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Freihardt J. Perceptions of environmental changes among a climate-vulnerable population from Bangladesh. CLIMATIC CHANGE 2024; 177:25. [PMID: 38313455 PMCID: PMC10830697 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-024-03678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Effective climate change adaptation requires a thorough understanding of whether and how affected populations perceive climatic and environmental changes. Existing research has been inconclusive regarding the consistency of these perceptions compared to objective meteorological indicators. Moreover, no systematic comparison has been done for the perception of discrete environmental events such as floods or erosion. This study relies on novel panel survey data of approximately 1700 households residing along the Jamuna River in Bangladesh as well as on unique individual-level, satellite-based erosion data. It compares respondents' perceptions of environmental events, namely riverbank erosion, and three climate change indicators, specifically long-term temperature change and changes in precipitation during wet and dry seasons, to objective measurements using satellite imagery and climatic time-series data (CRU TS). I find that long-term temperature change is perceived more accurately than long-term changes in precipitation. Given that educational attainment and climate change literacy among the study population are low, this indicates that global temperature increases are felt even by remote populations who have never heard the term climate change. Erosion is strongly overestimated, especially by those respondents who had been personally affected by it. Since human behavior is guided by perceptions rather than objective data, this has important policy implications, underlining the importance of considering people's perceptions if the goal is to assist them in adapting to environmental changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-024-03678-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freihardt
- Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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102
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Gerber JS, Ray DK, Makowski D, Butler EE, Mueller ND, West PC, Johnson JA, Polasky S, Samberg LH, Siebert S, Sloat L. Global spatially explicit yield gap time trends reveal regions at risk of future crop yield stagnation. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:125-135. [PMID: 38279050 PMCID: PMC10896731 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Yield gaps, here defined as the difference between actual and attainable yields, provide a framework for assessing opportunities to increase agricultural productivity. Previous global assessments, centred on a single year, were unable to identify temporal variation. Here we provide a spatially and temporally comprehensive analysis of yield gaps for ten major crops from 1975 to 2010. Yield gaps have widened steadily over most areas for the eight annual crops and remained static for sugar cane and oil palm. We developed a three-category typology to differentiate regions of 'steady growth' in actual and attainable yields, 'stalled floor' where yield is stagnated and 'ceiling pressure' where yield gaps are closing. Over 60% of maize area is experiencing 'steady growth', in contrast to ∼12% for rice. Rice and wheat have 84% and 56% of area, respectively, experiencing 'ceiling pressure'. We show that 'ceiling pressure' correlates with subsequent yield stagnation, signalling risks for multiple countries currently realizing gains from yield growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
- Project Drawdown, .
| | - Deepak K Ray
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David Makowski
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul C West
- Project Drawdown
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Justin A Johnson
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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103
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Shirey V, Neupane N, Guralnick R, Ries L. Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold-adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17205. [PMID: 38403895 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change has been identified as a potential driver of observed insect declines, yet in many regions, there are critical data gaps that make it difficult to assess how communities are responding to climate change. Poleward regions are of particular interest because warming is most rapid while biodiversity data are most sparse. Building on recent advances in occupancy modeling of presence-only data, we reconstructed 50 years (1970-2019) of butterfly occupancy trends in response to rising minimum temperatures in one of the most under-sampled regions of North America. Among 90 modeled species, we found that cold-adapted species are far more often in decline compared with their warm-adapted, more southernly distributed counterparts. Furthermore, in a post hoc analysis using species' traits, we find that species' range-wide average annual temperature is the only consistent predictor of occupancy changes. Species with warmer ranges were most likely to be increasing in occupancy. This trend results in the majority of butterflies increasing in occupancy probability over the last 50 years. Our results provide the first look at macroscale butterfly biodiversity shifts in high-latitude North America. These results highlight the potential of leveraging the wealth of presence-only data, the most abundant source of biodiversity data, for inferring changes in species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Marine and Environmental Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Naresh Neupane
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History - University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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104
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Su J, Fan L, Yuan Z, Wang Z, Wang Z. Quantifying the drought sensitivity of grassland under different climate zones in Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168688. [PMID: 37992825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Grassland is essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of terrestrial ecosystems. Although previous research has explored how grassland responds to drought, the drought sensitivity of grassland (DSG) across climate zones and aridity gradients remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation spanning 1982 to 2015 in Northwest China. To assess the time-cumulative effect (TCE) and the time-lag effect (TLE) of drought on grassland, we employed Spearman rank correlation analysis, utilizing long-term datasets of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). This analysis allowed us to quantify the DSG in the region and further examine its variations across climate zones and aridity gradient. Our results revealed that 81.2 % and 99.7 % of the grassland in Northwest China was influenced by the TCE and TLE of drought, respectively, with 38.2 % and 60.9 % of these effects being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean accumulated and lagged timescales of drought on grassland were 7.89 and 9.41 months, respectively. Remarkably, the highest DSG was observed in the semi-arid zone (0.58), followed by the arid (0.54), sub-humid (0.51), and humid (0.44) zones. Furthermore, we identified significant nonlinear variation patterns of DSG along the aridity gradient, characterized by several discernible trend breaks. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impacts of drought on vegetation, particularly in ecologically fragile regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Su
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
| | - Liangxin Fan
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China.
| | - Zhanliang Yuan
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
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105
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Lorer E, Verheyen K, Blondeel H, De Pauw K, Sanczuk P, De Frenne P, Landuyt D. Forest understorey flowering phenology responses to experimental warming and illumination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1476-1491. [PMID: 38031641 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Species are altering their phenology to track warming temperatures. In forests, understorey plants experience tree canopy shading resulting in light and temperature conditions, which strongly deviate from open habitats. Yet, little is known about understorey phenology responses to forest microclimates. We recorded flowering onset, peak, end and duration of 10 temperate forest understorey plant species in two mesocosm experiments to understand how phenology is affected by sub-canopy warming and how this response is modulated by illumination, which is related to canopy change. Furthermore, we investigated whether phenological sensitivities can be explained by species' characteristics, such as thermal niche. We found a mean advance of flowering onset of 7.1 d per 1°C warming, more than previously reported in studies not accounting for microclimatic buffering. Warm-adapted species exhibited greater advances. Temperature sensitivity did not differ between early- and later-flowering species. Experimental illumination did not significantly affect species' phenological temperature sensitivities, but slightly delayed flowering phenology independent from warming. Our study suggests that integrating sub-canopy temperature and light availability will help us better understand future understorey phenology responses. Climate warming together with intensifying canopy disturbances will continue to drive phenological shifts and potentially disrupt understorey communities, thereby affecting forest biodiversity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Lorer
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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106
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Wang Y, Wang B, Chen J, Sun L, Hou Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Gan J, Barmukh R, Li S, Fan Z, Bao P, Cao B, Cai C, Jing X, Singh BK, Varshney RK, Zhao H. Dynamics of rhizosphere microbial structure and function associated with the biennial bearing of moso bamboo. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119977. [PMID: 38160549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a valuable nontimber forestry product with a biennial cycle, producing abundant bamboo shoots within one year (on-year) and few shoots within the following year (off-year). Moso bamboo plants undergo clonal reproduction, resulting in similar genetic backgrounds. However, the number of moso bamboo shoots produced each year varies. Despite this variation, the impact of soil nutrients and the root microbiome on the biennial bearing of moso bamboo is poorly understood. We collected 139 soil samples and determined 14 major physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and bulk soil in different seasons (i.e., the growing and deciduous seasons) and different years (i.e., on- and off-years). Based on 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing, major variations were found in the rhizospheric microbial composition during different seasons and years in the moso bamboo forest. Environmental driver analysis revealed that essential nutrients (i.e., SOC, TOC, TN, P, and NH4+) were the main drivers of the soil microbial community composition and were correlated with the on- and off-year cycles. Moreover, 19 MAGs were identified as important biomarkers that could distinguish on- and off-years. We found that both season and year influenced both the microbial community structure and functional pathways through the biosynthesis of nutrients that potentially interact with the moso bamboo growth rhythm, especially the on-year root-associated microbiome, which had a greater abundance of specific nutrients such as gibberellins and vitamin B6. This work provides a dynamic perspective of the differential responses of various on- and off-year microbial communities and enhances our understanding of bamboo soil microbiome biodiversity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yinguang Hou
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Jiongliang Wang
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Junwei Gan
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Shanying Li
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zeyu Fan
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Pengfei Bao
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bingchen Cao
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chunju Cai
- Changning Bamboo Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, Yibin, Sichuan 644300, China
| | - Xiong Jing
- National Agricultural Exhibition Center/China Agricultural Museum, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.
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107
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Qi X, Liu S, Wu S, Wang J, Wang J, Zheng C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo Q, Li Q, Wang L, Zhao J. Interannual Variations in Terrestrial Net Ecosystem Productivity and Climate Attribution in the Southern Hilly Region of China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:246. [PMID: 38256799 PMCID: PMC10819449 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The vegetation ecosystem in the southern hilly region of China (SHRC) plays a crucial role in the country's carbon reservoir. Clarifying the dynamics of net primary productivity (NPP) in this area and its response to climate factors in the context of climate change is important for national forest ecology, management, and carbon neutrality efforts. This study, based on remote sensing and meteorological data spanning the period 2001 to 2021, aims to unveil the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation productivity and climate factors in the southern hilly region, explore interannual variation characteristics of vegetation productivity with altitude, and investigate the response characteristics of NPP to various climate factors. The results indicate that from 2001 to 2021, the annual average NPP in the southern hilly region had a significant increasing trend of 2.13 ± 0.78 g m-2 a-1. The trend of NPP varies significantly with altitude. Despite a general substantial upward trend in vegetation NPP, regions at lower elevations exhibit a faster rate of increase, suggesting a diminishing difference in the NPP of different elevation ranges. The overall rise in average temperature has positive implications for the southern hilly region, while the impact of precipitation on vegetation NPP demonstrates noticeable spatial heterogeneity. Regions in which vegetation NPP is significantly negatively correlated with precipitation are mainly concentrated in the southern areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces. In contrast, other regions further away from the southeastern coast tend to exhibit a positive correlation. Over the past two decades, there has been an asymmetry in the diurnal temperature variation in the SHRC, with the nighttime warming rate being 1.8 times that of the daytime warming rate. The positive impact of daytime warming on NPP of vegetation is more pronounced than the impact of nighttime temperature changes. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of NPP in the SHRC and the characteristics of its response to climate factors contributes to enhancing our ability to protect and manage vegetation resources amidst the challenges of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Shaoan Wu
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jiaming Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Chao Zheng
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quan Luo
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianglong Li
- Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, China; (X.Q.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (S.L.); (L.W.)
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108
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Hyun J, Yoo G. Modification of the RothC model to evaluate the inconsistent effect of conservation tillage on SOC stock and a suggestion of a national-scale assessment framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168010. [PMID: 37871817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of conservation tillage effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock on the national scale is essential for Tier 3 level greenhouse gas inventory in the agricultural sector. However, the conservation tillage effects varied depending on different soil conditions, potentially leading to inaccurate national assessments. This study aimed to propose a framework for estimating the national scale impact of conservation tillage on SOC. As even in the most commonly used SOC dynamic model, the Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC), does not reflect the conservation tillage effect in an explicit way, we modified it by developing the tillage rate modifiers (TRMs). First, we investigated the conditions for the inconsistent conservation tillage effects using the decision tree analysis based on 210 field experiment data from the mid-latitude region. The results highlighted that soil sand content and the existing SOC stock were the main factors driving the inconsistencies. After we categorized into four distinctive conditions, the TRMs for each condition were parameterized using a genetic algorithm. The average TRMs were 0.88 in the soils with sand content >37.6 % and 1.58 in the soils with sand content ≤37.6 %, indicating that conservation tillage is more effective in coarse-textured soil, and there is a risk of decreasing SOC stock in the latter condition. Using the modified RothC model, a three-step national-scale simulation framework was suggested: compiling country-specific data, establishing baseline and conservation tillage scenarios, and modeling conservation tillage effects with uncertainty analysis. Our approach also defined the maximum conservation tillage area, factoring in local cropping systems and soil conditions. Our refined RothC model with TRMs provides a nuanced understanding of conservation tillage effects, emphasizing the role of soil characteristics. The proposed national-scale simulation framework offers a reliable tool for evaluating conservation tillage impact on SOC, ensuring more accurate greenhouse gas inventories in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Hyun
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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109
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Fernandez-Palomino CA, Hattermann FF, Krysanova V, Vega-Jácome F, Menz C, Gleixner S, Bronstert A. High-resolution climate projection dataset based on CMIP6 for Peru and Ecuador: BASD-CMIP6-PE. Sci Data 2024; 11:34. [PMID: 38182605 PMCID: PMC10770365 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we present BASD-CMIP6-PE, a high-resolution (1d, 10 km) climate dataset for Peru and Ecuador based on the bias-adjusted and statistically downscaled CMIP6 climate projections of 10 GCMs. This dataset includes both historical simulations (1850-2014) and future projections (2015-2100) for precipitation and minimum, mean, and maximum temperature under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The BASD-CMIP6-PE climate data were generated using the trend-preserving Bias Adjustment and Statistical Downscaling (BASD) method. The BASD performance was evaluated using observational data and through hydrological modeling across Peruvian and Ecuadorian river basins in the historical period. Results demonstrated that BASD significantly reduced biases between CMIP6-GCM simulations and observational data, enhancing long-term statistical representations, including mean and extreme values, and seasonal patterns. Furthermore, the hydrological evaluation highlighted the appropriateness of adjusted GCM simulations for simulating streamflow, including mean, low, and high flows. These findings underscore the reliability of BASD-CMIP6-PE in assessing regional climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, and hydrological extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Antonio Fernandez-Palomino
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Fred F Hattermann
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Valentina Krysanova
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fiorella Vega-Jácome
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Menz
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gleixner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Bronstert
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Zeng H, Zhang W, Lin Q, Gao Y, Teng J, Xu Z, Cai X, Zhong Z, Wu J, Liu Y, Diao S, Wei C, Gong W, Pan X, Li Z, Huang X, Chen X, Du J. PigBiobank: a valuable resource for understanding genetic and biological mechanisms of diverse complex traits in pigs. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D980-D989. [PMID: 37956339 PMCID: PMC10767803 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To fully unlock the potential of pigs as both agricultural species for animal-based protein food and biomedical models for human biology and disease, a comprehensive understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying various complex phenotypes in pigs and how the findings can be translated to other species, especially humans, are urgently needed. Here, within the Farm animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we build the PigBiobank (http://pigbiobank.farmgtex.org) to systematically investigate the relationships among genomic variants, regulatory elements, genes, molecular networks, tissues and complex traits in pigs. This first version of the PigBiobank curates 71 885 pigs with both genotypes and phenotypes from over 100 pig breeds worldwide, covering 264 distinct complex traits. The PigBiobank has the following functions: (i) imputed sequence-based genotype-phenotype associations via a standardized and uniform pipeline, (ii) molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying trait-associations via integrating multi-omics data, (iii) cross-species gene mapping of complex traits via transcriptome-wide association studies, and (iv) high-quality results display and visualization. The PigBiobank will be updated timely with the development of the FarmGTEx-PigGTEx project, serving as an open-access and easy-to-use resource for genetically and biologically dissecting complex traits in pigs and translating the findings to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhanming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wentao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zedong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinshi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Xu J, Zhao P, Chan JCL, Shi M, Yang C, Zhao S, Xu Y, Chen J, Du L, Wu J, Ye J, Xing R, Wang H, Liu L. Increasing tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific partly driven by warming Tibetan Plateau. Nat Commun 2024; 15:310. [PMID: 38182595 PMCID: PMC10770404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in intense tropical cyclone (TC) activity across the western North Pacific (WNP) has often been attributed to a warming ocean. However, it is essential to recognize that the tropical WNP region already boasts high temperatures, and a marginal increase in oceanic warmth due to global warming does not exert a significant impact on the potential for TCs to intensify. Here we report that the weakened vertical wind shear is the primary driver behind the escalating trend in TC intensity within the summer monsoon trough of the tropical WNP, while local ocean surface and subsurface thermodynamic factors play a minor role. Through observational diagnoses and numerical simulations, we establish that this weakening of the vertical wind shear is very likely due to the increase in temperature of the Tibetan Plateau. With further warming of the Tibetan Plateau under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario, the projected TCs will likely become stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.
| | - Johnny C L Chan
- Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingyuan Shi
- National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- National Climate Center, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Du
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory; and College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Meteorological Service in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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112
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Glückler R, Gloy J, Dietze E, Herzschuh U, Kruse S. Simulating long-term wildfire impacts on boreal forest structure in Central Yakutia, Siberia, since the Last Glacial Maximum. FIRE ECOLOGY 2024; 20:1. [PMID: 38186675 PMCID: PMC10766680 DOI: 10.1186/s42408-023-00238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model's litter layer. Conclusion With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42408-023-00238-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Glückler
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Josias Gloy
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dietze
- Institute of Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 5, Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Stefan Kruse
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
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113
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Ren S, Wang T, Guenet B, Liu D, Cao Y, Ding J, Smith P, Piao S. Projected soil carbon loss with warming in constrained Earth system models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:102. [PMID: 38167278 PMCID: PMC10761705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The soil carbon-climate feedback is currently the least constrained component of global warming projections, and the major source of uncertainties stems from a poor understanding of soil carbon turnover processes. Here, we assemble data from long-term temperature-controlled soil incubation studies to show that the arctic and boreal region has the shortest intrinsic soil carbon turnover time while tropical forests have the longest one, and current Earth system models overestimate intrinsic turnover time by 30 percent across active, slow and passive carbon pools. Our constraint suggests that the global soils will switch from carbon sink to source, with a loss of 0.22-0.53 petagrams of carbon per year until the end of this century from strong mitigation to worst emission scenarios, suggesting that global soils will provide a strong positive carbon feedback on warming. Such a reversal of global soil carbon balance would lead to a reduction of 66% and 15% in the current estimated remaining carbon budget for limiting global warming well below 1.5 °C and 2 °C, respectively, rendering climate mitigation much more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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114
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Schepers JR, Heblack J, Willi Y. Negative interaction effect of heat and drought stress at the warm end of species distribution. Oecologia 2024; 204:173-185. [PMID: 38253704 PMCID: PMC10830594 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Geographic range limits of species are often a reflection of their ecological niche limits. In many organisms, important niche limits that coincide with distribution limits are warm and warm-dry conditions. We investigated the effects of heat and drought, as they can occur at the warm end of distribution. In a greenhouse experiment, we raised North American Arabidopsis lyrata from the centre of its distribution as well as from low- and high-latitude limits under average and extreme conditions. We assessed plant growth and development, as well as leaf and root functional traits, and tested for a decline in performance and selection acting on growth, leaf, and root traits. Drought and heat, when applied alone, lowered plant performance, while combined stress caused synergistically negative effects. Plants from high latitudes did not survive under combined stress, whereas plants originating from central and low latitudes had low to moderate survival, indicating divergent adaptation. Traits positively associated with survival under drought, with or without heat, were delayed and slowed growth, though plastic responses in these traits were generally antagonistic to the direction of selection. In line, higher tolerance of stress in southern populations did not involve aspects of growth but rather a higher root-to-shoot ratio and thinner leaves. In conclusion, combined heat and drought, as can occur at southern range edges and presumably more so under global change, seriously impede the long-term persistence of A. lyrata, even though they impose selection and populations may adapt, though under likely interference by considerable maladaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Schepers
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Heblack
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Pavlin J, Nagel TA, Svitok M, Di Filippo A, Mikac S, Keren S, Dikku A, Toromani E, Panayotov M, Zlatanov T, Haruta O, Dorog S, Chaskovskyy O, Bače R, Begović K, Buechling A, Dušátko M, Frankovič M, Janda P, Kameniar O, Kozák D, Marchand W, Mikoláš M, Rodrigo R, Svoboda M. Pathways and drivers of canopy accession across primary temperate forests of Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167593. [PMID: 37802334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Canopy accession strategies reveal much about tree life histories and forest stand dynamics. However, the protracted nature of ascending to the canopy makes direct observation challenging. We use a reconstructive approach based on an extensive tree ring database to study the variability of canopy accession patterns of dominant tree species (Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies) in temperate mountain forests of Europe and elucidate how disturbance histories, climate, and topography affect canopy accession. All four species exhibited high variability of radial growth histories leading to canopy accession and indicated varying levels of shade tolerance. Individuals of all four species survived at least 100 years of initial suppression. Fir and particularly beech, however, survived longer periods of initial suppression, exhibited more release events, and reached the canopy later on average, with a larger share of trees accessing the canopy after initially suppressed growth. These results indicate the superior shade tolerance of beech and fir compared to spruce and maple. The two less shade-tolerant species conversely relied on faster growth rates, revealing their competitive advantage in non-suppressed conditions. Additionally, spruce from higher-elevation spruce-dominated forests survived shorter periods of initial shading and exhibited fewer releases, with a larger share of trees reaching the canopy after open canopy recruitment (i.e. in absence of suppression) and no subsequent releases compared to spruce growing in lower-elevation mixed forests. Finally, disturbance factors were identified as the primary driver of canopy accession, whereby disturbances accelerate canopy accession and consequently regulate competitive interactions. Intensifying disturbance regimes could thus promote shifts in species composition, particularly in favour of faster-growing, more light-demanding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Pavlin
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stjepan Mikac
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srdjan Keren
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Elvin Toromani
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029 Koder-Kamez, Albania
| | - Momchil Panayotov
- Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry Sofia, Kliment Ohridski 10 Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Gagarin Street 2, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ovidiu Haruta
- Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sorin Dorog
- Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Oleh Chaskovskyy
- Institute of Forest Management, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Vul. Henerala Chuprynky 103, 79031 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Radek Bače
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Krešimir Begović
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Buechling
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dušátko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Frankovič
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kameniar
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kozák
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - William Marchand
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mikoláš
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruffy Rodrigo
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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Gong H, Zhang M, Xiang X, Liu H. 1 km monthly precipitation and temperatures dataset for China from 1952 to 2019 based on new baseline climatology surfaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167613. [PMID: 37813268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term climate data and high-quality baseline climatology surface with high resolution are essential to investigate climate change and its effect on hydrological processes and ecosystem functioning. However, large uncertainties remain in the climate products in China owing to lacking of high-density distribution network of weather stations. Here, the thin plate spline (TPS) algorithm was used to produce new baseline climatology surfaces (ChinaClim_baseline) using >2000 freely available weather stations. Then, climatologically aided interpolation (CAI) was employed to generate a 1 km monthly precipitation and temperatures dataset for China during 1952-2019 (ChinaClim_time-series) via superimposing ChinaClim_baseline and monthly anomaly surface. Our finding showed that ChinaClim_baseline performed exceptionally well in four climatic regions, with RMSEs for precipitation and temperature element estimation of 1.276-28.439 mm and 0.310-2.040 °C, respectively. The correlations among ChinaClim_baseline and WorldClim2 and CHELSA were high, but there were clearly spatial differences. For ChinaClim_time-series, precipitation and temperature elements had average RMSEs between 7.502- 52.307 mm, and 0.461-0.939 °C for all months, respectively. In comparison to Peng's climatic surface and CHELSAcruts, R2 increased by ~7 %, RMSE and MAE dropped by ~17 % for precipitation; R2 hardly increased, while RMSE and MAE decreased by ~50 % for temperature elements. Our findings indicated that ChinaClim_baseline improved the accuracy of time-series climatic elements estimation obviously, and the satellite-driven data can greatly improve the accuracy of time-series precipitation estimation, but not the accuracy of time-series temperature estimation. Overall, ChinaClim_baseline as an excellent baseline climatology surface can be used for obtaining high-quality and long-term climate datasets from past to future. Meantime, ChinaClim_time-series of 1 km spatial resolution is appropriate for investigating the spatial-temporal climate changes and their impacts on eco-environmental systems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Hechi 547100, China.
| | - Xueqiao Xiang
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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117
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Wang P, Huang Q, Liu S, Liu Y, Li Z, Pozdniakov SP, Wang T, Kazak ES, Frolova NL, Gabysheva OI, Zhang J, Bai B, Yu J, Min L, Shpakova RN, Hao L, Gabyshev VA. Climate warming enhances chemical weathering in permafrost-dominated eastern Siberia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167367. [PMID: 37774887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of climate warming on hydrogeochemical processes, particularly in areas dominated by permafrost, is crucial. However, the natural background levels of chemical components in eastern Siberian rivers from permafrost-dominated regions and their responses to climate warming have not been adequately quantified. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by using a comprehensive river water chemistry database (n = 1264) spanning from 1940 to 2019. Our results reveal that the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), a key parameter of drinking water quality, in river basins predominantly free of permafrost (194.6 ± 256.4 mg/L) is approximately 2.3 times higher than in permafrost-dominated river basins (83.7 ± 35.8 mg/L) in eastern Siberia. These observations imply potential shifts in freshwater quality resulting from permafrost degradation. We further detect that carbonate weathering, which plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, is a predominant process controlling hydrogeochemical cycles. (Ca2+ + Mg2+) concentrations as a proxy for carbonate weathering intensity are sensitive to climate warming, increasing at a rate of 0.10 mmol/(L·°C). This finding provides evidence that the current acceleration of carbonate weathering, driven by climate warming, is already influencing local water quality. Additionally, (Ca2+ + Mg2+) concentrations and TDS are highly interrelated with temperature-dependent variables (e.g., active layer thickness of permafrost and leaf area index) and basin erosion-controlling factors (e.g., precipitation, elevation and slope of basin). Under a warming climate, river chemical fluxes (e.g., export of TDS and major ions) increase notably, especially during the winter, indicating an increase in mineral-laden groundwater discharge to rivers due to permafrost degradation. Our results demonstrate that climate warming is accelerating hydrogeochemical processes in permafrost-dominated Arctic basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zehong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sergey P Pozdniakov
- Department of Hydrogeology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Tianye Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ekaterina S Kazak
- Department of Hydrogeology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Natalia L Frolova
- Department of Land Hydrology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga I Gabysheva
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Min
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory for Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Raisa N Shpakova
- Regional Governance and National Policy Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, 76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Lingang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Viktor A Gabyshev
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
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118
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Wang J, Shen Y, Awange JL, Yang L. A deep learning model for reconstructing centenary water storage changes in the Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167030. [PMID: 37704127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On mission (GRACE-FO) have facilitated highly accurate observations of changes in total water storage anomalies (TWSA). However, limited observations of TWSA derived from GRACE in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have hindered our understanding of its long-term variability. In this paper, we present a deep learning model called RecNet to reconstruct the climate-driven TWSA in the YRB from 1923 to 2022. The RecNet model is trained on precipitation, temperature, and GRACE observations with a weighted mean square error (WMSE) loss function. The performance of the RecNet model is validated and compared against GRACE data, water budget estimates, hydrological models, drought indices, and existing reconstruction datasets. The results indicate that the RecNet model can successfully reconstruct historical water storage changes, surpassing the performance of previous studies. In addition, the reconstructed datasets are utilized to assess the frequency of extreme hydrological conditions and their teleconnections with major climate patterns, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Independent component analysis is employed to investigate individual climate patterns' unique or combined influence on TWSA. We show that the YRB exhibits a notable vulnerability to extreme events, characterized by a recurrent occurrence of diverse extreme dry/wet conditions throughout the past century. Wavelet coherence analysis reveals significant coherence between the climate patterns and TWSA across the entire basin. The reconstructed datasets provide valuable information for studying long-term climate variability and projecting future droughts and floods in the YRB, which can inform effective water resource management and climate change adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Wang
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yunzhong Shen
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Joseph L Awange
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences Discipline, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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119
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Bangelesa F, Pollinger F, Sponholz B, Mapatano MA, Hatløy A, Paeth H. Statistical-dynamical modeling of the maize yield response to future climate change in West, East and Central Africa using the regional climate model REMO. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167265. [PMID: 37742952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Africa is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly in terms of its agriculture and crop production. The majority of climate models project a negative impact of future climate change on crop production, with maize being particularly vulnerable. However, the magnitude of this change remains uncertain. Therefore, it is important to reduce the uncertainties related to the anticipated changes to guide adaptation options. This study uses a combination of local and large-scale empirical orthogonal function (EOF) predictors as a novel approach to model the impacts of future climate change on crop yields in West, East and Central Africa. Here a cross-validated Bayesian model was developed using predictors derived from the regional climate model REMO for the period 1982-2100. On average, the combined local and large-scale EOF predictors explained around 28 % of maize yield variability from 1982 to 2016 of the entire study regions. Notably, climate predictors played a significant role in West Africa, explaining up to 51 % of the maize yield variability. Large-scale climate EOF predictors contributed most to the explained variance, reflecting the role of regional climate in future maize yield variability. Under a high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5), maize yield is projected to decrease over the entire study region by 20 % by the end of the century. However, a minor increase is projected in eastern Africa. This study highlights the importance of incorporating climate predictors at various scales into crop yield modeling. Furthermore, the findings will offer valuable guidance to decision-makers in shaping adaptation options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Bangelesa
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Felix Pollinger
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Sponholz
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mala Ali Mapatano
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Anne Hatløy
- Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research, Oslo, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heiko Paeth
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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120
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Cao Z, Zhang J, Gou X, Wang Y, Sun Q, Yang J, Manzanedo RD, Pederson N. Increasing forest carbon sinks in cold and arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167168. [PMID: 37730072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Arid forest lands account for 6 % of the world's forest area, but their carbon density and carbon storage capacity have rarely been assessed. Forest inventories provide estimates of forest stock and biomass carbon density, improve our understanding of the carbon cycle, and help us develop sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Here, we carried out three forest inventories at five-year intervals from 2006 to 2016 in 104 permanent sample plots covering the Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) distribution in the north slope of Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Results shows that mean biomasses for Qinghai spruce were 133.80, 144.89, and 157.01 Mg ha-1 while biomass carbon densities were 65.52, 70.92, and 76.88 Mg C ha-1, in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. This shows an increase in the Qinghai spruce carbon density of 17.34 % from 2006 to 2016. Both the precipitation and temperature play crucial roles on the increase of aboveground carbon density. The average carbon densities were different among forests with different ages and were higher for older forests. Our results show that the carbon sequestration rate for Qinghai spruce in the Qilian Mountains is significantly higher than the average rates of national forest parks in China, suggesting that this spruce forest has the potential to sequester a significant amount of carbon despite the general harsh growing conditions of cold and arid ecoregions. Our findings provide important insights that are helpful for the assessment of forest carbon for cold and arid lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
| | - Junzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China.
| | - Xiaohua Gou
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China.
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
| | - Qipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
| | - Jiqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China; Liancheng National Nature Reserve in Gansu, Lanzhou 730300, China
| | - Rubén D Manzanedo
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH-Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
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121
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Galán Díaz J, Gutiérrez-Bustillo AM, Rojo J. The phenological response of European vegetation to urbanisation is mediated by macrobioclimatic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167092. [PMID: 37716682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology is a crucial component of ecosystem functioning and is affected by multiple elements of global change; we therefore need to quantify the current phenological changes associated to human activities and understand their impacts on ecosystems. Urbanisation and the intensification of anthropogenic activities alter meteorological conditions and cause phenological changes in urban vegetation worldwide. We used remote sensing data to evaluate the phenological response (start of season date SOS, length of season LOS and end of season date EOS) of five main vegetation types (evergreen forests, deciduous forests, mixed forests, sparse woody vegetation and grasslands) to urbanisation in the 69 most populated pan-European metropolitan areas (i.e., those that include cities with a population over 450,000 inhabitants) for the period 2002-2021. In general, SOS advanced and LOS increased with urbanisation intensity across European metropolitan areas. We found that macrobioclimatic factors strongly determined the strength and direction of the phenological response to urbanisation intensity. The greatest advances in SOS with increasing urbanisation were registered in metropolitan areas in the Mediterranean region, where there was also more uncertainty in this relationship. The EOS advanced with urbanisation in metropolitan areas in the Mediterranean macrobioclimate, whereas in areas with higher precipitation during summer the opposite trend was observed suggesting water availability mediates the response between urbanisation and autumn phenophases. Our results suggest that macrobioclimatic constraints operating at the continental scale are crucial to understand the relationship between plant phenology and urbanisation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galán Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jesús Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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122
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Cheesman AW, Brown F, Farha MN, Rosan TM, Folberth GA, Hayes F, Moura BB, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Osborne CP, Cernusak LA, Ribeiro RV, Sitch S. Impacts of ground-level ozone on sugarcane production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166817. [PMID: 37673248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a vital commodity crop often grown in (sub)tropical regions which have been experiencing a recent deterioration in air quality. Unlike for other commodity crops, the risk of air pollution, specifically ozone (O3), to this C4 crop has not yet been quantified. Yet, recent work has highlighted both the potential risks of O3 to C4 bioenergy crops, and the emergence of O3 exposure across the tropics as a vital factor determining global food security. Given the large extent, and planned expansion of sugarcane production in places like Brazil to meet global demand for biofuels, there is a pressing need to characterize the risk of O3 to the industry. In this study, we sought to a) derive sugarcane O3 dose-response functions across a range of realistic O3 exposure and b) model the implications of this across a globally important production area. We found a significant impact of O3 on biomass allocation (especially to leaves) and production across a range of sugarcane genotypes, including two commercially relevant varieties (e.g. CTC4, Q240). Using these data, we calculated dose-response functions for sugarcane and combined them with hourly O3 exposure across south-central Brazil derived from the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) to simulate the current regional impact of O3 on sugarcane production using a dynamic global vegetation model (JULES vn 5.6). We found that between 5.6 % and 18.3 % of total crop productivity is likely lost across the region due to the direct impacts of current O3 exposure. However, impacts depended critically on the substantial differences in O3 susceptibility observed among sugarcane genotypes and how these were implemented in the model. Our work highlights not only the urgent need to fully elucidate the impacts of O3 in this important bioenergetic crop, but the potential implications air quality may have upon tropical food production more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Flossie Brown
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Thais M Rosan
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Barbara B Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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123
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Alderotti F, Sillo F, Brilli L, Bussotti F, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Gori A, Inghes R, Pasquini D, Pollastrini M, Saurer M, Cherubini P, Balestrini R, Brunetti C. Quercus ilex L. dieback is genetically determined: Evidence provided by dendrochronology, δ 13C and SSR genotyping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166809. [PMID: 37690750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercus ilex L. dieback has been reported in several Mediterranean forests, revealing different degree of crown damages even in close sites, as observed in two Q. ilex forest stands in southern Tuscany (IT). In this work, we applied a novel approach combining dendrochronological, tree-ring δ13C and genetic analysis to test the hypothesis that different damage levels observed in a declining (D) and non-declining (ND) Q. ilex stands are connected to population features linked to distinct response to drought. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of two major drought events (2012 and 2017), that occurred in the last fifteen years in central Italy, on Q. ilex growth and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Overall, Q. ilex showed slightly different ring-width patterns between the two stands, suggesting a lower responsiveness to seasonal climatic variations for trees at D stand, while Q. ilex at ND stand showed changes in the relationship between climatic parameters and growth across time. The strong divergence in δ13C signals between the two stands suggested a more conservative use of water for Q. ilex at ND compared to D stand that may be genetically driven. Q. ilex at ND resulted more resilient to drought compared to trees at D, probably thanks to its safer water strategy. Genotyping analysis based on simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed the presence of different Q. ilex populations at D and ND stands. Our study shows intraspecific variations in drought response among trees grown in close. In addition, it highlights the potential of combining tree-ring δ13C data with SSR genotyping for the selection of seed-bearing genotypes aimed to preserve Mediterranean holm oak ecosystem and improve its forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alderotti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for the BioEconomy, Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (www.nfbc.it), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Inghes
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Dalila Pasquini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (www.nfbc.it), Italy
| | - Matthias Saurer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; University of British Columbia, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Viale delle idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
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Madin MB, Nelson KS. Effects of landscape simplicity on crop yield: A reanalysis of a global database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289799. [PMID: 38096199 PMCID: PMC10721009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory on diversity suggests that agriculture requires sufficient biodiversity, ecological function, and critical ecosystem services to remain sustainable and resilient. As such, research related to the effect of ecosystem services and diversity on crop yields has increased significantly in the past decade. One such study by Dainese and colleagues that presented a global synthesis of a compiled database of 1,475 crop experiments related to pollination and pest control ecosystem services and crop yields quickly garnered attention in the literature with more than 540 citations since its publication in 2019. Given the strong influence of this study on the research on diversity and agricultural production, we conduct a reanalysis on the publicly available dataset from the global synthesis study to test the robustness of findings to modeling approach and assumptions. In our reanalysis we apply ordinary least squares regression methods rather than Bayesian path analysis to the same data to examine the robustness of observed field-scale landscape diversity-ecosystem services-crop yield relationships. The result of our reanalysis supports the findings of Dainese and colleagues, illustrating the robustness of findings that suggest that increasing landscape simplicity is associated with lower rates of pollination and pest control ecosystem service provisioning and lower crop yields. However, our analyses also suggest that provisioning of pollination and pest control services account for only a small fraction of the total effect of landscape simplicity on crop yields. Furthermore, we find that management and soil health may mediate the effects of landscape simplicity on ecosystem services and crop yields. While our results complement previous findings for landscape simplicity and ecosystem services, they also indicate that above and below ground ecosystem services are not mutually exclusive but concurrently contribute to support crop production in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biwalib Madin
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katherine S. Nelson
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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125
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Olano JM, García-López MA, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Coca ME, García-Hidalgo M, Houdas H, Rozas V, Hernández-Alonso H. Forgotten giants: Robust climate signal in pollarded trees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166591. [PMID: 37634721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree ring records are among the most valuable resources to create high-resolution climate reconstructions. Most climate reconstructions are based on old trees growing in inaccessible mountainous areas with low human activity. Therefore, reconstruction of climate conditions in lowlands is usually based on data from distant mountains. Albeit old trees can be common in humanized areas, they are not used for climate reconstructions. Pollarding was a common traditional management in Europe that enabled trees to maintain great vitality for periods exceeding the longevity of unmanaged trees. We evaluate the potential of pollarded deciduous oaks to record past climate signal. We sampled four pollarded woodlands in Central Spain under continental Mediterranean climate. We hypothesized that pollarded trees have a strong response to water availability during current period without pollarding management, but also in the period under traditional management if pruning was asynchronous among trees. Moreover, we hypothesized that if climate is a regional driver of oak secondary growth, chronologies from different woodlands will be correlated. Pollard oaks age exceeded 500 years with a strong response to Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) from 9 to 11 months. Climate signal was exceptionally high in three of the sites (r2 = 0.443-0.655) during low management period (1962-2022). The largest fraction of this climate signal (≈70 %) could be retrieved during the traditional management period (1902-1961) in the three sites where pollarding was asynchronous. Chronologies were significantly correlated since the 19th century for all the studied period, highlighting a shared climate forcing. We identified critical points to optimize pollard tree sampling schema. Our results show the enormous potential of pollarded woodlands to reconstruct hydroclimate conditions in the Mediterranean with a fine spatial grain. Studying pollarded trees is an urgent task, since the temporal window to retrieve the valuable information in pollarded trees is closing as these giants collapse and their wood rots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Olano
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain.
| | - M A García-López
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - G Sangüesa-Barreda
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - M E Coca
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - M García-Hidalgo
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - H Houdas
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - V Rozas
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain
| | - H Hernández-Alonso
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, E-42004 Soria, Spain; Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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126
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Guasconi D, Manzoni S, Hugelius G. Climate-dependent responses of root and shoot biomass to drought duration and intensity in grasslands-a meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166209. [PMID: 37572920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of altered precipitation regimes on root biomass in grasslands is crucial for predicting grassland responses to climate change. Nonetheless, studies investigating the effects of drought on belowground vegetation have produced mixed results. In particular, root biomass under reduced precipitation may increase, decrease or show a delayed response compared to shoot biomass, highlighting a knowledge gap in the relationship between belowground net primary production and drought. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 field observations of grassland root and shoot biomass changes under experimental rainfall reduction to disentangle the main drivers behind grassland responses to drought. Using a response-ratio approach we tested the hypothesis that water scarcity would induce a decrease in total biomass, but an increase in belowground biomass allocation with increased drought length and intensity, and that climate (as defined by the aridity index of the study location) would be an additional predictor. As expected, meteorological drought decreased root and shoot biomass, but aboveground and belowground biomass exhibited contrasting responses to drought duration and intensity, and their interaction with climate. In particular, drought duration had negative effects on root biomass only in wet climates while more intense drought had negative effects on root biomass only in dry climates. Shoot biomass responded negatively to drought duration regardless of climate. These results show that long-term climate is an important modulator of belowground vegetation responses to drought, which might be a consequence of different drought tolerance and adaptation strategies. This variability in vegetation responses to drought suggests that physiological plasticity and community composition shifts may mediate how climate affects carbon allocation in grasslands, and thus ultimately carbon storage in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guasconi
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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127
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Roux N, Kaufmann L, Matej S, Kastner T, Bondeau A, Haberl H, Erb K. Product level dataset on embodied human appropriation of net primary production. Data Brief 2023; 51:109725. [PMID: 37965617 PMCID: PMC10641586 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This dataset includes data on the embodied human appropriation of net primary production (eHANPP) associated with products derived from agriculture and forestry. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is an indicator of changes in the yearly availability of biomass energy from photosynthesis that remains available in terrestrial ecosystems after harvest, under current land use, compared to the net primary production of the potential natural vegetation. HANPP is an indicator of land-use intensity that is relevant for biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles. The eHANPP indicator allocates HANPP to products and allows tracing trade flows from origin (the country where production takes place) to consumption (the country where products are consumed), thereby underpinning research into the telecouplings in global land use. The datasets described in this article trace eHANPP associated with the bilateral trade flows between 222 countries. It covers 161 primary crops, 13 primary animal products and 4 primary forestry products, as well as the end uses of these products for the years 1986 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roux
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kaufmann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Matej
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kastner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alberte Bondeau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Helmut Haberl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Erb
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
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128
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Huerta A, Aybar C, Imfeld N, Correa K, Felipe-Obando O, Rau P, Drenkhan F, Lavado-Casimiro W. High-resolution grids of daily air temperature for Peru - the new PISCOt v1.2 dataset. Sci Data 2023; 10:847. [PMID: 38040747 PMCID: PMC10692097 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gridded high-resolution climate datasets are increasingly important for a wide range of modelling applications. Here we present PISCOt (v1.2), a novel high spatial resolution (0.01°) dataset of daily air temperature for entire Peru (1981-2020). The dataset development involves four main steps: (i) quality control; (ii) gap-filling; (iii) homogenisation of weather stations, and (iv) spatial interpolation using additional data, a revised calculation sequence and an enhanced version control. This improved methodological framework enables capturing complex spatial variability of maximum and minimum air temperature at a more accurate scale compared to other existing datasets (e.g. PISCOt v1.1, ERA5-Land, TerraClimate, CHIRTS). PISCOt performs well with mean absolute errors of 1.4 °C and 1.2 °C for maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively. For the first time, PISCOt v1.2 adequately captures complex climatology at high spatiotemporal resolution and therefore provides a substantial improvement for numerous applications at local-regional level. This is particularly useful in view of data scarcity and urgently needed model-based decision making for climate change, water balance and ecosystem assessment studies in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Huerta
- Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (SENAMHI), Lima, Perú.
- Departamento de Física y Meteorología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Lima, Perú.
- Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Cesar Aybar
- Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, 46980, Valencia, Spain
- High Mountain Ecosystem Research Group, National University of San Marcos, 15081, Lima, Peru
| | - Noemi Imfeld
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kris Correa
- Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (SENAMHI), Lima, Perú
| | | | - Pedro Rau
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología del Agua (CITA), Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC), Lima, Perú
| | - Fabian Drenkhan
- Geography and the Environment, Department of Humanities, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
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129
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Chanda MM, Kharkwal P, Dhuria M, Prajapathi A, Yogisharadhya R, Shome BR, Shivachandra SB. Quantifying the influence of climate, host and change in land-use patterns on occurrence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and development of spatial risk map for India. One Health 2023; 17:100609. [PMID: 37583365 PMCID: PMC10424211 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), is an emerging zoonosis globally and in India. The present study focused on identifying the risk factors for occurrence of CCHF in the Indian state of Gujarat and development of risk map for India. The past CCHF outbreaks in India were collated for the analyses. Influence of land use change and climatic factors in determining the occurrence of CCHF in Gujarat was assessed using Bayesian spatial models. Change in maximum temperature in affected districts was analysed to identify the significant change points over 110 years. Risk map was developed for Gujarat using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) model with remotely sensed environmental variables and host (livestock and human) factors. We found the change in land use patterns and maximum temperature in affected districts to be contributing to the occurrence of CCHF in Gujarat. Spatial risk map developed using CCHF occurrence data for Gujarat identified density of buffalo, minimum land surface temperature and elevation as risk determinants. Further, spatial risk map for the occurrence of CCHF in India was developed using selected variables. Overall, we found that combination of factors such as change in land-use patterns, maximum temperature, buffalo density, day time minimum land surface temperature and elevation led to the emergence and further spread of the disease in India. Mitigation measures for CCHF in India could be designed considering disease epidemiology and initiation of surveillance strategies based on the risk map developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mudassar Chanda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Kharkwal
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Dhuria
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi, India
| | - Awadesh Prajapathi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
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130
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Torbenson MC, Brázdil R, Stagge JH, Esper J, Büntgen U, Vizina A, Hanel M, Rakovec O, Fischer M, Urban O, Treml V, Reinig F, Martinez del Castillo E, Rybníček M, Kolář T, Trnka M. Increasing volatility of reconstructed Morava River warm-season flow, Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY. REGIONAL STUDIES 2023; 50:101534. [PMID: 38145056 PMCID: PMC10739599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Study region The Morava River basin, Czech Republic, Danube Basin, Central Europe. Study focus Hydrological summer extremes represent a prominent natural hazard in Central Europe. River low flows constrain transport and water supply for agriculture, industry and society, and flood events are known to cause material damage and human loss. However, understanding changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes is associated with great uncertainty due to the limited number of gauge observations. Here, we compile a tree-ring network to reconstruct the July-September baseflow variability of the Morava River from 1745 to 2018 CE. An ensemble of reconstructions was produced to assess the impact of calibration period length and trend on the long-term mean of reconstruction estimates. The final estimates represent the first baseflow reconstruction based on tree rings from the European continent. Simulated flows and historical documentation provide quantitative and qualitative validation of estimates prior to the 20th century. New hydrological insights for the region The reconstructions indicate an increased variability of warm-season flow during the past 100 years, with the most extreme high and low flows occurring after the start of instrumental observations. When analyzing the entire reconstruction, the negative trend in baseflow displayed by gauges across the basin after 1960 is not unprecedented. We conjecture that even lower flows could likely occur in the future considering that pre-instrumental trends were not primarily driven by rising temperature (and the evaporative demand) in contrast to the recent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C.A. Torbenson
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Brázdil
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James H. Stagge
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam Vizina
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hanel
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Rakovec
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milan Fischer
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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131
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Park T, Gumma MK, Wang W, Panjala P, Dubey SK, Nemani RR. Greening of human-dominated ecosystems in India. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 4:419. [PMID: 38665186 PMCID: PMC11041707 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Satellite data show the Earth has been greening and identify croplands in India as one of the most prominent greening hotspots. Though India's agriculture has been dependent on irrigation enhancement to reduce crop water stress and increase production, the spatiotemporal dynamics of how irrigation influenced the satellite observed greenness remains unclear. Here, we use satellite-derived leaf area data and survey-based agricultural statistics together with results from state-of-the-art Land Surface Models (LSM) to investigate the role of irrigation in the greening of India's croplands. We find that satellite observations provide multiple lines of evidence showing strong contributions of irrigation to significant greening during dry season and in drier environments. The national statistics support irrigation-driven yield enhancement and increased dry season cropping intensity. These suggest a continuous shift in India's agriculture toward an irrigation-driven dry season cropping system and confirm the importance of land management in the greening phenomenon. However, the LSMs identify CO2 fertilization as a primary driver of greening whereas land use and management have marginal impacts on the simulated leaf area changes. This finding urges a closer collaboration of the modeling, Earth observation, and land system science communities to improve representation of land management in the Earth system modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Park
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California USA
| | - Murali K. Gumma
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana India
| | - Weile Wang
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
| | - Pranay Panjala
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana India
| | | | - Ramakrishna R. Nemani
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California USA
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132
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Pacini L, Arbelet P, Chen S, Bacq-Labreuil A, Calvaruso C, Schneider F, Arrouays D, Saby NPA, Cécillon L, Barré P. A new approach to estimate soil organic carbon content targets in European croplands topsoils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165811. [PMID: 37506902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Adopting land management practices that increase the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands is widely promoted as a win-win strategy to enhance soil health and mitigate climate change. In this context, the definition of reference SOC content and stock values is needed to provide reliable targets to farmers, policymakers, and stakeholders. In this study, we used the LUCAS dataset to compare different methods for evaluating reference SOC content and stock values in European croplands topsoils (0-20 cm depth). Methods gave generally similar estimates although being built on very different assumptions. In the absence of an objective criterion to establish which approach is the most suitable to determine SOC reference values, we propose an ensemble modelling approach that consists in extracting the estimates using different relevant methods and retaining the median value among them. Interestingly, this approach led us to select values from the three different approaches with similar frequencies. Using estimated bulk density values, we obtained a first rough estimate of 3.5 Gt C of SOC storage potential in the cropland topsoils that we interpret as a long-term aspirational target that would be reachable only under extreme changes in agricultural practices. The use of additional methods in the ensemble modelling approach and more valid statistical spatial estimates may further refine our approach designed for the estimation of SOC reference values for croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pacini
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, Université PSL, IPSL, 75005 Paris, France; Greenback SA (commercial name: Genesis), 75003 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Arbelet
- Greenback SA (commercial name: Genesis), 75003 Paris, France
| | - Songchao Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | | | | | - Florian Schneider
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, Université PSL, IPSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, Université PSL, IPSL, 75005 Paris, France
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133
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Ying T, Li J, Jiang Z, Liu G, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhao C. Increased aerosol scattering contributes to the recent monsoon rainfall decrease over the Gangetic Plain. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2629-2638. [PMID: 37739837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The climate effects of atmospheric aerosols remain highly uncertain. Part of the uncertainty arises from the fact that scattering and absorbing aerosols have distinct or even opposite effects. Thus their relative fraction is critical in determining the overall aerosol climate effect. This study combines observations and global model simulations to demonstrate that changes in the fraction of scattering and absorbing aerosols play an important role in driving the monsoon precipitation decrease over northern India since the 1980s, especially over the Gangetic Basin. Increased aerosol scattering, or decreased aerosol absorption, manifested as a significant increase of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), causes strong cooling in the upper atmosphere. This suppresses vertical convection and thus reduces precipitation. Further analysis of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 multi-model-mean historical simulation shows that failing to capture the SSA increase over northern India is likely an important cause of the simulated precipitation trend bias in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ying
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhongjing Jiang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY 11973, USA
| | - Guanyu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yueming Dong
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuanfeng Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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134
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Yang L, Zhao G, Mu X, Liu Y, Tian P, Puqiong, Danzengbandian. Historical and projected evolutions of glaciers in response to climate change in High Mountain Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117037. [PMID: 37659644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Glacier changes are regarded as the conspicuous icon of climate change in High Mountain Asia (HMA) alpine environments. Multi-temporal glacier coverage is essential for mass balance estimations and understanding glacial changes in response to climate variability. However, consistent multi-temporal glacier area datasets across the HMA are limited due to challenges posed by seasonal snow and cloud cover in remote sensing satellite images. In this study, a new method is proposed to estimate glacier and nonseasonal snow (GNS) areas by combining the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and bright temperature bands from Landsat remote sensing images in 1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s. Meanwhile, the integrated ice dynamic Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) is applied to simulate nine typical glaciers and project their changes using 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The results showed that total GNS areas in HMA were estimated at 71.26 × 103 km2 in the 1990s, and decreased to 53.17 × 103 km2 in the 2020s. Massive proportions of GNS were mainly distributed in the southeast and northwest region. Tipping points of GNS indicating a transition from mass balance gain to loss during four periods were detected in the Upper Tarim basin, Inner Tibetan Plateau, Upper Yangtze river basin, Upper Brahmaputra river basin, and Upper Salween river basin. The reduction of total GNS area was attributed to significantly rising temperature and decreasing solid precipitation. The projections indicate that glacier shrinkages will be the dominant trend in the future, and most typical glaciers will experience a mass loss of 60% under SSP245 (SSP2-RCP4.5) and over 90% under SSP585 (SSP5-RCP8.5) by the end of the century. The response of glaciers to climate change is also found to be influenced by factors including local topography and elevation ranges. The findings of this study provides a better understanding of glacial dynamics in response to climate change and highlights the importance of making water resources management strategies to mitigate the influence of glacier retreat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xingmin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Puqiong
- Xigaze Branch of the Tibet Autonomous Region Hydrology Bureau, Xigaze, Tibet Autonomous Region 857000, China
| | - Danzengbandian
- Xigaze Branch of the Tibet Autonomous Region Hydrology Bureau, Xigaze, Tibet Autonomous Region 857000, China
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135
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Zhong Z, He B, Chen HW, Chen D, Zhou T, Dong W, Xiao C, Xie SP, Song X, Guo L, Ding R, Zhang L, Huang L, Yuan W, Hao X, Ji D, Zhao X. Reversed asymmetric warming of sub-diurnal temperature over land during recent decades. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7189. [PMID: 37938565 PMCID: PMC10632450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the latter half of the twentieth century, a significant climate phenomenon "diurnal asymmetric warming" emerged, wherein global land surface temperatures increased more rapidly during the night than during the day. However, recent episodes of global brightening and regional droughts and heatwaves have brought notable alterations to this asymmetric warming trend. Here, we re-evaluate sub-diurnal temperature patterns, revealing a substantial increase in the warming rates of daily maximum temperatures (Tmax), while daily minimum temperatures have remained relatively stable. This shift has resulted in a reversal of the diurnal warming trend, expanding the diurnal temperature range over recent decades. The intensified Tmax warming is attributed to a widespread reduction in cloud cover, which has led to increased solar irradiance at the surface. Our findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced scrutiny of recent temperature trends and their implications for the wider earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Division of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hans W Chen
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Division of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Deliang Chen
- Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shang-Ping Xie
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Xiangzhou Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruiqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xingming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Duoying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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136
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Mu Y, Lindenmayer D, Zheng S, Yang Y, Wang D, Liu J. Size-focused conservation may fail to protect the world's oldest trees. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4641-4649.e3. [PMID: 37820721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Old trees are irreplaceable natural resources that provide multifaceted benefits to humans. Current conservation strategies focus primarily on large-sized trees that were often considered old. However, some studies have demonstrated that small trees can be more than thousands of years old, suggesting that conventional size-focused perceptions may hamper the efficiency of current conservation strategies for old trees. Here, we compiled paired age and diameter data using tree-ring records sampled from 121,918 trees from 269 species around the world to detect whether tree size is a strong predictor of age for old trees and whether the spatial distribution of small old trees differs from that of large old trees. We found that tree size was a weak predictor of age for old trees, and diameter explained only 10% of the total age variance of old trees. Unlike large-sized trees that are mainly in warm, wet environments and protected, small old trees are predominantly in cold, dry environments and mostly unprotected, indicating that size-focused conservation failed to protect some of the oldest trees. To conserve old trees, comprehensive old-tree recognition systems are needed that consider not only tree size but also age and external characteristics. Protected areas designed for small old trees are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Mu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - David Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shilu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Deyi Wang
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jiajia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202183, China.
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137
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Zhang Y, Li C, Chiew FHS, Post DA, Zhang X, Ma N, Tian J, Kong D, Leung LR, Yu Q, Shi J, Liu C. Southern Hemisphere dominates recent decline in global water availability. Science 2023; 382:579-584. [PMID: 37917705 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble of observations, we quantified global land water availability over the past two decades. We show that the Southern Hemisphere has dominated the declining trend in global water availability from 2001 to 2020. The significant decrease occurs mainly in South America, southwestern Africa, and northwestern Australia. In the Northern Hemisphere, the complex regional increasing and decreasing trends cancel each other, resulting in a negligible hemispheric trend. The variability and trend in water availability in the Southern Hemisphere are largely driven by precipitation associated with climate modes, particularly the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This study highlights their dominant role in controlling global water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Congcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - David A Post
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xuanze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - L Ruby Leung
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiancheng Shi
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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138
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Miranda A, Syphard AD, Berdugo M, Carrasco J, Gómez-González S, Ovalle JF, Delpiano CA, Vargas S, Squeo FA, Miranda MD, Dobbs C, Mentler R, Lara A, Garreaud R. Widespread synchronous decline of Mediterranean-type forest driven by accelerated aridity. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1810-1817. [PMID: 37845335 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, abrupt ecosystem change in direct response to climate extremes is a critical but poorly documented phenomenon1. Yet, recent increases in climate-induced tree mortality raise concern that some forest ecosystems are on the brink of collapse across wide environmental gradients2,3. Here we assessed climatic and productivity trends across the world's five Mediterranean forest ecosystems from 2000 to 2021 and detected a large-scale, abrupt forest browning and productivity decline in Chile (>90% of the forest in <100 days), responding to a sustained, acute drought. The extreme dry and warm conditions in Chile, unprecedented in the recent history of all Mediterranean-type ecosystems, are akin to those projected to arise in the second half of the century4. Long-term recovery of this forest is uncertain given an ongoing decline in regional water balance. This dramatic plummet of forest productivity may be a spyglass to the future for other Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alexandra D Syphard
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environment Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jaime Carrasco
- Departamento de Industria, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Gómez-González
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología-IVAGRO, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Center for Fire and Socioecological Systems (FireSES), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan F Ovalle
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de La Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Delpiano
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Solange Vargas
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Francisco A Squeo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo D Miranda
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynnamon Dobbs
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Rayen Mentler
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Lara
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile
| | - René Garreaud
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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139
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Mosaffa H, Filippucci P, Massari C, Ciabatta L, Brocca L. SM2RAIN-Climate, a monthly global long-term rainfall dataset for climatological studies. Sci Data 2023; 10:749. [PMID: 37907558 PMCID: PMC10618238 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable and accurate long-term rainfall dataset is an indispensable resource for climatological studies and crucial for application in water resource management, agriculture, and hydrology. SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) derived datasets stand out as a unique and wholly independent global product that estimates rainfall from satellite soil moisture observations. Previous studies have demonstrated the SM2RAIN products' high potential in estimating rainfall around the world. This manuscript describes the SM2RAIN-Climate rainfall product, which uses the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) soil moisture v06.1 to provide monthly global rainfall for the 24-year period 1998-2021 at 1-degree spatial resolution. The assessment of the proposed rainfall dataset against different existing state-of-the-art rainfall products exhibits the robust performance of SM2RAIN-Climate in most regions of the world. This performance is indicated by correlation coefficients between SM2RAIN-Climate and state-of-the-art products, consistently exceeding 0.8. Moreover, evaluation results indicate the potential of SM2RAIN-Climate as an independent rainfall product from other satellite rainfall products in capturing the pattern of global rainfall trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mosaffa
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Filippucci
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christian Massari
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Ciabatta
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Brocca
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
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140
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Kirsten F, Dallmeyer A, Bernbeck R, Böhmer T, Busch R, Hessari M, Pollock S, Schütt B. Were climatic forcings the main driver for mid-holocene changes in settlement dynamics on the Varamin Plain (Central Iranian Plateau)? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290181. [PMID: 37906582 PMCID: PMC10617709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Settlement crises in ancient cultures of Western Asia are commonly thought to be caused by climatic events such as severe droughts. However, the insufficient climate proxy situation in this region challenges the inference of clear relationships between climate and settlement dynamics. We investigate the Holocene climatic changes on the Varamin Plain in the context of the climatic history of Western Central Asia by using a transient comprehensive Earth System Model simulation (8 ka BP to pre-industrial), a high-resolution regional snapshot simulation and a synthesis of pollen-based climate reconstructions. In line with the reconstructions, the models reveal only slightly varying mean climatic conditions on the Varamin Plain but indicate substantial changes in seasonality during the Holocene. Increased precipitation during spring, combined with lower temperature and potentially stronger snow accumulation on the upstream Alborz mountains may have led to an increased water supply on the alluvial fan during the vegetation period and thus to more favourable conditions for agricultural production during the Mid-Holocene compared to modern times. According to the model, dry periods on the Central Iranian Plateau are related to particularly weak Westerly winds, fostering the subsidence in the mid-troposphere and hampering precipitation over the region. The model reveals that dry periods have spatially heterogenous manifestations, thus explaining why they do not appear in all proxy records in the wider study region. In fact, the climatic signal may depend on local environmental conditions. The interaction of the topography with the atmospheric circulation leads to additional spatial heterogeneity. Although our results provide several indications for a connection between climate and settlement dynamics, the small overall changes in moisture call into question whether climate is the main driver for settlement discontinuities on the Central Iranian Plateau. To shed further light on this issue, more high-resolution long-term proxy records are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kirsten
- Freie Universität Berlin, Division of Physical Geography, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Bernbeck
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Böhmer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Postdam, Germany
| | - Robert Busch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Division of Physical Geography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morteza Hessari
- Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Pollock
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitta Schütt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Division of Physical Geography, Berlin, Germany
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141
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Zhang T, Cheng C, Wu X. Mapping the spatial heterogeneity of global land use and land cover from 2020 to 2100 at a 1 km resolution. Sci Data 2023; 10:748. [PMID: 37898602 PMCID: PMC10613310 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A fine global future land use/land cover (LULC) is critical for demonstrating the geographic heterogeneity of earth system dynamics and human-earth interaction. In this study, we produced a 1 km global future LULC dataset that takes into account future climate and socio-economic changes as well as the impact of simulated results of the former year on temporally adjacent periods. By incorporating the variations in climatic and socio-economic factors, we differentiated LULC suitability probabilities for historical and future periods across representative SSP-RCP scenarios. Then, by using an improved cellular automata model-PLUS to simulate the patch-level changes of various land classes, we iteratively downscaled water-basin-level LULC demands in various future scenarios to a spatial resolution of 1 km. Our dataset achieves a high degree of simulation accuracy (Kappa = 0.94, OA = 0.97, FoM = 0.10) and precisely captures the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of global LULC changes under the combined effects of climate change and socio-economic development. This robust and fine-scale LULC dataset provides valuable spatially-explicit information essential for earth system modeling and intricate dynamics between anthropogenic activities and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Xudong Wu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
- Research Department of Complexity Science, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.
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142
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Linke A, Leutert S, Busby J, Duque M, Shawcroft M, Brewer S. Dry growing seasons predicted Central American migration to the US from 2012 to 2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18400. [PMID: 37884560 PMCID: PMC10603058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling for factors such as criminal violence and poverty, we tested if drier than usual growing season weather was a predictor of emigration from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to the US between 2012 and 2018. We focus on growing season weather because agriculture is a primary transmission pathway from the effects of climate change upon migration. We secured the migration apprehensions data for our analysis through a FOIA request to US Customs and Border Protection. Border Patrol intake interviews recorded the original home location of families that arrived at the southern US border. We used this geographic information to measure recent weather patterns and social circumstances in the area that each family departed. We found 70.7% more emigration to the US when local growing seasons in Central America were recently drier than the historical average since 1901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Linke
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Stephanie Leutert
- LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Joshua Busby
- LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Brewer
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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143
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Yu L, Liu Y, Li X, Yan F, Lyne V, Liu T. Vegetation-induced asymmetric diurnal land surface temperatures changes across global climate zones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165255. [PMID: 37400032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented global vegetation greening during past decades is well known to affect annual and seasonal land surface temperatures (LST). However, the impact of observed vegetation cover change on diurnal LST across global climatic zones is not well understood. Using global climatic time-series datasets, we investigated the long-term growing season daytime and nighttime LST changes globally and explored associated dominant contributors including vegetation and climate factors including air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. Results revealed asymmetric growing season mean daytime and nighttime LST warming (0.16 °C/10a and 0.30 °C/10a, respectively) globally from 2003 to 2020, as a result, the diurnal LST range (DLSTR) declined at 0.14 °C/10a. The sensitivity analysis indicated the LST response to changes in LAI, precipitation, and SSRD mainly concentrated during daytime instead of nighttime, however, which showed comparable sensitivities for air temperature. Combining the sensitivities results and the observed LAI and climate trends, we found rising air temperature contributes to 0.24 ± 0.11 °C/10a global daytime LST warming and 0.16 ± 0.07 °C/10a nighttime LST warming, turns to be the dominant contributor to the LST changes. Increased LAI cooled global daytime LST (-0.068 ± 0.096 °C/10a) while warmed nighttime LST (0.064 ± 0.046 °C/10a); hence LAI dominates declines in DLSTR trends (-0.12 ± 0.08 °C/10a), despite some day-night process variations across climate zones. In Boreal regions, reduced DLSTR was due to nighttime warming from LAI increases. In other climatic zones, daytime cooling, and DLSTR decline, was induced by increased LAI. Biophysically, the pathway from air temperature heats the surface through sensible heat and increased downward longwave radiation during day and night, while the pathway from LAI cools the surface by enhancing energy redistribution into latent heat rather than sensible heat during the daytime. These empirical findings of diverse asymmetric responses could help calibrate and improve biophysical models of diurnal surface temperature feedback in response to vegetation cover changes in different climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxue Yu
- Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Research Center, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Research Center, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Fengqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Vincent Lyne
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; IMAS-Hobart, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Tingxiang Liu
- College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
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144
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Camarero JJ, Colangelo M, Rodríguez-Gonzalez PM. Historical disconnection from floodplain alters riparian forest composition, tree growth and deadwood amount. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165266. [PMID: 37406690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Riparian forests are among the most dynamic but threatened terrestrial ecosystems. Their dynamism and conservation depend on historical changes in river geomorphology, which can be evaluated through changes in channel sinuosity. However, we lack long-term assessments on sinuosity and how they impact riparian forest composition, tree growth and deadwood amount. To fill this research gap, we reconstructed river sinuosity in 14 sites across the middle Ebro basin, north-eastern Spain, using historical aerial photographs taken in 1927, 1956, 1998-2003 and 2014-2015. Relationships between sinuosity, stand composition and deadwood amount and decay degree were calculated. We also reconstructed radial growth of the major tree species (Populus alba, Populus nigra, Fraxinus angustifolia, Salix alba and Ulmus minor) in two sites to evaluate how coupled it was with changes in river flow after dam building. From 1927 to 2015, sinuosity decreased passing from 1.39 to 1.20. The river dynamics were altered in the 1950s and 1960s after dam and dyke building. Sites with high sinuosity values in 1956 corresponded to mature stands with large P. nigra individuals. Sinuosity was negatively related to F. angustifolia (rs = -0.83, p < 0.001) and P. alba (rs = -0.64, p = 0.02) abundance, whereas sites dominated by P. alba and U. minor presented abundant decayed deadwood. A loss of sinuosity and a contraction of the riverbank gradient increased disconnection of active channel from floodplain, with a mixing of more (e.g., P. nigra) and less phreatophytic species (e.g., U. minor). River flow diversion reduced growth and increased the tree-to-tree P. alba growth coherence. Hydrological droughts contributed to growth decline and dieback of U. minor, which is sensitive to spring river flow. Conservation and restoration of riparian forests must consider historical changes in river geomorphology related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patricia M Rodríguez-Gonzalez
- Forest Research Centre and Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal.
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145
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Liu C, Sack L, Li Y, Zhang J, Yu K, Zhang Q, He N, Yu G. Relationships of stomatal morphology to the environment across plant communities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6629. [PMID: 37857672 PMCID: PMC10587080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between stomatal traits and environmental drivers across plant communities has important implications for ecosystem carbon and water fluxes, but it has remained unclear. Here, we measure the stomatal morphology of 4492 species-site combinations in 340 vegetation plots across China and calculate their community-weighted values for mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. We demonstrate a trade-off between stomatal density and size at the community level. The community-weighted mean and variance of stomatal density are mainly associated with precipitation, while that of stomatal size is mainly associated with temperature, and the skewness and kurtosis of stomatal traits are less related to climatic and soil variables. Beyond mean climate variables, stomatal trait moments also vary with climatic seasonality and extreme conditions. Our findings extend the knowledge of stomatal trait-environment relationships to the ecosystem scale, with applications in predicting future water and carbon cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, 100081, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China.
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 165200, Daxing'anling, China.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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146
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Liao J, Dai Y, An L, Hang J, Shi Y, Zeng L. Water-energy-vegetation nexus explain global geographical variation in surface urban heat island intensity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165158. [PMID: 37385511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface urban heat island (SUHI) is a key climate risk associated with urbanization. Previous case studies have suggested that precipitation (water), radiation (energy), and vegetation have important effects on urban warming, but there is a lack of research that combines these factors to explain the global geographic variation in SUHI intensity (SUHII). Here, we utilize remotely sensed and gridded datasets to propose a new water-energy-vegetation nexus concept that explains the global geographic variation of SUHII across four climate zones and seven major regions. We found that SUHII and its frequency increase from arid zones (0.36 ± 0.15 °C) to humid zones (2.28 ± 0.10 °C), but become weaker in the extreme humid zones (2.18 ± 0.15 °C). We revealed that from semi-arid/humid to humid zones, high precipitation is often coupled with high incoming solar radiation. The increased solar radiation can directly enhance the energy in the area, leading to higher SUHII and its frequency. Although solar radiation is high in arid zones (mainly in West, Central, and South Asia), water limitation leads to sparse natural vegetation, suppressing the cooling effect in rural areas and resulting in lower SUHII. In extreme humid regions (mainly in tropical areas), incoming solar radiation tends to flatten out, which, coupled with increased vegetation as hydrothermal conditions become more favorable, leads to more latent heat and reduces the intensity of SUHI. Overall, this study offers empirical evidence that the water-energy-vegetation nexus highly explains the global geographic variation of SUHII. The results can be used by urban planners seeking optimal SUHI mitigation strategies and for climate change modeling work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, P.R. China; China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory, Xiong'an, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yongjiu Dai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Le An
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, P.R. China; China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory, Xiong'an, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Yurong Shi
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Liyue Zeng
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
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147
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Chen J, Shao Z, Deng X, Huang X, Dang C. Vegetation as the catalyst for water circulation on global terrestrial ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165071. [PMID: 37356767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to further intensify the global water cycle, leading to more rapid evaporation and more intense precipitation. At the same time, the growth and expansion of natural vegetation caused by climate change and human activities create potential conflicts between ecosystems and humans over available water resources. Clarifying how terrestrial ecosystem evapotranspiration responds to global precipitation and vegetation facilitates a better understanding of and prediction for the responses of global ecosystem energy, water, and carbon budgets under climate change. Relying on the spatial and temporal distribution of evapotranspiration, precipitation, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from remote sensing platforms, we decouple the interaction mechanism of evapotranspiration, precipitation, and vegetation in linear and nonlinear scenarios using correlation and partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and binning. Major conclusions are as follows: (1) As a natural catalyst of the global water cycle, vegetation plays a crucial role in regulating the relationship between climate change and the water‑carbon-energy cycle. (2) Vegetation, a key parameter affecting the water cycle, participates in the entire water cycle process. (3) The increase in vegetation productivity and photosynthesis plays a dominant role in promoting evapotranspiration in vegetated areas, while the increase in precipitation dominates the promotion of evapotranspiration in non-vegetated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiongjie Deng
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Chaoya Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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148
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Hou K, Xu X. Ambient temperatures associated with reduced cognitive function in older adults in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17414. [PMID: 37833389 PMCID: PMC10575877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive function status of older adults determines the social function and living quality of older adults, which is related to the healthy development and stability of the society. However, the impact of high or low ambient temperature on cognitive function in older adults remains unclear. Based on data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), we comprehensively assessed the impact of ambient temperature on the cognitive function of older adults in this study. The findings exhibited that for each 1 °C ascent in monthly temperature of high temperature, the examination score of global cognitive function of older adults decreased by 0.48 (95% CI 0.21-0.74), which was greater than that of 0.14 (95% CI 0.06-0.25) for each 1 °C reduction in low temperature. Overall, the detrimental effect of high temperature on cognitive function in older adults was more significant than that of low temperature, including on the five sub-cognitive functions involved. Our research provides vital technical guidance and reference for the health protection and prevention of cognitive function of older adults in specific external environmental conditions under the current climatic variation and temperature rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xia Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, 210029, China
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149
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Millard J, Outhwaite CL, Ceaușu S, Carvalheiro LG, da Silva e Silva FD, Dicks LV, Ollerton J, Newbold T. Key tropical crops at risk from pollinator loss due to climate change and land use. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0756. [PMID: 37824611 PMCID: PMC10569713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinator biodiversity is changing rapidly, with potential consequences for the provision of crop pollination. However, the role of land use-climate interactions in pollinator biodiversity changes, as well as consequent economic effects via changes in crop pollination, remains poorly understood. We present a global assessment of the interactive effects of climate change and land use on pollinator abundance and richness and predictions of the risk to crop pollination from the inferred changes. Using a dataset containing 2673 sites and 3080 insect pollinator species, we show that the interactive combination of agriculture and climate change is associated with large reductions in insect pollinators. As a result, it is expected that the tropics will experience the greatest risk to crop production from pollinator losses. Localized risk is highest and predicted to increase most rapidly, in regions of sub-Saharan Africa, northern South America, and Southeast Asia. Via pollinator loss alone, climate change and agricultural land use could be a risk to human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Millard
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte L. Outhwaite
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Silvia Ceaușu
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luísa G. Carvalheiro
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (CE3C), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Felipe Deodato da Silva e Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT)—Campus Barra do Garças, Barra do Garças, MT 78600-000, Brazil
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, NN1 5PH UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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150
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Chen Q, Wang S, Borer ET, Bakker JD, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Eisenhauer N, Lekberg Y, Buckley YM, Catford JA, Roscher C, Donohue I, Power SA, Daleo P, Ebeling A, Knops JMH, Martina JP, Eskelinen A, Morgan JW, Risch AC, Caldeira MC, Bugalho MN, Virtanen R, Barrio IC, Niu Y, Jentsch A, Stevens CJ, Gruner DS, MacDougall AS, Alberti J, Hautier Y. Multidimensional responses of grassland stability to eutrophication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6375. [PMID: 37821444 PMCID: PMC10567679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication usually impacts grassland biodiversity, community composition, and biomass production, but its impact on the stability of these community aspects is unclear. One challenge is that stability has many facets that can be tightly correlated (low dimensionality) or highly disparate (high dimensionality). Using standardized experiments in 55 grassland sites from a globally distributed experiment (NutNet), we quantify the effects of nutrient addition on five facets of stability (temporal invariability, resistance during dry and wet growing seasons, recovery after dry and wet growing seasons), measured on three community aspects (aboveground biomass, community composition, and species richness). Nutrient addition reduces the temporal invariability and resistance of species richness and community composition during dry and wet growing seasons, but does not affect those of biomass. Different stability measures are largely uncorrelated under both ambient and eutrophic conditions, indicating consistently high dimensionality. Harnessing the dimensionality of ecological stability provides insights for predicting grassland responses to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health & Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Iceland
| | - Yujie Niu
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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