101
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Shita AD, Dharmayanti AW, Meilawaty Z, Lestari M, Mazaya IM. Increasing fibroblasts and gingival collagen density in periodontitis rats by using cassava leaf extract. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1321-1328. [PMID: 37293131 PMCID: PMC10245324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Porphyromonas gingivalis, as the main etiology of periodontitis, causes inflammation in the periodontal tissue, which triggers the immune response, fibroblast decline, and collagen destruction, generating attachment loss. Fibroblasts and collagen perform a fundamental role in the repair process of periodontal tissue. This study examined the potential of cassava leaf extract in increasing the quantity of fibroblasts and collagen density in the gingiva of rats with periodontitis. Methods A posttest-only control group was used in this study. The experiment involved 24 male Wistar rats divided into four different groups: control group, group induced by P. gingivalis and given aquadest, group induced by P. gingivalis and given metronidazole, and group induced by P. gingivalis and given cassava leaf extract. Gingival tissue was taken after euthanasia, after which histological preparations were made, and fibroblasts and collagen were observed. Results One-way analysis of variance revealed that the collagen density and fibroblasts quantity showed a notable difference between each group (p < 0.05), and interestingly, there was no significant difference between metronidazole and cassava leaf extract in the least significant difference test results (p > 0.05). Conclusion Cassava leaf extract has the potential to increase fibroblast quantity and collagen density in the gingiva of periodontitis rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandia D.P. Shita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Agustin W.S. Dharmayanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Zahara Meilawaty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Maria Lestari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Izzan M.A. Mazaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
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102
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Bhagchandani T, Nikita, Verma A, Tandon R. Exploring the Human Virome: Composition, Dynamics, and Implications for Health and Disease. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:16. [PMID: 38006423 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Humans are colonized by large number of microorganisms-bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The overall genome of entire viruses that either lives on or inside the human body makes up the human virome and is indeed an essential fraction of the human metagenome. Humans are constantly exposed to viruses as they are ubiquitously present on earth. The human virobiota encompasses eukaryotic viruses, bacteriophages, retroviruses, and even giant viruses. With the advent of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and ongoing development of numerous bioinformatic softwares, identification and taxonomic characterization of viruses have become easier. The viruses are abundantly present in humans; these can be pathogenic or commensal. The viral communities occupy various niches in the human body. The viruses start colonizing the infant gut soon after birth in a stepwise fashion and the viral composition diversify according to their feeding habits. Various factors such as diet, age, medications, etc. influence and shape the human virome. The viruses interact with the host immune system and these interactions have beneficial or detrimental effects on their host. The virome composition and abundance change during the course of disease and these alterations impact the immune system. Hence, the virome population in healthy and disease conditions influences the human host in numerous ways. This review presents an overview of assembly and composition of the human virome in healthy asymptomatic individuals, changes in the virome profiles, and host-virome interactions in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Verma
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Eggers B, Stope MB, Marciniak J, Mustea A, Eick S, Deschner J, Nokhbehsaim M, Kramer FJ. Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Reduces the Inflammatory Response in Microbially Prestimulated Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16156. [PMID: 38003346 PMCID: PMC10671174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), an electrically conductive gas, is playing an increasingly important role in medicine due to its antimicrobial and regenerative properties. However, NIPP is not yet well established in dentistry, although it has promising potential, especially for periodontological applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NIPP on a commercially available human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line and primary HGFs in the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria. First, primary HGFs from eight patients were characterised by immunofluorescence, and cell numbers were examined by an automatic cell counter over 5 days. Then, HGFs that were preincubated with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n.) were treated with NIPP. Afterwards, the IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. In HGFs, F.n. caused a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8, and this F.n.-induced upregulation of both cytokines was counteracted by NIPP, suggesting a beneficial effect of physical plasma on periodontal cells in a microbial environment. The application of NIPP in periodontal therapy could therefore represent a novel and promising strategy and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Eggers
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bernhard Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
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104
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Nittayananta W, Wongwitthayakool P, Srichana T, Setthanurakkul C, Yampuen P, Terachinda P, Deebunjerd T, Tachapiriyakun J. α-Mangostin and lawsone methyl ether in tooth gel synergistically increase its antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation effects in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:840. [PMID: 37940906 PMCID: PMC10631194 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES α-Mangostin (α-MG) and lawsone methyl ether (LME) show antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities. The objectives of this study were to develop a herbal tooth gel containing α-MG and LME plus fluoride and determine its antimicrobial, anti-biofilm formation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and enamel microhardness effects. METHODS Antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans were performed. The microbes' ultrastructural morphology was assessed using Transmission Electron Microscopy. The effect on microbial biofilm formation was tested by a broth microdilution. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by measuring inhibition of nitric oxide production. Enamel microhardness was measured via Vickers microhardness testing. The enamel chemical composition was investigated with Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The enamel surface morphology and fluoride content were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. RESULTS The results show synergistic effects of α-MG and LME on antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm formation without cytotoxicity at a therapeutic dose. At a higher dose, the tooth gel inhibited proliferation of cancer cell line. Enamel microhardness was increased after brushing with the tooth gel plus fluoride. A large amount of fluoride was detected on the enamel surface. CONCLUSION The tooth gel containing α-MG and LME synergized its antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm formation and inhibited oral cancer cell proliferation. Incorporating fluoride into the tooth gel increased enamel microhardness. Thus, the herbal tooth gel containing α-MG and LME plus fluoride may be useful for preventing dental caries and promoting oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Xu X, Jia Z, Chen N, Lele SM, Arash S, Reinhardt RA, Killeen AC, Wang D. The Development of Thermoresponsive Polymeric Simvastatin Prodrug for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5631-5645. [PMID: 37772991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a severe inflammatory gum pathology that damages the periodontal soft tissue and bone. It is highly prevalent in the US, affecting more than 47% of adults. Besides routine scaling and root planing, there are few effective treatments for PD. Developed as an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia, simvastatin (SIM) is also known for its well-established anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties, suggesting its potential utility in treating PD. Its clinical translation, however, has been impeded by its poor water-solubility, lack of osteotropicity, and side effects (e.g., hepatoxicity) associated with systemic exposure. To address these challenges, an N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-based thermoresponsive polymeric prodrug of SIM (ProGel-SIM) was developed as a local therapy for PD. Its aqueous solution is free-flowing at 4 °C and transitions into a hydrogel at ∼30 °C, allowing for easy local application and retention. After a thorough characterization of its physicochemical properties, ProGel-SIM was administered weekly into the periodontal pocket of an experimental rat model of PD. At 3 weeks post initiation of the treatment, the animals were euthanized with palate isolated for μ-CT and histological analyses. When compared to dose equivalent simvastatin acid (SMA, active form of SIM) treatment, the rats in the ProGel-SIM treated group showed significantly higher periodontal bone volume (0.34 mm3 vs 0.20 mm3, P = 0.0161) and less neutrophil (PMN) infiltration (P < 0.0001) and IL-1β secretion (P = 0.0036). No measurable side effect was observed. Collectively, these results suggest that ProGel-SIM may be developed as a promising drug candidate for the effective clinical treatment of PD.
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106
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Liu J, Ye SY, Xu XD, Liu Q, Ma F, Yu X, Luo YH, Chen LL, Zeng X. Multiomics analysis reveals the genetic and metabolic characteristics associated with the low prevalence of dental caries. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2277271. [PMID: 37928602 PMCID: PMC10623897 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2277271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite poor oral hygiene, the Baiku Yao (BKY) ethnic group in China presents a low prevalence of dental caries, which may be related to genetic susceptibility. Due to strict intra-ethnic marriage rule, this ethnic has an advantage in studying the interaction between genetic factors and other regulatory factors related to dental caries. Methods Peripheral blood from a caries-free adult male was used for whole genome sequencing, and the BKY assembled genome was compared to the Han Chinese genome. Oral saliva samples were collected from 51 subjects for metabolomic and metagenomic analysis. Multiomics data were integrated for combined analysis using bioinformatics approaches. Results Comparative genomic analysis revealed the presence of structural variations in several genes associated with dental caries. Metabolomic and metagenomic sequencing demonstrated the caries-free group had significantly higher concentration of antimicrobials and higher abundance of core oral health-related microbiota. The functional analysis indicated that cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway were enriched in the caries-free group. Conclusions Our study provided new insights into the specific regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the low prevalence of dental caries in the specific population and may provide new evidence for the genetic diagnosis and control of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Liu
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zeng
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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107
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Carrouel F, Kanoute A, Lvovschi VE, Bourgeois D. Periodontal pathogens of the interdental microbiota in a 3 months pregnant population with an intact periodontium. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275180. [PMID: 38029104 PMCID: PMC10646527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones and the oral microbiota of pregnant women both appear as cumulative risk factors for gingivitis. This cross-sectional study, using real-time PCR, investigated the composition and diversity of the microbiota in interdental spaces of 3 months pregnant women with intact periodontium according the 2018 EFP/AAP classification. Bacteria identified were belonged to the red (Porphyromonas gingivalis Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia), orange (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Parvimonas micra), and green (Eikenella corrodens and A. actinomycetencomitans) Socransky complexes. Approximatively 109.11 bacteria were counted per interdental space in pregnant women. Bacteria from the red complex represented 33.80% versus 62.81% for the orange group versus 3.39% for the green group of the total number spread over the 3 groups. Dietary habits and physical activity did not have a significant impact on interdental microbiota, although a decrease in the median amount of 9 periodontopathogens was observed when fruit and vegetable consumption increased. Pregnant women who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower counts of total bacteria and 9 periodontal pathogens than those who brushed less. In 3 months pregnant women at high risk of periodontal disease (>30% bleeding sites), the dendogram revealed 2 clusters of the 9 periodontopathogens. This provides further support for the "key pathogen" hypothesis, among which Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role, indicating that specific bacteria in limited quantities can influence the host immune system and convert the microbiota from symbiotic to dysbiotic to induce inflammatory disorder. As a result, this study reported that 3 months pregnant women with healthy periodontium had high levels of interdental bleeding and a dysbiotic microbiota with periodontal pathogens of the Socransky orange and red complexes. These subjects were therefore potentially at increased risk of developing periodontal disease and, consequently, an adverse pregnancy outcome. So, preventive oral prophylaxis measures, in particular individual interdental prophylaxis, should be implemented as soon as pregnancy is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Aida Kanoute
- Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Virginie-Eve Lvovschi
- Laboratory “Research on Healthcare Performance” (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
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108
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Balan P, Belibasakis G, Ivanovski S, Bostanci N, Seneviratne CJ. Community dynamics of subgingival microbiome in periodontitis and targets for microbiome modulation therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:726-738. [PMID: 36260510 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2133594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The microbial aetiology for periodontitis has been widely studied and deciphered for more than a century. The evolving and changing concepts about periodontal microbiology can be attributed to continuously developing laboratory techniques. The current sequencing platforms have not only expanded the catalog of periodontal pathogens but have also facilitated the understanding of functional interactions of the ecological framework. However, the translation of this new knowledge to advance periodontal therapeutics is minimal. We contend that novel clinical interventions directed beyond conventional therapies need to be emphasized. A clear understanding of the structural and functional dynamics of subgingival microbiota is a pre-requisite for developing any microbiome-based interventions for applications in periodontal health care. In this review, we discuss the 16 s-rRNA gene sequencing-based knowledge of the subgingival microbial community structure, its interactions and functions, and our perspective on the potential to engineer it for periodontal therapeutics. Harnessing this next-generation sequencing-based knowledge, microbiome modulation therapies are poised to change microbiome therapeutics' face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Balan
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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109
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Wan Jiun T, Taib H, Majdiah Wan Mohamad W, Mohamad S, Syamimee Wan Ghazali W. Periodontal health status, Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110940. [PMID: 37722261 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the primary periodontal pathogen involved in protein citrullination, which triggers the production of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, exacerbating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims to evaluate the amount of P. gingivalis and its association with anti-CCP antibodies in RA patients with periodontitis. This cross-sectional study involves 100 RA patients with a mean age of 52.36 (SD 13.90) years. Smokers and patients with other uncontrolled systemic diseases were excluded. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) was used to determine RA disease severity. Periodontal parameters were examined to determine periodontal status. Subsequently, plaque samples were collected from the subgingival periodontal pocket for assessment of P. gingivalis bacterial load using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. Blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from all participants to analyse anti-CCP antibody levels. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 24.0. Most participants were female (85.0%) and had low RA disease severity (62%). The mean RA disease duration was 7.77 (SD 6.3) years, with a mean DAS-28 of 3.17 (SD 1.0). Forty-seven per cent of participants had periodontitis, but all periodontal parameters were not associated with RA disease activity (P = 0.38). P. gingivalis bacterial load ranged from 10 to 109 copies/μl. Fifty-five per cent of the collected samples showed positive anti-CCP antibody levels, but no significant association was observed with the P. gingivalis bacterial load (P = 0.58). Considering the study's limitations, although periodontitis is prevalent among RA patients, there is a lack of association between P. gingivalis bacterial load and anti-CCP antibody levels, which should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wan Jiun
- Unit Pakar Periodontik, Klinik Pergigian Batu Muda, No. 7 Jalan 3/12, Taman Batu Muda 51100, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haslina Taib
- Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Majdiah Wan Mohamad
- Immunology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- Microbiology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syamimee Wan Ghazali
- Medical Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Soldati KR, Jiang Y, Brandt BW, Exterkate RAM, Buijs MJ, Nazmi K, Kaman WE, Cheng L, Bikker FJ, Crielaard W, Zandim-Barcelos DL, Deng DM. Differential Modulation of Saliva-Derived Microcosm Biofilms by Antimicrobial Peptide LL-31 and D-LL-31. Pathogens 2023; 12:1295. [PMID: 38003760 PMCID: PMC10675243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome modulation, aiming to restore a health-compatible microbiota, is a novel strategy to treat periodontitis. This study evaluated the modulation effects of antimicrobial peptide LL-31 and its D-enantiomer (D-LL-31) on saliva-derived microcosm biofilms, spiked with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis. To this end, one-day-old biofilms were incubated for 24 h with biofilm medium alone, or medium containing 40 µM LL-31 or D-LL-31, after which biofilms were grown for 5 days. Biofilms were assessed at 1 day and 5 days after intervention for the total viable cell counts, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) activity, P. gingivalis amount (by qPCR) and microbial composition (by sequencing). The results showed that D-LL-31, not LL-31, significantly reduced the total viable cell counts, the P. gingivalis amount, and the DPP4 activity of the biofilms spiked with P. gingivalis, but only at 1 day after intervention. In the biofilms spiked with P. gingivalis, D-LL-31 tended to reduce the α-diversity and the compositional shift of the biofilms in time as compared to the control and LL-31 groups. In conclusion, D-LL-31 showed a better performance than LL-31 in biofilm modulation. The biofilm modulation function of the peptides could be impaired when the biofilms were in a severely dysbiotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahena R. Soldati
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara 1680, SP, Brazil;
| | - Yaling Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Rob A. M. Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.N.); (W.E.K.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Wendy E. Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.N.); (W.E.K.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.N.); (W.E.K.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Daniela L. Zandim-Barcelos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara 1680, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.R.S.); (Y.J.); (B.W.B.); (R.A.M.E.); (M.J.B.); (W.C.)
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111
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Boia ER, Huț AR, Roi A, Luca RE, Munteanu IR, Roi CI, Riviș M, Boia S, Duse AO, Vulcănescu DD, Horhat FG. Associated Bacterial Coinfections in COVID-19-Positive Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1858. [PMID: 37893576 PMCID: PMC10607966 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify specific rhino- and oropharyngeal microbiological pathogens as well as associated comorbidities that favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and corelate them. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study enrolled 61 patients (28 COVID-19-positive and 33 controls) who were tested for other comorbidities and co-existence of associated oral pathogenic microbiota. Results: A total of 247 bacterial isolates were identified in the bacterial cultures in both groups. Viral hepatitis type A was more prevalent in the COVID-19-positive group (p = 0.026), as was the presence of oral candidiasis (p = 0.006). In the control group, a moderate direct relationship was observed between the Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and dermatitis, and strong direct relationships were observed between the Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and external otitis, Streptococcus pyogenes and dental alveolitis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In the test group, strong direct relationships were observed between Hemophilus influenzae and pulmonary thromboembolism; Staphylococcus aureus and autoimmune thyroiditis; post-viral immunosuppression, chronic coronary syndrome, and hypernatremia; Beta hemolytic streptococcus group C and rheumatoid polyneuropathy; Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and hyperkalemia, hypothyroidism, secondary anemia, and splenomegaly; and active oral candidiasis and SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia. The following relationships were strong, but inverse: Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and acute respiratory failure, and active oral candidiasis and SARS-CoV-2 viral bronchopneumonia. Conclusions: Briefly, COVID-19-positive patients have the predisposition to build up associated comorbidities and coinfections, which can be the expression of the immune burden that this virus generates to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Radu Boia
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Romulus Huț
- PhD Researcher, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Roi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ruxandra Elena Luca
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (R.E.L.); (I.R.M.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Munteanu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (R.E.L.); (I.R.M.)
| | - Ciprian Ioan Roi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Mircea Riviș
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Octavia Duse
- Department of Physical Medicine, Balneology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for the Evaluation of Movement, Functionality and Disability, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dan Dumitru Vulcănescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.D.V.); (F.G.H.)
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.D.V.); (F.G.H.)
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112
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Zhang S, Han Y, Schofield W, Nicosia M, Karell PE, Newhall KP, Zhou JY, Musich RJ, Pan S, Valujskikh A, Sangwan N, Dwidar M, Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Select symbionts drive high IgA levels in the mouse intestine. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1620-1638.e7. [PMID: 37776865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, yet luminal IgA levels vary widely. Total IgA levels are thought to be driven by individual immune responses to specific microbes. Here, we found that the prebiotic, pectin oligosaccharide (pec-oligo), induced high IgA levels in the small intestine in a T cell-dependent manner. Surprisingly, this IgA-high phenotype was retained after cessation of pec-oligo treatment, and microbiome transmission either horizontally or vertically was sufficient to retain high IgA levels in the absence of pec-oligo. Interestingly, the bacterial taxa enriched in the overall pec-oligo bacterial community differed from IgA-coated microbes in this same community. Rather, a group of ethanol-resistant microbes, highly enriched for Lachnospiraceae bacterium A2, drove the IgA-high phenotype. These findings support a model of intestinal adaptive immunity in which a limited number of microbes can promote durable changes in IgA directed to many symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, P.R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul E Karell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kevin P Newhall
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ryan J Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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113
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Kerns KA, Bamashmous S, Hendrickson EL, Kotsakis GA, Leroux BG, Daubert DD, Roberts FA, Chen D, Trivedi HM, Darveau RP, McLean JS. Localized microbially induced inflammation influences distant healthy tissues in the human oral cavity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306020120. [PMID: 37782795 PMCID: PMC10576129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in human immune response to the same bacterial or viral pathogen is well established in the literature. Variation in immune response to microbial challenge has also been observed within the human oral cavity. Our recent study focused on characterizing observed variations in microbially induced gingival inflammation-resulting in three distinct clinical Inflammatory Responder Types (IRTs): High-IRT, Low-IRT, and Slow-IRT. Here, we applied a high-resolution temporal multiomic analysis during microbially induced inflammation in order to characterize the effects of localized oral inflammation on distant healthy tissues in young healthy adults. Our results highlight a nonlocalized subclinical effect with alterations in proinflammatory host mediators and an ecological shift toward dysbiosis within the subgingival microbiome in an IRT-dependent manner-despite maintained oral hygiene. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how healthy tissues within humans are influenced by distant localized inflammation and may ultimately become susceptible to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. Kerns
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Shatha Bamashmous
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Brian G. Leroux
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Diane D. Daubert
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Frank A. Roberts
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Oral Health Research, Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Department of Oral Health Research, Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Richard P. Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Jeffrey S. McLean
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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114
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Hung M, Kelly R, Mohajeri A, Reese L, Badawi S, Frost C, Sevathas T, Lipsky MS. Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Younger Individuals: A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6442. [PMID: 37892578 PMCID: PMC10607667 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease that affects many young adults, and if left untreated, it can have lasting and permanent effects on an individual's oral health. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the recent literature to identify factors that place young individuals at risk of stage II or III periodontitis. Using the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, three databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed human studies published in English that investigated risk factors associated with stage II and/or III periodontitis in individuals less than 40 years of age. This review excluded abstracts, literature reviews, including narrative, scoping, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses, conference proceedings, letters to the editor, and editorials. The authors then extracted data from the relevant studies using a predefined form to summarize the aims, design, results, risk factors examined, and the type and severity of periodontitis. Among a total of 2676 articles screened, only three articles met the review's inclusion criteria. Of these articles, one was a longitudinal case-control study and two were cross-sectional studies. Identified risk factors associated with stage II or III periodontitis included self-reported bleeding when brushing, low bone mineral density, being overweight, and smoking in young adults. Of note, only three studies met the inclusion criteria, suggesting a gap in the research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Operations, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Roah Kelly
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Amir Mohajeri
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Logan Reese
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Sarah Badawi
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Cole Frost
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Taroniar Sevathas
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Martin S. Lipsky
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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115
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Lestari KD, Dwiputri E, Kurniawan Tan GH, Sulijaya B, Soeroso Y, Natalina N, Harsas NA, Takahashi N. Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Konjac Glucomannan in Periodontitis: Animal and In Vitro Studies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1778. [PMID: 37893496 PMCID: PMC10608271 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. P. gingivalis bacterium is the keystone pathogen in periodontitis, so even at low concentrations, it has a considerable influence on the oral community. Antimicrobials and antiplaque agents can be used as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis treatment. Konjac glucomannan (KGM), as a natural polysaccharide, has flavonoid (3,5-diacetyltambulin) and triterpenoids (ambylon) compounds that show antibacterial activity. This research aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of KGM on animal and in vitro periodontitis models. Materials and Methods: The animal study divided 48 mice into four groups (control, KGM, periodontitis, KGM + periodontitis). Mice were given an intervention substance by oral gavage from day 1 to day 14, periodontitis was induced on day 7, and decapitation was performed on day 14. Samples from the right maxillary jaw of mice were used for histological preparations and morphometrics analysis. In vitro studies were carried out by adding several concentrations of KGM (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) into a planktonic P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis biofilm. Results: In the animal model, KGM could prevent alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis mice model, both in histologic and morphometrics assessments. In vitro, KGM had antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis with better bacteriostatic (15-23%) than bactericidal (11-20%) ability, proven by its ability to inhibit P. gingivalis proliferation. Conclusions: KGM can be considered to have the potential as an antibacterial agent to prevent periodontitis. The prevention of periodontitis may improve patient well-being and human quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Dhipta Lestari
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Edlyn Dwiputri
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Geraldi Hartono Kurniawan Tan
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Natalina Natalina
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Nadhia Anindhita Harsas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
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Regueira-Iglesias A, Balsa-Castro C, Blanco-Pintos T, Tomás I. Critical review of 16S rRNA gene sequencing workflow in microbiome studies: From primer selection to advanced data analysis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:347-399. [PMID: 37804481 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The multi-batch reanalysis approach of jointly reevaluating gene/genome sequences from different works has gained particular relevance in the literature in recent years. The large amount of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequence data stored in public repositories and information in taxonomic databases of the same gene far exceeds that related to complete genomes. This review is intended to guide researchers new to studying microbiota, particularly the oral microbiota, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and those who want to expand and update their knowledge to optimise their decision-making and improve their research results. First, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of using the 16S rRNA gene as a phylogenetic marker and the latest findings on the impact of primer pair selection on diversity and taxonomic assignment outcomes in oral microbiome studies. Strategies for primer selection based on these results are introduced. Second, we identified the key factors to consider in selecting the sequencing technology and platform. The process and particularities of the main steps for processing 16S rRNA gene-derived data are described in detail to enable researchers to choose the most appropriate bioinformatics pipeline and analysis methods based on the available evidence. We then produce an overview of the different types of advanced analyses, both the most widely used in the literature and the most recent approaches. Several indices, metrics and software for studying microbial communities are included, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Considering the principles of clinical metagenomics, we conclude that future research should focus on rigorous analytical approaches, such as developing predictive models to identify microbiome-based biomarkers to classify health and disease states. Finally, we address the batch effect concept and the microbiome-specific methods for accounting for or correcting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Triana Blanco-Pintos
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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117
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Xiao J, Huang X, Wang H, Peng Y, Liu H, Huang H, Ma L, Wang C, Wang X, Cao Z. CKIP-1 Promotes P. gingivalis-Induced Inflammation of Periodontal Soft Tissues by Inhibiting Autophagy. Inflammation 2023; 46:1997-2010. [PMID: 37351817 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease, periodontitis involves many biological processes including autophagy. At the same time, casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) was reported to play a role in regulation of inflammation. But whether CKIP-1 and autophagy interact in periodontitis remains unclear. In this paper, our research team verified the levels of CKIP-1 expression and autophagy increase in the periodontal tissues of a ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model. And this result was also confirmed in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-induced human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human periodontal ligament cells (PDLC). We also showed the autophagy level in periodontal tissues is higher in Ckip-1 knockout (KO) mice than wild type (WT). At the same time, CKIP-1 knockdown lentivirus was used in PDLC and HGF, and it was found that silencing CKIP-1 significantly activated autophagy. Unfortunately, the regulatory role of autophagy in periodontitis is still unclear. Then, the autophagy agonist Rapamycin and inhibitor 3-MA were used in a periodontitis mouse model to investigate periodontal tissue destruction. We found the inflammation in periodontal tissue was reduced when autophagy activated. All these conclusions have been verified both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Finally, our research proved that silencing CKIP-1 reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines in Pg-induced PDLC and HGF by regulating autophagy. Overall, a new role for CKIP-1 in regulating periodontal tissue inflammation was demonstrated in our study, and it is possible to treat periodontitis by targeting the CKIP-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yan Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Heyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hantao Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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118
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Meyer HL, Abdelbary MMH, Buhl EM, Kuppe C, Conrads G. Exploring the genetic and functional diversity of Porphyromonas gingivalis long fimbriae. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:408-423. [PMID: 37750230 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathobiont in periodontitis. Its long fimbriae consist of a single anchor (FimB), a varying number of stalk (FimA), and three accessory (tip-related) proteins (FimC, FimD, and FimE). Based on 133 strains/genomes available, it was our aim to investigate the diversity within FimA and FimB and explain the variety of long fimbriae (super-)structures. Combining the new forward primer fimAnewF with the established fimAunivR, we were able to amplify and sequence fimA including its leader region covering all genotypes and serotypes for phylogenetic analysis. We designed two primer pairs sensing the presence of an internal stop codon in fimB with an impact on fimbrial length. Finally, we examined fimbrial secondary structures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phylogeny of fimA/FimA revealed two new subtypes (IIa and IIb) with specific changes in functional domains and thus adding to the current classification scheme (I, Ib, and II-V). Regarding evolution, we confirm that Porphyromonas gulae fimA-type A is closely related to human P. gingivalis strains of cluster Ib and might be its ancestor genotype. A fimB internal stop codon is rare and was found in ATCC 33277 only. Comparing P. gingivalis TEM/SEM pictures of type I ATCC 33277 with type V OMI622 revealed a broad spectrum of fimbrial structures including bundling, cell-cell knotting, and brick-wall formation. In conclusion, FimA forms more distinct subtypes than previously known. The bundling of long fimbriae, a mechanism known from EPEC/EHEC and Salmonella, is proposed and supported by TEM/SEM pictures for the first time here. The role and variations of terminal accessory FimC-E in superstructure formation and/or (co-) adhesion should be investigated more closely next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leonhard Meyer
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Tan L, Chan W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang Z, Liu J, Li J, Liu X, Wang M, Hao L, Yue Y. Regulation of RIP1-Mediated necroptosis via necrostatin-1 in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:919-931. [PMID: 37334934 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis during periodontitis progression. BACKGROUND RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) have been detected to be upregulated in periodontitis models. Because RIP1 is involved in necroptosis, it might also play a role in the progression of periodontitis. METHODS An experimental periodontitis model in BALB/c mice was established by inducing oral bacterial infection. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to detect RIP1 expression in the periodontal ligament. Porphyromonas gingivalis was used to stimulate L929 and MC3T3-E1. RIP1 was inhibited using small-interfering RNA. Western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were used to detect the effect of necroptosis inhibition on the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns and inflammatory cytokines. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was intraperitoneally injected to inhibit RIP1 expression in mice. Necroptosis activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal tissue were verified. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was applied to observe osteoclasts in the bone tissues of different groups. RESULTS RIP1-mediated necroptosis was activated in mice with periodontitis. P. gingivalis induced RIP1-mediated necroptosis in L929 and MC3T3-E1 cells. After RIP1 inhibition, the expression levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated. After inhibiting RIP1 with Nec-1 in vivo, necroptosis was also inhibited, the expression levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated, and osteoclast counts in the periodontal tissue decreased. CONCLUSION RIP1-mediated necroptosis plays a role in the pathological process of periodontitis in mice. Nec-1 inhibited necroptosis, alleviated inflammation in periodontal tissue, and reduced bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weicheng Chan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Prosthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Antezack A, Etchecopar-Etchart D, La Scola B, Monnet-Corti V. New putative periodontopathogens and periodontal health-associated species: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:893-906. [PMID: 37572051 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the existence of any association between new putative periodontal pathogens and periodontitis. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, DOSS and Google Scholar databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies prior to November 2022. Studies comparing the prevalence of microorganisms other than the already-known periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and/or saliva samples between subjects with periodontitis and subject with periodontal health were included. Meta-analyses were performed on data provided by the included studies. Fifty studies including a total of 2739 periodontitis subjects and 1747 subjects with periodontal health were included. The Archaea domain and 25 bacterial species (Anaeroglobus geminatus, Bacteroidales [G-2] bacterium HMT 274, Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041, Dialister invisus, Dialister pneumosintes, Eubacterium brachy, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium saphenum, Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 360, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 362, Mogibacterium timidum, Peptoniphilaceae sp. HMT 113, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Slackia exigua, Streptococcus gordonii, Selenomonas sputigena, Treponema amylovorum, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Treponema maltophilum, Treponema medium, Treponema parvum and Treponema socranskii) were found to be statistically significantly associated with periodontitis. Network studies should be conducted to investigate the role of these newly identified periodontitis-associated microorganisms through interspecies interaction and host-microbe crosstalk analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Antezack
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Pôle Odontologie, Service de Parodontologie, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Etchecopar-Etchart
- EA 3279: CEREeSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Monnet-Corti
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Pôle Odontologie, Service de Parodontologie, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Yuan D, Fu C, Zheng L, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Wu H, Tian Q. Abundance, community and driving factor of nitrifiers in western China plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116565. [PMID: 37419201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) is one of the most important biogeochemical processes, with recent studies showing that comammox process dominates nitrification in many ecosystems. However, the abundance, community and driving factor of comammox bacteria and other nitrifying microorganisms in plateau wetland is still unclear. Here, the abundances and community features of comammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the wetland sediments of western China plateaus were examined using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. The results indicate that comammox bacteria were more abundant than AOA and AOB, and dominated the nitrification process. Compared with low-elevation samples (below 3000 m: samples 6-10, 12, 13, 15, 16), the abundance of comammox bacteria was much higher at high-elevation samples (above 3000 m: samples 1-5, 11, 14, 17, 18). The key species of AOA, AOB, and comammox bacteria were Nitrososphaera viennensis, Nitrosomonas europaea, and Nitrospira nitrificans, respectively. The key factor affecting comammox bacteria community was elevation. Elevation could increase the interaction links of key species Nitrospira nitrificans, resulting in high comammox bacterial abundance. The results of this study advance our knowledge of comammox bacteria in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chaochen Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Toyoshima K, Ohsugi Y, Lin P, Komatsu K, Shiba T, Takeuchi Y, Hirota T, Shimohira T, Tsuchiya Y, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A. Blue Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation Without a Photosensitizer Alters Oral Microbiome Composition of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:549-559. [PMID: 37788456 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the suppressive effects of blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on bone resorption and changes in the oral microbiome of mice with ligature-induced periodontitis. Background: Wavelength of blue light has antimicrobial effects; however, whether blue LED irradiation alone inhibits the progression of periodontitis remains unclear. Methods: Nine-week-old male mice ligated ligature around the right maxillary second molar was divided into ligation alone (Li) and ligation with blue LED irradiation (LiBL) groups. The LiBL group underwent blue LED (wavelength, 455 nm) irradiation four times in a week at 150 mW/cm2 without a photosensitizer on the gingival tissue around the ligated tooth at a distance of 5 mm for 5 min. The total energy density per day was 45 J/cm2. Bone resorption was evaluated using micro-computed tomography at 8 days. Differences in the oral microbiome composition of the collected ligatures between the Li and LiBL groups were analyzed using next-generation sequencing based on the 16S rRNA gene from the ligatures. Results: Blue LED irradiation did not suppress bone resorption caused by ligature-induced periodontitis. However, in the LiBL group, the α-diversity, number of observed features, and Chao1 were significantly decreased. The relative abundances in phylum Myxococcota and Bacteroidota were underrepresented, and the genera Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Lactobacillus were significantly overrepresented by blue LED exposure. Metagenomic function prediction indicated an increase in the downregulated pathways related to microbial energy metabolism after irradiation. The co-occurrence network was altered to a simpler structure in the LiBL group, and the number of core genera decreased. Conclusions: Blue LED irradiation altered the composition and network of the oral microbiome of ligature-induced periodontitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Toyoshima
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Costa RC, Borges GA, Dini C, Bertolini M, Souza JGS, Mesquita MF, Barão VAR. Clinical efficacy of triclosan-containing toothpaste in peri-implant health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00508-5. [PMID: 37723004 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Recent evidence suggests that toothpaste containing 0.3% triclosan (TCS) is more effective than regular toothpaste in improving clinical periodontal conditions. However, a consensus on whether TCS favors a healthy peri-implant environment is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was to determine the effects of TCS-containing toothpaste on dental implant health based on clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters, as well as on reported adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical studies comparing peri-implant conditions in participants by using TCS toothpaste versus conventional fluoride toothpaste (control) were extracted from 9 databases. The studies were assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RoB 2). Datasets for bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators, and bacterial load were plotted, and the standard mean difference (SMD) quantitative analysis was applied by using the Rev Man 5.3 software program. Adverse effects reported by the studies were also tabulated. The certainty of evidence was assessed by using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach. RESULTS Six studies were included in the meta-analyses. BOP was higher in the control group than in the TCS toothpaste group at 3 months (SMD -0.59 [-1.11, -.07] P=.002, I2=77%) and 6 months (SMD -0.59 [-0.83, -0.34] P=.009, I2=79%). PD (SMD -0.04 [-0.08, -0.00] P=.04, I2=0%) was also deeper in the control group versus TCS toothpaste at 6 months (SMD -0.41 [-0.73, -0.10] P=.04, I2=77%). CAL, GI, and PI did not differ between groups (P>.05). Among the osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators, IL-10 levels increased, and IL-1β and osteoprotegerin levels decreased in the TCS toothpaste group (P<.05). Microbiological findings found that TCS toothpaste prevented the growth of periodontal pathogens, specifically in up to approximately 20% of the Prevotella intermedia. Adverse effects were not reported after toothbrushing in either group. However, most studies had "some" or "high" risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was considered to be "very low." CONCLUSIONS Most studies were short-term (3 and 6 months) analyses, and the results found that, although TCS-containing toothpaste had positive osteo-immunoinflammatory and microbiologic results, clinical parameters, including CAL, GI, and PI, were not influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Almeida Borges
- PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dini
- PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Joāo Gabriel S Souza
- Professor, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
- Full Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
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Peled Y, Stewart CA, Glogauer M, Finer Y. The Role of Bacterial, Dentinal, Salivary, and Neutrophil Degradative Activity in Caries Pathogenesis. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:217. [PMID: 37754337 PMCID: PMC10528424 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, it was widely accepted that bacteria participate in caries pathogenesis mainly through carbohydrate fermentation and acid production, which promote the dissolution of tooth components. Neutrophils, on the other hand, were considered white blood cells with no role in caries pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current literature suggests that both bacteria and neutrophils, among other factors, possess direct degradative activity towards both dentinal collagen type-1 and/or methacrylate resin-based restoratives and adhesives, the most common dental restoratives. Neutrophils are abundant leukocytes in the gingival sulcus, where they can readily reach adjacent tooth roots or gingival and cervical restorations and execute their degradative activity. In this review, we present the latest literature evidence for bacterial, dentinal, salivary, and neutrophil degradative action that may induce primary caries, secondary caries, and restoration failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Peled
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Lamont RJ, Hajishengallis G, Koo H. Social networking at the microbiome-host interface. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0012423. [PMID: 37594277 PMCID: PMC10501221 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00124-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial species colonizing host ecosystems in health or disease rarely do so alone. Organisms conglomerate into dynamic heterotypic communities or biofilms in which interspecies and interkingdom interactions drive functional specialization of constituent species and shape community properties, including nososymbiocity or pathogenic potential. Cell-to-cell binding, exchange of signaling molecules, and nutritional codependencies can all contribute to the emergent properties of these communities. Spatial constraints defined by community architecture also determine overall community function. Multilayered interactions thus occur between individual pairs of organisms, and the relative impact can be determined by contextual cues. Host responses to heterotypic communities and impact on host surfaces are also driven by the collective action of the community. Additionally, the range of interspecies interactions can be extended by bacteria utilizing host cells or host diet to indirectly or directly influence the properties of other organisms and the community microenvironment. In contexts where communities transition to a dysbiotic state, their quasi-organismal nature imparts adaptability to nutritional availability and facilitates resistance to immune effectors and, moreover, exploits inflammatory and acidic microenvironments for their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kohil A, Abdalla W, Ibrahim WN, Al-Harbi KM, Al-Haidose A, Al-Asmakh M, Abdallah AM. The Immunomodulatory Role of Microbiota in Rheumatic Heart Disease: What Do We Know and What Can We Learn from Other Rheumatic Diseases? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1629. [PMID: 37763748 PMCID: PMC10536446 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) represents a serious cardiac sequela of acute rheumatic fever, occurring in 30-45% of patients. RHD is multifactorial, with a strong familial predisposition and known environmental risk factors that drive loss of immunological tolerance. The gut and oral microbiome have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of RHD. Disruption of the delicate balance of the microbiome, or dysbiosis, is thought to lead to autoimmune responses through several different mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation. However, data on the microbiomes of RHD patients are scarce. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we explore the various dimensions of the intricate relationship between the microbiome and the immune system in RHD and other rheumatic diseases to explore the potential effect of microbiota on RHD and opportunities for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kohil
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Wafa Abdalla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.A.-A.)
| | - Wisam N. Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.A.-A.)
| | - Khalid M. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Al-Haidose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.A.-A.)
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.A.-A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.A.-A.)
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Liu S, Men X, Guo Y, Cai W, Wu R, Gao R, Zhong W, Guo H, Ruan H, Chou S, Mai J, Ping S, Jiang C, Zhou H, Mou X, Zhao W, Lu Z. Gut microbes exacerbate systemic inflammation and behavior disorders in neurologic disease CADASIL. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:202. [PMID: 37684694 PMCID: PMC10486110 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cerebral small vessel disease that carries mutations in NOTCH3. The clinical manifestations are influenced by genetic and environmental factors that may include gut microbiome. RESULTS We investigated the fecal metagenome, fecal metabolome, serum metabolome, neurotransmitters, and cytokines in a cohort of 24 CADASIL patients with 28 healthy household controls. The integrated-omics study showed CADASIL patients harbored an altered microbiota composition and functions. The abundance of bacterial coenzyme A, thiamin, and flavin-synthesizing pathways was depleted in patients. Neurotransmitter balance, represented by the glutamate/GABA (4-aminobutanoate) ratio, was disrupted in patients, which was consistent with the increased abundance of two major GABA-consuming bacteria, Megasphaera elsdenii and Eubacterium siraeum. Essential inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in patients, accompanied by an increased abundance of bacterial virulence gene homologs. The abundance of patient-enriched Fusobacterium varium positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Random forest classification based on gut microbial species, serum cytokines, and neurotransmitters showed high predictivity for CADASIL with AUC = 0.89. Targeted culturomics and mechanisms study further showed that patient-derived F. varium infection caused systemic inflammation and behavior disorder in Notch3R170C/+ mice potentially via induction of caspase-8-dependent noncanonical inflammasome activation in macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings suggested the potential linkage among the brain-gut-microbe axis in CADASIL. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejiao Men
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Mental and Neurological Disorders, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Mental and Neurological Disorders, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Mental and Neurological Disorders, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongsui Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Weicong Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Huating Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengfang Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Mental and Neurological Disorders, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuli Chou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrui Mai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Suning Ping
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Mou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center for the Study of Mental and Neurological Disorders, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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Arumuganainar D, Subramaniam G, Kurumathur Vasudevan A, Subbusamy Kanakasabapathy B. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum Extracts on Bacteria From Dental Plaque Biofilm. Cureus 2023; 15:e45202. [PMID: 37842394 PMCID: PMC10576197 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The focus of research has recently shifted toward developing herbal-based medicines due to the emerging bacterial resistance and side effects of antibiotics. Solanum xanthocarpum (Sx) is a medicinal plant with potent pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of its crude extracts on bacteria isolated from dental plaque in patients with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts were prepared from Sx. Dental plaque samples were collected from patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. Disk diffusion assay was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts at concentrations of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml with ampicillin 200 mg/ml as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract was also evaluated by broth dilution test against bacteria isolated from dental plaque biofilm. RESULTS The antibacterial activity was estimated by measuring the zones of inhibition through the disc diffusion method. The Kruskal Wallis with Dunn post hoc test performed for intergroup comparison between the various extracts showed a statistically significant difference in inhibition of bacterial growth between 25 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml concentrations. There was no significant difference between the 75 mg/ml Sx concentration and the positive control. In addition, the MIC was elucidated to be 0.625 g/ml, at which there was maximum inhibition of bacterial growth. CONCLUSION The Sx extract exhibited antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens. Thus, it can be concluded that optimum concentrations of Sx could be used in therapeutic strategies to prevent and manage periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopinath Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Clark ND, Pham C, Kurniyati K, Sze CW, Coleman L, Fu Q, Zhang S, Malkowski MG, Li C. Functional and structural analyses reveal that a dual domain sialidase protects bacteria from complement killing through desialylation of complement factors. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011674. [PMID: 37747935 PMCID: PMC10553830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is the first line of innate immune defense against microbial infections. To survive in humans and cause infections, bacterial pathogens have developed sophisticated mechanisms to subvert the complement-mediated bactericidal activity. There are reports that sialidases, also known as neuraminidases, are implicated in bacterial complement resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several complement proteins (e.g., C1q, C4, and C5) and regulators (e.g., factor H and C4bp) are modified by various sialoglycans (glycans with terminal sialic acids), which are essential for their functions. This report provides both functional and structural evidence that bacterial sialidases can disarm the complement system via desialylating key complement proteins and regulators. The oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a "keystone" pathogen of periodontitis, produces a dual domain sialidase (PG0352). Biochemical analyses reveal that PG0352 can desialylate human serum and complement factors and thus protect bacteria from serum killing. Structural analyses show that PG0352 contains a N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and a C-terminal sialidase domain that exhibits a canonical six-bladed β-propeller sialidase fold with each blade composed of 3-4 antiparallel β-strands. Follow-up functional studies show that PG0352 forms monomers and is active in a broad range of pH. While PG0352 can remove both N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), it has a higher affinity to Neu5Ac, the most abundant sialic acid in humans. Structural and functional analyses further demonstrate that the CBM binds to carbohydrates and serum glycoproteins. The results shown in this report provide new insights into understanding the role of sialidases in bacterial virulence and open a new avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms of bacterial complement resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Clark
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Pham
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kurni Kurniyati
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ching Wooen Sze
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laurynn Coleman
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qin Fu
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunhao Li
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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130
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Lohiya DV, Mehendale AM, Lohiya DV, Lahoti HS, Agrawal VN. Effects of Periodontitis on Major Organ Systems. Cureus 2023; 15:e46299. [PMID: 37915876 PMCID: PMC10616634 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the fact that oral disorders are not merely localized to the mouth; in a broader sense, they also have a more significant impact on systemic health. In this review, we tried to bring to the notice various complications of periodontitis on the body's major organ systems. It has also been suggested that there is a potential connection between periodontitis and certain systemic disorders. Reviewing this fascinating topic is necessary. The objective is to create a thorough body of knowledge on the subject that is simple to access, alert medical professionals to the connection between dental health and systemic health, and highlight the necessity of a more thorough incorporation of medical and dental training. Periodontitis is a probable risk factor for various problems connected to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, central nervous, and reproductive systems. It is a continual likely source of infection. Oral health affects overall health, and if extensive healthcare is ever accomplished, dental health should never be considered a distinct, remote, and lower significant part of health wholly disconnected from quality of life. One should never underestimate oral disorders as being acute and always curable. People should take utmost care and take the condition seriously to prevent significant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti V Lohiya
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashok M Mehendale
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Divya V Lohiya
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harsh S Lahoti
- Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vidhi N Agrawal
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Arnett MC, Chanthavisouk P, Costalonga M, Blue CM, Evans MD, Paulson DR. Effect of scaling and root planing with and without minocycline HCl microspheres on periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1133-1145. [PMID: 37191955 PMCID: PMC10525010 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes in Stage II-IV Grade B periodontitis participants. METHODS Seventy participants were randomized to receive SRP (n = 35) or SRP+MM (n = 35). Saliva and clinical outcomes were collected for both groups at baseline before SRP, 1-month reevaluation, and at 3- and 6-month periodontal recall. MM were delivered to pockets ≥5 mm immediately after SRP and immediately after the 3-month periodontal maintenance in the SRP+MM group. A proprietary saliva test* was utilized to quantitate 11 putative periodontal pathogens. Microorganisms and clinical outcomes were compared between groups using generalized linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects and random effects terms. Mean changes from baseline were compared between groups via group-by-visit interaction tests. RESULTS Significant reduction in Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, and Eikenella corrodens were identified at the 1-month reevaluation after SRP+MM. Six months after SRP with a re-application of MM 3 months after SRP, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly reduced. SRP+MM participants had significant clinical outcome reductions in pockets ≥5 mm at the reevaluation, 3- and 6-month periodontal maintenance, and clinical attachment loss gains at the 6-month periodontal maintenance. CONCLUSION MM delivered immediately after SRP and reapplication at 3 months appeared to contribute to improved clinical outcomes and sustained decreased numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Arnett
- Department of Primary Dental Care, Division of Dental Hygiene, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Phonsuda Chanthavisouk
- Department of Primary Dental Care, Division of Dental Therapy, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine M. Blue
- Department of Primary Dental Care, Division of Dental Hygiene, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael D. Evans
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Danna R. Paulson
- Department of Primary Dental Care, Division of Dental Hygiene, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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132
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Lee YH, Hong JY. Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1229145. [PMID: 37719278 PMCID: PMC10500072 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1229145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Halitosis or oral malodor is an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. However, although patients with periodontitis often complain of halitosis, their relationship has not been fully elucidated. We reviewed previous literature based on the hypothesis that the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis is mediated by the oral microbiome. Materials and methods This narrative review sought to provide insight into the causative role of the oral microbiome in influencing halitosis and periodontitis. In addition, we tried to deepen knowledge related to the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis generated by the oral microbiome accumulated over the past 40 years. Results From 1984 to 2023, a total of 106 papers that carefully and scientifically dealt with halitosis and periodontitis were included in this narrative review. Based on previous results, halitosis and periodontitis were closely related. For decades, researchers have taken an intriguing approach to the question of whether there is a relationship between halitosis and periodontitis. Central factors in the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis include volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), the oral microbiota that produce VSCs, and the inflammatory response. Conclusions Taken together, the more severe periodontitis, the higher the level of VSC in halitosis, which may be mediated by oral microbiome. However, the relationship between the occurrence, maintenance, and exacerbation of periodontitis and halitosis is not a necessary and sufficient condition for each other because they are complex interplay even in one individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mondal A, Sharma R, Abiha U, Ahmad F, Karan A, Jayaraj RL, Sundar V. A Spectrum of Solutions: Unveiling Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Manage Autism Spectrum Disorder. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1584. [PMID: 37763703 PMCID: PMC10536417 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that causes difficulty while socializing and communicating and the performance of stereotyped behavior. ASD is thought to have a variety of causes when accompanied by genetic disorders and environmental variables together, resulting in abnormalities in the brain. A steep rise in ASD has been seen regardless of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical therapeutic techniques. Therefore, using complementary and alternative therapies to treat autism could be very significant. Thus, this review is completely focused on non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions which include different diets, supplements, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins and minerals to manage ASD. Additionally, we also focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, herbal remedies, camel milk and cannabiodiol. Additionally, we concentrate on how palatable phytonutrients provide a fresh glimmer of hope in this situation. Moreover, in addition to phytochemicals/nutraceuticals, it also focuses on various microbiomes, i.e., gut, oral, and vaginal. Therefore, the current comprehensive review opens a new avenue for managing autistic patients through non-pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Mondal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda 151401, India
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Umme Abiha
- IDRP, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur 342030, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vaishnavi Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Xu J, Jia Y, Mao Z, Wei X, Qiu T, Hu M. Association between serum uric acid, hyperuricemia and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:610. [PMID: 37644435 PMCID: PMC10466695 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes and other metabolic diseases have been linked to the development of periodontitis, but little research has been done to determine whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hyperuricemia play a role. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SUA, hyperuricemia, and periodontitis. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, we created a nationally representative data set. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the relationship between SUA, hyperuricemia, and periodontitis and presented odds ratios (OR) in women and men, respectively. RESULTS In women, adjusted multivariable regression models showed that SUA (4.1-4.3mg/dl) was associated with higher odds of periodontitis (OR = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.0 ~ 2.03, p = 0.047) with SUA (≤ 3.3mg/dl) as reference. The risk of periodontitis tended to increase slightly but insignificantly with increasing SUA levels, and the adverse effects occurred only when SUA increased to a certain level, and then reached a plateau. In men, the adjusted OR values for SUA (4.9-5.2mg/dl), SUA (5.3-5.5mg/dl), SUA (5.9-6.2mg/dl), and SUA (6.3-6.5mg/dl) were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45 ~ 0.96, p = 0.029), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40 ~ 0.85, p = 0.006), 0.67(95% CI: 0.47 ~ 0.97, p = 0.035), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.45 ~ 0.99, p = 0.043), respectively, with SUA (≤ 4.3mg/dl) as reference. The elevated SUA levels are protective against periodontitis, but there is a range within which the risk of periodontitis decreases, followed by a non-significant tendency to increase. CONCLUSIONS The levels of SUA that are linked to the risk of periodontitis. Future prospective longitudinal studies and strategies are required to further confirm whether controlled SUA treatment is an effective adjunct to systematic periodontal therapy and whether SUA can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to assess the risk or progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Tianyuan Qiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Min Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China.
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Pezzotti G, Adachi T, Imamura H, Bristol DR, Adachi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Marin E, Zhu W, Kawai T, Mazda O, Kariu T, Waku T, Nichols FC, Riello P, Rizzolio F, Limongi T, Okuma K. In Situ Raman Study of Neurodegenerated Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Outer-Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13351. [PMID: 37686157 PMCID: PMC10488263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the chemistry of cellular degeneration in human neuroblastoma cells upon exposure to outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) oral bacteria by monitoring their metabolomic evolution using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Pg-OMVs are a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as they act as efficient vectors for the delivery of toxins promoting neuronal damage. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the direct impact of Pg-OMVs on cell metabolites at the molecular scale still remain conspicuously unclear. A widely used in vitro model employing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (a sub-line of the SK-N-SH cell line) was spectroscopically analyzed in situ before and 6 h after Pg-OMV contamination. Concurrently, Raman characterizations were also performed on isolated Pg-OMVs, which included phosphorylated dihydroceramide (PDHC) lipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the latter in turn being contaminated with a highly pathogenic class of cysteine proteases, a key factor in neuronal cell degradation. Raman characterizations located lipopolysaccharide fingerprints in the vesicle structure and unveiled so far unproved aspects of the chemistry behind protein degradation induced by Pg-OMV contamination of SH-SY5Y cells. The observed alterations of cells' Raman profiles were then discussed in view of key factors including the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrillary tangles, and the formation of cholesterol agglomerates that exacerbate AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Davide Redolfi Bristol
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Keiji Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
| | - Toru Kariu
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University, Chuo-ku, Kuhonji, Kumamoto 862-8678, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Waku
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Frank C. Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Storrs, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Pietro Riello
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
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Tanwar H, Gnanasekaran JM, Allison D, Chuang LS, He X, Aimetti M, Baima G, Costalonga M, Cross RK, Sears C, Mehandru S, Cho J, Colombel JF, Raufman JP, Thumbigere-Math V. Unraveling the Link between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Challenges and Outlook. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2308.10907v1. [PMID: 37645044 PMCID: PMC10462160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions, characterized by microbial dysbiosis and hyper-immunoinflammatory responses. Growing evidence suggest an interconnection between periodontitis and IBD, implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an "Oral-Gut" axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis in IBD patients and vice versa. The specific mechanisms linking periodontitis and IBD remain to be fully elucidated, but emerging evidence points to the ectopic colonization of the gut by oral bacteria, which promote intestinal inflammation by activating host immune responses. This review presents an in-depth examination of the interconnection between periodontitis and IBD, highlighting the shared microbiological and immunological pathways, and proposing a "multi-hit" hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-mediated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical need for a collaborative approach between dentists and gastroenterologists to provide holistic oral-systemic healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Tanwar
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Devon Allison
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling-shiang Chuang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Raymond K. Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Prucsi Z, Zimny A, Płonczyńska A, Zubrzycka N, Potempa J, Sochalska M. Porphyromonas gingivalis Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase (PPAD) in the Context of the Feed-Forward Loop of Inflammation in Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12922. [PMID: 37629104 PMCID: PMC10454286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease caused by a changed dysbiotic oral microbiome. Although multiple species and risk factors are associated with periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as a keystone pathogen. The immune-modulatory function of P. gingivalis is well characterized, but the mechanism by which this bacterium secretes peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD), a protein/peptide citrullinating enzyme, thus contributing to the infinite feed-forward loop of inflammation, is not fully understood. To determine the functional role of citrullination in periodontitis, neutrophils were stimulated by P. gingivalis bearing wild-type PPAD and by a PPAD mutant strain lacking an active enzyme. Flow cytometry showed that PPAD contributed to prolonged neutrophil survival upon bacterial stimulation, accompanied by the secretion of aberrant IL-6 and TNF-α. To further assess the complex mechanism by which citrullination sustains a chronic inflammatory state, the ROS production and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were evaluated. Flow cytometry and colony formation assays showed that PPAD obstructs the resolution of inflammation by promoting neutrophil survival and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while enhancing the resilience of the bacteria to phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Prucsi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zimny
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Płonczyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Zubrzycka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Liu C, Zhao L, Zhang L, Li H, Li Y, Cheng X. Effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota: a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4567-4577. [PMID: 37231271 PMCID: PMC10212231 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of water flossing on dental plaque removal have been suggested, but its ecological impact on dental plaque microbiota needs further investigation. In addition, whether this plaque control measure by water flossing promotes the control of halitosis still needs clinical validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy participants with gingivitis were randomly assigned to control (toothbrushing) and experimental (toothbrushing + water flossing) groups (n = 35). Participants were recalled at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and their gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, bleeding on probing, dental plaque index, and oral malodor values were measured. The microbiota of supragingival plaque was further investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. RESULTS Sixty-three participants completed all revisits (control: n = 33; experimental: n = 30). The experimental and control groups exhibited similar clinical characteristics and dental plaque microbiota at baseline. Adjunctive water flossing effectively reduced the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index as compared to the toothbrushing control group. The water-flossing group showed reduced oral malodor at week 12 as compared to the baseline. Consistently, the water-flossing group exhibited altered dental plaque microbiota at week 12, characterized by a depletion of Prevotella at genus level and Prevotella intermedia at species level as compared to the toothbrushing control. In addition, the plaque microbiota of water-flossing group exhibited a more aerobic phenotype, while the control group was more anaerobic. CONCLUSIONS Daily water flossing can effectively alleviate gingival inflammation and reduce oral malodor, possibly by depleting oral anaerobes and altering the oral microbiota to a more aerobic phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Water flossing adjunctive to toothbrushing effectively alleviated gingival inflammation, representing a promising oral hygiene practice to promote oral health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=61797 , #ChiCTR2000038508) on September 23, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yishan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haolai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Institute of Drug/Medical Device Clinical Trial, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bixdo (SH) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xingqun Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Ramachandra SS, Wright P, Han P, Abdal‐hay A, Lee RSB, Ivanovski S. Evaluating models and assessment techniques for understanding oral biofilm complexity. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1377. [PMID: 37642488 PMCID: PMC10464519 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are three-dimensional (3D) complex entities initiating dental diseases and have been evaluated extensively in the scientific literature using several biofilm models and assessment techniques. The list of biofilm models and assessment techniques may overwhelm a novice biofilm researcher. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing literature on biofilm models and assessment techniques, providing additional information on selecting an appropriate model and corresponding assessment techniques, which may be useful as a guide to the beginner biofilm investigator and as a refresher to experienced researchers. The review addresses previously established 2D models, outlining their advantages and limitations based on the growth environment, availability of nutrients, and the number of bacterial species, while also exploring novel 3D biofilm models. The growth of biofilms on clinically relevant 3D models, particularly melt electrowritten fibrous scaffolds, is discussed with a specific focus that has not been previously reported. Relevant studies on validated oral microcosm models that have recently gaining prominence are summarized. The review analyses the advantages and limitations of biofilm assessment methods, including colony forming unit culture, crystal violet, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt assays, confocal microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. The use of more complex models with advanced assessment methodologies, subject to the availability of equipment/facilities, may help in developing clinically relevant biofilms and answering appropriate research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryGulf Medical UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Patricia Wright
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Pingping Han
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Abdalla Abdal‐hay
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of EngineeringSouth Valley UniversityQenaEgypt
- Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, Mechatronics Technology ProgramNew Cairo Technological University, New Cairo‐Fifth SettlementCairoEgypt
| | - Ryan S. B. Lee
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Spigaglia P, Barbanti F, Germinario EAP, Criscuolo EM, Bruno G, Sanchez-Mete L, Porowska B, Stigliano V, Accarpio F, Oddi A, Zingale I, Rossi S, De Angelis R, Fabbri A. Comparison of microbiological profile of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolates from subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) or intestinal pre-cancerous lesions versus healthy individuals and evaluation of environmental factors involved in intestinal dysbiosis. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102757. [PMID: 37380012 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolates from colorectal biopsies of subjects with a histological analysis positive for colorectal cancer (CRC), pre-cancerous lesions (pre-CRC) or with a healthy intestinal tissue and to evaluate the environmental factors that may not only concur to CRC development but may also affect gut microbiota composition. METHODS ETBF isolates were typed using the ERIC-PCR method, while PCR assays were performed to investigate the bft alleles, the B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region and the cepA, cfiA and cfxA genes. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the agar dilution method. Environmental factors that could play a role in promoting intestinal dysbiosis were evaluated throughout a questionnaire administered to the subjects enrolled. RESULTS Six different ERIC-PCR types were identified. The type denominated C in this study was the most prevalent, in particular among the biopsies of subjects with pre-CRC, while an isolate belonging to a different type, denominated F, was detected in a biopsy from a subject with CRC. All the ETBF isolates from pre-CRC or CRC subjects had a B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region pattern I, while those from healthy individuals showed also different patterns. Furthermore, 71% of isolates from subjects with pre-CRC or CRC were resistant to two or more classes of antibiotics vs 43% of isolates from healthy individuals. The B. fragilis toxin BFT1 was the most frequently detected in this study, confirming the constant circulation of this isoform strains in Italy. Interestingly, BFT1 was found in 86% of the ETBF isolates from patients with CRC or pre-CRC, while the BFT2 was prevalent among the ETBF isolates from healthy subjects. No substantial differences based on sex, age, tobacco and alcohol consumption were observed between healthy and non-healthy individuals included in this study, while most of the subjects with CRC or pre-CRC lesions were subjected to pharmacological therapy (71%) and showed a body mass index (BMI) that falls within the overweight range (86%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that some types of ETBF seem to better adapt and colonize the human gut and that the selective pressure exerted by factors related to lifestyle, such as pharmacological therapy and weight, could facilitate their persistence in the gut and their possible involvement in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Spigaglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Barbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Angela Pia Germinario
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lupe Sanchez-Mete
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Porowska
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Stigliano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Accarpio
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Oddi
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00114, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zingale
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Diwan P, Nirwan M, Bahuguna M, Kumari SP, Wahlang J, Gupta RK. Evaluating Alterations of the Oral Microbiome and Its Link to Oral Cancer among Betel Quid Chewers: Prospecting Reversal through Probiotic Intervention. Pathogens 2023; 12:996. [PMID: 37623956 PMCID: PMC10459687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut and slaked lime, with or without tobacco wrapped in Piper betle leaf, prepared as betel quid, is extensively consumed as a masticatory product in many countries across the world. Betel Quid can promote the malignant transformation of oral lesions as well as trigger benign cellular and molecular changes. In the oral cavity, it causes changes at the compositional level in oral microbiota called dysbiosis. This dysbiosis may play an important role in Oral Cancer in betel quid chewers. The abnormal presence and increase of bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Peptostreptococcus sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus mitis in saliva and/or other oral sites of the cancer patients has attracted frequent attention for its association with oral cancer development. In the present review, the authors have analysed the literature reports to revisit the oncogenic potential of betel quid and oral microbiome alterations, evaluating the potential of oral microbiota both as a driver and biomarker of oral cancer. The authors have also shared a perspective that the restoration of local microbiota can become a potentially therapeutic or prophylactic strategy for the delay or reversal of lip and oral cavity cancers, especially in high-risk population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Diwan
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Mohit Nirwan
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Mayank Bahuguna
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Shashi Prabha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - James Wahlang
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund’s College, Shillong 793003, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
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Lee CT, Tribble GD. Roles of specialized pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in periodontal inflammation and impact on oral microbiota. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1217088. [PMID: 37559676 PMCID: PMC10409488 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1217088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by dysbiotic dental biofilms. Management of periodontitis is primarily anti-bacterial via mechanical removal of bacterial biofilm. The successful resolution requires wound healing and tissue regeneration, which are not always achieved with these traditional methods. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a class of lipid mediators that induce the resolution of inflammation and promote local tissue homeostasis, creates another option for the treatment of periodontitis and other diseases of chronic inflammation. In this mini-review, we discuss the host-modulatory effects of SPMs on periodontal tissues and changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut and oral microbiome in the presence of SPMs and SPM precursor lipids. Further research into the relationship between host SPM production and microbiome-SPM modification has the potential to unveil new diagnostic markers of inflammation and wound healing. Expanding this field may drive the discovery of microbial-derived bioactive therapeutics to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Matrishin CB, Haase EM, Dewhirst FE, Mark Welch JL, Miranda-Sanchez F, Chen T, MacFarland DC, Kauffman KM. Phages are unrecognized players in the ecology of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:161. [PMID: 37491415 PMCID: PMC10367356 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (hereafter "Pg") is an oral pathogen that has been hypothesized to act as a keystone driver of inflammation and periodontal disease. Although Pg is most readily recovered from individuals with actively progressing periodontal disease, healthy individuals and those with stable non-progressing disease are also colonized by Pg. Insights into the factors shaping the striking strain-level variation in Pg, and its variable associations with disease, are needed to achieve a more mechanistic understanding of periodontal disease and its progression. One of the key forces often shaping strain-level diversity in microbial communities is infection of bacteria by their viral (phage) predators and symbionts. Surprisingly, although Pg has been the subject of study for over 40 years, essentially nothing is known of its phages, and the prevailing paradigm is that phages are not important in the ecology of Pg. RESULTS Here we systematically addressed the question of whether Pg are infected by phages-and we found that they are. We found that prophages are common in Pg, they are genomically diverse, and they encode genes that have the potential to alter Pg physiology and interactions. We found that phages represent unrecognized targets of the prevalent CRISPR-Cas defense systems in Pg, and that Pg strains encode numerous additional mechanistically diverse candidate anti-phage defense systems. We also found that phages and candidate anti-phage defense system elements together are major contributors to strain-level diversity and the species pangenome of this oral pathogen. Finally, we demonstrate that prophages harbored by a model Pg strain are active in culture, producing extracellular viral particles in broth cultures. CONCLUSION This work definitively establishes that phages are a major unrecognized force shaping the ecology and intra-species strain-level diversity of the well-studied oral pathogen Pg. The foundational phage sequence datasets and model systems that we establish here add to the rich context of all that is already known about Pg, and point to numerous avenues of future inquiry that promise to shed new light on fundamental features of phage impacts on human health and disease broadly. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole B Matrishin
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elaine M Haase
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Floyd E Dewhirst
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald C MacFarland
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn M Kauffman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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144
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AlSharief M, Alabdurubalnabi E. Periodontal Pathogens and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1559. [PMID: 37511934 PMCID: PMC10381683 DOI: 10.3390/life13071559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a multi-microbial infection of the teeth-supporting apparatus that manifests as clinical attachment loss and alveolar bone loss. The association between periodontal disease and systemic diseases has been proposed in the literature owing to the former's chronic state of inflammation, and adverse pregnancy outcomes are no exception. As a result of periodontal pathogen invasion, a series of systemic inflammatory and immunologic events affecting the safety of the fetoplacental unit may unfold. This may be further exaggerated by physiologic hormonal and metabolic fluctuations during pregnancy. This can not only negatively affect the gestation period and consequently cause preterm low weight but also complicate the pregnancy via preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. This narrative review article aims to provide a summary of relevant available evidence pertinent to the relationship between periodontal diseases, associated periodontal pathogens and virulence mechanisms mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, this article highlights some of the literature addressing the impact of periodontal therapy interventions and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishali AlSharief
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Alabdurubalnabi
- Fellowship in Periodontics Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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145
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Alshehri FA, Alharbi MS. The Effect of Adjunctive Use of Hyaluronic Acid on Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Subgingival Biofilm in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1883. [PMID: 37514069 PMCID: PMC10385933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has previously demonstrated antibacterial potential in vitro against multiple bacterial species, including P. gingivalis. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of HA as an adjunctive topical antibacterial agent to non-surgical mechanical therapy of periodontitis in reducing the prevalence of P. gingivalis in subgingival biofilms. Five clinical studies were identified that satisfied the eligibility criteria. Only three trials were suitable for the meta-analysis as they provided data at three and six months. Data on the prevalence of P. gingivalis in each study were collected. The odds ratio (OR) for measuring the effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to the available data. The results did not favor the use of HA during non-surgical mechanical therapy to reduce the prevalence of P. gingivalis in subgingival biofilm (odd ratio = 0.95 and 1.11 at three and six months, consecutively). Within their limitations, the current data do not indicate an advantage for using HA during mechanical periodontal therapy to reduce the prevalence of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal S Alharbi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Buraydah 52367, Saudi Arabia
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146
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Li R, Hou M, Yu L, Luo W, Kong J, Yu R, Liu R, Li Q, Tan L, Pan C, Wang H. Anti-biofilm effect of salivary histatin 5 on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12664-4. [PMID: 37395749 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of salivary histatin 5 (Hst5) on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilms in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanisms. In in vitro experiments, P. gingivalis biomass was determined by crystal violet staining. Polymerase chain reaction, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to determine the Hst5 concentration. A search for potential targets was performed using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. In vivo experimental periodontitis was established in rats to evaluate the effects of Hst5 on periodontal tissues. Experimental results showed that 25 µg/mL Hst5 effectively inhibited biofilm formation, and increased concentrations of Hst5 increased the inhibitive effect. Hst5 might bind to the outer membrane protein RagAB. A combination of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that Hst5 could regulate membrane function and metabolic processes in P. gingivalis, in which RpoD and FeoB proteins were involved. In the rat periodontitis model, alveolar bone resorption and inflammation levels in periodontal tissues were reduced by 100 µg/mL Hst5. This study showed that 25 µg/mL Hst5 inhibited P. gingivalis biofilm formation in vitro by changing membrane function and metabolic process, and RpoD and FeoB proteins might play important roles in this process. Moreover, 100 µg/mL Hst5 inhibited periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in rat periodontitis via its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. KEY POINTS: • Anti-biofilm activity of histatin 5 on Porphyromonas gingivalis was investigated. • Histatin 5 inhibited Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation. • Histatin 5 showed inhibitory effects on the occurrence of rat periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Renmei Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Huanghe North Street 146, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lisi Tan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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147
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Kato I, Minkevitch J, Sun J. Oncogenic potential of Campylobacter infection in the gastrointestinal tract: narrative review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1453-1465. [PMID: 37366241 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2228954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of zoonotic gastroenteritis. The other emerging group of Campylobacters spp. are part of human oral commensal, represented by C. concisus (CC), which has been recently linked to non-oral conditions. Although long-term gastrointestinal (GI) complications from these two groups of Campylobacters have been previously reviewed individually, overall impact of Campylobacter infection on GI carcinogenesis and their inflammatory precursor lesions has not been assessed collectively. AIMS To evaluate the available evidence concerning the association between Campylobacter infection/colonization and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reflux esophagitis/metaplasia colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed for relevant original publications and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of epidemiological and clinical studies. In addition, we gathered additional information concerning microbiological data, animal models and mechanistic data from in vitro studies. RESULTS Both retrospective and prospective studies on IBD showed relatively consistent increased risk associated with Campylobacter infection. Despite lack of supporting prospective studies, retrospective studies based on tissue/fecal microbiome revealed consistent enrichment of Campylobacter in CRC samples. Studies on EC precursor lesions (esophagitis and metaplasia) were generally supportive for the association with Campylobacter, while inconsistent observations on EC. Studies on both IBD and EC precursors suggested the predominant role of CC, but studies on CRC were not informative of species. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence calling for concerted effort in unveiling direct and indirect connection of this organism to colorectal and esophageal cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julia Minkevitch
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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148
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Koerner R, Prescott S, Alman A, Duffy A, Groer M. The Oral Microbiome Throughout Pregnancy: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:200-208. [PMID: 37365703 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health is associated with systemic health, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the oral microbiome during pregnancy may lead to targeted interventions for prevention of adverse outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a literature search with four electronic databases for original research conducted between 2012 and 2022 that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally using 16s rRNA sequencing during pregnancy. RESULTS We identified six studies that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally throughout pregnancy, though comparisons of oral niches, oral microbiome measures, and findings between studies were not consistent. Three studies identified alterations in alpha diversity throughout pregnancy and two studies identified increased pathogenic bacteria during pregnancy. Three studies reported no changes in the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy, and one study identified differences in the composition of the microbiome based on socioeconomic status and antibiotic exposure. Two studies examined adverse pregnancy outcomes in association with the oral microbiome, one reporting no associations and one reported difference in community gene composition in those diagnosed with preeclampsia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is limited research on the composition of the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. There may be alterations in the oral microbiome during pregnancy such as increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Socioeconomic status, antibiotic use, and education may contribute to differences in the microbiome composition over time. Clinicians should evaluate oral health and educate on the importance of oral health care during the prenatal and perinatal time period.
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149
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Pandey SD, Perpich JD, Stocke KS, Mansfield JM, Kikuchi Y, Yakoumatos L, Muszyński A, Azadi P, Tettelin H, Whiteley M, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J, Vickerman M, Lamont RJ. Impact of Polymicrobial Infection on Fitness of Streptococcus gordonii In Vivo. mBio 2023; 14:e0065823. [PMID: 37042761 PMCID: PMC10294625 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00658-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbial ecosystems are often polymicrobial, and interbacterial interactions drive emergent properties of these communities. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus gordonii is a foundational species in the development of plaque biofilms, which can contribute to periodontal disease and, after gaining access to the bloodstream, target remote sites such as heart valves. Here, we used a transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) library of S. gordonii to identify genes that influence fitness in a murine abscess model, both as a monoinfection and as a coinfection with an oral partner species, Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the context of a monoinfection, conditionally essential genes were widely distributed among functional pathways. Coinfection with P. gingivalis almost completely changed the nature of in vivo gene essentiality. Community-dependent essential (CoDE) genes under the coinfection condition were primarily related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation, indicating that robust growth and replication are required to survive with P. gingivalis in vivo. Interestingly, a group of genes in an operon encoding streptococcal receptor polysaccharide (RPS) were associated with decreased fitness of S. gordonii in a coinfection with P. gingivalis. Individual deletion of two of these genes (SGO_2020 and SGO_2024) resulted in the loss of RPS production by S. gordonii and increased susceptibility to killing by neutrophils. P. gingivalis protected the RPS mutants by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. These results provide insight into genes and functions that are important for S. gordonii survival in vivo and the nature of polymicrobial synergy with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we show that RPS-mediated immune protection in S. gordonii is dispensable and detrimental in the presence of a synergistic partner species that can interfere with neutrophil killing mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Bacteria responsible for diseases originating at oral mucosal membranes assemble into polymicrobial communities. However, we know little regarding the fitness determinants of the organisms that initiate community formation. Here, we show that the extracellular polysaccharide of Streptococcus gordonii, while important for streptococcal survival as a monoinfection, is detrimental to survival in the context of a coinfection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that the presence of P. gingivalis compensates for immune protective functions of extracellular polysaccharide, rendering production unnecessary. The results show that fitness determinants of bacteria in communities differ substantially from those of individual species in isolation. Furthermore, constituents of communities can undertake activities that relieve the burden of energetically costly biosynthetic reactions on partner species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya D. Pandey
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John D. Perpich
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sullivan University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kendall S. Stocke
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jillian M. Mansfield
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lan Yakoumatos
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret Vickerman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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150
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Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Silva MDVD, Martelossi-Cebinelli G, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Endogenous Roles and Pharmacological Activities in Infections. Molecules 2023; 28:5032. [PMID: 37446699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During an infection, inflammation mobilizes immune cells to eliminate the pathogen and protect the host. However, inflammation can be detrimental when exacerbated and/or chronic. The resolution phase of the inflammatory process is actively orchestrated by the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), generated from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that bind to different G-protein coupled receptors to exert their activity. As immunoresolvents, SPMs regulate the influx of leukocytes to the inflammatory site, reduce cytokine and chemokine levels, promote bacterial clearance, inhibit the export of viral transcripts, enhance efferocytosis, stimulate tissue healing, and lower antibiotic requirements. Metabolomic studies have evaluated SPM levels in patients and animals during infection, and temporal regulation of SPMs seems to be essential to properly coordinate a response against the microorganism. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SPM biosynthesis and classifications, endogenous production profiles and their effects in animal models of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86038-440, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
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