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Rehman KS, Carr BR, Rainey WE. Profiling the Steroidogenic Pathway in Human Fetal and Adult Adrenals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce R. Carr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - William E. Rainey
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9032
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Induction of KIAA1199/CEMIP is associated with colon cancer phenotype and poor patient survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30500-15. [PMID: 26437221 PMCID: PMC4741547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes induced in colon cancer provide novel candidate biomarkers of tumor phenotype and aggressiveness. We originally identified KIAA1199 (now officially called CEMIP) as a transcript highly induced in colon cancer: initially designating the transcript as Colon Cancer Secreted Protein 1. We molecularly characterized CEMIP expression both at the mRNA and protein level and found it is a secreted protein induced an average of 54-fold in colon cancer. Knockout of CEMIPreduced the ability of human colon cancer cells to form xenograft tumors in athymic mice. Tumors that did grow had increased deposition of hyaluronan, linking CEMIP participation in hyaluronan degradation to the modulation of tumor phenotype. We find CEMIP mRNA overexpression correlates with poorer patient survival. In stage III only (n = 31) or in combined stage II plus stage III colon cancer cases (n = 73), 5-year overall survival was significantly better (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0003, respectively) among patients with low CEMIP expressing tumors than those with high CEMIP expressing tumors. These results demonstrate that CEMIP directly facilitates colon tumor growth, and high CEMIP expression correlates with poor outcome in stage III and in stages II+III combined cohorts. We present CEMIP as a candidate prognostic marker for colon cancer and a potential therapeutic target.
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Abstract
This article contains results from a literary analysis of fifty scientific papers selected from the top 100 most-cited papers appearing in the Science Citation Index for the period 1945–1988. Most papers are from the field of biochemistry and became citation superstars because their authors discovered a method or material that numerous others could use in their own research. The typical paper has two authors, two tables, six figures, and twenty-two references. It adheres to the conventional topical organization, with the topics distributed as follows: 2 percent abstract, 5 percent introduction, 25 percent methods and materials, 50 percent results, 10 percent discussion, 4 percent conclusion, and 4 percent reference list. Tables and figures occupy about 30 percent of the article. With respect to the writing style, the average sentence is somewhat long (24 words) but not unreasonably so, and the sentence structure is simple greater than half the time. Moreover, sentences tend to rely heavily on to be verbs (about 80% of sentences have at least one) and abstract nouns (0.66 per sentence). Explanations for the typical form and writing style in these papers are provided.
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Oliveira-Garcia E, Deising HB. Attenuation of PAMP-triggered immunity in maize requires down-regulation of the key β-1,6-glucan synthesis genes KRE5 and KRE6 in biotrophic hyphae of Colletotrichum graminicola. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:355-75. [PMID: 27144995 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pathogen defense is initiated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Fungal structural cell wall polymers such as branched β-glucans are essential for infection structure rigidity and pathogenicity, but at the same time represent PAMPs. Kre5 and Kre6 are key enzymes in β-1,6-glucan synthesis and formation of branch points of the β-glucan network. In spite of the importance of branched β-glucan for hyphal rigidity and plant-fungus interactions, neither the role of KRE5 and KRE6 in pathogenesis nor mechanisms allowing circumventing branched β-glucan-triggered immune responses are known. We functionally characterized KRE5 and KRE6 of the ascomycete Colletotrichum graminicola, a hemibiotroph that infects maize (Zea mays). After appressorial plant invasion, this fungus sequentially differentiates biotrophic and highly destructive necrotrophic hyphae. RNAi-mediated reduction of KRE5 and KRE6 transcript abundance caused appressoria to burst and swelling of necrotrophic hyphae, indicating that β-1,6-glucosidic bonds are essential in these cells. Live cell imaging employing KRE5:mCherry and KRE6:mCherry knock-in strains and probing of infection structures with a YFP-conjugated β-1,6-glucan-binding protein showed expression of these genes and exposure of β-1,6-glucan in conidia, appressoria and necrotrophic, but not in biotrophic hyphae. Overexpression of KRE5 and KRE6 in biotrophic hyphae led to activation of broad-spectrum plant defense responses, including papilla and H2 O2 formation, as well as transcriptional activation of several defense-related genes. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that down-regulation of synthesis and avoidance of exposure of branched β-1,3-β-1,6-glucan in biotrophic hyphae is required for attenuation of plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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105
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Lijnen PJ, Petrov VV, Turner M, Fagard RH. Collagen Production in Cardiac Fibroblasts During Inhibition of Aminopeptidase B. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 6:69-77. [PMID: 16470485 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2005.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine whether the aminopeptidase B inhibitor, arphamenine A, could affect collagen production and expression in control and TGF-ß1-treated cardiac fibroblasts. Design and Methods. Cardiac fibroblasts from passage 2 from normal male adult rats were cultured to confluency and incubated with and without 600 pmol/l TGF-ß1 for 2 days in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and then incubated with 100 µmol/l arphamenine A for 1 day in this medium added ascorbic acid, ß-aminopropionitrile and titriated proline. Soluble collagen was measured in the conditioned medium and non-soluble collagen in the cell layer. Aminopeptidase activity was estimated by spectrophotometric determination of the liberation of p-nitroaniline from alanine- or arginine-p-nitroanilide. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and lysyl oxidase activity were assayed in the conditioned medium. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of lysyl oxidase and collagen type I and III. Results. Arphamenine A dose-dependently inhibited basal and TGF-ß 1-stimulated aminopeptidase activity. Arphamenine A reduced soluble and non-soluble collagen production in control and TGF-ß1-treated cardiac fibroblasts, while it decreased collagen type I and III expression only in TGF-ß1-treated fibroblasts. Lysyl oxidase, MMP-1 and MMP-2 activity were inhibited by arphamenine A in the conditioned media of control and TGF-ß1treated cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions. Our data show that the specific aminopeptidase B inhibitor, arphamenine A, reduces collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts and that this reduction is accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of lysyl oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lijnen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholoke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) Belgium.
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Toy-Miou-Leong M, Bachelet CM, Pélaprat D, Rostène W, Forgez P. NT Agonist Regulates Expression of Nuclear High-affinity Neurotensin Receptors. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:335-45. [PMID: 14966200 DOI: 10.1177/002215540405200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) exerts multiple functions in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Its actions are mainly mediated by a high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptor, the NT-1 receptor. In this study we demonstrated a nuclear NT binding site in different cellular models. We first noted that a large percentage of NT-1 receptor cell body immunoreactivity was located in the nuclear soma and nuclear envelope of rat substantia nigra, a brain area rich in NT-containing axon terminals. The NT-1 receptor was also visualized in purified nuclei from CHO cells stably transfected with NT-1 receptor coupled to the enhanced green fluorescence protein by immunocytochemistry. We observed that both the nuclear envelope and the nuclear soma were labeled, and the labeling intensity significantly increased after NT agonist treatment. These results suggested that NT-1 receptors, present in both the nuclear soma and the nuclear envelope, can be modulated by the ligand. Lastly, [125I]-NT binding experiments performed on isolated nuclei from a human lung cancer cell line endogenously expressing NT-1 receptor and NT, LNM35, revealed the existence of nuclear Gpp(NHp)-sensitive binding sites. These binding sites markedly decreased when cells were chronically treated with an NT-1 receptor antagonist, SR 48692. Taken together, these data suggest that the agonist regulates the expression of nuclear NT-1 receptors.
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107
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Schröder HC, Ushijima H, Bek A, Merz H, Pfeifer K, Müller WEG. Inhibition of Formation of Rev-RRE Complex by Pyronin Y. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029300400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of pyronin Y, an RNA intercalating drug, with the binding of Rev protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to Rev-responsive element (RRE)-containing env RNA was studied. In gel retardation assays, recombinant Rev protein tightly bound to in vitro transcribed RRE RNA. Nitrocellulose-filter-binding studies revealed a dissociation constant of ≈(1–2) = 10−10M (Pfeifer et al., 1991). Pyronin Y efficiently suppressed formation of the Rev-RRE complex. At a concentration of 1 μg ml−1, complex formation was almost completely inhibited. Electron microscopy showed that Rev oligomerizes in the presence of RRE-containing RNA with the formation of short rod-like structures or long filaments, depending on the length of the transcript. Assembly of Rev protein along RRE-containing RNAs was abolished after addition of pyronin Y. Thus pyronin Y represents the first compound described to inhibit Rev-RRE complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Schröder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Ushijima
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Health, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208, Japan
| | - A. Bek
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Merz
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Pfeifer
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - W. E. G. Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 6500 Mainz, Germany
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108
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Yin CC, Ma B, Wang W, Xiong Q, Zhao H, Chen SY, Zhang JS. RNA Extraction and Preparation in Rice (Oryza sativa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:411-418. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Biao Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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27-Hydroxycholesterol suppresses lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenic and adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:485-492. [PMID: 26983933 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products (oxycholesterols) are produced from cholesterol by automatic and/or enzymatic oxidation of the steroidal backbone and side-chain. Oxycholesterols are present in plasma and serum, suggesting that oxycholesterols are related to the development and progression of various diseases. However, limited information is available about the absolute amounts of oxycholesterols in organs and tissues, and the physiological significance of oxycholesterols in the body. In the present study, we quantified the levels of 13 oxycholesterols in white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice and then evaluated correlations between each oxycholesterol level and WAT weight. The sum of the levels of 13 oxycholesterols in WAT (white adipose tissue) was 15.9 ± 3.4 μg/g of WAT weight and approximately 1 % of cholesterol level. Among oxycholesterols, the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH), an endogenous oxycholesterol produced by enzymatic oxidation, and the relative WAT weights were significantly negatively correlated. Next, we evaluated the effects of 27-OH on lipogenesis and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. TO901317 (TO), a potent and selective agonist for LXRα, significantly increased intracellular TAG contents, while 27-OH significantly reduced the contents to half when compared with control (DMSO) and completely abolished the effect of TO. In addition, 27-OH significantly reduced the mRNA levels of lipogenic (LXRα and FAS) and adipogenic genes (PPARγ and aP2) during adipocyte maturation of 3T3-L1 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that 27-OH suppresses lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenic and adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells.
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110
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Chen TM, Czerwiec FS, Puett D. Steroidogenesis and early response gene expression in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells following heterologous receptor down-regulation and cellular desensitization. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:305-312. [PMID: 26878066 PMCID: PMC4748167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leydig tumor cell line, MA-10, expresses the luteinizing hormone receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor that, when activated with luteinizing hormone or chorionic gonadotropin (CG), stimulates cAMP production and subsequent steroidogenesis, notably progesterone. These cells also respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and phorbol esters with increased steroid biosynthesis. In order to probe the intracellular pathways along with heterologous receptor down-regulation and cellular desensitization, cells were preincubated with EGF or phorbol esters and then challenged with CG, EGF, dibutryl-cyclic AMP, and a phorbol ester. Relative receptor numbers, steroid biosynthesis, and expression of the early response genes, JUNB and c-FOS, were measured. It was found that in all cases but one receptor down-regulation and decreased progesterone production were closely coupled under the conditions used; the exception involved preincubation of the cells with EGF followed by addition of CG where the CG-mediated stimulation of steroidogenesis was considerably lower than the level of receptor down-regulation. In a number of instances JUNB and c-FOS expression paralleled the decreases in receptor number and progesterone production, while in some cases these early response genes were affected little if at all by the changes in receptor number. This finding may indicate that even low levels of activated signaling kinases, e.g. protein kinase A, protein kinase C, or receptor tyrosine kinase, may suffice to yield good expression of JUNB and c-FOS, or it may suggest alternative pathways for regulating expression of these two early response genes. Leydig tumor cells respond to hCG, cAMP, EGF, and phorbol esters with increased steroidogenesis. These same agents increase expression of the early response genes JUNB and c-FOS. Down-regulation of EGF receptors reduced hCG receptors and steroidogenesis. Desensitization of the PKC pathway reduced hCG receptors and steroidogenesis. Often expression of JUNB and c-FOS paralleled receptor loss, but not always.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuey-Ming Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Frank S. Czerwiec
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical, 2440 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Puett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mason Farm Drive, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Corresponding author.
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111
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Xiao W, Liu Y, Luo B, Zhao L, Liu X, Zeng Z, Chen P. Time-dependent gene expression analysis after mouse skeletal muscle contusion. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:101-108. [PMID: 30356928 PMCID: PMC6191981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration are deeply understood, those involved in muscle contusion, one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine clinics, are not. The objective of this study is to explore the mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration after contusion injury. METHODS In this study, a total of 72 mice were used. Eight of them were randomly chosen for the control group, while the rest were subjected to muscle contusion. Subsequently, their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested at different time points. The changes in muscle morphology were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. In addition, the gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The data showed that the expression of many genes, i.e., specific markers of immune cells and satellite cells, regulatory factors for muscle regeneration, cytokines, and chemokines, increased in the early stages of recovery, especially in the first 3 days. Furthermore, there were strict rules in the expression of these genes. However, almost all the genes returned to normal at 14 days post-injury. CONCLUSION The sequence of immune cells invaded after muscle contusion was neutrophils, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. Some CC (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4) and CXC (CXCL10) chemokines may be involved in the chemotaxis of these immune cells. HGF may be the primary factor to activate the satellite cells after muscle contusion. Moreover, 2 weeks are needed to recover when acute contusion happens as used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Exercise Science, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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112
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Extraction of high-quality RNA from pancreatic tissues for gene expression studies. Anal Biochem 2016; 500:60-2. [PMID: 26896683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracting RNA from pancreatic tissue is notoriously challenging because of the organ's high RNase content. Standard methods using TriPure or TRIzol classically yield RNA of sufficient quality for routine gene expression analysis but not for microarray or deep sequencing analysis. Here we developed a simple method to extract high-quality RNA from mouse pancreas. Our method uses an RNase inhibitor and combines different protocols using guanidium thiocyanate-phenol extraction. It enables reproducible isolation of RNA with an RNA integrity number around 9.
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Murakami S, Fujita M, Nakamura M, Sakono M, Nishizono S, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Mori M, Fukuda N. Taurine ameliorates cholesterol metabolism by stimulating bile acid production in high-cholesterol-fed rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:372-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki
| | - Masanobu Sakono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki
| | - Shoko Nishizono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | | | - Mari Mori
- Institute for World Health Development; Mukogawa Women's University; Nishinomiya Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki
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Rysä J. Gene expression profiling of human calcific aortic valve disease. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 7:107-8. [PMID: 26981379 PMCID: PMC4778651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease is a slowly progressive disorder that ranges from mild valve thickening (i.e. aortic sclerosis) to severe calcification of valves (i.e. aortic stenosis). Gene expression profiling analysis of non-calcified controls, sclerotic, and calcified aortic valves was performed to better understand the progression of calcific aortic valve disease. The complementary information related to processing and statistical analysis of the DNA microarray data is provided in this article. Interpretation of this data can be found in a research article entitled “MicroRNA-125b and chemokine CCL4 expression are associated with calcific aortic valve disease” [1]. The microarray data complies with MIAME guidelines and is deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession number GSE51472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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115
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Grasso D, Bintz J, Lomberk G, Molejon MI, Loncle C, Garcia MN, Lopez MB, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Pivotal Role of the Chromatin Protein Nupr1 in Kras-Induced Senescence and Transformation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17549. [PMID: 26617245 PMCID: PMC4663475 DOI: 10.1038/srep17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nupr1 is a chromatin protein, which cooperates with KrasG12D to induce PanIN formation and pancreatic cancer development in mice, though the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be fully characterized. In the current study, we report that Nupr1 acts as a gene modifier of the effect of KrasG12D-induced senescence by regulating Dnmt1 expression and consequently genome-wide levels of DNA methylation. Congruently, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytydine, a general inhibitor of DNA methylation, reverses the KrasG12D-induced PanIN development by promoting senescence. This requirement of Nupr1 expression, however, is not restricted to the pancreas since in lung of Nupr1–/– mice the expression of KrasG12D induces senescence instead of transformation. Therefore, mechanistically this data reveals that epigenetic events, at least at the level of DNA methylation, modulate the functional outcome of common genetic mutations, such as KrasG12D, during carcinogenesis. The biomedical relevance of these findings lies in that they support the rational for developing similar therapeutic interventions in human aimed at controlling either the initiation or progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grasso
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Bintz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Maria Ines Molejon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Belen Lopez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Ishibashi Y, Kasa S, Sakamoto M, Aoki N, Kai K, Yuasa T, Hanada A, Yamaguchi S, Iwaya-Inoue M. A Role for Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by NADPH Oxidases in the Embryo and Aleurone Cells in Barley Seed Germination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143173. [PMID: 26579718 PMCID: PMC4651353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote the germination of several seeds, and antioxidants suppress it. However, questions remain regarding the role and production mechanism of ROS in seed germination. Here, we focused on NADPH oxidases, which produce ROS. After imbibition, NADPH oxidase mRNAs were expressed in the embryo and in aleurone cells of barley seed; these expression sites were consistent with the sites of ROS production in the seed after imbibition. To clarify the role of NADPH oxidases in barley seed germination, we examined gibberellic acid (GA) / abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and signaling in barley seeds treated with diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. DPI significantly suppressed germination, and suppressed GA biosynthesis and ABA catabolism in embryos. GA, but not ABA, induced NADPH oxidase activity in aleurone cells. Additionally, DPI suppressed the early induction of α-amylase by GA in aleurone cells. These results suggest that ROS produced by NADPH oxidases promote GA biosynthesis in embryos, that GA induces and activates NADPH oxidases in aleurone cells, and that ROS produced by NADPH oxidases induce α-amylase in aleurone cells. We conclude that the ROS generated by NADPH oxidases regulate barley seed germination through GA / ABA metabolism and signaling in embryo and aleurone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Ishibashi
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kasa
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Sakamoto
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomi Aoki
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kai
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuasa
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hanada
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Iwaya-Inoue
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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117
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Xiao W, Chen P, Liu X, Zhao L. The Impaired Function of Macrophages Induced by Strenuous Exercise Could Not Be Ameliorated by BCAA Supplementation. Nutrients 2015; 7:8645-56. [PMID: 26506374 PMCID: PMC4632445 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise on the functions of peritoneal macrophages in rats and to test the hypothesis that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation will be beneficial to the macrophages of rats from strenuous exercise. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (C) Control, E) Exercise, (E1) Exercise with one week to recover, (ES) Exercise + Supplementation and (ES1) Exercise + Supplementation with 1 week to recover. All rats except those of the sedentary control were subjected to four weeks of strenuous exercise. Blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone and BCAA levels were tested. Peritoneal macrophages functions were also determined at the same time. The data showed that hemoglobin, testosterone, BCAA levels, and body weight in group E decreased significantly as compared with that of group C. Meanwhile, phagocytosis capacity (decreased by 17.07%, p = 0.031), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (decreased by 26%, p = 0.003) and MHC II mRNA (decreased by 22%, p = 0.041) of macrophages decreased in the strenuous exercise group as compared with group C. However, the chemotaxis of macrophages did not change significantly. In addition, BCAA supplementation could slightly increase the serum BCAA levels of rats from strenuous exercise (increased by 6.70%, p > 0.05). Moreover, the body weight, the blood hemoglobin, the serum testosterone and the function of peritoneal macrophages in group ES did not change significantly as compared with group E. These results suggest that long-term intensive exercise impairs the function of macrophages, which is essential for microbicidal capability. This may represent a novel mechanism of immunosuppression induced by strenuous exercise. Moreover, the impaired function of macrophage induced by strenuous exercise could not be ameliorated by BCAA supplementation in the dosing and timing used for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xiao
- Department of Sports Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Peijie Chen
- Department of Sports Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Sports Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Sports Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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118
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Wang Y, Ostlund EN, Jun Y, Nie FP, Li YG, Johnson DJ, Lin R, Li ZG. Combining reverse-transcription multiplex PCR and microfluidic electrophoresis to simultaneously detect seven mosquito-transmitted zoonotic encephalomyelitis viruses. Vet J 2015; 212:27-35. [PMID: 27256022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mosquito-transmitted viruses are causative agents for zoonotic encephalomyelitis. Rapid identification of these viruses in mosquito populations is an effective method for surveying these diseases. To detect multiple mosquito-transmitted viral agents, including West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, an assay using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR combined with microfluidic electrophoresis was developed and evaluated. Tailed nested primers were used in the assay to amplify specific viral genomic segments, and products with specific length were further analyzed by using a microfluidic electrophoresis chip. The assay exhibited good specificity and analytical sensitivity (10(2) copies/µL). This technology can be helpful in the quarantine and surveillance of exotic encephalomyelitis viruses which are transmitted by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Yang Jun
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Fu-Ping Nie
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ying-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Donna J Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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119
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Resnyk CW, Chen C, Huang H, Wu CH, Simon J, Le Bihan-Duval E, Duclos MJ, Cogburn LA. RNA-Seq Analysis of Abdominal Fat in Genetically Fat and Lean Chickens Highlights a Divergence in Expression of Genes Controlling Adiposity, Hemostasis, and Lipid Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139549. [PMID: 26445145 PMCID: PMC4596860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection for enhanced growth rate in meat-type chickens (Gallus domesticus) is usually accompanied by excessive adiposity, which has negative impacts on both feed efficiency and carcass quality. Enhanced visceral fatness and several unique features of avian metabolism (i.e., fasting hyperglycemia and insulin insensitivity) mimic overt symptoms of obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans. Elucidation of the genetic and endocrine factors that contribute to excessive visceral fatness in chickens could also advance our understanding of human metabolic diseases. Here, RNA sequencing was used to examine differential gene expression in abdominal fat of genetically fat and lean chickens, which exhibit a 2.8-fold divergence in visceral fatness at 7 wk. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that many of 1687 differentially expressed genes are associated with hemostasis, endocrine function and metabolic syndrome in mammals. Among the highest expressed genes in abdominal fat, across both genotypes, were 25 differentially expressed genes associated with de novo synthesis and metabolism of lipids. Over-expression of numerous adipogenic and lipogenic genes in the FL chickens suggests that in situ lipogenesis in chickens could make a more substantial contribution to expansion of visceral fat mass than previously recognized. Distinguishing features of the abdominal fat transcriptome in lean chickens were high abundance of multiple hemostatic and vasoactive factors, transporters, and ectopic expression of several hormones/receptors, which could control local vasomotor tone and proteolytic processing of adipokines, hemostatic factors and novel endocrine factors. Over-expression of several thrombogenic genes in abdominal fat of lean chickens is quite opposite to the pro-thrombotic state found in obese humans. Clearly, divergent genetic selection for an extreme (2.5-2.8-fold) difference in visceral fatness provokes a number of novel regulatory responses that govern growth and metabolism of visceral fat in this unique avian model of juvenile-onset obesity and glucose-insulin imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Resnyk
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Chuming Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Hongzhan Huang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Cathy H. Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jean Simon
- INRA UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Larry A. Cogburn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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120
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Pavani KC, Baron EE, Faheem M, Chaveiro A, Da Silva FM. Optimisation of total RNA extraction from bovine oocytes and embryos for gene expression studies and effects of cryoprotectants on total RNA extraction. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Dupouy S, Doan VK, Wu Z, Mourra N, Liu J, De Wever O, Llorca FP, Cayre A, Kouchkar A, Gompel A, Forgez P. Activation of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 by neurotensin/neurotensin receptor 1 renders breast tumors aggressive yet highly responsive to lapatinib and metformin in mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8235-51. [PMID: 25249538 PMCID: PMC4226680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A present challenge in breast oncology research is to identify therapeutical targets which could impact tumor progression. Neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) are up regulated in 20% of breast cancers, and NTSR1 overexpression was shown to predict a poor prognosis for 5 year overall survival in invasive breast carcinomas. Interactions between NTS and NTSR1 induce pro-oncogenic biological effects associated with neoplastic processes and tumor progression. Here, we depict the cellular mechanisms activated by NTS, and contributing to breast cancer cell aggressiveness. We show that neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) contribute to the enhancement of experimental tumor growth and metastasis emergence in an experimental mice model. This effect ensued following EGFR, HER2, and HER3 over-expression and autocrine activation and was associated with an increase of metalloproteinase MMP9, HB-EGF and Neuregulin 2 in the culture media. EGFR over expression ensued in a more intense response to EGF on cellular migration and invasion. Accordingly, lapatinib, an EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as well as metformin, reduced the tumor growth of cells overexpressing NTS and NTSR1. All cellular effects, such as adherence, migration, invasion, altered by NTS/NTSR1 were abolished by a specific NTSR1 antagonist. A strong statistical correlation between NTS-NTSR1-and HER3 (p< 0.0001) as well as NTS-NTSR1-and HER3- HER2 (p< 0.001) expression was found in human breast tumors. Expression of NTS/NTSR1 on breast tumoral cells creates a cellular context associated with cancer aggressiveness by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor activity. We propose the use of labeled NTS/NTSR1 complexes to enlarge the population eligible for therapy targeting HERs tyrosine kinase inhibitor or HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zherui Wu
- UMRS U938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France
| | - Najat Mourra
- UMRS U938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. Pathology Department Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jin Liu
- UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France
| | - Olivier De Wever
- The Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Cayre
- Pathology Department, Jean Perrin center, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Amal Kouchkar
- Pathology Department, Alger Pierre and Marie Curie center, Algeria
| | - Anne Gompel
- UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes 45, Paris, France. Gynecology Unit, Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Cochin Hôtel-Dieu Broca, Paris, France
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122
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Cailliau K, Lescuyer A, Burnol AF, Cuesta-Marbán Á, Widmann C, Browaeys-Poly E. RasGAP Shields Akt from Deactivating Phosphatases in Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling but Loses This Ability Once Cleaved by Caspase-3. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19653-65. [PMID: 26109071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are involved in proliferative and differentiation physiological responses. Deregulation of FGFR-mediated signaling involving the Ras/PI3K/Akt and the Ras/Raf/ERK MAPK pathways is causally involved in the development of several cancers. The caspase-3/p120 RasGAP module is a stress sensor switch. Under mild stress conditions, RasGAP is cleaved by caspase-3 at position 455. The resulting N-terminal fragment, called fragment N, stimulates anti-death signaling. When caspase-3 activity further increases, fragment N is cleaved at position 157. This generates a fragment, called N2, that no longer protects cells. Here, we investigated in Xenopus oocytes the impact of RasGAP and its fragments on FGF1-mediated signaling during G2/M cell cycle transition. RasGAP used its N-terminal Src homology 2 domain to bind FGFR once stimulated by FGF1, and this was necessary for the recruitment of Akt to the FGFR complex. Fragment N, which did not associate with the FGFR complex, favored FGF1-induced ERK stimulation, leading to accelerated G2/M transition. In contrast, fragment N2 bound the FGFR, and this inhibited mTORC2-dependent Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation and ERK2 phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of Akt on Thr-308. This also blocked cell cycle progression. Inhibition of Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation and entry into G2/M was relieved by PHLPP phosphatase inhibition. Hence, full-length RasGAP favors Akt activity by shielding it from deactivating phosphatases. This shielding was abrogated by fragment N2. These results highlight the role played by RasGAP in FGFR signaling and how graded stress intensities, by generating different RasGAP fragments, can positively or negatively impact this signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cailliau
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France,
| | - Arlette Lescuyer
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France, and
| | - Álvaro Cuesta-Marbán
- the Department of Physiology, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- the Department of Physiology, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Browaeys-Poly
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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123
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Schimmer BP, Cordova M. Corticotropin (ACTH) regulates alternative RNA splicing in Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:5-11. [PMID: 25281401 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The stimulatory effect of ACTH on gene expression is well documented and is thought to be a major mechanism by which ACTH maintains the functional and structural integrity of the gland. Previously, we showed that ACTH regulates the accumulation of over 1200 transcripts in Y1 adrenal cells, including a cluster with functions in alternative splicing of RNA. On this basis, we postulated that some of the effects of ACTH on the transcription landscape of Y1 cells are mediated by alternative splicing. In this study, we demonstrate that ACTH regulates the alternative splicing of four transcripts - Gnas, Cd151, Dab2 and Tia1. Inasmuch as alternative splicing potentially affects transcripts from more than two-thirds of the mouse genome, we suggest that these findings are representative of a genome-wide effect of ACTH that impacts on the mRNA and protein composition of the adrenal cortex.
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124
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Lin S, Ikegami M, Moon C, Naren AP, Shannon JM. Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) Specifically Interacts with Phospholipid Transfer Protein StarD10 to Facilitate Surfactant Phospholipid Trafficking in Alveolar Type II Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18559-74. [PMID: 26048993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of proteins and phospholipids, plays an important role in facilitating gas exchange by maintaining alveolar stability. Saturated phosphatidylcholine (SatPC), the major component of surfactant, is synthesized both de novo and by the remodeling of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) by lyso-PC acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1). After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, SatPC is routed to lamellar bodies (LBs) for storage prior to secretion. The mechanism by which SatPC is transported to LB is not understood. The specificity of LPCAT1 for lyso-PC as an acyl acceptor suggests that formation of SatPC via LPCAT1 reacylation is a final step in SatPC synthesis prior to transport. We hypothesized that LPCAT1 forms a transient complex with SatPC and specific phospholipid transport protein(s) to initiate trafficking of SatPC from the endoplasmic reticulum to the LB. Herein we have assessed the ability of different StarD proteins to interact with LPCAT1. We found that LPCAT1 interacts with StarD10, that this interaction is direct, and that amino acids 79-271 of LPCAT1 and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain of START domain-containing protein 10 (StarD10) are sufficient for this interaction. The role of StarD10 in trafficking of phospholipid to LB was confirmed by the observation that knockdown of StarD10 significantly reduced transport of phospholipid to LB. LPCAT1 also interacted with one isoform of StarD7 but showed no interaction with StarD2/PC transfer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Lin
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and
| | | | - Changsuk Moon
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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125
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Hill VR, Narayanan J, Gallen RR, Ferdinand KL, Cromeans T, Vinjé J. Development of a nucleic Acid extraction procedure for simultaneous recovery of DNA and RNA from diverse microbes in water. Pathogens 2015; 4:335-54. [PMID: 26016775 PMCID: PMC4493477 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking and environmental water samples contain a diverse array of constituents that can interfere with molecular testing techniques, especially when large volumes of water are concentrated to the small volumes needed for effective molecular analysis. In this study, a suite of enteric viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites were seeded into concentrated source water and finished drinking water samples, in order to investigate the relative performance of nucleic acid extraction techniques for molecular testing. Real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR crossing threshold (CT) values were used as the metrics for evaluating relative performance. Experimental results were used to develop a guanidinium isothiocyanate-based lysis buffer (UNEX buffer) that enabled effective simultaneous extraction and recovery of DNA and RNA from the suite of study microbes. Procedures for bead beating, nucleic acid purification, and PCR facilitation were also developed and integrated in the protocol. The final lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure was found to be effective for a panel of drinking water and source water concentrates when compared to commercial nucleic acid extraction kits. The UNEX buffer-based extraction protocol enabled PCR detection of six study microbes, in 100 L finished water samples from four drinking water treatment facilities, within three CT values (i.e., within 90% difference) of the reagent-grade water control. The results from this study indicate that this newly formulated lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure can be useful for standardized molecular testing of drinking and environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R Hill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Jothikumar Narayanan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Rachel R Gallen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Karen L Ferdinand
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Theresa Cromeans
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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126
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Meslin C, Desert C, Callebaut I, Djari A, Klopp C, Pitel F, Leroux S, Martin P, Froment P, Guilbert E, Gondret F, Lagarrigue S, Monget P. Expanding Duplication of Free Fatty Acid Receptor-2 (GPR43) Genes in the Chicken Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1332-48. [PMID: 25912043 PMCID: PMC4453067 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) belong to a family of five G-protein coupled receptors that are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, so that their loss of function increases the risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the expansion of genes encoding paralogs of FFAR2 in the chicken, considered as a model organism for developmental biology and biomedical research. By estimating the gene copy number using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, genomic DNA resequencing, and RNA sequencing data, we showed the existence of 23 ± 1.5 genes encoding FFAR2 paralogs in the chicken genome. The FFAR2 paralogs shared an identity from 87.2% up to 99%. Extensive gene conversion was responsible for this high degree of sequence similarities between these genes, and this concerned especially the four amino acids known to be critical for ligand binding. Moreover, elevated nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios on some amino acids within or in close-vicinity of the ligand-binding groove suggest that positive selection may have reduced the effective rate of gene conversion in this region, thus contributing to diversify the function of some FFAR2 paralogs. All the FFAR2 paralogs were located on a microchromosome in a same linkage group. FFAR2 genes were expressed in different tissues and cells such as spleen, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, abdominal adipose tissue, intestine, and lung, with the highest rate of expression in testis. Further investigations are needed to determine whether these chicken-specific events along evolution are the consequence of domestication and may play a role in regulating lipid metabolism in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meslin
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France UMR7247, CNRS, Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, France Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Colette Desert
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'élevage, Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Université Paris 06, France
| | - Anis Djari
- INRA, BIA, CS 52627, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Frédérique Pitel
- UMR INRA/INPT ENSAT/INPT ENVT, UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'élevage, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sophie Leroux
- UMR INRA/INPT ENSAT/INPT ENVT, UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'élevage, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Pascal Martin
- INRA, UR 0066 Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France UMR7247, CNRS, Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, France Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edith Guilbert
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France UMR7247, CNRS, Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, France Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'élevage, Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Lagarrigue
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'élevage, Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France UMR7247, CNRS, Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, France Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
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Genome sequencing of the Trichoderma reesei QM9136 mutant identifies a truncation of the transcriptional regulator XYR1 as the cause for its cellulase-negative phenotype. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:326. [PMID: 25909478 PMCID: PMC4409711 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases required for the hydrolysis of biomass to simple sugars, which can then be used in the production of biofuels and biorefineries. The highly productive strains in use today were generated by classical mutagenesis. As byproducts of this procedure, mutants were generated that turned out to be unable to produce cellulases. In order to identify the mutations responsible for this inability, we sequenced the genome of one of these strains, QM9136, and compared it to that of its progenitor T. reesei QM6a. Results In QM9136, we detected a surprisingly low number of mutagenic events in the promoter and coding regions of genes, i.e. only eight indels and six single nucleotide variants. One of these indels led to a frame-shift in the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor XYR1, the general regulator of cellulase and xylanase expression, and resulted in its C-terminal truncation by 140 amino acids. Retransformation of strain QM9136 with the wild-type xyr1 allele fully recovered the ability to produce cellulases, and is thus the reason for the cellulase-negative phenotype. Introduction of an engineered xyr1 allele containing the truncating point mutation into the moderate producer T. reesei QM9414 rendered this strain also cellulase-negative. The correspondingly truncated XYR1 protein was still able to enter the nucleus, but failed to be expressed over the basal constitutive level. Conclusion The missing 140 C-terminal amino acids of XYR1 are therefore responsible for its previously observed auto-regulation which is essential for cellulases to be expressed. Our data present a working example of the use of genome sequencing leading to a functional explanation of the QM9136 cellulase-negative phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1526-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Duconseil P, Gilabert M, Gayet O, Loncle C, Moutardier V, Turrini O, Calvo E, Ewald J, Giovannini M, Gasmi M, Bories E, Barthet M, Ouaissi M, Goncalves A, Poizat F, Raoul JL, Secq V, Garcia S, Viens P, Iovanna J, Dusetti N. Transcriptomic analysis predicts survival and sensitivity to anticancer drugs of patients with a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1022-32. [PMID: 25765988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major impediment to the effective treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the molecular heterogeneity of this disease, which is reflected in an equally diverse pattern of clinical outcome and in responses to therapies. We developed an efficient strategy in which PDAC samples from 17 consecutive patients were collected by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration or surgery and were preserved as breathing tumors by xenografting and as a primary culture of epithelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis was performed from breathing tumors by an Affymetrix approach. We observed significant heterogeneity in the RNA expression profile of tumors. However, the bioinformatic analysis of these data was able to discriminate between patients with long- and short-term survival corresponding to patients with moderately or poorly differentiated PDAC tumors, respectively. Primary culture of cells allowed us to analyze their relative sensitivity to anticancer drugs in vitro using a chemogram, similar to the antibiogram for microorganisms, establishing an individual profile of drug sensitivity. As expected, the response was patient dependent. We also found that transcriptomic analysis predicts the sensitivity of cells to the five anticancer drugs most frequently used to treat patients with PDAC. In conclusion, using this approach, we found that transcriptomic analysis could predict the sensitivity to anticancer drugs and the clinical outcome of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duconseil
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France; Department of Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France; Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Ezequiel Calvo
- Genomic Center, CHUL Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohamed Gasmi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marc Barthet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- Department of Surgery, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Veronique Secq
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France; Department of Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France; Department of Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Juan Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Scientific and Technological Park of Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Liu Y, Xia W, Yang P, Zhang S, Shi Z, Tang H, Zhang L. Cloning and expression of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase derived from marine yeastRhodosporidium diobovatum. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1082-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Pucheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Zhihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Discipline of Biological Engineering of Hebei Province; College of Life Sciences; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
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Li H, Zhang H, Zhao S, Shi Y, Yao J, Zhang Y, Guo H, Liu X. Overexpression of MACC1 and the association with hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1989-1996. [PMID: 26137000 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) is a gene that has been newly identified by a genome-wide search for differentially expressed genes in human colon cancer tissues, metastases and normal tissues. MACC1 exerts an important role in colon cancer metastasis through upregulation of the c-Met proto-oncogene. The tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the c-Met oncogene exhibits the unusual property of mediating the invasive growth of epithelial cells upon binding with the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). MACC1 has been investigated with regard to colon carcinoma and MACC1 expression is associated with metastasis in various types of human cancer. However, the value of MACC1 as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer remains unknown, although the c-Met/HGF receptor has been shown to be overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. To investigate the role of MACC1 in epithelial ovarian tumors, the expression levels of MACC1 mRNA in ovarian tumor specimens were analyzed together with the prognostic significance. MACC1 protein expression was also detected in the epithelial ovarian tissue specimens, and the effects of MACC1 overexpression on ovarian cancer migration, invasion and prognosis were evaluated. Due to the close association between MACC1 and c-Met expression levels in colon cancer, the expression levels of HGF/c-Met in the ovarian specimens were also examined to determine whether such a correlation is also present in epithelial ovarian cancer. A total of 92 epithelial ovarian tissue samples were used to assess the expression levels of MACC1 mRNA and protein using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods, respectively. The serum levels of MACC1 protein expression in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that MACC1 may be important in the malignant progression of epithelial ovarian tumors, in particular for early stage patients. Thus, MACC1 may become a predictor of prognosis and a therapeutic target in the treatment of ovarian tumors. The combined detection of MACC1 and HGF/c-Met is therefore important in assessing the prognosis of patients with malignant epithelial ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junge Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xingsuo Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Combined QTL and selective sweep mappings with coding SNP annotation and cis-eQTL analysis revealed PARK2 and JAG2 as new candidate genes for adiposity regulation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:517-29. [PMID: 25653314 PMCID: PMC4390568 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.016865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Very few causal genes have been identified by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping because of the large size of QTL, and most of them were identified thanks to functional links already known with the targeted phenotype. Here, we propose to combine selection signature detection, coding SNP annotation, and cis-expression QTL analyses to identify potential causal genes underlying QTL identified in divergent line designs. As a model, we chose experimental chicken lines divergently selected for only one trait, the abdominal fat weight, in which several QTL were previously mapped. Using new haplotype-based statistics exploiting the very high SNP density generated through whole-genome resequencing, we found 129 significant selective sweeps. Most of the QTL colocalized with at least one sweep, which markedly narrowed candidate region size. Some of those sweeps contained only one gene, therefore making them strong positional causal candidates with no presupposed function. We then focused on two of these QTL/sweeps. The absence of nonsynonymous SNPs in their coding regions strongly suggests the existence of causal mutations acting in cis on their expression, confirmed by cis-eQTL identification using either allele-specific expression or genetic mapping analyses. Additional expression analyses of those two genes in the chicken and mice contrasted for adiposity reinforces their link with this phenotype. This study shows for the first time the interest of combining selective sweeps mapping, coding SNP annotation and cis-eQTL analyses for identifying causative genes for a complex trait, in the context of divergent lines selected for this specific trait. Moreover, it highlights two genes, JAG2 and PARK2, as new potential negative and positive key regulators of adiposity in chicken and mice.
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Guo W, Liu Y, Yan X, Liu M, Tang H, Liu Z, Zhang L. Cloning and characterization of a phytoene dehydrogenase gene from marine yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1017-27. [PMID: 25627014 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a naturally occurring and widely distributed group of pigments that provide protection against photooxidation and inactivate free radicals due to their highly conjugated double-bond systems. Phytoene dehydrogenation is the first rate-limiting step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Phytoene dehydrogenase is the key enzyme in the transformation of carotenoid from colorless to colored; therefore it is the first target of gene manipulation. The present study describes the identification and functional characterization of a carontenoid synthesis gene from Rhodosporidium diobovatum, designated as crtI, which catalyzes the dehydrogenation of phytoene. We obtained a full-length cDNA clone of crtI, encoding phytoene dehydrogenase (EC Number: 1.3.99.31), from R. diobovatum ATCC 2527 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Complementation mapping of the crtI gene in Escherichia coli allowed us to localize the regions responsible for phytoene dehydrogenase function within the protein. Enzyme activity of the expressed protein in E. coli was verified using high performance liquid chromatography analysis. We were able to determine the nucleotide sequence of crtI from R. diobovatum. The publicly available sequence will be useful in future studies on phytoene dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
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Secq V, Leca J, Bressy C, Guillaumond F, Skrobuk P, Nigri J, Lac S, Lavaut MN, Bui TT, Thakur AK, Callizot N, Steinschneider R, Berthezene P, Dusetti N, Ouaissi M, Moutardier V, Calvo E, Bousquet C, Garcia S, Bidaut G, Vasseur S, Iovanna JL, Tomasini R. Stromal SLIT2 impacts on pancreatic cancer-associated neural remodeling. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1592. [PMID: 25590802 PMCID: PMC4669755 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a critical health issue in the field of cancer, with few therapeutic options. Evidence supports an implication of the intratumoral microenvironment (stroma) on PDA progression. However, its contribution to the role of neuroplastic changes within the pathophysiology and clinical course of PDA, through tumor recurrence and neuropathic pain, remains unknown, neglecting a putative, therapeutic window. Here, we report that the intratumoral microenvironment is a mediator of PDA-associated neural remodeling (PANR), and we highlight factors such as 'SLIT2' (an axon guidance molecule), which is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that impact on neuroplastic changes in human PDA. We showed that 'CAF-secreted SLIT2' increases neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia neurons as well as from Schwann cell migration/proliferation by modulating N-cadherin/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, SLIT2/ROBO signaling inhibition disrupts this stromal/neural connection. Finally, we revealed that SLIT2 expression and CAFs are correlated with neural remodeling within human and mouse PDA. All together, our data demonstrate the implication of CAFs, through the secretion of axon guidance molecule, in PANR. Furthermore, it provides rationale to investigate the disruption of the stromal/neural compartment connection with SLIT2/ROBO inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer recurrence and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Secq
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - J Leca
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - C Bressy
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - F Guillaumond
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - P Skrobuk
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - J Nigri
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - S Lac
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - M-N Lavaut
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - T-t Bui
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - A K Thakur
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - N Callizot
- Neuronexperts, Medical North Faculty, Marseille, France
| | | | - P Berthezene
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - N Dusetti
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - M Ouaissi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CRO2, UMR 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - V Moutardier
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - E Calvo
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec City, QCue, Canada
| | - C Bousquet
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S Garcia
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - G Bidaut
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - S Vasseur
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - J L Iovanna
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - R Tomasini
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
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Tokola H, Rysä J, Pikkarainen S, Hautala N, Leskinen H, Kerkelä R, Ilves M, Aro J, Vuolteenaho O, Ritvos O, Ruskoaho H. Bone morphogenetic protein-2--a potential autocrine/paracrine factor in mediating the stretch activated B-type and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in cardiac myocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:9-21. [PMID: 25218476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic overload exposes the heart to variety of neural, humoral and mechanical stresses. Even without the neurohumoral control of the entire organism cardiac myocytes have the ability to sense mechanical stretch and convert it into adaptive intracellular signals. This process is controlled by several growth factors. Here we show that mechanical stretch in vitro and hemodynamic overload in vivo activated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), while expression of BMP-4 was temporarily attenuated by stretch. BMP-2 and BMP-4 alone stimulated B-type and atrial natriuretic peptide (BNP and ANP) expression and protein synthesis, and activated transcription factor GATA-4 resembling the effects of mechanical stretch of cultured cardiac myocytes. Further, BMP antagonist Noggin was able to inhibit stretch and hypertrophic agonist induced BNP and ANP expression. Together these data provide evidence for BMP-2 as a new autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction and adaptation to increased mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 50, Oulu FI-90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
| | - Sampsa Pikkarainen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. BOX 340, Helsinki FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Nina Hautala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 21, Oulu FI-90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Hanna Leskinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Mika Ilves
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. BOX 56, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Lapi D, Federighi G, Fantozzi MP, del Seppia C, Ghione S, Colantuoni A, Scuri R. Trigeminocardiac reflex by mandibular extension on rat pial microcirculation: role of nitric oxide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115767. [PMID: 25551566 PMCID: PMC4281058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have extended our previous findings about the effects of 10 minutes of passive mandibular extension in anesthetized Wistar rats. By prolonging the observation time to 3 hours, we showed that 10 minutes mandibular extension caused a significant reduction of the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate respect to baseline values, which persisted up to 160 minutes after mandibular extension. These effects were accompanied by a characteristic biphasic response of pial arterioles: during mandibular extension, pial arterioles constricted and after mandibular extension dilated for the whole observation period. Interestingly, the administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone abolished the vasoconstriction observed during mandibular extension, while the administration of Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, abolished the vasodilation observed after mandibular extension. Either drug did not affect the reduction of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate induced by mandibular extension. By qRT-PCR, we also showed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene expression was significantly increased compared with baseline conditions during and after mandibular extension and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression markedly increased at 2 hours after mandibular extension. Finally, western blotting detected a significant increase in neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression. In conclusion mandibular extension caused complex effects on pial microcirculation involving opioid receptor activation and nitric oxide release by both neurons and endothelial vascular cells at different times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Paola Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghione
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio - Medical and Public Health Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Huang S, Ren Y, Wang P, Li Y, Wang X, Zhuang H, Fang R, Wang Y, Liu N, Hehir M, Zhou JX. Transcription Factor CREB is Involved in CaSR-mediated Cytoskeleton Gene Expression. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:501-12. [PMID: 25382680 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Huang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urologic Surgery; Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University; Ningbo 315000 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yanyuan Li
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou P.R.310003 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Haihui Zhuang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yuduo Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ningsheng Liu
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Michael Hehir
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Jeff X. Zhou
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
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137
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Different inhibitory effect and mechanism of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on normal cells and cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7134. [PMID: 25409543 PMCID: PMC4238015 DOI: 10.1038/srep07134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP), similar to inorganic phase in bones, shows good biocompatibility and bioactivity as bone defect repairing material. Recently, nanoscaled HAP shows the special properties differing from bulk HAP in physics, chemistry and biology. This paper demonstrates that HAP nanoparticle (nHAP) possesses the ability for inhibiting cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, after treatment with nHAP for 3 days, proliferation of human cancer cells are inhibited by more than 65% and by less than 30% for human normal cells. In vivo, injection of nHAP in transplanted tumor results in significant reduction (about 50%) of tumor size. The anticancer effect of nHAP is mainly attributed to high amount by endocytosis in cancer cells and inhibition on protein synthesis in cells. The abundant nHAP internalized in cancer cells around endoplasmic reticulum may inhibit the protein synthesis by decreasing the binding of mRNA to ribosome due to its high adsorption capacity for ribosome and arrest cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. nHAP shows no ROS-involved cytotoxicity and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. These results strongly suggest that nHAP can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and have a potential application in cancer treatment.
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138
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Dang N, Pang S, Song H, Bian H, Zhang X, An L, Ma X. Knockdown of filaggrin influences the epidermal terminal differentiation via MAPK pathway in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:337-43. [PMID: 25374427 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to gain further insight into the role of the MAPK signaling pathway in terminal differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) with filaggrin knockdown. Filaggrin expression was knocked down by shRNA technology and the MAPK pathways were inhibited by three different inhibitors in NHEKs. The associated mRNAs and proteins were investigated by RT-PCR and western blot. Filaggrin absence inhibited the expression of differentiation-associated proteins, and blocked the protein expression of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt and NF-κB. Moreover, inhibited p38 MAPK, instead of ERK1/2 or JNK, lead to decreases in the expressions of Akt, NF-κB, and differentiation- associated proteins. In conclusion, Filaggrin might affect the epidermal terminal differentiation mainly through the p38-MAPK, NF-κB and Akt pathways. ERK1/2 and JNK might also be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, Shandong Province, China,
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139
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Pickard JM, Maurice CF, Kinnebrew MA, Abt MC, Schenten D, Golovkina TV, Bogatyrev SR, Ismagilov RF, Pamer EG, Turnbaugh PJ, Chervonsky AV. Rapid fucosylation of intestinal epithelium sustains host-commensal symbiosis in sickness. Nature 2014; 514:638-41. [PMID: 25274297 PMCID: PMC4214913 DOI: 10.1038/nature13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic infection induces conserved physiological responses that include both resistance and 'tolerance of infection' mechanisms. Temporary anorexia associated with an infection is often beneficial, reallocating energy from food foraging towards resistance to infection or depriving pathogens of nutrients. However, it imposes a stress on intestinal commensals, as they also experience reduced substrate availability; this affects host fitness owing to the loss of caloric intake and colonization resistance (protection from additional infections). We hypothesized that the host might utilize internal resources to support the gut microbiota during the acute phase of the disease. Here we show that systemic exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands causes rapid α(1,2)-fucosylation of small intestine epithelial cells (IECs) in mice, which requires the sensing of TLR agonists, as well as the production of interleukin (IL)-23 by dendritic cells, activation of innate lymphoid cells and expression of fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) by IL-22-stimulated IECs. Fucosylated proteins are shed into the lumen and fucose is liberated and metabolized by the gut microbiota, as shown by reporter bacteria and community-wide analysis of microbial gene expression. Fucose affects the expression of microbial metabolic pathways and reduces the expression of bacterial virulence genes. It also improves host tolerance of the mild pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Thus, rapid IEC fucosylation appears to be a protective mechanism that utilizes the host's resources to maintain host-microbial interactions during pathogen-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Corinne F Maurice
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Michael C Abt
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Tatyana V Golovkina
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Said R Bogatyrev
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - Eric G Pamer
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander V Chervonsky
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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140
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Zhang D, Chen B, Zhou J, Zhou L, Li Q, Liu F, Chou KY, Tao L, Lu LM. Low concentrations of trichosanthin induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:349-56. [PMID: 25351837 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a type I ribosome--inactivating protein, which inhibits cell viability in human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) and AMC-HN-8 human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells. Although TCS is a potential chemotherapeutic agent, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In the present study, HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells were treated with different concentrations of TCS combined with or without cisplatin. After 5 days of successive treatment, different experimental groups were detected using a cell counting kit-8 and the collected supernatants were analyzed using a lactate dehydrogenase kit. Flow cytometric assays were performed to detect apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the levels of p27, p21WAF and western blot analysis was performed to detect changes in c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)/phosphorylated (phospho)-JNK, p38/phospho-p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/phospho-ERK, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cancer cells. TCS significantly inhibited the cell viability of the HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells, independently of necrosis. TCS induced apoptosis and increased the percentage of HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. In addition, the JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was activated by TCS in the HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells. Low concentrations of TCS also induced apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest in the HEp-2 and AMC-HN-8 cells. The antitumor effects of TCS may be associated with JNK/MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kuang-Yen Chou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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141
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Lichius A, Seidl-Seiboth V, Seiboth B, Kubicek CP. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics of the transcriptional regulators XYR1 and CRE1 under conditions of cellulase and xylanase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:1162-1178. [PMID: 25302561 PMCID: PMC4282317 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is a model for investigating the regulation of (hemi-)cellulase gene expression. Cellulases are formed adaptively, and the transcriptional activator XYR1 and the carbon catabolite repressor CRE1 are main regulators of their expression. We quantified the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics of GFP-fusion proteins of both transcription factors under cellulase and xylanase inducing conditions, and correlated their nuclear presence/absence with transcriptional changes. We also compared their subcellular localization in conidial germlings and mature hyphae. We show that cellulase gene expression requires de novo biosynthesis of XYR1 and its simultaneous nuclear import, whereas carbon catabolite repression is regulated through preformed CRE1 imported from the cytoplasmic pool. Termination of induction immediately stopped cellulase gene transcription and was accompanied by rapid nuclear degradation of XYR1. In contrast, nuclear CRE1 rapidly decreased upon glucose depletion, and became recycled into the cytoplasm. In mature hyphae, nuclei containing activated XYR1 were concentrated in the colony center, indicating that this is the main region of XYR1 synthesis and cellulase transcription. CRE1 was found to be evenly distributed throughout the entire mycelium. Taken together, our data revealed novel aspects of the dynamic shuttling and spatial bias of the major regulator of (hemi-)cellulase gene expression, XYR1, in T. reesei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lichius
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of TechnologyVienna, Austria
| | - Verena Seidl-Seiboth
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of TechnologyVienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of TechnologyVienna, Austria
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of TechnologyVienna, Austria
- Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyGraz, Austria
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142
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Garcia MN, Grasso D, Lopez-Millan MB, Hamidi T, Loncle C, Tomasini R, Lomberk G, Porteu F, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. IER3 supports KRASG12D-dependent pancreatic cancer development by sustaining ERK1/2 phosphorylation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4709-22. [PMID: 25250570 DOI: 10.1172/jci76037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene are prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously demonstrated that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) formation, which precedes malignant transformation, associates with the expression of immediate early response 3 (Ier3) as part of a prooncogenic transcriptional pathway. Here, we evaluated the role of IER3 in PanIN formation and PDAC development. In human pancreatic cancer cells, IER3 expression efficiently sustained ERK1/2 phosphorylation by inhibiting phosphatase PP2A activity. Moreover, IER3 enhanced KrasG12D-dependent oncogenesis in the pancreas, as both PanIN and PDAC development were delayed in IER3-deficient KrasG12D mice. IER3 expression was discrete in healthy acinar cells, becoming highly prominent in peritumoral acini, and particularly high in acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM) and PanIN lesions, where IER3 colocalized with phosphorylated ERK1/2. However, IER3 was absent in undifferentiated PDAC, which suggests that the IER3-dependent pathway is an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis. IER3 expression was induced by both mild and severe pancreatitis, which promoted PanIN formation and progression to PDAC in KrasG12D mice. In IER3-deficient mice, pancreatitis abolished KrasG12D-induced proliferation, which suggests that pancreatitis enhances the oncogenic effect of KRAS through induction of IER3 expression. Together, our data indicate that IER3 supports KRASG12D-associated oncogenesis in the pancreas by sustaining ERK1/2 phosphorylation via phosphatase PP2A inhibition.
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143
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Gilabert M, Calvo E, Airoldi A, Hamidi T, Moutardier V, Turrini O, Iovanna J. Pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia is Jak2-dependent in mice. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1437-43. [PMID: 24648112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia syndrome is observed in 80% of patients with advanced-stage cancer, and it is one of the most frequent causes of death. Severe wasting accounts for more than 80% in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Here we wanted to define, by using an microarray approach and the Pdx1-cre;LSL-Kras(G12D) ;INK4a/arf(fl/fl) mice model, the pathways involved in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue wasting. These mice, which develop systematically pancreatic cancer, successfully reproduced many human symptoms afflicted with this disease, and particularly cachexia. Using the profiling analysis of pancreatic cancer-dependent cachectic tissues we found that Jak2/Stat3 pathways, p53 and NFkB results activated. Thus, our interest was focused on the Jak2 pathways because it is pharmacologically targetable with low toxicity and FDA approved drugs are available. Therefore, Pdx1-cre;LSL-Kras(G12D) ;INK4a/arf(fl/fl) mice were treated with the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 compound daily starting at 7 weeks old and for a period of 3 weeks and animals were sacrificed at 10 weeks old. Body weight for control mice was 27.84 ± 2.14 g, for untreated Pdx1-cre;LSL-Kras(G12D) ;INK4a/arf(fl/fl) was 14.97 ± 1.99 g, whereas in animals treated with the AG490 compound the weight loss was significantly less to 24.53 ± 2.04 g. Treatment with AG490 compound was efficient since phosphorylation of Jak2 and circulating interleukin-6 (IL6) levels were significantly reduced in cachectic tissues and in mice respectively. In conclusion, we found that Jak2/Stat3-dependent intracellular pathway plays an essential role since its pharmacological inhibition strongly attenuates cachexia progression in a lethal transgenic pancreatic cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gilabert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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144
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Takekoshi S, Nagata H, Kitatani K. Stimulation of melanogenesis by nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in human melanoma cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:203-10. [PMID: 25861126 PMCID: PMC4387241 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lignan found in vegetables, fruits and legumin, has been shown to possess antineoplastic, antiviral and antioxidant characteristics. In this study, we examined the effect of NDGA on melanogenesis in human melanoma cells (HMVII). In vitro, NDGA does not alter mushroom tyrosinase activity. However, in NDGA-treated HMVII cells, cellular tyrosinase activity increased in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. The concomitant increases in melanin content in NDGA-treated cells indicated an elevation of melanin synthesis by tyrosinase activation. In addition, after a 7-day incubation, melanin content in 20 μM NDGA-treated cells increased 5.02 fold. Tyrosinase protein also increased by treatment with NDGA. Nevertheless, tyrosinase mRNA was not altered in NDGA-treated cells. Our results suggest that NDGA can increase tyrosinase activity and de novo synthesis of melanin in human melanoma cells. We found that NDGA is a novel potent stimulator of melanogenesis in human melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Hidetaka Nagata
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
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145
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Kumar S, Balamurali MM, Sankaran K. Bacterial lipid modification of proteins requires appropriate secretory signals even for expression - implications for biogenesis and protein engineering. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 31:183-94. [PMID: 25156679 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2014.943819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sec- and Tat-mediated bacterial lipid modification of proteins are important posttranslational processes owing to their vital roles in cellular functions, membrane targeting and biotechnological applications like ELISA, biosensor, adjuvant-free vaccines, liposomal drug delivery etc. However a better understanding of the tight coupling of secretory and lipid modification machineries and the processes associated will help unravel this essential biological event and utilize it for engineering applications. Further, there is a need for a systematic and convincing investigation into membrane targeting, solubilization and ease-of-purification of engineered lipoproteins to facilitate scientists in readily applying this new protein engineering tool. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated systematically recombinant expression, translocation, solubilization and purification of three White Spot Syndrome Viral (WSSV) proteins, ICP11, VP28 and VP281. Our study shows that the lipid modification and secretion processes are tightly coupled to the extent that mismatch between folding kinetics and signal sequence of target proteins could lead to transcriptional-translational uncoupling or aborted translation. The proteins expressed as lipoproteins through Tat-pathway were targeted to the inner membrane achieving considerable enrichment. These His-tagged proteins were then purified to apparent homogeneity in detergent-free form using single-step Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography. This study has interesting findings in lipoprotein biogenesis enhancing the scope of this unique post-translational protein engineering tool for obtaining pure detergent-free, membrane or hydrophobic surface-associating diagnostic targets and vaccine candidates for WSSV.
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146
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Azevedo-Pouly ACP, Elgamal OA, Schmittgen TD. RNA isolation from mouse pancreas: a ribonuclease-rich tissue. J Vis Exp 2014:e51779. [PMID: 25145327 DOI: 10.3791/51779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of high-quality RNA from ribonuclease-rich tissue such as mouse pancreas presents a challenge. As a primary function of the pancreas is to aid in digestion, mouse pancreas may contain as much a 75 mg of ribonuclease. We report modifications of standard phenol/guanidine thiocyanate lysis reagent protocols to isolate RNA from mouse pancreas. Guanidine thiocyanate is a strong protein denaturant and will effectively disrupt the activity of ribonuclease under most conditions. However, critical modifications to standard protocols are necessary to successfully isolate RNA from ribonuclease-rich tissues. Key steps include a high lysis reagent to tissue ratio, removal of undigested tissue prior to phase separation and inclusion of a ribonuclease inhibitor to the RNA solution. Using these and other modifications, we routinely isolate RNA with RNA Integrity Number (RIN) greater than 7. The isolated RNA is of suitable quality for routine gene expression analysis. Adaptation of this protocol to isolate RNA from ribonuclease rich tissues besides the pancreas should be readily achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola A Elgamal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University
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147
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Emadi S, Behzadi M. A comparative study on the aggregating effects of guanidine thiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride and urea on lysozyme aggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1339-44. [PMID: 25003319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation and its subsequent deposition in different tissues culminate in a diverse range of diseases collectively known as amyloidoses. Aggregation of hen or human lysozyme depends on certain conditions, namely acidic pH or the presence of additives. In the present study, the effects on the aggregation of hen egg-white lysozyme via incubation in concentrated solutions of three different chaotropic agents namely guanidine thiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride and urea were investigated. Here we used three different methods for the detection of the aggregates, thioflavin T fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Our results showed that upon incubation with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0M) of the chemical denaturants, lysozyme was aggregated at low concentrations of guanidine thiocyanate (1.0 and 2.0M) and at high concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (4 and 5M), although no fibril formation was detected. In the case of urea, no aggregation was observed at any concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Emadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute in Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Behzadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute in Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
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148
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Bidwell CA, Waddell JN, Taxis TM, Yu H, Tellam RL, Neary MK, Cockett NE. New insights into polar overdominance in callipyge sheep. Anim Genet 2014; 45 Suppl 1:51-61. [PMID: 24990181 DOI: 10.1111/age.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The callipyge phenotype in sheep involves substantial postnatal muscle hypertrophy and other changes to carcass composition. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted gene cluster alters gene expression of the paternal allele-specific protein-coding genes and several maternal allele-specific long noncoding RNA and microRNA when the mutation is inherited in cis. The inheritance pattern of the callipyge phenotype is polar overdominant because muscle hypertrophy only occurs in heterozygous animals that inherit a normal maternal allele and the callipyge SNP on the paternal allele (+/C). We examined the changes of gene expression of four major transcripts from the DLK1-DIO3 cluster and four myosin isoforms during the development of muscle hypertrophy in the semimembranosus as well as in the supraspinatus that does not undergo hypertrophy. The homozygous (C/C) animals had an intermediate gene expression pattern for the paternal allele-specific genes and two myosin isoforms, indicating a biological activity that was insufficient to change muscle mass. Transcriptome analysis was conducted by RNA sequencing in the four callipyge genotypes. The data show that homozygous animals (C/C) have lower levels of gene expression at many loci relative to the other three genotypes. A number of the downregulated genes are putative targets of the maternal allele-specific microRNA with gene ontology, indicating regulatory and cell signaling functions. These results suggest that the trans-effect of the maternal noncoding RNA and associated miRNA is to stabilize the expression of a number of regulatory genes at a functional, but low level to make the myofibers of homozygous (C/C) lambs less responsive to hypertrophic stimuli of the paternal allele-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bidwell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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149
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Tölli MA, Ferreira MPA, Kinnunen SM, Rysä J, Mäkilä EM, Szabó Z, Serpi RE, Ohukainen PJ, Välimäki MJ, Correia AMR, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Ruskoaho HJ, Santos HA. In vivo biocompatibility of porous silicon biomaterials for drug delivery to the heart. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8394-405. [PMID: 24985734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is the irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia, which is an increasing problem in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs worldwide. Along with the idea to develop nanocarriers that efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to target the heart, in this study, we aimed to test the in vivo biocompatibility of different sizes of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) microparticles and thermally oxidized porous silicon (TOPSi) micro and nanoparticles in the heart tissue. Despite the absence or low cytotoxicity, both particle types showed good in vivo biocompatibility, with no influence on hematological parameters and no considerable changes in cardiac function before and after MI. The local injection of THCPSi microparticles into the myocardium led to significant higher activation of inflammatory cytokine and fibrosis promoting genes compared to TOPSi micro and nanoparticles; however, both particles showed no significant effect on myocardial fibrosis at one week post-injection. Our results suggest that THCPSi and TOPSi micro and nanoparticles could be applied for cardiac delivery of therapeutic agents in the future, and the PSi biomaterials might serve as a promising platform for the specific treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja A Tölli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mónica P A Ferreira
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini M Kinnunen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ermei M Mäkilä
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa E Serpi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauli J Ohukainen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika J Välimäki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexandra M R Correia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno J Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni T Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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150
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Abstract
Although activation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are undoubtedly involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, it is unclear whether immune system activation is a primary or secondary event. Increasingly, published studies link primary metabolic stress to secondary inflammatory responses inside and outside of the nervous system. In this study, we show that the metabolic stress pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) leads to secondary activation of the immune system. First, we observe innate immune system activation in autopsy specimens from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) patients and mouse models stemming from PLP1 gene mutations. Second, missense mutations in mildly- and severely-affected Plp1-mutant mice exhibit immune-associated expression profiles with greater disease severity causing an increasingly proinflammatory environment. Third, and unexpectedly, we find little evidence for dysregulated expression of major antioxidant pathways, suggesting that the unfolded protein and oxidative stress responses are separable. Together, these data show that UPR activation can precede innate and/or adaptive immune system activation and that neuroinflammation can be titrated by metabolic stress in oligodendrocytes. Whether or not such activation leads to autoimmune disease in humans is unclear, but the case report of steroid-mitigated symptoms in a PMD patient initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis lends support.
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