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Converging models of schizophrenia--Network alterations of prefrontal cortex underlying cognitive impairments. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:178-201. [PMID: 26408506 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its connections with other brain areas are crucial for cognitive function. Cognitive impairments are one of the core symptoms associated with schizophrenia, and manifest even before the onset of the disorder. Altered neural networks involving PFC contribute to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Both genetic and environmental risk factors affect the development of the local circuitry within PFC as well as development of broader brain networks, and make the system vulnerable to further insults during adolescence, leading to the onset of the disorder in young adulthood. Since spared cognitive functions correlate with functional outcome and prognosis, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments will have important implications for novel therapeutics for schizophrenia focusing on cognitive functions. Multidisciplinary approaches, from basic neuroscience to clinical studies, are required to link molecules, circuitry, networks, and behavioral phenotypes. Close interactions among such fields by sharing a common language on connectomes, behavioral readouts, and other concepts are crucial for this goal.
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102
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Nagy LR, Featherstone RE, Hahn CG, Siegel SJ. Delayed emergence of behavioral and electrophysiological effects following juvenile ketamine exposure in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e635. [PMID: 26371763 PMCID: PMC5068812 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent ketamine abuse in adulthood correlates with increased risk of psychosis, as well as cognitive deficits, including disruption of higher-order executive function and memory formation. Although the primary abusers of ketamine are adolescents and young adults, few studies have evaluated its effects on juvenile cognition. Therefore, the current study analyzes the effect of adolescent ketamine exposure on cognitive development. Juvenile mice (4 weeks of age) were exposed to chronic ketamine (20 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily) for 14 days. Mice were tested immediately after exposure in the juvenile period (7 weeks of age) and again as adults (12 weeks of age). Measures included electroencephalography (EEG) in response to auditory stimulation, the social choice test, and a 6-arm radial water maze task. Outcome measures include low-frequency EEG responses, event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes, indices of social behavior and indices of spatial working memory. Juvenile exposure to ketamine was associated with electrophysiological abnormalities in adulthood, particularly in induced theta power and the P80 ERP. The social choice test revealed that ketamine-exposed mice failed to exhibit the same age-related decrease in social interaction time as controls. Ketamine-exposed mice outperformed control mice as juveniles on the radial water maze task, but did not show the same age-related improvement as adult controls. These data support the hypothesis that juvenile exposure to ketamine produces long-lasting changes in brain function that are characterized by a failure to progress along normal developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R E Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C G Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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103
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Lithari C, Moratti S, Weisz N. Thalamocortical interactions underlying visual fear conditioning in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4592-603. [PMID: 26287369 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a strong focus on the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, recent works point to a more distributed network supporting fear conditioning. We aimed to elucidate interactions between subcortical and cortical regions in fear conditioning in humans. To do this, we used two fearful faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and an electrical stimulation at the left hand, paired with one of the CS, as unconditioned stimulus (US). The luminance of the CS was rhythmically modulated leading to "entrainment" of brain oscillations at a predefined modulation frequency. Steady-state responses (SSR) were recorded by MEG. In addition to occipital regions, spectral analysis of SSR revealed increased power during fear conditioning particularly for thalamus and cerebellum contralateral to the upcoming US. Using thalamus and amygdala as seed-regions, directed functional connectivity was calculated to capture the modulation of interactions that underlie fear conditioning. Importantly, this analysis showed that the thalamus drives the fusiform area during fear conditioning, while amygdala captures the more general effect of fearful faces perception. This study confirms ideas from the animal literature, and demonstrates for the first time the central role of the thalamus in fear conditioning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Lithari
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, CIMeC, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Stephan Moratti
- Departamento De Psicología Básica I, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Laboratory for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Politecnica De Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Weisz
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, CIMeC, University of Trento, Italy
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104
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Garrido MI, Barnes GR, Kumaran D, Maguire EA, Dolan RJ. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex drives hippocampal theta oscillations induced by mismatch computations. Neuroimage 2015; 120:362-70. [PMID: 26187453 PMCID: PMC4594308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting environmental change is fundamental for adaptive behavior in an uncertain world. Previous work indicates the hippocampus supports the generation of novelty signals via implementation of a match–mismatch detector that signals when an incoming sensory input violates expectations based on past experience. While existing work has emphasized the particular contribution of the hippocampus, here we ask which other brain structures also contribute to match–mismatch detection. Furthermore, we leverage the fine-grained temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate whether mismatch computations are spectrally confined to the theta range, based on the prominence of this range of oscillations in models of hippocampal function. By recording MEG activity while human subjects perform a task that incorporates conditions of match–mismatch novelty we show that mismatch signals are confined to the theta band and are expressed in both the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Effective connectivity analyses (dynamic causal modeling) show that the hippocampus and vmPFC work as a functional circuit during mismatch detection. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the vmPFC drives the hippocampus during the generation and processing of mismatch signals. Our findings provide new evidence that the hippocampal–vmPFC circuit is engaged during novelty processing, which has implications for emerging theories regarding the role of vmPFC in memory. Mismatch detection engages human hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Novelty signals are spectrally confined to the theta band. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex drives hippocampal theta induced by mismatches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Garrido
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dharshan Kumaran
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Eleanor A Maguire
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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105
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Kwon G, Lim S, Kim MY, Kwon H, Lee YH, Kim K, Lee EJ, Suh M. Individual differences in oscillatory brain activity in response to varying attentional demands during a word recall and oculomotor dual task. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:381. [PMID: 26175681 PMCID: PMC4484223 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, we face situations that involve multi-tasking. How our brain utilizes cortical resources during multi-tasking is one of many interesting research topics. In this study, we tested whether a dual-task can be differentiated in the neural and behavioral responses of healthy subjects with varying degree of working memory capacity (WMC). We combined word recall and oculomotor tasks because they incorporate common neural networks including the fronto-parietal (FP) network. Three different types of oculomotor tasks (eye fixation, Fix-EM; predictive and random smooth pursuit eye movement, P-SPEM and R-SPEM) were combined with two memory load levels (low-load: five words, high-load: 10 words) for a word recall task. Each of those dual-task combinations was supposed to create varying cognitive loads on the FP network. We hypothesize that each dual-task requires different cognitive strategies for allocating the brain's limited cortical resources and affects brain oscillation of the FP network. In addition, we hypothesized that groups with different WMC will show differential neural and behavioral responses. We measured oscillatory brain activity with simultaneous MEG and EEG recordings and behavioral performance by word recall. Prominent frontal midline (FM) theta (4-6 Hz) synchronization emerged in the EEG of the high-WMC group experiencing R-SPEM with high-load conditions during the early phase of the word maintenance period. Conversely, significant parietal upper alpha (10-12 Hz) desynchronization was observed in the EEG and MEG of the low-WMC group experiencing P-SPEM under high-load conditions during the same period. Different brain oscillatory patterns seem to depend on each individual's WMC and varying attentional demands from different dual-task combinations. These findings suggest that specific brain oscillations may reflect different strategies for allocating cortical resources during combined word recall and oculomotor dual-tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusang Kwon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea ; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyukchan Kwon
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea ; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- School of Business, Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea
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106
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Mu L, Wang J, Cao B, Jelfs B, Chan RHM, Xu X, Hasan M, Zhang X, Li Y. Impairment of cognitive function by chemotherapy: association with the disruption of phase-locking and synchronization in anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Brain 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 26001812 PMCID: PMC4490721 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients following prolonged cancer chemotherapy are at high risk of emotional and cognitive deficits. Research indicates that the brain neuronal temporal coding and synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) are critical in memory and perception. We studied the effects of cisplatin on induction of LTP in the basolateral amygdala (BLA)-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pathway, characterized the coordination of spike timing with local theta oscillation, and identified synchrony in the BLA-ACC network integrity. Results In the study presented, the impacts of cisplatin on emotional and cognitive functions were investigated by elevated plus-maze test, Morris water maze test, and rat Iowa gambling task (RGT). Electrophysiological recordings were conducted to study long-term potentiation. Simultaneous recordings from multi-electrodes were performed to characterize the neural spike firing and ongoing theta oscillation of local field potential (LFP), and to clarify the synchronization of large scale of theta oscillation in the BLA-ACC pathway. Cisplatin-treated rats demonstrated anxiety- like behavior, exhibited impaired spatial reference memory. RGT showed decrease of the percentage of good decision-makers, and increase in the percentage of maladaptive behavior (delay-good decision-makers plus poor decision-makers). Cisplatin suppressed the LTP, and disrupted the phase-locking of ACC single neural firings to the ongoing theta oscillation; further, cisplatin interrupted the synchrony in the BLA-ACC pathway. Conclusions We provide the first direct evidence that the cisplatin interrupts theta-frequency phase-locking of ACC neurons. The block of LTP and disruption of synchronized theta oscillations in the BLA-ACC pathway are associated with emotional and cognitive deficits in rats, following cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Beth Jelfs
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Rosa H M Chan
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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107
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Hattori S, Chen L, Weiss C, Disterhoft JF. Robust hippocampal responsivity during retrieval of consolidated associative memory. Hippocampus 2015; 25:655-69. [PMID: 25515308 PMCID: PMC4412761 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A contentious point in memory research is whether or not the hippocampus plays a time-limited role in the consolidation of declarative memories. A widely held view is that declarative memories are initially encoded in the hippocampus, then transferred to the neocortex for long-term storage. Alternate views argue instead that the hippocampus continues to play a role in remote memory recall. These competing theories are largely based on human amnesic and animal lesion/inactivation studies. However, in vivo electrophysiological evidence supporting these views is scarce. Given that other studies examining the role of the hippocampus in remote memory retrieval using lesion and imaging techniques in human and animal models have provided mixed results, it would be particularly useful to gain insight at the in vivo electrophysiological level. Here we report hippocampal single-neuron and theta activity recorded longitudinally during acquisition and remote retrieval of trace eyeblink conditioning. Results from conditioned rabbits were compared to those obtained from yoked pseudo-conditioned control rabbits. Results reveal continued learning-specific hippocampal activity one month after initial acquisition of the task. Our findings yield insight into the normal physiological responses of the hippocampus during memory processes and provide compelling in vivo electrophysiological evidence that the hippocampus is involved in both acquisition and retrieval of consolidated memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoai Hattori
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Lillian Chen
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Craig Weiss
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - John F. Disterhoft
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
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108
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Neumann WJ, Jha A, Bock A, Huebl J, Horn A, Schneider GH, Sander TH, Litvak V, Kühn AA. Cortico-pallidal oscillatory connectivity in patients with dystonia. Brain 2015; 138:1894-906. [PMID: 25935723 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dystonia has been associated with an underlying dysfunction of a wide network of brain regions including the motor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord. Dystonia can be effectively treated by pallidal deep brain stimulation although the mechanism of this effect is not well understood. Here, we sought to characterize cortico-basal ganglia functional connectivity using a frequency-specific measure of connectivity-coherence. We recorded direct local field potentials from the human pallidum simultaneously with whole head magnetoencephalography to characterize functional connectivity in the cortico-pallidal oscillatory network in nine patients with idiopathic dystonia. Three-dimensional cortico-pallidal coherence images were compared to surrogate images of phase shuffled data across patients to reveal clusters of significant coherence (family-wise error P < 0.01, voxel extent 1000). Three frequency-specific, spatially-distinct cortico-pallidal networks have been identified: a pallido-temporal source of theta band (4-8 Hz) coherence, a pallido-cerebellar source of alpha band (7-13 Hz) coherence and a cortico-pallidal source of beta band (13-30 Hz) coherence over sensorimotor areas. Granger-based directionality analysis revealed directional coupling with the pallidal local field potentials leading in the theta and alpha band and the magnetoencephalographic cortical source leading in the beta band. The degree of pallido-cerebellar coupling showed an inverse correlation with dystonic symptom severity. Our data extend previous findings in patients with Parkinson's disease describing motor cortex-basal ganglia oscillatory connectivity in the beta band to patients with dystonia. Source coherence analysis revealed two additional frequency-specific networks involving the temporal cortex and the cerebellum. Pallido-cerebellar oscillatory connectivity and its association with dystonic symptoms provides further confirmation of cerebellar involvement in dystonia that has been recently reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging and fibre tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Julian Neumann
- 1 Department of Neurology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany 2 The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ashwani Jha
- 3 Sobell Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Antje Bock
- 1 Department of Neurology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius Huebl
- 1 Department of Neurology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- 1 Department of Neurology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Helge Schneider
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann H Sander
- 5 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Institut Berlin, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir Litvak
- 2 The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- 1 Department of Neurology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1,13353 Berlin, Germany 6 Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin,Germany Berlin, Germany 7 NeuroCure, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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109
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Modeling synchronous theta activity in the medial septum: key role of local communications between different cell populations. J Comput Neurosci 2015; 39:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-015-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Thompson EA, Xiang J, Wang Y. Frequency-spatial beamformer for MEG source localization. Biomed Signal Process Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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111
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Featherstone RE, McMullen MF, Ward KR, Bang J, Xiao J, Siegel SJ. EEG biomarkers of target engagement, therapeutic effect, and disease process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:12-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mary F. McMullen
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn R. Ward
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Xiao
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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112
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Martínez-Bellver S, Cervera-Ferri A, Martínez-Ricós J, Ruiz-Torner A, Luque-Garcia A, Luque-Martinez A, Blasco-Serra A, Guerrero-Martínez J, Bataller-Mompeán M, Teruel-Martí V. Regular theta-firing neurons in the nucleus incertus during sustained hippocampal activation. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1049-67. [PMID: 25817317 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the existence of theta-coupled neuronal activity in the nucleus incertus (NI). Theta rhythm is relevant for cognitive processes such as spatial navigation and memory processing, and can be recorded in a number of structures related to the hippocampal activation including the NI. Strong evidence supports the role of this tegmental nucleus in neural circuits integrating behavioural activation with the hippocampal theta rhythm. Theta oscillations have been recorded in the local field potential of the NI, highly coupled to the hippocampal waves, although no rhythmical activity has been reported in neurons of this nucleus. The present work analyses the neuronal activity in the NI in conditions leading to sustained hippocampal theta in the urethane-anaesthetised rat, in order to test whether such activation elicits a differential firing pattern. Wavelet analysis has been used to better define the neuronal activity already described in the nucleus, i.e., non-rhythmical neurons firing at theta frequency (type I neurons) and fast-firing rhythmical neurons (type II). However, the most remarkable finding was that sustained stimulation activated regular-theta neurons (type III), which were almost silent in baseline conditions and have not previously been reported. Thus, we describe the electrophysiological properties of type III neurons, focusing on their coupling to the hippocampal theta. Their spike rate, regularity and phase locking to the oscillations increased at the beginning of the stimulation, suggesting a role in the activation or reset of the oscillation. Further research is needed to address the specific contribution of these neurons to the entire circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Departamento de Anatomia y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, Avd. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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113
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Dimitriadis SI, Laskaris NA, Micheloyannis S. Transition dynamics of EEG-based network microstates during mental arithmetic and resting wakefulness reflects task-related modulations and developmental changes. Cogn Neurodyn 2015; 9:371-87. [PMID: 26157511 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-015-9330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied how maturation influences the organization of functional brain networks engaged during mental calculations and in resting state. Surface EEG measurements from 20 children (8-12 years) and 25 students (21-26 years) were analyzed. Interregional synchronization of brain activity was quantified by means of Phase Lag Index and for various frequency bands. Based on these pairwise estimates of functional connectivity, we formed graphs which were then characterized in terms of local structure [local efficiency (LE)] and overall integration (global efficiency). The overall data analytic scheme was applied twice, in a static and time-varying mode. Our results showed a characteristic trend: functional segregation dominates the network organization of younger brains. Moreover, in childhood, the overall functional network possesses more prominent small-world network characteristics than in early acorrect in xmldulthood in accordance with the Neural Efficiency Hypothesis. The above trends were intensified by the time-varying approach and identified for the whole set of tested frequency bands (from δ to low γ). By mapping the time-indexed connectivity patterns to multivariate timeseries of nodal LE measurements, we carried out an elaborate study of the functional segregation dynamics and demonstrated that the underlying network undergoes transitions between a restricted number of stable states, that can be thought of as "network-level microstates". The rate of these transitions provided a robust marker of developmental and task-induced alterations, that was found to be insensitive to reference montage and independent component analysis denoising.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Dimitriadis
- Artificial Intelligence and Information Analysis Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece ; NeuroInformatics Group, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N A Laskaris
- Artificial Intelligence and Information Analysis Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece ; NeuroInformatics Group, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Micheloyannis
- Medical Division (Laboratory L.Widen), University of Crete, 71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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114
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Soh P, Narayanan B, Khadka S, Calhoun VD, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA, Pearlson GD. Joint Coupling of Awake EEG Frequency Activity and MRI Gray Matter Volumes in the Psychosis Dimension: A BSNIP Study. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26617533 PMCID: PMC4637406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have examined either electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency activity or gray matter volumes (GMV) in various psychoses [including schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective (SZA), and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP)]. Prior work demonstrated similar EEG and gray matter abnormalities in both SZ and PBP. Integrating EEG and GMV and jointly analyzing the combined data fully elucidates the linkage between the two and may provide better biomarker- or endophenotype-specificity for a particular illness. Joint exploratory investigations of EEG and GMV are scarce in the literature and the relationship between the two in psychosis is even less explored. We investigated a joint multivariate model to test whether the linear relationship or linkage between awake EEG (AEEG) frequency activity and GMV is abnormal across the psychosis dimension and if such effects are also present in first-degree relatives. METHODS We assessed 607 subjects comprising 264 probands [105 SZ, 72 SZA, and 87 PBP], 233 of their first degree relatives [82 SZ relatives (SZR), 71 SZA relatives (SZAR), and 80 PBP relatives (PBPR)], and 110 healthy comparison subjects (HC). All subjects underwent structural MRI (sMRI) and EEG scans. Frequency activity and voxel-based morphometric GMV were derived from EEG and sMRI data, respectively. Seven AEEG frequency and gray matter components were extracted using Joint independent component analysis (jICA). The loading coefficients (LC) were examined for group differences using analysis of covariance. Further, the LCs were correlated with psychopathology scores to identify relationship with clinical symptoms. RESULTS Joint ICA revealed a single component differentiating SZ from HC (p < 0.006), comprising increased posterior alpha activity associated with decreased volume in inferior parietal lobe, supramarginal, parahippocampal gyrus, middle frontal, inferior temporal gyri, and increased volume of uncus and culmen. No components were aberrant in either PBP or SZA or any relative group. No significant association was identified with clinical symptom measures. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a joint EEG and GMV model yielded a biomarker specific to SZ, not abnormal in PBP or SZA. Alpha activity was related to both increased and decreased volume in different cortical structures. Additionally, the joint model failed to identify endophenotypes across psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Soh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living , Hartford, CT , USA
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living , Hartford, CT , USA
| | - Sabin Khadka
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living , Hartford, CT , USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; The Mind Research Network , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living , Hartford, CT , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
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115
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de Guinea AO, Titah R, Léger PM. Explicit and Implicit Antecedents of Users' Behavioral Beliefs in Information Systems: A Neuropsychological Investigation. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.2753/mis0742-1222300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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116
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Li LB, Zhang L, Sun YN, Han LN, Wu ZH, Zhang QJ, Liu J. Activation of serotonin2A receptors in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex enhanced working memory in the hemiparkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 91:23-33. [PMID: 25486618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptors are highly expressed in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex (MS-DB), especially in parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons linked to hippocampal theta rhythm, which is involved in cognition. Cognitive impairments commonly occur in Parkinson's disease. Here we performed behavioral, electrophysiological, neurochemical and immunohistochemical studies in rats with complete unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to assess the importance of dopamine (DA) depletion and MS-DB 5-HT2A receptors for working memory. The MFB lesions resulted in working memory impairment and decreases in firing rate and density of MS-DB PV-positive neurons, peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm, and DA levels in septohippocampal system and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared to control rats. Intra-MS-DB injection of high affinity 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2 enhanced working memory, increased firing rate of PV-positive neurons and peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm, elevated DA levels in the hippocampus and mPFC, and decreased 5-HT level in the hippocampus in control and lesioned rats. Compared to control rats, the duration of the excitatory effect produced by TCB-2 on the firing rate of PV-positive neurons was markedly shortened in lesioned rats, indicating dysfunction of 5-HT2A receptors. These findings suggest that unilateral lesions of the MFB in rats induced working memory deficit, and activation of MS-DB 5-HT2A receptors enhanced working memory, which may be due to changes in the activity of septohippocampal network and monoamine levels in the hippocampus and mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Na Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ling-Na Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Ergen M, Saban S, Kirmizi-Alsan E, Uslu A, Keskin-Ergen Y, Demiralp T. Time–frequency analysis of the event-related potentials associated with the Stroop test. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:463-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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118
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Bai W, Yi H, Liu T, Wei J, Tian X. Incoordination between spikes and LFPs in Aβ1-42-mediated memory deficits in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:411. [PMID: 25505877 PMCID: PMC4245911 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually induces cognitive deficits. Impairments of working memory have been typically observed in AD. It is well known that spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) as well as the coordination between them encode information in normal brain function. However, the abnormal coordination between spikes and LFPs in the cognitive deficits of AD has remained largely unexplored. As amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a causative factor for the cognitive impairments of AD, developing a mechanistic understanding of the contribution of Aβ to cognitive impairments may yield important insights into the pathophysiology of AD. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded spikes and LFPs from multiple electrodes implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rats (control and intra-hippocampal Aβ injection group) that performed a Y-maze working memory task. The information changes in spikes and LFPs during the task were assessed by calculation of entropy. Then the coordination between spikes and LFPs was estimated by the correlation of LFP entropy and spike entropy. Compared with the control group, the Aβ group showed significantly weaker coordination between spikes and LFPs. Our results indicate that the incoordination between spikes and LFPs may provide a potential mechanism for the cognitive deficits in working memory of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Hu Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Tiaotiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
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Climer JR, DiTullio R, Newman EL, Hasselmo ME, Eden UT. Examination of rhythmicity of extracellularly recorded neurons in the entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus 2014; 25:460-73. [PMID: 25331248 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the theta-rhythmic modulation of neuronal firing in the hippocampal circuit. For extracellular recordings, this is often done by examining spectral properties of the spike-time autocorrelogram, most significantly, for validating the presence or absence of theta modulation across species. These techniques can show significant rhythmicity for high firing rate, highly rhythmic neurons; however, they are substantially biased by several factors including the peak firing rate of the neuron, the amount of time spent in the neuron's receptive field, and other temporal properties of the rhythmicity such as cycle-skipping. These limitations make it difficult to examine rhythmic modulation in neurons with low firing rates or when an animal has short dwell times within the firing field and difficult to compare rhythmicity under disparate experimental conditions when these factors frequently differ. Here, we describe in detail the challenges that researchers face when using these techniques and apply our findings to recent recordings from bat entorhinal grid cells, suggesting that they may have lacked enough data to examine theta rhythmicity robustly. We describe a more sensitive and statistically rigorous method using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of a parametric model of the lags within the autocorrelation window, which helps to alleviate some of the problems of traditional methods and was also unable to detect rhythmicity in bat grid cells. Using large batteries of simulated data, we explored the boundaries for which the MLE technique and the theta index can detect rhythmicity. The MLE technique is less sensitive to many features of the autocorrelogram and provides a framework for statistical testing to detect rhythmicity as well as changes in rhythmicity in individual sessions providing a substantial improvement over previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Climer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Massachusetts
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120
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Garvert MM, Friston KJ, Dolan RJ, Garrido MI. Subcortical amygdala pathways enable rapid face processing. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:309-16. [PMID: 25108179 PMCID: PMC4229499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human faces may signal relevant information and are therefore analysed rapidly and effectively by the brain. However, the precise mechanisms and pathways involved in rapid face processing are unclear. One view posits a role for a subcortical connection between early visual sensory regions and the amygdala, while an alternative account emphasises cortical mediation. To adjudicate between these functional architectures, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) evoked fields in human subjects to presentation of faces with varying emotional valence. Early brain activity was better explained by dynamic causal models containing a direct subcortical connection to the amygdala irrespective of emotional modulation. At longer latencies, models without a subcortical connection had comparable evidence. Hence, our results support the hypothesis that a subcortical pathway to the amygdala plays a role in rapid sensory processing of faces, in particular during early stimulus processing. This finding contributes to an understanding of the amygdala as a behavioural relevance detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Garvert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 Brisbane, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Australia.
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121
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Adjamian P. The application of electro- and magneto-encephalography in tinnitus research - methods and interpretations. Front Neurol 2014; 5:228. [PMID: 25431567 PMCID: PMC4230045 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate changes in oscillatory brain activity associated with tinnitus with many conflicting results. Current view of the underlying mechanism of tinnitus is that it results from changes in brain activity in various structures of the brain as a consequence of sensory deprivation. This in turn gives rise to increased spontaneous activity and/or synchrony in the auditory centers but also involves modulation from non-auditory processes from structures of the limbic and paralimbic system. Some of the neural changes associated with tinnitus may be assessed non-invasively in human beings with MEG and EEG (M/EEG) in ways, which are superior to animal studies and other non-invasive imaging techniques. However, both MEG and EEG have their limitations and research results can be misinterpreted without appropriate consideration of these limitations. In this article, I intend to provide a brief review of these techniques, describe what the recorded signals reflect in terms of the underlying neural activity, and their strengths and limitations. I also discuss some pertinent methodological issues involved in tinnitus-related studies and conclude with suggestions to minimize possible discrepancies between results. The overall message is that while MEG and EEG are extremely useful techniques, the interpretation of results from tinnitus studies requires much caution given the individual variability in oscillatory activity and the limits of these techniques.
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122
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Plank M, Snider J, Kaestner E, Halgren E, Poizner H. Neurocognitive stages of spatial cognitive mapping measured during free exploration of a large-scale virtual environment. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:740-53. [PMID: 25376779 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel, fully mobile virtual reality paradigm, we investigated the EEG correlates of spatial representations formed during unsupervised exploration. On day 1, subjects implicitly learned the location of 39 objects by exploring a room and popping bubbles that hid the objects. On day 2, they again popped bubbles in the same environment. In most cases, the objects hidden underneath the bubbles were in the same place as on day 1. However, a varying third of them were misplaced in each block. Subjects indicated their certainty that the object was in the same location as the day before. Compared with bubble pops revealing correctly placed objects, bubble pops revealing misplaced objects evoked a decreased negativity starting at 145 ms, with scalp topography consistent with generation in medial parietal cortex. There was also an increased negativity starting at 515 ms to misplaced objects, with scalp topography consistent with generation in inferior temporal cortex. Additionally, misplaced objects elicited an increase in frontal midline theta power. These findings suggest that the successive neurocognitive stages of processing allocentric space may include an initial template matching, integration of the object within its spatial cognitive map, and memory recall, analogous to the processing negativity N400 and theta that support verbal cognitive maps in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Plank
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph Snider
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Eric Halgren
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Howard Poizner
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
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123
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Gu BM, van Rijn H, Meck WH. Oscillatory multiplexing of neural population codes for interval timing and working memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 48:160-85. [PMID: 25454354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interval timing and working memory are critical components of cognition that are supported by neural oscillations in prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuits. In this review, the properties of interval timing and working memory are explored in terms of behavioral, anatomical, pharmacological, and neurophysiological findings. We then describe the various neurobiological theories that have been developed to explain these cognitive processes - largely independent of each other. Following this, a coupled excitatory - inhibitory oscillation (EIO) model of temporal processing is proposed to address the shared oscillatory properties of interval timing and working memory. Using this integrative approach, we describe a hybrid model explaining how interval timing and working memory can originate from the same oscillatory processes, but differ in terms of which dimension of the neural oscillation is utilized for the extraction of item, temporal order, and duration information. This extension of the striatal beat-frequency (SBF) model of interval timing (Matell and Meck, 2000, 2004) is based on prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuit dynamics and has direct relevance to the pathophysiological distortions observed in time perception and working memory in a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Mi Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hedderik van Rijn
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Warren H Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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124
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Forbes CE, Leitner JB. Stereotype threat engenders neural attentional bias toward negative feedback to undermine performance. Biol Psychol 2014; 102:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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125
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Thatcher RW, North DM, Biver CJ. LORETA EEG phase reset of the default mode network. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:529. [PMID: 25100976 PMCID: PMC4108033 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore phase reset of 3-dimensional current sources in Brodmann areas located in the human default mode network (DMN) using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) of the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods: The EEG was recorded from 19 scalp locations from 70 healthy normal subjects ranging in age from 13 to 20 years. A time point by time point computation of LORETA current sources were computed for 14 Brodmann areas comprising the DMN in the delta frequency band. The Hilbert transform of the LORETA time series was used to compute the instantaneous phase differences between all pairs of Brodmann areas. Phase shift and lock durations were calculated based on the 1st and 2nd derivatives of the time series of phase differences. Results: Phase shift duration exhibited three discrete modes at approximately: (1) 25 ms, (2) 50 ms, and (3) 65 ms. Phase lock duration present primarily at: (1) 300–350 ms and (2) 350–450 ms. Phase shift and lock durations were inversely related and exhibited an exponential change with distance between Brodmann areas. Conclusions: The results are explained by local neural packing density of network hubs and an exponential decrease in connections with distance from a hub. The results are consistent with a discrete temporal model of brain function where anatomical hubs behave like a “shutter” that opens and closes at specific durations as nodes of a network giving rise to temporarily phase locked clusters of neurons for specific durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Thatcher
- EEG and NeuroImaging Laboratory, Applied Neuroscience Research Institute Seminole, FL, USA
| | - Duane M North
- EEG and NeuroImaging Laboratory, Applied Neuroscience Research Institute Seminole, FL, USA
| | - Carl J Biver
- EEG and NeuroImaging Laboratory, Applied Neuroscience Research Institute Seminole, FL, USA
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126
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Eckart C, Fuentemilla L, Bauch EM, Bunzeck N. Dopaminergic stimulation facilitates working memory and differentially affects prefrontal low theta oscillations. Neuroimage 2014; 94:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Cardoso-Cruz H, Dourado M, Monteiro C, Matos MR, Galhardo V. Activation of dopaminergic D2/D3 receptors modulates dorsoventral connectivity in the hippocampus and reverses the impairment of working memory after nerve injury. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5861-73. [PMID: 24760846 PMCID: PMC6608290 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0021-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in several forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a crucial brain structure for working memory (WM) functioning. In this study, we evaluated whether the working-memory impairment characteristic of animal models of chronic pain is dependent on hippocampal dopaminergic signaling. To address this issue, we implanted multichannel arrays of electrodes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal CA1 region of rats and recorded the neuronal activity during a food-reinforced spatial WM task of trajectory alternation. Within-subject behavioral performance and patterns of dorsoventral neuronal activity were assessed before and after the onset of persistent neuropathic pain using the Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. Our results show that the peripheral nerve lesion caused a disruption in WM and in hippocampus spike activity and that this disruption was reversed by the systemic administration of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg). In SNI animals, the administration of quinpirole restored both the performance-related and the task-related spike activity to the normal range characteristic of naive animals, whereas quinpirole in sham animals caused the opposite effect. Quinpirole also reversed the abnormally low levels of hippocampus dorsoventral connectivity and phase coherence. Together with our finding of changes in gene expression of dopamine receptors and modulators after the onset of the nerve injury model, these results suggest that disruption of the dopaminergic balance in the hippocampus may be crucial for the clinical neurological and cognitive deficits observed in patients with painful syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Cardoso-Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, and
| | - Margarida Dourado
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, and
- Programa Doutoral em Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto. 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Monteiro
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, and
| | - Mariana R. Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, and
| | - Vasco Galhardo
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, and
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128
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Quraan MA, Protzner AB, Daskalakis ZJ, Giacobbe P, Tang CW, Kennedy SH, Lozano AM, McAndrews MP. EEG power asymmetry and functional connectivity as a marker of treatment effectiveness in DBS surgery for depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1270-81. [PMID: 24285211 PMCID: PMC3957123 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been evaluated as an experimental therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Although there have been encouraging results in open-label trials, about half of the patients fail to achieve meaningful benefit. Although progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of MDD, the ability to characterize differences in brain dynamics between those who do and do not benefit from DBS is lacking. In this study, we investigated EEG resting-state data recorded from 12 patients that have undergone DBS surgery. Of those, six patients were classified as responders to DBS, defined as an improvement of 50% or more on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). We compared hemispheric frontal theta and parietal alpha power asymmetry and synchronization asymmetry between responders and non-responders. Hemispheric power asymmetry showed statistically significant differences between responders and non-responders with healthy controls showing an asymmetry similar to responders but opposite to non-responders. This asymmetry was characterized by an increase in frontal theta in the right hemisphere relative to the left combined with an increase in parietal alpha in the left hemisphere relative to the right in non-responders compared with responders. Hemispheric mean synchronization asymmetry showed a statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders in the theta band, with healthy controls showing an asymmetry similar to responders but opposite to non-responders. This asymmetry resulted from an increase in frontal synchronization in the right hemisphere relative to the left combined with an increase in parietal synchronization in the left hemisphere relative to the right in non-responders compared with responders. Connectivity diagrams revealed long-range differences in frontal/central-parietal connectivity between the two groups in the theta band. This pattern was observed irrespective of whether EEG data were collected with active DBS or with the DBS stimulation turned off, suggesting stable functional and possibly structural modifications that may be attributed to plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A Quraan
- Krembil Neuroscience Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Room 4F-409, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada, Tel: +1 416 603 5800, E-mail:
| | - Andrea B Protzner
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris W Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Neuroscience Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary P McAndrews
- Krembil Neuroscience Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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129
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Kleberg FI, Kitajo K, Kawasaki M, Yamaguchi Y. Ongoing theta oscillations predict encoding of subjective memory type. Neurosci Res 2014; 83:69-80. [PMID: 24602686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent human electro-encephalography (EEG) studies show that ongoing brain states support successful encoding of human memory, including recognition. However it is not known whether ongoing cortical activity qualitatively determines different memory types at encoding. In this study, using a remember/know procedure, we measured the EEG oscillations that emerge before and during the encoding of abstract visual stimuli in episodic and non-episodic memory, focusing on the theta (2-8Hz) and alpha (9-12Hz) oscillation range. We found that enhanced prestimulus theta oscillations precede episodic memory encoding, compared to non-episodic encoding. The prestimulus difference appeared at frontal and temporal sites. Furthermore, the theta enhancement reappeared after stimulus onset. Enhanced upper alpha oscillations suggested increased working memory processing in the case of episodic memory. Finally, the pre- and post-stimulus theta and alpha amplitudes showed different correlation patterns for episodic and non-episodic encoding. Our results are the first to suggest that encoding of episodic memory depends on preparatory processing in the form of frontal and temporal theta oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichi Kitajo
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan; RIKEN BSI-Toyota Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kawasaki
- RIKEN BSI-Toyota Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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130
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Ketterer C, Heni M, Stingl K, Tschritter O, Linder K, Wagner R, Machicao F, Häring HU, Preissl H, Staiger H, Fritsche A. Polymorphism rs3123554 in CNR2 reveals gender-specific effects on body weight and affects loss of body weight and cerebral insulin action. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:925-31. [PMID: 23839870 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cannabinoid-receptor system is involved in the regulation of food intake. Here, we test whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CNR2, encoding the cannabinoid-receptor 2, are associated with weight in a cross-sectional cohort. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate if the identified hits influence weight loss during lifestyle intervention; and study a potential involvement of cerebral insulin action. METHODS 2006 subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus were genotyped for 5 tagging SNPs in the CNR2 locus. All subjects underwent a 75-g OGTT. 345 subjects participated in a lifestyle intervention (TUebingen Lifestyle Intervention Programme). Cerebrocortical insulin sensitivity was measured by magnetoencephalography after intranasal insulin application in 43 subjects. RESULTS In the cross-sectional cohort, the minor allele of rs3123554 was associated with lower BMI (Padd = 0.01, Prec = 0.004), and this was attributable to its effect in women only. Interestingly, during lifestyle intervention, carriers of the same allele lost less body weight (Padd = 0.03, Prec = 0.008). Moreover, carriers of this minor allele showed lower cerebral insulin sensitivity (Prec = 0.0402). CONCLUSIONS The minor allele of rs3123554 is associated cross-sectionally with lower body weight, whereas during intervention the same allele led to less reduction of body weight. Reduced cerebral insulin sensitivity in carriers of this allele might contribute to these disadvantageous effects during lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ketterer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tübingen), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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131
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EEG changes caused by spontaneous facial self-touch may represent emotion regulating processes and working memory maintenance. Brain Res 2014; 1557:111-26. [PMID: 24530432 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous facial self-touch gestures (sFSTG) are performed manifold every day by every human being, primarily in stressful situations. These movements are not usually designed to communicate and are frequently accomplished with little or no awareness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sFSTG are associated with specific changes in the electrical brain activity that might indicate an involvement of regulatory emotional processes and working memory. Fourteen subjects performed a delayed memory task of complex haptic stimuli. The stimuli had to be explored and then remembered for a retention interval of 5min. The retention interval was interrupted by unpleasant sounds from The International Affective Digitized Sounds and short sound-free periods. During the experiment a video stream of behavior, 19-channel EEG, and EMG (of forearm muscles) were recorded. Comparisons of the behavioral data and spectral power of different EEG frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were conducted. An increase of sFSTG during the application of unpleasant sounds was observed. A significant increase of spectral theta and beta power was observed after exploration of the stimuli as well as after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes. The spectral theta power extremely decreased just before sFSTG during the retention interval. Contrary to this, no significant changes were detected in any of the frequencies when the spectral power before and after instructed facial self-touch movements (b-iFSTG and a-iFSTG) were compared. The changes of spectral theta power in the intervals before and after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes imply that sFSTG are associated with cortical regulatory processes in the domains of working memory and emotions.
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132
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de Zubicaray G, Johnson K, Howard D, McMahon K. A perfusion fMRI investigation of thematic and categorical context effects in the spoken production of object names. Cortex 2014; 54:135-49. [PMID: 24657924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The context in which objects are presented influences the speed at which they are named. We employed the blocked cyclic naming paradigm and perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the mechanisms responsible for interference effects reported for thematically and categorically related compared to unrelated contexts. Naming objects in categorically homogeneous contexts induced a significant interference effect that accumulated from the second cycle onwards. This interference effect was associated with significant perfusion signal decreases in left middle and posterior lateral temporal cortex and the hippocampus. By contrast, thematically homogeneous contexts facilitated naming latencies significantly in the first cycle and did not differ from heterogeneous contexts thereafter, nor were they associated with any perfusion signal changes compared to heterogeneous contexts. These results are interpreted as being consistent with an account in which the interference effect both originates and has its locus at the lexical level, with an incremental learning mechanism adapting the activation levels of target lexical representations following access. We discuss the implications of these findings for accounts that assume thematic relations can be active lexical competitors or assume mandatory involvement of top-down control mechanisms in interference effects during naming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kori Johnson
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Howard
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Katie McMahon
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
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133
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Featherstone R, Nagy L, Hahn C, Siegel S. Juvenile exposure to ketamine causes delayed emergence of EEG abnormalities during adulthood in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:123-127. [PMID: 24210161 PMCID: PMC4009692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased susceptibility to cognitive impairment or psychosis in adulthood is associated with adolescent drug abuse. Studies in adults have identified impairments in attention and memory, and changes in EEG, as common consequences of ketamine abuse. In contrast, the effects of ketamine on the juvenile brain have not been extensively tested. This is a significant omission, since abuse of ketamine is often observed within this age group. OBJECTIVES Juvenile mice (4-6 weeks of age) were administered ketamine (20mg/kg) for 14 days. EEG was assessed in response to auditory stimulation both at one week following ketamine exposure at 7 weeks of age (juvenile) and again at 12 weeks of age (adult). EEG was analyzed for baseline activity, event-related power and event-related potentials (ERPs). RESULTS While no effects of ketamine exposure were observed during the juvenile period, significant reductions in amplitude of the P20 ERP component and event-related gamma power were seen following ketamine when re-tested as adults. In contrast, reductions in event-related theta were seen in ketamine-exposed mice at both time points. CONCLUSIONS Age related deficits in electrophysiological components such as P20 or event-related gamma may be due to an interruption of normal neural maturation. Reduction of NMDAR signaling during adolescence leads to delayed-onset disruption of gamma oscillations and the P20 component of the ERP. Further, delayed onset of impairment following adolescent ketamine abuse suggests that methods could be developed to detect and treat the early effects of drug exposure prior to the onset of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - L.R. Nagy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C.G. Hahn
- Molecular Signaling Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S.J. Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Corresponding Author: S.J. Siegel, Professor, University of Pennsylvania, Psychiatry, 125 S 31st street, rm 2202, Philadelphia, UNITED STATES, 2155730278,
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134
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Attention to memory: orienting attention to sound object representations. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013; 78:439-52. [PMID: 24352689 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing acceptance that attention and memory interact, and that attention can be focused on an active internal mental representation (i.e., reflective attention), there has been a paucity of work focusing on reflective attention to 'sound objects' (i.e., mental representations of actual sound sources in the environment). Further research on the dynamic interactions between auditory attention and memory, as well as its degree of neuroplasticity, is important for understanding how sound objects are represented, maintained, and accessed in the brain. This knowledge can then guide the development of training programs to help individuals with attention and memory problems. This review article focuses on attention to memory with an emphasis on behavioral and neuroimaging studies that have begun to explore the mechanisms that mediate reflective attentional orienting in vision and more recently, in audition. Reflective attention refers to situations in which attention is oriented toward internal representations rather than focused on external stimuli. We propose four general principles underlying attention to short-term memory. Furthermore, we suggest that mechanisms involved in orienting attention to visual object representations may also apply for orienting attention to sound object representations.
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135
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Li LB, Han LN, Zhang QJ, Sun YN, Wang Y, Feng J, Zhang L, Wang T, Chen L, Liu J. The theta-related firing activity of parvalbumin-positive neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex and their response to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Hippocampus 2013; 24:326-40. [PMID: 24174292 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex (MS-DB) play an important role in the generation of hippocampal theta rhythm involved in cognitive functions. These neurons in this region express a high density of 5-HT1A receptors which regulate the neuronal activity and consequently affect the theta rhythm. In this study, we examined changes in the theta-related firing activity of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB, their response to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation and the corresponding hippocampal theta rhythm, and the density of PV-positive neurons and their co-localization with 5-HT1A receptors in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The lesion of the SNc decreased the rhythmically bursting activity of PV-positive neurons and the peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm. Systemic administration of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.5-128 µg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the firing rate of PV-positive neurons and disrupted rhythmically bursting activity of the neurons and the theta rhythm in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, respectively. The cumulative doses producing inhibition and disruption in the lesioned rats were higher than that of sham-operated rats. Furthermore, local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0.005 μg) in the MS-DB also inhibited the firing rate of PV-positive neurons and disrupted their rhythmically bursting activity in sham-operated rats, while having no effect on PV-positive neurons in the lesioned rats. The lesion of the SNc decreased the density of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB, and percentage of PV-positive neurons expressing 5-HT1A receptors. These results indicate that the lesion of the SNc leads to suppression of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB and hippocampal theta rhythm. Furthermore, the lesion decreases the response of these neurons to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation, which attributes to dysfunction and/or down-regulation of 5-HT1A receptor expression on these neurons. These changes may be involved in cognitive impairments of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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136
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Cardoso-Cruz H, Sousa M, Vieira JB, Lima D, Galhardo V. Prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus reduced connectivity is associated with spatial working memory impairment in rats with inflammatory pain. Pain 2013; 154:2397-2406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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137
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Houck JM, Bryan AD, Feldstein Ewing SW. Functional connectivity and cannabis use in high-risk adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2013; 39:414-23. [PMID: 24200211 PMCID: PMC4070738 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2013.837914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a unique neurodevelopmental period when regions of the brain most able to assess risk and reward are still in development. Cannabis use during adolescence has been associated with persistent negative outcomes. Although measures of resting brain activity are useful in assessing functional connectivity, such measures have not been broadly applied in adolescent cannabis-users. OBJECTIVES The goal of the present study was to analyze the associations between cannabis use and resting brain activity in a sample of high-risk adolescents. METHODS Eighty-two high-risk youth between 14-18 years old were recruited from a juvenile justice day program. Youth completed a brief neurocognitive battery including assessments of cannabis use and a 5-minute resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Intrinsic connectivity networks were extracted using the GIFT toolbox. Brain activity in a fronto-temporal network was compared in youth with high cannabis use vs. low cannabis use using an independent-samples t-test with alcohol use entered as a covariate. RESULTS Analysis revealed two elements within the fronto-temporal network related to cannabis use: one in middle frontal gyrus related to high cannabis use, and one in middle temporal gyrus related to low cannabis use. Only the frontal source survived application of a cluster size threshold and was significant at p < 0.005. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with patterns of activity in adult cannabis-users. The observed effect may reflect either pre-existing risk factors or near-term consequences of cannabis use. Prevention and intervention strategies that address fronto-temporal functioning may be particularly helpful in this population.
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138
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Dumas T, Dubal S, Attal Y, Chupin M, Jouvent R, Morel S, George N. MEG evidence for dynamic amygdala modulations by gaze and facial emotions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74145. [PMID: 24040190 PMCID: PMC3769395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amygdala is a key brain region for face perception. While the role of amygdala in the perception of facial emotion and gaze has been extensively highlighted with fMRI, the unfolding in time of amydgala responses to emotional versus neutral faces with different gaze directions is scarcely known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we addressed this question in healthy subjects using MEG combined with an original source imaging method based on individual amygdala volume segmentation and the localization of sources in the amygdala volume. We found an early peak of amygdala activity that was enhanced for fearful relative to neutral faces between 130 and 170 ms. The effect of emotion was again significant in a later time range (310-350 ms). Moreover, the amygdala response was greater for direct relative averted gaze between 190 and 350 ms, and this effect was selective of fearful faces in the right amygdala. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results show that the amygdala is involved in the processing and integration of emotion and gaze cues from faces in different time ranges, thus underlining its role in multiple stages of face perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Dumas
- CNRS, UMR 7225, CRICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l′Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR_S 975, and Centre MEG-CENIR, Paris, France
- CNRS, USR 3246, Centre Emotion, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dubal
- CNRS, USR 3246, Centre Emotion, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yohan Attal
- CNRS, UMR 7225, CRICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l′Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR_S 975, and Centre MEG-CENIR, Paris, France
| | - Marie Chupin
- CNRS, UMR 7225, CRICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l′Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR_S 975, and Centre MEG-CENIR, Paris, France
| | - Roland Jouvent
- CNRS, USR 3246, Centre Emotion, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Shasha Morel
- CNRS, UMR 7295, CeRCA, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie George
- CNRS, UMR 7225, CRICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l′Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR_S 975, and Centre MEG-CENIR, Paris, France
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139
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Kitchigina V, Popova I, Sinelnikova V, Malkov A, Astasheva E, Shubina L, Aliev R. Disturbances of septohippocampal theta oscillations in the epileptic brain: Reasons and consequences. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:314-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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140
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Suthana N, Fried I. Deep brain stimulation for enhancement of learning and memory. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 3:996-1002. [PMID: 23921099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a powerful technique to treat a host of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders from Parkinson's disease and dystonia, to depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder (Benabid et al., 1987; Lang and Lozano, 1998; Davis et al., 1997; Vidailhet et al., 2005; Mayberg et al., 2005; Nuttin et al., 1999). More recently, results suggest that DBS can enhance memory for facts and events that are dependent on the medial temporal lobe (MTL), thus raising the possibility for DBS to be used as a treatment for MTL- related neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, and MTL injuries). In the following review, we summarize key results that show the ability of DBS or cortical surface stimulation to enhance memory. We also discuss current knowledge regarding the temporal specificity, underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of action, and generalization of stimulation's effects on memory. Throughout our discussion, we also propose several future directions that will provide the necessary insight into if and how DBS could be used as a therapeutic treatment for memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute For Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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141
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Oscillatory activity in the monkey hippocampus during visual exploration and memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13144-9. [PMID: 23878251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302351110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates explore the visual world through the use of saccadic eye movements. Neuronal activity in the hippocampus, a structure known to be essential for memory, is modulated by this saccadic activity, but the relationship between visual exploration through saccades and memory formation is not well understood. Here, we identify a link between theta-band (3-12 Hz) oscillatory activity in the hippocampus and saccadic activity in monkeys performing a recognition memory task. As monkeys freely explored novel images, saccades produced a theta-band phase reset, and the reliability of this phase reset was predictive of subsequent recognition. In addition, enhanced theta-band power before stimulus onset predicted stronger stimulus encoding. Together, these data suggest that hippocampal theta-band oscillations act in concert with active exploration in the primate and possibly serve to establish the optimal conditions for stimulus encoding.
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142
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Jutras MJ, Buffalo EA. Oscillatory correlates of memory in non-human primates. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 2:694-701. [PMID: 23867554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to navigate through our environment, explore with our senses, track the passage of time, and integrate these various components to form the experiences which make up our lives is shared among humans and animals. The use of animal models to study memory, coupled with electrophysiological techniques that permit the direct measurement of neural activity as memories are formed and retrieved, has provided a wealth of knowledge about these mechanisms. Here, we discuss current knowledge regarding the specific role of neural oscillations in memory, with particular emphasis on findings derived from non-human primates. Some of these findings provide evidence for the existence in the primate brain of mechanisms previously identified only in rodents and other lower mammals, while other findings suggest parallels between memory-related activity and processes observed in other cognitive modalities, including attention and sensory perception. Taken together, these results provide insight into how network activity may be organized to promote memory formation, and suggest that key aspects of this activity are similar across species, providing important information about the organization of human memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jutras
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics and National Primate Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7330, USA
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143
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Flexible frequency control of cortical oscillations enables computations required for working memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12828-33. [PMID: 23858465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303270110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive effort leads to a seeming cacophony of brain oscillations. For example, during tasks engaging working memory (WM), specific oscillatory frequency bands modulate in space and time. Despite ample data correlating such modulation to task performance, a mechanistic explanation remains elusive. We propose that flexible control of neural oscillations provides a unified mechanism for the rapid and controlled transitions between the computational operations required by WM. We show in a spiking network model that modulating the input oscillation frequency sets the network in different operating modes: rapid memory access and load is enabled by the beta-gamma oscillations, maintaining a memory while ignoring distractors by the theta, rapid memory clearance by the alpha. The various frequency bands determine the dynamic gating regimes enabling the necessary operations for WM, whose succession explains the need for the complex oscillatory brain dynamics during effortful cognition.
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144
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Abstract
The theta rhythm is one of the largest and most sinusoidal activity patterns in the brain. Here I survey progress in the field of theta rhythms research. I present arguments supporting the hypothesis that theta rhythms emerge owing to intrinsic cellular properties yet can be entrained by several theta oscillators throughout the brain. I review behavioral correlates of theta rhythms and consider how these correlates inform our understanding of theta rhythms' functions. I discuss recent work suggesting that one function of theta is to package related information within individual theta cycles for more efficient spatial memory processing. Studies examining the role of theta phase precession in spatial memory, particularly sequence retrieval, are also summarized. Additionally, I discuss how interregional coupling of theta rhythms facilitates communication across brain regions. Finally, I conclude by summarizing how theta rhythms may support cognitive operations in the brain, including learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA.
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Müller N, Keil J, Obleser J, Schulz H, Grunwald T, Bernays RL, Huppertz HJ, Weisz N. You can't stop the music: reduced auditory alpha power and coupling between auditory and memory regions facilitate the illusory perception of music during noise. Neuroimage 2013; 79:383-93. [PMID: 23664946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain has the capacity of providing an experience of hearing even in the absence of auditory stimulation. This can be seen as illusory conscious perception. While increasing evidence postulates that conscious perception requires specific brain states that systematically relate to specific patterns of oscillatory activity, the relationship between auditory illusions and oscillatory activity remains mostly unexplained. To investigate this we recorded brain activity with magnetoencephalography and collected intracranial data from epilepsy patients while participants listened to familiar as well as unknown music that was partly replaced by sections of pink noise. We hypothesized that participants have a stronger experience of hearing music throughout noise when the noise sections are embedded in familiar compared to unfamiliar music. This was supported by the behavioral results showing that participants rated the perception of music during noise as stronger when noise was presented in a familiar context. Time-frequency data show that the illusory perception of music is associated with a decrease in auditory alpha power pointing to increased auditory cortex excitability. Furthermore, the right auditory cortex is concurrently synchronized with the medial temporal lobe, putatively mediating memory aspects associated with the music illusion. We thus assume that neuronal activity in the highly excitable auditory cortex is shaped through extensive communication between the auditory cortex and the medial temporal lobe, thereby generating the illusion of hearing music during noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Müller
- Università degli Studi di Trento, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 TN, Italy.
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146
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Orzeł-Gryglewska J, Kuśmierczak M, Matulewicz P, Jurkowlaniec E. Dopaminergic transmission in the midbrain ventral tegmental area in the induction of hippocampal theta rhythm. Brain Res 2013; 1510:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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147
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Clemens Z, Borbély C, Weiss B, Erőss L, Szűcs A, Kelemen A, Fabó D, Rásonyi G, Janszky J, Halász P. Increased mesiotemporal delta activity characterizes virtual navigation in humans. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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148
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Is transcranial alternating current stimulation effective in modulating brain oscillations? PLoS One 2013; 8:e56589. [PMID: 23457586 PMCID: PMC3573000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a promising tool for modulating brain oscillations, as well as a possible therapeutic intervention. However, the lack of conclusive evidence on whether tACS is able to effectively affect cortical activity continues to limit its application. The present study aims to address this issue by exploiting the well-known inhibitory alpha rhythm in the posterior parietal cortex during visual perception and attention orientation. Four groups of healthy volunteers were tested with a Gabor patch detection and discrimination task. All participants were tested at the baseline and selective frequencies of tACS, including Sham, 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and 25 Hz. Stimulation at 6 Hz and 10 Hz over the occipito-parietal area impaired performance in the detection task compared to the baseline. The lack of a retinotopically organised effect and marginal frequency-specificity modulation in the detection task force us to be cautious about the effectiveness of tACS in modulating brain oscillations. Therefore, the present study does not provide significant evidence for tACS reliably inducing direct modulations of brain oscillations that can influence performance in a visual task.
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149
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Cardoso-Cruz H, Lima D, Galhardo V. Impaired spatial memory performance in a rat model of neuropathic pain is associated with reduced hippocampus-prefrontal cortex connectivity. J Neurosci 2013; 33:2465-80. [PMID: 23392675 PMCID: PMC6619155 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5197-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain patients commonly complain of working memory deficits, but the mechanisms and brain areas underlying this cognitive impairment remain elusive. The neuronal populations of the mPFC and dorsal CA1 (dCA1) are well known to form an interconnected neural circuit that is crucial for correct performance in spatial memory-dependent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether the functional connectivity between these two areas is affected by the onset of an animal model of peripheral neuropathic pain. To address this issue, we implanted two multichannel arrays of electrodes in the mPFC and dCA1 of rats and recorded the neuronal activity during a food-reinforced spatial working memory task in a reward-based alternate trajectory maze. Recordings were performed for 3 weeks, before and after the establishment of the spared nerve injury model of neuropathy. Our results show that the nerve lesion caused an impairment of working memory performance that is temporally associated with changes in the mPFC populational firing activity patterns when the animals navigated between decision points-when memory retention was most needed. Moreover, the activity of both recorded neuronal populations after the nerve injury increased their phase locking with respect to hippocampal theta rhythm. Finally, our data revealed that chronic pain reduces the overall amount of information flowing in the fronto-hippocampal circuit and induces the emergence of different oscillation patterns that are well correlated with the correct/incorrect performance of the animal on a trial-by-trial basis. The present results demonstrate that functional disturbances in the fronto-hippocampal connectivity are a relevant cause for pain-related working memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Cardoso-Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, and
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, and
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Galhardo
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, and
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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150
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Bočková M, Chládek J, Šímová L, Jurák P, Halámek J, Rektor I. Oscillatory changes in cognitive networks activated during a three-stimulus visual paradigm: An intracerebral study. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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