101
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are important to much of life on Earth and are of inherent interest to humanity, implicated in fields ranging from agriculture and ecology to developmental biology and medicine. New techniques show that it is not simply the presence of clocks, but coordination between them that is critical for complex physiological processes across the kingdoms of life. Recent years have also seen impressive advances in synthetic biology to the point where parallels can be drawn between synthetic biological and circadian oscillators. This review will emphasize theoretical and experimental studies that have revealed a fascinating dichotomy of coupling and heterogeneity among circadian clocks. We will also consolidate the fields of chronobiology and synthetic biology, discussing key design principles of their respective oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris N Micklem
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CH3 0HE, UK
| | - James C W Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
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102
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Gyorik D, Eszlari N, Gal Z, Torok D, Baksa D, Kristof Z, Sutori S, Petschner P, Juhasz G, Bagdy G, Gonda X. Every Night and Every Morn: Effect of Variation in CLOCK Gene on Depression Depends on Exposure to Early and Recent Stress. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:687487. [PMID: 34512413 PMCID: PMC8428175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circadian dysregulation is increasingly acknowledged in the background of depressive symptoms, and is also a promising treatment target. Similarly, stress shows a complex relationship with the circadian system. The CLOCK gene, encoding a key element in circadian regulation has been implicated in previous candidate variant studies in depression with contradictory findings, and only a few such studies considered the interacting effects of stress. We investigated the effect of CLOCK variation with a linkage-disequilibrium-based clumping method, in interaction with childhood adversities and recent negative life events, on two phenotypes of depression, lifetime depression and current depressive symptoms in a general population sample. Methods: Participants in NewMood study completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess current depressive symptoms, provided data on lifetime depression, and were genotyped for 1054 SNPs in the CLOCK gene, 370 of which survived quality control and were entered into linear and logistic regression models with current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression as the outcome variable, and childhood adversities or recent life events as interaction variables followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping process to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. Results: No significant clumps with a main effect were found. In interaction with recent life events a significant clump containing 94 SNPs with top SNP rs6825994 for dominant and rs6850524 for additive models on current depression was identified, while in interaction with childhood adversities on current depressive symptoms, two clumps, both containing 9 SNPs were found with top SNPs rs6828454 and rs711533. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CLOCK contributes to depressive symptoms, but via mediating the effects of early adversities and recent stressors. Given the increasing burden on circadian rhythmicity in the modern lifestyle and our expanding insight into the contribution of circadian disruption in depression especially as a possible mediator of stress, our results may pave the way for identifying those who would be at an increased risk for depressogenic effects of circadian dysregulation in association with stress as well as new molecular targets for intervention in stress-related psychopathologies in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorka Gyorik
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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103
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A wake-up call: Sleep physiology and related translational discrepancies in studies of rapid-acting antidepressants. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 206:102140. [PMID: 34403718 PMCID: PMC9583188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is frequently associated with sleep problems, and clinical improvement often coincides with the normalization of sleep architecture and realignment of circadian rhythm. The effectiveness of treatments targeting sleep in depressed patients, such as sleep deprivation, further demonstrates the confluence of sleep and mood. Moreover, recent studies showing that the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine influences processes related to sleep-wake neurobiology have led to novel hypotheses explaining rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Despite the available evidence, studies addressing ketamine’s antidepressant effects have focused on pharmacology and often overlooked the role of physiology. To explore this discrepancy in research on rapid-acting antidepressants, we examined articles published between 2009–2019. A keyword search algorithm indicated that vast majority of the articles completely ignored sleep. Out of the 100 most frequently cited preclinical and clinical research papers, 89 % and 71 %, respectively, did not mention sleep at all. Furthermore, only a handful of these articles disclosed key experimental variables, such as the times of treatment administration or behavioral testing, let alone considered the potential association between these variables and experimental observations. Notably, in preclinical studies, treatments were preferentially administered during the inactive period, which is the polar opposite of clinical practice and research. We discuss the potential impact of this practice on the results in the field. Our hope is that this perspective will serve as a wake-up call to (re)-examine rapid-acting antidepressant effects with more appreciation for the role of sleep and chronobiology.
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104
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Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response: preliminary studies. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3383-3394. [PMID: 33674753 PMCID: PMC8418615 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric illness defined by recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania, depression and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Lithium is an effective drug for BD, but 30-40% of patients fail to respond adequately to treatment. Previous work has demonstrated that lithium affects the expression of "clock genes" and that lithium responders (Li-R) can be distinguished from non-responders (Li-NR) by differences in circadian rhythms. However, circadian rhythms have not been evaluated in BD patient neurons from Li-R and Li-NR. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to culture neuronal precursor cells (NPC) and glutamatergic neurons from BD patients characterized for lithium responsiveness and matched controls. We identified strong circadian rhythms in Per2-luc expression in NPCs and neurons from controls and Li-R, but NPC rhythms in Li-R had a shorter circadian period. Li-NR rhythms were low amplitude and profoundly weakened. In NPCs and neurons, expression of PER2 was higher in both BD groups compared to controls. In neurons, PER2 protein levels were higher in BD than controls, especially in Li-NR samples. In single cells, NPC and neuron rhythms in both BD groups were desynchronized compared to controls. Lithium lengthened period in Li-R and control neurons but failed to alter rhythms in Li-NR. In contrast, temperature entrainment increased amplitude across all groups, and partly restored rhythms in Li-NR neurons. We conclude that neuronal circadian rhythm abnormalities are present in BD and most pronounced in Li-NR. Rhythm deficits in BD may be partly reversible through stimulation of entrainment pathways.
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105
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Martini T, Ripperger JA, Stalin J, Kores A, Stumpe M, Albrecht U. Deletion of the clock gene Period2 (Per2) in glial cells alters mood-related behavior in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12242. [PMID: 34112905 PMCID: PMC8192521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates many biochemical and physiological pathways, and lack of clock genes, such as Period (Per) 2, affects not only circadian activity rhythms, but can also modulate feeding and mood-related behaviors. However, it is not known how cell-type specific expression of Per2 contributes to these behaviors. In this study, we find that Per2 in glial cells is important for balancing mood-related behaviors, without affecting circadian activity parameters. Genetic and adeno-associated virus-mediated deletion of Per2 in glial cells of mice leads to reduced despair and anxiety. This is paralleled by an increase of the GABA transporter 2 (Gat2/Slc6a13) and Dopamine receptor D3 (Drd3) mRNA, and a reduction of glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Interestingly, neuronal Per2 knock-out also reduces despair, but does not influence anxiety. The change in mood-related behavior is not a result of a defective molecular clock, as glial Bmal1 deletion has no effect on neither despair nor anxiety. Exclusive deletion of Per2 in glia of the NAc reduced despair, but had no influence on anxiety. Our data provide strong evidence for an important role of glial Per2 in regulating mood-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Martini
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen A. Ripperger
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Kores
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Urs Albrecht
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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106
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Sanfilippo C, Castrogiovanni P, Imbesi R, Lazzarino G, Di Pietro V, Li Volti G, Tibullo D, Barbagallo I, Lazzarino G, Avola R, Musumeci G, Fazio F, Vinciguerra M, Di Rosa M. Sex-dependent monoamine oxidase isoforms expression patterns during human brain ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111516. [PMID: 34097937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is among the most investigated genetic determinants of violent behaviors, while the monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is explored in Parkinson's disease. We collected twenty-four post-mortem brain tissue datasets of 3871 and 1820 non-demented males and females, respectively, who died from causes not attributable to neurodegenerative diseases. The gene expressions of MAOA and MAOB (MAO genes) were analyzed in these subjects, who were further stratified according to age into eleven groups ranging from late Infancy (5-9 months) to centenarians (>100 years). MAO genes were differently expressed in brains during the entire life span. In particular, maximal and minimal expression levels were found in early life and around the teen years. Females tended to have higher MAO gene levels throughout their lives than those found in age-matched males, even when expressions were separately measured in different brain regions. We demonstrated the existence of age- and sex- related variations in the MAO transcript levels in defined brain regions. More in-depth protein studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results obtained only on messenger RNAs in order to establish the role played by MAO genes in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanfilippo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Health Science, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St' Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
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107
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Gisabella B, Babu J, Valeri J, Rexrode L, Pantazopoulos H. Sleep and Memory Consolidation Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence for the Involvement of Extracellular Matrix Molecules. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:646678. [PMID: 34054408 PMCID: PMC8160443 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.646678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and memory dysfunction are key characteristics across psychiatric disorders. Recent advances have revealed insight into the role of sleep in memory consolidation, pointing to key overlap between memory consolidation processes and structural and molecular abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Ongoing research regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in memory consolidation has the potential to identify therapeutic targets for memory dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and aging. Recent evidence from our group and others points to extracellular matrix molecules, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their endogenous proteases, as molecules that may underlie synaptic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and memory consolidation during sleep. These molecules may provide a therapeutic targets for decreasing strength of reward memories in addiction and traumatic memories in PTSD, as well as restoring deficits in memory consolidation in schizophrenia and aging. We review the evidence for sleep and memory consolidation dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and aging in the context of current evidence pointing to the involvement of extracellular matrix molecules in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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108
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Arasappan D, Eickhoff SB, Nemeroff CB, Hofmann HA, Jabbi M. Transcription Factor Motifs Associated with Anterior Insula Gene Expression Underlying Mood Disorder Phenotypes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1978-1989. [PMID: 33411239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide but the brain-related molecular pathophysiology in mood disorders remains largely undefined. Because the anterior insula is reduced in volume in patients with mood disorders, RNA was extracted from the anterior insula postmortem anterior insula of mood disorder samples and compared with unaffected controls for RNA-sequencing identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in (a) bipolar disorder (BD; n = 37) versus (vs.) controls (n = 33), and (b) major depressive disorder (MDD n = 30) vs. controls, and (c) low vs. high axis I comorbidity (a measure of cumulative psychiatric disease burden). Given the regulatory role of transcription factors (TFs) in gene expression via specific-DNA-binding domains (motifs), we used JASPAR TF binding database to identify TF-motifs. We found that DEGs in BD vs. controls, MDD vs. controls, and high vs. low axis I comorbidity were associated with TF-motifs that are known to regulate expression of toll-like receptor genes, cellular homeostatic-control genes, and genes involved in embryonic, cellular/organ, and brain development. Robust imaging-guided transcriptomics by using meta-analytic imaging results to guide independent postmortem dissection for RNA-sequencing was applied by targeting the gray matter volume reduction in the anterior insula in mood disorders, to guide independent postmortem identification of TF motifs regulating DEG. Our findings of TF-motifs that regulate the expression of immune, cellular homeostatic-control, and developmental genes provide novel information about the hierarchical relationship between gene regulatory networks, the TFs that control them, and proximate underlying neuroanatomical phenotypes in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Arasappan
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- The Mulva Clinic for Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mbemba Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- The Mulva Clinic for Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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109
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Dysregulated CRMP Mediates Circadian Deficits in a Drosophila Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:973-984. [PMID: 33856646 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability, resulting from the lack of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an mRNA binding protein mainly serving as a translational regulator. Loss of FMRP leads to dysregulation of target mRNAs. The Drosophila model of FXS show an abnormal circadian rhythm with disruption of the output pathway downstream of the clock network. Yet the FMRP targets involved in circadian regulation have not been identified. Here, we identified collapsing response mediator protein (CRMP) mRNA as a target of FMRP. Knockdown of pan-neuronal CRMP expression ameliorated the circadian defects and abnormal axonal structures of clock neurons (ventral lateral neurons) in dfmr1 mutant flies. Furthermore, specific reduction of CRMP in the downstream output insulin-producing cells attenuated the aberrant circadian behaviors. Molecular analyses revealed that FMRP binds with CRMP mRNA and negatively regulates its translation. Our results indicate that CRMP is an FMRP target and establish an essential role for CRMP in the circadian output in FXS Drosophila.
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110
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Martín-Sánchez A, Piñero J, Nonell L, Arnal M, Ribe EM, Nevado-Holgado A, Lovestone S, Sanz F, Furlong LI, Valverde O. Comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and major depression: a behavioural and transcriptomic characterization study in mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 33795014 PMCID: PMC8017643 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disease in the population and is considered a prodromal stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite both diseases having a robust genetic component, the common transcriptomic signature remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the cognitive and emotional behavioural responses in 3- and 6-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mice, before β-amyloid plaques were detected. We studied the genetic and pathway deregulation in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and amygdala of mice at both ages, using transcriptomic and functional data analysis. RESULTS We found that depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as memory impairments, are already present at 3-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mutant mice together with the deregulation of several genes, such as Ciart, Grin3b, Nr1d1 and Mc4r, and other genes including components of the circadian rhythms, electron transport chain and neurotransmission in all brain areas. Extending these results to human data performing GSEA analysis using DisGeNET database, it provides translational support for common deregulated gene sets related to MD and AD. CONCLUSIONS The present study sheds light on the shared genetic bases between MD and AD, based on a comprehensive characterization from the behavioural to transcriptomic level. These findings suggest that late MD could be an early manifestation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- MARGenomics core facility, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Arnal
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alejo Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd., Janssen-Cilag, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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111
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Dumas G, Goubran‐Botros H, Matondo M, Pagan C, Boulègue C, Chaze T, Chamot‐Rooke J, Maronde E, Bourgeron T. Mass-spectrometry analysis of the human pineal proteome during night and day and in autism. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12713. [PMID: 33368564 PMCID: PMC8047921 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human pineal gland regulates day-night dynamics of multiple physiological processes, especially through the secretion of melatonin. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and dedicated analysis tools, we identify proteins in the human pineal gland and analyze systematically their variation throughout the day and compare these changes in the pineal proteome between control specimens and donors diagnosed with autism. Results reveal diverse regulated clusters of proteins with, among others, catabolic carbohydrate process and cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle-related proteins differing between day and night and/or control versus autism pineal glands. These data show novel and unexpected processes happening in the human pineal gland during the day/night rhythm as well as specific differences between autism donor pineal glands and those from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dumas
- Human Genetics and Cognitive FunctionsInstitut PasteurUMR 3571 CNRSUniversity Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Precision Psychiatry and Social Physiology laboratoryCHU Ste‐Justine Research CenterDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MontrealQuebecQCCanada
| | - Hany Goubran‐Botros
- Human Genetics and Cognitive FunctionsInstitut PasteurUMR 3571 CNRSUniversity Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut PasteurUnité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio)Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT)USR 2000 CNRSParisFrance
| | - Cécile Pagan
- Paris Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie MoléculaireINSERM U942Hôpital LariboisièreAPHPParisFrance
| | - Cyril Boulègue
- Institut PasteurUnité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio)Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT)USR 2000 CNRSParisFrance
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Institut PasteurUnité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio)Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT)USR 2000 CNRSParisFrance
| | - Julia Chamot‐Rooke
- Institut PasteurUnité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio)Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT)USR 2000 CNRSParisFrance
| | - Erik Maronde
- Institute for Anatomy IIFaculty of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive FunctionsInstitut PasteurUMR 3571 CNRSUniversity Paris DiderotParisFrance
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112
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Carter B, Justin HS, Gulick D, Gamsby JJ. The Molecular Clock and Neurodegenerative Disease: A Stressful Time. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:644747. [PMID: 33889597 PMCID: PMC8056266 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction occurs in both common and rare neurodegenerative diseases. This dysfunction manifests as sleep cycle mistiming, alterations in body temperature rhythms, and an increase in symptomatology during the early evening hours known as Sundown Syndrome. Disruption of circadian rhythm homeostasis has also been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, individuals exposed to a shifting schedule of sleep and activity, such as health care workers, are at a higher risk. Thus, a bidirectional relationship exists between the circadian system and neurodegeneration. At the heart of this crosstalk is the molecular circadian clock, which functions to regulate circadian rhythm homeostasis. Over the past decade, this connection has become a focal point of investigation as the molecular clock offers an attractive target to combat both neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and circadian rhythm dysfunction, and a pivotal role for neuroinflammation and stress has been established. This review summarizes the contributions of molecular clock dysfunction to neurodegenerative disease etiology, as well as the mechanisms by which neurodegenerative diseases affect the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Carter
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hannah S Justin
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Danielle Gulick
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Joshua J Gamsby
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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113
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Wang XL, Wang DQ, Jiao FC, Ding KM, Ji YB, Lu L, Yuan K, Gao GF, Li SX. Diurnal rhythm disruptions induced by chronic unpredictable stress relate to depression-like behaviors in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 204:173156. [PMID: 33675839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between circadian rhythms and mood disorders has been established. Circadian dysregulations are believed to exacerbate the severity of mood disorders and vice versa. Although many studies on diurnal changes of clock genes in animal model of depression have been performed from the RNA level, only a few studies have been carried out from the protein level. In this study, we investigated the diurnal changes induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) using free-running wheel test and Western Blotting (WB). Besides, we examined the depression-like behaviors of rats by sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST). We found that CUS induced significant reductions in the quantity of free-running wheel activity and rhythmic disruptions of clock proteins in hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that the amplitude of PER1 in CA1 was positively related to the severity of depression-like behaviors. These results suggest that CUS results in both changes in diurnal rhythms and in depression-like behaviors and that it is suggested that these changes are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ling Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Quan Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fu-Chao Jiao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kai-Mo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bin Ji
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Psychiatry, Anhui Medical University, Mental Health Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Su-Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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114
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Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:79-101. [PMID: 33689801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major mood syndromes are among the most common and disabling mental disorders. However, a lack of clear delineation of their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is a major barrier to prevention and optimised treatments. Dysfunction of the 24-h circadian system is a candidate mechanism that has genetic, behavioural, and neurobiological links to mood syndromes. Here, we outline evidence for a new clinical phenotype, which we have called 'circadian depression'. We propose that key clinical characteristics of circadian depression include disrupted 24-h sleep-wake cycles, reduced motor activity, low subjective energy, and weight gain. The illness course includes early age-of-onset, phenomena suggestive of bipolarity (defined by bidirectional associations between objective motor and subjective energy/mood states), poor response to conventional antidepressant medications, and concurrent cardiometabolic and inflammatory disturbances. Identifying this phenotype could be clinically valuable, as circadian-targeted strategies show promise for reducing depressive symptoms and stabilising illness course. Further investigation of underlying circadian disturbances in mood syndromes is needed to evaluate the clinical utility of this phenotype and guide the optimal use of circadian-targeted interventions.
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115
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Giuntella O, Hyde K, Saccardo S, Sadoff S. Lifestyle and mental health disruptions during COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016632118. [PMID: 33571107 PMCID: PMC7936339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016632118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a longitudinal dataset linking biometric and survey data from several cohorts of young adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic ([Formula: see text]), we document large disruptions to physical activity, sleep, time use, and mental health. At the onset of the pandemic, average steps decline from 10,000 to 4,600 steps per day, sleep increases by 25 to 30 min per night, time spent socializing declines by over half to less than 30 min, and screen time more than doubles to over 5 h per day. Over the course of the pandemic from March to July 2020 the proportion of participants at risk for clinical depression ranges from 46% to 61%, up to a 90% increase in depression rates compared to the same population just prior to the pandemic. Our analyses suggest that disruption to physical activity is a leading risk factor for depression during the pandemic. However, restoration of those habits through a short-term intervention does not meaningfully improve mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osea Giuntella
- Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Kelly Hyde
- Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Silvia Saccardo
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sally Sadoff
- Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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116
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Brain-to-brain communication: the possible role of brain electromagnetic fields (As a Potential Hypothesis). Heliyon 2021; 7:e06363. [PMID: 33732922 PMCID: PMC7937662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Up now, the communication between brains of different humans or animals has been confirmed and confined by the sensory medium and motor facilities of body. Recently, direct brain-to-brain communication (DBBC) outside the conventional five senses has been verified between animals and humans. Nevertheless, no empirical studies or serious discussion have been performed to elucidate the mechanism behind this process. The validation of DBBC has been documented via recording similar pattern of action potentials occurring in the brain cortex of two animals. With regard to action potentials in brain neurons, the magnetic field resulting from the action potentials created in neurons is one of the tools where the brain of one animal can affect the brain of another. It has been shown that different animals, even humans, have the power to understand the magnetic field. Cryptochrome, which exists in the retina and in different regions of the brain, has been confirmed to be able to perceive magnetic fields and convert magnetic fields to action potentials. Recently, iron particles (Fe3O4) believed to be functioning as magnets have been found in various parts of the brain, and are postulated as magnetic field receptors. Newly developed supersensitive magnetic sensors made of iron magnets that can sense the brain's magnetic field have suggested the idea that these Fe3O4 particles or magnets may be capable of perceiving the brain's extremely weak magnetic field. The present study suggests that it is possible the extremely week magnetic field in one animal's brain to transmit vital and accurate information to another animal's brain.
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117
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Geng R, Huang X. Identification of major depressive disorder disease-related genes and functional pathways based on system dynamic changes of network connectivity. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:55. [PMID: 33622334 PMCID: PMC7903654 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading psychiatric disorder that involves complex abnormal biological functions and neural networks. This study aimed to compare the changes in the network connectivity of different brain tissues under different pathological conditions, analyzed the biological pathways and genes that are significantly related to disease progression, and further predicted the potential therapeutic drug targets. METHODS Expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with postmortem cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) mRNA expression profile datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 76 MDD patients and 76 healthy subjects in ACC and 63 MDD patients and 63 healthy subjects in PFC. The co-expression network construction was based on system network analysis. The function of the genes was annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD, http://www.hprd.org/ ) was used for gene interaction relationship mapping. RESULTS We filtered 586 DEGs in ACC and 616 DEGs in PFC for further analysis. By constructing the co-expression network, we found that the gene connectivity was significantly reduced under disease conditions (P = 0.04 in PFC and P = 1.227e-09 in ACC). Crosstalk analysis showed that CD19, PTDSS2 and NDST2 were significantly differentially expressed in ACC and PFC of MDD patients. Among them, CD19 and PTDSS2 have been targeted by several drugs in the Drugbank database. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the function of CD19 and PTDSS2 were enriched with the pathway of Glycerophospholipid metabolism and T cell receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Co-expression network and tissue comparing analysis can identify signaling pathways and cross talk genes related to MDD, which may provide novel insight for understanding the molecular mechanisms of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Geng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China.
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118
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Li HJ, Su X, Zhang LW, Zhang CY, Wang L, Li WQ, Yang YF, Lv LX, Li M, Xiao X. Transcriptomic analyses of humans and mice provide insights into depression. Zool Res 2021; 41:632-643. [PMID: 32987454 PMCID: PMC7671914 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have been conducted to identify risk genes and relevant biological mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD). In particular, transcriptomic analyses in brain regions engaged in cognitive and emotional processes, e.g., the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), have provided essential insights. Based on three independent DLPFC RNA-seq datasets of 79 MDD patients and 75 healthy controls, we performed differential expression analyses using two alternative approaches for cross-validation. We also conducted transcriptomic analyses in mice undergoing chronic variable stress (CVS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We identified 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through both analytical methods in MDD patients, the majority of which were also dysregulated in stressed mice. Notably, the mRNA level of the immediate early gene FOS ( Fos proto-oncogene) was significantly decreased in both MDD patients and CVS-exposed mice, and CSDS-susceptible mice exhibited a greater reduction in Fos expression compared to resilient mice. These findings suggest the potential key roles of this gene in the pathogenesis of MDD related to stress exposure. Altered transcriptomes in the DLPFC of MDD patients might be, at least partially, the result of stress exposure, supporting that stress is a primary risk factor for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Yong-Feng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Lu-Xian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.,Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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119
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Jose J, Abdul Sathar EI. Extropy for Past Life Based on Classical Records. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY FOR PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41096-021-00095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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120
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Allada
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston (R.A.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (J.B.) - both in Illinois
| | - Joseph Bass
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston (R.A.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (J.B.) - both in Illinois
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121
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Walbeek TJ, Harrison EM, Gorman MR, Glickman GL. Naturalistic Intensities of Light at Night: A Review of the Potent Effects of Very Dim Light on Circadian Responses and Considerations for Translational Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:625334. [PMID: 33597916 PMCID: PMC7882611 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the remarkable potency and potential applications of a form of light that is often overlooked in a circadian context: naturalistic levels of dim light at night (nLAN), equivalent to intensities produced by the moon and stars. It is often assumed that such low levels of light do not produce circadian responses typically associated with brighter light levels. A solid understanding of the impacts of very low light levels is complicated further by the broad use of the somewhat ambiguous term “dim light,” which has been used to describe light levels ranging seven orders of magnitude. Here, we lay out the argument that nLAN exerts potent circadian effects on numerous mammalian species, and that given conservation of anatomy and function, the efficacy of light in this range in humans warrants further investigation. We also provide recommendations for the field of chronobiological research, including minimum requirements for the measurement and reporting of light, standardization of terminology (specifically as it pertains to “dim” light), and ideas for reconsidering old data and designing new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J Walbeek
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Harrison
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Gorman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gena L Glickman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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122
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Carnevali GS, Buoli M. The role of epigenetics in perinatal depression: Are there any candidate biomarkers? J Affect Disord 2021; 280:57-67. [PMID: 33221608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 12% of all women will be affected by Perinatal Depression (PD), a condition associated with an increased risk for low birth weight, preterm birth, preeclampsia, maternal suicide and infanticide. The identification of biomarkers for PD could be useful for early identification and for the development of new treatments. Purpose of the present manuscript is to review the potential epigenetic biomarkers which were associated with PD. METHODS We performed a bibliographic research on PubMed, in order to find studies that proposed epigenetic biomarkers for PD. A total of 9 studies met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most available data are concordant in showing that women affected by PD have epigenetic alterations versus Healthy Controls (HC), especially with regard to Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis, oxytocin system, inflammatory response, neuronal differentiation and circadian rhythms. PD might be characterized by specific epigenetic changes; however, the available data are preliminary. LIMITATIONS Many articles report results obtained on a limited sample size, in different cell types or tissues. Furthermore, sometimes the studies selected a restricted number of genes. As a result, most available data have not been replicated. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic changes of different biological systems could be involved in the etiology of PD. However, until now data are too scanty to draw definitive conclusions. Future studies with larger samples can confirm the results and hypothesis presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Silvia Carnevali
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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123
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Russell AL, Miller L, Yi H, Keil R, Handa RJ, Wu TJ. Knockout of the circadian gene, Per2, disrupts corticosterone secretion and results in depressive-like behaviors and deficits in startle responses. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:5. [PMID: 33509094 PMCID: PMC7841886 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Period Circadian Regulator 2 (Per2) gene is important for the modulation of circadian rhythms that influence biological processes. Circadian control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is critical for regulation of hormones involved in the stress response. Dysregulation of the HPA axis is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand how disruption of the circadian rhythm alters the HPA axis. One way to address this question is to delete a gene involved in regulating a central circadian gene such as Per2 in an animal model and to determine how this deletion may affect the HPA axis and behaviors that are altered when the HPA axis is dysregulated. To study this, corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured through the transition from light (inactive phase) to dark (active phase). Additionally, CORT levels as well as pituitary and adrenal mRNA expression were measured following a mild restraint stress. Mice were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swim test (FST)), acoustic startle response (ASR), and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). Results The present results showed that Per2 knockout impacted CORT levels, mRNA expression, depressive-like behaviors, ASR and PPI. Unlike wild-type (WT) mice, Per2 knockout (Per2) mice showed no diurnal rise in CORT levels at the onset of the dark cycle. Per2−/− mice had enhanced CORT levels and adrenal melanocortin receptor 2 (Mc2R) mRNA expression following restraint. There were no changes in expression of any other pituitary or adrenal gene. In the FST, Per2−/− mice spent more time floating (less time struggling) than WT mice, suggesting increased depressive-like behaviors. Per2−/− mice had deficits in ASR and PPI startle responses compared to WT mice. Conclusions In summary, these findings showed that disruption of the circadian system via Per2 gene deletion dysregulated the HPA stress axis and is subsequently correlated with increased depressive-like behaviors and deficits in startle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Russell
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Hannah Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rita Keil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T John Wu
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Abstract
The human striatum can be subdivided into the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Each of these structures have some overlapping and some distinct functions related to motor control, cognitive processing, motivation, and reward. Previously, we used a "time-of-death" approach to identify diurnal rhythms in RNA transcripts in human cortical regions. Here, we identify molecular rhythms across the three striatal subregions collected from postmortem human brain tissue in subjects without psychiatric or neurological disorders. Core circadian clock genes are rhythmic across all three regions and show strong phase concordance across regions. However, the putamen contains a much larger number of significantly rhythmic transcripts than the other two regions. Moreover, there are many differences in pathways that are rhythmic across regions. Strikingly, the top rhythmic transcripts in NAc (but not the other regions) are predominantly small nucleolar RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, suggesting that a completely different mechanism might be used for the regulation of diurnal rhythms in translation and/or RNA processing in the NAc versus the other regions. Further, although the NAc and putamen are generally in phase with regard to timing of expression rhythms, the NAc and caudate, and caudate and putamen, have several clusters of discordant rhythmic transcripts, suggesting a temporal wave of specific cellular processes across the striatum. Taken together, these studies reveal distinct transcriptome rhythms across the human striatum and are an important step in helping to understand the normal function of diurnal rhythms in these regions and how disruption could lead to pathology.
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125
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Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Pírela D, Ortega Á, Salazar J, Cano C, Chacín M, Riaño M, Batista MJ, Díaz EA, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Chronobiology and Chronotherapy in Depression: Current Knowledge and Chronotherapeutic Promises. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082216999201124152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Depression is a heavily prevalent mental disorder. Symptoms of depression
extend beyond mood, cognition, and behavior to include a spectrum of somatic manifestations in all
organic systems. Changes in sleep and neuroendocrine rhythms are especially prominent, and disruptions
of circadian rhythms have been closely related to the neurobiology of depression. With the
advent of increased research in chronobiology, various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been
proposed, including anomalies of sleep architecture, the effects of clock gene polymorphisms in
monoamine metabolism, and the deleterious impact of social zeitgebers. The identification of these
chronodisruptions has propelled the emergence of several chronotherapeutic strategies, both pharmacological
and non-pharmacological, with varying degrees of clinical evidence.
Methods:
The fundamental objective of this review is to integrate current knowledge about the role
of chronobiology and depression and to summarize the interventions developed to resynchronize
biorhythms both within an individual and with geophysical time.
Results:
We have found that among the non-pharmacological alternatives, triple chronotherapywhich
encompasses bright light therapy, sleep deprivation therapy, and consecutive sleep phase
advance therapy-has garnered the most considerable scientific interest. On the other hand,
agomelatine appears to be the most promising pharmacological option, given its unique melatonergic
pharmacodynamics.
Conclusions:
Research in chronotherapy as a treatment for depression is currently booming. Novel
interventions could play a significant role in adopting new options for the treatment of depression,
with Tripe Cronotherapy standing out as the most promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pírela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Riaño
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - María Judith Batista
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Alexis Díaz
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Song B, Zhu J. A Novel Application of Ketamine for Improving Perioperative Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2251-2266. [PMID: 34992482 PMCID: PMC8715868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s341161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative sleep disturbances are commonly observed before, during, and after surgery and can be caused by several factors, such as preoperative negative moods, general anesthetics, surgery trauma, and pain. Over the past decade, the fast-acting antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine represent one of the most attractive discoveries in the field of psychiatry, such as antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. It is also widely used as a short-acting anesthetic and analgesic. Recent research has revealed new possible applications for ketamine, such as for perioperative sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders. Here, we summarize the risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbances, outcomes of perioperative sleep disturbances, and mechanism of action of ketamine in improving perioperative sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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127
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Iodice S, Di Paolo M, Barkin JL, Tarantini L, Grassi S, Redaelli M, Serati M, Favalli V, Cirella L, Bollati V, Buoli M. The Methylation of Clock Genes in Perinatal Depression: Which Role for Oxytocin? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:734825. [PMID: 34650456 PMCID: PMC8505798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perinatal Depression (PD) is a widespread disabling condition that is hypothesized to be associated with abnormalities in circadian rhythms and neuropeptide release including oxytocin (OXT). Methods: Fourty-four pregnant women (28 with PD, and 16 controls) were evaluated through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y), and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). A blood sample was collected from all participants, and OXT plasma levels, DNA methylation of clock genes, as well as of FOXp3 and HERV-W were measured. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of oxytocin on the methylation of selected genes. Continuous ordinal regression models was further applied to see if the score of rating scales was associated to gene methylation, adjusting for oxytocin-methylation interaction. Results: OXT plasma levels were positively associated with CRY1 methylation. Women with higher OXT plasma levels showed an association between higher degree of CRY2 methylation (thus, reduced expression) and lower EPDS (OR = 0.21; P = 0.043) and STAI-S scores (OR = 6.96; P = 0.019). Finally, with high OXT levels, hypermethylation of CRY1 was associated to higher scores on the PAI (OR = 2.74; P = 0.029) while higher methylation of HERV-W related to lower PAI scores (OR = 0.273; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible protective role played by oxytocin in the development of PD by promoting a favorable methylation profile characterized by reduced expression of CRY1 and CRY2. Moreover, oxytocin strengthens the association between maternal prenatal attachment with a favorable pattern of methylation of clock genes and HERV-W, which is essential for pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Iodice
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Di Paolo
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jennifer Lynn Barkin
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Redaelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Serati
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Italy
| | - Virginia Favalli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Cirella
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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128
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Lim ASP. Diurnal and seasonal molecular rhythms in the human brain and their relation to Alzheimer disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:271-284. [PMID: 34225968 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal and seasonal rhythms influence many aspects of human physiology including brain function. Moreover, altered diurnal and seasonal behavioral and physiological rhythms have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Understanding the molecular basis for these links may lead to identification of novel targets to mitigate the negative impact of normal and abnormal diurnal and seasonal rhythms on ADRD or to alleviate the adverse consequences of ADRD on normal diurnal and seasonal rhythms. Diurnally and seasonally rhythmic gene expression and epigenetic modification in the human neocortex may be a key mechanism underlying these links. This chapter will first review the observed epidemiological links between normal and abnormal diurnal and seasonal rhythmicity, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. Then it will review normal diurnal and seasonal rhythms of brain epigenetic modification and gene expression in model organisms. Finally, it will review evidence for diurnal and seasonal rhythms of epigenetic modification and gene expression the human brain in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S P Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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129
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Yan T, Qiu Y, Yu X, Yang L. Glymphatic Dysfunction: A Bridge Between Sleep Disturbance and Mood Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:658340. [PMID: 34025481 PMCID: PMC8138157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates a close relationship between sleep disturbance and mood disorders, including major depression disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). According to the classical two-process model of sleep regulation, circadian rhythms driven by the light-dark cycle, and sleep homeostasis modulated by the sleep-wake cycle are disrupted in mood disorders. However, the exact mechanism of interaction between sleep and mood disorders remains unclear. Recent discovery of the glymphatic system and its dynamic fluctuation with sleep provide a plausible explanation. The diurnal variation of the glymphatic circulation is dependent on the astrocytic activity and polarization of water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Both animal and human studies have reported suppressed glymphatic transport, abnormal astrocytes, and depolarized AQP4 in mood disorders. In this study, the "glymphatic dysfunction" hypothesis which suggests that the dysfunctional glymphatic pathway serves as a bridge between sleep disturbance and mood disorders is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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130
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Swaab DF, Bao AM. Matching of the postmortem hypothalamus from patients and controls. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:141-156. [PMID: 34225959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The quality of postmortem hypothalamus research depends strongly on a thorough clinical investigation and documentation of the patient's disorder and therapies. In addition, a systematic and professional neuropathological investigation of the entire brain of both the cases and the controls is absolutely crucial. In the experience of the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB), about 20% of the clinical neurological diagnoses, despite being made in first rate clinics, have to be revised or require extra diagnoses after a complete and thorough neuropathologic review by the NBB. The neuropathology examination may reveal for instance that the elderly "controls" already have preclinical neurodegenerative alterations. In postmortem studies, the patient and control groups must be matched for as many as possible of the known confounding factors. This is necessary to make the groups as similar as possible, except for the topic being investigated. Confounding factors are present (i) before, (ii) during, and (iii) after death. They are, respectively: (i) genetic background, systemic diseases, duration and gravity of illness, medicines and addictive compounds used, age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, clock- and seasonal time of death, and lateralization; (ii) agonal state, stress of dying; and (iii) postmortem delay, freezing procedures, fixation, and storage time. Agonal state is generally estimated by measuring the pH of the brain. However, there are disorders in which pH is lower as a part of the disease process. Because of the large number of potentially confounding factors that differ according to, for instance, brain area and disease, a brain bank should have a large number of controls at its disposal for appropriate matching. If matching fails for some confounders, the influence of the confounders may be determined by statistical methods, such as analysis of variance or the regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick F Swaab
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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131
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Walker WH, Walton JC, Nelson RJ. Disrupted circadian rhythms and mental health. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:259-270. [PMID: 34225967 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the evolution of life, the temporal rhythm of our rotating planet was internalized in the form of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are ~24h internal manifestations that drive daily patterns of physiology and behavior. These rhythms are entrained (synchronized) to the external environment, primarily by the light-dark cycle, and precisely controlled via molecular clocks located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Misalignment and/or disruption of circadian rhythms can have detrimental consequences for human health. Indeed, studies suggest strong associations between mental health and circadian rhythms. However, direct interactions between mood regulation and the circadian system are just beginning to be uncovered and appreciated. This chapter examines the relationship between disruption of circadian rhythms and mental health. The primary focus will be outlining the association between circadian disruption, in the form of night shift work, exposure to light at night, jet lag, and social jet lag, and psychiatric illness (i.e., anxiety, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Additionally, we review animal models of disrupted circadian rhythms, which provide further evidence in support of a strong association between circadian disruption and affective responses. Finally, we discuss future directions for the field and suggest areas of study that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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132
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Siemann JK, Grueter BA, McMahon DG. Rhythms, Reward, and Blues: Consequences of Circadian Photoperiod on Affective and Reward Circuit Function. Neuroscience 2020; 457:220-234. [PMID: 33385488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions, along with altered affective and reward states, are commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. In addition to genetics, the enduring influence of environmental factors in programming neural networks is of increased interest in assessing the underpinnings of mental health. The duration of daylight or photoperiod is known to impact both the serotonin and dopamine systems, which are implicated in mood and reward-based disorders. This review first examines the effects of circadian disruption and photoperiod in the serotonin system in both human and preclinical studies. We next highlight how brain regions crucial for the serotoninergic system (i.e., dorsal raphe nucleus; DRN), and dopaminergic (i.e., nucleus accumbens; NAc and ventral tegmental area; VTA) system are intertwined in overlapping circuitry, and play influential roles in the pathology of mood and reward-based disorders. We then focus on human and animal studies that demonstrate the impact of circadian factors on the dopaminergic system. Lastly, we discuss how environmental factors such as circadian photoperiod can impact the neural circuits that are responsible for regulating affective and reward states, offering novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, systems, and therapeutic treatments necessary for mood and reward-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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133
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Al-Ajlouni YA, Park SH, Alawa J, Shamaileh G, Bawab A, El-Sadr WM, Duncan DT. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with poor sleep health during a period of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in Jordan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041995. [PMID: 33371040 PMCID: PMC7757395 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jordan, a Middle Eastern country, declared a state of national emergency due to COVID-19 and a strict nationwide lockdown on 17 March 2020, banning all travel and movement around the country, potentially impacting mental health. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms) and sleep health among a sample of Jordanians living through a state of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown. METHODS Using Facebook, participants (n=1240) in Jordan in March 2020 were recruited and direct to a web-based survey measuring anxiety (items from General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale instrument), depressive symptoms (items from Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), sleep health (items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and sociodemographic. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were estimated to examine how anxiety and depressive symptoms may affect different dimensions of sleep health: (1) poor sleep quality, (2) short sleep duration, (3) encountering sleep problems. RESULTS The majority of participants reported having experienced mild (33.8%), moderate (12.9%) or severe (6.3%) levels of anxiety during lockdown, and nearly half of respondents reported depressive symptoms during lockdown. Similarly, over 60% of participants reported having experienced at least one sleep problem in the last week, and nearly half reported having had short sleep duration. Importantly, anxiety was associated with poor sleep health outcomes. For example, corresponding to the dose-response relationship between anxiety and sleep health outcomes, those reporting severe anxiety were the most likely to experience poor sleep quality (aPR =8.95; 95% CI=6.12 to 13.08), short sleep duration (aPR =2.23; 95% CI=1.91 to 2.61) and at least one problem sleep problem (aPR=1.73; 95% CI=1.54 to 1.95). Moreover, depressive symptoms were also associated with poor sleep health outcomes. As compared with scoring in the first quartile, scoring fourth quartile was associated with poor sleep quality (aPR=11.82; 95% CI=6.64 to 21.04), short sleep duration (aPR=1.87; 95% CI=1.58 to 2.22), and experiencing at least one sleep problem (aPR=1.90; 95% CI=1.66 to 2.18). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms can negatively influence sleep health among a sample of Jordanian adults living in a state of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan A Al-Ajlouni
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jude Alawa
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ghaith Shamaileh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aziz Bawab
- Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wafaa M El-Sadr
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
- ICAP at Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
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134
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Khyati, Malik I, Agrawal N, Kumar V. Melatonin and curcumin reestablish disturbed circadian gene expressions and restore locomotion ability and eclosion behavior in Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:61-78. [PMID: 33334207 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1842752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficit in locomotion (motor) ability and disturbance of the circadian behavior and sleep-wake pattern characterize Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we examined the disturbance of circadian timing with the progression of HD pathogenesis, and tested the efficacy of melatonin and curcumin in preventing the motor deficit and disturbed eclosion behavior in the Drosophila model of HD. To examine circadian timing, we assayed mRNA expression of genes of the transcriptional feedback (TF) loop that generates the near 24-h rhythmicity. We performed qPCR of the Period, Timeless, Clock, Cycle, Clockwork, and Cryptochrome genes in transgenic fly heads from elav-Gal4 (pan neuronal) and PDF-Gal4 (PDF-specific neurons) driver lines through the progression of HD disease post-eclosion, from day 1 to its terminal stage on day 13. Cycle was arrhythmic from day 1, but Period and Timeless became arrhythmic on day 13 of the HD pathogenesis in elav, but not PDF, neurons. Twenty-four-hour mRNA rhythms showed alteration in the waveform properties (mesor and amplitude, not acrophase), but not in the persistence, in both elav-Gal4 and PDF-Gal4 HD flies; however, disturbance of the clock gene rhythm was delayed in PDF-Gal4 flies. To assess the preventive effects on HD pathogenesis, flies of both driver lines were provided with melatonin (50, 100, or 150 μg) or curcumin (10 μM) in the diet commencing from the larval stage. Both melatonin (100 μg) and curcumin reestablished the 24-h pattern in mRNA expression of Period and Timeless to normal (control) levels, and significantly improved both locomotion ability and eclosion behavior of HD flies. We suggest that the disturbance of circadian timekeeping progressively accelerated HD pathogenesis, possibly via modulation of the transcriptional state that resulted in the modification of the Huntington gene. These findings suggest melatonin and curcumin might be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of HD in humans, although this needs specific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Indu Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
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135
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McTiernan CF, Lemster BH, Bedi KC, Margulies KB, Moravec CS, Hsieh PN, Shusterman V, Saba S. Circadian Pattern of Ion Channel Gene Expression in Failing Human Hearts. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 14:e009254. [PMID: 33301345 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.009254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death show a circadian pattern of occurrence in patients with heart failure. In the rodent ventricle, a significant portion of genes, including some ion channels, shows a circadian pattern of expression. However, genes that define electrophysiological properties in failing human heart ventricles have not been examined for a circadian expression pattern. METHODS Ventricular tissue samples were collected from patients at the time of cardiac transplantation. Two sets of samples (n=37 and 46, one set with a greater arrhythmic history) were selected to generate pseudo-time series according to their collection time. A third set (n=27) of samples was acquired from the nonfailing ventricles of brain-dead donors. The expression of 5 known circadian clock genes and 19 additional ion channel genes plausibly important to electrophysiological properties were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and then analyzed for the percentage of expression variation attributed to a 24-hour circadian pattern. RESULTS The 5 known circadian clock gene transcripts showed a strong circadian expression pattern. Compared with rodent hearts, the human circadian clock gene transcripts showed a similar temporal order of acrophases but with a ≈7.6 hours phase shift. Five of the ion channel genes also showed strong circadian expression. Comparable studies of circadian clock gene expression in samples recovered from nonheart failure brain-dead donors showed acrophase shifts, or weak or complete loss of circadian rhythmicity, suggesting alterations in circadian gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Ventricular tissue from failing human hearts display a circadian pattern of circadian clock gene expression but phase-shifted relative to rodent hearts. At least 5 ion channels show a circadian expression pattern in the ventricles of failing human hearts, which may underlie a circadian pattern of ventricular tachyarrhythmia/sudden cardiac death. Nonfailing hearts from brain-dead donors show marked differences in circadian clock gene expression patterns, suggesting fundamental deviations from circadian expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F McTiernan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (C.F.M., B.H.L., S.S.)
| | - Bonnie H Lemster
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (C.F.M., B.H.L., S.S.)
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.C.B)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M.)
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (C.S.M.)
| | | | | | - Samir Saba
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (C.F.M., B.H.L., S.S.)
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136
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von Schantz M, Leocadio-Miguel MA, McCarthy MJ, Papiol S, Landgraf D. Genomic perspectives on the circadian clock hypothesis of psychiatric disorders. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 107:153-191. [PMID: 33641746 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently described in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests a biological connection between mental health and circadian rhythmicity, including the circadian influence on brain function and mood and the requirement for circadian entrainment by external factors, which is often impaired in mental illness. Mental (as well as physical) health is also adversely affected by circadian misalignment. The marked interindividual differences in this combined susceptibility, in addition to the phenotypic spectrum in traits related both to circadian rhythms and mental health, suggested the possibility of a shared genetic background and that circadian clock genes may also be candidate genes for psychiatric disorders. This hypothesis was further strengthened by observations in animal models where clock genes had been knocked out or mutated. The introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enabled hypothesis-free testing. GWAS analysis of chronotype confirmed the prominent role of circadian genes in these phenotypes and their extensive polygenicity. However, in GWAS on psychiatric traits, only one clock gene, ARNTL (BMAL1) was identified as one of the few loci differentiating bipolar disorder from schizophrenia, and macaque monkeys where the ARNTL gene has been knocked out display symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Another lesson from genomic analyses is that chronotype has an important genetic correlation with several psychiatric disorders and that this effect is unidirectional. We conclude that the effect of circadian disturbances on psychiatric disorders probably relates to modulation of rhythm parameters and extend beyond the core clock genes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mario A Leocadio-Miguel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Munich, Germany; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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137
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The circadian machinery links metabolic disorders and depression: A review of pathways, proteins and potential pharmacological interventions. Life Sci 2020; 265:118809. [PMID: 33249097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are responsible for regulating a number of physiological processes. The central oscillator is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and the SCN synchronises the circadian clocks that are found in our peripheral organs through neural and humoral signalling. At the molecular level, biological clocks consist of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) and these pathways are influenced by transcription factors, post-translational modifications, signalling pathways and epigenetic modifiers. When disruptions occur in the circadian machinery, the activities of the proteins implicated in this network and the expression of core clock or clock-controlled genes (CCGs) can be altered. Circadian misalignment can also arise when there is desychronisation between our internal clocks and environmental stimuli. There is evidence in the literature demonstrating that disturbances in the circadian rhythm contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases and disorders. This includes the metabolic syndrome and recently, it has been suggested that the 'circadian syndrome' may be a more appropriate term to use to not only describe the cardio-metabolic risk factors but also the associated comorbidities. Here we overview the molecular architecture of circadian clocks in mammals and provide insight into the effects of shift work, exposure to artificial light, food intake and stress on the circadian rhythm. The relationship between circadian rhythms, metabolic disorders and depression is reviewed and this is a topic that requires further investigation. We also describe how particular proteins involved in the TTFLs can be potentially modulated by small molecules, including pharmacological interventions and dietary compounds.
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138
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Time is of the essence: Coupling sleep-wake and circadian neurobiology to the antidepressant effects of ketamine. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107741. [PMID: 33189715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ketamine in rapidly alleviating depression and suicidal ideation. Intense research efforts have been undertaken to expose the precise mechanism underlying the antidepressant action of ketamine; however, the translation of findings into new clinical treatments has been slow. This translational gap is partially explained by a lack of understanding of the function of time and circadian timing in the complex neurobiology around ketamine. Indeed, the acute pharmacological effects of a single ketamine treatment last for only a few hours, whereas the antidepressant effects peak at around 24 hours and are sustained for the following few days. Numerous studies have investigated the acute and long-lasting neurobiological changes induced by ketamine; however, the most dramatic and fundamental change that the brain undergoes each day is rarely taken into consideration. Here, we explore the link between sleep and circadian regulation and rapid-acting antidepressant effects and summarize how diverse phenomena associated with ketamine's antidepressant actions - such as cortical excitation, synaptogenesis, and involved molecular determinants - are intimately connected with the neurobiology of wake, sleep, and circadian rhythms. We review several recently proposed hypotheses about rapid antidepressant actions, which focus on sleep or circadian regulation, and discuss their implications for ongoing research. Considering these aspects may be the last piece of the puzzle necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of rapid-acting antidepressants on the brain.
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139
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Guo D, Zhang S, Tang Z, Wang H. Construction of gene-classifier and co-expression network analysis of genes in association with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113387. [PMID: 32823199 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Because the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear and the accurate diagnosis remains unavailable, we aimed to analyze its molecular mechanisms and develop a gene classifier to improve diagnostic accuracy. We extracted differentially expressed genes from two datasets, GSE45642 (from brain tissue samples) and GSE98793 (from blood samples), and found three key modules to have a significant correlation with MDD traits by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Hub genes were identified from the key modules according to the connectivity degree in the network and subjected to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. A total of eighty-five hub genes were selected to construct the gene classifier, which had considerable ability to recognize MDD patients in the training set and test set. In addition, the relationship between the key MDD modules and brain tissues indicated that the anterior cingulate should be a notable region in the study of MDD pathogenesis. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses reiterate the relationship between depression and immunity. Therefore we identified MDD hub genes in the InnateDB database, and found 14 genes involved in both MDD and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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140
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Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18614. [PMID: 33122670 PMCID: PMC7596056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Night shift work can associate with an increased risk for depression. As night workers experience a 'misalignment' between their circadian system and daily sleep-wake behaviors, with negative health consequences, we investigated whether exposure to circadian misalignment underpins mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. We performed randomized within-subject crossover laboratory studies in non-shift workers and shift workers. Simulated night shifts were used to induce a misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and sleep/wake cycles (circadian misalignment), while environmental conditions and food intake were controlled. Circadian misalignment adversely impacted emotional state, such that mood and well-being levels were significantly decreased throughout 4 days of continuous exposure to circadian misalignment in non-shift workers, as compared to when they were under circadian alignment (interaction of "circadian alignment condition" vs. "day", mood: p < 0.001; well-being: p < 0.001; adjusted p-values). Similarly, in shift workers, mood and well-being levels were significantly reduced throughout days of misalignment, as compared to circadian alignment (interaction of "circadian alignment condition" vs. "day", mood: p = 0.002; well-being: p = 0.002; adjusted p-values). Our findings indicate that circadian misalignment is an important biological component for mood vulnerability, and that individuals who engage in shift work are susceptible to its deleterious mood effects.
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141
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Bernard C. Circadian/multidien Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy (MORE). Epilepsia 2020; 62 Suppl 1:S49-S68. [PMID: 33063860 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of seizures at specific times of the day has been consistently observed for centuries in individuals with epilepsy. Electrophysiological recordings provide evidence that seizures have a higher probability of occurring at a given time during the night and day cycle in individuals with epilepsy here referred to as the seizure rush hour. Which mechanisms underlie such circadian rhythmicity of seizures? Why don't they occur every day at the same time? Which mechanisms may underlie their occurrence outside the rush hour? In this commentary, I present a hypothesis: MORE - Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy, a conceptual framework to study and understand the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythmicity of seizures and their probabilistic nature. The core of the hypothesis is the existence of ~24-hour oscillations of gene and protein expression throughout the body in different cells and organs. The orchestrated molecular oscillations control the rhythmicity of numerous body events, such as feeding and sleep. The concept developed here is that molecular oscillations may favor seizure genesis at preferred times, generating the condition for a seizure rush hour. However, the condition is not sufficient, as other factors are necessary for a seizure to occur. Studying these molecular oscillations may help us understand seizure genesis mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. The MORE hypothesis can be generalized to comorbidities and the slower multidien (week/month period) rhythmicity of seizures, a phenomenon addressed in another article in this issue of Epilepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bernard
- Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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142
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Neuroinflammaging underlies emotional disturbances and circadian rhythm disruption in young male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111109. [PMID: 33069781 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes psychological dysfunction and neurodegeneration, and can lead to cognitive impairments. Although numerous studies have reported that neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive impairments are involved in neuroinflammation, relationship between psychological disturbance and neuroinflammation with aging (neuroinflammaging) remains unclear. Here, to clarify the relationship, we examined whether neuroinflammaging affects emotional behaviors in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Microglial inflammatory responses to a subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were significantly enhanced in male SAMP8 mice relative to normal aging senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice at 17 weeks, but not 8 weeks of age. LPS injection also significantly increased brain and systemic inflammation in SAMP8 mice at 17 weeks. In a battery of behavioral tests, SAMP8 mice at 17 weeks, but not 8 weeks, exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and circadian rhythm disruption. Taken together, SAMP8 mice at 17 weeks possess a brain microenvironment in which it is easier to trigger neuroinflammatory priming; this may lead to an emergence of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and circadian rhythm disruption. These findings provide new insights into the temporal relationship between neuroinflammaging and emotion.
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143
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Sanfilippo C, Musumeci G, Kazakova M, Mazzone V, Castrogiovanni P, Imbesi R, Di Rosa M. GNG13 Is a Potential Marker of the State of Health of Alzheimer's Disease Patients' Cerebellum. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1046-1060. [PMID: 33057964 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain regions such as the cerebellum (CB) have been neglected for a long time in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In reference to a new emerging hypothesis according to which there is an altered cerebellar synaptic processing in AD, we verified the possible role played by new biomarkers in the CB of AD patients compared with not-demented healthy control subjects (NDHS). Using a bioinformatics approach, we have collected several microarray datasets and obtained 626 cerebella sample biopsies belonging to subjects who did not die from causes related to neurological diseases and 199 cerebella belonging to AD. The analysis of logical relations between the transcriptome dataset highlighted guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) gamma 13 (GNG13) as a potential new biomarker for Purkinje cells (PCs). We have correlated GNG13 expression levels with already widely existing bibliography of PC marker genes, such as Purkinje cell protein 2 (PCP2), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4), and cerebellin 3 (CBLN3). We showed that expression levels of GNG13 and PCP2, PCP4, and CBLN3 were significantly correlated with each other in NDHS and in AD and significantly reduced in AD patients compared with NDHS subjects. In addition, we highlighted a negative correlation between the expression levels of PC biomarkers and age. From the outcome of our investigation, it is possible to conclude that the identification of GNG13 as a potentially biomarker in PCs represents also a state of health of CB, in association with the expression of PCP2, PCP4, and CBLN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanfilippo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Venera Mazzone
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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144
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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145
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Yu H, Villanueva N, Bittar T, Arsenault E, Labonté B, Huan T. Parallel metabolomics and lipidomics enables the comprehensive study of mouse brain regional metabolite and lipid patterns. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1136:168-177. [PMID: 33081941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global profiling of the metabolome and lipidome of specific brain regions is essential to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating brain activity. Given the limited amount of starting material, conventional mouse studies comparing brain regions have mainly targeted a set of known metabolites in large brain regions (e.g., cerebrum, cortex). In this work, we developed a multimodal analytical pipeline enabling parallel analyses of metabolomic and lipidomic profiles from anatomically distinct mouse brain regions starting with less than 0.2 mg of protein content. This analytical pipeline is composed of (1) sonication-based tissue homogenization, (2) parallel metabolite and lipid extraction, (3) BCA-based sample normalization, (4) ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based multimodal metabolome and lipidome profiling, (5) streamlined data processing, and (6) chord plot-based data visualization. We applied this pipeline to the study of four brain regions in males including the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. With this novel approach, we detected over 5000 metabolic and 6000 lipid features, among which 134 metabolites and 479 lipids were directly confirmed via automated MS2 spectral matching. Interestingly, our analysis identified unique metabolic and lipid profiles in each brain regions. Furthermore, we identified functional relationships amongst metabolic and lipid subclasses, potentially underlying cellular and functional differences across all four brain regions. Overall, our novel workflow generates comprehensive region-specific metabolomic and lipidomic profiles using very low amount of brain sub-regional tissue sample, which could be readily integrated with region-specific genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to reveal novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of distinct brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Bittar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Arsenault
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Labonté
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada.
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146
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Musaelyan K, Yildizoglu S, Bozeman J, Du Preez A, Egeland M, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM, Fernandes C, Thuret S. Chronic stress induces significant gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex alongside alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa153. [PMID: 33543135 PMCID: PMC7850288 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in stress-related disorders such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorders, as well as in the mechanism of antidepressant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these associations remain to be fully explored. In this study, unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice resulted in a deficit in neuronal dendritic tree development and neuroblast migration in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. To investigate molecular pathways underlying neurogenesis alteration, genome-wide gene expression changes were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and the hypothalamus alongside neurogenesis changes. Cluster analysis showed that the transcriptomic signature of chronic stress is much more prominent in the prefrontal cortex compared to the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. Pathway analyses suggested huntingtin, leptin, myelin regulatory factor, methyl-CpG binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as the top predicted upstream regulators of transcriptomic changes in the prefrontal cortex. Involvement of the satiety regulating pathways (leptin) was corroborated by behavioural data showing increased food reward motivation in stressed mice. Behavioural and gene expression data also suggested circadian rhythm disruption and activation of circadian clock genes such as Period 2. Interestingly, most of these pathways have been previously shown to be involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. It is possible that activation of these pathways in the prefrontal cortex by chronic stress indirectly affects neuronal differentiation and migration in the hippocampal neurogenic niche via reciprocal connections between the two brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Selin Yildizoglu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - James Bozeman
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Andrea Du Preez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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147
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Sanfilippo C, Castrogiovanni P, Imbesi R, Nunnari G, Di Rosa M. Postsynaptic damage and microglial activation in AD patients could be linked CXCR4/CXCL12 expression levels. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147127. [PMID: 32949560 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia with still unknown pathogenesis. Several cytokines and chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Among the chemokines, the CXCR4/CXCL12 complex has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenetic development of AD. We investigated the expression levels of CXCR4 / CXCL12 in fifteen brain regions of healthy non-demented subjects (NDHC) (2139 sample) and AD patients (1170 sample) stratified according to sex and age. Furthermore, we correlated their expressions with the Neurogranin (NRGN) and CHI3L1 levels, two inflamm-aging markers. We highlighted that CXCR4 gene expression levels were age-correlated in the brain of NDHC subjects and that AD nullified this correlation. A similar trend, but diametrically opposite was observed for CXCL12. Its expression was decreased during the aging in both sexes, and in the brains of AD patients, it underwent an inversion of the trend, only and exclusively in females. Brains of AD patients expressed high CXCR4 and CHI3L1, and low CXCL12 and Neurogranin levels compared to NDHC subjects. Both CXCR4 and CXCL12 correlated significantly with CHI3L1 and Neurogranin expression levels, regardless of disease. Furthermore, we showed a selective modulation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 only in specific brain regions. Taken together our results demonstrate that CXCL12 and CXCR4 are linked to Neurogranin and CHI3L1 expression levels and the relationship between postsynaptic damage and microglial activation in AD could be shown using all these genes. Further confirmations are needed to demonstrate the close link between these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanfilippo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
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148
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Tseng VWS, Sano A, Ben-Zeev D, Brian R, Campbell AT, Hauser M, Kane JM, Scherer EA, Wang R, Wang W, Wen H, Choudhury T. Using behavioral rhythms and multi-task learning to predict fine-grained symptoms of schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15100. [PMID: 32934246 PMCID: PMC7492221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and complex psychiatric disorder with heterogeneous and dynamic multi-dimensional symptoms. Behavioral rhythms, such as sleep rhythm, are usually disrupted in people with schizophrenia. As such, behavioral rhythm sensing with smartphones and machine learning can help better understand and predict their symptoms. Our goal is to predict fine-grained symptom changes with interpretable models. We computed rhythm-based features from 61 participants with 6,132 days of data and used multi-task learning to predict their ecological momentary assessment scores for 10 different symptom items. By taking into account both the similarities and differences between different participants and symptoms, our multi-task learning models perform statistically significantly better than the models trained with single-task learning for predicting patients' individual symptom trajectories, such as feeling depressed, social, and calm and hearing voices. We also found different subtypes for each of the symptoms by applying unsupervised clustering to the feature weights in the models. Taken together, compared to the features used in the previous studies, our rhythm features not only improved models' prediction accuracy but also provided better interpretability for how patients' behavioral rhythms and the rhythms of their environments influence their symptom conditions. This will enable both the patients and clinicians to monitor how these factors affect a patient's condition and how to mitigate the influence of these factors. As such, we envision that our solution allows early detection and early intervention before a patient's condition starts deteriorating without requiring extra effort from patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akane Sano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, 77005, USA
| | - Dror Ben-Zeev
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Brian
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | | | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, 11549, USA
| | - Emily A Scherer
- Biomedical Data Science Department, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, 03755, USA
| | | | - Weichen Wang
- Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, USA
| | - Hongyi Wen
- Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14850, USA
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149
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Wu G, Ruben MD, Lee Y, Li J, Hughes ME, Hogenesch JB. Genome-wide studies of time of day in the brain: Design and analysis. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2020.9050005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling at different times of day is powerful for studying circadian regulation in model organisms and humans. To date, 24 h profiles from many tissue types suggest that about half of all genes are circadian-expressed somewhere in the body. However, few of these studies focused on the brain. Thus, despite known links between circadian disruption and neurological disease, we have virtually no mechanistic understanding. In the coming decade, we expect more genome-wide studies of time of day in different brain diseases, regions, and cell types. We expect just as many different approaches to the design and analysis of these studies. This review considers key principles of circadian tran scriptomics, with the goal of maximizing utility and reproducibility of future studies in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
| | - Marc D. Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
| | - Yinyeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
| | - Jiajia Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63310, U.S.A
| | - Michael E. Hughes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63310, U.S.A
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
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150
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Circadian Rhythms of Perineuronal Net Composition. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0034-19.2020. [PMID: 32719104 PMCID: PMC7405073 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0034-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons and regulate synaptic functions. Long thought to be stable structures, PNNs have been recently shown to respond dynamically during learning, potentially regulating the formation of new synapses. We postulated that PNNs vary during sleep, a period of active synaptic modification. Notably, PNN components are cleaved by matrix proteases such as the protease cathepsin-S. This protease is diurnally expressed in the mouse cortex, coinciding with dendritic spine density rhythms. Thus, cathepsin-S may contribute to PNN remodeling during sleep, mediating synaptic reorganization. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that PNN numbers vary in a diurnal manner in the rodent and human brain, as well as in a circadian manner in the rodent brain, and that these rhythms are disrupted by sleep deprivation. In mice, we observed diurnal and circadian rhythms of PNNs labeled with the lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA+ PNNs) in several brain regions involved in emotional memory processing. Sleep deprivation prevented the daytime decrease of WFA+ PNNs and enhances fear memory extinction. Diurnal rhythms of cathepsin-S expression in microglia were observed in the same brain regions, opposite to PNN rhythms. Finally, incubation of mouse sections with cathepsin-S eliminated PNN labeling. In humans, WFA+ PNNs showed a diurnal rhythm in the amygdala and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Our results demonstrate that PNNs vary in a circadian manner and this is disrupted by sleep deprivation. We suggest that rhythmic modification of PNNs may contribute to memory consolidation during sleep.
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