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Yuan Y, Kong F, Xu H, Zhu A, Yan N, Yan C. Cryo-EM structure of human glucose transporter GLUT4. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2671. [PMID: 35562357 PMCID: PMC9106701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Its cellular trafficking is regulated by insulin signaling. Failed or reduced plasma membrane localization of GLUT4 is associated with diabetes. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human GLUT4 bound to a small molecule inhibitor cytochalasin B (CCB) at resolutions of 3.3 Å in both detergent micelles and lipid nanodiscs. CCB-bound GLUT4 exhibits an inward-open conformation. Despite the nearly identical conformation of the transmembrane domain to GLUT1, the cryo-EM structure reveals an extracellular glycosylation site and an intracellular helix that is invisible in the crystal structure of GLUT1. The structural study presented here lays the foundation for further mechanistic investigation of the modulation of GLUT4 trafficking. Our methods for cryo-EM analysis of GLUT4 will also facilitate structural determination of many other small size solute carriers. Small solute carriers remain difficult to study by single particle cryo-EM. Here, the authors report the cryo-EM structure of human insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 (55 kDa) without rigid soluble domains or binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Angqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Chuangye Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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102
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Prater MC, Scheurell AR, Paton CM, Cooper JA. Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:2060-2071. [PMID: 35511204 PMCID: PMC9449680 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing unsaturated fat intake is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but the type of unsaturated fat to recommend remains equivocal. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of an 8-week diet intervention that was rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) or olive oil (OO; MUFA rich) on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults. METHODS Forty-three men and women with hypercholesterolemia (53 ± 10 years; BMI, 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed this randomized parallel clinical trial consisting of an 8-week partial outpatient feeding intervention. Participants were given meals and snacks accounting for ∼60% of their daily energy needs, with 30% of energy needs from either CSO (n = 21) or OO (n = 22). At pre- and postdiet intervention visits, participants consumed a high-SFA meal (35% of total energy needs; 70% of energy from fat). The primary outcomes of fasting cholesterol profiles and secondary outcomes of postprandial blood lipids and glycemic markers were assessed over a 5-hour period. RESULTS There were greater reductions from baseline to week 8 in fasting serum total cholesterol (TC; -17.0 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -2.18 ± 3.72 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.008), LDL cholesterol (-19.7 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -5.72 ± 4.23 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.018), non-HDL cholesterol (-20.8 mg/dL ± 4.00 compared with -6.61 ± 4.01 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.014), and apoB (-11.8 mg/dL ± 2.37 compared with -3.10 ± 2.99 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.05), in CSO compared with OO. There were also visit effects from baseline to week 8 for increases in HDL cholesterol (CSO, 56.5 ± 2.79 mg/dL to 60.2 ± 3.35 mg/dL, respectively; OO: 59.7 ± 2.63 mg/dL to 64.1 ± 2.24 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), and decreases in the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio (CSO, 4.30 ± 0.27 mg/dL to 3.78 ± 0.27 mg/dL, respectively; OO, 3.94 ± 0.16 mg/dL to 3.57 ± 0.11 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of group assignment. In response to the high-SFA meal, there were differences in postprandial plasma glucose (P = 0.003) and triglyceride (P = 0.004) responses and a trend in nonesterified fatty acids (P = 0.11) between groups, showing protection in the postprandial state from an occasional high-SFA fat meal with CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment. CONCLUSIONS CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment caused substantial improvements in fasting and postprandial blood lipids and postprandial glycemia in hypercholesterolemic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04397055.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Prater
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alexis R Scheurell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Abdou HM, Hamaad FA, Ali EY, Ghoneum MH. Antidiabetic efficacy of Trifolium alexandrinum extracts hesperetin and quercetin in ameliorating carbohydrate metabolism and activating IR and AMPK signaling in the pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112838. [PMID: 35344738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is mainly characterized by hyperglycemia. The present work investigated the efficacy of the flavanones hesperetin (HES) and quercetin (Q) extracted from Trifolium alexandrinum (TA) to treat type 2 diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were supplemented with a high fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks and then administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were orally treated with Q, HES, and TA extract at concentrations of 40, 50, and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively, for 4 weeks. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of these treatments. Q, HES, and TA extract treatments all significantly improved diabetic rats' levels of serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, liver function enzymes, hepatic glycogen, α-amylase, lipase enzymes, lipid profiles, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes as compared with control diabetic untreated rats. In addition, supplementation with Q, HES, and TA extract attenuated the activities of glucose-6-phosphate; fructose-1,6-bisphospahate; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; glucokinase; and hexokinase in pancreatic tissue, and they improved the levels of glucose transporter 2 and glucose transporter 4. Furthermore, these treatments modulated the expressions levels of insulin receptor (IR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), caspase-3, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Enhancement of the histological alterations in pancreatic tissues provided further evidence of the ability of Q, HES, and TA extract to exert antidiabetic effects. Q, HES, and TA extract remedied insulin resistance by altering the IR/PI3K and AMPK signaling pathways, and they attenuated type 2 diabetes by improving the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Abdou
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Fatma A Hamaad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esraa Y Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh H Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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104
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Time-restricted feeding prevents metabolic diseases through the regulation of galanin/GALR1 expression in the hypothalamus of mice. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1415-1425. [PMID: 34370270 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Time-restricted feeding (TRF) reverses obesity and insulin resistance, yet the central mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest a critical role of hypothalamic galanin and its receptors in the regulation of energy balance. It is yet unclear whether TRF could regulate the expression of galanin and its receptors in the hypothalamus of mice fed a high-fat diet. METHODS To test this effect, we subjected mice to either ad lib or TRF of a high-fat diet for 8 h per day. After 4 weeks, galanin and many neuropeptides associated with the function of metabolism were examined. RESULTS The present findings showed that mice under TRF consume equivalent calories from a high-fat diet as those with ad lib access, yet are protected against obesity and have improved glucose metabolism. Plasma galanin, orexin A, irisin and adropin levels were significantly reversed by TRF regimen. Besides, TRF regimen reversed the progression of metabolic disorders in mice by increasing GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscles. Moreover, the levels of galanin and GALR1 expression were severely diminished in the hypothalamus of the TRF mice, whereas GALR2 was highly expressed. CONCLUSIONS TRF diminished galanin and GALR1 expression, and increased GALR2 expression in the hypothalamus of mice fed a high-fat diet. The current studies provide additional evidence that TRF is effective in improving HFD-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice, and this effect could be associated with TRF-induced changes of the galanin systems in the hypothalamus. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence, animal studies.
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105
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Shao R, Liao X, Lan Y, Zhang H, Jiao L, Du Q, Han D, Ai Q, Mai K, Wan M. Vitamin D regulates insulin pathway and glucose metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FASEB J 2022; 36:e22330. [PMID: 35474468 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200334rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ], the most active vitamin D (VD) metabolite, is a steroid hormone playing an important role in many physiological functions in addition to maintaining mineral homeostasis. In this study, we explored the mechanism that the VD regulated insulin pathway and glucose metabolism in zebrafish in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that 1,25(OH)2 D3 significantly enhances the expression of insulin receptor a (insra), insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1) and glucose transporter 2 (glut2), and promotes glycolysis and glycogenesis, while suppressing gluconeogenesis in zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) under the condition of high glucose (20 mM), instead of the normal glucose (10 mM). Moreover, consistent results were obtained from the zebrafish fed with VD3 -deficient diet, as well as the cyp2r1-/- zebrafish, in which endogenous VD metabolism is blocked. Furthermore, results from dual-luciferase reporting system exhibited that 1,25(OH)2 D3 directly activated the transcription of insra, rather than insrb in zebrafish by binding to vitamin D response element (VDRE) located at -181 to -167 bp in the promoter region of insra. Importantly, the 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment significantly alleviated the symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetic zebrafish. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that VD activates VDRE located in the promoter area of insra in zebrafish to promote insulin/insra signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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106
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Insulin Receptors and Insulin Action in the Heart: The Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040578. [PMID: 35454166 PMCID: PMC9024449 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This year, 2022, marks the 100th anniversary of the isolation of human insulin and its administration to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin exerts many effects on the human body, including the cardiac tissue. The pathways implicated include the PKB/Akt signaling pathway, the Janus kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and lead to normal cardiac growth, vascular smooth muscle regulation, and cardiac contractility. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge and provide new insights on insulin pathways of cardiac tissue, along with the role of left ventricular assist devices on insulin regulation and cardiac function.
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107
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Higgs JA, Quinn AP, Seely KD, Richards Z, Mortensen SP, Crandall CS, Brooks AE. Pathophysiological Link between Insulin Resistance and Adrenal Incidentalomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084340. [PMID: 35457158 PMCID: PMC9032410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal incidentalomas are incidentally discovered adrenal masses greater than one centimeter in diameter. An association between insulin resistance and adrenal incidentalomas has been established. However, the pathophysiological link between these two conditions remains incompletely characterized. This review examines the literature on the interrelationship between insulin resistance and adrenal masses, their subtypes, and related pathophysiology. Some studies show that functional and non-functional adrenal masses elicit systemic insulin resistance, whereas others conclude the inverse. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the anabolic effects on adrenal gland tissue, which have insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors, offer possible pathophysiological links. Conversely, autonomous adrenal cortisol secretion generates visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Further investigation into the mechanisms and timing of these two pathologies as they relate to one another is needed and could be valuable in the prevention, detection, and treatment of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Higgs
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Alyssa P. Quinn
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Kevin D. Seely
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeke Richards
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Shad P. Mortensen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Cody S. Crandall
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (J.A.H.); (A.P.Q.); (Z.R.); (S.P.M.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Amanda E. Brooks
- Department of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA;
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108
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Avina SL, Wiesner DL. Neutrophils flash their GLUTs to beat back detestable fungi. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:415-417. [PMID: 35421332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils enforce frontline immunity to fungal infection. Potent neutrophil effector functions require vast amounts of cytosolic glucose. Li et al. describe how neutrophils, upon interaction with Candida albicans, modulate the new synthesis and membrane localization of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) to facilitate glucose entry and meet neutrophils' metabolic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Avina
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darin L Wiesner
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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109
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Li DD, Jawale CV, Zhou C, Lin L, Trevejo-Nunez GJ, Rahman SA, Mullet SJ, Das J, Wendell SG, Delgoffe GM, Lionakis MS, Gaffen SL, Biswas PS. Fungal sensing enhances neutrophil metabolic fitness by regulating antifungal Glut1 activity. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:530-544.e6. [PMID: 35316647 PMCID: PMC9026661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Combating fungal pathogens poses metabolic challenges for neutrophils, key innate cells in anti-Candida albicans immunity, yet how host-pathogen interactions cause remodeling of the neutrophil metabolism is unclear. We show that neutrophils mediate renal immunity to disseminated candidiasis by upregulating glucose uptake via selective expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Mechanistically, dectin-1-mediated recognition of β-glucan leads to activation of PKCδ, which triggers phosphorylation, localization, and early glucose transport by a pool of pre-formed Glut1 in neutrophils. These events are followed by increased Glut1 gene transcription, leading to more sustained Glut1 accumulation, which is also dependent on the β-glucan/dectin-1/CARD9 axis. Card9-deficient neutrophils show diminished glucose incorporation in candidiasis. Neutrophil-specific Glut1-ablated mice exhibit increased mortality in candidiasis caused by compromised neutrophil phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In human neutrophils, β-glucan triggers metabolic remodeling and enhances candidacidal function. Our data show that the host-pathogen interface increases glycolytic activity in neutrophils by regulating Glut1 expression, localization, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Dong Li
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chetan V Jawale
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giraldina J Trevejo-Nunez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Syed A Rahman
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullet
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li F, Zou J, Li X, Xu M, Yu D, Ma Y, Huang W, Sun X, Zhang Y. Psoralen Suppresses Lipid Deposition by Alleviating Insulin Resistance and Promoting Autophagy in Oleate-Induced L02 Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071067. [PMID: 35406631 PMCID: PMC8997557 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) held a high global prevalence in recent decades. Hepatic lipid deposition is the major characteristic of NAFLD. We aim to explore the mechanisms of psoralen on lipid deposition in NAFLD. The effects of psoralen on insulin resistance, lipid deposition, the expression and membrane translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), autophagy, and lipogenesis enzymes were determined on sodium oleate-induced L02 cells. Chloroquine and 3-MA were employed. The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) was knocked down by siRNA. Psoralen alleviated insulin resistance in sodium oleate-induced L02 hepatocytes by upregulating the expression and membrane translocation of GLUT4. Psoralen inhibited lipid accumulation by decreasing the expression of key lipogenesis enzymes. Psoralen promotes autophagy and the autophagic flux to enhance lipolysis. Psoralen promoted the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome. Both chloroquine and 3-MA blocked the effects of psoralen on autophagy and lipid accumulation. The AMPKα deficiency attenuated the effects of psoralen on autophagy and lipid accumulation. Our study demonstrated that as an antioxidant, psoralen attenuates NAFLD by alleviating insulin resistance and promoting autophagy via AMPK, suggesting psoralen to be a promising candidate for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yonglun Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jie Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mengxia Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China;
| | - Yijia Ma
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); or (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-28-8550-1278 (X.S. & Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); or (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-28-8550-1278 (X.S. & Y.Z.)
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111
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Wang R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Liu S, Li C, Wang L. Glycolipid Metabolism and Metagenomic Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of a Phenolics-Rich Extract from Noni Fruit on Type 2 Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2876-2888. [PMID: 35175775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phenolics of noni fruit possess antihyperglycemic activity; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To understand the potential effects it has on type 2 diabetes (T2D), the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota regulation of phenolic-rich extracts from noni fruit (NFEs) were investigated. The results indicated that NFE could remarkably ameliorate hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glycolipid metabolism via the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in T2D mice. Furthermore, metagenomic sequencing results revealed that NFE intervention modulated the gut microbiota composition in T2D mice, characterized by increased abundance of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, Alistipes, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia and decreased abundance of Oscillibacter, Desulfovibrio, and significantly decreased the pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, translation, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Taken together, the results provided new evidence that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of NFE in T2D were likely attributed to the activation of the liver AMPK pathway and modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congfa Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
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112
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Podvigina TT, Yarushkina NI, Filaretova LP. Effects of Running on the Development of Diabetes and Diabetes-Induced Complications. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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113
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Thouvenot K, Turpin T, Taïlé J, Clément K, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Links between Insulin Resistance and Periodontal Bacteria: Insights on Molecular Players and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030378. [PMID: 35327570 PMCID: PMC8945445 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly associated with insulin resistance during obesity and constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. A strong link has been established between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, an infectious dental disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue or periodontium. However, the molecular mechanisms linking periodontal bacteria and insulin resistance remain poorly elucidated. This study aims to summarize the mechanisms possibly involved based on in vivo and in vitro studies and targets them for innovative therapies. Indeed, during periodontitis, inflammatory lesions of the periodontal tissue may allow periodontal bacteria to disseminate into the bloodstream and reach tissues, including adipose tissue and skeletal muscles that store glucose in response to insulin. Locally, periodontal bacteria and their components, such as lipopolysaccharides and gingipains, may deregulate inflammatory pathways, altering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, periodontal bacteria may promote ROS overproduction via downregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, leading to oxidative stress. Crosstalk between players of inflammation and oxidative stress contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and promotes insulin resistance. In parallel, periodontal bacteria alter glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and deregulate insulin production by pancreatic β-cells, contributing to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, therapeutic management of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation markers and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Of note, plant polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as insulin-sensitizing and anti-bacterial actions. Thus, polyphenol-based therapies are of high interest for helping to counteract the deleterious effects of periodontal bacteria and improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Thouvenot
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Teva Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Janice Taïlé
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesity, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-262-693-92-08-55
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114
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Yu M, Wang M, Han S, Han L, Kan Y, Zhao J, Yu X, Yan J, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Shang W, Fang P. Spexin ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance through activation of GAL2 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174731. [PMID: 34973950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a principal tissue involved in energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Although the results of our and other studies show that spexin could decrease food intake and obesity, the specific metabolic effect of spexin on glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether spexin might mitigate obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles and to explore its underlying mechanisms. The high fat diet-fed mice were treated with 50 μg/kg/d spexin for 21 consecutive days, and the differentiated myotubes of L6 were treated with spexin (200, 400, 800 nM) in the absence or presence of M871 (800 nM) for 12 h respectively. Besides, the galanin type 2 (GAL2) receptor knockdown myotubes were treated with 800 nM spexin for 12 h in this study. The present findings showed that spexin reversed hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance as well as insulin intolerance and insulin resistance in the mice fed with high fat diet. Furthermore, spexin markedly augmented the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) expression and deacetylation, and further triggered glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and trafficking in myotubes through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) activation. More importantly, the elevation of glucose consumption related genes by spexin were abolished by GAL2 receptor antagonist or silencing of GAL2 receptor in myotubes. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel insight that spexin can protect against insulin resistance and increase glucose consumption in skeletal muscles mainly through activation of GAL2/GLUT4 signal pathway. Spexin might therefore be a novel therapeutic target for hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Long Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Kan
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Wenbing Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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115
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Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Pan G, Wang X, Guo X, Wang J, Cui X, Gao H, Cheng M, Yang J, Zhang C, Jiang F. Amino acid starvation-induced LDLR trafficking accelerates lipoprotein endocytosis and LDL clearance. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53373. [PMID: 34994492 PMCID: PMC8892268 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells utilize Akt‐dependent signaling to deploy intracellular Glut4 toward cell surface to facilitate glucose uptake. Low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the cargo receptor mediating endocytosis of apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins. However, signaling‐controlled regulation of intracellular LDLR trafficking remains elusive. Here, we describe a unique amino acid stress response, which directs the deployment of intracellular LDLRs, causing enhanced LDL endocytosis, likely via Ca2+ and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II‐mediated signalings. This response is independent of induction of autophagy. Amino acid stress‐induced increase in LDL uptake in vitro is comparable to that by pravastatin. In vivo, acute AAS challenge for up to 72 h enhanced the rate of hepatic LDL uptake without changing the total expression level of LDLR. Reducing dietary amino acids by 50% for 2 to 4 weeks ameliorated high fat diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia in heterozygous LDLR‐deficient mice, with reductions in both LDL and VLDL fractions. We suggest that identification of signaling‐controlled regulation of intracellular LDLR trafficking has advanced our understanding of the LDLR biology, and may benefit future development of additional therapeutic strategies for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guopin Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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116
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Chen YC, Wang QQ, Wang YH, Zhuo HL, Dai RZ. Intravenous regular insulin is an efficient and safe procedure for obtaining high-quality cardiac 18F-FDG PET images: an open-label, single-center, randomized controlled prospective trial. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:239-247. [PMID: 32533427 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An open-label, single-center, randomized controlled prospective trial was performed to assess the efficiency and safety of an insulin loading procedure to obtain high-quality cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT images for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Between November 22, 2018 and August 15, 2019, 60 patients with CAD scheduled for cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in our department were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive an insulin or standardized glucose loading procedure for cardiac 18F-FDG imaging. The primary outcome was the ratio of interpretable images (high-quality images defined as myocardium-to-liver ratios ≥ 1). The secondary outcome was the patient preparation time (time interval between administration of insulin/glucose and 18F-FDG injection). Hypoglycemia events were recorded. RESULTS The ratio of interpretable cardiac PET images in the insulin loading group surpassed the glucose loading group (30/30 vs. 25/30, P = 0.026). Preparation time was 71±2 min shorter for the insulin loading group than for the glucose loading group (P < 0.01). Two and six hypoglycemia cases occurred in the insulin and glucose loading groups, respectively. CONCLUSION The insulin loading protocol was a quicker, more efficient, and safer preparation for gaining high-quality cardiac 18F-FDG images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
- Medical College, Huaqiao University, South Anji Road 1028#, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Qing Qing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yue Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Hui Lin Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Ruo Zhu Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
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117
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Barutta F, Bellini S, Durazzo M, Gruden G. Novel Insight into the Mechanisms of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010178. [PMID: 35052857 PMCID: PMC8774037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes are two major global health problems despite their prevalence being significantly underreported and underestimated. Both epidemiological and intervention studies show a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. The hypothesis of a potential causal link between the two diseases is corroborated by recent studies in experimental animals that identified mechanisms whereby periodontitis and diabetes can adversely affect each other. Herein, we will review clinical data on the existence of a two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes and discuss possible mechanistic interactions in both directions, focusing in particular on new data highlighting the importance of the host response. Moreover, we will address the hypothesis that trained immunity may represent the unifying mechanism explaining the intertwined association between diabetes and periodontitis. Achieving a better mechanistic insight on clustering of infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of diabetes and diabetes-associated comorbidities.
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118
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Jia Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, He C, Chen H. Spheroidization of ultrasonic degraded corn silk polysaccharide to enhance bioactivity by the anti-solvent precipitation method. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:53-61. [PMID: 34031881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn silk is a very important by-product of corn production with medicinal value. Corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) is the main active ingredient. In the present study, ultrasound and spheroidization by anti-solvent were applied to improve the biological activity of CSP. RESULTS The results showed that ultrasonic degradation improved the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of CSP by changing its physicochemical characteristics. As the anti-solvent ratio increased, the particle size of the nanoparticles (NPs) from the spheroidization of ultrasonic-degraded corn silk polysaccharide (UCSP) gradually increased, and NP-1 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results indicated that the enhanced activity might be due to more α-glucosidase binding sites with NP-1 compared with no spheroidization. Western blotting results showed that NP-1 could improve the 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake in the L6 cells by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). NP-1 also exhibited excellent stability in different environments. CONCLUSION The study revealed that ultrasonic treatment and spheroidization processing showed potential applications for improving the biological activity of polysaccharides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yangpeng Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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119
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Heckmann M, Klanert G, Sandner G, Lanzerstorfer P, Auer M, Weghuber J. Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35008072 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into target tissue is crucial for the maintenance of normal blood glucose homeostasis. This step is rate-limited by the number of facilitative glucose transporters type 4 (GLUT4) present in the plasma membrane. Since insulin resistance and impaired GLUT4 translocation are associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, this transporter has become an important target of antidiabetic drug research. The application of screening approaches that are based on the analysis of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane to identify substances with insulinomimetic properties has gained global research interest in recent years. Here, we review methods that have been implemented to quantitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. These methods can be broadly divided into two sections: microscopy-based technologies (e.g., immunoelectron, confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) and biochemical and spectrometric approaches (e.g., membrane fractionation, photoaffinity labeling or flow cytometry). In this review, we discuss the most relevant approaches applied to GLUT4 thus far, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, and we provide a critical discussion and outlook into new methodological opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Heckmann
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Gerald Klanert
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln, 3430, AUSTRIA
| | - Georg Sandner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Division of Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Medical School, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Julian Weghuber
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, Oberösterreich, 4600, AUSTRIA
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Oh JH, Kang CW, Wang EK, Nam JH, Lee S, Park KH, Lee EJ, Cho A, Ku CR. Altered Glucose Metabolism and Glucose Transporters in Systemic Organs After Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937394. [PMID: 35909546 PMCID: PMC9329688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly effective in the remission of obesity and associated diabetes. The mechanisms underlying obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remission after RYGB remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in continuous dynamic FDG uptake patterns after RYGB and examine the correlation between glucose metabolism and its transporters in variable endocrine organs using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images. Increased glucose metabolism in specific organs, such as the small intestine and various fat tissues, is closely associated with improved glycemic control after RYGB. In Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats fed with high-fat diets, RYGB operation increases intestine glucose transporter expression and various fat tissues' glucose transporters, which are not affected by insulin. The fasting glucose decrement was significantly associated with RYGB, sustained weight loss, post-RYGB oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) area under the curve (AUC), glucose transporter, or glycolytic enzymes in the small bowel and various fat tissues. High intestinal glucose metabolism and white adipose tissue-dependent glucose metabolism correlated with metabolic benefit after RYGB. These findings suggest that the newly developed glucose biodistribution accompanied by increased glucose transporters is a mechanism associated with the systemic effect of RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Oh
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Hye Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Cheol Ryong Ku, ; Arthur Cho,
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Cheol Ryong Ku, ; Arthur Cho,
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Yu M, Han S, Wang M, Han L, Huang Y, Bo P, Fang P, Zhang Z. Baicalin protects against insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction through activation of GALR2/GLUT4 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153869. [PMID: 34923235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Activation of GALR2 has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance. The previous studies showed that baicalin could mitigate insulin resistance, but the detailed mechanism of baicalin on insulin resistance has not been fully explored yet. PURPOSE In the present study, we evaluated whether baicalin mitigated insulin resistance via activation of GALR2 signaling pathway. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Baicalin (25 mg/kg/d and 50 mg/kg/d) and/or GALR2 antagonist M871 (10 mg/kg/d) were injected individually or in combinations into obese mice once a day for three weeks, and normal and GALR2 knockdown myotubes were treated with baicalin (100 μM and 400 μM) or metformin (4 mM) in the absence or presence of M871 (800 nM) for 12 h, respectively. The molecular mechanism was explored in skeletal muscle and L6 myotubes. RESULTS The present findings showed that baicalin mitigated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and elevated the levels of PGC-1α, GLUT4, p-p38MAPK, p-AKT and p-AS160 in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Strikingly, the baicalin-induced beneficial effects were abolished by GALR2 antagonist M871 in obese mice. In vitro, baicalin dramatically augmented glucose consumption and the activity of PGC1α-GLUT4 axis in myotubes through activation of p38MAPK and AKT pathways. Moreover, baicalin-induced elevations in glucose consumption related genes were abolished by GALR2 antagonist M871 or silencing of GALR2 in myotubes. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time demonstrated that baicalin protected against insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction mainly through activation of GALR2-GLUT4 signal pathway. Our findings identified that activation of GALR2-GLUT4 signal pathway by baicalin could be a new therapeutic approach to treat insulin resistance and T2DM in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Long Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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122
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Yu S, Liu L, Bu T, Jiexia Z, Wang W, Wu JP, Liu D. Purification and characterization of hypoglycemic peptides from traditional Chinese soy-fermented douchi. Food Funct 2022; 13:3343-3352. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Douchi is a popular soy-fermented food originated in China, with documented hypoglycemic effect. However, the responsible molecules and the mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains unclear. Therefore, in this study,...
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123
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Liu Y, He R, Zhu M, Yu H. In Vitro Reconstitution Studies of SNAREs and Their Regulators Mediating GLUT4 Vesicle Fusion. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:141-156. [PMID: 35819764 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The GLUT4 vesicle fusion is mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and a variety of regulatory proteins. For example, synip and tomosyn negatively regulate GLUT4 SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Here we describe in vitro reconstituted assays to determine the molecular mechanisms of SNAREs, synip, and tomosyn. These methods can also be extended to the studies of other types of membrane fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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124
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Lee SH, Park SY, Choi CS. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:15-37. [PMID: 34965646 PMCID: PMC8831809 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of insulin-targeting tissues to physiological levels of insulin. Although the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance is not fully understood, several credible theories have been proposed. In this review, we summarize the functions of insulin in glucose metabolism in typical metabolic tissues and describe the mechanisms proposed to underlie insulin resistance, that is, ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. In addition, we suggest potential therapeutic strategies for addressing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Corresponding author: Cheol Soo Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-058X Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdongdaero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea E-mail:
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125
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Silva RNO, Llanos RP, Eichler RAS, Oliveira TB, Gozzo FC, Festuccia WT, Ferro ES. New Intracellular Peptide Derived from Hemoglobin Alpha Chain Induces Glucose Uptake and Reduces Blood Glycemia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122175. [PMID: 34959456 PMCID: PMC8708875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular peptides were shown to derive from proteasomal degradation of proteins from mammalian and yeast cells, being suggested to play distinctive roles both inside and outside these cells. Here, the role of intracellular peptides previously identified from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL6/N wild type (WT) and neurolysin knockout mice were investigated. In differentiated C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, some of these intracellular peptides like insulin activated the expression of several genes related to muscle contraction and gluconeogenesis. One of these peptides, LASVSTVLTSKYR (Ric4; 600 µg/kg), administrated either intraperitoneally or orally in WT mice, decreased glycemia. Neither insulin (10 nM) nor Ric4 (100 µM) induced glucose uptake in adipose tissue explants obtained from conditional knockout mice depleted of insulin receptor. Ric4 (100 µM) similarly to insulin (100 nM) induced Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane of C2C12 differentiated cells, and increased GLUT4 mRNA levels in epididymal adipose tissue of WT mice. Ric4 (100 µM) increased both Erk and Akt phosphorylation in C2C12, as well as in epididymal adipose tissue from WT mice; Erk, but not Akt phosphorylation was activated by Ric4 in tibial skeletal muscle from WT mice. Ric4 is rapidly degraded in vitro by WT liver and kidney crude extracts, such a response that is largely reduced by structural modifications such as N-terminal acetylation, C-terminal amidation, and substitution of Leu8 for DLeu8 (Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR-NH2; Ric4-16). Ric4-16, among several Ric4 derivatives, efficiently induced glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 cells. Among six Ric4-derivatives evaluated in vivo, Ac-LASVSTVLTSKYR-NH2 (Ric4-2; 600 µg/kg) and Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR (Ric4-15; 600 µg/kg) administrated orally efficiently reduced glycemia in a glucose tolerance test in WT mice. The potential clinical application of Ric4 and Ric4-derivatives deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée N. O. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Ricardo P. Llanos
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Rosangela A. S. Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Thiago B. Oliveira
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Fábio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7310
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Flenkenthaler F, Ländström E, Shashikadze B, Backman M, Blutke A, Philippou-Massier J, Renner S, Hrabe de Angelis M, Wanke R, Blum H, Arnold GJ, Wolf E, Fröhlich T. Differential Effects of Insulin-Deficient Diabetes Mellitus on Visceral vs. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Multi-omics Insights From the Munich MIDY Pig Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751277. [PMID: 34888323 PMCID: PMC8650062 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is no longer considered to be responsible for energy storage only but is now recognized as a major endocrine organ that is distributed across different parts of the body and is actively involved in regulatory processes controlling energy homeostasis. Moreover, AT plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic disease such as diabetes. Recent evidence has shown that adipokines have the ability to regulate blood glucose levels and improve metabolic homeostasis. While AT has been studied extensively in the context of type 2 diabetes, less is known about how different AT types are affected by absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 or permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Here, we analyzed visceral and subcutaneous AT in a diabetic, insulin-deficient pig model (MIDY) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls by RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics. Multi-omics analysis indicates a depot-specific dysregulation of crucial metabolic pathways in MIDY AT samples. We identified key proteins involved in glucose uptake and downstream signaling, lipogenesis, lipolysis and β-oxidation to be differentially regulated between visceral and subcutaneous AT in response to insulin deficiency. Proteins related to glycogenolysis, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle and lipogenesis were increased in subcutaneous AT, whereas β-oxidation-related proteins were increased in visceral AT from MIDY pigs, pointing at a regionally different metabolic adaptation to master energy stress arising from diminished glucose utilization in MIDY AT. Chronic, absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia revealed fat depot-specific signatures using multi-omics analysis. The generated datasets are a valuable resource for further comparative and translational studies in clinical diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erik Ländström
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences Munich (QBM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattias Backman
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences Munich (QBM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Julia Philippou-Massier
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gene Center, Institute for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gene Center, Institute for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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127
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McColloch A, Liu H, Cho M. Reversal of stem cell‐derived hypertrophic adipocytes mediated by photobiomodulation (1064 nm). TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McColloch
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
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128
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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129
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Hua S, Liu Q, Li J, Fan M, Yan K, Ye D. Beta-klotho in type 2 diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1091-1109. [PMID: 34120289 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global health problem with no cure. Despite lifestyle modifications and various pharmaceutical options, the achievement of stable and durable glucose control along with effective prevention of T2DM-related cardiovascular complications remains a challenging task in clinical management. With its selective high abundance in metabolic tissues (adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas), β-Klotho is the essential component of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes. It is essential for high-affinity binding of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to evoke the signaling cascade actively involved in homeostatic maintenance of glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. In this Review, we discuss the biological function of β-Klotho in the regulation of glucose metabolism and offer mechanistic insights into its involvement in the pathophysiology of T2DM. We review our current understanding of the endocrine axis comprised of β-Klotho and FGFs (FGF19 and FGF21) and its regulatory effects on glucose metabolism under physiological and T2DM conditions. We also highlight advances in the development and preclinical validation of pharmacological compounds that target β-Klotho and/or the β-Klotho-FGFRs complex for the treatment of T2DM. Given the remarkable advances in this field, we also discuss outstanding research questions and the many challenges in the clinical development of β-Klotho-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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130
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Lee A, Sugiura Y, Cho IH, Setou N, Koh E, Song GJ, Lee S, Yang HJ. In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Dendropanax Trifidus Sap Extract. Nutrients 2021; 13:4332. [PMID: 34959884 PMCID: PMC8703777 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of medicinal plants have been widely used to benefit human health. Dendropanax morbiferus (DM) has been well-studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, while Dendropanax trifidus (DT) is a lesser-known ecotype phylogenetically similar to DM, which has received significantly less attention. Studies thus far have primarily focused on leaf and bark extracts of DM, and not much is yet known about the properties of either DM or DT sap. Therefore, here we performed in vivo toxicity and efficacy studies, in order to assess the biological effects of DT sap. To establish a safe dosage range, single dose or two-week daily administrations of various concentrations were performed for ICR mice. Measurements of survival ratio, body/organ weight, blood chemistry, histochemistry and Western blots were performed. A concentration of ≤0.5 mg/g DT sap was found to be safe for long-term administration. Interestingly, DT sap significantly reduced blood glucose in female mice. In addition, increasing concentrations of DT sap decreased phosphorylated (p) insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1(ser1101)/IRS-1 in liver tissues, while increasing pAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK in both the liver and spleen. To analyze its components, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of DT sap was performed in comparison with Acer saccharum (AS) sap. Components such as estradiol, trenbolone, farnesol, dienogest, 2-hydroxyestradiol and linoleic acid were found to be highly enriched in DT sap compared to AS sap. Our results indicate DT sap exhibits hypoglycemic effects, which may be due to the abundance of the bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Lee
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Noriko Setou
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Eugene Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea;
| | - Seungheun Lee
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (A.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
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131
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Martins VF, LaBarge SA, Stanley A, Svensson K, Hung CW, Keinan O, Ciaraldi TP, Banoian D, Park JE, Ha C, Hetrick B, Meyer GA, Philp A, David LL, Henry RR, Aslan JE, Saltiel AR, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. p300 or CBP is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:141344. [PMID: 34813504 PMCID: PMC8765050 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While current thinking posits that insulin signaling to GLUT4 exocytic translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes is controlled by phosphorylation-based signaling, many proteins in this pathway are acetylated on lysine residues. However, the importance of acetylation and lysine acetyltransferases to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that combined loss of the acetyltransferases E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP) in mouse skeletal muscle causes a complete loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, brief (i.e. 1 h) pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP acetyltransferase activity recapitulates this phenotype in human and rodent myotubes, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and mouse muscle. Mechanistically, these effects are due to p300/CBP-mediated regulation of GLUT4 exocytic translocation and occurs downstream of Akt signaling. Taken together, we highlight a fundamental role for acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Dion Banoian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Ji E Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Christina Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Robert R Henry
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
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Casado-Díaz A, Rodríguez-Ramos Á, Torrecillas-Baena B, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ. Flavonoid Phloretin Inhibits Adipogenesis and Increases OPG Expression in Adipocytes Derived from Human Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal-Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:4185. [PMID: 34836440 PMCID: PMC8623874 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin (a flavonoid abundant in apple), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and glucose-transporter inhibitory properties. Thus, it has interesting pharmacological and nutraceutical potential. Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have high differentiation capacity, being essential for maintaining homeostasis and regenerative capacity in the organism. Yet, they preferentially differentiate into adipocytes instead of osteoblasts with aging. This has a negative impact on bone turnover, remodeling, and formation. We have evaluated the effects of phloretin on human adipogenesis, analyzing MSC induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Expression of adipogenic genes, as well as genes encoding OPG and RANKL (involved in osteoclastogenesis), protein synthesis, lipid-droplets formation, and apoptosis, were studied. Results showed that 10 and 20 µM phloretin inhibited adipogenesis. This effect was mediated by increasing beta-catenin, as well as increasing apoptosis in adipocytes, at late stages of differentiation. In addition, this chemical increased OPG gene expression and OPG/RANKL ratio in adipocytes. These results suggest that this flavonoid (including phloretin-rich foods) has interesting potential for clinical and regenerative-medicine applications. Thus, such chemicals could be used to counteract obesity and prevent bone-marrow adiposity. That is particularly useful to protect bone mass and treat diseases like osteoporosis, which is an epidemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición—GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.R.-R.); (B.T.-B.); (J.M.Q.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Ramos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición—GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.R.-R.); (B.T.-B.); (J.M.Q.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
| | - Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición—GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.R.-R.); (B.T.-B.); (J.M.Q.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición—GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.R.-R.); (B.T.-B.); (J.M.Q.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición—GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.R.-R.); (B.T.-B.); (J.M.Q.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
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Senoo H, Murata D, Wai M, Arai K, Iwata W, Sesaki H, Iijima M. KARATE: PKA-induced KRAS4B-RHOA-mTORC2 supercomplex phosphorylates AKT in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4622-4634.e8. [PMID: 34551282 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AKT is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in metabolism, cell growth, and cytoskeletal dynamics. AKT is activated by two kinases, PDK1 and mTORC2. Although the regulation of PDK1 is well understood, the mechanism that controls mTORC2 is unknown. Here, by investigating insulin receptor signaling in human cells and biochemical reconstitution, we found that insulin induces the activation of mTORC2 toward AKT by assembling a supercomplex with KRAS4B and RHOA GTPases, termed KARATE (KRAS4B-RHOA-mTORC2 Ensemble). Insulin-induced KARATE assembly is controlled via phosphorylation of GTP-bound KRAS4B at S181 and GDP-bound RHOA at S188 by protein kinase A. By developing a KARATE inhibitor, we demonstrate that KRAS4B-RHOA interaction drives KARATE formation. In adipocytes, KARATE controls insulin-dependent translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane for glucose uptake. Thus, our work reveals a fundamental mechanism that activates mTORC2 toward AKT in insulin-regulated glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - May Wai
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenta Arai
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wakiko Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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134
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Zhang Y, He L, Chen X, Shentu P, Xu Y, Jiao J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote SNAREs mediated GLUT4 vesicle docking and fusion. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108912. [PMID: 34801692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis imbalance and insulin resistance (IR) are major contributors to the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are key ingredients for maintaining cellular functions and improving insulin sensitivity. However, how omega-3 PUFAs modulate the dynamic process of glucose transport at the cellular level remains unclear. Here we unraveled eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may regulate the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicle trafficking in both normal and IR adipocytes. Both omega-3 PUFAs significantly increase glucose consumption within a range of 10-32% in the basal state. Furthermore, both EPA (200 μM) and DHA (100 μM) may significantly promote the serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation by 70% and 40% in the physiological state of adipocytes, respectively. Both omega-3 PUFAs significantly advanced the Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent way and showed a ∼2-fold increase at the dose of 200 μM in the IR pathological state. However, they could not up-regulate the expression of GLUT4 and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase protein. We further revealed that both omega-3 PUFAs dynamically promote insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor mediated vesicle docking and fusion to the plasma membrane via specifically modulating the expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2. Understanding the mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs modulate cellular metabolism and IR in peripheral tissues may provide novel insights into the potential impact of omega-3 PUFAs on the metabolic function and the management of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lilin He
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Shentu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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135
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Eckstein ML, Brockfeld A, Haupt S, Schierbauer JR, Zimmer RT, Wachsmuth N, Zunner B, Zimmermann P, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Moser O. Acute Metabolic Responses to Glucose and Fructose Supplementation in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114095. [PMID: 34836350 PMCID: PMC8620063 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. Fifteen healthy individuals (five females, age of 25.4 ± 2.5 years, BMI of 23.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2 with a body mass (BM) of 76.3 ± 12.3 kg) participated in this double-blind randomized crossover placebo-controlled trial. Participants received a mixture of 300 mL of water with 1 g/kg BM of Glu, 1 g/kg BM of Fru, 0.5 g/kg BM of GluFru (each), and 0.2 g sucralose as a placebo. Peak BG values Glu were reached after 40 ± 13 min (peak BG: 141 ± 20 mg/dL), for Fru after 36 ± 22 min (peak BG: 98 ± 7 mg/dL), for GluFru after 29 ± 8 min (BG 128 ± 18 mg/dL), and sucralose after 34 ± 27 min (peak BG: 83 ± 5 mg/dL). Significant differences regarding the time until peak BG were found only between Glu and GluFru supplementation (p = 0.02). Peak blood glucose levels were significantly lower following the ingestion of Fru compared to the supplementation of Glu and GluFru (p < 0.0001) while Glu and GluFru supplementation showed no difference in peak values (p = 0.23). All conditions led to a significantly higher peak BG value compared to sucralose (p < 0.0001). Blood lactate increased in Glu (p = 0.002), Fru and GluFru (both p < 0.0001), whereas sucralose did not increase compared to the baseline (p = 0.051). Insulin levels were significantly higher in all conditions at peak compared to sucralose (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study prove the feasibility of combined carbohydrate supplementations for many applications in diabetic or healthy exercise cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L. Eckstein
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Antonia Brockfeld
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Janis R. Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Rebecca T. Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Nadine Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Beate Zunner
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.W.); (B.Z.); (P.Z.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)921-55-3465
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Human FKBP5 negatively regulates transcription through inhibition of P-TEFb complex formation. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0034421. [PMID: 34780285 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00344-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although large number of recent studies indicate strong association of FKBP5 (aka FKBP51) functions with various stress-related psychiatric disorder, the overall mechanisms are poorly understood. Beyond a few studies indicating its functions in regulating glucocorticoid receptor-, and AKT-signalling pathways, other functional roles (if any) are unclear. In this study, we report an anti-proliferative role of human FKBP5 through negative regulation of expression of proliferation-related genes. Mechanistically, we show that, owing to same region of interaction on CDK9, human FKBP5 directly competes with CyclinT1 for functional P-TEFb complex formation. In vitro biochemical coupled with cell-based assays, showed strong negative effect of FKBP5 on P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of diverse substrates. Consistently, FKBP5 knockdown showed enhanced P-TEFb complex formation leading to increased global RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation and expression of proliferation-related genes and subsequent proliferation. Thus, our results show an important role of FKBP5 in negative regulation of P-TEFb functions within mammalian cells.
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137
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Zhang S, Song P, Chen X, Wang Y, Gao X, Liang L, Zhao J. Astragalus polysaccharide regulates brown adipocytes differentiation by miR-6911 targeting Prdm16. Lipids 2021; 57:45-55. [PMID: 34738642 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized tissue in mammals related to thermogenesis. The Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the major natural active component of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been recognized as one of the most popular herbal medicines worldwide. The role and possible mechanisms of APS on brown adipocytes differentiation is not well defined. Here, we explored the effect of APS on the differentiation of brown adipocytes in C3H10T 1/2 cells. The results showed that APS promoted the differentiation of brown adipocytes and improved insulin sensitivity along with significant increases in the expression of brown adipogenic marker proteins (C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ), thermogenesis marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α), and insulin sensitivity marker protein (GLUT4). Meanwhile, the results showed that the amount of the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1) and phospho-AKT (p-AKT) which are critical factors in the insulin signaling pathway was increased without changing the total amount of IRS and AKT. Furthermore, the results of RNA-seq showed that APS altered the expression profiles of various miRNAs, and among which the expression of miR-6911 as a universal regulatory factor was significantly decreased. Importantly, we found that miR-6911 regulated the differentiation of brown adipocytes by targeting PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16). In addition, after transfection of miR-6911 mimics, compared with the control and inhibitor group, PRDM16 protein expression significantly decreased, which was accompanied by the decrease of PPARγ, UCP1, and PGC-1α. Collectively, our results indicated that APS regulated brown adipocytes differentiation in C3H10T 1/2 cells via miRNA-6911 targeting Prdm16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaoyou Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xuyang Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lin Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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138
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Lin W, Jin Y, Hu X, Huang E, Zhu Q. AMPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4-Mediated Effect of Icariin on Hyperlipidemia-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1407-1417. [PMID: 34906049 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Therapeutic activity of icariin, a major bioactive component of Epimedii Herba, in NAFLD is still unknown. Herein, the C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish a NAFLD model. Mice were assigned to five groups: control group, NAFLD group, and icariin treatment groups. Effects of icariin on blood indices, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, histopathological morphology, cell apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and AMPK signaling were analyzed. In addition, another cohort of mice were assigned to five groups: control group, NAFLD group, dorsomorphin treatment group, icariin treatment group, and dorsomorphin + icariin treatment group. Expression of proteins in liver tissues associated with AMPK signaling, and levels of ALT and AST were evaluated. Icariin attenuated the NAFLD-induced increase of the TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, AST levels. HDL-C levels were affected neither by NAFLD nor by icariin. Furthermore, icariin treatment (100-200 mg/kg) counteracted the NAFLD-reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and modulated histopathological changes, cell apoptosis, and lipid accumulation in liver tissues. Additionally, icariin mitigated the NAFLD-induced up-regulation of the cleaved caspase 3/9, SREBP-1c, and DGAT-2 levels, and enhanced the expression level of CPT-1, p-ACC/ACC, AMPKα1, PGC-1α, and GLUT4. Effects of icariin on the AMPK signaling and levels of AST and ALT could be reversed by AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin. This paper investigates the glucose-reducing and lipid-lowering effects of icariin in NAFLD. Moreover, icariin might function through activating the AMPKα1/PGC-1α/GLTU4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Erjiong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Qihan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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139
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Chatterjee A, Wiese M, Stehle T, Szymanski W, Shvedunova M, Akhtar A. Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation controls central carbon metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6212. [PMID: 34707105 PMCID: PMC8551339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 70% of deaths world-wide. Previous work has linked NCDs such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) to disruption of chromatin regulators. However, the exact molecular origins of these chronic conditions remain elusive. Here, we identify the H4 lysine 16 acetyltransferase MOF as a critical regulator of central carbon metabolism. High-throughput metabolomics unveil a systemic amino acid and carbohydrate imbalance in Mof deficient mice, manifesting in T2D predisposition. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) reveals defects in glucose assimilation and insulin secretion in these animals. Furthermore, Mof deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced fat gain due to defects in glucose uptake in adipose tissue. MOF-mediated H4K16ac deposition controls expression of the master regulator of glucose metabolism, Pparg and the entire downstream transcriptional network. Glucose uptake and lipid storage can be reconstituted in MOF-depleted adipocytes in vitro by ectopic Glut4 expression, PPARγ agonist thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment or SIRT1 inhibition. Hence, chronic imbalance in H4K16ac promotes a destabilisation of metabolism triggering the development of a metabolic disorder, and its maintenance provides an unprecedented regulatory epigenetic mechanism controlling diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Chatterjee
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Wiese
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stehle
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Witold Szymanski
- Proteomics Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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140
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Hao J, Zhou T, Ma Y, Deng J, Cheng H, Wang Q, Lin Q, Yang X, Choi H. New Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives and Xanthones From Hypericum wilsonii. Front Chem 2021; 9:717904. [PMID: 34631657 PMCID: PMC8497742 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.717904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives, hyperwilone A-D (1–4), and two new xanthones, wilsonxanthone A (5) and wilsonxanthone B (6), together with eight known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum wilsonii. Their structures were expounded by comprehensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS. The relative configurations and absolute configurations of 1-6 were determined by NMR calculations and comparing their experimental and computed ECD data. All compounds were evaluated for GLUT4 translocation effects in L6 myotubes. Compound 5 showed the strongest GLUT4 translocation effects with 2.57 folds at a concentration of 30 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanren Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtong Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinxiong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hoyoung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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141
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM, Veselova OM. Modified N-Terminal Fragments of Galanin: Cardioprotective Properties and Mechanisms of Action. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1342-1351. [PMID: 34903156 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792110014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design of new drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on endogenous peptide hormones is of undoubted interest and stimulates intensive experimental research. One of the approaches for development in this area is synthesis of the short bioactive peptides that mimic effects of the larger peptide molecules and have improved physicochemical characteristics. In recent years, it has been found that the N-terminal fragments of the neuropeptide galanin reduce metabolic and functional disorders in the experimental heart damage. The review presents literature data and generalized results of our own experiments on the effects of the full-size galanin and its chemically modified N-terminal fragments (2-11) and (2-15) on the heart in normal conditions and in modeling pathophysiological conditions in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that the spectrum of the peptide actions on the damaged myocardium includes decrease in the necrotic death of cardiomyocytes, decrease in the damage of sarcolemma, improvement in the metabolic state of myocardium, decrease in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. Mechanisms of the protective action of the modified galanin fragments associated with activation of the GalR2 receptor subtype and manifestation of antioxidant properties are discussed. The data summarized in the review indicate that the molecular design of pharmacological agonists of the GalR2 receptor is a promising approach, because they can serve as a basis for the development of cardioprotectors influencing processes of free radical oxidation and metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Irina M Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Oxana M Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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142
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Yang YF, Chuang HW, Kuo WT, Lin BS, Chang YC. Current Development and Application of Anaerobic Glycolytic Enzymes in Urothelial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910612. [PMID: 34638949 PMCID: PMC8508954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer is a malignant tumor with metastatic ability and high mortality. Malignant tumors of the urinary system include upper tract urothelial cancer and bladder cancer. In addition to typical genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications, metabolism-related events also occur in urothelial cancer. This metabolic reprogramming includes aberrant expression levels of genes, metabolites, and associated networks and pathways. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctions of glycolytic enzymes in urothelial cancer and discuss the relevant phenotype and signal transduction. Moreover, we describe potential prognostic factors and risks to the survival of clinical cancer patients. More importantly, based on several available databases, we explore relationships between glycolytic enzymes and genetic changes or drug responses in urothelial cancer cells. Current advances in glycolysis-based inhibitors and their combinations are also discussed. Combining all of the evidence, we indicate their potential value for further research in basic science and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Wen Chuang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Syuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7064
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143
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Hirsutine ameliorates hepatic and cardiac insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice and in vitro models. Pharmacol Res 2021; 177:105917. [PMID: 34597809 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hepatic steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy resulting from chronic excess intake can exacerbate insulin resistance (IR). The current study aims to investigate the pharmacological effects of hirsutine, one indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla, on improving hepatic and cardiac IR, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. T2DM and IR in vivo were established by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 3 months in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro IR models were induced by high-glucose and high-insulin (HGHI) incubation in HepG2 and H9c2 cells. Hirsutine administration for 8 weeks improved HFD-induced peripheral hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance and IR by OGTT and ITT assays, and simultaneously attenuated hepatic steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy by pathological observation. The impaired p-Akt expression was activated by hirsutine in liver and heart tissues of HFD mice, and also in the models in vitro. Hirsutine exhibited the effects on enhancing glucose consumption and uptake in IR cell models via activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which was blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, the effect of hirsutine on promoting glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression in HGHI H9c2 cells was also prevented by Compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Enhancement of glycolysis might be another factor of hirsutine showing its effects on glycemic control. Collectively, it was uncovered that hirsutine might exert beneficial effects on regulating glucose homeostasis, thus improving hepatic and cardiac IR, and could be a promising compound for treating diet-induced T2DM.
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144
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Fang P, Han L, Yu M, Han S, Wang M, Huang Y, Guo W, Wei Q, Shang W, Min W. Development of metabolic dysfunction in mice lacking chemerin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111369. [PMID: 34171420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemerin, an adipocyte-secreted adipokine, is hypothesized to participate in energy homeostasis and glucoregulation. However, the physiologic effect of endogenous chemerin on glucose metabolism is unclear. The present studies tested the hypotheses that chemerin deficiency alters whole-body glucose homeostasis following switches to high-fat diet. Adult, male chemerin knockout and C57BL/6J control wild type mice were studied. During the following 4 weeks, chow- or high-fat diet maintained chemerin knockout mice showed elevated fasting glucose levels and glucose intolerance as well as insulin intolerance. Chemerin deficiency impaired adaptation to glucose and insulin challenge, leading to increased glucose levels. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were significantly decreased in chemerin knockout mice relative to the wild type, respectively. Taken together, the results support the hypotheses that chemerin helps adapt glucose metabolism to changes in dietary fat and modulates glucose consumption in mice by activation of PGC-1α/GLUT4 axis. Chemerin may play a significant role in elevation of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity to promote glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Long Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Wancheng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Qingbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Minister of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbing Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen Min
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Bone Injury of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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145
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in metabolic syndrome, a condition known as insulin resistance. The actions of the hormone are initiated by binding to its receptor on the surface of target cells. The receptor is an α2β2 heterodimer that binds to insulin with high affinity, resulting in the activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. Once activated, the receptor can phosphorylate a number of intracellular substrates that initiate discrete signaling pathways. The tyrosine phosphorylation of some substrates activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which produces polyphosphoinositides that interact with protein kinases, leading to activation of the kinase Akt. Phosphorylation of Shc leads to activation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylation of SH2B2 and of Cbl initiates activation of G proteins such as TC10. Activation of Akt and other protein kinases produces phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, including transcription factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and other kinases that control key metabolic events. Among the cellular processes controlled by insulin are vesicle trafficking, activities of metabolic enzymes, transcriptional factors, and degradation of insulin itself. Together these complex processes are coordinated to ensure glucose homeostasis.
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146
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Bakr M, Jullié D, Krapivkina J, Paget-Blanc V, Bouit L, Petersen JD, Retailleau N, Breillat C, Herzog E, Choquet D, Perrais D. The vSNAREs VAMP2 and VAMP4 control recycling and intracellular sorting of post-synaptic receptors in neuronal dendrites. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109678. [PMID: 34496238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal recycling system dynamically tunes synaptic strength, which underlies synaptic plasticity. Exocytosis is involved in the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), as postsynaptic cleavage of the SNARE (soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor) protein VAMP2 by tetanus toxin blocks LTP. Moreover, induction of LTP increases the exocytosis of transferrin receptors (TfRs) and markers of recycling endosomes (REs), as well as post-synaptic AMPA type receptors (AMPARs). However, the interplay between AMPAR and TfR exocytosis remains unclear. Here, we identify VAMP4 as the vesicular SNARE that mediates most dendritic RE exocytosis. In contrast, VAMP2 plays a minor role in RE exocytosis. LTP induction increases the exocytosis of both VAMP2- and VAMP4-labeled organelles. Knock down (KD) of VAMP4 decreases TfR recycling but increases AMPAR recycling. Moreover, VAMP4 KD increases AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission, which consequently occludes LTP expression. The opposing changes in AMPAR and TfR recycling upon VAMP4 KD reveal their sorting into separate endosomal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bakr
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Damien Jullié
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julia Krapivkina
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Paget-Blanc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lou Bouit
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jennifer D Petersen
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Natacha Retailleau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breillat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Perrais
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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147
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Ren J, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Bradshaw EL, Orgeig S, Perumal SR, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Impact of maternal late gestation undernutrition on surfactant maturation, pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery measured by magnetic resonance imaging in the sheep fetus. J Physiol 2021; 599:4705-4724. [PMID: 34487347 DOI: 10.1113/jp281292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. The effects on surfactant maturation are mediated by alteration in mechanisms regulating surfactant protein and phospholipid synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) and LGUN plus fetal glucose infusion (LGUN+G) compared to Control on surfactant maturation and lung development, and the relationship with pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery ( D O 2 ) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with molecules that regulate lung development. LGUN from 115 to 140 days' gestation significantly decreased fetal body weight, which was normalized by glucose infusion. LGUN and LGUN+G resulted in decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration, with no change in fetal arterial P O 2 compared to control. There was no effect of LGUN and LGUN+G on the mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SFTP) and genes regulating surfactant maturation in the fetal lung. However, blood flow in the main pulmonary artery was significantly increased in LGUN, despite no change in blood flow in the left or right pulmonary artery and D O 2 to the fetal lung. There was a negative relationship between left pulmonary artery flow and D O 2 to the left lung with SFTP-B and GLUT1 mRNA expression, while their relationship with VEGFR2 was positive. These results suggest that increased pulmonary blood flow measured by MRI may have an adverse effect on surfactant maturation during fetal lung development. KEY POINTS: Maternal undernutrition during gestation alters fetal lung development by impacting surfactant maturation. However, the direction of change remains controversial. We examined the effects of maternal late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) on maternal and fetal outcomes, signalling pathways involved in fetal lung development, pulmonary haemodynamics and oxygen delivery in sheep using a combination of molecular and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. LGUN decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration without affecting arterial P O 2 . Surfactant maturation was not affected; however, main pulmonary artery blood flow was significantly increased in the LGUN fetuses. This is the first study to explore the relationship between in utero MRI measures of pulmonary haemodynamics and lung development. Across all treatment groups, left pulmonary artery blood flow and oxygen delivery were negatively correlated with surfactant protein B mRNA and protein expression in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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148
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Kang H, Lee S, Kim K, Jeon J, Kang SG, Youn H, Kim HY, Youn B. Downregulated CLIP3 induces radioresistance by enhancing stemness and glycolytic flux in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:282. [PMID: 34488821 PMCID: PMC8420000 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor in which the standard treatment, ionizing radiation (IR), achieves a median survival of about 15 months. GBM harbors glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which play a crucial role in therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Methods Patient-derived GSCs, GBM cell lines, intracranial GBM xenografts, and GBM sections were used to measure mRNA and protein expression and determine the related molecular mechanisms by qRT-PCR, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, OCR, ECAR, live-cell imaging, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic GBM xenograft models were applied to investigate tumor inhibitory effects of glimepiride combined with radiotherapy. Results We report that GSCs that survive standard treatment radiation upregulate Speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A (Spy1) and downregulate CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 3 (CLIP3, also known as CLIPR-59). We discovered that Spy1 activation and CLIP3 inhibition coordinately shift GBM cell glucose metabolism to favor glycolysis via two cellular processes: transcriptional regulation of CLIP3 and facilitating Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) trafficking to cellular membranes in GBM cells. Importantly, in combination with IR, glimepiride, an FDA-approved medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, disrupts GSCs maintenance and suppresses glycolytic activity by restoring CLIP3 function. In addition, combining radiotherapy and glimepiride significantly reduced GBM growth and improved survival in a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Conclusions Our data suggest that radioresistant GBM cells exhibit enhanced stemness and glycolytic activity mediated by the Spy1-CLIP3 axis. Thus, glimepiride could be an attractive strategy for overcoming radioresistance and recurrence by rescuing CLIP3 expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02077-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Institute of Bioinnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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149
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Ali Redha A, Perna S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G, Nichetti M, Iannello G, Naso M, Faliva MA, Rondanelli M. Novel insights on anti-obesity potential of the miracle tree, Moringa oleifera: A systematic review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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150
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Grøndahl MFG, Johannesen J, Kristensen K, Knop FK. Treatment of type 2 diabetes in children: what are the specific considerations? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2127-2141. [PMID: 34420454 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1954160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The number of individuals under 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. These patients are often characterized by obesity and they often experience a more rapid disease progression than adults with type 2 diabetes. Thus, focus on prevention and management of complications and comorbidities is imperative. With emphasis on weight loss and optimal glycemic control, treatment includes lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy, which in this patient group is limited to metformin, liraglutide and insulin. In selected cases, bariatric surgery is indicated.Areas covered: This perspective article provides an overview of the literature covering pathophysiology, diagnosis, characteristics and treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes, and outlines the gaps in our knowledge where further research is needed. The paper draws on both mechanistic studies, large scale intervention trials, epidemiological studies and international consensus statements.Expert opinion: Type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients is an increasing health care problem, and the current treatment strategies do not successfully meet the many challenges and obstacles in this patient group. Treatments must be early, intensive, multifaceted and durable. Also, prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes in at-risk children should be addressed and prioritized on all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus F G Grøndahl
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kurt Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus - Children and Adolescence, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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