101
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Lee J, Park YJ, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Yoon D, Jeong Y, Kim GY, Kang MK, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design and Synthesis of ( Z)-2-(Benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Their Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Effects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020848. [PMID: 36677908 PMCID: PMC9865752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5H)-one (BABT) derivatives were designed as tyrosinase inhibitors based on the structure of MHY2081, using a simplified approach. Of the 14 BABT derivatives synthesized, two derivatives ((Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [7] and (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [8]) showed more potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid, regardless of the substrate used; in particular, compound 8 was 106-fold more potent than kojic acid when l-tyrosine was used as the substrate. Analysis of Lineweaver-Burk plots for 7 and 8 indicated that they were competitive inhibitors, which was confirmed via in silico docking. In experiments using B16F10 cells, 8 exerted a greater ability to inhibit melanin production than kojic acid, and it inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the anti-melanogenic effect of 8 is attributable to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase. In addition, 8 exhibited strong antioxidant activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and peroxynitrite and inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins (tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). These results suggest that BABT derivative 8 is a promising candidate for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-related diseases, owing to its inhibition of melanogenesis-associated protein expression, direct tyrosinase inhibition, and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, West Palm Beach, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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Yang S, Zeng H, Jiang L, Fu C, Gao L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhang F, Chen J, Huang J, Zeng Q. Melatonin reduces melanogenesis by inhibiting the paracrine effects of keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:511-520. [PMID: 36620869 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes regulate melanogenesis in a paracrine manner. Previous studies have shown that melatonin can directly inhibit melanin production in the melanocytes. However, it is unclear whether melatonin can also indirectly regulate melanogenesis through the keratinocytes. In this study, we explored the role of melatonin in regulating keratinocyte-mediated melanogenesis using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Melatonin showed an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in this model. Furthermore, the conditioned media from melatonin-treated HaCaT cells downregulated melanogenesis-related genes, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, DCT and RAB27A in the pigment MNT1 cells, and decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK, JNK and p38. RNA sequencing further showed that mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress pathway in the MNT1 cells were inhibited by the conditioned medium from melatonin-treated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the secretion of ET-1 and PTGS2 from HaCaT cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. In conclusion, melatonin downregulates the paracrine factors ET-1 and PTGS2 in the keratinocytes by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which reduces melanin production in pigment cells. Thus, melatonin has a potential therapeutic effect on skin pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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103
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Lee JH, Ahn Y, Lee HE, Jang YN, Park AY, Kim S, Jung YH, Sung SH, Shin JH, Lee SH, Park SH, Kim KS, Jang MS, Kim BJ, Oh SH, Lee KJ. Wearable Surface-Lighting Micro-Light-Emitting Diode Patch for Melanogenesis Inhibition. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201796. [PMID: 36189834 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable light-emitting diode (LED)-based phototherapeutic devices have recently attracted attention as skin care tools for wrinkles, acne, and hyperpigmentation. However, the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of LED stimulators are still controversial due to their inefficient light transfer, high heat generation, and non-uniform spot irradiation. Here, a wearable surface-lighting micro-LED (SµLED) photostimulator is reported for skin care and cosmetic applications. The SµLEDs, consisting of a light diffusion layer (LDL), 900 thin film µLEDs, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), achieve uniform surface-lighting in 2 × 2 cm2 -sized area with 100% emission yields. The SµLEDs maximize photostimulation effectiveness on the skin surface by uniform irradiation, high flexibility, and thermal stability. The SµLED's effect on melanogenesis inhibition is evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments to human skin equivalents (HSEs) and mouse dorsal skin, respectively. The anti-melanogenic effect of SµLEDs is confirmed by significantly reduced levels of melanin contents, melan-A, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), compared to a conventional LED (CLED) stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Ahn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - You Na Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-755, Republic of Korea
| | - A Yeon Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Kim
- Fronics Co., Ltd., 754, Seolleung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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104
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Krysiak ZJ, Stachewicz U. Electrospun fibers as carriers for topical drug delivery and release in skin bandages and patches for atopic dermatitis treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1829. [PMID: 35817463 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a complex layer system and the most important barrier between the environment and the organism. In this review, we describe some widespread skin problems, with a focus on eczema, which are affecting more and more people all over the world. Most of treatment methods for atopic dermatitis (AD) are focused on increasing skin moisture and protecting from bacterial infection and external irritation. Topical and transdermal treatments have specific requirements for drug delivery. Breathability, flexibility, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and efficacy are important for the patches used for skin. Up to today, electrospun fibers are mostly used for wound dressing. Their properties, however, meet the requirements for skin patches for the treatment of AD. Active agents can be incorporated into fibers by blending, coaxial or side-by-side electrospinning, and also by physical absorption post-processing. Drug release from the electrospun membranes is affected by drug and polymer properties and the technique used to combine them into the patch. We describe in detail the in vitro release mechanisms, parameters affecting the drug transport, and their kinetics, including theoretical approaches. In addition, we present the current research on skin patch design. This review summarizes the current extensive know-how on electrospun fibers as skin drug delivery systems, while underlining the advantages in their prospective use as patches for atopic dermatitis. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna J Krysiak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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105
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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106
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D’Arcy C, Bass O, Junk P, Sevrin T, Oliviero G, Wynne K, Halasz M, Kiel C. Disease-Gene Networks of Skin Pigmentation Disorders and Reconstruction of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010013. [PMID: 36671585 PMCID: PMC9854651 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin, a light and free radical absorbing pigment, is produced in melanocyte cells that are found in skin, but also in hair follicles, eyes, the inner ear, heart, brain and other organs. Melanin synthesis is the result of a complex network of signaling and metabolic reactions. It therefore comes as no surprise that mutations in many of the genes involved are associated with various types of pigmentation diseases and phenotypes ('pigmentation genes'). Here, we used bioinformatics tools to first reconstruct gene-disease/phenotype associations for all pigmentation genes. Next, we reconstructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks centered around pigmentation gene products ('pigmentation proteins') and supplemented the PPI networks with protein expression information obtained by mass spectrometry in a panel of melanoma cell lines (both pigment producing and non-pigment producing cells). The analysis provides a systems network representation of all genes/ proteins centered around pigmentation and melanin biosynthesis pathways ('pigmentation network map'). Our work will enable the pigmentation research community to experimentally test new hypothesis arising from the pigmentation network map and to identify new targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian D’Arcy
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivia Bass
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philipp Junk
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Sevrin
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giorgio Oliviero
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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107
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Bouhoute M, Amen Y, Bejaoui M, Mizushima AKO, Shimizu K, Isoda H. New Butyroside D from Argan Press Cake Possess Anti-Melanogenesis Effect via MITF Downregulation in B16F10 and HEM Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416021. [PMID: 36555664 PMCID: PMC9785346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a skin condition where patches of skin become darker in color due to excess melanin production upon UV exposure leading to melasma, which are lentigines or post inflammatory hyperpigmentation that psychologically affecting a great number of people. The present study investigates the anti-melanogenic effect of Butyroside D and the underling mechanism. After the confirmation of the non-cytotoxic effect of Butyroside D on B16F10 cells, we proceeded with analyzing the impact of the treatment at low and high concentration (i.e., 0.2 μM and 2 μM) using gene profiling analysis and examined the differentiation in gene expression. Our results identify cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Wnt/β-catenin and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways to be downregulated upon treatment with Butyroside D. These pathways were targeted to further validate the effect of Butyroside D on membrane receptors melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit), related microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and consequently tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosine-related protein-1 (TYRP-1) that were all shown to be downregulated and, therefore, leading to the repression of melanin biosynthesis. Finally, the anti-melanogenic effect of Butyroside D was confirmed on human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) cells by inhibiting the activation of cAMP pathway generally mediated through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and MC1R. Overall, this study suggests the potential applicability of this purified compound for the prevention of hyperpigmentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bouhoute
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
| | - Aprill Kee Oliva Mizushima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
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108
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Melanogenesis and the Targeted Therapy of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121874. [PMID: 36551302 PMCID: PMC9775438 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism of melanogenesis is crucial to identify new preventive and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of melanoma. Here, we reviewed the current available literatures on the mechanisms of melanogenesis, including the signaling pathways of UVR-induced pigment production, MC1R's central determinant roles and MITF as a master transcriptional regulator in melanogenesis. Moreover, we further highlighted the role of targeting BRAF, NRAS and MC1R in melanoma prevention and treatment. The combination therapeutics of immunotherapy and targeted kinase inhibitors are becoming the newest therapeutic option in advanced melanoma.
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109
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Current Understanding of the Role of Senescent Melanocytes in Skin Ageing. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123111. [PMID: 36551868 PMCID: PMC9775966 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes reside within the basal epidermis of human skin, and function to protect the skin from ultraviolet light through the production of melanin. Prolonged exposure of the skin to UV light can induce irreparable DNA damage and drive cells into senescence, a sustained cell cycle arrest that prevents the propagation of this damage. Senescent cells can also be detrimental and contribute to skin ageing phenotypes through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent cells can act in both an autocrine and paracrine manner to produce widespread tissue inflammation and skin ageing. Recently, melanocytes have been identified as the main senescent cell population within the epidermis and have been linked to a variety of skin ageing phenotypes, such as epidermal thinning and the presence of wrinkles. However, the literature surrounding melanocyte senescence is limited and tends to focus on the role of senescence in the prevention of melanoma. Therefore, this review aims to explore the current understanding of the contribution of senescent melanocytes to human skin ageing.
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110
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Liang X, Lan J, Xu M, Qin K, Liu H, Sun G, Liu X, Chen Y, He Z. Impact of KIT Editing on Coat Pigmentation and Fresh Meat Color in Yorkshire Pigs. CRISPR J 2022; 5:825-842. [PMID: 36315201 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The white coat color of Yorkshire pigs is caused by the dominant white I allele, which has been associated with at least one copy of the 450-kb duplication encompassing the entire KIT gene and a splice mutation (G > A) at the first base of intron 17. The splice mutation in KIT has an adverse effect on pigmentation in mice. Therefore, removing the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutations is expected to affect Yorkshire pig pigmentation. In this study, we describe the use of a Yorkshire pig kidney cell strain with the I?/IBe-ed genotype, previously created by CRISPR-Cas9, as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate gene-edited Yorkshire pigs. The removal of the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutation did not alter the white coat color of Yorkshire pigs, which was confirmed by the absence of fully mature melanocytes and melanin accumulation in the hair follicles. Except for the improved transcription of tyrosinase, and slight increase in microphthalmia transcription factor and tyrosinase-related protein 1 protein expression, there was no significant impact of the removal of splice mutations on genes and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT) involved in melanogenesis. However, the removal of the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutation substantially improved fresh meat color accompanied by significantly increased red blood cell number, which merits further investigation. Our study provides new insights into the role of structural mutations of the KIT gene in the formation of white coat color and erythropoiesis in Yorkshire pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meina Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Xu Z, Shi W, Mei X. Biological function and application of melanocytes induced and transformed by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Ther 2022; 21:148-156. [PMID: 35844295 PMCID: PMC9260302 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of autologous melanocytes are required for surgical treatment of depigmentation diseases such as vitiligo. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the application of melanocytes induced by mesenchymal stem cells to clinical treatment. Therefore, we have induced mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) into melanocytes (miMels) in the previous experiment. This experiment continues the previous experiment to further study the biological functions of miMels and their application in tissue engineering. Methods We examined whether miMels can produce active tyrosinase, melanin, and response to α-MSH. The ability of miMels to produce melanin to keratinocytes was tested by co-culture. By applying miMels to tissue-engineered skin, the survival and function of miMels on the surface of nude mice were verified. Results MiMels can produce active tyrosinase and melanin, and can pass melanin to the co-cultured keratinocytes. Under the stimulation of α-MSH, the active tyrosinase and melanin content of miMels increased. We tried to apply it to the establishment of tissue-engineered skin and obtained tissue-engineered skin containing miMels. Then we tried to transplant tissue-engineered skin on the back skin of nude mice and succeeded. The transplanted miMels survived in local tissues, synthesized active tyrosinase and melanin, and expressed the marker protein of melanocytes. Conclusion In short, miMels can be used as a cell source for tissue engineering skin. MiMels not only have a typical melanocyte morphology but also have the same biological functions as normal melanocytes. What's more important is its successful application in mouse tissue-engineered experiments.
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Annemarie K, Liliana R, Małgorzata K, Andrzej P. Evaluation of the prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in a population of 72 client-owned purebred white cats examined from 2007 to 2021. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:287. [PMID: 35869465 PMCID: PMC9306025 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on sensorineural deafness (CSD) in purebred white client-owned cats is limited as most of the information on this disease entity is assured from mixed-breed experimental colonies. It is known that cats with blue irises are more predisposed to CSD having been described as a condition in which many structures in the inner ear are damaged resulting in hearing loss. Cats with CSD are born deaf or lose their hearing irreversibly within the first 4-5 weeks of life. It is important to diagnose cats with this hereditary condition in order to eliminate affected individuals from breeding. The objectives of this study were to ensure data on prevalence of CSD in a population of 72 client-owned purebred white cats in Poland according to the color of the irises and to determine if there are any predispositions with regard to CSD among different breeds of cats in which the dominant W gene is present. Results Conducted study included 72 purebred white cats from six different breeds. The prevalence of CSD in the conducted study was 16.7%, CI95 [8.9%; 23.3%]. Unilateral deafness (11.1%, CI95 [4.9%; 20.7%]) was more common than bilateral CSD (5.6%, CI95 [1.5%; 13.6%]). The studies did not show any association between sex and CSD, p = .46. No association between the blue color of irises and deafness in the studied population could be found, p = .91. When compared to the rest of the examined population, no association was found between CSD and a particular breed. Conclusions Overall prevalence of CSD regarding the examined population of purebred client-owned cats was reported as lower when compared to previous studies concerning purebred cats. Cats with blue irises are more likely to be deaf in accordance to the current state of knowledge, however in the conducted study, no significant association between the presence of blue irises and deafness in white purebred cats could be identified. In order to eliminate CSD from the population, it is necessary to conduct examinations and diagnose CSD in white cats with blue irises as well as with irises of color other than blue. Association between particular breed and CSD wasn’t identified.
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SMILE Downregulation during Melanogenesis Induces MITF Transcription in B16F10 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315094. [PMID: 36499416 PMCID: PMC9738925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
SMILE (small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein) is a transcriptional corepressor that potently regulates various cellular processes such as metabolism and growth in numerous tissues. However, its regulatory role in skin tissue remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SMILE expression markedly decreased in human melanoma biopsy specimens and was inversely correlated with that of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). During melanogenesis, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction of MITF was mediated by a decrease in SMILE expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Mechanistically, SMILE was regulated by α-MSH/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling and suppressed MITF promoter activity via corepressing transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element-binding protein. Moreover, SMILE overexpression significantly reduced α-MSH-induced MITF and melanogenic genes, thereby inhibiting melanin production in melanocytes. Conversely, SMILE inhibition increased the transcription of melanogenic genes and melanin contents. These results indicate that SMILE is a downstream effector of cAMP-mediated signaling and is a critical factor in the regulation of melanogenic transcription; in addition, they suggest a potential role of SMILE as a corepressor in skin pigmentation.
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Sýkorová K, Fiala V, Hlaváčová J, Kaňková Š, Flegr J. Redheaded women are more sexually active than other women, but it is probably due to their suitors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1000753. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with red hair color, i.e., 1–9% of female Europeans, tend to be the subject of various stereotypes about their sexually liberated behavior. The aim of the present case–control study was to explore whether a connection between red hair color and sexual behavior really exists using data from 110 women (34% redheaded) and 93 men (22% redheaded). Redheadedness in women, correlated with various traits related to sexual life, namely with higher sexual desire as measured by Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, with higher sexual activity and more sexual partners of the preferred gender over the past year, earlier initiation of sexual life, and higher sexual submissiveness. Structural equation modelling, however, showed that sexual desire of redheaded women mediated neither their higher sexual activity nor their higher number of sexual partners. These results indirectly indicate that the apparently more liberated sexual behavior in redheaded women could be the consequence of potential mates’ frequent attempts to have sex with them. Our results contradicted the three other tested models, specifically the models based on the assumption of different physiology, faster life history strategy, and altered self-perception of redheaded women induced by stereotypes about them. Naturally, the present study cannot say anything about the validity of other potential models that were not subjects of testing.
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Jeon G, Choi H, Park DJ, Nguyen NT, Kim YH, Min J. Melanin Treatment Effect of Vacuoles-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Ascorbic Acid. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00608-8. [PMID: 36445610 PMCID: PMC9707414 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, ascorbic acid (AA) is widely used as a skin whitening material, but, AA, an unstable hydrophilic molecule, cannot penetrate the skin easily, due to the hydrophobic character of the stratum corneum. Therefore, we conjugated AA with hydrated zinc oxide-an inorganic matrix with positive surface charge, to improve the stability of AA. The metal-conjugated-ascorbic acid (ZnAA) was then combined with yeast vacuole through the vacuolar membrane proteins that relate to metal transportation to create an enhanced vacuole that contained ZnAA. The characteristics of vacuole with ZnAA (ZnAA_Vac) were next examined by various tests that included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Furthermore, the ability of ZnAA_Vac to degrade melanin was confirmed in both melanoma cell line B16F10, and the artificial human skin MelanoDerm. The results showed that ZnAA_Vac possessed a higher depigmenting effect than the wild-type vacuole or ascorbic acid by reducing 75% of melanin color. Interestingly, ZnAA_Vac was found to be harmless, and did not cause any cytotoxicity to the cells. Overall, ZnAA_Vac is expected to provide a robust, harmless, and effective whitening agent for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongchan Jeon
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ngoc-Tu Nguyen
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-Do 28644 South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-Do 28644 South Korea
- School of Biological Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-do 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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Dessinioti C, Stratigos AJ. An Epidemiological Update on Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Skin Cancers. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8886-8903. [PMID: 36421352 PMCID: PMC9689757 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor tanning (sunbeds, solarium) uses artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to stimulate cosmetic tanning of the skin. Indoor tanning has been officially classified as a human carcinogen in 2009 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (WHO). The differences in the prevalence of sunbed use across countries and over the years highlight underlying legislative, climatic, and cultural differences. Indoor tanning-seeking behaviors may be driven by motivations for an appealing appearance, largely influenced by gender and age, and several misconceptions that a prevacation tan safeguards the skin, that sunbeds can be used to treat acne or to increase vitamin D, or that tanning is a healthy habit. This review provides an epidemiological update on the prevalence of sunbed use, who tends to use sunbeds and why, and details the current evidence on the association of sunbeds with skin cancers, including cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). A statistically significant higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, BCC and cSCC with the use of sunbeds has been consistently demonstrated. This risk of skin cancer is even higher with the more frequent use of sunbeds, underscoring a dose-response relationship, and in those first exposed to sunbeds at a younger age. Preventive measures against sunbed use include legislation restricting sunbed use, educational campaigns to inform and discourage from indoor tanning, as well as using the internet, online advertising messages and the social media to reach larger audiences and to promote an untanned appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece
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Fu TT, Sun YB, Gao W, Long CB, Yang CH, Yang XW, Zhang Y, Lan XQ, Huang S, Jin JQ, Murphy RW, Zhang Y, Lai R, Hillis DM, Zhang YP, Che J. The highest-elevation frog provides insights into mechanisms and evolution of defenses against high UV radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212406119. [PMID: 36346846 PMCID: PMC9674958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212406119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense against ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is essential for survival, especially in high-elevation species. Although some specific genes involved in UV response have been reported, the full view of UV defense mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used integrated approaches to analyze UV responses in the highest-elevation frog, Nanorana parkeri. We show less damage and more efficient antioxidant activity in skin of this frog than those of its lower-elevation relatives after UV exposure. We also reveal genes related to UV defense and a corresponding temporal expression pattern in N. parkeri. Genomic and metabolomic analysis along with large-scale transcriptomic profiling revealed a time-dependent coordinated defense mechanism in N. parkeri. We also identified several microRNAs that play important regulatory roles, especially in decreasing the expression levels of cell cycle genes. Moreover, multiple defense genes (i.e., TYR for melanogenesis) exhibit positive selection with function-enhancing substitutions. Thus, both expression shifts and gene mutations contribute to UV adaptation in N. parkeri. Our work demonstrates a genetic framework for evolution of UV defense in a natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.
| | - Yan-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Long
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xin-Wang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Lan
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - David M. Hillis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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Sohail M, Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig M, Akhtar N, Chen Y, Xie B, Li B. Topical lycopene emulgel significantly improves biophysical parameters of human skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:281-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bowley TY, Lagutina IV, Francis C, Sivakumar S, Selwyn RG, Taylor E, Guo Y, Fahy BN, Tawfik B, Marchetti D. The RPL/RPS gene signature of melanoma CTCs associates with brain metastasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1436-1448. [PMID: 36407834 PMCID: PMC9668078 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is linked to poor prognosis and low overall survival. We hypothesized that melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess a gene signature significantly expressed and associated with MBM. Employing a multi-pronged approach, we provide first-time evidence identifying a common CTC gene signature for ribosomal protein large/small subunits (RPL/RPS) which associate with MBM onset and progression. Experimental strategies involved capturing, transcriptional profiling and interrogating CTCs, either directly isolated from blood of melanoma patients at distinct stages of MBM progression or from CTC-driven MBM in experimental animals. Second, we developed the first Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) CTC-derived MBM xenograft model (MRI-MBM CDX) to discriminate MBM spatial and temporal growth, recreating MBM clinical presentation and progression. Third, we performed the comprehensive transcriptional profiling of MRI-MBM CDXs, along with longitudinal monitoring of CTCs from CDXs possessing/not possessing MBM. Our findings suggest that enhanced ribosomal protein content/ribogenesis may contribute to MBM onset. Since ribosome modifications drive tumor progression and metastatic development by remodeling CTC translational events, overexpression of the CTC RPL/RPS gene signature could be implicated in MBM development. Collectively, this study provides important insights for relevance of the CTC RPL/RPS gene signature in MBM, and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention to improve patient care for melanoma patients diagnosed with or at high-risk of developing MBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Y. Bowley
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Irina V. Lagutina
- Animal Models Shared Resource, The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carol Francis
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sinduja Sivakumar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Reed G. Selwyn
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Erik Taylor
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bridget N. Fahy
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bernard Tawfik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dario Marchetti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Corresponding Author: Dario Marchetti, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, CRF, 915 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM, 87131. Phone: 505-272-7937; E-mail:
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Beyzaee AM, Goldust M, Patil A, Rokni GR, Beyzaee S. The role of cytokines and vitamin D in vitiligo pathogenesis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6314-6325. [PMID: 35871394 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a pigment-related disease with a global prevalence of 0.2% to 1.8% associated with considerable burden on quality of life. The treatment is still a challenge because of relapses and/or incomplete re-pigmentation. Although the exact cause is still unclear, its pathogenesis seems to be justifiable with the autoimmune theory, supported by the results of clinical research. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the evidence related to cytokines and vitiligo development. This review is consisted of English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar concerning levels of inflammatory mediators, especially interleukins, in vitiligo patients over the last 20 years. References of relevant articles were also considered for review. Crucial role of dysregulated levels of interleukins and their synergistic function to each other, in the onset or progression of the disease is evident. The theory of autoimmune vitiligo is reinforced by the results of the studies in the literature, due to the association of pathogenesis with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduction of anti-inflammatory mediators. Decreased vitamin D levels may have a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1- and Th17-related immune responses. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. Moreover, we believe that decreased vitamin D level has a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1- and Th17-related immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samira Beyzaee
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fessé P, Nyman J, Hermansson I, Book ML, Ahlgren J, Turesson I. Human cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes differentiate temporarily under genotoxic stress. iScience 2022; 25:105238. [PMID: 36274944 PMCID: PMC9579029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage response of cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes to fractionated radiotherapy was investigated by immunostaining of tissue sections from punch biopsies collected before, during, and after the treatment of patients for breast cancer. Our clinical assay with sterilized hair follicles, excluded the migration of immature melanocytes from the bulge, and highlighted interfollicular melanocytes as an autonomous self-renewing population. About thirty percent are immature. Surrounding keratinocytes induced and maintained melanocyte differentiation as long as treatment was ongoing. Concomitant with differentiation, melanocytes were protected from apoptosis by transient upregulation of Bcl-2 and CXCR2. CXCR2 upregulation also indicated the instigation of premature senescence, preventing proliferation. The stem cell factor BMI1 was constitutively expressed exclusively in interfollicular melanocytes and further upregulated upon irradiation. BMI1 prevents apoptosis, terminal differentiation, and premature senescence, allowing dedifferentiation post-treatment, by suppressing the p53/p21-and p16-mediated response and upregulating CXCR2 to genotoxic damage. The pre-treatment immature subset of interfollicular melanocytes was restored after the exposure ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fessé
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Nyman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Hermansson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maj-Lis Book
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ahlgren
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden
| | - Ingela Turesson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Eom S, Lee S, Lee J, Yeom HD, Lee SG, Lee J. DDX3 Upregulates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Melanogenesis in Sk-Mel-2 Human Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207010. [PMID: 36296601 PMCID: PMC9606883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase with diverse biological functions through multicellular pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of DDX3 in regulating melanogenesis by the exploring signaling pathways involved. Various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were used to induce melanogenesis in SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells. Melanin content assays, tyrosinase activity analysis, and Western blot analysis were performed to determine how DDX3 was involved in melanogenesis. Transient transfection was performed to overexpress or silence DDX3 genes. Immunoprecipitation was performed using an antityrosinase antibody. Based on the results of the cell viability test, melanin content, and activity of tyrosinase, a key melanogenesis enzyme, in SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells, hydrogen peroxide at 0.1 mM was chosen to induce melanogenesis. Treatment with H2O2 notably increased the promoter activity of DDX3. After treatment with hydroperoxide for 4 h, melanin content and tyrosinase activity peaked in DDX3-transfected cells. Overexpression of DDX3 increased melanin content and tyrosinase expression under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. DDX3 co-immunoprecipitated with tyrosinase, a melanogenesis enzyme. The interaction between DDX3 and tyrosinase was strongly increased under oxidative stress. DDX3 could increase melanogenesis under the H2O2-treated condition. Thus, targeting DDX3 could be a novel strategy to develop molecular therapy for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | - Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | | | - Seong-Gene Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2160 (S.-G.L.); +82-62-530-2164 (J.L.)
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2160 (S.-G.L.); +82-62-530-2164 (J.L.)
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Singh AK, Novak J, Kumar A, Singh H, Thareja S, Pathak P, Grishina M, Verma A, Yadav JP, Khalilullah H, Pathania V, Nandanwar H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Gaussian field-based 3D-QSAR and molecular simulation studies to design potent pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids as selective BRAF V600E inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30181-30200. [PMID: 36329938 PMCID: PMC9585928 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05751d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK" pathway is an important signaling pathway in melanoma. BRAFV600E (70-90%) is the most common mutation in this pathway. BRAF inhibitors have four types of conformers: type I (αC-IN/DFG-IN), type II (αC-IN/DFG-OUT), type I1/2 (αC-OUT/DFG-IN), and type I/II (αC-OUT/DFG-OUT). First- and second-generation BRAF inhibitors show resistance to BRAFV600E and are ineffective against malignancies induced by dimer BRAF mutants causing 'paradoxical' activation. In the present study, we performed molecular modeling of pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids inhibitors using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Previous reports reveal the importance of pyrimidine and sulfonamide moieties in the development of BRAFV600E inhibitors. Analysis of 3D-QSAR models provided novel pyrimidine sulfonamide hybrid BRAFV600E inhibitors. The designed compounds share similarities with several structural moieties present in first- and second-generation BRAF inhibitors. A total library of 88 designed compounds was generated and molecular docking studies were performed with them. Four molecules (T109, T183, T160, and T126) were identified as hits and selected for detailed studies. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at 900 ns and binding was calculated. Based on molecular docking and simulation studies, it was found that the designed compounds have better interactions with the core active site [the nucleotide (ADP or ATP) binding site, DFG motif, and the phospho-acceptor site (activation segment) of BRAFV600E protein than previous inhibitors. Similar to the FDA-approved BRAFV600E inhibitors the developed compounds have [αC-OUT/DFG-IN] conformation. Compounds T126, T160 and T183 interacted with DIF (Leu505), making them potentially useful against BRAFV600E resistance and malignancies induced by dimer BRAF mutants. The synthesis and biological evaluation of the designed molecules is in progress, which may lead to some potent BRAFV600E selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Jurica Novak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka Rijeka 51000 Croatia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka Rijeka 51000 Croatia
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Biomedical Technologies' School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk RU-454080 Russia
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454008 Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454008 Russia
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj 211007 India
| | - Jagat Pal Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj 211007 India
- Department of Pharmacology, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology Faridipur Sultanpur 228118 India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Pathania
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientifc & Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology Sector-39A Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientifc & Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology Sector-39A Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
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Villareal MO, Chaochaiphat T, Makbal R, Gadhi C, Isoda H. Molecular Analysis of the Melanogenesis Inhibitory Effect of Saponins-Rich Fraction of Argania spinosa Leaves Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:6762. [PMID: 36235295 PMCID: PMC9571574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant saponins are abundant and diverse natural products with a great potential for use in drug-discovery research. Here, we evaluated extracts of saponins-rich fractions of argan leaves and argan oil extraction byproducts (shell, pulp, press cake) for their effect on melanogenesis. Results show that from among the samples tested, only the saponins-rich fraction from leaves (ALS) inhibited melanin production in B16 murine melanoma (B16) cells. The mechanism of the melanogenesis inhibition was elucidated by determining the protein and mRNA expression of melanogenesis-associated enzymes tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and performing DNA microarray analysis. Results showed that 10 µg/mL ALS significantly inhibited melanogenesis in B16 cells and human epidermal melanocytes by 59% and 48%, respectively, without cytotoxicity. The effect of ALS on melanogenesis can be attributed to the decrease in TYR, TRP1, and MITF expression at the protein and mRNA levels. MITF inhibition naturally led to the downregulation of the expression of Tyr and Trp1 genes. Results of the DNA microarray analysis revealed the effect on melanogenesis-associated cAMP and Wnt signaling pathways' genes. The results of this study suggest that ALS may be used in cosmeceuticals preparations for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra O. Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thanyanan Chaochaiphat
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rachida Makbal
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering Center, CNRST-labeled Research Unit (AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05 Center), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
Strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation at high altitude imposes a serious selective pressure, which may induce skin pigmentation adaptation of indigenous populations. We conducted skin pigmentation phenotyping and genome-wide analysis of Tibetans in order to understand the underlying mechanism of adaptation to UV radiation. We observe that Tibetans have darker baseline skin color compared with lowland Han Chinese, as well as an improved tanning ability, suggesting a two-level adaptation to boost their melanin production. A genome-wide search for the responsible genes identifies GNPAT showing strong signals of positive selection in Tibetans. An enhancer mutation (rs75356281) located in GNPAT intron 2 is enriched in Tibetans (58%) but rare in other world populations (0 to 18%). The adaptive allele of rs75356281 is associated with darker skin in Tibetans and, under UVB treatment, it displays higher enhancer activities compared with the wild-type allele in in vitro luciferase assays. Transcriptome analyses of gene-edited cells clearly show that with UVB treatment, the adaptive variant of GNPAT promotes melanin synthesis, likely through the interactions of CAT and ACAA1 in peroxisomes with other pigmentation genes, and they act synergistically, leading to an improved tanning ability in Tibetans for UV protection.
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Meyer C, Breitsprecher L, Bataille L, Vincent AJM, Drechsler M, Meyer H, Paululat A. Formation and function of a highly specialised type of organelle in cardiac valve cells. Development 2022; 149:276991. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Within a cell, vesicles play a crucial role in the transport of membrane material and proteins to a given target membrane, and thus regulate a variety of cellular functions. Vesicular transport occurs by means of, among others, endocytosis, where cargoes are taken up by the cell and are processed further upon vesicular trafficking, i.e. transported back to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes or the degraded by fusion of the vesicles with lysosomes. During evolution, a variety of vesicles with individual functions arose, with some of them building up highly specialised subcellular compartments. In this study, we have analysed the biosynthesis of a new vesicular compartment present in the valve cells of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that the compartment is formed by invaginations of the plasma membrane and grows via re-routing of the recycling endosomal pathway. This is achieved by inactivation of other membrane-consuming pathways and a plasma membrane-like molecular signature of the compartment in these highly specialised heart cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meyer
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Leonhard Breitsprecher
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Laetitia Bataille
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) 3 , Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Alain J. M. Vincent
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) 3 , Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Maik Drechsler
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
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Rashid S, Shaughnessy M, Tsao H. Melanoma classification and management in the era of molecular medicine. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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128
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Uto T, Tung NH, Ohta T, Shoyama Y. (+)-Magnolin Enhances Melanogenesis in Melanoma Cells and Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent; Involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1199-1208. [PMID: 35211932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnoliae Flos is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat nasal congestion associated with headache, empyema, and allergic rhinitis. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo formulas for melanin synthesis, the methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos was found to exhibit strong melanin synthesis activity. However, there have been no studies evaluating the effects of Magnoliae Flos or its constituents on melanogenesis. The present study aimed to isolate the active compounds from Magnoliae Flos that activate melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and three-dimensional human skin equivalent, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying melanin induction. The methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos induced an increase of melanin content in both B16-F1 and HMV-II cells. A comparison of melanin induction by three fractions prepared from the extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction markedly induced melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of seven lignans (1: - 7: ). Among them, (+)-magnolin (5: ) strongly induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction and 5: clearly induced melanin content in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent. Molecular analysis revealed that 5: triggered the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Further analysis of transcriptional factors and signaling pathways demonstrated that 5: induces the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2 activated by the protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of 5: as a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hong C, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu H. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Extract exhibits pigmentation by melanin biosynthesis and melanosome biogenesis/transfer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963160. [PMID: 36249817 PMCID: PMC9557186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. (Epimedii Folium) is a traditional medicine widely utilized in China for sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis treatment. Recently, studies have reported that Epimedium flavonoid icariin displayed hair growth and melanogenic ability by targeting tyrosinase activity. Nevertheless, icariin hydrolysate icariside II and icaritin cause depigmentation due to their tyrosinase inhibition. These pigment functional discrepancies from Epimedium constituents arouse our great interest. Then, this study focused on the pigmentation effects of Epimedii Folium extract (EFE) on melanin synthesis and melanosome biogenesis/transfer, and further identified the bioactive constituents. First, in in vitro systemic studies, we discovered that the potent melanogenic and repigmented effects of EFE were dependent on concentration and amount of time in multi-melanocytes, normal human skin tissue, and vitiligo perilesional areas. In vivo, EFE exhibited repigmented effect on two kinds of depigmented models of N-phenylthiourea-induced zebrafish and hydroquinone-induced mice. Mechanistically, EFE strongly promoted tyrosinase activity and upregulated the protein expression of tyrosinase families which finally contribute to melanin biosynthesis by activating the MAPK/ERK1/2 signal pathway. In addition, EFE effectively increased melanosome number, accelerated melanosome maturity and cytoplasmic transport through the growth/extension of melanocyte dendrites, and induced melanosome transfer from melanocyte to keratinocyte for pigmentation. The six main flavonoid ingredients were identified among EFE. Compared to others, epimedin B (EB) was confirmed as a high-content, low-toxicity, and effective melanogenic compound in EFE. Taking all these together, this study systematically demonstrates the potential pigmentation effect of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., and clarifies its related molecular mechanisms and melanogenesis basis. These results give additional insight into Epimedium herb pharmacology and may provide a novel therapy basis for hypopigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Huali Wu, ; Yiming Li,
| | - Huali Wu
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Huali Wu, ; Yiming Li,
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Quantification of Arbutin in Cosmetics, Drugs and Food Supplements by Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175673. [PMID: 36080435 PMCID: PMC9457821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbutin, the glucoside of hydroquinone, exists in two isomers, α-arbutin and β-arbutin. The synthetic α isomer is mainly used as a skin brightening agent, while β-arbutin occurs naturally, for instance in bearberry, and is used in drugs for treatment of lower urinary tract infections and as a food supplement. Since both isomers can be harmful at high concentrations, methods for their quantification are required. Classically they have been determined by reversed-phase chromatography, but separation of both isomers is often unsatisfactory. Here we present a simple and reliable method for quantification of α- and β-arbutin based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography. Prior to analysis, interfering compounds that would frequently be present in cosmetics and drugs, particularly biopolymers, were efficiently removed by precipitation with acetonitrile. In this paper, for separation, a Cyclobond I 2000 5 µm 250 × 4.6 mm column was employed as stationary phase and acetonitrile/water 92/8 (v/v) was used as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. For quantification, a UV detector operating at 284 nm was applied. Although analysis took less than 10 min, baseline separation of α- and β-arbutin was achieved. The response was highly linear (r > 0.999) and the method had, for both α- and β-arbutin, a LOD of 0.003% (w/w) and a LOQ of 0.009% (w/w). Moreover, the method showed excellent intra-day and inter-day repeatability with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.5% to 2.3% and 1.0% to 2.2%, respectively, with cosmetics, drugs and food supplements as samples.
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131
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Uto T, Ohta T, Nakayama E, Nakagawa M, Hatada M, Shoyama Y. Bioassay-guided Fractionation of Clove Buds Extract Identifies Eugenol as Potent Melanogenic Inducer in Melanoma Cells. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1403-1412. [PMID: 36047244 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clove, a dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, is used in traditional medicine, for culinary purposes, and in essential oil production. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo formulas, a methanol (MeOH) extract of clove buds was found to exhibit a melanin induction. To date, the effects of clove buds or their constituents on the activation of melanogenesis remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to isolate active compounds from the MeOH extract of clove buds associated with melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and to investigate the molecular mechanism involved. The MeOH extract of clove buds increased melanin content in murine B16-F1 melanoma cells. To identify the active compounds responsible for melanin induction, the MeOH extract was suspended in water and successively partitioned using hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). Comparative analysis revealed that the EtOAc fraction induced melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the EtOAc fraction isolated three compounds including eugenol. The analysis of structure-activity relationships of eugenol and structurally related compounds indicated that eugenol was the most potent melanin inducer among the 11 compounds, and that a hydroxyl group at C-1 and a methoxy group at C-2 may contribute to melanin induction. Eugenol induced melanin synthesis in human HMV-II melanoma cells as well as in B16-F1 cells. Further analysis indicated that eugenol may invoke intracellular tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinaserelated protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). These results suggest that eugenol enhances melanin synthesis by upregulating the expression of MITF and subsequent expression of melanogenic enzymes, and that it may be a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Maki Hatada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Hidalgo M, Curantz C, Quenech’Du N, Neguer J, Beck S, Mohammad A, Manceau M. A conserved molecular template underlies color pattern diversity in estrildid finches. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5800. [PMID: 36044564 PMCID: PMC9432839 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The color patterns that adorn animals' coats not only exhibit extensive diversity linked to various ecological functions but also display recurrences in geometry, orientation, or body location. How processes of pattern formation shape such phenotypic trends remains a mystery. Here, we surveyed plumage color patterns in passerine finches displaying extreme apparent variation and identified a conserved set of color domains. We linked these domains to putative embryonic skin regions instructed by early developmental tissues and outlined by the combinatory expression of few genetic markers. We found that this embryonic prepattern is largely conserved in birds displaying drastic color differences in the adult, interspecies variation resulting from the masking or display of each domain depending on their coloration. This work showed that a simple molecular landscape serves as common spatial template to extensive color pattern variation in finches, revealing that early conserved landmarks and molecular pathways are a major cause of phenotypic trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hidalgo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Camille Curantz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Quenech’Du
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julia Neguer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Beck
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Genomic Facility, Institute of Biology of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM Paris, France
| | - Marie Manceau
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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133
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Valli F, García Vior MC, Ezquerra Riega SD, Roguin LP, Marino J. Melanosomal targeting via caveolin-1 dependent endocytosis mediates ZN(II) phthalocyanine phototoxic action in melanoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112505. [PMID: 35839543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes have been considered crucial targets in melanoma treatments. In this study we explored the role of melanosomes in photodynamic therapy (PDT), employing the synthetic Zn(II) phthalocyanine Pc13, a potent photosensitizer that promotes melanoma cell death after irradiation. Phototoxic action is mediated by reactive oxygen species increase. The internalization mechanism of Pc13 and its consequent subcellular localization were evaluated in melanotic B16-F0 cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of dynamin or caveolae, but not of clathrin, decreased Pc13 cellular uptake and phototoxicity. Similar results were obtained when cells over-expressed dominant negative mutants of dynamin-2 and caveolin-1, indicating that Pc13 is internalized by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that Pc13 targets melanosomes and damage of these structures after irradiation was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Treatment of pigmented B16-F0 and WM35 melanoma cells with the melanin synthesis inhibitor phenylthiourea for 48 h led to cell depigmentation and enhanced cell death after irradiation, whereas a 3-h period of inhibition did not modify melanin content but produced a marked reduction of Pc13 phototoxicity, together with a decrease of oxidative melanin synthesis intermediates. In contrast, the effect of Pc13 in amelanotic A375 cells was not altered by phenylthiourea treatment. These results provide evidence that melanosomes have a dual role in the efficacy of PDT. While melanin antagonizes the phototoxic action of Pc13, the release of cytotoxic synthetic intermediates to cytosol after irradiation and melanosome damage is conducive to the phototoxic response. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that melanosome-targeted PDT could be an effective approach for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Valli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C García Vior
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, CONICET, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio D Ezquerra Riega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, CONICET, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonor P Roguin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Marino
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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134
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Tan SH, Chua DAC, Tang JRJ, Bonnard C, Leavesley D, Liang K. Design of Hydrogel-based Scaffolds for in vitro Three-dimensional Human Skin Model Reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:13-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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135
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Grass D, Beasley GM, Fischer MC, Selim MA, Zhou Y, Warren WS. Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:31852-31862. [PMID: 36242259 PMCID: PMC9576283 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pump-probe microscopy of melanin in tumors has been proposed to improve diagnosis of malignant melanoma, based on the hypothesis that aggressive cancers disaggregate melanin structure. However, measured signals of melanin are complex superpositions of multiple nonlinear processes, which makes interpretation challenging. Polarization control during measurement and data fitting are used to decompose signals of melanin into their underlying molecular mechanisms. We then identify the molecular mechanisms that are most susceptible to melanin disaggregation and derive false-coloring schemes to highlight these processes in biological tissue. We demonstrate that false-colored images of a small set of melanoma tumors correlate with clinical concern. More generally, our systematic approach of decomposing pump-probe signals can be applied to a multitude of different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grass
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia M. Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Angelica Selim
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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136
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An X, Lv J, Wang F. Pterostilbene inhibits melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport through cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175231. [PMID: 36038012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a trans stilbene compound, which is an effective component of herbaceous plants such as Dalbergia woods and Vaccinium. Although pterostilbene has many uses in anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor, its whitening effect is drawing more and more attention, the mechanism of melanogenesis and melanosome transport still needs further study. In this research, we tried to further investigate how melanocyte melanogenesis is affected by pterostilbene and whether pterostilbene play a part in melanin transport. Our results showed that pterostilbene has a potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells (3 μM, p < 0.001), in-vitro human skin (10 μM, p < 0.05) and zebrafish embryos (3 μM, p < 0.01). Besides, pterostilbene not only inhibited melanogenesis, but also inhibited melanocyte dendritic development and melanosome transport. Pterostilbene mainly plays a role by inhibiting cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway. After the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway was inhibited, tyrosinase activity and the expression of MITF, TYR, Rab27A, Rab17 and gp100 were decreased, which in turn suppressed melanogenesis, melanocyte dendritic development and melanosome transport. Our findings showed that pterostilbene can potently inhibit melanogenesis and melanosome transport, suggesting the applicability of pterostilbene in skin lightning. Therefore, a novel pharmacologic way to treat hyperpigmentation has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong An
- Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, 650000, China; Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, 650000, China; Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China.
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137
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Bai H, Chang G. Genome-Wide Association Study for Screening and Identifying Potential Shin Color Loci in Ducks. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081391. [PMID: 36011302 PMCID: PMC9407491 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shin color diversity is a widespread phenomenon in birds. In this study, ducks were assessed to identify candidate genes for yellow, black, and spotted tibiae. For this purpose, we performed whole-genome resequencing of an F2 population consisting of 275 ducks crossed between Runzhou crested-white ducks and Cherry Valley ducks. We obtained 12.6 Mb of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, and the three shin colors were subsequently genotyped. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed to identify candidate and potential SNPs for the three shin colors. According to the results, 2947 and 3451 significant SNPs were associated with black and yellow shins, respectively, and six potential SNPs were associated with spotted shins. Based on the SNP annotations, the MITF, EDNRB2, POU family members, and the SLC superfamily were the candidate genes regulating pigmentation. In addition, the isoforms of EDNRB2, TYR, TYRP1, and MITF-M were significantly different between the black and yellow tibiae. MITF and EDNRB2 may have synergistic roles in the regulation of melanin synthesis, and their mutations may lead to phenotypic differences in the melanin deposition between individuals. This study provides new insights into the genetic factors that may influence tibia color diversity in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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138
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Comandante-Lou N, Baumann DG, Fallahi-Sichani M. AP-1 transcription factor network explains diverse patterns of cellular plasticity in melanoma cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111147. [PMID: 35926467 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity associated with fluctuations in transcriptional programs allows individual cells in a tumor to adopt heterogeneous differentiation states and switch phenotype during their adaptive responses to therapies. Despite increasing knowledge of such transcriptional programs, the molecular basis of cellular plasticity remains poorly understood. Here, we combine multiplexed transcriptional and protein measurements at population and single-cell levels with multivariate statistical modeling to show that the state of AP-1 transcription factor network plays a unifying role in explaining diverse patterns of plasticity in melanoma. We find that a regulated balance among AP-1 factors cJUN, JUND, FRA2, FRA1, and cFOS determines the intrinsic diversity of differentiation states and adaptive responses to MAPK inhibitors in melanoma cells. Perturbing this balance through genetic depletion of specific AP-1 proteins, or by MAPK inhibitors, shifts cellular heterogeneity in a predictable fashion. Thus, AP-1 may serve as a critical node for manipulating cellular plasticity with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Comandante-Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Douglas G Baumann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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139
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Zhou BB, Liu D, Qian JC, Tan RX. Vegetable-derived indole enhances the melanoma-treating efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4278-4292. [PMID: 35883268 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Food-drug interaction is an important but overlooked issue. For example, little is known concerning whether or not the chemotherapy of cancers is affected by the well-defined dietary chemicals such as 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,3'-diindolylmethane (LTr1) derived from daily consumed cruciferous vegetables. This work, inspired by the described melanogenesis reduction by certain indoles, presents that LTr1 mitigates the melanogenesis and thus potentiates the in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma effectiveness of different chemotherapeutic agents including dacarbazine, vemurafenib, and sorafenib. In B16 melanoma cells, LTr1 was shown to inhibit the melanogenesis by acting towards the regulatory (R) subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1a) associated with the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). This allows LTr1 to reduce the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2). Furthermore, LTr1 was addressed to bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and up-regulate the expression of CYP1A1 encoding cytochrome P450 1A1, leading to the escalation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The increased ROS generation promotes the cysteine-to-cystine transformation to inhibit the pheomelanogenesis in melanomas. Collectively, the work identifies LTr1 as a new melanogenesis inhibitor that modulates the PKA/CREB/MITF and AhR/CYP1A1/ROS pathways, thereby providing a new option for (re)sensitizing melanomas to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Bei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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140
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Zhang B, Yao T, Chen Y, Wang C, Bao Y, Wang Z, Zhao K, Ji M. Label-Free Delineation of Human Uveal Melanoma Infiltration With Pump–Probe Microscopy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891282. [PMID: 35936703 PMCID: PMC9354715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by melanin depositions in melanocytes located in the uveal tract in the eyes. Differentiation of melanin species (eumelanin and pheomelanin) is crucial in the diagnosis and management of UM, yet it remains inaccessible for conventional histology. Here, we report that femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe microscopy could provide label-free and chemical-specific detection of melanin species in human UM based on their distinct transient relaxation dynamics at the subpicosecond timescale. The method is capable of delineating the interface between melanoma and paracancerous regions on various tissue conditions, including frozen sections, paraffin sections, and fresh tissues. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to confirm the active eumelanin synthesis in UM. Our results may hold potential for sensitive detection of tumor boundaries and biomedical research on melanin metabolism in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyang Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Keke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
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141
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Sox2 in the dermal papilla regulates hair follicle pigmentation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111100. [PMID: 35858560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the hair follicle (HF) niche, dermal papilla (DP) cells are well known for the hair induction capacity; however, DP cell signaling also regulates HF pigmentation. Here we describe how Sox2 in the DP is a key regulator of melanocyte signaling. To study the largely unknown regulatory role the DP has on hair pigmentation, we characterize leptin receptor (Lepr) expression in the skin and as a genetic tool to target the DP. Sox2 ablation in the DP results in a phenotypic switch from eumelanin to pheomelanin. Mechanistically, we describe a temporal upregulation of Agouti and downregulation of Corin, directly by Sox2 in the DP. We also show that bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling regulation by Sox2 is responsible for downregulating MC1R, Dct, and Tyr in melanocytes of Sox2 cKO mice. Thus, we demonstrate that Sox2 in the DP regulates not only the choice of hair pigment but also the overall HF pigment production.
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142
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Bai H, Chang G. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Encoding Beak Color of Duck. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1271. [PMID: 35886054 PMCID: PMC9322730 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beak color diversity is a broadly occurring phenomenon in birds. Here, we used ducks to identify candidate genes for yellow, black, and spotted beaks. For this, an F2 population consisting of 275 ducks was genotyped using whole genome resequencing containing 12.6 M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three beak colors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was used to identify the candidate and potential SNPs for three beak colors in ducks (yellow, spotted, and black). The results showed that 2753 significant SNPs were associated with black beaks, 7462 with yellow, and 17 potential SNPs with spotted beaks. Based on SNP annotation, MITF, EDNRB2, members of the POU family, and the SLC superfamily were the candidate genes regulating pigmentation. Meanwhile, isoforms MITF-M and EDNRB2 were significantly different between black and yellow beaks. MITF and EDNRB2 likely play a synergistic role in the regulation of melanin synthesis, and their mutations contribute to phenotypic differences in beak melanin deposition among individuals. This study provides new insights into genetic factors that may influence the diversity of beak color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Yulin Bi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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143
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Hall MJ, Lopes-Ventura S, Neto MV, Charneca J, Zoio P, Seabra MC, Oliva A, Barral DC. Reconstructed human pigmented skin/epidermis models achieve epidermal pigmentation through melanocore transfer. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:425-435. [PMID: 35325505 PMCID: PMC9543140 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin acts as a barrier to environmental insults and provides many vital functions. One of these is to shield DNA from harmful ultraviolet radiation, which is achieved by skin pigmentation arising as melanin is produced and dispersed within the epidermal layer. This is a crucial defence against DNA damage, photo‐ageing and skin cancer. The mechanisms and regulation of melanogenesis and melanin transfer involve extensive crosstalk between melanocytes and keratinocytes in the epidermis, as well as fibroblasts in the dermal layer. Although the predominant mechanism of melanin transfer continues to be debated and several plausible models have been proposed, we and others previously provided evidence for a coupled exo/phagocytosis model. Herein, we performed histology and immunohistochemistry analyses and demonstrated that a newly developed full‐thickness three‐dimensional reconstructed human pigmented skin model and an epidermis‐only model exhibit dispersed pigment throughout keratinocytes in the epidermis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed melanocores between melanocytes and keratinocytes, suggesting that melanin is transferred through coupled exocytosis/phagocytosis of the melanosome core, or melanocore, similar to our previous observations in human skin biopsies. We, therefore, present evidence that our in vitro models of pigmented human skin show epidermal pigmentation comparable to human skin. These findings have a high value for studies of skin pigmentation mechanisms and pigmentary disorders, whilst reducing the reliance on animal models and human skin biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hall
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Lopes-Ventura
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Matilde V Neto
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Charneca
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Zoio
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abel Oliva
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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144
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145
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Lee KW, Kim M, Lee SH, Kim KD. The Function of Autophagy as a Regulator of Melanin Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132085. [PMID: 35805169 PMCID: PMC9265842 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are melanocyte-specific organelles that protect cells from ultraviolet (UV)-induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage through the production and accumulation of melanin and are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes. The relatively well-known process by which melanin is synthesized from melanocytes is known as melanogenesis. The relationship between melanogenesis and autophagy is attracting the attention of researchers because proteins associated with autophagy, such as WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, autophagy-related (ATG)7, ATG4, beclin-1, and UV-radiation resistance-associated gene, contribute to the melanogenesis signaling pathway. Additionally, there are reports that some compounds used as whitening cosmetics materials induce skin depigmentation through autophagy. Thus, the possibility that autophagy is involved in the removal of melanin has been suggested. To date, however, there is a lack of data on melanosome autophagy and its underlying mechanism. This review highlights the importance of autophagy in melanin homeostasis by providing an overview of melanogenesis, autophagy, the autophagy machinery involved in melanogenesis, and natural compounds that induce autophagy-mediated depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Si Hyeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1365; Fax: +82-55-772-1359
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146
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Recognition of Melanocytes in Immuno-Neuroendocrinology and Circadian Rhythms: Beyond the Conventional Melanin Synthesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132082. [PMID: 35805166 PMCID: PMC9266247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from UV-B radiation. Notwithstanding, the spectrum of their functions extends far beyond their well-known role as melanin production factories. Melanocytes have been considered as sensory and computational cells. The neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other hormones produced by melanocytes make them part of the skin’s well-orchestrated and complex neuroendocrine network, counteracting environmental stressors. Melanocytes can also actively mediate the epidermal immune response. Melanocytes are equipped with ectopic sensory systems similar to the eye and nose and can sense light and odor. The ubiquitous inner circadian rhythm controls the body’s basic physiological processes. Light not only affects skin photoaging, but also regulates inner circadian rhythms and communicates with the local neuroendocrine system. Do melanocytes “see” light and play a unique role in photoentrainment of the local circadian clock system? Why, then, are melanocytes responsible for so many mysterious functions? Do these complex functional devices work to maintain homeostasis locally and throughout the body? In addition, melanocytes have also been shown to be localized in internal sites such as the inner ear, brain, and heart, locations not stimulated by sunlight. Thus, what can the observation of extracutaneous melanocytes tell us about the “secret identity” of melanocytes? While the answers to some of these intriguing questions remain to be discovered, here we summarize and weave a thread around available data to explore the established and potential roles of melanocytes in the biological communication of skin and systemic homeostasis, and elaborate on important open issues and propose ways forward.
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147
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Amorphigenin from Amorpha fruticosa L. Root Extract Induces Autophagy-Mediated Melanosome Degradation in mTOR-Independent- and AMPK-Dependent Manner. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2856-2867. [PMID: 35877420 PMCID: PMC9318381 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the depigmentation effect of Amorpha fruticosa L. root extract (RE), an herbal medicine. A. fruticosa RE significantly induced depigmentation in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. Further, the RE decreased the protein levels of the melanosomal proteins Tyr and Pmel without decreasing their transcript levels. We found that MG132, a proteasome complex inhibitor, was unable to rescue the protein levels, but PepA/E-64D (a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor), 3-MA (a representative autophagy inhibitor), and ATG5 knockdown effectively rescued the protein levels and inhibited the depigmentation effect following RE treatment. Among rotenoids, amorphigenin composed in the RE was identified as a functional chemical that could induce depigmentation; whereas rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and a nonselective autophagy inducer, could not induce depigmentation, and amorphigenin effectively induced depigmentation through the degradation of melanosomal proteins. Amorphigenin activated AMPK without affecting mTOR, and knockdown of AMPK offset the whitening effect through degradation of melanosome proteins by amorphigenin. Results from this study suggested that amorphigenin can induce degradation of the melanosome through an AMPK-dependent autophagy process, and has the potential to be used as a depigmentation agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
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148
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Ng MF, Simmons JL, Boyle GM. Heterogeneity in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3030. [PMID: 35740696 PMCID: PMC9221188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that tumour heterogeneity has an imperative role in cancer development, evolution and resistance to therapy. Continuing advancements in biomedical research enable tumour heterogeneity to be observed and studied more critically. As one of the most heterogeneous human cancers, melanoma displays a high level of biological complexity during disease progression. However, much is still unknown regarding melanoma tumour heterogeneity, as well as the role it plays in disease progression and treatment response. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the importance of tumour heterogeneity in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Simmons
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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149
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Amjadian S, Moradi S, Mohammadi P. The emerging therapeutic targets for scar management: genetic and epigenetic landscapes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 35:247-265. [PMID: 35696989 PMCID: PMC9533440 DOI: 10.1159/000524990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Wound healing is a complex process including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling during which an orchestrated array of biological and molecular events occurs to promote skin regeneration. Abnormalities in each step of the wound healing process lead to reparative rather than regenerative responses, thereby driving the formation of cutaneous scar. Patients suffering from scars represent serious health problems such as contractures, functional and esthetic concerns as well as painful, thick, and itchy complications, which generally decrease the quality of life and impose high medical costs. Therefore, therapies reducing cutaneous scarring are necessary to improve patients' rehabilitation. Summary Current approaches to remove scars, including surgical and nonsurgical methods, are not efficient enough, which is in principle due to our limited knowledge about underlying mechanisms of pathological as well as the physiological wound healing process. Thus, therapeutic interventions focused on basic science including genetic and epigenetic knowledge are recently taken into consideration as promising approaches for scar management since they have the potential to provide targeted therapies and improve the conventional treatments as well as present opportunities for combination therapy. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in skin regenerative medicine through genetic and epigenetic approaches to achieve novel insights for the development of safe, efficient, and reproducible therapies and discuss promising approaches for scar management. Key Message Genetic and epigenetic regulatory switches are promising targets for scar management, provided the associated challenges are to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amjadian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- *Parvaneh Mohammadi,
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Successful Repigmentation of Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Fraser’s Dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121482. [PMID: 35739819 PMCID: PMC9219537 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) exhibit the capability to restore nearly normal pigmentation after full-thickness wounding. However, the association among melanocytes, melanin and skin pigmentation during wound healing in cetaceans has yet to be addressed. Here, the number of melanocytes and the distribution of melanocytes and melanin in different-colored skin and different wound-healing stages in Fraser’s dolphins were analyzed by using Fontana–Masson staining, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining. It was noticed that there was the highest number of melanocytes in dark skin and the lowest number of melanocytes in white skin. The appearance of functional melanocytes and full-melanized neoepidermis was observed in the early stage of wound healing in Fraser’s dolphins. Furthermore, the melanocyte number and skin pigmentation and pattern in healed wounds recovered to a similar condition of unwounded skin. This study provides fundamental knowledge of skin repigmentation in cetaceans for further research, and it will be warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of the replenishment of melanocytes and the regulation of melanocyte activity that contribute to the successful repigmentation in cetacean skin wounds.
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