the analyses. Overall, intakes of fats and other macronutrients were not associated with PD risk. However, we found a weak positive association between n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the risk for PD. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between extreme quintiles of n-6 PUFA intake was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.02-1.49, P for trend = 0.02). A similar association was observed for the intake of linoleic acid. Results were similar among men and among women. Our study suggests that fat intake in general is not related to the risk for PD. The weak positive association between intake of n-6 PUFA and PD risk needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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146
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Zhou L, Zhao M, Bindler F, Marchioni E. Comparison of the volatiles formed by oxidation of phosphatidylcholine to triglyceride in model systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8295-8301. [PMID: 25090158 DOI: 10.1021/jf501934w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stability of oleoyl and linoleoyl residues esterified in the form of triglyceride (TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) during thermal treatment was investigated. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the volatile compounds from oxidized PL and TAG molecular species. The results showed that aldehydes were the major volatile oxidized compounds (VOCs) of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SLPC), and 1,3-distearoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (SLS), while ketones, especially saturated methyl ketones, were the major VOCs of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS). The monitoring of the oxidative degradation using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that either monounsaturated or diunsaturated fatty acyl groups were less oxidized when in the form of PCs than when in the form of TAGs. This finding demonstrated that the choline group in the form of PCs could increase the stability of fatty acyl groups to oxidation in comparison to TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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147
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Yamada D, Takeo J, Koppensteiner P, Wada K, Sekiguchi M. Modulation of fear memory by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids via cannabinoid receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1852-60. [PMID: 24518289 PMCID: PMC4059893 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, several studies have suggested benefits of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for patients with anxiety disorders. Elevated fear is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of particular anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the dietary n-3 to n-6 PUFA (3:6) ratio influences fear memory. For this purpose, the effects of various dietary 3:6 ratios on fear memory were examined in mice using contextual fear conditioning, and the effects of these diets on central synaptic transmission were examined to elucidate the mechanism of action of PUFA. We found that fear memory correlated negatively with dietary, serum, and brain 3:6 ratios in mice. The low fear memory in mice fed a high 3:6 ratio diet was increased by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, reaching a level seen in mice fed a low 3:6 ratio diet. The agonist sensitivity of CB1 receptor was enhanced in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) of mice fed a high 3:6 ratio diet, compared with that of mice fed a low 3:6 ratio diet. Similar enhancement was induced by pharmacological expulsion of cholesterol in the neuronal membrane of brain slices from mice fed a low 3:6 ratio diet. CB1 receptor-mediated short-term synaptic plasticity was facilitated in pyramidal neurons of the BLA in mice fed a high 3:6 ratio diet. These results suggest that the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA is a factor regulating fear memory via cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiro Takeo
- Central Research Laboratory, Tokyo Innovation Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Koppensteiner
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan,Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, Tel: +81 423 41 2711, Fax: +81 423 46 1745, E-mail: or
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148
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Sun LJ, Hou XH, Xue SH, Yan F, Dai YJ, Zhao CH, Wang F, Yang RH. Fish oil modulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling pathway in diabetes-induced hippocampal neurons apoptosis. Brain Res 2014; 1574:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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149
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Scrimgeour AG, Condlin ML. Nutritional Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:989-99. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angus G. Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle L. Condlin
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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150
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González-Domínguez R, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL. Combination of metabolomic and phospholipid-profiling approaches for the study of Alzheimer's disease. J Proteomics 2014; 104:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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