101
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T Virtanen A, Haikarainen T, Raivola J, Silvennoinen O. Selective JAKinibs: Prospects in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. BioDrugs 2019; 33:15-32. [PMID: 30701418 PMCID: PMC6373396 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, many of which signal through the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) pathway, play a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently three JAK inhibitors have been approved for clinical use in USA and/or Europe: tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ulcerative colitis, baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis, and ruxolitinib for myeloproliferative neoplasms. The clinical JAK inhibitors target multiple JAKs at high potency and current research has focused on more selective JAK inhibitors, almost a dozen of which currently are being evaluated in clinical trials. In this narrative review, we summarize the status of the pan-JAK and selective JAK inhibitors approved or in clinical trials, and discuss the rationale for selective targeting of JAKs in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina T Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Teemu Haikarainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juuli Raivola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, (Viikinkaari 5), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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102
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Novel proteasome assembly chaperone mutations in PSMG2/PAC2 cause the autoinflammatory interferonopathy CANDLE/PRAAS4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1939-1943.e8. [PMID: 30664889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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103
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Zhang Z, Liu D, Zhang X, Wang X. Erythropoietin Treatment Ameliorates Lupus Nephritis of MRL/lpr Mice. Inflammation 2019; 41:1888-1899. [PMID: 29951872 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of data has shown that erythropoietin (EPO) plays multiple roles in inflammation control and immunoregulation. However, less attention has been given to its effects on lupus nephritis (LN). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of EPO on LN in MRL/lpr mice, a well-studied animal model for lupus. MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into an EPO and control group. Mice in the EPO group were treated with EPO; saline was given to the control group. Both groups were treated for 10 weeks. We analyzed the differences of general disease condition, histopathologic changes, Th lymphocytes subsets, and the expression of inflammatory factors of mice between the groups. Compared to the control group, mice in the EPO group showed less spleen hyperplasia, less urinary protein, and lower serum anti-dsDNA antibody; they also had lower renal histopathologic scores and less deposition of IgG/C3 within glomeruli. Moreover, Th1 and Th17 levels were decreased, while Th2 and Treg levels were increased in the spleen, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines decreased in both the spleen and kidneys. EPO increased Th2 and Treg lymphocytes, decreased Th1, Th17 lymphocytes in the spleen, and inhibited the inflammatory reactions in both the spleen and kidneys, thus ameliorating LN of MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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104
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Porat A, Giat E, Kowal C, He M, Son M, Latz E, Ben-Zvi I, Al-Abed Y, Diamond B. DNA-Mediated Interferon Signature Induction by SLE Serum Occurs in Monocytes Through Two Pathways: A Mechanism to Inhibit Both Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2824. [PMID: 30619247 PMCID: PMC6297782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary mechanism for activation of innate immunity is recognition of damage or pathogen associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Nucleic acid is a damage associated molecular pattern molecule that when internalized into a monocyte and recognized by intracellular nucleic acid sensing toll like receptors will cause production of type 1 interferon. The process by which DNA or RNA is delivered into the cytosol of monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus remains incompletely understood, and therapeutic approaches to prevent DNA-mediated monocyte activation are needed. We identified two mechanisms for internalization of DNA by monocytes. IgG-bound DNA was internalized by interacting with Fc gamma receptor IIa, while high-mobility group box-1 protein-bound DNA was internalized by interacting with the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Both pathways contribute to an inflammatory phenotype in monocytes exposed to serum from patients with SLE. Moreover, both of these pathways can be inhibited by a pentapeptide, DWEYS, which is a DNA mimetope. In one instance DWEYS directly competes with DNA for antibody binding and in the other DWEYS binds high-mobility group box-1 and blocks its interaction with RAGE. Our data highlight distinct pathways involved in nucleic acid enters monocytes in SLE, and identify a potential therapeutic to prevent nucleic acid internalization in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Porat
- Elmezzi Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Eitan Giat
- Elmezzi Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Mingzhu He
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Eicke Latz
- Biomedical Centre (BMZ), Institute of Innate Immunity, 1G007 University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilan Ben-Zvi
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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105
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in sequencing techniques and systematic cohort-analysis of patients with autoinflammatory phenotypes have enabled a burst in the recognition of new autoinflammatory diseases and contributed to the description of the mechanisms involved in autoinflammation. This review focuses on new genetic and mechanistic discoveries that have broadened the definition of autoinflammatory diseases in the context of the established landscape, providing new therapeutic opportunities and avenues for further discoveries. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanistic insights of inflammatory diseases open opportunities for new targeted therapies. Advances in high-throughput screening of small-molecule inhibitors accelerate the discovery of new and more specific therapeutic options. Recent evidence establishes IL-18 as a driver of macrophage activation, emerging as a new biomarker and therapeutic target. Finally, the identification of escape of nonsense-mediated decay as the genetic mechanism resulting in a monogenic immune-dysregulatory disease, unveils a possibility for future discoveries. SUMMARY Recent mechanistic findings in autoinflammatory diseases as well as the identification of specific biomarkers and discovery of new diseases, continue to pave the way for ever more specific targeted approaches. These therapies are not only applicable to monogenic autoinflammatory syndromes but also for other diseases in which the same pathways are dysregulated.
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106
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Cervantes-Luevano KE, Caronni N, Castiello MC, Fontana E, Piperno GM, Naseem A, Uva P, Bosticardo M, Marcovecchio GE, Notarangelo LD, Cicalese MP, Aiuti A, Villa A, Benvenuti F. Neutrophils drive type I interferon production and autoantibodies in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1605-1617.e4. [PMID: 29447842 PMCID: PMC6089666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in hematopoietic cells. A high proportion of patients experience autoimmunity caused by a breakdown in T- and B-cell tolerance. Moreover, excessive production of type I interferon (IFN-I) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) contributes to autoimmune signs; however, the factors that trigger excessive innate activation have not been defined. OBJECTIVE Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) emerged as major initiating factors in patients with diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study we explored the possible involvement of aberrant neutrophil functions in patients with WAS. METHODS We evaluated the expression of a set of granulocyte genes associated with NETs in a cohort of patients with WAS and the presence of NET inducers in sera. Using a mouse model of WAS, we analyzed NET release by WASp-null neutrophils and evaluated the composition and homeostasis of neutrophils in vivo. By using depletion experiments, we assessed the effect of neutrophils in promoting inflammation and reactivity against autoantigens. RESULTS Transcripts of genes encoding neutrophil enzymes and antimicrobial peptides were increased in granulocytes of patients with WAS, and serum-soluble factors triggered NET release. WASp-null neutrophils showed increased spontaneous NETosis, induced IFN-I production by pDCs, and activated B cells through B-cell activating factor. Consistently, their depletion abolished constitutive pDC activation, normalized circulating IFN-I levels, and, importantly, abolished production of autoantibodies directed against double-stranded DNA, nucleosomes, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that neutrophils are involved in the pathogenic loop that causes excessive activation of innate cells and autoreactive B cells, thus identifying novel mechanisms that contribute to the autoimmunity of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Caronni
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria C Castiello
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia M Piperno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Asma Naseem
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Pula, Italy
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Genni E Marcovecchio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Maria P Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy and the Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy and the Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
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107
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Joseph S, George NI, Green-Knox B, Treadwell EL, Word B, Yim S, Lyn-Cook B. Epigenome-wide association study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Identifying DNA methylation signatures associated with interferon-related genes based on ethnicity and SLEDAI. J Autoimmun 2018; 96:147-157. [PMID: 30301579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of multiple organs and the production of antinuclear antibodies. DNA methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus. We have performed an epigenome-wide DNA methylation study in lupus and healthy control (non-lupus) subjects to identify epigenetic patterns in lupus characterized ethnicity and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). A total of fifty-seven lupus patients (39 African American (AA) and 18 European American (EA)) and 33 healthy controls (17 AA and 16 EA) were studied. Differential DNA methylation between lupus patients and controls was assessed for approximately 485,000 CpG sites across the genome. We identified 41 differentially methylated sites (associated with 30 genes) between lupus and control s subjects, 85% of which were hypomethylated. Significant hypomethylation of differentially methylated sites was associated with several interferon-related genes, including MX1, IFI44L, PARP9, DT3XL, IFIT1, IFI44, RSAD2, PLSCR1, and IRF7. Several of these associated genes were also hypomethylated in comparisons between AA lupus and AA non-lupus subjects and between lupus patients with SLEDAI>6 and non-lupus subjects. Our analysis of gene expression data through RT-PCR confirmed these findings. Thus, the results indicate epigenetics susceptibility in lupus, which may be associated with SLEDAI score and ethnicity. In addition, our findings support the importance of the Type 1 interferon pathway in lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stancy Joseph
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Bridgett Green-Knox
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Beverly Word
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Yim
- Center for Drug Evaluation, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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108
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Bodewes ILA, Versnel MA. Interferon activation in primary Sjögren's syndrome: recent insights and future perspective as novel treatment target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:817-829. [PMID: 30173581 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1519396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases. At the moment, there is no cure for this disease and its etiopathology is complex. Interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease and are a potential treatment target. Areas covered: Here we discuss the role of IFNs in pSS pathogenesis, complications encountered upon studying IFN-induced gene expression, and comment on the current knowledge on easy clinical applicable 'IFN signatures'. The current treatment options targeting IFNs in pSS are summarized and the perspective of potential new strategies discussed. Expert commentary: The authors provide their perspective on the role of IFNs in pSS and how this knowledge could be used to improve pSS diagnosis, provide new treatment targets, to monitor clinical trials and to stratify pSS patients in order to move toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- a Department of Immunology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- a Department of Immunology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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109
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Piper CJM, Wilkinson MGL, Deakin CT, Otto GW, Dowle S, Duurland CL, Adams S, Marasco E, Rosser EC, Radziszewska A, Carsetti R, Ioannou Y, Beales PL, Kelberman D, Isenberg DA, Mauri C, Nistala K, Wedderburn LR. CD19 +CD24 hiCD38 hi B Cells Are Expanded in Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Exhibit a Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype After Activation Through Toll-Like Receptor 7 and Interferon-α. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1372. [PMID: 29988398 PMCID: PMC6024011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare form of childhood autoimmune myositis that presents with proximal muscle weakness and skin rash. B cells are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to investigate mechanisms driving B cell lymphocytosis and define pathological features of B cells in JDM patients. Patients were recruited through the UK JDM Cohort and Biomarker study. Peripheral blood B cell subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. The results identified that immature transitional B cells were significantly expanded in active JDM, actively dividing, and correlated positively with disease activity. Protein and RNAseq analysis revealed high interferon alpha (IFNα) and TLR7-pathway signatures pre-treatment. Stimulation of B cells through TLR7/8 promoted both IL-10 and IL-6 production in controls but failed to induce IL-10 in JDM patient cells. Interrogation of the CD40–CD40L pathway (known to induce B cell IL-10 and IL-6) revealed similar expression of IL-10 and IL-6 in B cells cultured with CD40L from both JDM patients and controls. In conclusion, JDM patients with active disease have a significantly expanded immature transitional B cell population which correlated with the type I IFN signature. Activation through TLR7 and IFNα may drive the expansion of immature transitional B cells in JDM and skew the cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredyth G Ll Wilkinson
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire T Deakin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg W Otto
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Experimental and Personalised Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Dowle
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Experimental and Personalised Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal L Duurland
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Adams
- Haematology, Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (SIHMDS), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Marasco
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yiannis Ioannou
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L Beales
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Experimental and Personalised Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kelberman
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Experimental and Personalised Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Nistala
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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110
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Davies R, Hammenfors D, Bergum B, Vogelsang P, Gavasso S, Brun JG, Jonsson R, Appel S. Aberrant cell signalling in PBMCs upon IFN-α stimulation in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients associates with type I interferon signature. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1217-1227. [PMID: 29604049 PMCID: PMC6585835 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous disease manifestations. Genetic predisposition, hormonal and environmental factors are all thought to contribute to disease etiology and pathogenesis. A better understanding of the disease pathogenesis is required in order to establish new targeted therapies. We analysed MAPK/ERK and JAK/STAT signalling networks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation with interferon alpha 2b (IFN‐α2b) by flow cytometry to define potentially dysfunctional intracellular signalling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Cells derived from pSS patients displayed small but significant increases in basal phosphorylation levels of numerous signalling proteins compared to cells from healthy donors. The phosphorylation profiles following stimulation with IFNα2b differed significantly between pSS patients and healthy donors, especially regarding STAT1 Y701. PCA further grouped patients according to clinical characteristics. Type I IFN induced gene expression was found to negatively correlate with the IFN‐α2b induced phosphorylation of STAT3 S727 in T cells and positively with pSTAT1 Y701 in B cells. Increases in pSTAT1 Y701 were associated with the presence of autoantibodies. Our results indicate involvement of both STAT3 S727 and STAT1 Y701 pathways in pSS patients. Therapies targeting these pathways might therefore be beneficial for certain subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Davies
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Hammenfors
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brith Bergum
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan G Brun
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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111
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Fear VS, Poh WP, Gorman S, Waithman JC, Fear MW. IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:841-851. [PMID: 29611236 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the Australian population for which medical treatment is solely aimed at relief of symptoms rather than prevention of disease. Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrates a strong link between viral respiratory infections, atopy and the development of asthma. Type I IFNs include IFNα and IFNβ, with subtype expression tailored toward the specific viral infection. We hypothesized that exposure to type I IFNs and allergen may interfere with the healthy response to innocuous airway antigen exposure. In this study, we use an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c model of experimental allergic airways disease, where pre-exposure of the airways to OVA is protective against allergen sensitization, leading to allergen tolerance. We investigated airways pre-exposure with OVA and type I IFNs on development of allergic airways disease. We demonstrate restoration of allergic airways disease on pre-exposure with allergen and IFNβ, and not IFNα. Dysfunction in tolerance led to changes in dendritic cell antigen capture/traffic, T-cell and B-cell responses. Furthermore, exposure to IFNβ with ongoing allergen exposure led to the development of hallmark asthma features, including OVA-specific IgE and airways eosinophilia. Data indicate a role for IFNβ in linking viral infection and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Fear
- Tumour Immunology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Peng Poh
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jason C Waithman
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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112
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Parisien JP, Lenoir JJ, Mandhana R, Rodriguez KR, Qian K, Bruns AM, Horvath CM. RNA sensor LGP2 inhibits TRAF ubiquitin ligase to negatively regulate innate immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745176. [PMID: 29661858 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of type I interferon (IFN) is essential for cellular barrier functions and innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. In response to virus infections, RNA receptors RIG-I and MDA5 stimulate a mitochondria-localized signaling apparatus that uses TRAF family ubiquitin ligase proteins to activate master transcription regulators IRF3 and NFκB, driving IFN and antiviral target gene expression. Data indicate that a third RNA receptor, LGP2, acts as a negative regulator of antiviral signaling by interfering with TRAF family proteins. Disruption of LGP2 expression in cells results in earlier and overactive transcriptional responses to virus or dsRNA LGP2 associates with the C-terminus of TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, and TRAF6 and interferes with TRAF ubiquitin ligase activity. TRAF interference is independent of LGP2 ATP hydrolysis, RNA binding, or its C-terminal domain, and LGP2 can regulate TRAF-mediated signaling pathways in trans, including IL-1β, TNFα, and cGAMP These findings provide a unique mechanism for LGP2 negative regulation through TRAF suppression and extend the potential impact of LGP2 negative regulation beyond the IFN antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica J Lenoir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Roli Mandhana
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kenny R Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kenin Qian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Annie M Bruns
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Curt M Horvath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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113
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Type I interferons promote the survival and proinflammatory properties of transitional B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:367-379. [PMID: 29563616 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the breaking of B-cell tolerance with the generation of high-affinity autoantibodies; however, the antibody-independent features of the B-cell compartment in SLE are less understood. In this study, we performed an extensive examination of B-cell subsets and their proinflammatory properties in a Chinese cohort of new-onset SLE patients. We observed that SLE patients exhibited an increased frequency of transitional B cells compared with healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Plasma from SLE patients potently promoted the survival of transitional B cells in a type I IFN-dependent manner, which can be recapitulated by direct IFN-α treatment. Furthermore, the effect of IFN-α on enhanced survival of transitional B cells was associated with NF-κB pathway activation and reduced expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax. Transitional B cells from SLE patients harbored a higher capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, which was also linked to the overactivated type I IFN pathway. In addition, the frequency of IL-6-producing transitional B cells was positively correlated with disease activity in SLE patients, and these cells were significantly reduced after short-term standard therapies. Thus, the current study provides a direct link between type I IFN pathway overactivation and the abnormally high frequency and proinflammatory properties of transitional B cells in active SLE patients, which contributes to the understanding of the roles of type I IFNs and B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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114
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Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to establish an effective humoral immune response. Tight regulation of GC responses is critical for maintaining self-tolerance. GCs can arise in the absence of purposeful immunization or overt infection (called spontaneous GCs, Spt-GCs). In autoimmune-prone mice and patients with autoimmune disease, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs is thought to promote the development of somatically mutated pathogenic autoantibodies and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. The mechanisms that control the formation of Spt-GCs and promote systemic autoimmune diseases remain an open question and the focus of ongoing studies. Here, we discuss the most current studies on the role of Spt-GCs in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
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115
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Pollard KM, Escalante GM, Huang H, Haraldsson KM, Hultman P, Christy JM, Pawar RD, Mayeux JM, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Baccala R, Beutler B, Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH. Induction of Systemic Autoimmunity by a Xenobiotic Requires Endosomal TLR Trafficking and Signaling from the Late Endosome and Endolysosome but Not Type I IFN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3739-3747. [PMID: 29055005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFN and nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are both strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus, with most patients expressing IFN-induced genes in peripheral blood cells and with TLRs promoting type I IFNs and autoreactive B cells. About a third of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, however, lack the IFN signature, suggesting the possibility of type I IFN-independent mechanisms. In this study, we examined the role of type I IFN and TLR trafficking and signaling in xenobiotic systemic mercury-induced autoimmunity (HgIA). Strikingly, autoantibody production in HgIA was not dependent on the type I IFN receptor even in NZB mice that require type I IFN signaling for spontaneous disease, but was dependent on the endosomal TLR transporter UNC93B1 and the endosomal proton transporter, solute carrier family 15, member 4. HgIA also required the adaptor protein-3 complex, which transports TLRs from the early endosome to the late endolysosomal compartments. Examination of TLR signaling pathways implicated the canonical NF-κB pathway and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in autoantibody production, but not IFN regulatory factor 7. These findings identify HgIA as a novel type I IFN-independent model of systemic autoimmunity and implicate TLR-mediated NF-κB proinflammatory signaling from the late endocytic pathway compartments in autoantibody generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Gabriela M Escalante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Katarina M Haraldsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Per Hultman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden; and
| | - Joseph M Christy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rahul D Pawar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jessica M Mayeux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Roberto Baccala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Dwight H Kono
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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116
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Ren J, Liao X, Vieson MD, Chen M, Scott R, Kazmierczak J, Luo XM, Reilly CM. Selective HDAC6 inhibition decreases early stage of lupus nephritis by down-regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:19-31. [PMID: 28876451 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that histone deacetylase (HDAC6) expression is increased in animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that inhibition of HDAC6 decreased disease. In our current studies, we tested if an orally active selective HDAC6 inhibitor would decrease disease pathogenesis in a lupus mouse model with established early disease. Additionally, we sought to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) of action of a selective HDAC6 inhibitor in SLE. We treated 20-week-old (early-disease) New Zealand Black (NZB)/White F1 female mice with two different doses of the selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ACY-738) for 5 weeks. As the mice aged, we determined autoantibody production and cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and renal function by measuring proteinuria. At the termination of the study, we performed a comprehensive analysis on B cells, T cells and innate immune cells using flow cytometry and examined renal tissue for immune-mediated pathogenesis using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed a reduced germinal centre B cell response, decreased T follicular helper cells and diminished interferon (IFN)-γ production from T helper cells in splenic tissue. Additionally, we found the IFN-α-producing ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells was decreased along with immunoglobulin isotype switching and the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies. Renal tissue showed decreased immunoglobulin deposition and reduced inflammation as judged by glomerular and interstitial inflammation. Taken together, these studies show selective HDAC6 inhibition decreased several parameters of disease pathogenesis in lupus-prone mice. The decrease was due in part to inhibition of B cell development and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - X Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M D Vieson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - R Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J Kazmierczak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - X M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C M Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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117
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Brauner S, Folkersen L, Kvarnström M, Meisgen S, Petersen S, Franzén-Malmros M, Mofors J, Brokstad KA, Klareskog L, Jonsson R, Westerberg LS, Trollmo C, Malmström V, Ambrosi A, Kuchroo VK, Nordmark G, Wahren-Herlenius M. H1N1 vaccination in Sjögren's syndrome triggers polyclonal B cell activation and promotes autoantibody production. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1755-1763. [PMID: 28760805 PMCID: PMC5629946 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccination of patients with rheumatic disease has been reported to result in lower antibody titres than in healthy individuals. However, studies primarily include patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we investigated the immune response of treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) to an H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS Patients with Sjögren's syndrome without immunomodulatory treatment and age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were immunised with an H1N1 influenza vaccine and monitored for serological and cellular immune responses. Clinical symptoms were monitored with a standardised form. IgG class switch and plasma cell differentiation were induced in vitro in purified naïve B cells of untreated and hydroxychloroquine-treated patients and healthy controls. Gene expression was assessed by NanoString technology. RESULTS Surprisingly, treatment-naïve patients with Sjögren's syndrome developed higher H1N1 IgG titres of greater avidity than healthy controls on vaccination. Notably, off-target B cells were also triggered resulting in increased anti-EBV and autoantibody titres. Endosomal toll-like receptor activation of naïve B cells in vitro revealed a greater propensity of patient-derived cells to differentiate into plasmablasts and higher production of class switched IgG. The amplified plasma cell differentiation and class switch could be induced in cells from healthy donors by preincubation with type 1 interferon, but was abolished in hydroxychloroquine-treated patients and after in vitro exposure of naïve B cells to chloroquine. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis of the immune response in autoimmune patients to exogenous stimulation identifies a mechanistic basis for the B cell hyperactivity in Sjögren's syndrome, and suggests that caution is warranted when considering vaccination in non-treated autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Brauner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Meisgen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Petersen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela Franzén-Malmros
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Mofors
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl A Brokstad
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Trollmo
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelie Ambrosi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hosptial, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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118
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Nakayama Y, Kosek J, Capone L, Hur EM, Schafer PH, Ringheim GE. Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2388-2407. [PMID: 28848067 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27+ memory and memory-like CD27-IgD- double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27-IgD+ naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27+ memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakayama
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Jolanta Kosek
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Lori Capone
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Eun Mi Hur
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Peter H Schafer
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Garth E Ringheim
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
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119
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Ganguly D. Do Type I Interferons Link Systemic Autoimmunities and Metabolic Syndrome in a Pathogenetic Continuum? Trends Immunol 2017; 39:28-43. [PMID: 28826817 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The central pathogenetic role of type I interferons (IFNs) in several systemic autoimmune diseases is well established. Recent studies have also discovered a similar crucial role of type I IFNs in different components of metabolic disorders. Self nucleic acid-driven Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and type I IFN induction appear to be the key initiating events shared by most of these autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Further strengthening this link, many patients with systemic autoimmunities also present with metabolic disorders. This concurrence of autoimmunities and metabolic disorders may be explained by a single pathogenetic continuum, and suggests shared targets for potential new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipyaman Ganguly
- Dendritic Cell Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB)-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CN6 Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India; Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), CN6 Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
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120
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Blank T, Prinz M. Type I interferon pathway in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders. Glia 2017; 65:1397-1406. [PMID: 28519900 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α and IFN-β, represent the major effector cytokines of the host immune response against viruses and other intracellular pathogens. These cytokines are produced via activation of numerous pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptor signaling network, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA-5) and interferon gamma-inducible protein-16 (IFI-16). Whilst the contribution of type I IFNs to peripheral immunity is well documented, they can also be produced by almost every cell in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, IFNs can reach the CNS from the periphery to modulate the function of not only microglia and astrocytes, but also neurons and oligodendrocytes, with major consequences for cognition and behavior. Given the pleiotropic nature of type I IFNs, it is critical to determine their exact cellular impact. Inappropriate upregulation of type I IFN signaling and interferon-stimulated gene expression have been linked to several CNS diseases termed "interferonopathies" including Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18)-deficiency. In contrast, in the CNS of mice with virus-induced neuroinflammation, type I IFNs can limit production of other cytokines to prevent potential damage associated with chronic cytokine expression. This capacity of type I IFNs could also explain the therapeutic benefits of exogenous type I IFN in chronic CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this review we will highlight the importance of a well-balanced level of type I IFNs for healthy brain physiology, and to what extent dysregulation of this cytokine system can result in brain 'interferonopathies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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121
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Banchereau R, Cepika AM, Banchereau J, Pascual V. Understanding Human Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation Through Transcriptomics. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:337-370. [PMID: 28142321 PMCID: PMC5937945 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics, the high-throughput characterization of RNAs, has been instrumental in defining pathogenic signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. It enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets in IFN-, IL-1- and IL-17-mediated diseases. Applied to immunomonitoring, transcriptomics is starting to unravel diagnostic and prognostic signatures that stratify patients, track molecular changes associated with disease activity, define personalized treatment strategies, and generally inform clinical practice. Herein, we review the use of transcriptomics to define mechanistic, diagnostic, and predictive signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. We discuss some of the analytical approaches applied to extract biological knowledge from high-dimensional data sets. Finally, we touch upon emerging applications of transcriptomics to study eQTLs, B and T cell repertoire diversity, and isoform usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030;
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204; , ,
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122
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Tursi SA, Lee EY, Medeiros NJ, Lee MH, Nicastro LK, Buttaro B, Gallucci S, Wilson RP, Wong GCL, Tükel Ç. Bacterial amyloid curli acts as a carrier for DNA to elicit an autoimmune response via TLR2 and TLR9. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006315. [PMID: 28410407 PMCID: PMC5406031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are associated with numerous human infections. The predominant protein expressed in enteric biofilms is the amyloid curli, which forms highly immunogenic complexes with DNA. Infection with curli-expressing bacteria or systemic exposure to purified curli-DNA complexes triggers autoimmunity via the generation of type I interferons (IFNs) and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. Here, we show that DNA complexed with amyloid curli powerfully stimulates Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) through a two-step mechanism. First, the cross beta-sheet structure of curli is bound by cell-surface Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), enabling internalization of the complex into endosomes. After internalization, the curli-DNA immune complex binds strongly to endosomal TLR9, inducing production of type I IFNs. Analysis of wild-type and TLR2-deficient macrophages showed that TLR2 is the major receptor that drives the internalization of curli-DNA complexes. Suppression of TLR2 internalization via endocytosis inhibitors led to a significant decrease in Ifnβ expression. Confocal microscopy analysis confirmed that the TLR2-bound curli was required for shuttling of DNA to endosomal TLR9. Structural analysis using small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that incorporation of DNA into curli fibrils resulted in the formation of ordered curli-DNA immune complexes. Curli organizes parallel, double-stranded DNA rods at an inter-DNA spacing that matches up well with the steric size of TLR9. We also found that production of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies in response to curli-DNA was attenuated in TLR2- and TLR9-deficient mice and in mice deficient in both TLR2 and TLR9 compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that both innate immune receptors are critical for shaping the autoimmune adaptive immune response. We also detected significantly lower levels of interferon-stimulated gene expression in response to purified curli-DNA in TLR2 and TLR9 deficient mice compared to wild-type mice, confirming that TLR2 and TLR9 are required for the induction of type I IFNs. Finally, we showed that curli-DNA complexes, but not cellulose, were responsible elicitation of the immune responses to bacterial biofilms. This study defines the series of events that lead to the severe pro-autoimmune effects of amyloid-expressing bacteria and suggest a mechanism by which amyloid curli acts as a carrier to break immune tolerance to DNA, leading to the activation of TLR9, production of type I IFNs, and subsequent production of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Tursi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole J. Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren K. Nicastro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bettina Buttaro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ronald Paul Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CT); (GCLW)
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CT); (GCLW)
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123
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Rawlings DJ, Metzler G, Wray-Dutra M, Jackson SW. Altered B cell signalling in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:421-436. [PMID: 28393923 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has provided new insights into how altered B cell-intrinsic signals - through the B cell receptor (BCR) and key co-receptors - function together to promote the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. These combined signals affect B cells at two distinct stages: first, in the selection of the naive repertoire; and second, during extrafollicular or germinal centre activation responses. Thus, dysregulated signalling can lead to both an altered naive BCR repertoire and the generation of autoantibody-producing B cells. Strikingly, high-affinity autoantibodies predate and predict disease in several autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus. This Review summarizes how, rather than being a downstream consequence of autoreactive T cell activation, dysregulated B cell signalling can function as a primary driver of many human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Genita Metzler
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Wray-Dutra
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Abstract
Self-reactive B cells are tolerized at various stages of B-cell development and differentiation, including the immature B-cell stage (central tolerance) and the germinal center (GC) B-cell stage, and B-cell tolerance involves various mechanisms such as deletion, anergy, and receptor editing. Self-reactive B cells generated by random immunoglobulin variable gene rearrangements are tolerized by central tolerance and anergy in the periphery, and these processes involve apoptosis regulated by Bim, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, and regulation of B-cell signaling by various phosphatases, including SHIP-1 and SHP-1. Self-reactive B cells generated by somatic mutations during GC reaction are also eliminated. Fas is not directly involved in this process but prevents persistence of GC reaction that allows generation of less stringently regulated B cells, including self-reactive B cells. Defects in self-tolerance preferentially cause lupus-like disease with production of anti-nuclear antibodies, probably due to the presence of a large potential B-cell repertoire reactive to nucleic acids and the presence of nucleic acid-induced activation mechanisms in various immune cells, including B cells and dendritic cells. A feed-forward loop composed of anti-nuclear antibodies produced by B cells and type 1 interferons secreted from nucleic acid-activated dendritic cells plays a crucial role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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125
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Cui JH, Xie X. UCH-L1 Expressed by Podocytes: a Potentially Therapeutic Target for Lupus Nephritis? Inflammation 2017; 40:657-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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126
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Azizi G, Pouyani MR, Abolhassani H, Sharifi L, dizaji MZ, Mohammadi J, Mirshafiey A, Aghamohammadi A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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127
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Joshua V, Schobers L, Titcombe PJ, Israelsson L, Rönnelid J, Hansson M, Catrina AI, Pruijn GJM, Malmström V. Antibody responses to de novo identified citrullinated fibrinogen peptides in rheumatoid arthritis and visualization of the corresponding B cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:284. [PMID: 27906052 PMCID: PMC5133744 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA can appear before disease onset and target many self-antigens. Citrullinated fibrin/fibrinogen represents a classical ACPA target antigen, and mass spectrometry of RA synovial fluid reveals elevated citrullinated (cit) fibrinogen (Fib) peptides compared to non-RA controls. We investigated the extent to which these less-studied peptides represent autoantibody targets and sought to visualize the corresponding cit-Fib-reactive B cells in RA patients. METHODS An in-house ELISA was established against four cit-Fib α-subunit peptides (cit-Fib α-35; cit-Fib α-216,218; cit-Fib α-263,271 and cit-Fib α-425,426) and serum from patients with established RA (n = 347) and disease controls with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 236) were analyzed. RA patients were genotyped for HLA-DR alleles, PTPN22 R620W and screened for anti-CCP2 and cit-Fib protein antibodies. The cit-Fib peptides were also used to assemble antigen tetramers to identify cit-Fib-reactive B cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequencies of autoantibodies against different cit-Fib epitopes in RA patients compared to PsA/AS patients were: cit-Fib α-35 (RA 20%, vs PsA/AS 1%); cit-Fib α-216,218 (13% vs 0.5%); cit-Fib α-263,271 (21% vs 0.5%) and cit-Fib α-425,426 (17% vs 1%). The presence of autoantibodies against these peptides was associated with presence of anti-CCP2 and anti-cit-Fib protein antibodies. No association was found between HLA-DR shared epitope and antibodies to the different cit-Fib peptides. However, association was observed between the PTPN22 risk allele and positivity to cit-Fib α-35 and cit-Fib α-263,271. B cells carrying surface Ig reactive to these cit-Fib peptides were found in RA peripheral blood and these tend to be more common in PTPN22 risk allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that several cit-Fib peptides are targeted by autoantibodies in RA, but not in PsA/AS, implicating that these are not due to arthritis but more specific for RA etiology. The RA-associated anti-cit protein response is broad with many parallel immune responses. The association between cit-Fib autoantibodies and the PTPN22 R620W risk allele supports the hypothesis of altered B cell regulation, such as autoreactive B cells evading tolerance checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loes Schobers
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Philip J Titcombe
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Munroe ME, Lu R, Zhao YD, Fife DA, Robertson JM, Guthridge JM, Niewold TB, Tsokos GC, Keith MP, Harley JB, James JA. Altered type II interferon precedes autoantibody accrual and elevated type I interferon activity prior to systemic lupus erythematosus classification. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2014-2021. [PMID: 27088255 PMCID: PMC4959992 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship of immune dysregulation and autoantibody production that may contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis is unknown. This study evaluates the individual and combined contributions of autoantibodies, type I interferon (IFN-α) activity, and IFN-associated soluble mediators to disease development leading to SLE. METHODS Serial serum specimens from 55 individuals collected prior to SLE classification (average timespan=4.3 years) and unaffected healthy controls matched by age (±5 years), gender, race and time of sample procurement were obtained from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Levels of serum IFN-α activity, IFN-associated mediators and autoantibodies were evaluated and temporal relationships assessed by growth curve modelling, path analysis, analysis of covariance and random forest models. RESULTS In cases, but not matched controls, autoantibody specificities and IFN-associated mediators accumulated over a period of years, plateauing near the time of disease classification (p<0.001). Autoantibody positivity coincided with or followed type II IFN dysregulation, preceding IFN-α activity in growth curve models, with elevated IFN-α activity and B-lymphocyte stimulator levels occurring shortly before SLE classification (p≤0.005). Cases were distinguished by multivariate random forest models incorporating IFN-γ, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3, anti-chromatin and anti-spliceosome antibodies (accuracy 93% >4 years pre-classification; 97% within 2 years of SLE classification). CONCLUSIONS Years before SLE classification, enhancement of the type II IFN pathway allows for accumulation of autoantibodies and subsequent elevations in IFN-α activity immediately preceding SLE classification. Perturbations in select immunological processes may help identify at-risk individuals for further clinical evaluation or participation in prospective intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dustin A. Fife
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie M. Robertson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P. Keith
- Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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129
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Insights from Mendelian Interferonopathies: Comparison of CANDLE, SAVI with AGS, Monogenic Lupus. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1111-1127. [PMID: 27678529 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disorders are sterile inflammatory conditions characterized by episodes of early-onset fever and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. Recently, the discoveries of monogenic disorders with strong type I interferon (IFN) signatures caused by mutations in proteasome degradation and cytoplasmic RNA and DNA sensing pathways suggest a pathogenic role of IFNs in causing autoinflammatory phenotypes. The IFN response gene signature (IGS) has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we compare the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of two IFN-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, CANDLE and SAVI, with Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS) and monogenic forms of SLE (monoSLE) caused by loss-of-function mutations in complement 1 (C1q) or the DNA nucleases, DNASE1 and DNASE1L3. We outline differences in intracellular signaling pathways that fuel a pathologic type I IFN amplification cycle. While IFN amplification is caused by predominantly innate immune cell dysfunction in SAVI, CANDLE, and AGS, autoantibodies to modified RNA and DNA antigens interact with tissues and immune cells including neutrophils and contribute to IFN upregulation in some SLE patients including monoSLE, thus justifying a grouping of "autoinflammatory" and "autoimmune" interferonopathies. Understanding of the differences in the cellular sources and signaling pathways will guide new drug development and the use of emerging targeted therapies.
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130
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Azizi G, Abolhassani H, Asgardoon MH, Alinia T, Yazdani R, Mohammadi J, Rezaei N, Ochs HD, Aghamohammadi A. Autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 13:101-115. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1224664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hosein Asgardoon
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Student Society for Immunodeficiencies, Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Alinia
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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131
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Ducreux J, Houssiau FA, Vandepapelière P, Jorgensen C, Lazaro E, Spertini F, Colaone F, Roucairol C, Laborie M, Croughs T, Grouard-Vogel G, Lauwerys BR. Interferon α kinoid induces neutralizing anti-interferon α antibodies that decrease the expression of interferon-induced and B cell activation associated transcripts: analysis of extended follow-up data from the interferon α kinoid phase I/II study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1901-5. [PMID: 27354683 PMCID: PMC5034220 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IFN α Kinoid (IFN-K) is a therapeutic vaccine composed of IFNα2b coupled to a carrier protein. In a phase I/II placebo-controlled trial, we observed that IFN-K significantly decreases the IFN gene signature in whole blood RNA samples from SLE patients. Here, we analysed extended follow-up data from IFN-K-treated patients, in order to evaluate persistence of neutralizing anti-IFNα Abs antibodies (Abs), and gene expression profiling. METHODS Serum and whole blood RNA samples were obtained in IFN-K-treated patients included in the follow-up study, in order to determine binding and neutralizing anti-IFNα Ab titres, and perform high-throughput transcriptomic studies. RESULTS Neutralization studies of 13 IFNα subtypes demonstrated the polyclonal nature of the Ab response induced by IFN-K. Follow-up analyses in six patients confirmed a significant correlation between neutralizing anti-IFNα Ab titres and decrease in IFN scores compared to baseline. These analyses also revealed an inhibitory effect of IFNα blockade on the expression of B cell associated transcripts. CONCLUSIONS IFN-K induces a polyclonal anti-IFNα response that decreases IFN- and B cell-associated transcripts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01058343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ducreux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales inflammatoires et systémiques, Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales inflammatoires et systémiques, Université catholique de Louvain Département de Rhumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Jorgensen
- Clinical Immunology and Therapeutic of Osteoarticular Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Haut Levêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales inflammatoires et systémiques, Université catholique de Louvain Département de Rhumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Wu YY, Kumar R, Iida R, Bagavant H, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. BANK1 Regulates IgG Production in a Lupus Model by Controlling TLR7-Dependent STAT1 Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156302. [PMID: 27228057 PMCID: PMC4882053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of the adaptor Bank1 in TLR7 signaling using the B6.Sle1.yaa mouse, a lupus model that develops disease through exacerbated TLR7 expression. Crosses of B6.Sle1.yaa with Bank1-/- mice maintained several B and myeloid cell phenotypes close to normal wild-type levels. Most striking was the reduction in total serum IgG antibodies, but not of IgM, and reduced serum levels of autoantibodies, IL-6, and BAFF. Bank1 deficiency did modify numbers of MZ B cells and total B cell numbers, as well as expression of CXCR4 by follicular helper T cells. Other T cell changes were not observed. Bank1 deficiency did not modify numbers of germinal center B cells or plasma cells or clinical disease outcomes. Purified B cells from Bank1 deficient mice had strongly reduced Ifnb, Ifna4, Irf7, Aicda and Stat1 gene expression following TLR7 agonist stimulation. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Tyr701, but not of Ser727 of STAT1, was impaired in splenic B cells from B6.Sle1.yaa.Bank1-/- mice, as was the nuclear translocation of IRF7 in response to TLR7 agonist stimulation. Further, Bank1 deficiency in B6.Sle1.yaa mice reduced the production of IgG2c after in vitro TLR7 agonist stimulation. Our results demonstrate that Bank1 controls TLR7-mediated type I interferon production. Combined with the control of the nuclear translocation of IRF7, the modulation of STAT1 transcription and phosphorylation, Bank1 contributes to IgG production during development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Wu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Iida
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genomics, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), 18016, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: ; ;
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133
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Jackson SW, Jacobs HM, Arkatkar T, Dam EM, Scharping NE, Kolhatkar NS, Hou B, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ. B cell IFN-γ receptor signaling promotes autoimmune germinal centers via cell-intrinsic induction of BCL-6. J Exp Med 2016; 213:733-50. [PMID: 27069113 PMCID: PMC4854732 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although both type 1 and type 2 interferons (IFNs) are involved in lupus pathogenesis, their respective impacts on the establishment of autoimmune GCs has not been addressed. In this study, using a chimeric model of B cell-driven autoimmunity, we demonstrate that B cell type 1 IFN receptor signals accelerate, but are not required for, lupus development. In contrast, B cells functioning as antigen-presenting cells initiate CD4(+) T cell activation and IFN-γ production, and strikingly, B cell-intrinsic deletion of the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) abrogates autoimmune GCs, class-switched autoantibodies (auto-Abs), and systemic autoimmunity. Mechanistically, although IFN-γR signals increase B cell T-bet expression, B cell-intrinsic deletion of T-bet exerts an isolated impact on class-switch recombination to pathogenic auto-Ab subclasses without impacting GC development. Rather, in both mouse and human B cells, IFN-γ synergized with B cell receptor, toll-like receptor, and/or CD40 activation signals to promote cell-intrinsic expression of the GC master transcription factor, B cell lymphoma 6 protein. Our combined findings identify a novel B cell-intrinsic mechanism whereby IFN signals promote lupus pathogenesis, implicating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105
| | | | | | - Nikita S Kolhatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105 Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Baidong Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105 Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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Kroese FGM, Verstappen GM, de Leeuw K, Bootsma H. Sjögren’s syndrome, should we sign? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:365-7. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1130624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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135
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Differences in codon bias and GC content contribute to the balanced expression of TLR7 and TLR9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1362-71. [PMID: 26903634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518976113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system detects diverse microbial species with a limited repertoire of immune receptors that recognize nucleic acids. The cost of this immune surveillance strategy is the potential for inappropriate recognition of self-derived nucleic acids and subsequent autoimmune disease. The relative expression of two closely related receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9, is balanced to allow recognition of microbial nucleic acids while limiting recognition of self-derived nucleic acids. Situations that tilt this balance toward TLR7 promote inappropriate responses, including autoimmunity; therefore, tight control of expression is critical for proper homeostasis. Here we report that differences in codon bias limit TLR7 expression relative to TLR9. Codon optimization of Tlr7 increases protein levels as well as responses to ligands, but, unexpectedly, these changes only modestly affect translation. Instead, we find that much of the benefit attributed to codon optimization is actually the result of enhanced transcription. Our findings, together with other recent examples, challenge the dogma that codon optimization primarily increases translation. We propose that suboptimal codon bias, which correlates with low guanine-cytosine (GC) content, limits transcription of certain genes. This mechanism may establish low levels of proteins whose overexpression leads to particularly deleterious effects, such as TLR7.
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Leonard D, Eloranta ML, Hagberg N, Berggren O, Tandre K, Alm G, Rönnblom L. Activated T cells enhance interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1728-34. [PMID: 26493814 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an ongoing interferon-α (IFN-α) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We investigated whether T cells can promote IFN-α production by pDCs. METHODS Human pDCs were stimulated with immune complexes (ICs) containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleic proteins particles and SLE-IgG (RNA-IC) in the presence of T cells or T cell supernatants. T cells were activated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or in a mixed leucocyte reaction. IFN-α and other cytokines were determined in culture supernatants or patient sera with immunoassays. The effect of interleukin (IL) 3 and granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on pDCs was examined by the use of antibodies, and the expression of CD80/CD86 was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Activated T cells and supernatants from activated T cells increased IFN-α production by >20-fold. The stimulatory effect of T cell supernatants was reduced after depletion of GM-CSF (81%) or by blocking the GM-CSF receptor (55%-81%). Supernatant from activated T cells, furthermore, increased the frequency of CD80 and CD86 expressing pDCs stimulated with RNA-IC from 6% to 35% (p<0.05) and from 10% to 26% (p<0.01), respectively. Activated SLE T cells enhanced IFN-α production to the same extent as T cells from healthy individuals and a subset of patients with SLE had increased serum levels of GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS Activated T cells enhance IFN-α production by RNA-IC stimulated pDCs via GM-CSF and induce pDC maturation. Given the increased serum levels of GM-CSF in a subset of patients with SLE, these findings suggest that activated T cells may upregulate type I IFN production in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Berggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Alm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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137
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Cytokines and MicroRNAs as Candidate Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24194-218. [PMID: 26473848 PMCID: PMC4632746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, with varied course and symptoms. Its etiology is very complex and not clearly understood. There is growing evidence of the important role of cytokines in SLE pathogenesis, as well as their utility as biomarkers and targets in new therapies. Other potential new SLE biomarkers are microRNAs. Recently, over one hundred different microRNAs have been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the immune system. Various alterations in these microRNAs, associated with disease pathogenesis, have been described. They influence the signaling pathways and functions of immune response cells. Here, we aim to review the emerging new data on SLE etiology and pathogenesis.
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138
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Borrego B, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Revilla C, Álvarez B, Sobrino F, Domínguez J, Sáiz M. Synthetic RNAs Mimicking Structural Domains in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Elicit a Broad Innate Immune Response in Porcine Cells Triggered by RIG-I and TLR Activation. Viruses 2015; 7:3954-73. [PMID: 26193305 PMCID: PMC4517136 DOI: 10.3390/v7072807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against viral infections. Exploiting innate responses for antiviral, therapeutic and vaccine adjuvation strategies is being extensively explored. We have previously described, the ability of small in vitro RNA transcripts, mimicking the sequence and structure of different domains in the non-coding regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome (ncRNAs), to trigger a potent and rapid innate immune response. These synthetic non-infectious molecules have proved to have a broad-range antiviral activity and to enhance the immunogenicity of an FMD inactivated vaccine in mice. Here, we have studied the involvement of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the ncRNA-induced innate response and analyzed the antiviral and cytokine profiles elicited in swine cultured cells, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Borrego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain.
| | | | - Concepción Revilla
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CISC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CISC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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139
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Li H, Fu YX, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Crossman DK, Yang P, Li J, Luo B, Morel LM, Kabarowski JH, Yagita H, Ware CF, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Interferon-induced mechanosensing defects impede apoptotic cell clearance in lupus. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2877-90. [PMID: 26098211 DOI: 10.1172/jci81059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease that is associated with increased circulating apoptotic cell autoantigens (AC-Ags) as well as increased type I IFN signaling. Here, we describe a pathogenic mechanism in which follicular translocation of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the spleens of BXD2 lupus mice disrupts marginal zone macrophages (MZMs), which normally clear AC debris and prevent follicular entry of AC-Ags. Phagocytosis of ACs by splenic MZMs required the megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) transcriptional coactivator-mediated mechanosensing pathway, which was maintained by MZ B cells through expression of membrane lymphotoxin-α1β2 (mLT). Specifically, type I IFN-induced follicular shuttling of mLT-expressing MZ B cells disengaged interactions between these MZ B cells and LTβ receptor-expressing MZMs, thereby downregulating MKL1 in MZMs. Loss of MKL1 expression in MZMs led to defective F-actin polymerization, inability to clear ACs, and, eventually, MZM dissipation. Aggregation of plasmacytoid DCs in the splenic perifollicular region, follicular translocation of MZ B cells, and loss of MKL1 and MZMs were also observed in an additional murine lupus model and in the spleens of patients with SLE. Collectively, the results suggest that lupus might be interrupted by strategies that maintain or enhance mechanosensing signaling in the MZM barrier to prevent follicular entry of AC-Ags.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/deficiency
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/genetics
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/deficiency
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
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140
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Pane JA, Coulson BS. Lessons from the mouse: potential contribution of bystander lymphocyte activation by viruses to human type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1149-59. [PMID: 25794781 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are considered to be potential key modulators of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with several possible mechanisms proposed for their modes of action. Here we discuss the evidence for virus involvement, including pancreatic infection and the induction of T cell-mediated molecular mimicry. A particular focus of this review is the further possibility that virus infection triggers bystander activation of pre-existing autoreactive lymphocytes. In this scenario, the virus triggers dendritic cell maturation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion by engaging pattern recognition receptors. These proinflammatory cytokines provoke bystander autoreactive lymphocyte activation in the presence of cognate autoantigen, which leads to enhanced beta cell destruction. Importantly, this mechanism does not necessarily involve pancreatic virus infection, and its virally non-specific nature suggests that it might represent a means commonly employed by multiple viruses. The ability of viruses specifically associated with type 1 diabetes, including group B coxsackievirus, rotavirus and influenza A virus, to induce these responses is also examined. The elucidation of a mechanism shared amongst several viruses for accelerating progression to type 1 diabetes would facilitate the identification of important targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Pane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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141
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that has a broad spectrum of effects on the majority of organs, including the kidneys. Approximately 40-70% of patients with SLE will develop lupus nephritis. Renal assault during SLE is initiated by genes that breach immune tolerance and promote autoantibody production. These genes might act in concert with other genetic factors that augment innate immune signalling and IFN-I production, which in turn can generate an influx of effector leucocytes, inflammatory mediators and autoantibodies into end organs, such as the kidneys. The presence of cognate antigens in the glomerular matrix, together with intrinsic molecular abnormalities in resident renal cells, might further accentuate disease progression. This Review discusses the genetic insights and molecular mechanisms for key pathogenic contributors in SLE and lupus nephritis. We have categorized the genes identified in human studies of SLE into one of four pathogenic events that lead to lupus nephritis. We selected these categories on the basis of the cell types in which these genes are expressed, and the emerging paradigms of SLE pathogenesis arising from murine models. Deciphering the molecular basis of SLE and/or lupus nephritis in each patient will help physicians to tailor specific therapies.
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142
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Porritt RA, Hertzog PJ. Dynamic control of type I IFN signalling by an integrated network of negative regulators. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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143
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Schubert RD, Hu Y, Kumar G, Szeto S, Abraham P, Winderl J, Guthridge JM, Pardo G, Dunn J, Steinman L, Axtell RC. IFN-β treatment requires B cells for efficacy in neuroautoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:2110-6. [PMID: 25646307 PMCID: PMC4340715 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-β remains the most widely prescribed treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Despite widespread use of IFN-β, the therapeutic mechanism is still partially understood. Particularly, the clinical relevance of increased B cell activity during IFN-β treatment is unclear. In this article, we show that IFN-β pushes some B cells into a transitional, regulatory population that is a critical mechanism for therapy. IFN-β treatment increases the absolute number of regulatory CD19(+)CD24(++)CD38(++) transitional B cells in peripheral blood relative to treatment-naive and Copaxone-treated patients. In addition, we found that transitional B cells from both healthy controls and IFN-β-treated MS patients are potent producers of IL-10, and that the capability of IFN-β to induce IL-10 is amplified when B cells are stimulated. Similar changes are seen in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. IFN-β treatment increases transitional and regulatory B cell populations, as well as IL-10 secretion in the spleen. Furthermore, we found that IFN-β increases autoantibody production, implicating humoral immune activation in B cell regulatory responses. Finally, we demonstrate that IFN-β therapy requires immune-regulatory B cells by showing that B cell-deficient mice do not benefit clinically or histopathologically from IFN-β treatment. These results have significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glatiramer Acetate
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-beta/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/pathology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Spencer Szeto
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peter Abraham
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Johannes Winderl
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Gabriel Pardo
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jeffrey Dunn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Axtell
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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144
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Sang A, Zheng YY, Yin Y, Dozmorov I, Li H, Hsu HC, Mountz JD, Morel L. Dysregulated cytokine production by dendritic cells modulates B cell responses in the NZM2410 mouse model of lupus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102151. [PMID: 25093822 PMCID: PMC4122346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakdown in tolerance of autoreactive B cells in the lupus-prone NZM2410-derived B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (TC) mice results in the secretion of autoantibodies. TC dendritic cells (DCs) enhance B cell proliferation and antibody secretion in a cytokine-dependent manner. However, the specific cytokine milieu by which TC DCs activate B cells was not known. In this study, we compared TC and C57BL/6 (B6) control for the distribution of DC subsets and for their production of cytokines affecting B cell responses. We show that TC DCs enhanced B cell proliferation through the production of IL-6 and IFN-γ, while antibody secretion was only dependent on IL-6. Pre-disease TC mice showed an expanded PDCA1(+) cells prior to disease onset that was localized to the marginal zone and further expanded with age. The presence of PDCA1(+) cells in the marginal zone correlated with a Type I Interferon (IFN) signature in marginal zone B cells, and this response was higher in TC than B6 mice. In vivo administration of anti-chromatin immune complexes upregulated IL-6 and IFN-γ production by splenic DCs from TC but not B6 mice. The production of BAFF and APRIL was decreased upon TC DC stimulation both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that these B cell survival factors do not play a role in B cell modulation by TC DCs. Finally, TC B cells were defective at downregulating IL-6 expression in response to anti-inflammatory apoptotic cell exposure. Overall, these results show that the TC autoimmune genetic background induces the production of B cell-modulating inflammatory cytokines by DCs, which are regulated by the microenvironment as well as the interplay between DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Sang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ying-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yiming Yin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hao Li
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John D. Mountz
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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145
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Bekeredjian-Ding I, Greil J, Ammann S, Parcina M. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Neglected Regulators of the Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2014; 5:238. [PMID: 24904586 PMCID: PMC4033153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are a rare subset of leukocytes equipped with Fcγ and Fcε receptors, which exert contrary effects on sensing of microbial nucleic acids by endosomal Toll-like receptors. In this article, we explain how pDC contribute to the immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. Under normal circumstances the pDC participates in the memory response to the pathogen: pDC activation is initiated by uptake of staphylococcal immune complexes with IgG or IgE. However, protein A-expressing S. aureus strains additionally trigger pDC activation in the absence of immunoglobulin. In this context, staphylococci exploit the pDC to induce antigen-independent differentiation of IL-10 producing plasmablasts, an elegant means to propagate immune evasion. We further discuss the role of type I interferons in infection with S. aureus and the implications of these findings for the development of immune based therapies and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johann Greil
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany ; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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146
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Haselmayer P, Camps M, Muzerelle M, El Bawab S, Waltzinger C, Bruns L, Abla N, Polokoff MA, Jond-Necand C, Gaudet M, Benoit A, Bertschy Meier D, Martin C, Gretener D, Lombardi MS, Grenningloh R, Ladel C, Petersen JS, Gaillard P, Ji H. Characterization of Novel PI3Kδ Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for SLE and Lupus Nephritis in Pre-Clinical Studies. Front Immunol 2014; 5:233. [PMID: 24904582 PMCID: PMC4033217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by pathogenic autoantibody production as a consequence of uncontrolled T–B cell activity and immune-complex deposition in various organs, including kidney, leading to tissue damage and function loss. There is a high unmet need for better treatment options other than corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Phosphoinositol-3 kinase δ (PI3Kδ) is a promising target in this respect as it is essential in mediating B- and T-cell function in mouse and human. We report the identification of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors that blocked B-, T-, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell activities in human peripheral blood and in primary cell co-cultures (BioMAP®) without detecting signs of undesired toxicity. In an IFNα-accelerated mouse SLE model, our PI3Kδ inhibitors blocked nephritis development, whether administered at the onset of autoantibody appearance or the onset of proteinuria. Disease amelioration correlated with normalized immune cell numbers in the spleen, reduced immune-complex deposition as well as reduced inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue damage in the kidney. Improvements were similar to those achieved with a frequently prescribed drug for lupus nephritis, the potent immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil. Finally, we established a pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetic/efficacy model that revealed that a sustained PI3Kδ inhibition of 50% is sufficient to achieve full efficacy in our disease model. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of PI3Kδ inhibitors in SLE and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haselmayer
- Immunology, Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Montserrat Camps
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | - Samer El Bawab
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Non-Clinical Development, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Caroline Waltzinger
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Lisa Bruns
- Immunology, Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Nada Abla
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Non-Clinical Development, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Mark A Polokoff
- BioSeek® Division, DiscoveRx Corporation , South San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Carole Jond-Necand
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Marilène Gaudet
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Department of Early PK/PD Biomarker, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Audrey Benoit
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Department of Early PK/PD Biomarker, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bertschy Meier
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Department of Early PK/PD Biomarker, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Catherine Martin
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Department of Early PK/PD Biomarker, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Denise Gretener
- Department of Screening, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Maria Stella Lombardi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- Immunology, Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute , Billerica, MA , USA
| | - Christoph Ladel
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono , Darmstadt , Germany
| | | | | | - Hong Ji
- Biologics and Immunology Platform, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland ; Department of Early PK/PD Biomarker, Merck Serono SA , Geneva , Switzerland
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147
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Pane JA, Webster NL, Coulson BS. Rotavirus activates lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice by triggering toll-like receptor 7 signaling and interferon production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003998. [PMID: 24676425 PMCID: PMC3968122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that rotavirus infection promotes the progression of genetically-predisposed children to type 1 diabetes, a chronic autoimmune disease marked by infiltration of activated lymphocytes into pancreatic islets. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice provide a model for the human disease. Infection of adult NOD mice with rhesus monkey rotavirus (RRV) accelerates diabetes onset, without evidence of pancreatic infection. Rather, RRV spreads to the pancreatic and mesenteric lymph nodes where its association with antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, induces cellular maturation. RRV infection increases levels of the class I major histocompatibility complex on B cells and proinflammatory cytokine expression by T cells at these sites. In autoimmunity-resistant mice and human mononuclear cells from blood, rotavirus-exposed plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to bystander polyclonal B cell activation through type I interferon expression. Here we tested the hypothesis that rotavirus induces bystander activation of lymphocytes from NOD mice by provoking dendritic cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. NOD mouse splenocytes were stimulated with rotavirus and assessed for activation by flow cytometry. This stimulation activated antigen-presenting cells and B cells independently of virus strain and replicative ability. Instead, activation depended on virus dose and was prevented by blockade of virus decapsidation, inhibition of endosomal acidification and interference with signaling through Toll-like receptor 7 and the type I interferon receptor. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells were more efficiently activated than conventional dendritic cells by RRV, and contributed to the activation of B and T cells, including islet-autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Thus, a double-stranded RNA virus can induce Toll-like receptor 7 signaling, resulting in lymphocyte activation. Our findings suggest that bystander activation mediated by type I interferon contributes to the lymphocyte activation observed following RRV infection of NOD mice, and may play a role in diabetes acceleration by rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Pane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Webster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara S. Coulson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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148
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Abstract
The immune response to infection is a rapid and multifaceted process. Infection affects homeostasis within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, as lost immune cells must be replaced by HSCs. During the immune response, interferon is produced. Surprisingly, HSCs respond directly to interferon, entering the cell cycle from even the most dormant state. The complex response of both the HSCs and the niche to infection is a unique platform on which to consider HSC-niche interactions. Here, we comment on the contribution of the immune system to the niche and on the direct and indirect effect that infection has on HSCs in the niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine M Prendergast
- Hematopoietic stem cells and stress group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
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149
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Brkic Z, Versnel MA. Type I IFN signature in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:457-67. [PMID: 24450331 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.876364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates in salivary and lacrimal glands. Clinical manifestations range from ocular and oral dryness to vasculitis and severe fatigue. pSS is a disease with heterogeneous symptoms and a variable response to the available treatment. Recently, a key role for Interferon (IFN) type I has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pSS. As type I IFN consists of 17 different subtypes, it cannot be easily assessed using a conventional ELISA. Therefore the expression of type I IFN inducible genes--the so-called type I IFN signature--is assessed in salivary gland tissue and blood from patients as a readout for type I IFN activity. In this review we discuss the potential of type I IFN as a novel biomarker for disease activity, subclassification of patients, prediction of therapy response and most importantly as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Brkic
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Room NA 1107, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lauwerys BR, Ducreux J, Houssiau FA. Type I interferon blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:1369-76. [PMID: 24344319 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is an autoimmune condition characterized by loss of tolerance to chromatin constituents and the production of ANAs. The majority of SLE patients display spontaneous expression of type I IFN-induced genes in circulating mononuclear cells and peripheral tissues, and type I IFNs play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease via the sustained activation of autoreactive T and B cells necessary for the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Several IFN-blocking strategies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials: monoclonal antibodies directed against IFN-α and type I IFN-α receptor (IFNAR), as well as active immunization against IFN-α. This review describes the rationale behind these trials and the results obtained, and discusses the perspectives for further development of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Julie Ducreux
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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