101
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Schneider MK, Xue B, Shi H. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system suppresses mouse white adipose tissue hyperplasia through the β1 adrenergic receptor. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13645. [PMID: 29611347 PMCID: PMC5880815 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expands via both hypertrophy and hyperplasia during the development of obesity. While AT hypertrophy involves the increase in size of existing adipocytes, hyperplasia is the process of creating new adipocytes from the pool of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs), which includes adipocyte progenitor cells and preadipocytes. Prior studies have implicated a role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in regulation of hyperplasia in white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying SNS regulation of APC proliferation in mouse WAT. Using flow cytometry with antibodies against various cell surface markers, along with an intracellular marker of proliferation (Ki67), we quantitated the percentages and proliferative status of adipocyte progenitor cells and preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of WAT. In vivo SNS activation through cold exposure, as well as in vitro adrenergic stimulation via exposure to the canonical SNS neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), inhibited preadipocyte proliferation. Pretreatment with propranolol, a β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, trended toward rescuing the inhibitory effects of NE in primary cell culture. The selective β1‐AR agonist dobutamine diminished preadipocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the selective β2‐AR agonist, salbutamol, promoted proliferation in vitro, suggesting that the β1‐AR may mediate the inhibitory effect of NE on preadipocyte proliferation. Taken together, we conclude that SNS activation suppresses preadipocyte proliferation via activation of the β1 AR in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Schneider
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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102
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Chang E, Kim CY. Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061157. [PMID: 30909556 PMCID: PMC6471203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health crisis. Obesity and its associated health complications such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases impose a big social and economic burden. In an effort to identify safe, efficient, and long-term effective methods to treat obesity, various natural products with potential for inhibiting adipogenesis were revealed. This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. We discuss key steps (proliferation and cell cycle) and their regulators (cell-cycle regulator, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling pathways) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation as the mechanisms responsible for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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103
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Hu J, Li X, Tian W, Lu Y, Xu Y, Wang F, Qin W, Ma X, Puno PT, Xiong W. Adenanthin, a Natural ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid Isolated from the Herb Isodon adenantha Inhibits Adipogenesis and the Development of Obesity by Regulation of ROS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010158. [PMID: 30609810 PMCID: PMC6337096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenanthin, a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid extracted from the herb Isodon adenantha, has been reported to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species in leukemic and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, the function and mechanism of the compound in adipogenesis and the development of obesity is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that adenanthin inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and the underlying mechanism included two processes: a delayed mitotic clonal expansion via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the RB-E2F1 signaling pathway and a reduced C/EBPβ signaling by inhibiting the expression and activity of C/EBPβ during mitotic clonal expansion. Furthermore, adenanthin significantly reduced the growing body weight and adipose tissue mass during high-fat diet-inducing obesity of mice, indicating the beneficial effects of adenanthin as a potential agent for prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xingren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weifeng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wanying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wenyong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China.
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104
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Hammarstedt A, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1911-1941. [PMID: 30067159 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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105
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Cho YL, Park JG, Kang HJ, Kim W, Cho MJ, Jang JH, Kwon MG, Kim S, Lee SH, Lee J, Kim YG, Park YJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Kwon BM, Chung SJ, Min JK. Ginkgetin, a biflavone from Ginkgo biloba leaves, prevents adipogenesis through STAT5-mediated PPARγ and C/EBPα regulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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106
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Cho HH, Park HS, Jang SH, Won C, Kim HD, Kim TH, Cho JH. Rotenoisin A is a novel anti-adipogenic compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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107
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Jung YS, Lee HS, Cho HR, Kim KJ, Kim JH, Safe S, Lee SO. Dual targeting of Nur77 and AMPKα by isoalantolactone inhibits adipogenesis in vitro and decreases body fat mass in vivo. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:952-962. [PMID: 30538281 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of adipogenesis has been considered as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, and the nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1/Nur77) and AMPKα are known to play important roles during early and intermediate stages of adipogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that dual targeting Nur77 and AMPKα would show strong inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. METHODS We screened a herbal medicine-based small molecule library to identify novel natural compounds dual targeting Nur77 and AMPKα, and the antiadipogenic effects and mechanisms of action of a "hit" compound were studied in 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo antiobesity effects of the compound were also investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. RESULTS We identified isoalantolactone (ISO) as a new NR4A1 inactivator that also activates AMPKα in 3T3-L1 cells. ISO, as expected, inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, accompanied by reduced mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) which occurs in the early stage of adipogenesis and decreased expression of genes required for MCE and cell cycle markers including cyclin A, cyclin D1. Furthermore, ISO reduced body weight gain and fat mass (epididymal, subcutaneous, perirenal, and inguinal white adipose tissues) in the high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 N mice. Serum levels of triglycerides, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase and hepatic steatosis were also significantly improved in the ISO-treated group compared to the high-fat diet control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ISO dual targeting Nur77 and AMPKα during adipogenesis represents a novel class of mechanism-based antiadipogenic agents for treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.,Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Keuk-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung College, Gyeongsan, 38547, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung College, Gyeongsan, 38547, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Li CC, Yen CC, Fan CT, Chuang WT, Huang CS, Chen HW, Lii CK. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide suppresses adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and AMPK-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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109
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Essential role of Ahnak in adipocyte differentiation leading to the transcriptional regulation of Bmpr1α expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:864. [PMID: 30154465 PMCID: PMC6113281 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of Ahnak in obesity has been reported previously. Loss of Ahnak leads to decreased Bmp4/Smad1 signaling, resulting in the downregulation of adipocyte differentiation. However, the biological significance of Ahnak remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Ahnak-mediated impaired adipogenesis results in decreased Bmpr1α transcriptional expression. To confirm this, Ahnak siRNA was used to knock-down Ahnak in C3H10T1/2 and primary stromal vascular fraction cells. Ahnak siRNA transfected cells showed suppression of Bmpr1α expression and decreased BMP4/ Bmpr1α signaling. The differential adipogenesis was further confirmed by knock-down of Bmpr1α in C3H10T1/2 cells, which resulted in reduced adipogenesis. Moreover, stable Ahnak knock-out C3H10T1/2 cells stably transfected with Ahnak CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid suppressed expression of Bmpr1α and prevented differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, we developed immortalized pre-adipocytes from wild-type or Ahnak Knock-out mice's stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to confirm the function of Ahnak in pre-adipocyte transition. Immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells showed lower level of Bmpr1α expression, evidence by their impaired BMP4/Bmpr1α signaling. Upon adipogenic induction, immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells exhibited a marked decrease in adipocyte differentiation compared with immortalized wild-type pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, over-expression of Bmpr1α restored the adipogenic activity of Ahnak knock-out C3H10T1/2 cells and immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells. Our data reveal the missing link in Ahnak-mediated adipose tissue remodeling and suggest that precise regulation of Ahnak in adipose tissue might have a therapeutic advantage for metabolic disease treatment.
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110
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Wu R, Liu Y, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Bi Z, Jiang Q, Liu Q, Cai M, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang X. FTO regulates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression via m 6A-YTHDF2 dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1323-1330. [PMID: 30305247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes. Loss of m6A demethylase FTO increases m6A levels and inhibits adipogenesis of preadipocytes. However, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that silencing FTO inhibited adipogenesis of preadipocytes through impairing cell cycle progression at the early stage of adipogenesis. FTO knockdown markedly decreased the expression of CCNA2 and CDK2, crucial cell cycle regulators, leading to delayed entry of MDI-induced cells into G2 phase. Furthermore, the m6A levels of CCNA2 and CDK2 mRNA were significantly upregulated following FTO knockdown. m6A-binding protein YTHDF2 recognized and decayed methylated mRNAs of CCNA2 and CDK2, leading to decreased protein expression, thereby prolonging cell cycle progression and suppressing adipogenesis. Our work unravels that FTO regulates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression in an m6A-YTHDF2 dependent manner, which provides insights into critical roles of m6A methylation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongxi Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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111
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Lee JH, Go Y, Lee B, Hwang YH, Park KI, Cho WK, Ma JY. The fruits of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. inhibits adipogenesis through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion and STAT3 activation in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:61-70. [PMID: 29689351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (G. sinensis) has been used in Oriental medicine for tumor, thrombosis, inflammation-related disease, and obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY The pharmacological inhibitory effects of fruits of G. sinensis (GFE) on hyperlipidemia have been reported, but its inhibitory effects on adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Herein we evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects of GFE and described the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ethanol extracts of GFE on adipocyte differentiation were examined in 3T3-L1 cells using biochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, GFE significantly reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated master adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, at mRNA and protein levels. These changes led to the suppression of several adipogenic-specific genes and proteins, including fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and acetyl CoA carboxylase. However, the inhibitory effects of GFE on lipogenesis were only shown when GFE is treated in the early stage of adipogenesis within the first two days of differentiation. As a potential mechanism, during the early stages of differentiation, GFE inhibited cell proliferation by a decrease in the expression of DNA synthesis-related proteins and increased p27 expression and suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation induced in a differentiation medium. CONCLUSIONS GFE inhibits lipogenesis by negative regulation of adipogenic transcription factors, which is associated with GFE-mediated cell cycle arrest and STAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
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112
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Schäfer A, Mekker B, Mallick M, Vastolo V, Karaulanov E, Sebastian D, von der Lippen C, Epe B, Downes DJ, Scholz C, Niehrs C. Impaired DNA demethylation of C/EBP sites causes premature aging. Genes Dev 2018; 32:742-762. [PMID: 29884649 PMCID: PMC6049513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311969.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Schäfer et al. investigated whether DNA methylation alterations are involved in aging. Using knockout mice for adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET methylcytosine dioxygenases Gadd45a and Ing1, they show that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Changes in DNA methylation are among the best-documented epigenetic alterations accompanying organismal aging. However, whether and how altered DNA methylation is causally involved in aging have remained elusive. GADD45α (growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45A) and ING1 (inhibitor of growth family member 1) are adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that Gadd45a/Ing1 double-knockout mice display segmental progeria and phenocopy impaired energy homeostasis and lipodystrophy characteristic of Cebp (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) mutants. Correspondingly, GADD45α occupies C/EBPβ/δ-dependent superenhancers and, cooperatively with ING1, promotes local DNA demethylation via long-range chromatin loops to permit C/EBPβ recruitment. The results indicate that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Our study suggests a causal nexus between DNA demethylation, metabolism, and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carina von der Lippen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Damien J Downes
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Carola Scholz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center-Center for Molecular Biology (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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113
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Bégay V, Baumeier C, Zimmermann K, Heuser A, Leutz A. The C/EBPβ LIP isoform rescues loss of C/EBPβ function in the mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8417. [PMID: 29849099 PMCID: PMC5976626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates hematopoiesis, bone, liver, fat, and skin homeostasis, and female reproduction. C/EBPβ protein expression from its single transcript occurs by alternative in-frame translation initiation at consecutive start sites to generate three isoforms, two long (LAP*, LAP) and one truncated (LIP), with the same C-terminal bZip dimerization domain. The long C/EBPβ isoforms are considered gene activators, whereas the LIP isoform reportedly acts as a dominant-negative repressor. Here, we tested the putative repressor functions of the C/EBPβ LIP isoform in mice by comparing monoallelic WT or LIP knockin mice with Cebpb knockout mice, in combination with monoallelic Cebpa mice. The C/EBPβ LIP isoform was sufficient to function in coordination with C/EBPα in murine development, adipose tissue and sebocyte differentiation, and female fertility. Thus, the C/EBPβ LIP isoform likely has more physiological functions than its currently known role as a dominant-negative inhibitor, which are more complex than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bégay
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DifE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Pathophysiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt-University, Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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114
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Epigallocatechin gallate targets FTO and inhibits adipogenesis in an mRNA m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1378-1388. [PMID: 29795461 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA plays a role in regulating adipogenesis. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, plays a critical role in anti-obesity and anti-adipogenesis. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) was performed to determine the m6A levels in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The effects of EGCG on the m6A levels in specific genes were determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative real-time PCR (meRIP-qPCR). Several adipogenesis makers and cell cycle genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. Lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil red O staining. All measurements were performed at least for three times. RESULTS Here we showed that EGCG inhibited adipogenesis by blocking the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. Exposing 3T3-L1 cells to EGCG reduced the expression of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein, an m6A demethylase, which led to increased overall levels of RNA m6A methylation. Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) and cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) play vital roles in MCE. The m6A levels of CCNA2 and CDK2 mRNA were dramatically enhanced by EGCG. Interestingly, EGCG increased the expression of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), which recognized and decayed methylated mRNAs, resulting in decreased protein levels of CCNA2 and CDK2. As a result, MCE was blocked and adipogenesis was inhibited. FTO overexpression and YTHDF2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increased CCNA2 and CDK2 protein levels and ameliorated the EGCG-induced adipogenesis inhibition. Thus, m6A-dependent CCNA2 and CDK2 expressions mediated by FTO and YTHDF2 contributed to EGCG-induced adipogenesis inhibition. CONCLUSION Our findings provide mechanistic insights into how m6A is involved in the EGCG regulation of adipogenesis and shed light on its anti-obesity effect.
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Raciti GA, Fiory F, Campitelli M, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Longo M, Nigro C, Pepe G, Sommella E, Campiglia P, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Citrus aurantium L. dry extracts promote C/ebpβ expression and improve adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193704. [PMID: 29596447 PMCID: PMC5875749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and/or endocrine dysfunction of the white adipose tissue (WAT) contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Therefore, the identification of products able to improve adipose tissue function represents a valuable strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of T2D. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of dry extracts obtained from Citrus aurantium L. fruit juice (CAde) on the regulation of 3T3-L1 cells adipocyte differentiation and function in vitro. We found that CAde enhances terminal adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells raising the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/Ebpβ), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4). CAde improves insulin-induced glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well. A focused analysis of the phases occurring in the pre-adipocytes differentiation to mature adipocytes furthermore revealed that CAde promotes the early differentiation stage by up-regulating C/ebpβ expression at 2, 4 and 8 h post the adipogenic induction and anticipating the 3T3-L1 cell cycle entry and progression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). These findings provide evidence that the exposure to CAde enhances in vitro fat cell differentiation of pre-adipocytes and functional capacity of mature adipocytes, and pave the way to the development of products derived from Citrus aurantium L. fruit juice, which may improve WAT functional capacity and may be effective for the prevention and/or treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Alexander Raciti
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GAR); (CM)
| | - Francesca Fiory
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Campitelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GAR); (CM)
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Abstract
Propose Obesity is a fast growing epidemic worldwide. During obesity, the increase in adipose tissue mass arise from two different mechanisms, namely, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Hyperplasia which is the increase in adipocyte number is characteristic of severe obese patients. Recently, there has been much interest in targeting adipogenesis as therapeutic strategy against obesity. Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Methods Presently, we provide a review of key studies evaluating the effects of dietary flavonoids in different stages of adipocyte development with a particular emphasis on the investigations that explore the underlying mechanisms of action of these compounds in human or animal cell lines as well as animal models. Results Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Although most of the studies reveal anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids, some flavonoids demonstrated proadipogenic effect in mesenchymal stem cells or preadipocytes. Conclusion The anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids is mainly via their effect on regulation of several pathways such as induction of apoptosis, suppression of key adipogenic transcription factors, activation of AMPK and Wnt pathways, inhibition of clonal expansion, and cell-cycle arrest.
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Awasthi A, Nain V, Puria R. MYOD and HAND transcription factors have conserved recognition sites in mTOR promoter: insights from in silico analysis. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 11:329-335. [PMID: 29411313 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
mTOR regulates multiple cellular processes that are critical for proper maintenance of cell growth and development. However, mechanisms and factors responsible for transcriptional regulation of mTOR are partially known. To identify different transcription factor binding sites in promoter region of mTOR, we performed in silico phylogenetic foot printing analysis of diverse set of human orthologs. Phylogenetic tree for the orthologs was generated to establish the evolutionary relationships among them. Conserved binding sites among the species were predicted by tool MEME. The predicted conserved sites were further analyzed for binding of transcription factors by MatInspector program. Predicted TFs were then integrated with known physical interactions and coexpression data to decipher the important transcriptional regulators of mTOR signaling. Our study suggests that motifs AGGCGGG (+ 15 to + 21) and GGCGGC (+ 60 to + 65) are highly conserved across the species and are recognition sequence for HAND and MYOD transcription factors, respectively. Also these two transcription factors show direct physical interaction in protein-protein interaction map, indicating their regulatory role on expression of mTOR for control of myogenesis. Our study provides novel clues on differential regulation of mTOR under diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Awasthi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India
| | - Vikrant Nain
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India.
| | - Rekha Puria
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India.
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Du J, Shen L, Tan Z, Zhang P, Zhao X, Xu Y, Gan M, Yang Q, Ma J, Jiang A, Tang G, Jiang Y, Jin L, Li M, Bai L, Li X, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhu L. Betaine Supplementation Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Improves Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:E131. [PMID: 29373534 PMCID: PMC5852707 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major driver of metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, and insulin resistance. However, there are no effective drugs to treat obesity. Betaine is a nontoxic, chemically stable and naturally occurring molecule. This study shows that dietary betaine supplementation significantly inhibits the white fat production in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. This might be due to betaine preventing the formation of new white fat (WAT), and guiding the original WAT to burn through stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting browning of WAT. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. Further analysis shows that betaine supplementation reduced intramyocellular lipid accumulation might be associated with increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fatty acid oxidation, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in muscle. Notably, by performing insulin-tolerance tests (ITTs) and glucose-tolerance tests (GTTs), dietary betaine supplementation could be observed for improvement of obesity and non-obesity induced insulin resistance. Together, these findings could suggest that inhibiting WAT production, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation, betaine supplementation limits HFD-induced obesity and improves insulin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipogenesis
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Betaine/adverse effects
- Betaine/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Lipid Droplets/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Zhendong Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Mailing Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611100, China.
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - An'an Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life and Biology Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
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Ascorbic acid promotes 3T3-L1 cells adipogenesis by attenuating ERK signaling to upregulate the collagen VI. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 29299041 PMCID: PMC5745638 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type VI collagen is supposed to be a regulation factor in adipogenesis. This study aimed to assess the promoting effect of vitamin C (VC) on adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes as well as its mechanism. Methods Five sets of different combinations of chemicals were used to inhibit synthesis of type I to VI collagens, blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, to explore whether collagen VI plays a critical role during adipogenesis, specific knockdown of collagen VI was performed by using RNA interference. The morphology and expression patterns of several target factors involved in adipogenesis were assessed at various time points. Results A reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and an increase in collagen VI and adipogenic-specific factors, such as C/EBPβ, PPARγ and C/EBPα, were observed after treating adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells with AA2P, a stable derivative of VC. Inhibition of collagen synthesis by ethyl-3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) or by specific knockdown of collagen VI by RNAi could promote ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both cases could be attenuated by AA2P treatment. In addition, the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of both MEK1 and MEK2 and a type of MAPK/ERK kinase, up-regulated the expression of collagen VI, while it down-regulated the adipogenic-specific factors. Conclusion AA2P could up-regulate the expression of collagen VI by attenuating ERK1/2 phosphorylation, further up-regulating adipocyte-specific factors, thus finally promoting the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-017-0234-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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121
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Cheon SY, Chung KS, Roh SS, Cha YY, An HJ. Bee Venom Suppresses the Differentiation of Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:toxins10010009. [PMID: 29295544 PMCID: PMC5793096 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has been widely used in the treatment of certain immune-related diseases. It has been used for pain relief and in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite its extensive use, there is little documented evidence to demonstrate its medicinal utility against obesity. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of BV on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model through the inhibition of adipogenesis. BV inhibited lipid accumulation, visualized by Oil Red O staining, without cytotoxicity in the 3T3-L1 cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a HFD or a control diet for 8 weeks, and BV (0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg) or saline was injected during the last 4 weeks. BV-treated mice showed a reduced body weight gain. BV was shown to inhibit adipogenesis by downregulating the expression of the transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. BV induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the cell line and in obese mice. These findings demonstrate that BV mediates anti-obesity/differentiation effects by suppressing obesity-related transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yun Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Suseong-gu, Deagu 42158, Korea.
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
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Chan CY, Yu P, Chang FT, Chen ZH, Lee MF, Huang CY. Transcription factor HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) modulates mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) during adipocyte differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4205-4215. [PMID: 29030964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) has been found to be up-regulated in rat adipose tissue and differentiated preadipocyte; however, how HBP1 is involved in adipocyte formation remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that under a standard differentiation protocol HBP1 expression fluctuates with down-regulation in the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage followed by up-regulation in the terminal differentiation stage in both 3T3-L1 and MEF cell models. Also, HBP1 knockdown accelerated cell cycle progression in the MCE stage, but it impaired final adipogenesis. To gain further insight into the role of HBP1 in the MCE stage, we found that the HBP1 expression pattern is reciprocal to that of C/EBPβ, and ectopic expression of HBP1suppresses C/EBPβ expression. These data indicate that HBP1 functions as a negative regulator of MCE. In contrast, when HBP1 expression was gradually elevated along with a concomitant induction of C/EBPα at the end of the MCE, HBP1 knockdown leads to a significant reduction of C/EBPα expression, suggesting that HBP1-mediated C/EBPα expression may be needed for the termination of the cell cycle at the end of MCE for terminal differentiation. All told, our findings show that HBP1 is a key transcription factor in the already complicated regulatory cascade during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Chan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Tzu Chang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Hua Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen Q, Hao W, Xiao C, Wang R, Xu X, Lu H, Chen W, Deng CX. SIRT6 Is Essential for Adipocyte Differentiation by Regulating Mitotic Clonal Expansion. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3155-3166. [PMID: 28355567 PMCID: PMC9396928 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes initiate differentiation into adipocytes through a cascade of events. Mitotic clonal expansion, as one of the earliest events, is essential for adipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate mitotic clonal expansion remain elusive. SIRT6 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent protein deacetylases. Here, we show that SIRT6 deficiency in preadipocytes blocks their adipogenesis. Analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis reveals that KIF5C, which belongs to the kinesin family, is negatively regulated by SIRT6. Furthermore, we show that KIF5C is a negative factor for adipogenesis through interacting with CK2α', a catalytic subunit of CK2. This interaction blocks CK2α' nuclear translocation and CK2 kinase activity and inhibits mitotic clonal expansion during adipogenesis. These findings reveal a crucial role of SIRT6 in adipogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenhui Hao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomic Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Hunt BG, Wang YL, Chen MS, Wang SC, Waltz SE. Maternal diethylhexyl phthalate exposure affects adiposity and insulin tolerance in offspring in a PCNA-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:588-594. [PMID: 28915506 PMCID: PMC5653374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous plasticizer, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), is a known endocrine disruptor. However, DEHP exposure effects are not well understood. Changes in industrial and agricultural practices have resulted in increased prevalence of DEHP exposure and has coincided with the heightened occurrence of metabolic syndrome and obesity. DEHP and its metabolites are detected in the umbilical cord blood of newborns; however, the prenatal and perinatal effects of DEHP exposure have not been intensively studied. Previously, we discovered that phosphorylation (p) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at tyrosine 114 (Y114) is required for adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity in mice. Here, we show the unique ability of DEHP to induce p-Y114 in PCNA in vitro. We also show that while DEHP promotes adipogenesis of wild type (WT) murine embryonic fibroblasts, mutation of Y114 to phenylalanine (Y114F) in PCNA blocked adipocyte differentiation. Given the induction of p-Y114 in PCNA by DEHP and the relationship to obesity, WT and Y114F PCNA mice were exposed to DEHP during gestation or lactation, followed by high fat diet feeding. Paradoxically, in utero exposure of Y114F PCNA females to DEHP led to a significant increase in body mass and was associated with augmented expression of PPARγ, a critical regulator of obesity, compared to WT controls. In utero exposure of WT mice to DEHP led to insulin sensitivity while Y114F mutation ablated this phenotype, indicating that PCNA is an important regulator of early DEHP exposure and ensuing metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Hunt
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Susan E Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA; Research Service, Cincinnati Veteran's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Cao H, Zhang S, Shan S, Sun C, Li Y, Wang H, Yu S, Liu Y, Guo F, Zhai Q, Wang YC, Jiang J, Wang H, Yan J, Liu W, Ying H. Ligand-dependent corepressor (LCoR) represses the transcription factor C/EBPβ during early adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18973-18987. [PMID: 28972158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate gene transcription by recruiting coregulators, involved in chromatin remodeling and assembly of the basal transcription machinery. The NR-associated protein ligand-dependent corepressor (LCoR) has previously been shown to suppress hepatic lipogenesis by decreasing the binding of steroid receptor coactivators to thyroid hormone receptor. However, the role of LCoR in adipogenesis has not been established. Here, we show that LCoR expression is reduced in the early stage of adipogenesis in vitro LCoR overexpression inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, whereas LCoR knockdown promoted it. Using an unbiased affinity purification approach, we identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a key transcriptional regulator in early adipogenesis, and corepressor C-terminal binding proteins as potential components of an LCoR-containing complex in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that LCoR directly interacts with C/EBPβ through its C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain, required for LCoR's inhibitory effects on adipogenesis. LCoR overexpression also inhibited C/EBPβ transcriptional activity, leading to inhibition of mitotic clonal expansion and transcriptional repression of C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2). However, LCoR overexpression did not affect the recruitment of C/EBPβ to the promoters of C/EBPα and PPARγ2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Of note, restoration of PPARγ2 or C/EBPα expression attenuated the inhibitory effect of LCoR on adipogenesis. Mechanistically, LCoR suppressed C/EBPβ-mediated transcription by recruiting C-terminal binding proteins to the C/EBPα and PPARγ2 promoters and by modulating histone modifications. Taken together, our results indicate that LCoR negatively regulates early adipogenesis by repressing C/EBPβ transcriptional activity and add LCoR to the growing list of transcriptional corepressors of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Cao
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | | | - Shifang Shan
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Sun
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | - Yan Li
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | - Shuxian Yu
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | - Yi Liu
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China, and
| | - Jun Yan
- Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Eduction Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Wei Liu
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and
| | - Hao Ying
- From the Key Laboratories of Food Safety Research and .,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China, and
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Li Y, Rong Y, Bao L, Nie B, Ren G, Zheng C, Amin R, Arnold RD, Jeganathan RB, Huggins KW. Suppression of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by stearidonic acid (SDA) in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:181. [PMID: 28946872 PMCID: PMC5613458 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased consumption of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids found in cold-water fish and fish oil has been reported to protect against obesity. A potential mechanism may be through reduction in adipocyte differentiation. Stearidonic acid (SDA), a plant-based ω-3 fatty acid, has been targeted as a potential surrogate for fish-based fatty acids; however, its role in adipocyte differentiation is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of SDA on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of SDA or vehicle-control. Cell viability assay was conducted to determine potential toxicity of SDA. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining and triglyceride (TG) quantification in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Fatty acid analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results 3T3-L1 cells treated with SDA were viable at concentrations used for all studies. SDA treatment reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This anti-adipogenic effect by SDA was a result of down-regulation of mRNA levels of the adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha and beta (C/EBPα, C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). SDA treatment resulted in decreased expression of the lipid accumulation genes adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (AP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The transcriptional activity of PPARγ was found to be decreased with SDA treatment. SDA treatment led to significant EPA enrichment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to vehicle-control. Conclusion These results demonstrated that SDA can suppress adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells through down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and genes associated with lipid accumulation. This study suggests the use of SDA as a dietary treatment for obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-017-0574-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueru Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yinghui Rong
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lisui Bao
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ben Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ramesh B Jeganathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Kevin W Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Seo YJ, Kim KJ, Koh EJ, Choi J, Lee BY. Anti-adipogenesis mechanism of pterostilbene through the activation of heme oxygenase-1 in 3T3-L1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:7-13. [PMID: 28887923 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid and major compound and has diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. However, it has not been shown whether pterostilbene affects the mitotic clonal expansion during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the detailed mechanism of pterostilbene on anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS Preadipocytes were converted to adipocytes through treatment with MDI (IBMX; 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, DEX; dexamethasone, insulin) in 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining was performed to measure intracellular lipid accumulation. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze protein expressions. RESULTS Our results showed that pterostilbene decreased the lipid accumulation compared to MDI-induced differentiation, using Oil Red O staining. Next, we found that pterostilbene suppressed the expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and aP2 as well as the mitotic clonal expansion-associated proteins CHOP10 and C/EBPβ, by western blot analysis. Our results indicated that pterostilbene may repress adipocyte differentiation through the activation of HO-1 expression prior to entering into the mitotic clonal expansion in 3T3-L1 cells. RNA interference was used to determine whether HO-1 acts as a regulator of CHOP10. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that pterostilbene induced HO-1 expression which acts as a regulator of CHOP10. Together, we demonstrated that pterostilbene suppresses the initiation of mitotic clonal expansion via up-regulation of HO-1 expression during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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Silvagno F, Pescarmona G. Spotlight on vitamin D receptor, lipid metabolism and mitochondria: Some preliminary emerging issues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 450:24-31. [PMID: 28414049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional control and modulation of calcium fluxes underpin the differentiating properties of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). In the latest years however few studies have pointed out the relevance of the mitochondrial effects of the hormone. It is now time to focus on the metabolic results of vitamin D receptor (VDR) action in mitochondria, which can explain the pleiotropic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and may elucidate few contrasting aspects of its activity. The perturbation of lipid metabolism described in VDR knockout mice and vitamin D deficient animals can be revisited based on the newly identified mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)2D3 in mitochondria. From the same point of view, the controversial role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in adipogenesis can be better interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Pescarmona
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Buerger F, Müller S, Ney N, Weiner J, Heiker JT, Kallendrusch S, Kovacs P, Schleinitz D, Thiery J, Stadler SC, Burkhardt R. Depletion of Jmjd1c impairs adipogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1709-1717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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131
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Liu HX, Wang YM, Hu JP, Huang LY, Fang NY. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit via sirtuin 1. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:271-281. [PMID: 28552586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit (MTPα) is involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway. Two MTPα activities, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain hydratase, have been linked with the occurrence and development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. These activities catalyze two steps in the FAO pathway (the second and third reactions). However, the role of MTPα in the pathogenesis of obesity has not been evaluated, and the functional role of MTPα in adipocyte differentiation has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the functional role of MTPα using in vitro and in vivo models of adipogenesis. MTPα expression was upregulated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells into adipocytes. MTPα gene silencing stimulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha(C/EBPα) expression, which promoted adipocyte differentiation. By contrast, MTPα overexpression blocked adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Further analysis showed that MTPα positively regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Injection of preadipocytes overexpressing MTPα into athymic mice significantly impaired de novo fat pad formation compared with that of the control, and furthermore MTPα knockdown enhances fat pad formation at a time point earlier than 5-week, such as week-2 and week-3, when the control fat pad is not fully developed. In summary, our data indicate that MTPα is a novel factor that negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation. We propose a pathway in which MTPα inhibits adipogenesis by promoting SIRT1 expression, which represses PPARγ and attenuates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Reed KM, Mendoza KM, Abrahante JE, Barnes NE, Velleman SG, Strasburg GM. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:352. [PMID: 28477619 PMCID: PMC5420122 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells cultured under cold or hot thermal challenge to better define molecular mechanisms by which thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure. RESULTS Satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 7-weeks-old male turkeys from two breeding lines (16 weeks body weight-selected and it's randombred control) were proliferated in culture at 33 °C, 38 °C or 43 °C for 72 h. Total RNA was isolated and 12 libraries subjected to RNAseq analysis. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered by cold treatment than by hot and fewer differences observed between lines than between temperatures. Pathway analysis found that cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication/cell signaling as compared to control (38 °C). Heat-treated muscle satellite cells showed greater tendency towards expression of genes related to muscle system development and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant transcriptome effects on turkey skeletal muscle satellite cells exposed to thermal challenge. Additional effects on gene expression could be attributed to genetic selection for 16 weeks body weight (muscle mass). New targets are identified for further research on the differential control of satellite cell proliferation in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Reed
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Kristelle M. Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Juan E. Abrahante
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Natalie E. Barnes
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Sandra G. Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH USA
| | - Gale M. Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Falkenberg KD, Jakobs A, Matern JC, Dörner W, Uttarkar S, Trentmann A, Steinmann S, Coulibaly A, Schomburg C, Mootz HD, Schmidt TJ, Klempnauer KH. Withaferin A, a natural compound with anti-tumor activity, is a potent inhibitor of transcription factor C/EBPβ. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1349-1358. [PMID: 28476645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that deregulation of the transcription factor Myb contributes to the development of leukemia and several other human cancers, making Myb and its cooperation partners attractive targets for drug development. By employing a myeloid Myb-reporter cell line we have identified Withaferin A (WFA), a natural compound that exhibits anti-tumor activities, as an inhibitor of Myb-dependent transcription. Analysis of the inhibitory mechanism of WFA showed that WFA is a significantly more potent inhibitor of C/EBPβ, a transcription factor cooperating with Myb in myeloid cells, than of Myb itself. We show that WFA covalently modifies specific cysteine residues of C/EBPβ, resulting in the disruption of the interaction of C/EBPβ with the co-activator p300. Our work identifies C/EBPβ as a novel direct target of WFA and highlights the role of p300 as a crucial co-activator of C/EBPβ. The finding that WFA is a potent inhibitor of C/EBPβ suggests that inhibition of C/EBPβ might contribute to the biological activities of WFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Falkenberg
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anke Jakobs
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian C Matern
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dörner
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sagar Uttarkar
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Amke Trentmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simone Steinmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Coulibaly
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Schomburg
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yang EST, Wang S, Chang R, Zhang ZD, Yang G, Strich R, Pessin JE, Yang F. Cyclin C regulates adipogenesis by stimulating transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8918-8932. [PMID: 28351837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is important for maintaining energy homeostasis and adaptive thermogenesis in rodents and humans. As disorders arising from dysregulated energy metabolism, such as obesity and metabolic diseases, have increased, so has interest in the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte biology. Using a functional screen, we identified cyclin C (CycC), a conserved subunit of the Mediator complex, as a novel regulator for brown adipocyte formation. siRNA-mediated CycC knockdown (KD) in brown preadipocytes impaired the early transcriptional program of differentiation, and genetic KO of CycC completely blocked the differentiation process. RNA sequencing analyses of CycC-KD revealed a critical role of CycC in activating genes co-regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Overexpression of PPARγ2 or addition of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone rescued the defects in CycC-KO brown preadipocytes and efficiently activated the PPARγ-responsive promoters in both WT and CycC-KO cells, suggesting that CycC is not essential for PPARγ transcriptional activity. In contrast, CycC-KO significantly reduced C/EBPα-dependent gene expression. Unlike for PPARγ, overexpression of C/EBPα could not induce C/EBPα target gene expression in CycC-KO cells or rescue the CycC-KO defects in brown adipogenesis, suggesting that CycC is essential for C/EBPα-mediated gene activation. CycC physically interacted with C/EBPα, and this interaction was required for C/EBPα transactivation domain activity. Consistent with the role of C/EBPα in white adipogenesis, CycC-KD also inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into white adipocytes. Together, these data indicate that CycC activates adipogenesis in part by stimulating the transcriptional activity of C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology
| | - Ellen S T Yang
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology
| | - Sven Wang
- the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - Rui Chang
- the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | | | - Gongshe Yang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China,
| | - Randy Strich
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08055
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and.,Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Fajun Yang
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, and .,Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology
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135
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Takahashi D, Mori T, Sohara E, Tanaka M, Chiga M, Inoue Y, Nomura N, Zeniya M, Ochi H, Takeda S, Suganami T, Rai T, Uchida S. WNK4 is an Adipogenic Factor and Its Deletion Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:118-127. [PMID: 28314693 PMCID: PMC5405161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) 4 gene is a causative gene in pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. Although WNKs are widely expressed in the body, neither their metabolic functions nor their extrarenal role is clear. In this study, we found that WNK4 was expressed in mouse adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In mouse primary preadipocytes and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, WNK4 was markedly induced in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation. WNK4 expression preceded the expression of key transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. WNK4-siRNA-transfected 3T3-L1 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and lipid accumulation. WNK4 protein affected the DNA-binding ability of C/EBPβ and thereby reduced PPARγ expression. In the WNK4−/− mice, PPARγ and C/EBPα expression were decreased in adipose tissues, and the mice exhibited partial resistance to high-fat diet-induced adiposity. These data suggest that WNK4 may be a proadipogenic factor, and offer insights into the relationship between WNKs and energy metabolism. WNK4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in mouse and human preadipocytes. WNK4−/− mice exhibit reduced adiposity and increased insulin sensitivity. WNK4 may be a drug target for diet-induced obesity and salt-sensitive hypertension.
The with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) 4 gene is a causative gene in pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a hereditary hypertensive disease. Although WNKs are widely expressed in the body and are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, neither their metabolic functions nor their extrarenal role is clear. This study demonstrated a contribution of WNK4 to the regulation of core transcriptional factors for adipogenesis and that its depletion indicates some beneficial effects for obesity by a high-fat diet. This study suggests a role of hypertension-causing WNK4 as a proadipogenic factor and offers insights into the relationship between WNKs and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiei Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motoko Chiga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Moko Zeniya
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan..
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136
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Xu P, Li J, Liu J, Wang J, Wu Z, Zhang X, Zhai Y. Mature adipocytes observed to undergo reproliferation and polyploidy. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:652-658. [PMID: 28469978 PMCID: PMC5407891 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid‐filled mature adipocytes are important for the study of lipid metabolism and in the development of obesity, but whether they are capable of reproliferation is still controversial. Here, we monitored lipid droplet dynamics and adipocyte reproliferation in live, differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells using a phase‐contrast microscope in real time. Phase‐contrast microscopy achieves a similar visual effect in situ to that obtained using traditional dyes such as Oil Red O and BODIPY in vitro. Using this method, we captured the process that lipid droplets use for dynamic fusion in living cells. Unexpectedly, we acquired images of the moment that differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells containing lipid droplets entered mitosis. In addition, we observed some binucleated mature adipocytes. This information provides a better understanding of the adipocyte differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology Baotou Teacher's College China
| | - Zekai Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry Institute of Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry Institute of Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
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137
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Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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138
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Brier ASB, Loft A, Madsen J, Rosengren T, Nielsen R, Schmidt SF, Liu Z, Yan Q, Gronemeyer H, Mandrup S. The KDM5 family is required for activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes during adipocyte differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1743-1759. [PMID: 27899593 PMCID: PMC5389521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM5 family of histone demethylases removes the H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) mark frequently found at promoter regions of actively transcribed genes and is therefore generally considered to contribute to corepression. In this study, we show that knockdown (KD) of all expressed members of the KDM5 family in white and brown preadipocytes leads to deregulated gene expression and blocks differentiation to mature adipocytes. KDM5 KD leads to a considerable increase in H3K4me3 at promoter regions; however, these changes in H3K4me3 have a limited effect on gene expression per se. By contrast, genome-wide analyses demonstrate that KDM5A is strongly enriched at KDM5-activated promoters, which generally have high levels of H3K4me3 and are associated with highly expressed genes. We show that KDM5-activated genes include a large set of cell cycle regulators and that the KDM5s are necessary for mitotic clonal expansion in 3T3-L1 cells, indicating that KDM5 KD may interfere with differentiation in part by impairing proliferation. Notably, the demethylase activity of KDM5A is required for activation of at least a subset of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes. In conclusion, the KDM5 family acts as dual modulators of gene expression in preadipocytes and is required for early stage differentiation and activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie B. Brier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. S. Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rosengren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Søren F. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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139
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Transcriptional regulation analysis of FAM3A gene and its effect on adipocyte differentiation. Gene 2016; 595:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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140
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Chen G, Han Y, He W, Liang F. Amentoflavone protects against high fat-induced metabolic dysfunction: Possible role of the regulation of adipogenic differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1759-1767. [PMID: 27748827 PMCID: PMC5117752 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of amentoflavone (AMF) against high-fat (HF) diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and focused on the influence of AMF on adipogenic differentiation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were fed a HF diet or a HF diet with AMF (10 or 50 mg/kg). We found that AMF protected against HF diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by a decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels, fasting insulin levels and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), as well as by a decrease in the glucose level, as shown by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. Moreover, the results revealed that AMF significantly inhibited the increase in body weight, the weight of perirenal adipose tissues and the serum triglyceride (TG) content of the rats fed the HF diet in a dose-dependent manner. AMF also inhibited the accumulation of oil droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The incubation of the cells with AMF for 0–8, 0–2, 2–4, or 4–8 days markedly inhibited adipogenesis. During the early phase of the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, AMF decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β expression in a concentration-dependent manner, leading to the inhibition of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Moreover, our results demonstrated that AMF significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cells and the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), markedly attenuated the inhibitory effects of AMF on adipogenesis. AMF also inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα and the expression of downstream targets in a concentration-dependent manner. The overexpression of PPARγ and C/EBPα (by transfection with respective overexpression plasmids) attentuated the inhibitory effects of AMF on the formation of oil droplets. The inhibitory effects of AMF on adipocyte differentiation may contribute to its protective effects against HF diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Overall, the data in our study provide novel insight into the mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of AMF against HF diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and those for its inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yangdong Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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141
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Soto D, Gomez-Serrano M, Pieralisi A, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits kinase phosphorylation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Redox Rep 2016; 22:265-271. [PMID: 27670786 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1223267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports investigating the effects of antioxidants on obesity have provided contradictory results. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits cellular triglyceride (Tg) accumulation as well as total cellular monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes (Calzadilla et al., Redox Rep. 2013;210-218). Here we analyzed the role of NAC on adipogenic differentiation pathway. METHODS Assays were conducted using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC). We studied the effects of different doses of NAC (0.01 or 1 mM) on DC, to evaluate cellular expression of phospho-JNK½ (pJNK½), phospho-ERK½ (pERK½) and, mitochondrial expression of citrate synthase, fumarate hydratase and MAOA. RESULTS Following the differentiation of preadipocytes, an increase in the expression levels of pJNK½ and pERK½ was observed, together with mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). We found that both doses of NAC decreased the expression of pJNK½ and pERK½. Consistent with these results, NAC significantly inhibited MCE and modified the expression of different mitochondrial proteins. DISCUSSION Our results suggested that NAC could inhibit Tg and mitochondrial protein expression by preventing both MCE and kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Soto
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Gomez-Serrano
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Azul Pieralisi
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Belén Peral
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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142
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Chen CC, Chuang WT, Lin AH, Tsai CW, Huang CS, Chen YT, Chen HW, Lii CK. Andrographolide inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by suppressing C/EBPβ expression and activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 307:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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143
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Han YH, Li Z, Um JY, Liu XQ, Hong SH. Anti-adipogenic effect of Glycoside St-E2 and Glycoside St-C1 isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms in 3T3-L1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2391-2400. [PMID: 27494072 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1217150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms has been used in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, and abdominal pain. This study evaluated whether natural compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms could inhibit adipocyte differentiation by regulating transcriptional factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was also evaluated. Among the several compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms, Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 were found to activate AMPK when they regulated PPARγ and C/EBPα. Results confirmed that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms can inhibit adipogenesis through the AMPK-PPARγ-C/EBPα mechanism. Thus, this study suggests that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 have a therapeutic effect due to activation of the AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Li
- b School of Pharmacy , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha , China
| | - Jae-Young Um
- c College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang Qian Liu
- b School of Pharmacy , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha , China
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
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144
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Hwang EY, Yu MH, Jung YS, Lee SP, Shon JH, Lee SO. Defatted safflower seed extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves lipid profiles in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2016; 36:995-1003. [PMID: 27632920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that defatted safflower seed which is known to be rich in polyphenols might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders, and therefore the anti-adipogenic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract from defatted safflower (Cathamus tinctorius L.) seeds (CSE) were investigated both in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. CSE inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreased expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, SREBP1c and PPARγ, and their target genes. Six-week-old obese (ob/ob) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with CSE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Body fat mass (epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues) in the CSE-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the high-fat diet control (HFD) group, whereas average daily food intake was not significantly different among the groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were also significantly lower in the CSE groups compared to the HFD group. These results suggest that CSE which decreases body fat mass and improves lipid profiles in plasma and liver, represents a potential treatment option for obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Pin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; The center for Traditional Microorganism Resource (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Shon
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Hwarang-ro 94, Gyeongsan 712-260, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; The center for Traditional Microorganism Resource (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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145
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Tao J, Zheng L, Meng M, Li Y, Lu Z. Shp2 suppresses the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells at an early stage. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16051. [PMID: 27551539 PMCID: PMC4979423 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphatase protein Shp2 is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. However, the mechanism of Shp2 during adipogenesis is not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of Shp2 in the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes. The results showed that Shp2 suppressed adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells; overexpression of Shp2 reduced lipid droplet production in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas Shp2 knockdown increased lipid droplet production in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of Shp2 activity also enhanced adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, Shp2 expression was specifically decreased early during differentiation in response to stimulation with the dexamethasone–methylisobutylxanthine–insulin (DMI) hormone cocktail. During the first 2 days of differentiation, Shp2 overexpression impaired the DMI-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in 3T3-L1 cells and blocked the peak expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β and δ during preadipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, Shp2 downregulated the early stages of hormone-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited the expression of the first wave of transcription factors by suppressing the DMI-induced STAT3 signaling pathway. These discoveries point to a novel role of Shp2 during adipogenesis and support the hypothesis that Shp2 could be a therapeutic target for the control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - L Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - M Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Y Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Z Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
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146
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Hasegawa Y, Nakagawa E, Kadota Y, Kawaminami S. Lignosulfonic acid promotes hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 cells without increasing lipid content and increases their 2-deoxyglucose uptake. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:111-118. [PMID: 27383805 PMCID: PMC5205585 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of obesity and diabetes. We previously reported that lignosulfonic acid suppresses the rise in blood glucose levels through the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose absorption. The purpose of this study is to examine further biological activities of lignosulfonic acid. Methods In this study, we examined the effect of lignosulfonic acid on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Results While lignosulfonic acid inhibited proliferation (mitotic clonal expansion) after induction of differentiation, lignosulfonic acid significantly increased the size of accumulated lipid droplets in the cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that lignosulfonic acid increased the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, feeding lignosulfonic acid to diabetic KK-Ay mice suppressed increase of blood glucose level. Conclusion Lignosulfonic acid may be useful as a functional anti-diabetic component of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Erina Nakagawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiya Kadota
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaminami
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
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147
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Peng X, Giménez-Cassina A, Petrus P, Conrad M, Rydén M, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase 1 suppresses adipocyte differentiation and insulin responsiveness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28080. [PMID: 27346647 PMCID: PMC4921861 DOI: 10.1038/srep28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by Txnrd1, was suggested to modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Here we discovered that TrxR1 suppresses insulin responsiveness, anabolic metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Txnrd1 (Txnrd1−/−) displayed increased metabolic flux, glycogen storage, lipogenesis and adipogenesis. This phenotype coincided with upregulated PPARγ expression, promotion of mitotic clonal expansion and downregulation of p27 and p53. Enhanced Akt activation also contributed to augmented adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of TXNRD1 transcripts accelerated adipocyte differentiation also in human primary preadipocytes. Furthermore, TXNRD1 transcript levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 56 women were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo and lipogenesis in their isolated adipocytes. These results suggest that TrxR1 suppresses anabolic metabolism and adipogenesis by inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways downstream of insulin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Peng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Petrus
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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148
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Wu W, Sun Y, Zhao C, Zhao C, Chen X, Wang G, Pang W, Yang G. Lipogenesis in myoblasts and its regulation of CTRP6 by AdipoR1/Erk/PPARγ signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:509-19. [PMID: 27125977 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induced lipogenesis and its regulation in C2C12 myoblasts remain largely unclear. Here, we found that the cocktail method could significantly induce lipogenesis through regulating lipid metabolic genes and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in myoblasts. Meanwhile, the expression and secretion of CTRP6 were increased during ectopic lipogenesis. Moreover, CTRP6 knockdown down-regulated the levels of lipogenic genes and phosphorylated Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) in the early lipogenic stage, whereas up-regulated p-Erk1/2 in the terminal differentiation. Interestingly, the effect of CTRP6 siRNA was attenuated by U0126 (a special p-Erk1/2 inhibitor) in myoblasts. Furthermore, AdipoR1, not AdipoR2, was first identified as a receptor of CTRP6 during the process of mitotic clonal expansion. Collectively, we suggest that CTRP6 mediates the ectopic lipogenesis through AdipoR1/Erk/PPARγ signaling pathway in myoblasts. Our findings will shed light on the novel biological function of CTRP6 during myoblast lipogenesis and provide a hopeful direction of improving meat quality of domestic animal by lipogenic regulation in skeletal muscle myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cunzhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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149
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Processed Panax ginseng, sun ginseng, inhibits the differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:257-267. [PMID: 28701865 PMCID: PMC5489751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat-processed ginseng, sun ginseng (SG), has been reported to have improved therapeutic properties compared with raw forms, such as increased antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiobesity effects of SG through the suppression of cell differentiation and proliferation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and the lipid accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods To investigate the effect of SG on adipocyte differentiation, levels of stained intracellular lipid droplets were quantified by measuring the oil red O signal in the lipid extracts of cells on differentiation Day 7. To study the effect of SG on fat accumulation in C. elegans, L4 stage worms were cultured on an Escherichia coli OP50 diet supplemented with 10 μg/mL of SG, followed by Nile red staining. To determine the effect of SG on gene expression of lipid and glucose metabolism-regulation molecules, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, the phosphorylation of Akt was examined by Western blotting. Results SG suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells stimulated by a mixture of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI), and inhibited the proliferation of adipocytes during differentiation. Treatment of C. elegans with SG showed reductions in lipid accumulation by Nile red staining, thus directly demonstrating an antiobesity effect for SG. Furthermore, SG treatment downregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα) and decreased the mRNA level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in MDI-treated adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-regulating factors, such as amplifying mouse fatty acid-binding protein 2, leptin, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid transporter protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, were increased, whereas that of the lipolytic enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 was decreased. Our data demonstrate that SG inversely regulated the expression of these genes in differentiated adipocytes. SG induced increases in the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes such as glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and a decrease in the mRNA level of the glycogenic enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase. In addition, mRNA levels of the glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT4, and insulin receptor substrate-1 were elevated by MDI stimulation, whereas SG dose-dependently inhibited the expression of these genes in differentiated adipocytes. SG also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) at an early phase of MDI stimulation. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels were markedly decreased by MDI stimulation and recovered by SG treatment of adipocytes. Conclusion Our results suggest that SG effectively inhibits adipocyte proliferation and differentiation through the downregulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα, by suppressing Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation and enhancing NO production. These results provide strong evidence to support the development of SG for antiobesity treatment.
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Anti-lipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effect of açai ( Euterpe oleracea Martius) polyphenols on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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