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Kukkemane K, Jagota A. Therapeutic effects of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Withania somnifera on age-induced changes in daily rhythms of Sirt1, Nrf2 and Rev-erbα in the SCN of male Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2020; 21:593-607. [PMID: 32249404 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The temporal expression pattern of the circadian clock genes are known to be altered/attenuated with advance in age. Withania somnifera (WS) essentially consists of numerous active constituents including withanolides is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic properties. We have earlier demonstrated therapeutic effects of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of WS on the age-induced alterations in the levels and daily rhythms of various clock genes such as rBmal1, rPer1, rPer2 and rCry1. We have now studied effects of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of WS on the age-induced alterations in the levels and daily rhythms of expression of SIRT1 (an NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase and a modulator of clock) and NRF2 (a clock controlled gene and a master transcription factor regulating various endogenous antioxidant enzymes) in addition to rRev-erbα in SCN of adult [3 months (m)], middle-aged (12 m) and old-aged (24 m) male Wistar rats. The daily rhythms of rNrf2 expression showed 6 h phase delay in middle age and 12 h phase advance in old age. WS restored rSirt1 daily rhythms and phase in old age whereas it restored the phase of rNrf2 in the SCN of both middle and old aged animals. At protein level, SIRT1 expression showed phase advances in 12 m and 24 m whereas NRF2 daily rhythms were abolished in both the age groups. WS restored the phase and daily rhythms of SIRT1 as well as NRF2 in 12 m old rats. However, rRev-erbα expression was found insensitive to WS treatment in all the age groups studied. Pairwise correlation analysis demonstrated significant stoichiometric interactions among rSirt1, rNrf2 and rRev-erbα in 3 m which altered with aging significantly. WS treatment resulted in differential restorations of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowshik Kukkemane
- Neurobiology and Molecular Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Anita Jagota
- Neurobiology and Molecular Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Patel JC, Khurana P, Sharma YK, Kumar B, Sugadev R. Google trend analysis of climatic zone based Indian severe seasonal sensitive population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:306. [PMID: 32164654 PMCID: PMC7069044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our earlier Google Trend (GT) Analytics study reported that the worldwide human population severely subject to four seasonal (sensitive) comorbid lifestyle diseases (SCLD) such as asthma, obesity, hypertension and fibrosis. The human population subject to seasonal variability in these four diseases activity referred as “severe seasonal sensitive population”. In India, the estimated burden of these four seasonal diseases is more than 350 million as on the year 2018. It is a growing crisis for India with a projected disease burden of 500 million in the year 2025. This study was aimed to decipher the genuine SCLD seasonal trends in the entire Indian population using GT and validate these trends in Indian climatic zones. Methods GT is used to study the temporal trends in web search using weekly Relative Search Volume (RSV) for the period 2004 to 2017. The relative search volume (RSV) of the four-severe seasonal comorbid diseases namely Asthma, Hypertension, Obesity and Fibrosis were collected with and without obesity as the reference. The RSV were collected using the GT selection options as (i) Whole India (ii) Jammu and Kashmir (Cold zone) (iii) Rajasthan (Hot and Dry zone) (iii) West Bengal (Hot and Humid zone) and (iv) Uttar Pradesh state (Composite zone). The time series analysis was carried out to find seasonal patterns, comorbidity, trends and periodicity in the entire India and four of its states (zones). Results Our analysis of entire India (2004–2017) revealed high significant seasonal patterns and comorbidity in all the four diseases of SCLD. The positive tau values indicated strong positive seasonal trends in the SCLD throughout the period (Table). The auto correlation analysis revealed that these diseases were subjected to 3, 4 and 6 months period seasonal variations. Similar seasonal patterns and trends were also observed in all the four Indian temperature zones. Overall study indicated that SCLD seasonal search patterns and trends are highly conserved in India even in drastic Indian climatic zones. Conclusions The clinical outcome arise out of these observations could be of immense significance in handling the major chronic life style diseases asthma, hypertension, obesity and fibrosis. The possible strong comorbid relationship among asthma, hypertension, obesity and fibrosis may be useful to segregate Indian seasonal sensitive population. In disease activity-based chronotherapy, the search interest of segment of the population with access to Internet may be used as an indicator for public health sectors in the early detection of SCLD from a specific country or a region. As this disease population could be highly subject to the adverse effect of seasons in addition to life style and other environmental factors. Our study necessitates that these Indian populations need special attention from the Indian health care sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Chand Patel
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Khurana
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ragumani Sugadev
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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103
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Wu WL, Papagiannakopoulos T. The Pleiotropic Role of the KEAP1/NRF2 Pathway in Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated proliferative capacity of many tumors is dependent on dysfunctional nutrient utilization and ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling to sustain a deranged metabolic state. Although it is clear that cancers broadly rely on these survival and signaling pathways, how they achieve these aims varies dramatically. Mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway represent a potent cancer adaptation to exploit native cytoprotective pathways that involve both nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. Despite activating these advantageous processes, mutations within KEAP1/ NRF2 are not universally selected for across cancers and instead appear to interact with particular tumor driver mutations and tissues of origin. Here, we highlight the relationship between the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling axis and tumor biology with a focus on genetic mutation, metabolism, immune regulation, and treatment implications and opportunities. Understanding the dysregulation of KEAP1 and NRF2 provides not only insight into a commonly mutated tumor suppressor pathway but also a window into the factors dictating the development and evolution of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren L. Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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104
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Morris AR, Stanton DL, Roman D, Liu AC. Systems Level Understanding of Circadian Integration with Cell Physiology. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3547-3564. [PMID: 32061938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates a wide variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In turn, its disruption is associated with sleep deficiency, metabolic syndrome, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and cancer. At the turn of the century, the circadian clock was determined to be regulated by a transcriptional negative feedback mechanism composed of a dozen core clock genes. More recently, large-scale genomic studies have expanded the clock into a complex network composed of thousands of gene outputs and inputs. A major task of circadian research is to utilize systems biological approaches to uncover the governing principles underlying cellular oscillatory behavior and advance understanding of biological functions at the genomic level with spatiotemporal resolution. This review focuses on the genes and pathways that provide inputs to the circadian clock. Several emerging examples include AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, nutrient/energy sensor mTOR, NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, oxidative stress-inducible factor NRF2, and the proinflammatory factor NF-κB. Among others that continue to be revealed, these input pathways reflect the extensive interplay between the clock and cell physiology through the regulation of core clock genes and proteins. While the scope of this crosstalk is well-recognized, precise molecular links are scarce, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Future research must leverage genetic and genomic tools and technologies, network analysis, and computational modeling to characterize additional modifiers and input pathways. This systems-based framework promises to advance understanding of the circadian timekeeping system and may enable the enhancement of circadian functions through related input pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Stanton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Destino Roman
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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105
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily cycles in biological function that are ubiquitous in nature. Understood as a means for organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes, circadian rhythms are also important for orchestrating complex biological processes such as immunity. Nowhere is this more evident than in the respiratory system, where circadian rhythms in inflammatory lung disease have been appreciated since ancient times. In this focused review we examine how emerging research on circadian rhythms is being applied to the study of fundamental lung biology and respiratory disease. We begin with a general introduction to circadian rhythms and the molecular circadian clock that underpins them. We then focus on emerging data tying circadian clock function to immunologic activities within the respiratory system. We conclude by considering outstanding questions about biological timing in the lung and how a better command of chronobiology could inform our understanding of complex lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nosal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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106
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Altered dynamics in the circadian oscillation of clock genes in serum-shocked NIH-3T3 cells by the treatment of GYY4137 or AOAA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 680:108237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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107
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Kizhuveetil U, Omer S, Karunagaran D, Suraishkumar GK. Improved redox anti-cancer treatment efficacy through reactive species rhythm manipulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1588. [PMID: 32005913 PMCID: PMC6994657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythms in the pseudo-steady state (PSS) levels of reactive species (RS), particularly superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, exist in cancer cells. The RS rhythm characteristics, particularly frequency and amplitude, are entrained (reset) by the anticancer compounds/drugs. In this work, we show for the first time that the phase of the RS rhythm at which the drug is added is significantly important in determining the cytotoxicity of anticancer compounds/drugs such as menadione and curcumin, in two different cancer cell lines. Curcumin, the more effective of the two drugs (IC50 = 15 µM, SiHa; 6 µM, HCT116) induced reset of superoxide and hydroxyl rhythms from 15.4 h to 9 h, and 25 h to 11 h respectively, as well as caused increases in these radical levels. However, menadione (IC50 = 20 µM, SiHa; 17 µM, HCT116) affected only the superoxide levels. Drug treatment at different time points/phase of the RS rhythm resulted in a maximum of 27% increase in cytotoxicity, which is significant. Further, we report for the first time, an unexpected absence of a correlation between the intracellular PSS RS and antioxidant levels; thus, the practice of using antioxidant enzyme levels as surrogate markers of intracellular oxidative stress levels may need a re-consideration. Therefore, the RS rhythm could be a fundamental/generic target to manipulate for improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Kizhuveetil
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sonal Omer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - D Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - G K Suraishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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108
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Chen M, Zhou C, Xu H, Zhang T, Wu B. Chronopharmacological targeting of Rev-erbα by puerarin alleviates hyperhomocysteinemia in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109936. [PMID: 32006903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with poor health, including cardiovascular and brain diseases. Puerarin, initially isolated from Puerariae radix, has been shown to possess anti-hyperhomocysteinemia effect. However, the mechanism of puerarin action remains unknown. Here, we uncovered that puerarin targeted the circadian clock protein Rev-erbα to alleviate hyperhomocysteinemia in mice in a circadian time-dependent manner. We first identified puerarin as an antagonist of Rev-erbα based on luciferase reporter, Gal4 co-transfection and target gene expression assays. Consistent with an antagonistic effect, puerarin induced mRNA and protein expressions of Bhmt, Cbs and Cth (three enzymes involved in homocysteine catabolism and known targets of Rev-erbα) in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. These induction effects of puerarin were lost in Rev-erbα-deficient cells. Furthermore, puerarin dose-dependently alleviated methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in mice as evidenced by decreased levels of total homocysteine and triglyceride. This was accompanied by increased expressions of Bhmt, Cbs and Cth in the liver. Moreover, puerarin dosed at ZT10 generated stronger pharmacological effects than drug dosed at ZT22 consistent with diurnally rhythmic expression of Rev-erbα (a high expression at ZT10 and a low expression at ZT22). In conclusion, puerarin targets Rev-erbα to alleviate hyperhomocysteinemia in mice in a circadian time-dependent manner. The finding of a circadian gene as drug target encourages chronotherapeutic practices on puerarin and related medications for optimized efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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109
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Abstract
Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, observed at cellular (eg, transcription, translation, and signaling), organ (eg, contractility and metabolism), and whole-body (eg, physical activity and appetite) levels. It is, therefore, not surprising that both cardiovascular physiology (eg, heart rate and blood pressure) and pathophysiology (eg, onset of adverse cardiovascular events) oscillate during the 24-hour day. Chronobiological influence over biological processes involves a complex interaction of factors that are extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) and intrinsic (eg, circadian clocks) to cells. Here, we focus on circadian governance of 6 fundamentally important processes: metabolism, signaling, electrophysiology, extracellular matrix, clotting, and inflammation. In each case, we discuss (1) the physiological significance for circadian regulation of these processes (ie, the good); (2) the pathological consequence of circadian governance impairment (ie, the bad); and (3) whether persistence/augmentation of circadian influences contribute to pathogenesis during distinct disease states (ie, the ugly). Finally, the translational impact of chronobiology on cardiovascular disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rana
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Martin E Young
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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110
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Cunningham PS, Meijer P, Nazgiewicz A, Anderson SG, Borthwick LA, Bagnall J, Kitchen GB, Lodyga M, Begley N, Venkateswaran RV, Shah R, Mercer PF, Durrington HJ, Henderson NC, Piper-Hanley K, Fisher AJ, Chambers RC, Bechtold DA, Gibbs JE, Loudon AS, Rutter MK, Hinz B, Ray DW, Blaikley JF. The circadian clock protein REVERBα inhibits pulmonary fibrosis development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1139-1147. [PMID: 31879343 PMCID: PMC6969503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammatory responses lie under circadian control; however, the importance of circadian mechanisms in the underlying fibrotic phenotype is not understood. Here, we identify a striking change to these mechanisms resulting in a gain of amplitude and lack of synchrony within pulmonary fibrotic tissue. These changes result from an infiltration of mesenchymal cells, an important cell type in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Mutation of the core clock protein REVERBα in these cells exacerbated the development of bleomycin-induced fibrosis, whereas mutation of REVERBα in club or myeloid cells had no effect on the bleomycin phenotype. Knockdown of REVERBα revealed regulation of the little-understood transcription factor TBPL1. Both REVERBα and TBPL1 altered integrinβ1 focal-adhesion formation, resulting in increased myofibroblast activation. The translational importance of our findings was established through analysis of 2 human cohorts. In the UK Biobank, circadian strain markers (sleep length, chronotype, and shift work) are associated with pulmonary fibrosis, making them risk factors. In a separate cohort, REVERBα expression was increased in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung tissue. Pharmacological targeting of REVERBα inhibited myofibroblast activation in IPF fibroblasts and collagen secretion in organotypic cultures from IPF patients, thus suggesting that targeting of REVERBα could be a viable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Meijer
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja Nazgiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown. Barbados BB11000
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - James Bagnall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth B Kitchen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rajamiyer V Venkateswaran
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Durrington
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Piper-Hanley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - John F Blaikley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
- Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
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111
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Zhou S, Dai YM, Zeng XF, Chen HZ. Circadian Clock and Sirtuins in Diabetic Lung: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32308644 PMCID: PMC7145977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced tissue injuries in target organs such as the kidney, heart, eye, liver, skin, and nervous system contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of diabetes. However, whether the lung should be considered a diabetic target organ has been discussed for decades. Accumulating evidence shows that both pulmonary histological changes and functional abnormalities have been observed in diabetic patients, suggesting that the lung is a diabetic target organ. Mechanisms underlying diabetic lung are unclear, however, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and premature aging convincingly contribute to them. Circadian system and Sirtuins have been well-documented to play important roles in above mechanisms. Circadian rhythms are intrinsic mammalian biological oscillations with a period of near 24 h driven by the circadian clock system. This system plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular proliferation and senescence, thus impacting metabolism-related diseases, chronic airway diseases and cancers. Sirtuins, a family of adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, have been demonstrated to regulate a series of physiological processes and affect diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), heart disease, cancer, and aging. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the roles of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in regulating cellular processes and highlight the potential interactions of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in the context of diabetic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Zhou
| | - Yi-Min Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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112
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Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, McClung CA. Mood-related central and peripheral clocks. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:326-345. [PMID: 30402924 PMCID: PMC6502705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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113
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Okada Y, Okada M. Quercetin, caffeic acid and resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1021-1032. [PMID: 31773385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system of mammals is synchronized in concert with a central clock, but is also influenced by additional stimuli, including nutrients. However, little research has been done on polyphenols other than resveratrol and there seem to be no studies on their influence on young and old cells. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential effects of quercetin, caffeic acid, and resveratrol on young and old fibroblast cells in the expressions of different clock genes and aging-related genes, and further investigate the mechanism. The mRNA expression of different clock genes and aging-related genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of clock genes (BMAL1, PER1 and SIRT1) and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) were assessed by ELISA. Quercetin and caffeic acid in old fibroblast cells showed higher clock gene expression than resveratrol, quercetin increased Sirt1 expression, and caffeic acid increased Sirt6 expression indicating the possibility of an anti-aging effect. Also, quercetin and caffeic acid showed higher clock-controlled gene (Sirt1 and NR1D1) expression than resveratrol in young fibroblast cells. It appears that caffeic acid acts on NRF2 expression, and in turn to the actions of GRα, GDF11, Sirt1, and Sirt6. Regarding the increased expression of Per1, the activation effect on NR1D1 was confirmed only for caffeic acid in young fibroblast cells. Our results have confirmed the interplay of the circadian clock genes and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing & Health Management, Graduate School of Nursing & Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Tohgoku, Kamishidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, 463-8502, Japan.
| | - Mizue Okada
- Nutrition Section, Ageing and Nutrition Research, Yms Laboratory, Gifu, 503, Japan
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Fang J, Yan Y, Teng X, Wen X, Li N, Peng S, Liu W, Donadeu FX, Zhao S, Hua J. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating NRF2 and inhibiting ER stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2954-2972. [PMID: 30362962 PMCID: PMC6224246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can aid in the treatment of numerous diseases in animals. However, natural aging during in vitro expansion of ADMSCs prior to their use in transplantation restricts their beneficial effects. Melatonin is reported to exert biorhythm regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-senescence effects in various animal and cell models. Herein, by using a senescent canine ADMSCs (cADMSCs) cell model subjected to multiple passages in vitro, we investigated the effects of melatonin on ADMSCs senescence. We found that melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell senescence. MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor inhibitor, luzindole, diminished the mRNA expression levels and rhythm expression amplitude of Bmal1 and Nrf2 genes. Nrf2 knockdown blocked the stimulatory effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-related gene expression and its inhibitory effects on ERS-related gene expression. At the same time, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown in cADMSCs. Melatonin pretreatment improved the survival of cADMSCs and enhanced the beneficial effects of cADMSCs transplantation in canine acute liver injury. These results indicate that melatonin activates Nrf2 through the MT1/MT2 receptor pathway, stimulates ERAD, inhibits NF-κB and ERS, alleviates cADMSCs senescence, and improves the efficacy of transplanted cADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute Reader, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Sherratt MJ, Hopkinson L, Naven M, Hibbert SA, Ozols M, Eckersley A, Newton VL, Bell M, Meng QJ. Circadian rhythms in skin and other elastic tissues. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:97-110. [PMID: 31422155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations that, in mammals, are driven by both a master clock, located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in cells and tissues. Approximately 10% of the transcriptome, including extracellular matrix components, is estimated to be under circadian control. Whilst it has been established that certain collagens and extracellular matrix proteases are diurnally regulated (for example in tendon, cartilage and intervertebral disc) the role played by circadian rhythms in mediating elastic fiber homeostasis is poorly understood. Skin, arteries and lungs are dynamic, resilient, elastic fiber-rich organs and tissues. In skin, circadian rhythms influence cell migration and proliferation, wound healing and susceptibility of the tissues to damage (from protease activity, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation). In the cardiovascular system, blood pressure and heart rate also follow age-dependent circadian rhythms whilst the lungs exhibit diurnal variations in immune response. In order to better understand these processes it will be necessary to characterise diurnal changes in extracellular matrix biology. In particular, given the sensitivity of peripheral clocks to external factors, the timed delivery of interventions (chronotherapy) has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of treatments designed to repair and regenerate damaged cutaneous, vascular and pulmonary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Mark Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Sarah A Hibbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mike Bell
- Walgreens Boots Alliance, Thane Rd, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
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Liu F, Zhang X, Zhao B, Tan X, Wang L, Liu X. Role of Food Phytochemicals in the Modulation of Circadian Clocks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8735-8739. [PMID: 31244204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an intrinsic mechanism of biological adaptation to the cyclical changes of the environment. The circadian rhythm disorders affect the life activities of organisms. A variety of phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and melatonin) reportedly can regulate the expression and rhythm of circadian clock genes and stabilize the internal environment. This perspective focuses on the relationship of circadian clock genes with oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic disorders and emphasizes the regulation of phytochemicals on the circadian clock. Potential mechanisms and applications of supplemental phytochemicals to improve metabolic disorders and circadian rhythm disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Beita Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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Chowdhury D, Wang C, Lu AP, Zhu HL. Understanding Quantitative Circadian Regulations Are Crucial Towards Advancing Chronotherapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080883. [PMID: 31412622 PMCID: PMC6721722 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have a deep impact on most aspects of physiology. In most organisms, especially mammals, the biological rhythms are maintained by the indigenous circadian clockwork around geophysical time (~24-h). These rhythms originate inside cells. Several core components are interconnected through transcriptional/translational feedback loops to generate molecular oscillations. They are tightly controlled over time. Also, they exert temporal controls over many fundamental physiological activities. This helps in coordinating the body’s internal time with the external environments. The mammalian circadian clockwork is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators, which play roles at molecular, cellular, and higher levels. The master oscillation has been found to be developed at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. It acts as the core pacemaker and drives the transmission of the oscillation signals. These signals are distributed across different peripheral tissues through humoral and neural connections. The synchronization among the master oscillator and tissue-specific oscillators offer overall temporal stability to mammals. Recent technological advancements help us to study the circadian rhythms at dynamic scale and systems level. Here, we outline the current understanding of circadian clockwork in terms of molecular mechanisms and interdisciplinary concepts. We have also focused on the importance of the integrative approach to decode several crucial intricacies. This review indicates the emergence of such a comprehensive approach. It will essentially accelerate the circadian research with more innovative strategies, such as developing evidence-based chronotherapeutics to restore de-synchronized circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Chowdhury
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chao Wang
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Hai-Long Zhu
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Relationship between shift work and liver enzymes: a cross-sectional study based on the Korea National Health and Examination Survey (2007-2015). Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e15. [PMID: 31583106 PMCID: PMC6761479 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work has well-known adverse effects on health. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between shift work and hepatic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and abnormal level of liver enzymes. Methods The aggregated data from the 2007–2009, 2010–2012, and 2013–2015 cycles of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for this study. The χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess relationship between shift work and abnormal level of liver enzymes stratified by gender. Results The odds ratio (OR) of abnormal serum level of alanine aminotransferase (abnormal ALT) in female shift workers was higher with 1.31 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.71) compared with day workers after adjusting for covariates. After dividing into subgroups of the shift work pattern, the ORs of abnormal liver enzymes for each pattern compared with day work were not significantly higher. Conclusions This study provides limited support for the hypothesis that shift work is related to liver enzyme abnormalities, but offers some evidence in favor of the idea that shift work affects female workers more than males on abnormal ALT. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between shift work and abnormal liver enzymes to be carried out as well as the gender difference in the association.
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Di Paolo V, Fulci C, Rotili D, Sciarretta F, Lucidi A, Morozzo Della Rocca B, De Luca A, Rosato A, Quintieri L, Caccuri AM. Synthesis and characterisation of a new benzamide-containing nitrobenzoxadiazole as a GSTP1-1 inhibitor endowed with high stability to metabolic hydrolysis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1131-1139. [PMID: 31169043 PMCID: PMC6566875 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1617287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor agent 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)thio)hexan-1-ol (1) is a potent inhibitor of GSTP1-1, a glutathione S-transferase capable of inhibiting apoptosis by binding to JNK1 and TRAF2. We recently demonstrated that, unlike its parent compound, the benzoyl ester of 1 (compound 3) exhibits negligible reactivity towards GSH, and has a different mode of interaction with GSTP1-1. Unfortunately, 3 is susceptible to rapid metabolic hydrolysis. In an effort to improve the metabolic stability of 3, its ester group has been replaced by an amide, leading to N-(6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)thio)hexyl)benzamide (4). Unlike 3, compound 4 was stable to human liver microsomal carboxylesterases, but retained the ability to disrupt the interaction between GSTP1-1 and TRAF2 regardless of GSH levels. Moreover, 4 exhibited both a higher stability in the presence of GSH and a greater cytotoxicity towards cultured A375 melanoma cells, in comparison with 1 and its analog 2. These findings suggest that 4 deserves further preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Paolo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Chiara Fulci
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- c Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarretta
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- c Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Anastasia De Luca
- d Department of Biology , "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- e Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy.,f Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS , Padova , Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,g The NAST Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Innovative Instrumentation , "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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120
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Zhang Z, Hunter L, Wu G, Maidstone R, Mizoro Y, Vonslow R, Fife M, Hopwood T, Begley N, Saer B, Wang P, Cunningham P, Baxter M, Durrington H, Blaikley JF, Hussell T, Rattray M, Hogenesch JB, Gibbs J, Ray DW, Loudon ASI. Genome-wide effect of pulmonary airway epithelial cell-specific Bmal1 deletion. FASEB J 2019; 33:6226-6238. [PMID: 30794439 PMCID: PMC6463917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801682r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary airway epithelial cells (AECs) form a critical interface between host and environment. We investigated the role of the circadian clock using mice bearing targeted deletion of the circadian gene brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) in AECs. Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, biomechanical function, and responses to influenza infection were all disrupted. A circadian time-series RNA sequencing study of laser-captured AECs revealed widespread disruption in genes of the core circadian clock and output pathways regulating cell metabolism (lipids and xenobiotics), extracellular matrix, and chemokine signaling, but strikingly also the gain of a novel rhythmic transcriptome in Bmal1-targeted cells. Many of the rhythmic components were replicated in primary AECs cultured in air-liquid interface, indicating significant cell autonomy for control of pulmonary circadian physiology. Finally, we found that metabolic cues dictate phasing of the pulmonary clock and circadian responses to immunologic challenges. Thus, the local circadian clock in AECs is vital in lung health by coordinating major cell processes such as metabolism and immunity.-Zhang, Z. Hunter, L., Wu, G., Maidstone, R., Mizoro, Y., Vonslow, R., Fife, M., Hopwood, T., Begley, N., Saer, B., Wang, P., Cunningham, P., Baxter, M., Durrington, H., Blaikley, J. F., Hussell, T., Rattray, M., Hogenesch, J. B., Gibbs, J., Ray, D. W., Loudon, A. S. I. Genome-wide effect of pulmonary airway epithelial cell-specific Bmal1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhang
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Hunter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Maidstone
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yasutaka Mizoro
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Vonslow
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fife
- Manchester Center for Collaborative Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hopwood
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Saer
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter Cunningham
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Durrington
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Blaikley
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Center for Collaborative Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julie Gibbs
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Ray
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. I. Loudon
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Health, and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Spiers JG, Breda C, Robinson S, Giorgini F, Steinert JR. Drosophila Nrf2/Keap1 Mediated Redox Signaling Supports Synaptic Function and Longevity and Impacts on Circadian Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:86. [PMID: 31040766 PMCID: PMC6476960 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative conditions and age-related neuropathologies are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cap "n" collar (CncC) family of transcription factors is one of the major cellular system that fights oxidative insults, becoming activated in response to oxidative stress. This transcription factor signaling is conserved from metazoans to human and has a major developmental and disease-associated relevance. An important mammalian member of the CncC family is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which has been studied in numerous cellular systems and represents an important target for drug discovery in different diseases. CncC is negatively regulated by Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) and this interaction provides the basis for a homeostatic control of cellular antioxidant defense. We have utilized the Drosophila model system to investigate the roles of CncC signaling on longevity, neuronal function and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of CncC function on larvae and adult flies following exposure to stress. Our data reveal that constitutive overexpression of CncC modifies synaptic mechanisms that positively impact on neuronal function, and suppression of CncC inhibitor, Keap1, shows beneficial phenotypes on synaptic function and longevity. Moreover, supplementation of antioxidants mimics the effects of augmenting CncC signaling. Under stress conditions, lack of CncC signaling worsens survival rates and neuronal function whilst silencing Keap1 protects against stress-induced neuronal decline. Interestingly, overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of CncC have differential effects on sleep patterns possibly via interactions with redox-sensitive circadian cycles. Thus, our data illustrate the important regulatory potential of CncC signaling in neuronal function and synaptic release affecting multiple aspects within the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Breda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Robinson
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Receno CN, Liang C, Korol DL, Atalay M, Heffernan KS, Brutsaert TD, DeRuisseau KC. Effects of Prolonged Dietary Curcumin Exposure on Skeletal Muscle Biochemical and Functional Responses of Aged Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051178. [PMID: 30866573 PMCID: PMC6429120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from decreased antioxidant protection and increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production may contribute to muscle mass loss and dysfunction during aging. Curcumin is a phenolic compound shown to upregulate antioxidant defenses and directly quench RONS in vivo. This study determined the impact of prolonged dietary curcumin exposure on muscle mass and function of aged rats. Thirty-two-month-old male F344xBN rats were provided a diet with or without 0.2% curcumin for 4 months. The groups included: ad libitum control (CON; n = 18); 0.2% curcumin (CUR; n = 18); and pair-fed (PAIR; n = 18) rats. CUR rats showed lower food intake compared to CON, making PAIR a suitable comparison group. CUR rats displayed larger plantaris mass and force production (vs. PAIR). Nuclear fraction levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related-factor-2 were greater, and oxidative macromolecule damage was lower in CUR (vs. PAIR). There were no significant differences in measures of antioxidant status between any of the groups. No difference in any measure was observed between CUR and CON rats. Thus, consumption of curcumin coupled with reduced food intake imparted beneficial effects on aged skeletal muscle. The benefit of curcumin on aging skeletal muscle should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace N Receno
- 201 Women's Building, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Chen Liang
- 201 Women's Building, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Donna L Korol
- 107 College Place, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Yliopistonranta 1 E, Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- 201 Women's Building, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- 201 Women's Building, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Keith C DeRuisseau
- 201 Women's Building, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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Leng Y, Musiek ES, Hu K, Cappuccio FP, Yaffe K. Association between circadian rhythms and neurodegenerative diseases. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:307-318. [PMID: 30784558 PMCID: PMC6426656 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction in 24-h circadian rhythms is a common occurrence in ageing adults; however, circadian rhythm disruptions are more severe in people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and Parkinson's disease. Manifestations of circadian rhythm disruptions differ according to the type and severity of neurodegenerative disease and, for some patients, occur before the onset of typical clinical symptoms of neurodegeneration. Evidence from preliminary studies suggest that circadian rhythm disruptions, in addition to being a symptom of neurodegeneration, might also be a potential risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and Parkinson's disease, although large, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this relationship. The mechanistic link between circadian rhythms and neurodegeneration is still not fully understood, although proposed underlying pathways include alterations of protein homoeostasis and immune and inflammatory function. While preliminary clinical studies are promising, more studies of circadian rhythm disruptions and its mechanisms are required. Furthermore, clinical trials are needed to determine whether circadian interventions could prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Khan NA, Yogeswaran S, Wang Q, Muthumalage T, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Waterpipe smoke and e-cigarette vapor differentially affect circadian molecular clock gene expression in mouse lungs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211645. [PMID: 30811401 PMCID: PMC6392409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of emerging tobacco products, such as waterpipe or hookah and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), has gained significant popularity and are promoted as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes. Circadian systems are internal biological oscillations that are considered important regulators of immune functions in mammals. Tobacco induced inflammatory lung diseases frequently exhibit time-of-day/night variation in lung function and symptom severity. We investigated the impact of inhaled e-cig vapor and waterpipe smoke (WPS) on pulmonary circadian molecular clock disruption by determining the changes in expression levels and abundance of core clock component genes (BMAL1, CLOCK) and clock-controlled output genes (Rev-erbα, Per2, Rev-erbβ, Cry2, Rorα) in mouse lungs. We showed that the expression levels of these pulmonary core clock genes and clock-controlled output genes were altered significantly following exposure to WPS (Bmal1, Clock, and Rev-erbα). We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine. Thus, acute exposure to WPS and e-cig vapor containing nicotine contributes to altered expression of circadian molecular clock genes in mouse lungs, which may have repercussions on lung cellular and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shaiesh Yogeswaran
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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125
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Fogle KJ, Mobini CL, Paseos AS, Palladino MJ. Sleep and circadian defects in a Drosophila model of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 6:44-52. [PMID: 30868108 PMCID: PMC6411073 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (ME) are complex, incurable diseases characterized by severe bioenergetic distress that can affect the function of all major organ systems but is especially taxing to neuromuscular tissues. Animal models of MEs are rare, but the Drosophila ATP61 mutant is a stable, well-characterized genetic line that accurately models progressive human mitochondrial diseases such as Maternally-Inherited Leigh Syndrome (MILS), Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP), and Familial Bilateral Striatal Necrosis (FBSN). While it is established that this model exhibits important hallmarks of ME, including excess cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, shortened lifespan, muscle degeneration, and stress-induced seizures, it is unknown whether it exhibits defects in sleep or circadian function. This is a clinically relevant question, as many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by such disturbances, which can exacerbate other symptoms and worsen quality of life. Since Drosophila is highly amenable to sleep and circadian studies, we asked whether we could detect disease phenotypes in the circadian behaviors of ATP61. Indeed, we found that day-time and night-time activity and sleep are altered through disease progression, and that circadian patterns are disrupted at both the behavioral and neuronal levels. These results establish ATP61 as an important model of sleep and circadian disruption in ME that can be studied mechanistically at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral level to uncover underlying pathophysiology and test novel therapies. A Drosophila model of mitochondrial disease (ATP61) displays altered sleep patterns. ATP61 sleep quantity and consolidation are reduced in advanced disease. ATP61 is behaviorally arrhythmic under conditions of constant darkness. Selected neurons of the circadian circuit display altered daily firing rates in ATP61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri J. Fogle
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherina L. Mobini
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abygail S. Paseos
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Zhang J, Geng H, Liu L, Zhang H. Synergistic cytotoxicity of homoharringtonine and etoposide in acute myeloid leukemia cells involves disrupted antioxidant defense. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1023-1032. [PMID: 30774430 PMCID: PMC6349074 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Cytotoxicity induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to investigate whether ROS contributes to cytotoxicity in AML cells when treated with homoharringtonine (HHT) and etoposide (ETP) in combination. Methods AML cell lines THP1 and HL60 and primary AML cells from patients were treated with HHT and ETP alone or in combination, and cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion test, and apoptosis was analyzed by annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining as well as Western blot for measuring expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. Intracellular ROS level was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence assay, and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used to scavenge intracellular ROS. Retroviral infection was applied to mediate stable overexpression in AML cells. Results We show that HHT and ETP exhibit synergistic cytotoxicity in AML cell lines and primary AML cells in vitro, and meanwhile, HHT causes elevated ROS generation in ETP-treated AML cells. We next reveal that the elevated ROS is a critical factor for the synergistic cytotoxicity, since ROS scavenge by NAC remarkably diminishes this effect. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HHT causes elevated ROS generation by disabling thioredoxin-mediated antioxidant defense. Finally, similar to HHT treatment, depletion of thioredoxin sensitizes AML to ETP treatment. Conclusion These results provide the foundation for augmenting the efficacy of ETP in treating AML with HHT, and also highlight the importance of targeting ROS in improving treatment outcome in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Huayun Geng
- Department of Hematology, Dongchangfu People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China,
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Qi G, Wu W, Mi Y, Shi R, Sun K, Li R, Liu X, Liu X. Tea polyphenols direct Bmal1-driven ameliorating of the redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:181-193. [PMID: 30316844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intimately linked to cellular redox status homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Tea polyphenols (TP) are nutraceuticals that possess powerful antioxidant properties, especially ameliorating oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circadian clock is involved in the protection effect of TP on oxidative stress cell models. TP ameliorate H2O2-triggered relatively shallow daily oscillations and phase shift of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression. Meanwhile, TP attenuate H2O2-stimulated excessive secretions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore the depletions of mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Furthermore, TP treatment accelerates nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and modulates the downstream expressions of antioxidant enzymes. Intriguingly, knockdown of Bmal1 notably blocked Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 redox-sensitive transcription pathway. Our study revealed that TP, as a Bmal1-enhancing natural compound, alleviated redox imbalance via strengthening Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in a Bmal1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Keyu Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Kwon EY, Shin SK, Choi MS. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm Pathway in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1719. [PMID: 30423963 PMCID: PMC6266464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to elucidate the effects of long-term supplementation with dietary ursolic acid (UR) on obesity and associated comorbidities by analyzing transcriptional and metabolic responses, focusing on the role of UR in the modulation of the circadian rhythm pathway in particular. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat + 0.05% (w/w) UR diet for 16 weeks. Oligonucleotide microarray profiling revealed that UR is an effective regulator of the liver transcriptome, and canonical pathways associated with the "circadian rhythm" and "extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interactions" were effectively regulated by UR in the liver. UR altered the expression of various clock and clock-controlled genes (CCGs), which may be linked to the improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis via lipid metabolism control and detoxification enhancement. UR reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, adipokine/cytokine dysregulation, and ECM accumulation in the liver, which also contributed to improve hepatic lipotoxicity and fibrosis. Moreover, UR improved pancreatic islet dysfunction, and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby reducing obesity-associated insulin resistance. Therapeutic approaches targeting hepatic circadian clock and CCGs using UR may ameliorate the deleterious effects of diet-induced obesity and associated complications such as hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 82601, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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129
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Rogers EH, Hunt JA, Pekovic-Vaughan V. Adult stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration around the clock: do impaired stem cell clocks drive age-associated tissue degeneration? Biogerontology 2018; 19:497-517. [PMID: 30374678 PMCID: PMC6223734 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adult stem cell research is a highly prolific area in modern tissue engineering as these cells have significant potential to provide future cellular therapies for the world's increasingly aged population. Cellular therapies require a smart biomaterial to deliver and localise the cell population; protecting and guiding the stem cells toward predetermined lineage-specific pathways. The cells, in turn, can provide protection to biomaterials and increase its longevity. The right combination of stem cells and biomaterials can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy. Adult stem cells are utilised to target many changes that negatively impact tissue functions with age. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to changes brought about by the ageing process is imperative as ageing leads to many detrimental effects on stem cell activation, maintenance and differentiation. The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism that coordinates physiology, metabolism and behavior with the 24 h solar day to provide temporal tissue homeostasis with the external environment. Circadian rhythms deteriorate with age at both the behavioural and molecular levels, leading to age-associated changes in downstream rhythmic tissue physiology in humans and rodent models. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell maintenance, driven by both cell-autonomous and tissue-specific factors, and the mechanisms by which they co-opt various cellular signaling pathways to impose temporal control on stem cell function. Future research investigating pharmacological and lifestyle interventions by which circadian rhythms within adult stem niches can be manipulated will provide avenues for temporally guided cellular therapies and smart biomaterials to ameliorate age-related tissue deterioration and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve H Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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130
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Sardon Puig L, Valera-Alberni M, Cantó C, Pillon NJ. Circadian Rhythms and Mitochondria: Connecting the Dots. Front Genet 2018; 9:452. [PMID: 30349557 PMCID: PMC6187225 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms provide a selective advantage by anticipating organismal nutrient needs and guaranteeing optimal metabolic capacity during active hours. Impairment of circadian rhythms is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and emerging evidence suggests that metabolic diseases are linked to perturbed clock machinery. The circadian clock regulates many transcriptional–translational processes influencing whole cell metabolism and particularly mitochondrial activity. In this review, we survey the current literature related to cross-talks between mitochondria and the circadian clock and unravel putative molecular links. Understanding the mechanisms that link metabolism and circadian responses to transcriptional modifications will provide valuable insights toward innovative therapeutic strategies to combat the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sardon Puig
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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131
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Lung physiology and defense. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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132
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Early JO, Menon D, Wyse CA, Cervantes-Silva MP, Zaslona Z, Carroll RG, Palsson-McDermott EM, Angiari S, Ryan DG, Corcoran SE, Timmons G, Geiger SS, Fitzpatrick DJ, O'Connell D, Xavier RJ, Hokamp K, O'Neill LAJ, Curtis AM. Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates IL-1β in macrophages via NRF2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8460-E8468. [PMID: 30127006 PMCID: PMC6130388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800431115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of innate immune responses and functions are dependent on time of day, and many inflammatory conditions are associated with dysfunctional molecular clocks within immune cells. However, the functional importance of these innate immune clocks has yet to be fully characterized. NRF2 plays a critical role in the innate immune system, limiting inflammation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) suppression and direct repression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6. Here we reveal that the core molecular clock protein, BMAL1, controls the mRNA expression of Nrf2 via direct E-box binding to its promoter to regulate its activity. Deletion of Bmal1 decreased the response of NRF2 to LPS challenge, resulting in a blunted antioxidant response and reduced synthesis of glutathione. ROS accumulation was increased in Bmal1-/- macrophages, facilitating accumulation of the hypoxic response protein, HIF-1α. Increased ROS and HIF-1α levels, as well as decreased activity of NRF2 in cells lacking BMAL1, resulted in increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. The excessive prooxidant and proinflammatory phenotype of Bmal1-/- macrophages was rescued by genetic and pharmacological activation of NRF2, or through addition of antioxidants. Our findings uncover a clear role for the molecular clock in regulating NRF2 in innate immune cells to control the inflammatory response. These findings provide insights into the pathology of inflammatory conditions, in which the molecular clock, oxidative stress, and IL-1β are known to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Early
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deepthi Menon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cathy A Wyse
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mariana P Cervantes-Silva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eva M Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefano Angiari
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dylan G Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah E Corcoran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - George Timmons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah S Geiger
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Darren J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Connell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering Regenerative Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland;
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Teskey G, Abrahem R, Cao R, Gyurjian K, Islamoglu H, Lucero M, Martinez A, Paredes E, Salaiz O, Robinson B, Venketaraman V. Glutathione as a Marker for Human Disease. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 87:141-159. [PMID: 30342710 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as "the master antioxidant," participates not only in antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be overstated. GSH deficiency causes cellular risk for oxidative damage and thus as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of pathological conditions including tuberculosis (TB), HIV, diabetes, cancer, and aging. Consequently, it is not surprising that GSH has attracted the attention of biological researchers and pharmacologists alike as a possible target for medical intervention. Here, we discuss the role GSH plays amongst these pathological conditions to illuminate how it can be used as a marker for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Teskey
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Abrahem
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States; College of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Karo Gyurjian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hicret Islamoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Lucero
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Martinez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Erik Paredes
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Oscar Salaiz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Brittanie Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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Keenan CR, Langenbach SY, Jativa F, Harris T, Li M, Chen Q, Xia Y, Gao B, Schuliga MJ, Jaffar J, Prodanovic D, Tu Y, Berhan A, Lee PVS, Westall GP, Stewart AG. Casein Kinase 1δ/ε Inhibitor, PF670462 Attenuates the Fibrogenic Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:738. [PMID: 30042678 PMCID: PMC6048361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a major mediator of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, therapeutic global inhibition of TGF-β is limited by unwanted immunosuppression and mitral valve defects. We performed an extensive literature search to uncover a little-known connection between TGF-β signaling and casein kinase (CK) activity. We have examined the abundance of CK1 delta and epsilon (CK1δ/ε) in lung tissue from IPF patients and non-diseased controls, and investigated whether inhibition of CK1δ/ε with PF670462 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis. CK1δ/ε levels in lung tissue from IPF patients and non-diseased controls were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Anti-fibrotic effects of the CK1δ/ε inhibitor PF670462 were assessed in pre-clinical models, including acute and chronic bleomycin mouse models and in vitro experiments on spheroids made from primary human lung fibroblast cells from IPF and control donors, and human A549 alveolar-like adenocarcinoma-derived epithelial cells. Increased expression of CK1δ and ε in IPF lungs compared to non-diseased controls was accompanied by increased levels of the product, phospho-period 2. In vitro, PF670462 prevented TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The stiffness of IPF-derived spheroids was reduced by PF670462 and TGF-β-induced fibrogenic gene expression was inhibited. The CK1δ/ε inhibitor PF670462 administered systemically or locally by inhalation prevented both acute and chronic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. PF670462 administered in a 'therapeutic' regimen (day 7 onward) prevented bleomycin-induced lung collagen accumulation. Elevated expression and activity of CK1 δ and ε in IPF and anti-fibrogenic effects of the dual CK1δ/ε inhibitor, PF670462, support CK1δ/ε as novel therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Keenan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shenna Y Langenbach
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando Jativa
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trudi Harris
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Meina Li
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxiu Xia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan Gao
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Schuliga
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jade Jaffar
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danica Prodanovic
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan Tu
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Asres Berhan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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135
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, Crespo I, San-Miguel B, de Urbina JO, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin Attenuates Dysregulation of the Circadian Clock Pathway in Mice With CCl 4-Induced Fibrosis and Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 29892224 PMCID: PMC5985434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the circadian clock machinery is a critical mechanism in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the antifibrotic effect of melatonin is associated with attenuation of circadian clock pathway disturbances in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and in human hepatic stellate cells line LX2. Mice received CCl4 5 μL/g body weight i.p. twice a week for 4 or 6 weeks. Melatonin was given at 5 or 10 mg/kg/day i.p., beginning 2 weeks after the start of CCl4 administration. Treatment with CCl4 resulted in fibrosis evidenced by the staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells and a significant decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) expression. CCl4 led to a lower expression of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), period 1–3 (PER1, 2, and 3), cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and 2) and the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORα). The expression of the nuclear receptor REV-ERBα showed a significant increase. Melatonin significantly prevented all these changes. We also found that melatonin (100 or 500 μM) potentiated the inhibitory effect of REV-ERB ligand SR9009 on α-SMA and collagen1 expression and increased the expression of PPARα in LX2 cells. Analysis of circadian clock machinery revealed that melatonin or SR9009 exposure upregulated BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, CRY1, and RORα expression, with a higher effect of combined treatment. Findings from this study give new insight into molecular pathways accounting for the protective effect of melatonin in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana I Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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136
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Cameron BD, Sekhar KR, Ofori M, Freeman ML. The Role of Nrf2 in the Response to Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2018; 190:99-106. [PMID: 29799319 DOI: 10.1667/rr15059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is an important modulator of antioxidant and drug metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as heme and iron metabolism. Regulation of Nrf2 expression occurs transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Post-transcriptional regulation entails ubiquitination followed by proteasome-dependent degradation. Additionally, Nrf2-mediated gene expression is subject to negative regulation by ATF3, Bach1 and cMyc. Nrf2-mediated gene expression is an important regulator of a cell's response to radiation. Although a majority of studies have shown that Nrf2 deficient cells are radiosensitized and Nrf2 over expression confers radioresistance, Nrf2's role in mediating the radiation response of crypt cells is controversial. The Nrf2 activator CDDO attenuates radiation-mediated crypt injury, whereas intestinal crypts in Nrf2 null mice are radiation resistant. Further investigation is needed in order to define the relationship between Nrf2 and radiation sensitivity in Lgr5+ and Bmi1+ cells that regulate regeneration of crypt stem cells. In hematopoietic compartments Nrf2 promotes the survival of irradiated osteoblasts that support long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) niches. Loss of Nrf2 in LT-HSCs increases stem cell intrinsic radiosensitivity, with the consequence of lowering the LD5030. An Nrf2 deficiency drives LT-HSCs from a quiescent to a proliferative state. This results in hematopoietic exhaustion and reduced engraftment after myoablative irradiation. The question of whether induction of Nrf2 in LT-HSC enhances hematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation is not yet resolved. Irradiation of the lung induces pulmonary pneumonitis and fibrosis. Loss of Nrf2 promotes TGF-β/Smad signaling that induces ATF3 suppression of Nrf2-mediated target gene expression. This, in turn, results in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and isolevuglandin adduction of protein that impairs collagen degradation, and may contribute to radiation-induced chronic cell injury. Loss of Nrf2 impairs ΔNp63 stem/progenitor cell mobilization after irradiation, while promoting alveolar type 2 cell epithelial-mesenchymal transitions into myofibroblasts. These studies identify Nrf2 as an important factor in the radiation response of normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Cameron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Konjeti R Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maxwell Ofori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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137
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Haberzettl P. Circadian toxicity of environmental pollution. Inhalation of polluted air to give a precedent. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:16-24. [PMID: 30931418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to environmental stressors that derive from pollution (e.g. air, light) or lifestyle choices (e.g. diet, activity, 24-hour-×-7-day) are associated with adverse human health outcomes. For instance, there is evidence that air pollution exposure and changes in sleep/wake pattern increase the risk for vascular and cardiometabolic disorders. Interestingly, air pollution exposure affects pulmonary and cardiovascular functions that follow circadian rhythmicity and increases the risk for pulmonary and cardiovascular events that occur in diurnal patterns suggesting a link between air pollution induced cardiovascular and pulmonary injury and changes in circadian rhythm. Indeed, recent research identified circadian rhythm as an air pollution target and circadian rhythm as factor that increases air pollution sensitivity. Using air pollution exposure as precedent, this review highlights research on how environmental pollution affect circadian rhythm and how circadian rhythm affects the toxicity of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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138
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Abstract
Mounting evidence in recent years supports the extensive interaction between the circadian and redox systems. The existence of such a relationship is not surprising because most organisms, be they diurnal or nocturnal, display daily oscillations in energy intake, locomotor activity, and exposure to exogenous and internally generated oxidants. The transcriptional clock controls the levels of many antioxidant proteins and redox-active cofactors, and, conversely, the cellular redox poise has been shown to feed back to the transcriptional oscillator via redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes. However, the circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins constituted the first example of an autonomous circadian redox oscillation, which occurred independently of the transcriptional clock. Importantly, the high phylogenetic conservation of these rhythms suggests that they might predate the evolution of the transcriptional oscillator, and therefore could be a part of a primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator. This discovery forced the reappraisal of the dogmatic transcription-centered view of the clockwork and opened a new avenue of research. Indeed, the investigation into the links between the circadian and redox systems is still in its infancy, and many important questions remain to be addressed.
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139
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Lee J, Ma K, Moulik M, Yechoor V. Untimely oxidative stress in β-cells leads to diabetes - Role of circadian clock in β-cell function. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:69-74. [PMID: 29458148 PMCID: PMC5910243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from a loss of β-cell function. With the number of people with diabetes reaching epidemic proportions globally, understanding mechanisms that are contributing to this increasing prevalence is critical. One such factor has been circadian disruption, with shift-work, light pollution, jet-lag, increased screen time, all acting as potential contributory factors. Though circadian disruption has been epidemiologically associated with diabetes and other metabolic disorders for many decades, it is only recently that there has been a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Experimental circadian disruption, via manipulation of environmental or genetic factors using gene-deletion mouse models, has demonstrated the importance of circadian rhythms in whole body metabolism. Genetic disruption of core clock genes, specifically in the β-cells in mice, have, now demonstrated the importance of the intrinsic β-cell clock in regulating function. Recent work has also shown the interaction of the circadian clock and enhancers in β-cells, indicating a highly integrated regulation of transcription and cellular function by the circadian clock. Disruption of either the whole body or only the β-cell clock leads to significant impairment of mitochondrial function, uncoupling, impaired vesicular transport, oxidative stress in β-cells and finally impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and diabetes. In this review, we explore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating oxidative stress and preserving β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop, BST-1058W, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - K Ma
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - M Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - V Yechoor
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop, BST-1058W, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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140
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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141
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Nakahata Y, Yasukawa S, Khaidizar FD, Shimba S, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Bmal1-deficient mouse fibroblast cells do not provide premature cellular senescence in vitro. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:730-738. [PMID: 29372841 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1430038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bmal1 is a core circadian clock gene. Bmal1-/- mice show disruption of the clock and premature aging phenotypes with a short lifespan. However, little is known whether disruption of Bmal1 leads to premature aging at cellular level. Here, we established primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells derived from Bmal1-/- mice and investigated its effects on cellular senescence. Unexpectedly, Bmal1-/- primary MEFs that showed disrupted circadian oscillation underwent neither premature replicative nor stress-induced cellular senescence. Our results therefore uncover that Bmal1 is not required for in vitro cellular senescence, suggesting that circadian clock does not control in vitro cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shiori Yasukawa
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- b Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Funabashi , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
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142
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Sundar IK, Sellix MT, Rahman I. Redox regulation of circadian molecular clock in chronic airway diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:121-128. [PMID: 29097215 PMCID: PMC5910271 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At the cellular level, circadian timing is maintained by the molecular clock, a family of interacting clock gene transcription factors, nuclear receptors and kinases called clock genes. Daily rhythms in pulmonary function are dictated by the circadian timing system, including rhythmic susceptibility to the harmful effects of airborne pollutants, exacerbations in patients with chronic airway disease and the immune-inflammatory response to infection. Further, evidence strongly suggests that the circadian molecular clock has a robust reciprocal interaction with redox signaling and plays a considerable role in the response to oxidative/carbonyl stress. Disruption of the circadian timing system, particularly in airway cells, impairs pulmonary rhythms and lung function, enhances oxidative stress due to airway inhaled pollutants like cigarette smoke and airborne particulate matter and leads to enhanced inflammosenescence, inflammasome activation, DNA damage and fibrosis. Herein, we briefly review recent evidence supporting the role of the lung molecular clock and redox signaling in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage responses in lung diseases and their exacerbations. We further describe the potential for clock genes as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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143
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Kinoshita C, Aoyama K, Nakaki T. Neuroprotection afforded by circadian regulation of intracellular glutathione levels: A key role for miRNAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:17-33. [PMID: 29198727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-h oscillations of physiological and behavioral processes that allow us to adapt to daily environmental cycles. Like many other biological functions, cellular redox status and antioxidative defense systems display circadian rhythmicity. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutathione (GSH) is a critical antioxidant because the CNS is extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress; oxidative stress, in turn, causes several fatal diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. It has long been known that GSH level shows circadian rhythm, although the mechanism underlying GSH rhythm production has not been well-studied. Several lines of recent evidence indicate that the expression of antioxidant genes involved in GSH homeostasis as well as circadian clock genes are regulated by post-transcriptional regulator microRNA (miRNA), indicating that miRNA plays a key role in generating GSH rhythm. Interestingly, several reports have shown that alterations of miRNA expression as well as circadian rhythm have been known to link with various diseases related to oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence implicates a strong correlation between antioxidative defense, circadian rhythm and miRNA function, therefore, their dysfunctions could cause numerous diseases. It is hoped that continued elucidation of the antioxidative defense systems controlled by novel miRNA regulation under circadian control will advance the development of therapeutics for the diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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144
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Tahara Y, Shibata S. Entrainment of the mouse circadian clock: Effects of stress, exercise, and nutrition. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:129-138. [PMID: 29277444 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system in mammals plays a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis. Entrainment is an important characteristic of the internal clock, by which appropriate timing is maintained according to external daily stimuli, such as light, stress, exercise, and/or food. Disorganized entrainment or a misaligned clock time, such as jet lag, increases health disturbances. The central clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, located in the hypothalamus, receives information about arousal stimuli, such as physical stress or exercise, and changes the clock time by modifying neural activity or the expression of circadian clock genes. Although feeding stimuli cannot entrain the central clock in a normal light-dark cycle, the central clock can partially detect the metabolic status. Local clocks in the peripheral tissues, including liver and kidney, have a strong direct response to the external stimuli of stress, exercise, and/or food that is independent of the central clock. The mechanism underlying entrainment by stress/exercise is mediated by glucocorticoids, sympathetic nerves, oxidative stress, hypoxia, pH, cytokines, and temperature. Food/nutrition-induced entrainment is mediated by fasting-induced hormonal or metabolic changes and re-feeding-induced insulin or oxyntomodulin secretion. Chrono-nutrition is a clinical application based on chronobiology research. Future studies are required to elucidate the effects of eating and nutrient composition on the human circadian clock. Here, we focus on the central and peripheral clocks mostly in rodents' studies and review the findings of recent investigations of the effects of stress, exercise, and food on the entrainment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tahara
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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145
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The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:255-265. [PMID: 29759891 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian abnormalities are prevalent and burdensome manifestations of diverse neuro-immune diseases, and may aggravate the course of several neuropsychiatric disorders. The underlying pathophysiology of sleep abnormalities across neuropsychiatric disorders remains unclear, and may involve the inter-play of several clinical variables and mechanistic pathways. In this review, we propose a heuristic framework in which reciprocal interactions of immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and mitochondrial pathways may drive sleep abnormalities across potentially neuroprogressive disorders. Specifically, it is proposed that systemic inflammation may activate microglial cells and astrocytes in brain regions involved in sleep and circadian regulation. Activated glial cells may secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha), nitric oxide and gliotransmitters, which may influence the expression of key circadian regulators (e.g., the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene). Furthermore, sleep disruption may further aggravate oxidative and nitrosative, peripheral immune activation, and (neuro) inflammation across these disorders in a vicious pathophysiological loop. This review will focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder, and multiple sclerosis as exemplars of neuro-immune disorders. We conclude that novel therapeutic targets exploring immune and oxidative & nitrosative pathways (p.e. melatonin and molecular hydrogen) hold promise in alleviating sleep and circadian dysfunction in these disorders.
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146
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Magalhães-Marques KK, Kinker GS, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Castrucci AMDL. Non-Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Induces Chronodisruption in Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1065. [PMID: 29614021 PMCID: PMC5979525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological clock has received increasing interest due to its key role in regulating body homeostasis in a time-dependent manner. Cancer development and progression has been linked to a disrupted molecular clock; however, in melanoma, the role of the biological clock is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of the tumor on its micro- (TME) and macro-environments (TMaE) in a non-metastatic melanoma model. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with murine B16-F10 melanoma cells and 2 weeks later the animals were euthanized every 6 h during 24 h. The presence of a localized tumor significantly impaired the biological clock of tumor-adjacent skin and affected the oscillatory expression of genes involved in light- and thermo-reception, proliferation, melanogenesis, and DNA repair. The expression of tumor molecular clock was significantly reduced compared to healthy skin but still displayed an oscillatory profile. We were able to cluster the affected genes using a human database and distinguish between primary melanoma and healthy skin. The molecular clocks of lungs and liver (common sites of metastasis), and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were significantly affected by tumor presence, leading to chronodisruption in each organ. Taken altogether, the presence of non-metastatic melanoma significantly impairs the organism's biological clocks. We suggest that the clock alterations found in TME and TMaE could impact development, progression, and metastasis of melanoma; thus, making the molecular clock an interesting pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Keila Karoline Magalhães-Marques
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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147
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Putker M, Crosby P, Feeney KA, Hoyle NP, Costa ASH, Gaude E, Frezza C, O'Neill JS. Mammalian Circadian Period, But Not Phase and Amplitude, Is Robust Against Redox and Metabolic Perturbations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:507-520. [PMID: 28506121 PMCID: PMC5806070 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circadian rhythms permeate all levels of biology to temporally regulate cell and whole-body physiology, although the cell-autonomous mechanism that confers ∼24-h periodicity is incompletely understood. Reports describing circadian oscillations of over-oxidized peroxiredoxin abundance have suggested that redox signaling plays an important role in the timekeeping mechanism. Here, we tested the functional contribution that redox state and primary metabolism make to mammalian cellular timekeeping. RESULTS We found a circadian rhythm in flux through primary glucose metabolic pathways, indicating rhythmic NAD(P)H production. Using pharmacological and genetic perturbations, however, we found that timekeeping was insensitive to changes in glycolytic flux, whereas oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) inhibition and other chronic redox stressors primarily affected circadian gene expression amplitude, not periodicity. Finally, acute changes in redox state decreased PER2 protein stability, phase dependently, to alter the subsequent phase of oscillation. INNOVATION Circadian rhythms in primary cellular metabolism and redox state have been proposed to play a role in the cellular timekeeping mechanism. We present experimental data testing that hypothesis. CONCLUSION Circadian flux through primary metabolism is cell autonomous, driving rhythmic NAD(P)+ redox cofactor turnover and maintaining a redox balance that is permissive for circadian gene expression cycles. Redox homeostasis and PPP flux, but not glycolysis, are necessary to maintain clock amplitude, but neither redox nor glucose metabolism determines circadian period. Furthermore, cellular rhythms are sensitive to acute changes in redox balance, at least partly through regulation of PER protein. Redox and metabolic state are, thus, both inputs and outputs, but not state variables, of cellular circadian timekeeping. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 507-520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrit Putker
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Crosby
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Feeney
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John S O'Neill
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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148
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Wible RS, Ramanathan C, Sutter CH, Olesen KM, Kensler TW, Liu AC, Sutter TR. NRF2 regulates core and stabilizing circadian clock loops, coupling redox and timekeeping in Mus musculus. eLife 2018; 7:e31656. [PMID: 29481323 PMCID: PMC5826263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal oscillation of intracellular redox potential is known to couple metabolism with the circadian clock, yet the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that chemical activation of NRF2 modifies circadian gene expression and rhythmicity, with phenotypes similar to genetic NRF2 activation. Loss of Nrf2 function in mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and liver also altered circadian rhythms, suggesting that NRF2 stoichiometry and/or timing of expression are important to timekeeping in some cells. Consistent with this concept, activation of NRF2 at a circadian time corresponding to the peak generation of endogenous oxidative signals resulted in NRF2-dependent reinforcement of circadian amplitude. In hepatocytes, activated NRF2 bound specific enhancer regions of the core clock repressor gene Cry2, increased Cry2 expression and repressed CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated E-box transcription. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Wible
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | | | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Kristin M Olesen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrew C Liu
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
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149
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Novel treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease: insights from the animal kingdom. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:265-284. [PMID: 29332935 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the >2 million animal species that inhabit Earth have developed survival mechanisms that aid in the prevention of obesity, kidney disease, starvation, dehydration and vascular ageing; however, some animals remain susceptible to these complications. Domestic and captive wild felids, for example, show susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially linked to the high protein intake of these animals. By contrast, naked mole rats are a model of longevity and are protected from extreme environmental conditions through mechanisms that provide resistance to oxidative stress. Biomimetic studies suggest that the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) offers protection in extreme environmental conditions and promotes longevity in the animal kingdom. Similarly, during months of fasting, immobilization and anuria, hibernating bears are protected from muscle wasting, azotaemia, thrombotic complications, organ damage and osteoporosis - features that are often associated with CKD. Improved understanding of the susceptibility and protective mechanisms of these animals and others could provide insights into novel strategies to prevent and treat several human diseases, such as CKD and ageing-associated complications. An integrated collaboration between nephrologists and experts from other fields, such as veterinarians, zoologists, biologists, anthropologists and ecologists, could introduce a novel approach for improving human health and help nephrologists to find novel treatment strategies for CKD.
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150
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Circadian modification network of a core clock driver BMAL1 to harmonize physiology from brain to peripheral tissues. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:11-16. [PMID: 29305918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks dictate various physiological functions by brain SCN (a central clock) -orchestrating the temporal harmony of peripheral clocks of tissues/organs in the whole body, with adaptability to environments by resetting their timings. Dysfunction of this circadian adaptation system (CAS) occasionally causes/exacerbates diseases. CAS is based on cell-autonomous molecular clocks, which oscillate via a core transcriptional/translational feedback loop with clock genes/proteins, e.g., BMAL1: CLOCK circadian transcription driver and CRY1/2 and PER1/2 suppressors, and is modulated by various regulatory loops including clock protein modifications. Among mutants with a single clock gene, BMAL1-deficient mice exhibit the most drastic loss of circadian functions. Here, we highlight on numerous circadian protein modifications of mammalian BMAL1, e.g., multiple phosphorylations, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation and S-nitrosylation, which mutually interplay to control molecular clocks and coordinate physiological functions from the brain to peripheral tissues through the input and output of the clocks.
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