101
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The Role of Platelets in Antimicrobial Host Defense. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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102
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Heil M, Vega-Muñoz I. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Mammals and Plants: Facts and Caveats. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:225-285. [PMID: 30904194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of nucleic acids in aberrant compartments is a signal of danger: fragments of cytosolic or extracellular self-DNA indicate cellular dysfunctions or disruption, whereas cytosolic fragments of nonself-DNA or RNA indicate infections. Therefore, nucleic acids trigger immunity in mammals and plants. In mammals, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense single-stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds) RNA or CpG-rich DNA, whereas various cytosolic receptors sense dsDNA. Although a self/nonself discrimination could favor targeted immune responses, no sequence-specific sensing of nucleic acids has been reported for mammals. Specific immune responses to extracellular self-DNA versus DNA from related species were recently reported for plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The subcellular localization of mammalian receptors can favor self/nonself discrimination based on the localization of DNA fragments. However, autoantibodies and diverse damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) shuttle DNA through membranes, and most of the mammalian receptors share downstream signaling elements such as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the master transcription regulators, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The resulting type I interferon (IFN) response stimulates innate immunity against multiple threats-from infection to physical injury or endogenous DNA damage-all of which lead to the accumulation of eDNA or cytoplasmatic dsDNA. Therefore, no or only low selective pressures might have favored a strict self/nonself discrimination in nucleic acid sensing. We conclude that the discrimination between self- and nonself-DNA is likely to be less strict-and less important-than assumed originally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heil
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Kragstrup TW, Andersen T, Heftdal LD, Hvid M, Gerwien J, Sivakumar P, Taylor PC, Senolt L, Deleuran B. The IL-20 Cytokine Family in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2226. [PMID: 30319661 PMCID: PMC6167463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the IL-20 family of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloartrhitits (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis. The IL-20 receptor (R) cytokines IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 are produced in both the peripheral blood and the synovial joint and are induced by Toll-like receptor ligands and autoantibody-associated immune complexes in monocytes. IL-19 seems to have anti-inflammatory functions in arthritis. In contrast, IL-20 and IL-24 increase the production of proinflammatory molecules such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and are associated with bone degradation and radiographic progression. IL-22 is also associated with progression of bone erosions. This suggests that the IL-22RA1 subunit shared by IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 is important for bone homeostasis. In line with this, the IL-22RA1 has been found on preosteoclasts in early RA. IL-26 is produced in high amounts by myofibroblasts and IL-26 stimulation of monocytes is an important inducer of Th17 cells in RA. This indicates a role for IL-26 as an important factor in the interactions between resident synovial cells and infiltrating leukocytes. Clinical trials that investigate inhibitors of IL-20 (fletikumab) and IL-22 (fezakinumab) in psoriasis and RA have been terminated. Instead, it seems that the strategy for modulating the IL-20 cytokine family should take the overlap in cellular sources and effector mechanisms into account. The redundancy encourages inhibition of more than one cytokine or one of the shared receptors. All IL-20 family members utilize the Janus kinase signaling pathway and are therefore potentially inhibited by drugs targeting these enzymes. Effects and adverse effects in ongoing clinical trials with inhibitors of IL-22 and the IL-22RA1 subunit and recombinant IL-22 fusion proteins will possibly provide important information about the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line D Heftdal
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Pallavur Sivakumar
- Immuno Oncology Translational Development, Celgene Corportation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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104
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Vasilchenko AS, Gritsenko VA, Kosyan DB, Rogozhin EA. A Low-Molecular-Weight Compound Derived from Human Leukocytes Determines a Bactericidal Activity of the Interferon Preparation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:999-1008. [PMID: 30215182 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and mode of action of antimicrobials derived from a commercial preparation of alfa-interferon. By combination of semi-preparative/analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we isolated and purified a novel active substance based on carbohydrate with a complex of amino acids, which determines antimicrobial property of commercial preparation of interferon. A size-exclusion chromatography was performed and LC/ESI-MS revealed molecular masses of active substance were in the range of 180-249 Da. Edman sequencing identified phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives which consisted a set of preliminary (Asp, Glu, Gly, and Ala) and minor amino acids (Leu and Thr) at equimolar ratio. Thus, the purified active substance is a compound containing the complex of amino acids connected with carbohydrate background and called leucidin. Leucidin demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the model Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 strain at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 20 μg mL-1. The revealed antimicrobial mechanism of action is associated with violation of the bacterial cell wall leading to a SOS response and bacterial autolysis. Despite the preliminary nature of the results, obtained data allowed us to discover the previously unknown leukocyte-derived antimicrobial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Vasilchenko
- Tyumen State University, Volodarsky st 6, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
| | - V A Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, RAS, Pionerskaya st 11, Orenburg, Russian Federation
| | - D B Kosyan
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies, RAS, Yanvarya st 9, Orenburg, Russia
| | - E A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, Moscow, Russian Federation
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105
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Chang SL, Hsiao YW, Tsai YN, Lin SF, Liu SH, Lin YJ, Lo LW, Chung FP, Chao TF, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Liao JN, Hsieh YC, Wu TJ, Higa S, Chen SA. Interleukin-17 enhances cardiac ventricular remodeling via activating MAPK pathway in ischemic heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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106
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Savchenko L, Mykytiuk M, Cinato M, Tronchere H, Kunduzova O, Kaidashev I. IL-26 in the induced sputum is associated with the level of systemic inflammation, lung functions and body weight in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2569-2575. [PMID: 30197513 PMCID: PMC6113910 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s164833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammatory process is the main link in COPD pathogenesis, which causes structural changes in the respiratory tract and lungs. In overweight patients, an adipose tissue could contribute to activation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, it is highly important to identify potential biomarkers of inflammation for patients with COPD and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin-26 (IL-26) and evaluate the relationship between the level of systemic inflammation, lung function, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with COPD. Patients and methods Eighty-three patients with COPD in the stable condition (stage 2 according to the 2016 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommendations), aged 40-70 years, were included in the study. All patients were divided into 2 groups: obese (n=53) (BMI - 30.0-39.9 kg/m2) and non-obese (n=30) (BMI - 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). We conducted patients' examination, spirometry, induced the sputum, determined the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin in serum and IL-26 in sputum. Results Obese and non-obese COPD patients had a significant increase in IL-26 compared with healthy subjects by 2.3 and 2.6 (P=0.0003). We also observed a higher level of CRP by 1.38 times (P=0.0008), compared with the rate in non-obese COPD patients, and by 1.8 times (P=0.015) higher concentration level of leptin compared with healthy subjects. The sputum IL-26 level had positive correlation with BMI, CRP, and leptin, and a negative - with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity. Leptin level had positive correlation with BMI and CRP, and negative with FEV1, FEV1/forced vital capacity. Conclusion Obese COPD patients had a higher level of persistent systemic inflammation than non-obese ones, which is confirmed by a significant increase of CRP and leptin in serum. The data confirm that IL-26 can be considered as a perspective marker to detect the inflammation level in lung tissue of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Cinato
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Helene Tronchere
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Oxana Kunduzova
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Igor Kaidashev
- Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine,
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107
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Intestinal host defense outcome is dictated by PGE 2 production during efferocytosis of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8469-E8478. [PMID: 30127026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are terminated by the clearance of dead cells, a process termed efferocytosis. A consequence of efferocytosis is the synthesis of the antiinflammatory mediators TGF-β, PGE2, and IL-10; however, the efferocytosis of infected cells favors Th17 responses by eliciting the synthesis of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23. Recently, we showed that the efferocytosis of apoptotic Escherichia coli-infected macrophages by dendritic cells triggers PGE2 production in addition to pro-Th17 cytokine expression. We therefore examined the role of PGE2 during Th17 differentiation and intestinal pathology. The efferocytosis of apoptotic E. coli-infected cells by dendritic cells promoted high levels of PGE2, which impaired IL-1R expression via the EP4-PKA pathway in T cells and consequently inhibited Th17 differentiation. The outcome of murine intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection was dependent on the EP4 receptor. Infected mice treated with EP4 antagonist showed enhanced intestinal defense against C. rodentium compared with infected mice treated with vehicle control. Those results suggest that EP4 signaling during infectious colitis could be targeted as a way to enhance Th17 immunity and host defense.
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108
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Duran-Flores D, Heil M. Extracellular self-DNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that triggers self-specific immunity induction in plants. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 72:78-88. [PMID: 29042243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals sense self or non-self extracellular or extranuclear DNA fragments (hereinafter collectively termed eDNA) as indicators of injury or infection and respond with immunity. We hypothesised that eDNA acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) also in plants and that it contributes to self versus non-self discrimination. Treating plants and suspension-cultured cells of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with fragmented self eDNA (obtained from other plants of the same species) induced early, immunity-related signalling responses such as H2O2 generation and MAPK activation, decreased the infection by a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae) and increased an indirect defence to herbivores (extrafloral nectar secretion). By contrast, non-self DNA (obtained from lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus, and Acacia farnesiana) had significantly lower or no detectable effects. Only fragments below a size of 700 bp were active, and treating the eDNA preparation DNAse abolished its inducing effects, whereas treatment with RNAse or proteinase had no detectable effect. These findings indicate that DNA fragments, rather than small RNAs, single nucleotides or proteins, accounted for the observed effects. We suggest that eDNA functions a DAMP in plants and that plants discriminate self from non-self at a species-specific level. The immune systems of plants and mammals share multiple central elements, but further work will be required to understand the mechanisms and the selective benefits of an immunity response that is triggered by eDNA in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Duran-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Martin Heil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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109
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Niess JH, Hruz P, Kaymak T. The Interleukin-20 Cytokines in Intestinal Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1373. [PMID: 29967613 PMCID: PMC6015891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune/inflammatory intestinal diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, infectious gastrointestinal diseases, and gastrointestinal cancers, such as colorectal cancer, are worldwide a significant health problem. Intercellular communication and direct contact with the environment as the microbiota colonizes the gastrointestinal surface facilitates these diseases. Cytokines mediate the intercellular communication to maintain the equilibrium between host and environment and to regulate immune responses. One cytokine family that exchange information between immune cells and epithelial cells is the IL-20 cytokine family which includes the cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. These cytokines share common receptor subunits and signaling pathways. IL-22 is the most intensively studied cytokine within this family in contexts of gastrointestinal disease, but the importance of other family members is more and more appreciated. In this review, the potential function of IL-20 cytokines concerning gastrointestinal conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanay Kaymak
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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110
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Lee MW, Lee EY, Wong GCL. What Can Pleiotropic Proteins in Innate Immunity Teach Us about Bioconjugation and Molecular Design? Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2127-2139. [PMID: 29771496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A common bioengineering strategy to add function to a given molecule is by conjugation of a new moiety onto that molecule. Adding multiple functions in this way becomes increasingly challenging and leads to composite molecules with larger molecular weights. In this review, we attempt to gain a new perspective by looking at this problem in reverse, by examining nature's strategies of multiplexing different functions into the same pleiotropic molecule using emerging analysis techniques such as machine learning. We concentrate on examples from the innate immune system, which employs a finite repertoire of molecules for a broad range of tasks. An improved understanding of how diverse functions are multiplexed into a single molecule can inspire new approaches for the deterministic design of multifunctional molecules.
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111
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Brunner PM, Israel A, Zhang N, Leonard A, Wen HC, Huynh T, Tran G, Lyon S, Rodriguez G, Immaneni S, Wagner A, Zheng X, Estrada YD, Xu H, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is characterized by T H2/T H17/T H22-centered inflammation and lipid alterations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2094-2106. [PMID: 29731129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although atopic dermatitis (AD) often starts in early childhood, detailed tissue profiling of early-onset AD in children is lacking, hindering therapeutic development for this patient population with a particularly high unmet need for better treatments. OBJECTIVE We sought to globally profile the skin of infants with AD compared with that of adults with AD and healthy control subjects. METHODS We performed microarray, RT-PCR, and fluorescence microscopy studies in infants and young children (<5 years old) with early-onset AD (<6 months disease duration) compared with age-matched control subjects and adults with longstanding AD. RESULTS Transcriptomic analyses revealed profound differences between pediatric patients with early-onset versus adult patients with longstanding AD in not only lesional but also nonlesional tissues. Although both patient populations harbored TH2-centered inflammation, pediatric AD also showed significant TH17/TH22 skewing but lacked the TH1 upregulation that characterizes adult AD. Pediatric AD exhibited relatively normal expression of epidermal differentiation and cornification products, which is downregulated in adults with AD. Defects in the lipid barrier (eg, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 [ELOVL3] and diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 2 [DGAT2]) and tight junction regulation (eg, claudins 8 and 23) were evident in both groups. However, some lipid-associated mediators (eg, fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2 and fatty acid 2-hydroxylase) showed preferential downregulation in pediatric AD, and lipid barrier genes (FA2H and DGAT2) showed inverse correlations with transepidermal water loss, a functional measure of the epidermal barrier. CONCLUSIONS Skin samples from children and adult patients with AD share lipid metabolism and tight junction alterations, but epidermal differentiation complex defects are only present in adult AD, potentially resulting from chronic immune aberration that is not yet present in early-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ariel Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Leonard
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Huei-Chi Wen
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thy Huynh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Gary Tran
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sarah Lyon
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Giselle Rodriguez
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Supriya Immaneni
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Annette Wagner
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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112
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Caparrós E, Francés R. The Interleukin-20 Cytokine Family in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1155. [PMID: 29892294 PMCID: PMC5985367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The three main causes of inflammation and chronic injury in the liver are viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, all of which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which in turn may prompt the need for liver transplant. The interleukin (IL)-20 is a subfamily part of the IL-10 family of cytokines that helps the liver respond to damage and disease, they participate in the control of tissue homeostasis, and in the immunological responses developed in this organ. The best-studied member of the family in inflammatory balance of the liver is the IL-22 cytokine, which on the one hand may have a protective role in fibrosis progression but on the other may induce liver tissue susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Other members of the family might also carry out this dual function, as some of them share IL receptor subunits and signal through common intracellular pathways. Investigators are starting to consider the potential for targeting IL-20 subfamily members in liver disease. The recently explored role of miRNA in the transcriptional regulation of IL-22 and IL-24 opens the door to promising new approaches for controlling the local immune response and limiting organ injury. The IL-20RA cytokine receptor has also been classified as being under miRNA control in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, researchers have proposed combining anti-inflammatory drugs with IL-22 as a hepatoprotective IL for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) treatment, and clinical trials of ILs for managing severe alcoholic-derived liver degeneration are ongoing. In this review, we focus on exploring the role of the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines in viral hepatitis, ALD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as delineating the main strategies explored so far in terms of therapeutic possibilities of the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Caparrós
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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113
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Can IL-23 be a good target for ulcerative colitis? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 32-33:95-102. [PMID: 30060945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A considerable percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) do not respond to therapies, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs and vedolizumab, or lose response over time. Hence the continuing need to find new therapeutic strategies and novel drugs to control this chronic debilitating disease. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-23 and T helper (Th) 17 cell cytokines have been found in intestinal mucosa, plasma, and serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL23-blocking has been shown to reduce the severity of inflammation in experimental colitis. Lastly, ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has showed good efficacy and safety profile in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This review aims to discuss the available data on IL-23 and Th17 cell pathways in UC, in order to define the role of IL-23 as possible target for the treatment of UC.
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114
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The neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine interleukin-26 in the airways of long-term tobacco smokers. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:959-983. [PMID: 29780024 PMCID: PMC6365630 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term tobacco smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic bronchitis display an excessive accumulation of neutrophils in the airways; an inflammation that responds poorly to established therapy. Thus, there is a need to identify new molecular targets for the development of effective therapy. Here, we hypothesized that the neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine interleukin (IL)-26 (IL-26) is involved in airway inflammation amongst long-term tobacco smokers with or without COPD, chronic bronchitis or colonization by pathogenic bacteria. By analyzing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchail wash (BW) and induced sputum (IS) samples, we found increased extracellular IL-26 protein in the airways of long-term smokers in vivo without further increase amongst those with clinically stable COPD. In human alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro, the exposure to water-soluble tobacco smoke components (WTC) enhanced IL-26 gene and protein. In this cell model, the same exposure increased gene expression of the IL-26 receptor complex (IL10R2 and IL20R1) and nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB); a proven regulator of IL-26 production. In the same cell model, recombinant human IL-26 in vitro caused a concentration-dependent increase in the gene expression of NF-κB and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the long-term smokers, we also observed that extracellular IL-26 protein in BAL samples correlates with measures of lung function, tobacco load, and several markers of neutrophil accumulation. Extracellular IL-26 was further increased in long-term smokers with exacerbations of COPD (IS samples), with chronic bronchitis (BAL samples ) or with colonization by pathogenic bacteria (IS and BW samples). Thus, IL-26 in the airways emerges as a promising target for improving the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind several pulmonary morbidities in long-term tobacco smokers.
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115
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Satpathy AT, Saligrama N, Buenrostro JD, Wei Y, Wu B, Rubin AJ, Granja JM, Lareau CA, Li R, Qi Y, Parker KR, Mumbach MR, Serratelli WS, Gennert DG, Schep AN, Corces MR, Khodadoust MS, Kim YH, Khavari PA, Greenleaf WJ, Davis MM, Chang HY. Transcript-indexed ATAC-seq for precision immune profiling. Nat Med 2018; 24:580-590. [PMID: 29686426 PMCID: PMC5948148 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells create vast amounts of diversity in the genes that encode their T cell receptors (TCRs), which enables individual clones to recognize specific peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands. Here we combined sequencing of the TCR-encoding genes with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis at the single-cell level to provide information on the TCR specificity and epigenomic state of individual T cells. By using this approach, termed transcript-indexed ATAC-seq (T-ATAC-seq), we identified epigenomic signatures in immortalized leukemic T cells, primary human T cells from healthy volunteers and primary leukemic T cells from patient samples. In peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals, we identified cis and trans regulators of naive and memory T cell states and found substantial heterogeneity in surface-marker-defined T cell populations. In patients with a leukemic form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, T-ATAC-seq enabled identification of leukemic and nonleukemic regulatory pathways in T cells from the same individual by allowing separation of the signals that arose from the malignant clone from the background T cell noise. Thus, T-ATAC-seq is a new tool that enables analysis of epigenomic landscapes in clonal T cells and should be valuable for studies of T cell malignancy, immunity and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman T Satpathy
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuning Wei
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beijing Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Granja
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William S Serratelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David G Gennert
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alicia N Schep
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Youn H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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116
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Woetmann A, Alhede M, Dabelsteen S, Bjarnsholt T, Rybtke M, Nastasi C, Krejsgaard T, Andersen MH, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Givskov M, Odum N. Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is a novel anti-microbial peptide produced by T cells in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19481-19489. [PMID: 29731960 PMCID: PMC5929403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial peptides are produced at outer and inner surfaces by epithelia and innate immune cells in response to bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus is an enterotoxin producing, Gram-positive pathogen, which is a major cause of soft tissue infections and life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis. Here we show that (i) skin T cells in chronic wounds infected with S. aureus express interleukin-26 (IL-26) in situ, (ii) staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) trigger IL-26 expression in T cell lines and primary skin T cells, and (iii) IL-26 triggers death and inhibits biofilm formation and growth of S. aureus. Thus, we provide novel evidence that IL-26 is an anti-microbial peptide produced by T cells in response to SE. Accordingly, we propose that IL-26 producing T cells take part in the innate immune response to SE producing S. aureus and thus play a novel role in the primary innate immune defense in addition to their classical role in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Alhede
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Niels Odum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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117
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Caiazzo G, Di Caprio R, Lembo S, Raimondo A, Scala E, Patruno C, Balato A. IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis: Resource in a state of readiness. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:681-684. [PMID: 29498775 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), highlighting its' contribute in the cytotoxic mechanism responsible for the tissue injury. IL-26 is a signature Th17 cytokine, and immune cells are its predominant sources. Recently, it has shown that Th17 cell-derived-IL-26 functions like an antimicrobial peptide. Here, we hypothesized that IL-26 could be involved in cytotoxicity mechanism that underlies ACD. Indeed, we have attributed a role to IL-26 in this context, through PBMC cytotoxicity assays vs HaCat. To demonstrate that IL-26 was effectively involved in this activity, we performed the assay using transfected ACD PBMCs by siRNA for IL-26. Indeed, we demonstrated that these cells were less able to kill keratinocytes compared with ACD PBMCs (P < .01). In conclusion, our findings support the idea that this emergent cytokine, IL-26, is implicated in the killing mechanisms of KC observed during ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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118
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Burstein VL, Guasconi L, Beccacece I, Theumer MG, Mena C, Prinz I, Cervi L, Herrero M, Masih DT, Chiapello LS. IL-17-Mediated Immunity Controls Skin Infection and T Helper 1 Response during Experimental Microsporum canis Dermatophytosis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1744-1753. [PMID: 29571944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite worldwide prevalence of superficial mycoses, the immune response in dermatophytosis has scarcely been investigated. In this study, we developed a model of superficial skin infection in C57BL/6 mice with Microsporum canis, a highly prevalent human pathogen. This model mimics mild inflammatory human dermatophytosis, characterized by neutrophil recruitment and fungal invasion limited to the epidermis and exhibits the establishment of a specific T helper type 17 immune response during infection. By using IL-17RA- or IL-17A/F-deficient mice we showed that, in the absence of a functional IL-17 pathway, M. canis extensively colonizes the epidermis and promotes an exaggerated skin inflammation and a shift to an IFN-γ-mediated (T helper type 1) response. IL-17 signaling was not involved in neutrophil influx to skin or fungal invasion to deeper tissues. Finally, this study shows that skin langerin-expressing cells contribute to the antifungal T helper type 17 response in vivo. In conclusion, these data directly show a dual function of IL-17 cytokines in dermatophytosis by controlling superficial infection and down-modulating a T helper type 1 antifungal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica L Burstein
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lorena Guasconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Beccacece
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin G Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian Mena
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Diana T Masih
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura S Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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119
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Megna M, Balato A, Raimondo A, Balato N. Guselkumab for the treatment of psoriasis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:459-468. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1445223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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120
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Lee EY, Lee MW, Wong GCL. Modulation of toll-like receptor signaling by antimicrobial peptides. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:173-184. [PMID: 29432957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are typically thought of as molecular hole punchers that directly kill pathogens by membrane permeation. However, recent work has shown that AMPs are pleiotropic, multifunctional molecules that can strongly modulate immune responses. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the immunomodulatory properties of natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides, with a special focus on human cathelicidin and defensins. We also summarize the various mechanisms of AMP immune modulation and outline key structural rules underlying the recently-discovered phenomenon of AMP-mediated Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. In particular, we describe several complementary studies demonstrating how AMPs self-assemble with nucleic acids to form nanocrystalline complexes that amplify TLR-mediated inflammation. In a broader scope, we discuss how this new conceptual framework allows for the prediction of immunomodulatory behavior in AMPs, how the discovery of hidden antimicrobial activity in known immune signaling proteins can inform these predictions, and how these findings reshape our understanding of AMPs in normal host defense and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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121
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Steffen S, Abraham S, Herbig M, Schmidt F, Blau K, Meisterfeld S, Beissert S, Guck J, Günther C. Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Upregulation of CXCL16 in Psoriasis Orchestrates Neutrophil Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:344-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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122
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Abstract
Whooping cough is a highly contagious, acute respiratory disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis (Bp). Despite the introduction and widespread use of vaccines starting in the 1950s pertussis cases continue to be reported, with a significant global impact. The role of specific virulence factors in disease and the immune mechanisms associated with protection following natural infection or vaccination are still not completely understood. The recently-developed baboon model of clinical pertussis provides a valuable tool for the study of pertussis. Baboons infected with B. pertussis exhibit all of the manifestations of human pertussis including paroxysmal coughing, mucus production, leukocytosis and transmission. The establishment of this model provides the opportunity to address unanswered questions about the natural progression of this disease and host responses to infection and vaccination in a very relevant model. In this review, we present an overview of our knowledge of pertussis along with recent advances resulting from use of the baboon model. Remaining questions and future research directions are discussed. We hope that the knowledge gained through use of the baboon model of pertussis and clinical studies will allow the development of more efficacious vaccines, conferring long lasting protection against disease and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta V Pinto
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tod J Merkel
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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123
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Mukherjee SP, Bondarenko O, Kohonen P, Andón FT, Brzicová T, Gessner I, Mathur S, Bottini M, Calligari P, Stella L, Kisin E, Shvedova A, Autio R, Salminen-Mankonen H, Lahesmaa R, Fadeel B. Macrophage sensing of single-walled carbon nanotubes via Toll-like receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1115. [PMID: 29348435 PMCID: PMC5773626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to trigger inflammation. However, how these materials are 'sensed' by immune cells is not known. Here we compared the effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Genome-wide transcriptomics assessment was performed at sub-cytotoxic doses. Pathway analysis of the microarray data revealed pronounced effects on chemokine-encoding genes in macrophages exposed to SWCNTs, but not in response to GO, and these results were validated by multiplex array-based cytokine and chemokine profiling. Conditioned medium from SWCNT-exposed cells acted as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells. Chemokine secretion was reduced upon inhibition of NF-κB, as predicted by upstream regulator analysis of the transcriptomics data, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecule, MyD88 were shown to be important for CCL5 secretion. Moreover, a specific role for TLR2/4 was confirmed by using reporter cell lines. Computational studies to elucidate how SWCNTs may interact with TLR4 in the absence of a protein corona suggested that binding is guided mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results imply that CNTs may be 'sensed' as pathogens by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando T Andón
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, 20089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Táňa Brzicová
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Gessner
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00173, Italy.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Anna Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.,Department Pharmacology & Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Salminen-Mankonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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124
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Scanning the Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010179. [PMID: 29316717 PMCID: PMC5796128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, the immunologic model of which has been profoundly revised following recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology. In the current model, a crosstalk between keratinocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, T cells, and dendritic cells is thought to create inflammatory and pro-proliferative circuits mediated by chemokines and cytokines. Various triggers, including recently identified autoantigens, Toll-like receptor agonists, chemerin, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin may activate the pathogenic cascade resulting in enhanced production of pro-inflammatory and proliferation-inducing mediators such as interleukin (IL)-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-23, IL-22, interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ by immune cells. Among these key cytokines lie therapeutic targets for currently approved antipsoriatic therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the immune-mediated mechanisms characterizing the current pathogenic model of psoriasis.
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125
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Bao A, Che KF, Bozinovski S, Ji J, Gregory JA, Kumlien Georén S, Adner M, Cardell LO, Lindén A. Recombinant human IL-26 facilitates the innate immune response to endotoxin in the bronchoalveolar space of mice in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188909. [PMID: 29206862 PMCID: PMC5716532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-26 is released in response to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in the bronchoalveolar space of humans in vivo and it may potentiate neutrophil chemotaxis by enhanced IL-26 receptor stimulation. However, the effects of extracellular IL-26 protein on the innate immune response in the lungs in vivo remain unknown. Here, we characterized these effects of IL-26 on a wide range of aspects of the innate immune response to LPS in different compartments of the lungs in vivo over time. We administrated recombinant human (rh) IL-26 protein in the bronchoalveolar space using intranasal instillation in a mouse in vivo model, with and without prior instillation of LPS. We verified gene expression of the IL-26 receptor complex in mouse lungs and observed that, after instillation of LPS, rhIL-26 increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, a signaling molecule of the IL-26 receptor complex. We also observed that rhIL-26 exerted additional stimulatory and inhibitory actions that are compartment- and time-dependent, resulting in alterations of cytokines, proteinases, tissue inflammation and the accumulation of innate effector cells. Without the prior instillation of LPS, rhIL-26 exerted time-dependent effects on total gelatinase activity but few other effects. Most important, after instillation of LPS, rhIL-26 cleared inflammatory cells from local tissue and increased the accumulation of innate effector cells in the bronchoalveolar space. Tentatively, rhIL-26 may facilitate the innate immune response towards the bronchoalveolar space in vivo and represents a potential target for therapy in lung disorders involving the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Bao
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Karlhans Fru Che
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jie Ji
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua A Gregory
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kempski J, Brockmann L, Gagliani N, Huber S. T H17 Cell and Epithelial Cell Crosstalk during Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1373. [PMID: 29118756 PMCID: PMC5660962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is colonized by hundreds of different species of commensal bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, the intestinal immune system is constantly being challenged by foreign antigens. The immune system, the commensal microbiota, and the intestinal epithelial surface have to maintain a tight balance to guarantee defense against potential pathogens and to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions at the same time. Failure of these mechanisms can lead to a vicious cycle in which a perpetual tissue damage/repair process results in a pathological reorganization of the normal mucosal surface. This dysregulation of the intestine is considered to be one of the underlying causes for both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. TH17 cells have been associated with immune-mediated diseases, such as IBD, since their discovery in 2005. Upon mucosal damage, these cells are induced by a combination of different cytokines, such as IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β. TH17 cells are crucial players in the defense against extracellular pathogens and have various mechanisms to fulfill their function. They can activate and attract phagocytic cells. Additionally, TH17 cells can induce the release of anti-microbial peptides from non-immune cells, such as epithelial cells. The flip side of the coin is the strong potential of TH17 cells to be pro-inflammatory and promote pathogenicity. TH17 cells have been linked to both mucosal regeneration and inflammation. In turn, these cells and their cytokines emerged as potential therapeutic targets both for inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the TH17 cell-enterocyte crosstalk and give an overview of its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kempski
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine Solna (MedS), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100303. [PMID: 29048384 PMCID: PMC5691654 DOI: 10.3390/v9100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.
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128
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Girolomoni G, Strohal R, Puig L, Bachelez H, Barker J, Boehncke W, Prinz J. The role of IL-23 and the IL-23/T H 17 immune axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1616-1626. [PMID: 28653490 PMCID: PMC5697699 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and up to 2.2% of the UK population. The aetiology of psoriasis is thought to originate from an interplay of genetic, environmental, infectious and lifestyle factors. The manner in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to the molecular disease mechanisms has remained elusive. However, the interleukin 23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 (TH 17) immune axis has been identified as a major immune pathway in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. Central to this pathway is the cytokine IL-23, a heterodimer composed of a p40 subunit also found in IL-12 and a p19 subunit exclusive to IL-23. IL-23 is important for maintaining TH 17 responses, and levels of IL-23 are elevated in psoriatic skin compared with non-lesional skin. A number of agents that specifically inhibit IL-23p19 are currently in development for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, with recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy with a good safety and tolerability profile. These data support the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A better understanding of the IL-23/TH 17 immune axis is vital and will promote the development of additional targets for psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases that share similar genetic aetiology and pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Girolomoni
- Section of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - R. Strohal
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyFederal Academic Teaching Hospital of FeldkirchFeldkirchAustria
| | - L. Puig
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - H. Bachelez
- Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Department of DermatologyHôpital Saint‐LouisAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)ParisFrance
- UMR INSERM U1163Institut ImagineParisFrance
| | - J. Barker
- St John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - W.H. Boehncke
- Division of DermatologyGeneva University HospitalsDepartment of Pathology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - J.C. Prinz
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
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IL26 modulates cytokine response and anti-TNF consumption in Crohn’s disease patients with bacterial DNA. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1227-1236. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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130
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Forschungspreis zur Förderung der experimentellen Dermatologie - Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft verleiht Oscar-Gans-Preis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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131
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Agak GW, Kao S, Ouyang K, Qin M, Moon D, Butt A, Kim J. Phenotype and Antimicrobial Activity of Th17 Cells Induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains Associated with Healthy and Acne Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:316-324. [PMID: 28864077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the human skin microbiome suggest that Propionibacterium acnes strains may contribute differently to skin health and disease. However, the immune phenotype and functions of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells induced by healthy (PH) versus acne (PA) skin-associated P. acnes strains are currently unknown. We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and observed that PA strains induce higher IL-17 levels than PH strains. We next generated PH and PA strain-specific Th17 clones and show that P. acnes strains induce Th17 cells of varied phenotype and function that are stable in the presence of IL-2 and IL-23. Although PH- and PA-specific clones expressed similar levels of LL-37 and DEFB4, only PH-specific clones secreted molecules sufficient to kill P. acnes. Furthermore, electron microscopic studies showed that supernatants derived from activated PH and not PA-specific clones exhibited robust bactericidal activity against P. acnes, and complete breaches in the bacterial cell envelope were observed. This antimicrobial activity was independent of IL-26, because both natural IL-26 released by Th17 clones and rhIL-26 lacked antimicrobial potency against P. acnes. Overall, our data suggest that P. acnes strains may differentially modulate the CD4+ T-cell responses, leading to the generation of Th17 cells that may contribute to either homeostasis or acne pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Agak
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Stephanie Kao
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Ouyang
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Qin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Moon
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahsan Butt
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Kim
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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132
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Che KF, Kaarteenaho R, Lappi-Blanco E, Levänen B, Sun J, Wheelock Å, Palmberg L, Sköld CM, Lindén A. Interleukin-26 Production in Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Response to Viral Stimulation: Modulation by Th17 cytokines. Mol Med 2017; 23:247-257. [PMID: 28853490 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-26 is abundant in human airways and this cytokine is involved in the local immune response to a bacterial stimulus in vivo. Specifically, local exposure to the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist endotoxin does increase IL-26 in human airways and this cytokine potentiates chemotactic responses in human neutrophils. In addition to T-helper (Th) 17 cells, alveolar macrophages can produce IL-26, but it remains unknown whether this cytokine can also be produced in the airway mucosa per se in response to a viral stimulus. Here, we evaluated whether this is the case using primary bronchial epithelial cells from the airway epithelium in vitro, and exploring the signaling mechanisms involved, including the modulatory effects of additional Th17 cytokines. Finally, we assessed IL-26 and its archetype signaling responses in healthy human airways in vivo. We found increased transcription and release of IL-26 protein after stimulation with the viral-related double stranded (ds) RNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and showed that this IL-26 release involved mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). The release of IL-26 in response to a viral stimulus was modulated by additional Th17 cytokines. Moreover, there was transcription of IL26 mRNA and expression of the protein in epithelial cells of bronchial brush and tissue biopsies respectively after harvest in vivo. In addition, the extracellular IL-26 protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples did correlate with increased epithelial cell transcription of an archetype intracellular signaling molecule downstream of the IL-26-receptor complex, STAT1, in the bronchial brush biopsies. Thus, our study suggests that viral stimulation causes the production of IL-26 in lining epithelial cells of human airway structural cells that constitute a critical immune barrier and that this production is modulated by Th17 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlhans Fru Che
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Unit of Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, University of Eastern Finland and Center of Medicine and Clinical Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jitong Sun
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit. Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit. Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm.,Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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133
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Ciarlo E, Heinonen T, Théroude C, Herderschee J, Mombelli M, Lugrin J, Pfefferlé M, Tyrrell B, Lensch S, Acha-Orbea H, Le Roy D, Auwerx J, Roger T. Sirtuin 2 Deficiency Increases Bacterial Phagocytosis by Macrophages and Protects from Chronic Staphylococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1037. [PMID: 28894448 PMCID: PMC5581327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is one of the seven members of the family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuins target histones and non-histone proteins according to their subcellular localization, influencing various biological processes. SIRT2 resides mainly in the cytoplasm and regulates cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle, and metabolic pathways. As such, SIRT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, metabolic, oncologic, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This motivated the development of SIRT2-directed therapies for clinical purposes. However, the impact of SIRT2 on antimicrobial host defense is largely unknown. Here, we address this question using SIRT2 knockout mice. We show that SIRT2 is the most highly expressed sirtuin in myeloid cells, especially macrophages. SIRT2 deficiency does not affect immune cell development and marginally impacts on intracellular signaling and cytokine production by splenocytes and macrophages. However, SIRT2 deficiency enhances bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages. In line with these observations, in preclinical models, SIRT2 deficiency increases survival of mice with chronic staphylococcal infection, while having no effect on the course of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, LPS or TNF-induced shock, fulminant Escherichia coli peritonitis, sub-lethal Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, and chronic candidiasis. Altogether, these data support the safety profile of SIRT2 inhibitors under clinical development in terms of susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jacobus Herderschee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Mombelli
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lugrin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marc Pfefferlé
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tyrrell
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lensch
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
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134
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Kaabachi W, Bouali E, Berraïes A, Dhifallh IB, Hamdi B, Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A. Interleukin-26 is overexpressed in Behçet's disease and enhances Th17 related -cytokines. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:177-184. [PMID: 28811236 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the "triple symptom complex". Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly derived from the immune Th17 axis, seem to be involved in different pathogenic pathways leading to development of the clinical manifestations. Here, we have analyzed the expression and role of IL-26 in active BD patients, an inflammatory disorder characterized by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation. On this basis, the primary aim of our work was to study IL-26 levels in serum, BAL CSF) from active BD patients. Samples were collected from 95 BD patients (55 patients were in active stage) and 50 healthy controls (HC). They were investigated with ELISA for estimation of cytokines levels. Serum concentration of IL-26 resulted higher in both active [4.80±1.32] and inactive [2.77±1.026] BD than HC [0.31±0.14ng/ml; p<0.0001]. Level of IL-26 was associated with the BD clinical severity score from moderate to severe (P<0.0001). IL-26 was highly expressed in CSF [10.80±2.05ng/ml] and in BAL [12.89±3.03ng/ml] fluid from BD patients comparatively to their respective controls. IL-26 levels in CSF and in BAL fluid showed positive correlations with IL-17 level and an inversely correlation with IL-37. Interestingly, IL-26-stimulated CD4+ T cells and monocytes promote the generation of Th17 (IL-17A, IL-23) and suppress Treg (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines. Our findings may suggest a signature of IL-26 probably responsible for the inflammatory process to correlate positively with Th17 cytokines and inversely with Treg mediators. This evidence could contribute to improve the knowledge regarding the role of IL-26 in BD severity. For the first time, IL-26 expression is demonstrated in BAL and CSF, supporting a role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of BD. IL-26 thereby appears as a novel proinflammatory cytokine favoring the generation of Th17 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajih Kaabachi
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eya Bouali
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Berraïes
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Diseases, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Pavillon B, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Dhifallh
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Hamdi
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Diseases, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Pavillon B, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Agnès Hamzaoui
- Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression moléculaire des interactions cellulaires et leur mode de communication dans le poumon profond", A. Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Diseases, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Pavillon B, Ariana, Tunisia
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135
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Qiu X, Lv M, Jian X, Chen D, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. In vitro characterization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-26 in regulating inflammatory factors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:148-155. [PMID: 28495510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 26 (IL-26) gene has been identified in human, amphibian and teleost but not in rodents. It is well accepted that IL-26 was a crucial member of IL-10 family which acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in human. However, the role of IL-26 in regulating inflammation in lower vertebrates including teleost has not been defined yet. In the present study, grass carp IL-26 (gcIL-26) coding sequence was isolated and identified. Its chromosomal synteny was also analyzed, showing that gcIL-26 gene is flanked by IL-22 and IFN-γ genes with the same transcriptional orientation as seen in human, amphibian and zebrafish. Given that zebrafish and grass carp IL-26 shared relatively low amino acid identities with human IL-26, the functional roles of fish IL-26 are indispensable to be elucidated. Accordingly, recombinant gcIL-26 (rgcIL-26) was prepared by using Pichia pastoris expression system, and it was found to be partially glycosylated. Using grass carp head kidney leucocytes as cell model, rgcIL-26 displayed the bioactivity to stimulate the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6, while inhibit mRNA expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, rgcIL-26 also up-regulated inos expression and NO production in grass carp monocytes/macrophages, strengthening its pro-inflammatory properties in fish. Those results collectively demonstrated the functional role of IL-26 in regulating inflammatory response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Jian
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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136
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The IL-23/IL-17 axis is currently considered to be crucial in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Human IL-23 is primarily produced by antigen-presenting cells and induces and maintains differentiation of Th17 cells and Th22 cells, a primary cellular source of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22, which mediate the epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte immune activation and tissue inflammation inherent in psoriasis. Agents that target the p40 subunit common to both IL-12 and IL-23 have shown robust clinical activity, but selectivity for IL-23p19 could offer advantages in efficacy and safety with respect to anti-p40 blockade. Areas covered: Relevant references regarding the role of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis and clinical trials with IL-23p40 and IL-23p19 blocking agents were obtained through a literature search in MEDLINE/Pubmed for articles published until November 2016. Moreover, ongoing registered clinical trials (RCTs) of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis were searched through clinicaltrials.gov website, and a manual search was made for pertinent communications at the 2016 American Academy of Dermatology and European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology meetings. Expert commentary: There are potential advantages in selective blockade of the IL23-specific p19 subunit with respect to distal blockade of IL-17A or its receptor. Acting upstream in the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine pathway is likely to reduce the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines acting on keratinocytes -including IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22-, in addition to IL-17A. On the other hand, safety data thus far suggest that these drugs might be devoid of some adverse effects of IL-17A blockade that seem to be class related, such as mucocutaneous Candida infections or triggering or worsening of inflammatory bowel disease. Specific IL-23p19 blockade with high-affinity monoclonal antibodies seems to be able to induce long-term remissions of the activity in psoriasis and might eventually represent a paradigm change in the treatment of psoriasis. The results of phase III and comparative head-to-head trials with these agents are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Puig
- a Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
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137
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Kaplan A, Lee MW, Wolf AJ, Limon JJ, Becker CA, Ding M, Murali R, Lee EY, Liu GY, Wong GCL, Underhill DM. Direct Antimicrobial Activity of IFN-β. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:4036-4045. [PMID: 28411186 PMCID: PMC5469413 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are a cytokine family essential for antiviral defense. More recently, type I IFNs were shown to be important during bacterial infections. In this article, we show that, in addition to known cytokine functions, IFN-β is antimicrobial. Parts of the IFN-β molecular surface (especially helix 4) are cationic and amphipathic, both classic characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, and we observed that IFN-β can directly kill Staphylococcus aureus Further, a mutant S. aureus that is more sensitive to antimicrobial peptides was killed more efficiently by IFN-β than was the wild-type S. aureus, and immunoblotting showed that IFN-β interacts with the bacterial cell surface. To determine whether specific parts of IFN-β are antimicrobial, we synthesized IFN-β helix 4 and found that it is sufficient to permeate model prokaryotic membranes using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and that it is sufficient to kill S. aureus These results suggest that, in addition to its well-known signaling activity, IFN-β may be directly antimicrobial and be part of a growing family of cytokines and chemokines, called kinocidins, that also have antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andrea J Wolf
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Jose J Limon
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Courtney A Becker
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Minna Ding
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - George Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
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138
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Brockmann L, Giannou AD, Gagliani N, Huber S. Regulation of T H17 Cells and Associated Cytokines in Wound Healing, Tissue Regeneration, and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1033. [PMID: 28492497 PMCID: PMC5454945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a crucial process which protects our body against permanent damage and invasive infectious agents. Upon tissue damage, inflammation is an early event which is orchestrated by a multitude of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets including TH17 cells. TH17 cells and TH17 cell associated cytokines can impact wound healing positively by clearing pathogens and modulating mucosal surfaces and epithelial cells. Injury of the gut mucosa can cause fast expansion of TH17 cells and their induction from naïve T cells through Interleukin (IL)-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β signaling. TH17 cells produce various cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, and IL-22, which can promote cell survival and proliferation and thus tissue regeneration in several organs including the skin, the intestine, and the liver. However, TH17 cells are also potentially pathogenic if not tightly controlled. Failure of these control mechanisms can result in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and can ultimately promote carcinogenesis. Therefore, there are several mechanisms which control TH17 cells. One control mechanism is the regulation of TH17 cells via regulatory T cells and IL-10. This mechanism is especially important in the intestine to terminate immune responses and maintain homeostasis. Furthermore, TH17 cells have the potential to convert from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by changing their cytokine profile and acquiring IL-10 production, thereby limiting their own pathological potential. Finally, IL-22, a signature cytokine of TH17 cells, can be controlled by an endogenous soluble inhibitory receptor, Interleukin 22 binding protein (IL-22BP). During tissue injury, the production of IL-22 by TH17 cells is upregulated in order to promote tissue regeneration. To limit the regenerative program, which could promote carcinogenesis, IL-22BP is upregulated during the later phase of regeneration in order to terminate the effects of IL-22. This delicate balance secures the beneficial effects of IL-22 and prevents its potential pathogenicity. An important future goal is to understand the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of TH17 cells during inflammation, wound healing, and carcinogenesis in order to design targeted therapies for a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, and immune mediated inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Brockmann
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine Solna (MedS), Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stochkolm, Sweeden.
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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139
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Poli C, Augusto JF, Dauvé J, Adam C, Preisser L, Larochette V, Pignon P, Savina A, Blanchard S, Subra JF, Chevailler A, Procaccio V, Croué A, Créminon C, Morel A, Delneste Y, Fickenscher H, Jeannin P. IL-26 Confers Proinflammatory Properties to Extracellular DNA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3650-3661. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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140
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Yoder AC, Guo K, Dillon SM, Phang T, Lee EJ, Harper MS, Helm K, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, McCarter MD, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. The transcriptome of HIV-1 infected intestinal CD4+ T cells exposed to enteric bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006226. [PMID: 28241075 PMCID: PMC5344538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global transcriptome studies can help pinpoint key cellular pathways exploited by viruses to replicate and cause pathogenesis. Previous data showed that laboratory-adapted HIV-1 triggers significant gene expression changes in CD4+ T cell lines and mitogen-activated CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood. However, HIV-1 primarily targets mucosal compartments during acute infection in vivo. Moreover, early HIV-1 infection causes extensive depletion of CD4+ T cells in the gastrointestinal tract that herald persistent inflammation due to the translocation of enteric microbes to the systemic circulation. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of primary intestinal CD4+ T cells infected ex vivo with transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1. Infections were performed in the presence or absence of Prevotella stercorea, a gut microbe enriched in the mucosa of HIV-1-infected individuals that enhanced both TF HIV-1 replication and CD4+ T cell death ex vivo. In the absence of bacteria, HIV-1 triggered a cellular shutdown response involving the downregulation of HIV-1 reactome genes, while perturbing genes linked to OX40, PPAR and FOXO3 signaling. However, in the presence of bacteria, HIV-1 did not perturb these gene sets or pathways. Instead, HIV-1 enhanced granzyme expression and Th17 cell function, inhibited G1/S cell cycle checkpoint genes and triggered downstream cell death pathways in microbe-exposed gut CD4+ T cells. To gain insights on these differential effects, we profiled the gene expression landscape of HIV-1-uninfected gut CD4+ T cells exposed to bacteria. Microbial exposure upregulated genes involved in cellular proliferation, MAPK activation, Th17 cell differentiation and type I interferon signaling. Our findings reveal that microbial exposure influenced how HIV-1 altered the gut CD4+ T cell transcriptome, with potential consequences for HIV-1 susceptibility, cell survival and inflammation. The HIV-1- and microbe-altered pathways unraveled here may serve as a molecular blueprint to gain basic insights in mucosal HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson C. Yoder
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kejun Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Tzu Phang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- The Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Harper
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Karen Helm
- The Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLS); (CCW)
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLS); (CCW)
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141
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Abraham C, Dulai PS, Vermeire S, Sandborn WJ. Lessons Learned From Trials Targeting Cytokine Pathways in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:374-388.e4. [PMID: 27780712 PMCID: PMC5287922 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have provided important information for the development of therapeutics. Levels of interleukin 23 (IL23) and T-helper (Th) 17 cell pathway molecules are increased in inflamed intestinal tissues of patients with IBD. Loss-of-function variants of the IL23-receptor gene (IL23R) protect against IBD, and, in animals, blocking IL23 reduces the severity of colitis. These findings indicated that the IL23 and Th17 cell pathways might be promising targets for the treatment of IBD. Clinical trials have investigated the effects of agents designed to target distinct levels of the IL23 and Th17 cell pathways, and the results are providing insights into IBD pathogenesis and additional strategies for modulating these pathways. Strategies to reduce levels of proinflammatory cytokines more broadly and increase anti-inflammatory mechanisms also are emerging for the treatment of IBD. The results from trials targeting these immune system pathways have provided important lessons for future trials. Findings indicate the importance of improving approaches to integrate patient features and biomarkers of response with selection of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abraham
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Parambir S. Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA, USA
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142
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Ren W, Yin J, Xiao H, Chen S, Liu G, Tan B, Li N, Peng Y, Li T, Zeng B, Li W, Wei H, Yin Z, Wu G, Hardwidge PR, Yin Y. Intestinal Microbiota-Derived GABA Mediates Interleukin-17 Expression during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 7:685. [PMID: 28138329 PMCID: PMC5237640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has critical importance in pathogenesis of intestinal infection; however, the role of intestinal microbiota in intestinal immunity during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota is associated with intestinal interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in response to ETEC infection. Here, we found ETEC infection induced expression of intestinal IL-17 and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, increasing abundance of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Antibiotics treatment in mice lowered the expression of intestinal IL-17 during ETEC infection, while GABA or L. lactis subsp. lactis administration restored the expression of intestinal IL-17. L. lactis subsp. lactis administration also promoted expression of intestinal IL-17 in germ-free mice during ETEC infection. GABA enhanced intestinal IL-17 expression in the context of ETEC infection through activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling. GABA-mTORC1 signaling also affected intestinal IL-17 expression in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection and in drug-induced model of intestinal inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of intestinal GABA signaling in intestinal IL-17 expression during intestinal infection and indicate the potential of intestinal microbiota-GABA signaling in IL-17-associated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Philip R. Hardwidge
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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143
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Kim J, Krueger JG. Highly Effective New Treatments for Psoriasis Target the IL-23/Type 17 T Cell Autoimmune Axis. Annu Rev Med 2017; 68:255-269. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042915-103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065; ,
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065; ,
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144
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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145
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Pathogenesis and immunotherapy in cutaneous psoriasis: what can rheumatologists learn? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:71-78. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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146
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Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Signaling in Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:39-53. [PMID: 29178068 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in immune responses during the evolution. The present chapter systemically describes its role on immune-related diseases and its interaction on immune responses. It is important to explore the main function and mechanisms of mtDNA in immune responses by which mtDNA regulates the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 9, autophagy, and STING. There are potentials to discover therapeutic targets of mtDNA in immune diseases and inflammation. It will be more exciting if the CRISPR-Cas9 method can be applied for mtDNA gene editing to cure diseases and provide a novel insight of mtDNA in immune responses as well as new therapies.
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147
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Impact of the microbial derived short chain fatty acid propionate on host susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37944. [PMID: 27897220 PMCID: PMC5126587 DOI: 10.1038/srep37944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by intestinal microbes mediate anti-inflammatory effects, but whether they impact on antimicrobial host defenses remains largely unknown. This is of particular concern in light of the attractiveness of developing SCFA-mediated therapies and considering that SCFAs work as inhibitors of histone deacetylases which are known to interfere with host defenses. Here we show that propionate, one of the main SCFAs, dampens the response of innate immune cells to microbial stimulation, inhibiting cytokine and NO production by mouse or human monocytes/macrophages, splenocytes, whole blood and, less efficiently, dendritic cells. In proof of concept studies, propionate neither improved nor worsened morbidity and mortality parameters in models of endotoxemia and infections induced by gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Candida albicans. Moreover, propionate did not impair the efficacy of passive immunization and natural immunization. Therefore, propionate has no significant impact on host susceptibility to infections and the establishment of protective anti-bacterial responses. These data support the safety of propionate-based therapies, either via direct supplementation or via the diet/microbiota, to treat non-infectious inflammation-related disorders, without increasing the risk of infection.
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148
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Stephen-Victor E, Sharma VK, Das M, Karnam A, Saha C, Lecerf M, Galeotti C, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. IL-1β, But Not Programed Death-1 and Programed Death Ligand Pathway, Is Critical for the Human Th17 Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:465. [PMID: 27867382 PMCID: PMC5095489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The programed death-1 (PD-1)–programed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 co-inhibitory pathway has been implicated in the evasion strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, M. tuberculosis-induced PD-L1 orchestrates expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th1 response. However, the role of PD pathway in regulating Th17 response to M. tuberculosis has not been investigated. In the present report, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis and M. tuberculosis-derived antigen fractions have differential abilities to mediate human monocyte- and dendritic cell (DC)-mediated Th17 response and were independent of expression of PD-L1 or PD-L2 on aforementioned antigen-presenting cells. Importantly, we observed that blockade of PD-L1 or PD-1 did not significantly modify either the frequencies of Th17 cells or the production of IL-17 from CD4+ T cells though IFN-γ response was significantly enhanced. On the contrary, IL-1β from monocytes and DCs were critical for the Th17 response to M. tuberculosis. Together, our results indicate that IL-1β, but not members of the programed death pathway, is critical for human Th17 response to M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Varun Kumar Sharma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Anupama Karnam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Chaitrali Saha
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Lecerf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Galeotti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France; UMR S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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149
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Systems analysis uncovers inflammatory Th/Tc17-driven modules during acute GVHD in monkey and human T cells. Blood 2016; 128:2568-2579. [PMID: 27758873 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-726547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the central challenges of transplantation is the development of alloreactivity despite the use of multiagent immunoprophylaxis. Effective control of this immune suppression-resistant T-cell activation represents one of the key unmet needs in the fields of both solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). To address this unmet need, we have used a highly translational nonhuman primate (NHP) model to interrogate the transcriptional signature of T cells during breakthrough acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that occurs in the setting of clinically relevant immune suppression and compared this to the hyperacute GVHD, which develops in unprophylaxed or suboptimally prophylaxed transplant recipients. Our results demonstrate the complex character of the alloreactivity that develops during ongoing immunoprophylaxis and identify 3 key transcriptional hallmarks of breakthrough acute GVHD that are not observed in hyperacute GVHD: (1) T-cell persistence rather than proliferation, (2) evidence for highly inflammatory transcriptional programming, and (3) skewing toward a T helper (Th)/T cytotoxic (Tc)17 transcriptional program. Importantly, the gene coexpression profiles from human HCT recipients who developed GVHD while on immunosuppressive prophylactic agents recapitulated the patterns observed in NHP, and demonstrated an evolution toward a more inflammatory signature as time posttransplant progressed. These results strongly implicate the evolution of both inflammatory and interleukin 17-based immune pathogenesis in GVHD, and provide the first map of this evolving process in primates in the setting of clinically relevant immunomodulation. This map represents a novel transcriptomic resource for further systems-based efforts to study the breakthrough alloresponse that occurs posttransplant despite immunoprophylaxis and to develop evidence-based strategies for effective treatment of this disease.
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150
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Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:984-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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