101
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Thiosemicarbazide-grafted graphene oxide as superior adsorbent for highly efficient and selective removal of mercury ions from water. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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102
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Clackett SP, Porter TJ, Lehnherr I. The tree-ring mercury record of Klondike gold mining at Bear Creek, central Yukon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115777. [PMID: 33120147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of elemental mercury (Hg0) to enhance placer gold recovery is an effective method dating back centuries, but is associated with significant atmospheric Hg0 losses. This method was widely used in the Canadian Klondike region during most of the 20th century when the mining industry experienced rapid growth. While the health risks associated with Hg0 pollution are now well understood, few studies have assessed the environmental legacy of Hg0 use in the Klondike. We used an annually resolved Picea glauca tree-ring Hg record (1864-2015) to reconstruct and evaluate changes in local atmospheric Hg0 concentrations associated with gold production at the Bear Creek mining camp. Major temporal trends in the record are consistent with the scale of Bear Creek operations and are distinct from background trends at an unimpacted control site. Tree-ring Hg concentration increased most rapidly from 1923 to 1930, a period when several major mining operations were consolidated at Bear Creek. The highest Hg concentrations, ∼2.5× greater than pre-mining era, occurred in the 1930s, coinciding with maximum gold production at this site. Post-World War II economic factors adversely affected the industry, causing declining tree-ring Hg concentrations from 1939 to 1966. Closure of the Bear Creek camp in 1966 coincided with the strongest tree-ring Hg decline, although a return to background levels did not occur until the 1990s, likely due to re-emission of legacy Hg0 from contaminated soils. Finally, a robust increase was observed over the last decade, similar to other tree-ring Hg records in N.W. Canada, which is linked to rising Hg0 emissions in Asia. The Bear Creek tree-ring Hg record provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of Klondike gold mining on the local environment at annual resolution and demonstrates great potential to use Picea tree rings to study past changes in atmospheric Hg0 from local and global emissions. MAIN FINDINGS: A 151-year long, annually resolved tree-ring Hg record was developed at a historic Klondike gold-mining site to investigate the influence of mining-related Hg0 emissions on the local atmosphere and environment. Compared to a control site, the tree-ring Hg record documents highly elevated atmospheric Hg0 concentrations during the period mining activities were ongoing at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney P Clackett
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto - Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Trevor J Porter
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto - Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
| | - Igor Lehnherr
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto - Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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103
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Atmospheric Mercury Pollution in the Xi’an Area, China, Studied by Differential Absorption Lidar. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the atmospheric concentration of polluting atomic mercury were performed using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique in the Lintong district, about 35 km northeast of Xi’an, the capital of the Shaanxi province, China. Concentrations ranging from 2 to 13 ng/m3 were observed. As uniquely enabled by the lidar technique, representative average concentrations, integrated over a considerable volume, were recorded and put in relation to weather conditions, and vertical concentration profiles were measured. Considerable local non-uniformities were also observed, which may indicate the presence of localized hot-spots in the area, possibly related to ancient tombs.
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104
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Bravo G, Vega-Celedón P, Gentina JC, Seeger M. Bioremediation by Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 of Mercury-Polluted Agricultural Soil in a Rotary Drum Bioreactor and Its Effects on Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1952. [PMID: 33316980 PMCID: PMC7763483 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle microorganisms are essential in agricultural soils and may be affected by mercury pollution. The aims of this study are to evaluate the bioremediation of mercury-polluted agricultural soil using Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 in a rotary drum bioreactor (RDB) and to characterize the effects of mercury pollution and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms. An agricultural soil was contaminated with mercury (II) (20-30 ppm) and subjected to bioremediation using strain MSR33 in a custom-made RDB. The effects of mercury and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms were studied by qPCR. Bioremediation in the RDB removed 82% mercury. MSR33 cell concentrations, thioglycolate, and mercury concentrations influence mercury removal. Mercury pollution strongly decreased nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacterial communities in agricultural soils. Notably, after soil bioremediation process nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria significantly increased. Diverse mercury-tolerant strains were isolated from the bioremediated soil. The isolates Glutamicibacter sp. SB1a, Brevundimonas sp. SB3b, and Ochrobactrum sp. SB4b possessed the merG gene associated with the plasmid pTP6, suggesting the horizontal transfer of this plasmid to native gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioremediation by strain MSR33 in an RDB is an attractive and innovative technology for the clean-up of mercury-polluted agricultural soils and the recovery of nitrogen cycle microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bravo
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Paulina Vega-Celedón
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Juan Carlos Gentina
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
| | - Michael Seeger
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
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105
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Dzielski SA, Razavi NR, Twining CW, Cleckner LB, Rohwer VG. Reconstructing avian mercury concentrations through time using museum specimens from New York State. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1802-1814. [PMID: 31729602 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined how variation in MeHg concentrations through time is reflected in birds, a taxon commonly used as a biological indicator of ecosystem health. Using museum specimens collected from 1880 to 2016, we measured feather MeHg concentrations in six species of birds that breed in New York State and have distinct dietary and habitat preferences. We predicted that MeHg concentrations in feathers would mirror Hg emission patterns in New York State and increase through time until 1980 then decrease thereafter in response to increased regulation of anthropogenic Hg emissions. We found that MeHg concentrations increased with δ15N, and that MeHg feather concentrations for some individuals from four of the six species examined exceeded concentrations known to cause negative sublethal effects in birds. In contrast to our prediction, MeHg concentrations in feathers did not parallel global or local Hg emissions through time and varied by species, even after controlling for possible changes in diet and habitat. MeHg concentrations varied substantially within species and individual specimens, suggesting that high within-individual variation in feather MeHg concentrations caused by spatiotemporal variation in molt, environmental Hg exposure, or mobility decoupling Hg uptake from breeding sites, may obscure trends in MeHg through time. Our study provides a unique assessment of feather MeHg in six species not typically analyzed using this retrospective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dzielski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - N Roxanna Razavi
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Finger Lakes Institute, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14556, USA
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lisa B Cleckner
- Finger Lakes Institute, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14556, USA
| | - Vanya G Rohwer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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106
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Jonidi Jafari A, Esrafili A, Moradi Y, Mahmoudi N. Mercury level in biological samples of dentists in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1655-1669. [PMID: 33312669 PMCID: PMC7721756 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury is an important risk to dentists health. The aim of the present study was to assess the pooled mean mercury level (MML) in the urine, blood, nail, and hair of Iranian dentists (IDs) through the meta-analysis technique. Comprehensive and systematic searches were performed in main local databases including SID, Magiran, Iran medex, and ISC as well as internationally available databases including Embase, PubMed and Scopus for all the relevant studies up to 2018. In order to prevent bias in this study and identify eligible studies, various steps of the study was performed independently by two researchers. Out of 13 studies in the meta-analysis process which included 1499 IDs, the mean of the mercury level in the urine, nail, and blood was estimated to be 6.29 (95% CI: 2.61-9.97, I-square: 62.7%, P: 0.006), 3.54 (95% CI: 2.81-4.28, I-square: 0.0%, P: 0.968), 11.20 (95% CI: 2.28-20.13, I-square: 59.9%, P: 0.082), respectively. The mean mercury level (MML) in the biological samples of IDs was higher than the standard of World Health Organization (WHO). So, in accordance with Article 10 of the European Union Regulations (EUR), in the context of the Minamata Convention (MC) on Dental Amalgam (DA), in order to avoid the dangers of mercury exposure in dentists, it is necessary for Iran and other countries to approve laws and to implement a national plan to reduce mercury levels and replace the appropriate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norouz Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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107
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Evers DC, Sauer AK, Burns DA, Fisher NS, Bertok DC, Adams EM, Burton MEH, Driscoll CT. A synthesis of patterns of environmental mercury inputs, exposure and effects in New York State. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1565-1589. [PMID: 33170395 PMCID: PMC7661403 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution is an environmental problem that adversely affects human and ecosystem health at local, regional, and global scales-including within New York State. More than two-thirds of the Hg currently released to the environment originates, either directly or indirectly, from human activities. Since the early 1800s, global atmospheric Hg concentrations have increased by three- to eight-fold over natural levels. In the U.S., atmospheric emissions and point-source releases to waterways increased following industrialization into the mid-1980s. Since then, water discharges have largely been curtailed. As a result, Hg emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and deposition over the past few decades have declined across the eastern U.S. Despite these decreases, Hg pollution persists. To inform policy efforts and to advance public understanding, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) sponsored a scientific synthesis of information on Hg in New York State. This effort includes 23 papers focused on Hg in atmospheric deposition, water, fish, and wildlife published in Ecotoxicology. New York State experiences Hg contamination largely due to atmospheric deposition. Some landscapes are inherently sensitive to Hg inputs driven by the transport of inorganic Hg to zones of methylation, the conversion of inorganic Hg to methylmercury, and the bioaccumulation and biomagnification along food webs. Mercury concentrations exceed human and ecological risk thresholds in many areas of New York State, particularly the Adirondacks, Catskills, and parts of Long Island. Mercury concentrations in some biota have declined in the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands and the Northeastern Highlands over the last four decades, concurrent with decreases in water releases and air emissions from regional and U.S. sources. However, widespread changes have not occurred in other ecoregions of New York State. While the timing and magnitude of the response of Hg levels in biota varies, policies expected to further diminish Hg emissions should continue to decrease Hg concentrations in food webs, yielding benefits to the fish, wildlife, and people of New York State. Anticipated improvements in the Hg status of aquatic ecosystems are likely to be greatest for inland surface waters and should be roughly proportional to declines in atmospheric Hg deposition. Efforts that advance recovery from Hg pollution in recent years have yielded significant progress, but Hg remains a pollutant of concern. Indeed, due to this extensive compilation of Hg observations in biota, it appears that the extent and intensity of the contamination on the New York landscape and waterscape is greater than previously recognized. Understanding the extent of Hg contamination and recovery following decreases in atmospheric Hg deposition will require further study, underscoring the need to continue existing monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - A K Sauer
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - D A Burns
- U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - N S Fisher
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - D C Bertok
- New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - E M Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - M E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
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108
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DeSorbo CR, Burgess NM, Nye PE, Loukmas JJ, Brant HA, Burton MEH, Persico CP, Evers DC. Bald eagle mercury exposure varies with region and site elevation in New York, USA. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1862-1876. [PMID: 31925622 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fish in several regions of New York State (NYS) are known to contain concentrations of mercury (Hg) associated with negative health effects in wildlife and humans. We collected blood and breast feathers from bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings throughout NYS, with an emphasis on the Catskill region to determine their exposure to Hg. We assessed whether habitat type (lake or river), region (Delaware-Catskill region vs. rest of NY) or sample site elevation influenced Hg concentrations in bald eagle breast feathers using ANCOVA. The model was significant and accounted for 41% of the variability in log10 breast feather Hg concentrations. Mercury concentrations in nestling breast feathers were significantly greater in the Delaware-Catskill Region (geometric mean: 14.5 µg/g dw) than in the rest of NY (7.4 µg/g, dw), and greater at nests located at higher elevations. Habitat type (river vs. lake) did not have a significant influence on breast feather Hg concentrations. Geometric mean blood Hg concentrations were significantly greater in Catskill nestlings (0.78 µg/g ww) than in those from the rest of NY (0.32 µg/g). Mercury concentrations in nestling breast feathers and especially blood samples from the Delaware-Catskill region were generally greater than those reported for most populations sampled elsewhere, including areas associated with significant Hg pollution problems. Bald eagles can serve as valuable Hg bioindicators in aquatic ecosystems of NYS, particularly given their broad statewide distribution and their tendency to nest across all major watersheds and different habitat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R DeSorbo
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - N M Burgess
- Environment & Climate Change Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL, A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - P E Nye
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12233-4753, USA
- 1926 Tarrytown Rd., Feura Bush, NY, 12067, USA
| | - J J Loukmas
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12233-4753, USA
| | - H A Brant
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - M E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - C P Persico
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - D C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
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109
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Stortini AM, Baldo MA, Moro G, Polo F, Moretto LM. Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6800. [PMID: 33260737 PMCID: PMC7731017 DOI: 10.3390/s20236800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV-VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016-2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.A.B.); (G.M.); (F.P.)
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110
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Rosati G, Solidoro C, Canu D. Mercury dynamics in a changing coastal area over industrial and postindustrial phases: Lessons from the Venice Lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140586. [PMID: 32659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the industrial period, significant amounts of mercury (Hg) were discharged into the Venice Lagoon. Here, a spatially explicit model was implemented to reconstruct the temporal evolution of the total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHgT) concentrations in lagoon water and sediments over two centuries (1900-2100), from preindustrial to postindustrial phases. The model simulates the transport and transformations of particulate and dissolved Hg species. It is forced with time-variable Hg inputs and environmental conditions, including scenarios of future atmospheric deposition, reconstructed according to local and global socioeconomic scenarios. Since 1900, ~36 Mg of HgT and ~380 kg of MeHgT were delivered to the lagoon, and stored in the sediments. The deposition of Hg from the water to the seafloor increased during a period of eutrophication (1980s); however, the reverse fluxes increased during a period of high sediment resuspension caused by the unregulated fishing of Manila clams (1990s). In the current postindustrial phase, the lagoon sediments have acted as a secondary source to the lagoon waters, delivering Hg (~38 kg y-1) and MeHg (~0.07 kg y-1). The MeHg inputs from the watershed (~0.28 kg y-1) appear to be higher than the secondary fluxes from the sediments. The estimated HgT export to the Adriatic Sea is ~56 kg y-1. Since HgT and MeHgT outputs slightly exceed inputs, the concentrations are slowly decreasing. While the decreasing trend is maintained in all scenarios, the future level of atmospheric deposition will affect Hg concentrations and sediment recovery times. Though limited by inherent simplifications, this work results show that the reconstruction of historical dynamics using a holistic approach, supported by data, can improve our understanding of the pollutants distribution and the quantification of local emissions. Downscaling from trends predicted at the global scale taking into account for regional differences seems useful to investigate the pollutants fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Rosati
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Solidoro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donata Canu
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
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111
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Cai X, Cai B, Zhang H, Chen L, Zheng C, Tong P, Lin H, Zhang Q, Liu M, Tong Y, Wang X. Establishment of High-Resolution Atmospheric Mercury Emission Inventories for Chinese Cement Plants Based on the Mass Balance Method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13399-13408. [PMID: 33081465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China is the world's largest cement-related mercury emitter. Atmospheric mercury inventories for China's cement industry are essential for appraising global mercury emissions and have been widely developed in previous studies associated with considerable uncertainties. In this study, we compiled high tempo-spatial resolution atmospheric mercury emission inventories for Chinese cement plants using the mass balance method and plant-level input-output data. The effects of industry policies were investigated based on the inventories for 2007 and 2015. Nationwide emissions increased from 80 to 113 t due to rapid expansion of production and kiln-type substitution yet partly offset by policies involving capacity structure reformation. Pollution decreased in winter in northern China, thanks to the targeting policies. Mercury input, output, and storage in cement kilns in China were estimated. The uncertainty remarkably decreased relative to previous inventories. This study demonstrates the feasibility of establishing high-resolution emission inventories with the application of the mass balance method for all the individual plants nationwide and thus has implications for similar studies. This work also improves our understanding of the spatial patterns and temporal evolution of mercury emissions in China, thus offering references for the implementation of environment policies and the Minamata Convention on Mercury in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Cai
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bofeng Cai
- Center for Climate Change and Environmental Policy, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peifeng Tong
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiming Lin
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Maodian Liu
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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112
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Perkins M, Lane OP, Evers DC, Sauer A, Adams EM, O'Driscoll NJ, Edmunds ST, Jackson AK, Hagelin JC, Trimble J, Sunderland EM. Historical patterns in mercury exposure for North American songbirds. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1161-1173. [PMID: 31161526 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental contaminant that poses significant risks to the health of humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. Assessing MeHg exposure in biota across the landscape and over time is vital for monitoring MeHg pollution and gauging the effectiveness of regulations intended to reduce new mercury (Hg) releases. We used MeHg concentrations measured in museum specimen feathers (collected between 1869 and 2014) and total Hg concentrations (as a proxy for MeHg) of feathers sampled from wild birds (collected between 2008 and 2017) to investigate temporal patterns in exposure over approximately 150 years for North American songbirds. For individual species, we found greater concentrations for samples collected post-2000 compared to those collected during historic times (pre-1900) for six of seven songbird species. Mean feather concentrations measured in samples collected post-2000 ranged between 1.9 and 17 times (mean 6.6) greater than historic specimens. The proportion of individual songbirds with feather concentrations that exceeded modeled toxicity benchmarks increased in samples collected after 1940. Only 2% of individual songbirds collected prior to 1940 had feather concentrations greater than 2.4 μg/g (a toxicity benchmark related to a 10% decrease in nest success) compared to 35% of individuals collected post-1940. Many species included in this study have a vulnerable or near-threatened conservation status, suggesting recovery actions are needed to address mercury pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Perkins
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Oksana P Lane
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Amy Sauer
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Evan M Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- K. C. Irving Environmental Science Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | | | - Allyson K Jackson
- Department of Environmental Studies, Purchase College, SUNY, Purchase, NY, 10577, USA
| | - Julie C Hagelin
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - Jeremiah Trimble
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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113
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Basadi N, Ghanemi K, Nikpour Y. l-Cystine-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets for effective extraction and preconcentration of mercury ions from environmental waters. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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114
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Kardynal KJ, Jardine TD, Génier CSV, Bumelis KH, Mitchell GW, Evans M, Hobson KA. Mercury exposure to swallows breeding in Canada inferred from feathers grown on breeding and non-breeding grounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:876-891. [PMID: 32656653 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerial insectivorous birds such as swallows have been the steepest declining groups of birds in North America over the last 50 years but whether such declines are linked to contaminants has not been examined. We sampled feathers from five species of swallow at multiple locations to assess total mercury [THg] exposure for adults during the non-breeding season, and for juveniles on the breeding grounds. We assessed Hg exposure to juvenile birds in crop- and grass-dominated landscapes to determine if land-use practices influenced feather [THg]. We assayed feathers for stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) as proxies for relative habitat use and diet to determine their potential influence on feather [THg]. Feather [THg] was highest in adult bank swallows (Riparia riparia) and purple martins (Progne subis) from Saskatchewan and adult cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) from western regions, indicating differential exposure to Hg on the non-breeding grounds. Juvenile bank, barn (Hirundo rustica) and tree (Tachycineta bicolor) swallows had lower feather [THg] in crop-dominated landscapes than grass-dominated landscapes in Saskatchewan, potentially resulting from lower use of wetland-derived insects due to wetland drainage and intensive agriculture. Feather [THg] was related to juvenile feather stable isotopes for several species, suggesting complex interactions with diet and environmental factors. Many individuals had feather [THg] values >2 µg/g, a threshold at which deleterious effects may occur. Our findings indicate differential Hg exposure among species of swallow, regions and land-uses and highlight the need for additional research to determine dietary and finer-scale land-use impacts on individual species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Kardynal
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - Timothy D Jardine
- School of Environment and Sustainability, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Corrine S V Génier
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kaelyn H Bumelis
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Marlene Evans
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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115
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Rodriguez R, Contrino D, Mazyck DW. Role of Activated Carbon Precursor in Mercury Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rodriguez
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 314 AP Black Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Domenic Contrino
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 314 AP Black Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David W. Mazyck
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 312 AP Black Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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116
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Effects of Mercury II on Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 during Mercury Bioremediation under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic element that harms organisms and disturbs biogeochemical cycles. Mercury bioremediation is based on the reduction of Hg (II) to Hg (0) by mercury-resistant bacteria. Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 possesses a broad-spectrum mercury resistance. This study aims to establish the effects of mercury on growth, oxygen uptake, and mercury removal parameters by C. metallidurans MSR33 in aqueous solution during aerobic and anaerobic mercury bioremediation. A new culture medium (GBC) was designed. The effects of mercury (II) (20 ppm) on growth parameters, oxygen uptake, and mercury removal were evaluated in GBC medium in a bioreactor (3 L) under aerobiosis. The anaerobic kinetics of mercury removal was evaluated by nitrogen replacement during mercury bioremediation in a bioreactor. Strain MSR33 reached a growth rate of µ = 0.43 h−1 in the bioreactor. Mercury inhibited oxygen uptake and bacterial growth; however, this inhibition was reversed after 5 h. Strain MSR33 was able to reduce Hg (II) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, reaching, at 24 h, a metal removal of 97% and 71%, respectively. Therefore, oxygen was crucial for efficient mercury removal by this bacterium. Strain MSR33 was capable of tolerating the toxic effects of mercury (II) during aerobic bioremediation and recovered its metabolic activity.
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117
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Sun R, Yuan J, Sonke JE, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zheng W, Chen S, Meng M, Chen J, Liu Y, Peng X, Liu C. Methylmercury produced in upper oceans accumulates in deep Mariana Trench fauna. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3389. [PMID: 32636418 PMCID: PMC7341844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomethylmercury (MMHg) is a potent toxin that bioaccumulates and magnifies in marine food webs. Recent studies show abundant methylated Hg in deep oceans (>1000 m), yet its origin remains uncertain. Here we measured Hg isotope compositions in fauna and surface sediments from the Mariana Trench. The trench fauna at 7000-11000 m depth all have substantially positive mass-independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes (odd-MIF), which can be generated only in the photic zone via MMHg photo-degradation. Given the identical odd-MIF in trench fauna and North Pacific upper ocean (<1000 m) biota MMHg, we suggest that the accumulated Hg in trench fauna originates exclusively from MMHg produced in upper oceans, which penetrates to depth by sorption to sinking particles. Our findings reveal little in-situ MMHg production in deep oceans and imply that anthropogenic Hg released at the Earth's surface is much more pervasive across deep oceans than was previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jeroen E Sonke
- Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/Institute for Research and Development/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Deep Sea Science Division, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 572000, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Mei Meng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiubin Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaotong Peng
- Deep Sea Science Division, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 572000, Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Congqiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
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118
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Du H, Xie Y, Zhang H, Chima A, Tao M, Zhang W. Oxadiazole-Functionalized Fibers for Selective Adsorption of Hg 2+. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Du
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Anyaegbu Chima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minli Tao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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119
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Rollinson AN, Bhuptani J, Beyer J, Ismawati Y, Radu T. Anaerobic digestion of mercury phytoextraction crops with intermediary stage bio-waste polymer treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1431-1439. [PMID: 32602364 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1781781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In laboratory experiments, Lepidium sativum L. and Mentha spicata L. were grown in compost spiked with mercury. After cultivation for 20 and 68 days, respectively, translocation factors of 0.05 ≤ TF ≤ 0.2 (Lepidium sativum) and accumulation factors of 2.2 ≤ AF ≤ 12 (Mentha spicata) were recorded. Plants were then harvested and used as feedstock for bench-scale anaerobic digesters. The reactors operated in continuously-stirred batch mode for a period of ten days. Inhibition of anaerobic biogas production was apparent with one sample set evidencing mercury-induced bacteriostatic toxicity. Otherwise, ex-situ characterization of digestate showed that the reactors were within stable operating range. A canola oil-sulphide polymer derived from bio-waste was also used as an intermediary treatment stage to test its capacity for extracting mercury from half the samples prior to anaerobic digestion, and also from the post-experimentation reactor digestate. The polymer removed mercury from digestate with a 40-50% efficacy across all samples, suggesting its potential as a sludge clean-up option. Anaerobic digestion combined with staged polymer extraction offers a potential route for the disposal of phytoremediation crops and ultimately the recovery of mercury, coincident with the production of a bioenergy vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Rollinson
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jayshree Bhuptani
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | | | - Tanja Radu
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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120
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Sommar J, Osterwalder S, Zhu W. Recent advances in understanding and measurement of Hg in the environment: Surface-atmosphere exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg 0). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137648. [PMID: 32182462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere is the major transport pathway for distribution of mercury (Hg) globally. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, hereafter Hg0) is the predominant form in both anthropogenic and natural emissions. Evaluation of the efficacy of reductions in emissions set by the UN's Minamata Convention (UN-MC) is critically dependent on the knowledge of the dynamics of the global Hg cycle. Of these dynamics including e.g. red-ox reactions, methylation-demethylation and dry-wet deposition, poorly constrained atmosphere-surface Hg0 fluxes especially limit predictability of the timescales of its global biogeochemical cycle. This review focuses on Hg0 flux field observational studies, namely the theory, applications, strengths, and limitations of the various experimental methodologies applied to gauge the exchange flux and decipher active sub-processes. We present an in-depth review, a comprehensive literature synthesis, and methodological and instrumentation advances for terrestrial and marine Hg0 flux studies in recent years. In particular, we outline the theory of a wide range of measurement techniques and detail the operational protocols. Today, the most frequently used measurement techniques to determine the net Hg0 flux (>95% of the published flux data) are dynamic flux chambers for small-scale and micrometeorological approaches for large-scale measurements. Furthermore, top-down approaches based on Hg0 concentration measurements have been applied as tools to better constrain Hg emissions as an independent way to e.g. challenge emission inventories. This review is an up-dated, thoroughly revised edition of Sommar et al. 2013 (DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2012.671733). To the tabulation of >100 cited flux studies 1988-2009 given in the former publication, we have here listed corresponding studies published during the last decade with a few exceptions (2008-2019). During that decade, Hg stable isotope ratios of samples involved in atmosphere-terrestrial interaction is at hand and provide in combination with concentration and/or flux measurements novel constraints to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the bi-directional Hg0 flux. Recent efforts in the development of relaxed eddy accumulation and eddy covariance Hg0 flux methods bear the potential to facilitate long-term, ecosystem-scale flux measurements to reduce the prevailing large uncertainties in Hg0 flux estimates. Standardization of methods for Hg0 flux measurements is crucial to investigate how land-use change and how climate warming impact ecosystem-specific Hg0 sink-source characteristics and to validate frequently applied model parameterizations describing the regional and global scale Hg cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sommar
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
| | - Stefan Osterwalder
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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121
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Wu B, Bai X, Liu W, Lin S, Liu S, Luo L, Guo Z, Zhao S, Lv Y, Zhu C, Hao Y, Liu Y, Hao J, Duan L, Tian H. Non-Negligible Stack Emissions of Noncriteria Air Pollutants from Coal-Fired Power Plants in China: Condensable Particulate Matter and Sulfur Trioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6540-6550. [PMID: 32379428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter (CPM) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) simultaneously through ammonia-based/limestone-based wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) from four typical coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) by conducting field measurements. Stack emissions of filterable particulate matter (FPM) all meet the Chinese ultralow emission (ULE) standards, whereas CPM concentrations are prominent (even exceed 10 mg/Nm3 from two CFPPs). We find that NH4+ and Cl- increase markedly through the ammonia-based WFGD, and SO42- is generally the main ionic component, both in CPM and FPM. Notably, the occurrence of elemental Se in FPM and CPM is significantly affected by WFGD. Furthermore, the established chemical profiles in FPM and CPM show a distinct discrepancy. In CPM, the elemental S mainly exists as a sulfate, and the metallic elements of Na, K, Mg, and Ca mainly exist as ionic species. Our results may indicate that not all SO3 are included in CPM and they co-exist in stack plume. With the substantial reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2), S distributed in SO3, CPM, and FPM becomes non-negligible. Finally, the emission factors of CPM and SO3 under typical ULE technical routes fall in the ranges of 74.33-167.83 and 48.76-86.30 g/(t of coal) accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shumin Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lining Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunqian Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhu
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta 30322 Georgia, United States
| | - Jiming Hao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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122
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Liu W, Xu H, Liao Y, Wang Y, Yan N, Qu Z. Co-doped ZnS with large adsorption capacity for recovering Hg 0 from non-ferrous metal smelting gas as a co-benefit of electrostatic demisters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20469-20477. [PMID: 32246424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The installation of electrostatic demisters (ESDs) makes possible the use of sorbent injection technology for recovering Hg0 from non-ferrous smelting gas. ZnS, as a typical smelting raw material, could be a promising candidate due to the sulfur boding site for mercury. However, the low reaction rate and poor adsorption capacity limited its application. In this study, Co was incorporated into ZnS to enhance adsorption activity for recovering Hg0. Co0.2Zn0.8S exhibited the best Hg0 capture performance among the modified sorbents. The Hg0 adsorption capacity was up to 46.01 mg/g at 50 °C (with 50% breakthrough threshold), and the adsorption rate was as high as 0.017 mg/(g min). Meanwhile, SO2 and H2O had no poison effects on Hg0 adsorption. The chemical adsorption mechanism was proposed, which was Co3+, and sulfur active sites could immobilize Hg0 in the form of stable HgS, following a Mars-Maessen reaction pathway. The spent sorbent will release ultrahigh concentration mercury-containing vapor through the heating treatment, which facilitated centralized recovery of Hg0. Meanwhile, inactivated sorbent can be used as smelting raw material to recover sulfur resources. Therefore, the control of Hg0 emission from non-ferrous smelting gas by Co-adopted ZnS was cost-effective and did not form secondary pollution. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haomiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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123
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Mahmoudi N, Jonidi Jafari A, Moradi Y, Esrafili A. The mercury level in hair and breast milk of lactating mothers in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:355-366. [PMID: 32399246 PMCID: PMC7203362 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury is one of the major global health concerns due to its stability, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the mean mercury level in hair and breast milk (BM) of Iranian lactating mothers (ILMs) through meta-analysis technique. We conducted a systematic literature search in online electronic databases included main domestic databases (SID, Magiran, Iran medex, Medlib and ISC) and international databases (Embase, Scopus and PubMed) for studies published between 2000 up 2018. Each process of research and evaluation of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria is done by two researchers, individually. From10 studies entered to meta-analysis process including 556 ILM, the mean hair mercury level (HML) and mean milk mercury level (MML) was estimated to be 0.15 μg/g (95 CI: 0.11-0.19, I2: 47.6%, P: 0.028) and 0.51 μg/l (95 CI: 0.28-0.74, I2: 1.9%, P: 0.421), respectively. In this meta-analysis, the mean HML and mean MML were estimated to be lower than the standard of World Health Organization (WHO). Although the mean mercury level in hair and BM of ILMs was lower than the WHO standard, but due to toxicity and serious concern of health, management and Periodic monitor are recommended in different cities of the country for evaluate the mercury levels in hair and BM of ILMs and to estimate the infant's exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norouz Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Balusamy B, Senthamizhan A, Uyar T. Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers as a Versatile Platform for Colorimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2421. [PMID: 32466258 PMCID: PMC7288479 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem mainly driven by industrial activities has raised severe concerns over human and environmental health that apparently necessitate the design and development of ideal strategies for the effective monitoring of heavy metals. In this regard, colorimetric detection provides excellent opportunities for the easy monitoring of heavy metal ions, and especially, corresponding solid-state sensors enable potential opportunities for their applicability in real-world monitoring. As a result of the significant interest originating from their simplicity, exceptional characteristics, and applicability, the electrospun nanofiber-based colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions has undergone radical developments in the recent decade. This review illustrates the range of various approaches and functional molecules employed in the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers intended for the colorimetric detection of various metal ions in water. We highlight relevant investigations on the fabrication of functionalized electrospun nanofibers encompassing different approaches and functional molecules along with their sensing performance. Furthermore, we discuss upcoming prospectus and future opportunities in the exploration of designing electrospun nanofiber-based colorimetric sensors for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brabu Balusamy
- Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anitha Senthamizhan
- Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tamer Uyar
- Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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125
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Ci Z, Peng F, Xue X, Zhang X. Permafrost Thaw Dominates Mercury Emission in Tibetan Thermokarst Ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5456-5466. [PMID: 32294379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that warming is driving Hg release from the cryosphere. However, Hg cycling in thawing permafrost is less understood to date. Here we show that permafrost thaw dominantly supplied no-run thermokarst ponds by permafrost melt waters (PMWs) with high concentration of photoreducible Hg (PRHg) and subsequently controlled Hg(0) emissions in the Tibetan Plateau. This study was motivated by field survey suggesting that thermokarst ponds as recipient aquatic systems of PMWs could be an active converter of PRHg to Hg(0). Annual Hg mass balance in three seasonally ice-covered thermokarst ponds suggests that PMWs were the dominant input (81.2% to 91.2%) of PRHg in all three thermokarst ponds, and PRHg input would be a constraint of Hg(0) emission owing to the fast photoreduction of PRHg to Hg(0) in the water column. Annual Hg(0) emission in the thermokarst ponds of study region was conservatively estimated to increase by 15% over the past half century. Our findings highlight that climate-induced landscape disturbances and changes in hydrogeochemical processes in climate-sensitive permafrost will quickly and in situ drive Hg stored in permafrost for a very long time into the modern day Hg cycle, which potentially offsets the anthropogenic Hg mitigation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Xian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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126
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Ultrasound assisted-dispersive-modification solid-phase extraction using task-specific ionic liquid immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes for speciation and determination mercury in water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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127
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Pamphlett R, Kum Jew S, Doble PA, Bishop DP. Elemental imaging shows mercury in cells of the human lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231870. [PMID: 32320439 PMCID: PMC7176133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interference with the transmission of sensory signals along visual and auditory pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hallucinations. The relay centres for vision (the lateral geniculate nucleus) and hearing (the medial geniculate nucleus) appear to be susceptible to the uptake of circulating mercury. We therefore investigated the distribution of mercury in cells of both these geniculate nuclei. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissue sections containing the lateral geniculate nucleus were obtained from 50 adults (age range 20-104 years) who at autopsy had a variety of clinicopathological conditions, including neurological and psychiatric disorders. The medial geniculate nucleus was present in seven sections. Sections were stained for mercury using autometallography. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of mercury. RESULTS Ten people had mercury in cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and in the medial geniculate nucleus of three of these. Medical diagnoses in these individuals were: none (3), Parkinson disease (3), and one each of depression, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, and mercury self-injection. Mercury was distributed in different groups of geniculate capillary endothelial cells, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury. CONCLUSION Mercury is present in different combinations of cell types in the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei in a proportion of people from varied backgrounds. This raises the possibility that mercury-induced impairment of the function of the geniculate nuclei could play a part in the genesis of visual and auditory hallucinations. Although these findings do not provide a direct link between mercury in geniculate cells and hallucinations, they suggest that further investigations into the possibility of toxicant-induced hallucinations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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128
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Tang H, You W, Wang Z, Li C, Zhu C, Cai L, Duan Y. Detrimental effects of SO 2 on gaseous mercury(II) adsorption and retention by CaO-based sorbent traps: Competition and heterogeneous reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121679. [PMID: 31796365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reliable gaseous Hg(II) measurement is crucial to mercury emissions control from coal-fired flue gas, but Hg(II) sampling under SO2 condition could probably increase the uncertainty of sorbent traps. CaO-AcS synthesized from calcium acetate and porous support were previously demonstrated to be effective for Hg(II) trapping under SO2-free condition. This work further evaluated SO2 influence on its Hg(II) retention ability via integrating experimental and DFT computational studies. Increased breakthrough rate of HgCl2 was found in a two-section CaO-AcS trap under SO2 conditions. Significant basicity and porosity loss of CaO-AcS were attributed to the formation of agglomerate CaSO3. Hg0 release from CaO-AcS samples suggested potential reactions between Hg(II) and SO2. The detected HgO and Hg2SO4 species by Hg-TPD in CaO-AcS further confirmed this speculation. Moreover, both competition and reduction effects of SO2 on surface-bound Hg(II) species were substantiated by DFT calculations. SO2 showed a stronger interaction with CaO than HgCl2 because SO2 has a lower LUMO level and can accept electrons easier. Reaction pathways indicated Hg(II) was partially reduced to Hg2SO4 under SO2-deficient condition, or directly reduced to Hg0 under SO2-rich condition. This work fully proposed the SO2 influence mechanisms and improvement countermeasures for practical gaseous Hg(II) sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Wenqin You
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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129
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Chételat J, Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Hebert CE. Methylmercury exposure in wildlife: A review of the ecological and physiological processes affecting contaminant concentrations and their interpretation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135117. [PMID: 31831233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) can result in detrimental health effects in wildlife. With advances in ecological indicators and analytical techniques for measurement of MeHg in a variety of tissues, numerous processes have been identified that can influence MeHg concentrations in wildlife. This review presents a synthesis of theoretical principals and applied information for measuring MeHg exposure and interpreting MeHg concentrations in wildlife. Mercury concentrations in wildlife are the net result of ecological processes influencing dietary exposure combined with physiological processes that regulate assimilation, transformation, and elimination. Therefore, consideration of both physiological and ecological processes should be integrated when formulating biomonitoring strategies. Ecological indicators, particularly stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, compound-specific stable isotopes, and fatty acids, can be effective tools to evaluate dietary MeHg exposure. Animal species differ in their physiological capacity for MeHg elimination, and animal tissues can be inert or physiologically active, act as sites of storage, transformation, or excretion of MeHg, and vary in the timing of MeHg exposure they represent. Biological influences such as age, sex, maternal transfer, and growth or fasting are also relevant for interpretation of tissue MeHg concentrations. Wildlife tissues that represent current or near-term bioaccumulation and in which MeHg is the predominant mercury species (such as blood and eggs) are most effective for biomonitoring ecosystems and understanding landscape drivers of MeHg exposure. Further research is suggested to critically evaluate the use of keratinized external tissues to measure MeHg bioaccumulation, particularly for less-well studied wildlife such as reptiles and terrestrial mammals. Suggested methods are provided to effectively use wildlife for quantifying patterns and drivers of MeHg bioaccumulation over time and space, as well as for assessing the potential risk and toxicological effects of MeHg on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chételat
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620, United States
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States
| | - Craig E Hebert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
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130
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Grieves LA, Bottini CLJ, Branfireun BA, Bernards MA, MacDougall-Shackleton SA, MacDougall-Shackleton EA. Food stress, but not experimental exposure to mercury, affects songbird preen oil composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:275-285. [PMID: 32036507 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a global pollutant and potent neurotoxic metal. Its most toxic and bioavailable form, methylmercury, can have both lethal and sublethal effects on wildlife. In birds, methylmercury exposure can disrupt behavior, hormones, the neuroendocrine system, and feather integrity. Lipid-rich tissues and secretions may be particularly susceptible to disruption by lipophilic contaminants such as methylmercury. One such substance is feather preen oil, a waxy secretion of the uropygial gland that serves multiple functions including feather maintenance, anti-parasitic defense, and chemical signaling. If methylmercury exposure alters preen oil composition, it could have cascading effects on feather quality, susceptibility to ectoparasites, and mate choice and other social behaviors. We investigated whether exposure to methylmercury, either alone or in association with other stressors, affects preen oil chemical composition. We used a two-factor design to expose adult song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to an environmentally relevant dietary dose of methylmercury and/or to another stressor (unpredictable food supply) for eight weeks. The wax ester composition of preen oil changed significantly over the 8-week experimental period. This change was more pronounced in the unpredictable food treatment, regardless of dietary methylmercury. Contrary to our prediction, we found no main effect of methylmercury exposure on preen oil composition, nor did methylmercury interact with unpredictable food supply in predicting the magnitude of chemical shifts in preen oil. While it remains critical to study sublethal effects of methylmercury on wildlife, our findings suggest that the wax ester composition of preen oil is robust to environmentally relevant doses of this contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Grieves
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - C L J Bottini
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - B A Branfireun
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - M A Bernards
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - E A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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131
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Bowman KL, Lamborg CH, Agather AM. A global perspective on mercury cycling in the ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136166. [PMID: 32050358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous metal in the ocean that undergoes in situ chemical transformations in seawater and marine sediment. Most relevant to public health is the production of monomethyl-Hg, a neurotoxin to humans that accumulates in marine fish and mammals. Here we synthesize 30 years of Hg measurements in the ocean to discuss sources, sinks, and internal cycling of this toxic metal. Global-scale oceanographic survey programs (i.e. CLIVAR and GEOTRACES), refined protocols for clean sampling, and analytical advancements have produced over 200 high-resolution, full-depth profiles of total Hg, methylated Hg, and gaseous elemental Hg throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, and Southern Oceans. Vertical maxima of methylated Hg were found in surface waters, near the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, and in low-oxygen thermocline waters. The greatest concentration of Hg in deep water was measured in Antarctic Bottom Water, and in newly formed Labrador Sea Water, Hg showed a decreasing trend over the past 20 years. Distribution of Hg in polar oceans was unique relative to lower latitudes with higher concentrations of total Hg near the surface and vertical trends of Hg speciation driven by water column stratification and seasonal ice cover. Global models of Hg in the ocean require a better understanding of biogeochemical controls on Hg speciation and improved accuracy of methylated Hg measurements within the international community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlin L Bowman
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA; University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Carl H Lamborg
- University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Alison M Agather
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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132
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Eckley CS, Gilmour CC, Janssen S, Luxton TP, Randall PM, Whalin L, Austin C. The assessment and remediation of mercury contaminated sites: A review of current approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136031. [PMID: 31869604 PMCID: PMC6980986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of mercury (Hg) contaminated sites has long relied on traditional approaches, such as removal and containment/capping. Here we review contemporary practices in the assessment and remediation of industrial-scale Hg contaminated sites and discuss recent advances. Significant improvements have been made in site assessment, including the use of XRF to rapidly identify the spatial extent of contamination, Hg stable isotope fractionation to identify sources and transformation processes, and solid-phase characterization (XAFS) to evaluate Hg forms. The understanding of Hg bioavailability for methylation has been improved by methods such as sequential chemical extractions and porewater measurements, including the use of diffuse gradient in thin-film (DGT) samplers. These approaches have shown varying success in identifying bioavailable Hg fractions and further study and field applications are needed. The downstream accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in biota is a concern at many contaminated sites. Identifying the variables limiting/controlling MeHg production-such as bioavailable inorganic Hg, organic carbon, and/or terminal electron acceptors (e.g. sulfate, iron) is critical. Mercury can be released from contaminated sites to the air and water, both of which are influenced by meteorological and hydrological conditions. Mercury mobilized from contaminated sites is predominantly bound to particles, highly correlated with total sediment solids (TSS), and elevated during stormflow. Remediation techniques to address Hg contamination can include the removal or containment of Hg contaminated materials, the application of amendments to reduce mobility and bioavailability, landscape/waterbody manipulations to reduce MeHg production, and food web manipulations through stocking or extirpation to reduce MeHg accumulated in desired species. These approaches often rely on knowledge of the Hg forms/speciation at the site, and utilize physical, chemical, thermal and biological methods to achieve remediation goals. Overall, the complexity of Hg cycling allows many different opportunities to reduce/mitigate impacts, which creates flexibility in determining suitable and logistically feasible remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Eckley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region-10, 1200 6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Cynthia C Gilmour
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037-0028, USA.
| | - Sarah Janssen
- USGS Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Todd P Luxton
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Paul M Randall
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Lindsay Whalin
- San Francisco Bay Water Board, 1515 Clay St., Ste. 1400, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
| | - Carrie Austin
- San Francisco Bay Water Board, 1515 Clay St., Ste. 1400, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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133
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Lyman SN, Cheng I, Gratz LE, Weiss-Penzias P, Zhang L. An updated review of atmospheric mercury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135575. [PMID: 31784172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere is a key component of the biogeochemical cycle of mercury, acting as a reservoir, transport mechanism, and facilitator of chemical reactions. The chemical and physical behavior of atmospheric mercury determines how, when, and where emitted mercury pollution impacts ecosystems. In this review, we provide current information about what is known and what remains uncertain regarding mercury in the atmosphere. We discuss new ambient, laboratory, and theoretical information about the chemistry of mercury in various atmospheric media. We review what is known about mercury in and on solid- and liquid-phase aerosols. We present recent findings related to wet and dry deposition and spatial and temporal trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations. We also review atmospheric measurement methods that are in wide use and those that are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth N Lyman
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, 320 N Aggie Blvd., Vernal, UT, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Irene Cheng
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne E Gratz
- Environmental Studies Program, Colorado College, 14 East Cache la Poudre St., Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Peter Weiss-Penzias
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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134
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Mulvaney KM, Selin NE, Giang A, Muntean M, Li CT, Zhang D, Angot H, Thackray CP, Karplus VJ. Mercury Benefits of Climate Policy in China: Addressing the Paris Agreement and the Minamata Convention Simultaneously. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1326-1335. [PMID: 31899622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
National commitments under the Paris Agreement on climate change interact with other global environmental objectives, such as those of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. We assess how mercury emissions and deposition reductions from national climate policy in China under the Paris Agreement could contribute to the country's commitments under the Minamata Convention. We examine emissions under climate policy scenarios developed using a computable general equilibrium model of China's economy, end-of-pipe control scenarios that meet China's commitments under the Minamata Convention, and these policies in combination, and evaluate deposition using a global atmospheric transport model. We find climate policy in China can provide mercury benefits when implemented with Minamata policy, achieving in the year 2030 approximately 5% additional reduction in mercury emissions and deposition in China when climate policy achieves a 5% reduction per year in carbon intensity (CO2 emissions 9.7 Gt in 2030). This corresponds to 63 Mg additional mercury emissions reductions in 2030 when implemented with Minamata Convention policy, compared to Minamata policy implemented alone. Climate policy provides emissions reductions in sectors not considered under the Minamata Convention, such as residential combustion. This changes the combination of sectors that contribute to emissions reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Mulvaney
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Noelle E Selin
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Amanda Giang
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Marilena Muntean
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) , Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749 , I-21027 , Ispra , Varese , Italy
| | - Chiao-Ting Li
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Da Zhang
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Institute for Energy, Economy, and Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hélène Angot
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Colin P Thackray
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Valerie J Karplus
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Sloan School of Management , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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135
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Piccoli BC, Alvim JC, da Silva FD, Nogara PA, Olagoke OC, Aschner M, Oliveira CS, Rocha JBT. High level of methylmercury exposure causes persisted toxicity in Nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4799-4813. [PMID: 31845250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a neurotoxicant abundantly present in the environment. The long-term effects of MeHg+ have been investigated in rodents, yet data on the long-term or persisted toxicity of MeHg+ in invertebrates is scanty. Here, we examined the acute, intermediate, and chronic effects upon dietary administration of MeHg+ in nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea. Besides, the potential reversibility of the toxic effects of MeHg+ after a detoxification period was evaluated. Nymphs were exposed to diets containing 0 (control), 2.5, 25, and 100 μg MeHg+/g of diet for 10, 30, and 90 days. Additional groups of nymphs were fed with the same dose of MeHg+ for 30 days and then were subjected to a detoxification period for 60 days. The nymphs exposed to 100 μg MeHg+/g succumbed to a high mortality rate, along with multiple biochemical (increase of reactive oxygen species production and glutathione S-transferase activity, as well as decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity) and behavioral alterations. We observed delayed mortality rate and behavioral alterations in nymphs exposed to 100 μg MeHg+/g for 30 days and subsequently subjected to 60 days of detoxification. However, the biochemical alterations did not persist throughout the detoxification period. In conclusion, our results established the persistent toxic effect of MeHg+ even after a prolonged detoxification period and evidenced the use of N. cinerea as an alternative model to study the toxicity of MeHg+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Piccoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Alvim
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Olawande C Olagoke
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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136
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Francés‐Monerris A, Carmona‐García J, Acuña AU, Dávalos JZ, Cuevas CA, Kinnison DE, Francisco JS, Saiz‐Lopez A, Roca‐Sanjuán D. Photodissociation Mechanisms of Major Mercury(II) Species in the Atmospheric Chemical Cycle of Mercury. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francés‐Monerris
- Université de LorraineCNRS, LPCT 54000 Nancy France
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversitat de València 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | | | - A. Ulises Acuña
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Z. Dávalos
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos A. Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz‐Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
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137
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Francés‐Monerris A, Carmona‐García J, Acuña AU, Dávalos JZ, Cuevas CA, Kinnison DE, Francisco JS, Saiz‐Lopez A, Roca‐Sanjuán D. Photodissociation Mechanisms of Major Mercury(II) Species in the Atmospheric Chemical Cycle of Mercury. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7605-7610. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francés‐Monerris
- Université de LorraineCNRS, LPCT 54000 Nancy France
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversitat de València 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | | | - A. Ulises Acuña
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Z. Dávalos
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos A. Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz‐Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSIC 28006 Madrid Spain
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138
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Chalkidis A, Jampaiah D, Hartley PG, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121036. [PMID: 31473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of natural gas in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing renewable energy resource integration is undoubtedly critical. With the progress of hydrocarbons exploration and production, the target zones become deeper and the possibility of mercury contamination increases. This impacts on the industry from health and safety risks, due to corrosion and contamination of equipment, to catalyst poisoning and toxicity through emissions to the environment. Especially mercury embrittlement, being a significant problem in LNG plants using aluminum cryogenic heat exchangers, has led to catastrophic plant incidents worldwide. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the conventional and alternative materials as well as the processes employed for mercury removal during gas processing. Moreover, comments on studies examining the geological occurrence of mercury species are included, the latest developments regarding the detection, sampling and measurement are presented and updated information with respect to mercury speciation and solubility is displayed. Clean up and passivation techniques as well as disposal methods for mercury-containing waste are also explained. Most importantly, the environmental as well as the health and safety implications are addressed, and areas that require further research are pinpointed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Patrick G Hartley
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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139
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Global warming accelerates uptake of atmospheric mercury in regions experiencing glacier retreat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2049-2055. [PMID: 31932430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906930117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As global climate continues to warm, melting of glaciers releases a large quantity of mercury (Hg) originally locked in ice into the atmosphere and downstream ecosystems. Here, we show an opposite process that captures atmospheric Hg through glacier-to-vegetation succession. Our study using stable isotope techniques at 3 succession sites on the Tibetan Plateau reveals that evolving vegetation serves as an active "pump" to take up gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) from the atmosphere. The accelerated uptake enriches the Hg pool size in glacier-retreated areas by a factor of ∼10 compared with the original pool size in the glacier. Through an assessment of Hg source-sink relationship observed in documented glacier-retreated areas in the world (7 sites of tundra/steppe succession and 5 sites of forest succession), we estimate that 400 to 600 Mg of Hg has been accumulated in glacier-retreated areas (5‰ of the global land surface) since the Little Ice Age (∼1850). By 2100, an additional ∼300 Mg of Hg will be sequestered from the atmosphere in glacier-retreated regions globally, which is ∼3 times the total Hg mass loss by meltwater efflux (∼95 Mg) in alpine and subpolar glacier regions. The recapturing of atmospheric Hg by vegetation in glacier-retreated areas is not accounted for in current global Hg models. Similar processes are likely to occur in other regions that experience increased vegetation due to climate or land use changes, which need to be considered in the assessment of global Hg cycling.
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140
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Novirsa R, Dinh QP, Jeong H, Addai-Arhin S, Nugraha WC, Hirota N, Wispriyono B, Ishibashi Y, Arizono K. The dietary intake of mercury from rice and human health risk in artisanal small-scale gold mining area, Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.7.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randy Novirsa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Quang Phan Dinh
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Huiho Jeong
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Sylvester Addai-Arhin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Willy Cahya Nugraha
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Nana Hirota
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Bambang Wispriyono
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
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141
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Seco J, Xavier JC, Brierley AS, Bustamante P, Coelho JP, Gregory S, Fielding S, Pardal MA, Pereira B, Stowasser G, Tarling GA, Pereira E. Mercury levels in Southern Ocean squid: Variability over the last decade. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124785. [PMID: 31726533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of total and proportions of organic mercury were measured in tissues of 355 individuals of 8 species of Southern Ocean squid (Alluroteuthis antarcticus, Bathyteuthis abyssicola, Filippovia knipovitchi, Galiteuthis glacialis, Gonatus antarcticus, Kondakovia longimana, Psychroteuthis glacialis and Slosarczykovia circumantarctica). Squid were caught around South Georgia (Scotia Sea) during 5 cruises, between the austral summers of 2006/07 to 2016/17 to evaluate temporal changes in bioaccumulation and tissue partitioning. Total mercury concentrations varied between 4 ng g-1 and 804 ng g-1 among all tissues. Net accumulation of mercury in muscle with size was observed in A. antarcticus, B. abyssicola and P. glacialis, but no relationship was found for S. circumantarctica and lower concentrations were observed in larger individuals of G. glacialis. Muscle tissues had the highest mercury concentrations in the majority of species, except for F. knipovitchi for which the digestive gland contained highest concentrations. In terms of the percentage of organic mercury in the tissues, muscle always contained the highest values (67%-97%), followed by the digestive gland (22%-38%). Lowest organic mercury percentages were found consistently in the gills (9%-19%), suggesting only low levels of incorporation through the dissolved pathway and/or a limited redistribution of dietary organic mercury towards this tissue. Overall, results are indicative of a decreasing trend of mercury concentrations in the majority of analysed species over the last decade. As cephalopods are an important Southern Ocean trophic link between primary consumers and top predators, these changes suggest decreasing mercury levels in lower trophic levels and an alleviation of the mercury burden on higher predators that consume squid.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Seco
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
| | - José C Xavier
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK; MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrew S Brierley
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - João P Coelho
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susan Gregory
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Sophie Fielding
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Stowasser
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Geraint A Tarling
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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142
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Rimondi V, Costagliola P, Lattanzi P, Morelli G, Cara G, Cencetti C, Fagotti C, Fredduzzi A, Marchetti G, Sconocchia A, Torricelli S. A 200 km-long mercury contamination of the Paglia and Tiber floodplain: Monitoring results and implications for environmental management. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113191. [PMID: 31542668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a joint project carried out by three regional environmental agencies of Italy to evaluate long-range mercury (Hg) transport from the abandoned Mt. Amiata Hg district in southern Tuscany (the third largest worldwide site for Hg production) to the fluvial ecosystems of the Paglia and Tiber rivers. Most of the work focused on stream sediments, surface waters and soils. A preliminary survey of Hg0 content in air was also conducted. Data obtained by public health authorities on Hg in vegetables and fish were also included. The highest Hg concentrations (up to thousands of μg/g Hg) were observed in stream sediments and soils directly impacted by Hg mine runoff. Although progressive Hg dilution was observed from north to south along the river, sediments and soils show anomalous Hg levels for over 200 km downstream of Mt. Amiata, testifying to an extreme case of long-range Hg contamination. A pervasive redistribution of Hg is observed in all sediment compartments. Presumably, the width of the impacted fluvial corridor corresponds to the entire alluvial plains of the rivers. The floodplains can be considered new sources for downstream Hg redistribution, especially during large flood events. On the other hand, results from water, air, and vegetable sampling indicate low potential for human exposure to Hg. The extent and distribution of the contamination make remediation not viable. Therefore, people and human activities must coexist with such an anomaly. On the technical side, the most urgent action to be taken is a better definition of the exact extent of the contaminated area. On the management side, it is necessary to identify which public institution(s) can best deal with such a widespread phenomenon. According to the precautionary principle, the impact of the contamination on human activities in the affected areas should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rimondi
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - P Costagliola
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - P Lattanzi
- CNR-Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - G Morelli
- CNR-Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - G Cara
- ARPA Toscana, Area Vasta Sud, Loc. Ruffolo, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C Cencetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Fagotti
- ARPA Toscana, Area Vasta Sud, Loc. Ruffolo, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Fredduzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Marchetti
- ARPA Marche, Via Ruggeri, 5, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Sconocchia
- ARPA Umbria, via Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa nsc, 5100 Terni, Italy
| | - S Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, Università di Firenze, Via delle Pandette 32, 50127 Firenze, Italy
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143
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Foster KL, Braune BM, Gaston AJ, Mallory ML. Climate influence on mercury in Arctic seabirds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133569. [PMID: 31634995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The historic influence of interannual weather and climate variability on total mercury concentrations (THg) in the eggs of two species of Arctic seabird in the Canadian High Arctic was investigated. Time series of THg in the eggs of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) from Prince Leopold Island span 40 years (1975-2014), making these among the longest time series available for contaminants in Arctic wildlife and uniquely suitable for evaluation of long-term climate and weather influence. We compiled a suite of weather and climate time series reflecting atmospheric (air temperature, wind speed, sea level pressure) and oceanic (sea surface temperature, sea ice cover) conditions, atmosphere-ocean transfer (snow and rain), as well as broad-scale teleconnection indices such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We staggered these to the optimal time lag, then in a tiered approach of successive General Linear Models (GLMs), strategically added them to GLMs to identify possible key predictors and assess any main effects on THg concentrations. We investigated time lags of 0 to 10 years between weather/climate shifts and egg collections. For both fulmars and murres, after time lags of two to seven years, the most parsimonious models included NAO and temperature, and for murres, snowfall, while the fulmar model also included sea ice. Truncated versions of the datasets (2005-2014), reflective of typical time series length for THg in Arctic wildlife, were separately assessed and generally identified similar weather predictors and effects as the full time series, but not for NAO, indicating that longer time series are more effective at elucidating relationships with broad scale climate indices. Overall, the results suggest a significant and larger than expected effect of weather and climate on THg concentrations in Arctic seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Foster
- Karen Foster Environmental Research, Peterborough, ON K9J 8L2, Canada; Applications of Modelling & Quantitative Methods (AMOD), Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Birgit M Braune
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Anthony J Gaston
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
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144
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Rice life cycle-based global mercury biotransport and human methylmercury exposure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5164. [PMID: 31727892 PMCID: PMC6856186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting the environment and enhancing food security are among the world’s greatest challenges. Fish consumption is widely considered to be the single significant dietary source of methylmercury. Nevertheless, by synthesizing data from the past six decades and using a variety of models, we find that rice could be a significant global dietary source of human methylmercury exposure, especially in South and Southeast Asia. In 2013, globalization caused 9.9% of human methylmercury exposure via the international rice trade and significantly aggravated rice-derived exposure in Africa (62%), Central Asia (98%) and Europe (42%). In 2016, 180 metric tons of mercury were generated in rice plants, 14-fold greater than that exported from oceans via global fisheries. We suggest that future research should consider both the joint ingestion of rice with fish and the food trade in methylmercury exposure assessments, and anthropogenic biovectors such as crops should be considered in the global mercury cycle. Fish consumption is considered to be the only significant dietary source of MeHg. Here the authors show that rice could also be a significant global dietary source, especially in South and Southeast Asia. International rice trade and joint ingestion of fish and rice could aggravate the MeHg exposure levels in many areas.
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145
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Shan B, Wang G, Cao F, Wu D, Liang W, Sun R. Mercury emission from underground coal fires in the mining goaf of the Wuda Coalfield, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109409. [PMID: 31288123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia suffers from serious coal fires for more than half a century. Fire-extinguishing projects have been carried out to suppress the coal fires since the last decade, but sporadic surface fires still occur and underground fires are more prevailing. Here, we used a real-time RA-915M Mercury Analyzer with modified inlet to monitor gaseous Hg concentrations in fumes emitted from boreholes that were designed to detect and control the underground coal fires. Meanwhile, offline methods were used to collect the fumes and analyze the contents of the gases including CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2. The results showed that gaseous Hg concentrations in fumes from boreholes ranged from 6.42 ± 0.73 to 123.53 ± 34.66 ng m-3, with an average value of 49 ± 44 ng m-3. We suggest that the amounts of coal left for burning or smoldering mainly accounted for the large variation in fume Hg concentrations of underground coal fires. The gaseous Hg concentrations in near-surface air surrounding boreholes varied from 2.38 ± 0.28 to 13.10 ± 0.97 ng m-3, with a mean value of 6.68 ± 3.09 ng m-3. They were higher than the ambient air Hg concentrations measured at a background site near the Yellow River (<2 ng m-3), suggesting underground coal fires were one significant Hg pollution source. Importantly, we found that gaseous Hg concentrations in the boreholes had significantly positive correlations with temperatures and CO (a traditional coal-fire index gas) contents, implying that Hg has the potential to serve as an index gas to monitor the occurrences of underground coal fires in mining goafs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China; CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, 113122, China; China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, Fushun, 113122, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dun Wu
- Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefei, 23008, China
| | - Wenxu Liang
- CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, 113122, China; China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, Fushun, 113122, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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146
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Curtis AN, Bourne K, Borsuk ME, Buckman KL, Demidenko E, Taylor VF, Chen CY. Effects of temperature, salinity, and sediment organic carbon on methylmercury bioaccumulation in an estuarine amphipod. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:907-916. [PMID: 31412494 PMCID: PMC6697058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant that poses a human health risk in its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), through consumption of fish and fishery products. Bioaccumulation of Hg in the aquatic environment is controlled by a number of factors expected to be altered by climate change. We examined the individual and combined effects of temperature, sediment organic carbon, and salinity on the bioaccumulation of MeHg in an estuarine amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus, when exposed to sediment from two locations in the Gulf of Maine (Kittery and Bass Harbor) that contained different levels of MeHg and organic carbon. Higher temperatures and lower organic carbon levels individually increased uptake of MeHg by L. plumulosus as measured by the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF), while the effect of salinity on BSAF differed by sediment source. Multi-factor statistical modeling using all data revealed a significant interaction between temperature and organic carbon for both sediments, in which increased temperature had a negative effect on BSAF at the lowest carbon levels and a positive effect at higher levels. Our results suggest that increased temperature and carbon loading, of a magnitude expected as a result from climate change, could be associated with a net decrease in amphipod BSAF of 50 to 71%, depending on sediment characteristics. While these are only first-order projections, our results indicate that the future fate of MeHg in marine food webs is likely to depend on a number of factors beyond Hg loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| | - Kimberly Bourne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Mark E Borsuk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Kate L Buckman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, NH 03755, United States
| | - Vivien F Taylor
- Department of Earth Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Celia Y Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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147
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An M, Ma J, Guo Q. Transformation and Migration of Mercury during Chemical-Looping Gasification of Coal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei An
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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148
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149
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Chen HX, Chen Y, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Gao S, Li N, Tao L, Wang Y. Trace elements determination and health risk assessment of Tricholoma matsutake from Yunnan Province, China. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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150
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Hudelson KE, Muir DCG, Drevnick PE, Köck G, Iqaluk D, Wang X, Kirk JL, Barst BD, Grgicak-Mannion A, Shearon R, Fisk AT. Temporal trends, lake-to-lake variation, and climate effects on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) mercury concentrations from six High Arctic lakes in Nunavut, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:801-812. [PMID: 31085496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and mercury (Hg) are concurrently influencing Arctic ecosystems, altering their functioning and threatening food security. Non-anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in small lakes were used to biomonitor these two anthropogenic stressors, because this iconic Arctic species is a long-lived top predator in relatively simple food webs, and yet population characteristics vary greatly, reflecting differences between lake systems. Mercury concentrations in six landlocked Arctic char populations on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut have been monitored as early as 1989, providing a novel dataset to examine differences in muscle [Hg] among char populations, temporal trends, and the relationship between climate patterns and Arctic char [Hg]. We found significant lake-to-lake differences in length-adjusted Arctic char muscle [Hg], which varied by up to 9-fold. Arctic char muscle [Hg] was significantly correlated to dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations in water; neither watershed area or vegetation cover explained differences. Three lakes exhibited significant temporal declines in length-adjusted [Hg] in Arctic char; the other three lakes had no significant trends. Though precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and sea ice duration were tested, no single climate variable was significantly correlated to length-adjusted [Hg] across populations. However, Arctic char Hg in Resolute Lake exhibited a significant correlation with sea ice duration, which is likely closely linked to lake ice duration, and which may impact Hg processing in lakes. Additionally, Arctic char [Hg] in Amituk Lake was significantly correlated to snow fall, which may be linked to Hg deposition. The lack of consistent temporal trends in neighboring char populations indicates that currently, within lake processes are the strongest drivers of [Hg] in char in the study lakes and potentially in other Arctic lakes, and that the influence of climate change will likely vary from lake to lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karista E Hudelson
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Paul E Drevnick
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Alberta Environment and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Calgary, AB T2E 7L7, Canada
| | - Günter Köck
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Deborah Iqaluk
- Hamlet of Resolute Bay, Resolute Bay, NU X0A 0V0, Canada
| | - Xiaowa Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jane L Kirk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Alice Grgicak-Mannion
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rebecca Shearon
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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