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Aleman F, Yazaki J, Lee M, Takahashi Y, Kim AY, Li Z, Kinoshita T, Ecker JR, Schroeder JI. An ABA-increased interaction of the PYL6 ABA receptor with MYC2 Transcription Factor: A putative link of ABA and JA signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28941. [PMID: 27357749 DOI: 10.1038/srep2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that mediates abiotic stress tolerance and regulates growth and development. ABA binds to members of the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family that initiate signal transduction inhibiting type 2C protein phosphatases. Although crosstalk between ABA and the hormone Jasmonic Acid (JA) has been shown, the molecular entities that mediate this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. We report a link between ABA and JA signaling through a direct interaction of the ABA receptor PYL6 (RCAR9) with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in yeast two hybrid assays and the interaction is enhanced in the presence of ABA. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in planta based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation of the proteins. Furthermore, PYL6 was able to modify transcription driven by MYC2 using JAZ6 and JAZ8 DNA promoter elements in yeast one hybrid assays. Finally, pyl6 T-DNA mutant plants show an increased sensitivity to the addition of JA along with ABA in cotyledon expansion experiments. Overall, the present study identifies a direct mechanism for transcriptional modulation mediated by an ABA receptor different from the core ABA signaling pathway, and a putative mechanistic link connecting ABA and JA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aleman
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junshi Yazaki
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Melissa Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Alice Y Kim
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Zixing Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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102
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Simeunovic A, Mair A, Wurzinger B, Teige M. Know where your clients are: subcellular localization and targets of calcium-dependent protein kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3855-72. [PMID: 27117335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are at the forefront of decoding transient Ca(2+) signals into physiological responses. They play a pivotal role in many aspects of plant life starting from pollen tube growth, during plant development, and in stress response to senescence and cell death. At the cellular level, Ca(2+) signals have a distinct, narrow distribution, thus requiring a conjoined localization of the decoders. Accordingly, most CDPKs have a distinct subcellular distribution which enables them to 'sense' the local Ca(2+) concentration and to interact specifically with their targets. Here we present a comprehensive overview of identified CDPK targets and discuss them in the context of kinase-substrate specificity and subcellular distribution of the CDPKs. This is particularly relevant for calcium-mediated phosphorylation where different CDPKs, as well as other kinases, were frequently reported to be involved in the regulation of the same target. However, often these studies were not performed in an in situ context. Thus, considering the specific expression patterns, distinct subcellular distribution, and different Ca(2+) affinities of CDPKs will narrow down the number of potential CDPKs for one given target. A number of aspects still remain unresolved, giving rise to pending questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Simeunovic
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mair
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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103
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Zhu M, Monroe JG, Suhail Y, Villiers F, Mullen J, Pater D, Hauser F, Jeon BW, Bader JS, Kwak JM, Schroeder JI, McKay JK, Assmann SM. Molecular and systems approaches towards drought-tolerant canola crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1169-1189. [PMID: 26879345 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
1169 I. 1170 II. 1170 III. 1172 IV. 1176 V. 1181 VI. 1182 1183 References 1183 SUMMARY: Modern agriculture is facing multiple challenges including the necessity for a substantial increase in production to meet the needs of a burgeoning human population. Water shortage is a deleterious consequence of both population growth and climate change and is one of the most severe factors limiting global crop productivity. Brassica species, particularly canola varieties, are cultivated worldwide for edible oil, animal feed, and biodiesel, and suffer dramatic yield loss upon drought stress. The recent release of the Brassica napus genome supplies essential genetic information to facilitate identification of drought-related genes and provides new information for agricultural improvement in this species. Here we summarize current knowledge regarding drought responses of canola, including physiological and -omics effects of drought. We further discuss knowledge gained through translational biology based on discoveries in the closely related reference species Arabidopsis thaliana and through genetic strategies such as genome-wide association studies and analysis of natural variation. Knowledge of drought tolerance/resistance responses in canola together with research outcomes arising from new technologies and methodologies will inform novel strategies for improvement of drought tolerance and yield in this and other important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Florent Villiers
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jack Mullen
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dianne Pater
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-016, USA
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-016, USA
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - June M Kwak
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-016, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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104
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Alqurashi M, Gehring C, Marondedze C. Changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana Proteome Implicate cAMP in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses and Changes in Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E852. [PMID: 27258261 PMCID: PMC4926386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is increasingly recognized as having many different roles in plant responses to environmental stimuli. To gain further insights into these roles, Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture was treated with 100 nM of cell permeant 8-bromo-cAMP for 5 or 10 min. Here, applying mass spectrometry and comparative proteomics, 20 proteins were identified as differentially expressed and we noted a specific bias in proteins with a role in abiotic stress, particularly cold and salinity, biotic stress as well as proteins with a role in glycolysis. These findings suggest that cAMP is sufficient to elicit specific stress responses that may in turn induce complex changes to cellular energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Alqurashi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Chris Gehring
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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105
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Shang Y, Dai C, Lee MM, Kwak JM, Nam KH. BRI1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 Regulates Guard Cell ABA Signaling Mediated by Open Stomata 1 in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:447-460. [PMID: 26724418 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements are critical in regulating gas exchange for photosynthesis and water balance between plant tissues and the atmosphere. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays key roles in regulating stomatal closure under various abiotic stresses. In this study, we revealed a novel role of BAK1 in guard cell ABA signaling. We found that the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling mutant bak1 lost more water than wild-type plants and showed ABA insensitivity in stomatal closure. ABA-induced OST1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were also impaired in bak1. Unlike direct treatment with H2O2, overexpression of OST1 did not completely rescue the insensitivity of bak1 to ABA. We demonstrated that BAK1 forms a complex with OST1 near the plasma membrane and that the BAK1/OST1 complex is increased in response to ABA in planta. Brassinolide, the most active BR, exerted a negative effect on ABA-induced formation of the BAK1/OST1 complex and OST1 expression. Moreover, we found that BAK1 and ABI1 oppositely regulate OST1 phosphorylation in vitro, and that ABI1 interacts with BAK1 and inhibits the interaction of BAK1 and OST1. Taken together, our results suggest that BAK1 regulates ABA-induced stomatal closure in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Changbo Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Min Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - June M Kwak
- Department of New Biology, Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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106
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Aubry S, Aresheva O, Reyna-Llorens I, Smith-Unna RD, Hibberd JM, Genty B. A Specific Transcriptome Signature for Guard Cells from the C4 Plant Gynandropsis gynandra. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1345-57. [PMID: 26818731 PMCID: PMC4775106 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis represents an excellent example of convergent evolution that results in the optimization of both carbon and water usage by plants. In C4 plants, a carbon-concentrating mechanism divided between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells increases photosynthetic efficiency. Compared with C3 leaves, the carbon-concentrating mechanism of C4 plants allows photosynthetic operation at lower stomatal conductance, and as a consequence, transpiration is reduced. Here, we characterize transcriptomes from guard cells in C3 Tareneya hassleriana and C4 Gynandropsis gynandra belonging to the Cleomaceae. While approximately 60% of Gene Ontology terms previously associated with guard cells from the C3 model Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are conserved, there is much less overlap between patterns of individual gene expression. Most ion and CO2 signaling modules appear unchanged at the transcript level in guard cells from C3 and C4 species, but major variations in transcripts associated with carbon-related pathways known to influence stomatal behavior were detected. Genes associated with C4 photosynthesis were more highly expressed in guard cells of C4 compared with C3 leaves. Furthermore, we detected two major patterns of cell-specific C4 gene expression within the C4 leaf. In the first, genes previously associated with preferential expression in the bundle sheath showed continually decreasing expression from bundle sheath to mesophyll to guard cells. In the second, expression was maximal in the mesophyll compared with both guard cells and bundle sheath. These data imply that at least two gene regulatory networks act to coordinate gene expression across the bundle sheath, mesophyll, and guard cells in the C4 leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
| | - Olga Aresheva
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
| | - Ivan Reyna-Llorens
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
| | - Richard D Smith-Unna
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
| | - Bernard Genty
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom (S.A., I.R.-L., R.D.S.-U., J.M.H.); andCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, and Université Aix-Marseille, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (O.A., B.G.)
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107
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Lee Y, Kim YJ, Kim MH, Kwak JM. MAPK Cascades in Guard Cell Signal Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:80. [PMID: 26904052 PMCID: PMC4749715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells form stomata on the epidermis and continuously respond to endogenous and environmental stimuli to fine-tune the gas exchange and transpirational water loss, processes which involve mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. MAPKs form three-tiered kinase cascades with MAPK kinases and MAPK kinase kinases, by which signals are transduced to the target proteins. MAPK cascade genes are highly conserved in all eukaryotes, and they play crucial roles in myriad developmental and physiological processes. MAPK cascades function during biotic and abiotic stress responses by linking extracellular signals received by receptors to cytosolic events and gene expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings and insights into MAPK-mediated guard cell signaling, including the specificity of MAPK cascades and the remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceDaegu, South Korea
| | - Yun Ju Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceDaegu, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceDaegu, South Korea
| | - June M. Kwak
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceDaegu, South Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyDaegu, South Korea
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108
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Wang C, Hu H, Qin X, Zeise B, Xu D, Rappel WJ, Boron WF, Schroeder JI. Reconstitution of CO2 Regulation of SLAC1 Anion Channel and Function of CO2-Permeable PIP2;1 Aquaporin as CARBONIC ANHYDRASE4 Interactor. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:568-82. [PMID: 26764375 PMCID: PMC4790870 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dark respiration causes an increase in leaf CO2 concentration (Ci), and the continuing increases in atmospheric [CO2] further increases Ci. Elevated leaf CO2 concentration causes stomatal pores to close. Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Split-ubiquitin screening identified the PIP2;1 aquaporin as an interactor of the βCA4 carbonic anhydrase, which was confirmed in split luciferase, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. PIP2;1 exhibited CO2 permeability. Mutation of PIP2;1 in planta alone was insufficient to impair CO2- and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing, likely due to redundancy. Interestingly, coexpression of βCA4 and PIP2;1 with OST1-SLAC1 or CPK6/23-SLAC1 in oocytes enabled extracellular CO2 enhancement of SLAC1 anion channel activity. An inactive PIP2;1 point mutation was identified that abrogated water and CO2 permeability and extracellular CO2 regulation of SLAC1 activity. These findings identify the CO2-permeable PIP2;1 as key interactor of βCA4 and demonstrate functional reconstitution of extracellular CO2 signaling to ion channel regulation upon coexpression of PIP2;1, βCA4, SLAC1, and protein kinases. These data further implicate SLAC1 as a bicarbonate-responsive protein contributing to CO2 regulation of S-type anion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Honghong Hu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106
| | - Brian Zeise
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106
| | - Danyun Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Physics Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Walter F Boron
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
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109
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Lefoulon C, Boeglin M, Moreau B, Véry AA, Szponarski W, Dauzat M, Michard E, Gaillard I, Chérel I. The Arabidopsis AtPP2CA Protein Phosphatase Inhibits the GORK K+ Efflux Channel and Exerts a Dominant Suppressive Effect on Phosphomimetic-activating Mutations. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6521-33. [PMID: 26801610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the GORK (Guard Cell Outward Rectifying) Shaker channel mediating a massive K(+) efflux in Arabidopsis guard cells by the phosphatase AtPP2CA was investigated. Unlike the gork mutant, the atpp2ca mutants displayed a phenotype of reduced transpiration. We found that AtPP2CA interacts physically with GORK and inhibits GORK activity in Xenopus oocytes. Several amino acid substitutions in the AtPP2CA active site, including the dominant interfering G145D mutation, disrupted the GORK-AtPP2CA interaction, meaning that the native conformation of the AtPP2CA active site is required for the GORK-AtPP2CA interaction. Furthermore, two serines in the GORK ankyrin domain that mimic phosphorylation (Ser to Glu) or dephosphorylation (Ser to Ala) were mutated. Mutations mimicking phosphorylation led to a significant increase in GORK activity, whereas mutations mimicking dephosphorylation had no effect on GORK. In Xenopus oocytes, the interaction of AtPP2CA with "phosphorylated" or "dephosphorylated" GORK systematically led to inhibition of the channel to the same baseline level. Single-channel recordings indicated that the GORK S722E mutation increases the open probability of the channel in the absence, but not in the presence, of AtPP2CA. The dephosphorylation-independent inactivation mechanism of GORK by AtPP2CA is discussed in relation with well known conformational changes in animal Shaker-like channels that lead to channel opening and closing. In plants, PP2C activity would control the stomatal aperture by regulating both GORK and SLAC1, the two main channels required for stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lefoulon
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Martin Boeglin
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Bertrand Moreau
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Wojciech Szponarski
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Myriam Dauzat
- the Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA/SupAgro, UMR 759, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Michard
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5004, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France and
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110
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Zhu M, Jeon BW, Geng S, Yu Y, Balmant K, Chen S, Assmann SM. Preparation of Epidermal Peels and Guard Cell Protoplasts for Cellular, Electrophysiological, and -Omics Assays of Guard Cell Function. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1363:89-121. [PMID: 26577784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3115-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioassays are commonly used to study stomatal phenotypes. There are multiple options in the choice of plant materials and species used for observation of stomatal and guard cell responses in vivo. Here, detailed procedures for bioassays of stomatal responses to abscisic acid (ABA) in Arabidopsis thaliana are described, including ABA promotion of stomatal closure, ABA inhibition of stomatal opening, and ABA promotion of reaction oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells. We also include an example of a stomatal bioassay for the guard cell CO2 response using guard cell-enriched epidermal peels from Brassica napus. Highly pure preparations of guard cell protoplasts can be produced, which are also suitable for studies on guard cell signaling, as well as for studies on guard cell ion transport. Small-scale and large-scale guard cell protoplast preparations are commonly used for electrophysiological and -omics studies, respectively. We provide a procedure for small-scale guard cell protoplasting from A. thaliana. Additionally, a general protocol for large-scale preparation of guard cell protoplasts, with specifications for three different species, A. thaliana, B. napus, and Vicia faba is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kelly Balmant
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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111
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Yoshida R, Mori IC, Kamizono N, Shichiri Y, Shimatani T, Miyata F, Honda K, Iwai S. Glutamate functions in stomatal closure in Arabidopsis and fava bean. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:39-49. [PMID: 26586261 PMCID: PMC5515988 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are indispensable for higher plants because they control gas exchange and water balance to maintain photosynthetic activity. The signaling processes that govern their movement are controlled by several factors, such as abscisic acid (ABA), blue light, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and carbon dioxide. Herein, we demonstrated that the amino acid glutamate (Glu), a well-known mammalian neurotransmitter, functions as a novel signaling molecule in stomatal closure in both Arabidopsis and fava bean (Vicia faba L.). Pharmacological and electrophysiological analyses provided important clues for the participation of Glu-receptors, Ca(2+), and protein phosphorylation during the signaling process. Genetic analyses using Arabidopsis ABA-deficient (aba2-1) and ABA-insensitive (abi1-1 and abi2-1) mutants showed that ABA is not required for Glu signaling. However, loss-of-function of the Arabidopsis gene encoding Slow Anion Channel-Associated 1 (SLAC1) and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CPK6) impaired the Glu response. Moreover, T-DNA knockout mutations of the Arabidopsis Glu receptor-like gene (GLR), GLR3.5, lost their sensitivity to Glu-dependent stomatal closure. Our results strongly support functional Glu-signaling in stomatal closure and the crucial roles of GLRs in this signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuto Kamizono
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yudai Shichiri
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimatani
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Fumika Miyata
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Honda
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sumio Iwai
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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112
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Gómez-Sagasti MT, Barrutia O, Ribas G, Garbisu C, Becerril JM. Early transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to polymetallic contamination: implications for the identification of potential biomarkers of metal exposure. Metallomics 2016; 8:518-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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113
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Engineer CB, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Negi J, Israelsson-Nordström M, Azoulay-Shemer T, Rappel WJ, Iba K, Schroeder JI. CO2 Sensing and CO2 Regulation of Stomatal Conductance: Advances and Open Questions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:16-30. [PMID: 26482956 PMCID: PMC4707055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells form epidermal stomatal gas-exchange valves in plants and regulate the aperture of stomatal pores in response to changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) in leaves. Moreover, the development of stomata is repressed by elevated CO2 in diverse plant species. Evidence suggests that plants can sense [CO2] changes via guard cells and via mesophyll tissues in mediating stomatal movements. We review new discoveries and open questions on mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements and CO2 modulation of stomatal development, which together function in the CO2 regulation of stomatal conductance and gas exchange in plants. Research in this area is timely in light of the necessity of selecting and developing crop cultivars that perform better in a shifting climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cawas B Engineer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Maria Israelsson-Nordström
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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114
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Mitula F, Tajdel M, Cieśla A, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Kulik A, Babula-Skowrońska D, Michalak M, Dobrowolska G, Sadowski J, Ludwików A. Arabidopsis ABA-Activated Kinase MAPKKK18 is Regulated by Protein Phosphatase 2C ABI1 and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2351-67. [PMID: 26443375 PMCID: PMC4675898 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events play an important role in the transmission of the ABA signal. Although SnRK2 [sucrose non-fermenting1-related kinase2] protein kinases and group A protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C)-type phosphatases constitute the core ABA pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are also involved in plant response to ABA. However, little is known about the interplay between MAPKs and PP2Cs or SnRK2 in the regulation of ABA pathways. In this study, an effort was made to elucidate the role of MAP kinase kinase kinase18 (MKKK18) in relation to ABA signaling and response. The MKKK18 knockout lines showed more vigorous root growth, decreased abaxial stomatal index and increased stomatal aperture under normal growth conditions, compared with the control wild-type Columbia line. In addition to transcriptional regulation of the MKKK18 promoter by ABA, we demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo kinase assays that the kinase activity of MKKK18 was regulated by ABA. Analysis of the cellular localization of MKKK18 showed that the active kinase was targeted specifically to the nucleus. Notably, we identified abscisic acid insensitive 1 (ABI1) PP2C as a MKKK18-interacting protein, and demonstrated that ABI1 inhibited its activity. Using a cell-free degradation assay, we also established that MKKK18 was unstable and was degraded by the proteasome pathway. The rate of MKKK18 degradation was delayed in the ABI1 knockout line. Overall, we provide evidence that ABI1 regulates the activity and promotes proteasomal degradation of MKKK18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mitula
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Tajdel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Cieśla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Michalak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grazyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Sadowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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115
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Rutowicz K, Puzio M, Halibart-Puzio J, Lirski M, Kotliński M, Kroteń MA, Knizewski L, Lange B, Muszewska A, Śniegowska-Świerk K, Kościelniak J, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Buza K, Janowiak F, Żmuda K, Jõesaar I, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Fogtman A, Kollist H, Zielenkiewicz P, Tiuryn J, Siedlecki P, Swiezewski S, Ginalski K, Koblowska M, Archacki R, Wilczynski B, Rapacz M, Jerzmanowski A. A Specialized Histone H1 Variant Is Required for Adaptive Responses to Complex Abiotic Stress and Related DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2080-101. [PMID: 26351307 PMCID: PMC4634048 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Linker (H1) histones play critical roles in chromatin compaction in higher eukaryotes. They are also the most variable of the histones, with numerous nonallelic variants cooccurring in the same cell. Plants contain a distinct subclass of minor H1 variants that are induced by drought and abscisic acid and have been implicated in mediating adaptive responses to stress. However, how these variants facilitate adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the single Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stress-inducible variant H1.3 occurs in plants in two separate and most likely autonomous pools: a constitutive guard cell-specific pool and a facultative environmentally controlled pool localized in other tissues. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of h1.3 null mutants demonstrate that H1.3 is required for both proper stomatal functioning under normal growth conditions and adaptive developmental responses to combined light and water deficiency. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, we show that H1.3 has superfast chromatin dynamics, and in contrast to the main Arabidopsis H1 variants H1.1 and H1.2, it has no stable bound fraction. The results of global occupancy studies demonstrate that, while H1.3 has the same overall binding properties as the main H1 variants, including predominant heterochromatin localization, it differs from them in its preferences for chromatin regions with epigenetic signatures of active and repressed transcription. We also show that H1.3 is required for a substantial part of DNA methylation associated with environmental stress, suggesting that the likely mechanism underlying H1.3 function may be the facilitation of chromatin accessibility by direct competition with the main H1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rutowicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Marcin Puzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Joanna Halibart-Puzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Maciej Lirski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Maciej Kotliński
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Magdalena A Kroteń
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Lukasz Knizewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Bartosz Lange
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Śniegowska-Świerk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Janusz Kościelniak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Krisztián Buza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Żmuda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Indrek Jõesaar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Jerzy Tiuryn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Paweł Siedlecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Szymon Swiezewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Bartek Wilczynski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (K.R., J.H.-P., M.L., M.Kot., A.M., R.I.-N., A.F., P.Z., P.S., S.S., M.Kob., A.J.);Laboratory of Systems Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.P., M.Kot., B.L., R.I.-N., K.L.-K., P.S., M.Kob., R.A., A.J.);Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszów, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland (J.H.-P.);College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland (M.A.K.);Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center of New Technologies (L.K., A.M., K.G.), and Institute of Informatics (K.B., J.T., B.W.), University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (K.Ś.-Ś., J.K., K.Ż., M.R.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland (F.J.); andInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia (I.J., H.K.)
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Daloso DM, Antunes WC, Pinheiro DP, Waquim JP, Araújo WL, Loureiro ME, Fernie AR, Williams TCR. Tobacco guard cells fix CO2 by both Rubisco and PEPcase while sucrose acts as a substrate during light-induced stomatal opening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2353-71. [PMID: 25871738 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have improved our knowledge of guard cell function; however, metabolic changes in guard cells remain relatively poorly understood. Here we analysed metabolic changes in guard cell-enriched epidermal fragments from tobacco during light-induced stomatal opening. Increases in sucrose, glucose and fructose were observed during light-induced stomatal opening in the presence of sucrose in the medium while no changes in starch were observed, suggesting that the elevated fructose and glucose levels were a consequence of sucrose rather than starch breakdown. Conversely, reduction in sucrose was observed during light- plus potassium-induced stomatal opening. Concomitant with the decrease in sucrose, we observed an increase in the level as well as in the (13) C enrichment in metabolites of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid cycle following incubation of the guard cell-enriched preparations in (13) C-labelled bicarbonate. Collectively, the results obtained support the hypothesis that sucrose is catabolized within guard cells in order to provide carbon skeletons for organic acid production. Furthermore, they provide a qualitative demonstration that CO2 fixation occurs both via ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase). The combined data are discussed with respect to current models of guard cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jardel P Waquim
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
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117
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Chen J, Zhang D, Zhang C, Xia X, Yin W, Tian Q. A Putative PP2C-Encoding Gene Negatively Regulates ABA Signaling in Populus euphratica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139466. [PMID: 26431530 PMCID: PMC4592019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A PP2C homolog gene was cloned from the drought-treated cDNA library of Populus euphratica. Multiple sequence alignment analysis suggested that the gene is a potential ortholog of HAB1. The expression of this HAB1 ortholog (PeHAB1) was markedly induced by drought and moderately induced by ABA. To characterize its function in ABA signaling, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing this gene. Transgenic lines exhibited reduced responses to exogenous ABA and reduced tolerance to drought compared to wide-type lines. Yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that PeHAB1 could interact with the ABA receptor PYL4 in an ABA-independent manner. Taken together; these results indicated that PeHAB1 is a new negative regulator of ABA responses in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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118
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Shi K, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xia X, Chen Z, Yu J. Guard cell hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediate elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:342-53. [PMID: 26308648 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 influences plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Although the involvement of stomata in plant responses to elevated CO2 has been well established, the underlying mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement remains largely unknown. We used diverse techniques, including laser scanning confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical methodologies and gene silencing to investigate the signaling pathway for elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure was dependent on the production of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE 1 (RBOH1)-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells in an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent manner. Silencing of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) compromised the elevated CO2 -induced accumulation of H2 O2 and NO, upregulation of SLOW ANION CHANNEL ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) gene expression and reduction of stomatal aperture, whereas silencing of RBOH1 or NR had no effects on the expression of OST1. Our results demonstrate that as critical signaling molecules, RBOH1-dependent H2 O2 and NR-dependent NO act downstream of OST1 that regulate SLAC1 expression and elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement. This information is crucial to deepen the understanding of CO2 signaling pathway in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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119
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Li HJ, Zhu SS, Zhang MX, Wang T, Liang L, Xue Y, Shi DQ, Liu J, Yang WC. Arabidopsis CBP1 Is a Novel Regulator of Transcription Initiation in Central Cell-Mediated Pollen Tube Guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2880-93. [PMID: 26462908 PMCID: PMC4682316 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, sperm cells are delivered to the embryo sac by a pollen tube guided by female signals. Both the gametic and synergid cells contribute to pollen tube attraction. Synergids secrete peptide signals that lure the tube, while the role of the gametic cells is unknown. Previously, we showed that CENTRAL CELL GUIDANCE (CCG) is essential for pollen tube attraction in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified CCG BINDING PROTEIN1 (CBP1) and demonstrated that it interacts with CCG, Mediator subunits, RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and central cell-specific AGAMOUS-like transcription factors. In addition, CCG interacts with TATA-box Binding Protein 1 and Pol II as a TFIIB-like transcription factor. CBP1-knockdown ovules are defective in pollen tube attraction. Expression profiling revealed that cysteine-rich peptide (CRP) transcripts were downregulated in ccg ovules. CCG and CBP1 coregulate a subset of CRPs in the central cell and the synergids, including the attractant LURE1. CBP1 is extensively expressed in multiple vegetative tissues and specifically in the central cell in reproductive growth. We propose that CBP1, via interaction with CCG and the Mediator complex, connects transcription factors and the Pol II machinery to regulate pollen tube attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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120
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Kang Y, Sakiroglu M, Krom N, Stanton-Geddes J, Wang M, Lee YC, Young ND, Udvardi M. Genome-wide association of drought-related and biomass traits with HapMap SNPs in Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1997-2011. [PMID: 25707512 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Improving drought tolerance of crop plants is a major goal of plant breeders. In this study, we characterized biomass and drought-related traits of 220 Medicago truncatula HapMap accessions. Characterized traits included shoot biomass, maximum leaf size, specific leaf weight, stomatal density, trichome density and shoot carbon-13 isotope discrimination (δ(13) C) of well-watered M. truncatula plants, and leaf performance in vitro under dehydration stress. Genome-wide association analyses were carried out using the general linear model (GLM), the standard mixed linear model (MLM) and compressed MLM (CMLM) in TASSEL, which revealed significant overestimation of P-values by CMLM. For each trait, candidate genes and chromosome regions containing SNP markers were found that are in significant association with the trait. For plant biomass, a 0.5 Mbp region on chromosome 2 harbouring a plasma membrane intrinsic protein, PIP2, was discovered that could potentially be targeted to increase dry matter yield. A protein disulfide isomerase-like protein was found to be tightly associated with both shoot biomass and leaf size. A glutamate-cysteine ligase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase family protein with Arabidopsis homologs strongly expressed in the guard cells were two of the top genes identified by stomata density genome-wide association studies analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Krom
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Mingyi Wang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Nevin D Young
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
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121
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Zhan X, Qian B, Cao F, Wu W, Yang L, Guan Q, Gu X, Wang P, Okusolubo TA, Dunn SL, Zhu JK, Zhu J. An Arabidopsis PWI and RRM motif-containing protein is critical for pre-mRNA splicing and ABA responses. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8139. [PMID: 26404089 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is important for growth, development and stress responses in plants. Recent research has identified ABA receptors and signalling components that regulate seed germination and stomatal closure. However, proteins that regulate ABA signalling remain poorly understood. Here we use a forward-genetic screen to identify rbm25-1 and rbm25-2, two Arabidopsis mutants with increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by ABA. Using RNA-seq, we found that RBM25 controls the splicing of many pre-mRNAs. The protein phosphatase 2C HAB1, a critical component in ABA signalling, shows a dramatic defect in pre-mRNA splicing in rbm25 mutants. Ectopic expression of a HAB1 complementary DNA derived from wild-type mRNAs partially suppresses the rbm25-2 mutant phenotype. We suggest that RNA splicing is of particular importance for plant response to ABA and that the splicing factor RBM25 has a critical role in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiang Zhan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bilian Qian
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Fengqiu Cao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenwu Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xianbin Gu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Temiloluwa A Okusolubo
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Stephanie L Dunn
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2121 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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122
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Using Co-Expression Analysis and Stress-Based Screens to Uncover Arabidopsis Peroxisomal Proteins Involved in Drought Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137762. [PMID: 26368942 PMCID: PMC4569587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential organelles that house a wide array of metabolic reactions important for plant growth and development. However, our knowledge regarding the role of peroxisomal proteins in various biological processes, including plant stress response, is still incomplete. Recent proteomic studies of plant peroxisomes significantly increased the number of known peroxisomal proteins and greatly facilitated the study of peroxisomes at the systems level. The objectives of this study were to determine whether genes that encode peroxisomal proteins with related functions are co-expressed in Arabidopsis and identify peroxisomal proteins involved in stress response using in silico analysis and mutant screens. Using microarray data from online databases, we performed hierarchical clustering analysis to generate a comprehensive view of transcript level changes for Arabidopsis peroxisomal genes during development and under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Many genes involved in the same metabolic pathways exhibited co-expression, some genes known to be involved in stress response are regulated by the corresponding stress conditions, and function of some peroxisomal proteins could be predicted based on their co-expression pattern. Since drought caused expression changes to the highest number of genes that encode peroxisomal proteins, we subjected a subset of Arabidopsis peroxisomal mutants to a drought stress assay. Mutants of the LON2 protease and the photorespiratory enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase 1 (HPR1) showed enhanced susceptibility to drought, suggesting the involvement of peroxisomal quality control and photorespiration in drought resistance. Our study provided a global view of how genes that encode peroxisomal proteins respond to developmental and environmental cues and began to reveal additional peroxisomal proteins involved in stress response, thus opening up new avenues to investigate the role of peroxisomes in plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
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123
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Geilen K, Böhmer M. Dynamic subnuclear relocalisation of WRKY40 in response to Abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13369. [PMID: 26293691 PMCID: PMC4642543 DOI: 10.1038/srep13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 are members of the WRKY transcription factor family and function as transcriptional regulators in ABA signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that WRKY18 and WRKY40, but not WRKY60, co-localise with PIF3, PIF4 and PHYB to Phytochrome B-containing nuclear bodies (PNBs). Localisation to the PNBs is phosphorylation-dependent and is inhibited by the general Ser/Thr-kinase inhibitor Staurosporine. Upon ABA treatment, WRKY40 relocalises from PNBs to the nucleoplasm in an OST1-dependent manner. This stimulus-induced relocalisation was not observed in response to other abiotic or biotic stimuli, including NaCl, MeJA or flg22 treatment. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments indicate that while PIF3, PIF4 and PHYB physically interact in these bodies, PHYB, PIF3 and PIF4 do not interact with the two WRKY transcription factors, which may suggest a more general role for these bodies in regulation of transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Geilen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Maik Böhmer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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124
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Dutta D, Buchon N, Xiang J, Edgar BA. Regional Cell Specific RNA Expression Profiling of FACS Isolated Drosophila Intestinal Cell Populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 34:2F.2.1-2F.2.14. [PMID: 26237570 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02f02s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adult Drosophila midgut is built of five distinct cell types, including stem cells, enteroblasts, enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and visceral muscles, and is divided into five major regions (R1 to R5), which are morphologically and functionally distinct from each other. This unit describes a protocol for the isolation of Drosophila intestinal cell populations for the purpose of cell type-specific transcriptome profiling from the five different regions. A method to select a cell type of interest labeled with green or yellow fluorescent protein (GFP, YFP) by making use of the GAL4-UAS bipartite system and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) is presented. Total RNA is isolated from the sorted cells of each region, and linear RNA amplification is used to obtain sufficient amounts of high-quality RNA for analysis by microarray, RT-PCR, or RNA sequencing. This method will be useful for quantitative transcriptome comparison across intestinal cell types in the different regions under normal and various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanjali Dutta
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jinyi Xiang
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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125
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Medeiros DB, Daloso DM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Araújo WL. Utilizing systems biology to unravel stomatal function and the hierarchies underpinning its control. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1457-70. [PMID: 25689387 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control the concomitant exchange of CO2 and transpiration in land plants. While a constant supply of CO2 is need to maintain the rate of photosynthesis, the accompanying water losses must be tightly regulated to prevent dehydration and undesired metabolic changes. The factors affecting stomatal movement are directly coupled with the cellular networks of guard cells. Although the guard cell has been used as a model for characterization of signaling pathways, several important questions about its functioning remain elusive. Current modeling approaches describe the stomatal conductance in terms of relatively few easy-to-measure variables being unsuitable for in silico design of genetic manipulation strategies. Here, we argue that a system biology approach, combining modeling and high-throughput experiments, may be used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stomata control and to determine targets for modulation of stomatal responses to environment. In support of our opinion, we review studies demonstrating how high-throughput approaches have provided a systems-view of guard cells. Finally, we emphasize the opportunities and challenges of genome-scale modeling and large-scale data integration for in silico manipulation of guard cell functions to improve crop yields, particularly under stress conditions which are of pertinence both to climate change and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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126
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Zheng XY, Zhou M, Yoo H, Pruneda-Paz JL, Spivey NW, Kay SA, Dong X. Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9166-73. [PMID: 26139525 PMCID: PMC4522758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511182112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understood. Using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identified two transcription factors (TFs), NTM1-like 9 (NTL9) and CCA1 hiking expedition (CHE), as activators of ICS1 during specific immune responses. NTL9 is essential for inducing ICS1 and two other SA synthesis-related genes, phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4) and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), in guard cells that form stomata. Stomata can quickly close upon challenge to block pathogen entry. This stomatal immunity requires ICS1 and the SA signaling pathway. In the ntl9 mutant, this response is defective and can be rescued by exogenous application of SA, indicating that NTL9-mediated SA synthesis is essential for stomatal immunity. CHE, the second identified TF, is a central circadian clock oscillator and is required not only for the daily oscillation in SA levels but also for the pathogen-induced SA synthesis in systemic tissues during SAR. CHE may also regulate ICS1 through the known transcription activators calmodulin binding protein 60g (CBP60g) and systemic acquired resistance deficient 1 (SARD1) because induction of these TF genes is compromised in the che-2 mutant. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner and therefore fills a gap in the signal transduction pathway between pathogen recognition and SA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Mian Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Jose L Pruneda-Paz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Center for Chronobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Natalie Weaver Spivey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Steve A Kay
- Center for Chronobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
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127
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Grondin A, Rodrigues O, Verdoucq L, Merlot S, Leonhardt N, Maurel C. Aquaporins Contribute to ABA-Triggered Stomatal Closure through OST1-Mediated Phosphorylation. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1945-54. [PMID: 26163575 PMCID: PMC4531361 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements in response to environmental stimuli critically control the plant water status. Although these movements are governed by osmotically driven changes in guard cell volume, the role of membrane water channels (aquaporins) has remained hypothetical. Assays in epidermal peels showed that knockout Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking the Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein 2;1 (PIP2;1) aquaporin have a defect in stomatal closure, specifically in response to abscisic acid (ABA). ABA induced a 2-fold increase in osmotic water permeability (Pf) of guard cell protoplasts and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species in guard cells, which were both abrogated in pip2;1 plants. Open stomata 1 (OST1)/Snf1-related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), a protein kinase involved in guard cell ABA signaling, was able to phosphorylate a cytosolic PIP2;1 peptide at Ser-121. OST1 enhanced PIP2;1 water transport activity when coexpressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Upon expression in pip2;1 plants, a phosphomimetic form (Ser121Asp) but not a phosphodeficient form (Ser121Ala) of PIP2;1 constitutively enhanced the Pf of guard cell protoplasts while suppressing its ABA-dependent activation and was able to restore ABA-dependent stomatal closure in pip2;1. This work supports a model whereby ABA-triggered stomatal closure requires an increase in guard cell permeability to water and possibly hydrogen peroxide, through OST1-dependent phosphorylation of PIP2;1 at Ser-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Grondin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvain Merlot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Sciences Plant Saclay, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, CEA Cadarache, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
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128
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de Marcos A, Triviño M, Pérez-Bueno ML, Ballesteros I, Barón M, Mena M, Fenoll C. Transcriptional profiles of Arabidopsis stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:456. [PMID: 26157447 PMCID: PMC4477074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function of the positive stomata development regulators SPCH or MUTE in Arabidopsis thaliana renders stomataless plants; spch-3 and mute-3 mutants are extreme dwarfs, but produce cotyledons and tiny leaves, providing a system to interrogate plant life in the absence of stomata. To this end, we compared their cotyledon transcriptomes with that of wild-type plants. K-means clustering of differentially expressed genes generated four clusters: clusters 1 and 2 grouped genes commonly regulated in the mutants, while clusters 3 and 4 contained genes distinctively regulated in mute-3. Classification in functional categories and metabolic pathways of genes in clusters 1 and 2 suggested that both mutants had depressed secondary, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms, while only a few photosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated. In situ quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence revealed limited inhibition of photosynthesis. This and other fluorescence measurements matched the mutant transcriptomic features. Differential transcriptomes of both mutants were enriched in growth-related genes, including known stomata development regulators, which paralleled their epidermal phenotypes. Analysis of cluster 3 was not informative for developmental aspects of mute-3. Cluster 4 comprised genes differentially up-regulated in mute-3, 35% of which were direct targets for SPCH and may relate to the unique cell types of mute-3. A screen of T-DNA insertion lines in genes differentially expressed in the mutants identified a gene putatively involved in stomata development. A collection of lines for conditional overexpression of transcription factors differentially expressed in the mutants rendered distinct epidermal phenotypes, suggesting that these proteins may be novel stomatal development regulators. Thus, our transcriptome analysis represents a useful source of new genes for the study of stomata development and for characterizing physiology and growth in the absence of stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la ManchaToledo, Spain
| | - Magdalena Triviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la ManchaToledo, Spain
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del ZaidínGranada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ballesteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la ManchaToledo, Spain
| | - Matilde Barón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del ZaidínGranada, Spain
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la ManchaToledo, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la ManchaToledo, Spain
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129
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Misra BB, Acharya BR, Granot D, Assmann SM, Chen S. The guard cell metabolome: functions in stomatal movement and global food security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:334. [PMID: 26042131 PMCID: PMC4436583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells represent a unique single cell-type system for the study of cellular responses to abiotic and biotic perturbations that affect stomatal movement. Decades of effort through both classical physiological and functional genomics approaches have generated an enormous amount of information on the roles of individual metabolites in stomatal guard cell function and physiology. Recent application of metabolomics methods has produced a substantial amount of new information on metabolome control of stomatal movement. In conjunction with other "omics" approaches, the knowledge-base is growing to reach a systems-level description of this single cell-type. Here we summarize current knowledge of the guard cell metabolome and highlight critical metabolites that bear significant impact on future engineering and breeding efforts to generate plants/crops that are resistant to environmental challenges and produce high yield and quality products for food and energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - David Granot
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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130
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Léran S, Edel KH, Pervent M, Hashimoto K, Corratgé-Faillie C, Offenborn JN, Tillard P, Gojon A, Kudla J, Lacombe B. Nitrate sensing and uptake in Arabidopsis are enhanced by ABI2, a phosphatase inactivated by the stress hormone abscisic acid. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra43. [PMID: 25943353 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms sense and respond to changes in nutrient availability to cope with diverse environmental conditions. Nitrate (NO3-) is the main source of nitrogen for plants and is a major component in fertilizer. Unraveling the molecular basis of nitrate sensing and regulation of nitrate uptake should enable the development of strategies to increase the efficiency of nitrogen use and maximize nitrate uptake by plants, which would aid in reducing nitrate pollution. NPF6.3 (also known as NRT1.1), which functions as a nitrate sensor and transporter; the kinase CIPK23; and the calcium sensor CBL9 form a complex that is crucial for nitrate sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified two additional components that regulate nitrate transport, sensing, and signaling: the calcium sensor CBL1 and protein phosphatase 2C family member ABI2, which is inhibited by the stress-response hormone abscisic acid. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and in vitro kinase assays revealed that ABI2 interacted with and dephosphorylated CIPK23 and CBL1. Coexpression studies in Xenopus oocytes and analysis of plants deficient in ABI2 indicated that ABI2 enhanced NPF6.3-dependent nitrate transport, nitrate sensing, and nitrate signaling. These findings suggest that ABI2 may functionally link stress-regulated control of growth and nitrate uptake and utilization, which are energy-expensive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Léran
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marjorie Pervent
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pascal Tillard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon," Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France.
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131
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Kondhare K, Farrell A, Kettlewell P, Hedden P, Monaghan J. Pre-maturity α-amylase in wheat: The role of abscisic acid and gibberellins. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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132
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Danquah A, de Zélicourt A, Boudsocq M, Neubauer J, Frei Dit Frey N, Leonhardt N, Pateyron S, Gwinner F, Tamby JP, Ortiz-Masia D, Marcote MJ, Hirt H, Colcombet J. Identification and characterization of an ABA-activated MAP kinase cascade in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:232-44. [PMID: 25720833 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone involved in important stress-related and developmental plant processes. Recent phosphoproteomic analyses revealed a large set of ABA-triggered phosphoproteins as putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) targets, although the evidence for MAPKs involved in ABA signalling is still scarce. Here, we identified and reconstituted in vivo a complete ABA-activated MAPK cascade, composed of the MAP3Ks MAP3K17/18, the MAP2K MKK3 and the four C group MAPKs MPK1/2/7/14. In planta, we show that ABA activation of MPK7 is blocked in mkk3-1 and map3k17mapk3k18 plants. Coherently, both mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to ABA and altered expression of a set of ABA-dependent genes. A genetic analysis further reveals that this MAPK cascade is activated by the PYR/PYL/RCAR-SnRK2-PP2C ABA core signalling module through protein synthesis of the MAP3Ks, unveiling an atypical mechanism for MAPK activation in eukaryotes. Our work provides evidence for a role of an ABA-induced MAPK pathway in plant stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agyemang Danquah
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Saclay Plant Sciences, 91405, Orsay, France
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133
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Early gene expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens exposed to a polymetallic solution. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31:39-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-015-9294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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134
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Virlouvet L, Fromm M. Physiological and transcriptional memory in guard cells during repetitive dehydration stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:596-607. [PMID: 25345749 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plants subjected to a daily dehydration stress and watered recovery cycle display physiological and transcriptional stress memory. Previously stressed plants have stomatal apertures that remain partially closed during a watered recovery period, facilitating reduced transpiration during a subsequent dehydration stress. Guard cells (GCs) display transcriptional memory that is similar to that in leaf tissues for some genes, but display GC-specific transcriptional memory for other genes. The rate-limiting abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3) and ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3 (AAO3) are expressed at much higher levels in GCs, particularly during the watered recovery interval, relative to their low levels in leaves. A genetic analysis using mutants in the ABA signaling pathway indicated that GC stomatal memory is ABA-dependent, and that ABA-dependent SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.2 (SnRK2.2), SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6 have distinguishable roles in the process. SnRK2.6 is more important for overall stomatal control, while SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 are more important for implementing GC stress memory in the subsequent dehydration response. Collectively, our results support a model of altered ABA production in GCs that maintains a partially closed stomatal aperture during an overnight watered recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Virlouvet
- University of Nebraska Center for Plant Science Innovation, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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135
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Takahashi Y, Kinoshita T. Stomatal function has an element of hysteresis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:455-7. [PMID: 25521066 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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136
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Scuffi D, Álvarez C, Laspina N, Gotor C, Lamattina L, García-Mata C. Hydrogen sulfide generated by L-cysteine desulfhydrase acts upstream of nitric oxide to modulate abscisic acid-dependent stomatal closure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:2065-76. [PMID: 25266633 PMCID: PMC4256879 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-studied regulator of stomatal movement. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a small signaling gas molecule involved in key physiological processes in mammals, has been recently reported as a new component of the ABA signaling network in stomatal guard cells. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), H2S is enzymatically produced in the cytosol through the activity of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1). In this work, we used DES1 knockout Arabidopsis mutant plants (des1) to study the participation of DES1 in the cross talk between H2S and nitric oxide (NO) in the ABA-dependent signaling network in guard cells. The results show that ABA did not close the stomata in isolated epidermal strips of des1 mutants, an effect that was restored by the application of exogenous H2S. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that ABA induces DES1 expression in guard cell-enriched RNA extracts from wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, stomata from isolated epidermal strips of Arabidopsis ABA receptor mutant pyrabactin-resistant1 (pyr1)/pyrabactin-like1 (pyl1)/pyl2/pyl4 close in response to exogenous H2S, suggesting that this gasotransmitter is acting downstream, although acting independently of the ABA receptor cannot be ruled out with this data. However, the Arabidopsis clade-A PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE2C mutant abscisic acid-insensitive1 (abi1-1) does not close the stomata when epidermal strips were treated with H2S, suggesting that H2S required a functional ABI1. Further studies to unravel the cross talk between H2S and NO indicate that (1) H2S promotes NO production, (2) DES1 is required for ABA-dependent NO production, and (3) NO is downstream of H2S in ABA-induced stomatal closure. Altogether, data indicate that DES1 is a unique component of ABA signaling in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
| | - Consolación Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
| | - Natalia Laspina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina (D.S., N.L., L.L., C.G.-M.); andInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (C.Á., C.G.)
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137
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Heinen RB, Bienert GP, Cohen D, Chevalier AS, Uehlein N, Hachez C, Kaldenhoff R, Le Thiec D, Chaumont F. Expression and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins in stomatal complexes of Zea mays. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:335-50. [PMID: 25082269 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, the microscopic pores on the surface of the aerial parts of plants, are bordered by two specialized cells, known as guard cells, which control the stomatal aperture according to endogenous and environmental signals. Like most movements occurring in plants, the opening and closing of stomata are based on hydraulic forces. During opening, the activation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters results in solute accumulation in the guard cells. To re-establish the perturbed osmotic equilibrium, water follows the solutes into the cells, leading to their swelling. Numerous studies have contributed to the understanding of the mechanism and regulation of stomatal movements. However, despite the importance of transmembrane water flow during this process, only a few studies have provided evidence for the involvement of water channels, called aquaporins. Here, we microdissected Zea mays stomatal complexes and showed that members of the aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily are expressed in these complexes and that their mRNA expression generally follows a diurnal pattern. The substrate specificity of two of the expressed ZmPIPs, ZmPIP1;5 and ZmPIP1;6, was investigated by heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast cells. Our data show that both isoforms facilitate transmembrane water diffusion in the presence of the ZmPIP2;1 isoform. In addition, both display CO2 permeability comparable to that of the CO2 diffusion facilitator NtAQP1. These data indicate that ZmPIPs may have various physiological roles in stomatal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Heinen
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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138
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Misra BB, Assmann SM, Chen S. Plant single-cell and single-cell-type metabolomics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:637-46. [PMID: 24946988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In conjunction with genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, plant metabolomics is providing large data sets that are paving the way towards a comprehensive and holistic understanding of plant growth, development, defense, and productivity. However, dilution effects from organ- and tissue-based sampling of metabolomes have limited our understanding of the intricate regulation of metabolic pathways and networks at the cellular level. Recent advances in metabolomics methodologies, along with the post-genomic expansion of bioinformatics knowledge and functional genomics tools, have allowed the gathering of enriched information on individual cells and single cell types. Here we review progress, current status, opportunities, and challenges presented by single cell-based metabolomics research in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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139
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Yu T, Wang Z, Jin X, Liu X, Kan S. Analysis of gene expression profiles in response to Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae in maize (Zea mays L.). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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140
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Ronzier E, Corratgé-Faillie C, Sanchez F, Prado K, Brière C, Leonhardt N, Thibaud JB, Xiong TC. CPK13, a noncanonical Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, specifically inhibits KAT2 and KAT1 shaker K+ channels and reduces stomatal opening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:314-26. [PMID: 25037208 PMCID: PMC4149717 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2) (+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) form a large family of 34 genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Based on their dependence on Ca(2+), CPKs can be sorted into three types: strictly Ca(2+)-dependent CPKs, Ca(2+)-stimulated CPKs (with a significant basal activity in the absence of Ca(2+)), and essentially calcium-insensitive CPKs. Here, we report on the third type of CPK, CPK13, which is expressed in guard cells but whose role is still unknown. We confirm the expression of CPK13 in Arabidopsis guard cells, and we show that its overexpression inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. We combine several approaches to identify a guard cell-expressed target. We provide evidence that CPK13 (1) specifically phosphorylates peptide arrays featuring Arabidopsis K(+) Channel KAT2 and KAT1 polypeptides, (2) inhibits KAT2 and/or KAT1 when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and (3) closely interacts in plant cells with KAT2 channels (Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We propose that CPK13 reduces stomatal aperture through its inhibition of the guard cell-expressed KAT2 and KAT1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ronzier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Frédéric Sanchez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Karine Prado
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Christian Brière
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Tou Cheu Xiong
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
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141
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Khanna R, Li J, Tseng TS, Schroeder JI, Ehrhardt DW, Briggs WR. COP1 jointly modulates cytoskeletal processes and electrophysiological responses required for stomatal closure. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1441-1454. [PMID: 25151660 PMCID: PMC4153439 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reorganization of the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for guard cell function. Here, we investigate how environmental and hormonal signals cause these rearrangements and find that COP1, a RING-finger-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, is required for degradation of tubulin, likely by the 26S proteasome. This degradation is required for stomatal closing. In addition to regulating the cytoskeleton, we show that cop1 mutation impaired the activity of S-type anion channels, which are critical for stomatal closure. Thus, COP1 is revealed as a potential coordinator of cytoskeletal and electrophysiological activities required for guard cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Khanna
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junlin Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; Present address: College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tong-Seung Tseng
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Winslow R Briggs
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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142
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Wege S, De Angeli A, Droillard MJ, Kroniewicz L, Merlot S, Cornu D, Gambale F, Martinoia E, Barbier-Brygoo H, Thomine S, Leonhardt N, Filleur S. Phosphorylation of the vacuolar anion exchanger AtCLCa is required for the stomatal response to abscisic acid. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra65. [PMID: 25005229 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic anion/proton exchangers of the CLC (chloride channel) family mediate anion fluxes across intracellular membranes. The Arabidopsis thaliana anion/proton exchanger AtCLCa is involved in vacuolar accumulation of nitrate. We investigated the role of AtCLCa in leaf guard cells, a specialized plant epidermal cell that controls gas exchange and water loss through pores called stomata. We showed that AtCLCa not only fulfilled the expected role of accumulating anions in the vacuole during stomatal opening but also mediated anion release during stomatal closure in response to the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We found that this dual role resulted from a phosphorylation-dependent change in the activity of AtCLCa. The protein kinase OST1 (also known as SnRK2.6) is a key signaling player and central regulator in guard cells in response to ABA. Phosphorylation of Thr(38) in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AtCLCa by OST1 increased the outward anion fluxes across the vacuolar membrane, which are essential for stomatal closure. We provide evidence that bidirectional activities of an intracellular CLC exchanger are physiologically relevant and that phosphorylation regulates the transport mode of this exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wege
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France. Istituto di Biofisica, C.N.R., Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Jo Droillard
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Kroniewicz
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bât. 156, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sylvain Merlot
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Cornu
- CNRS-FRC5115, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Imagif, Bât. 21, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Franco Gambale
- Istituto di Biofisica, C.N.R., Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Barbier-Brygoo
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bât. 156, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sophie Filleur
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France. Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, U.F.R. Sciences du Vivant, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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143
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Tomiyama M, Inoue SI, Tsuzuki T, Soda M, Morimoto S, Okigaki Y, Ohishi T, Mochizuki N, Takahashi K, Kinoshita T. Mg-chelatase I subunit 1 and Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase affect the stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:553-63. [PMID: 24840863 PMCID: PMC4683165 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of stomatal opening and closure, we performed a genetic screen using infrared thermography to isolate stomatal aperture mutants. We identified a mutant designated low temperature with open-stomata 1 (lost1), which exhibited reduced leaf temperature, wider stomatal aperture, and a pale green phenotype. Map-based analysis of the LOST1 locus revealed that the lost1 mutant resulted from a missense mutation in the Mg-chelatase I subunit 1 (CHLI1) gene, which encodes a subunit of the Mg-chelatase complex involved in chlorophyll synthesis. Transformation of the wild-type CHLI1 gene into lost1 complemented all lost1 phenotypes. Stomata in lost1 exhibited a partial ABA-insensitive phenotype similar to that of rtl1, a Mg-chelatase H subunit missense mutant. The Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (CHLM) gene encodes a subsequent enzyme in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. We examined stomatal movement in a CHLM knockdown mutant, chlm, and found that it also exhibited an ABA-insensitive phenotype. However, lost1 and chlm seedlings all showed normal expression of ABA-induced genes, such as RAB18 and RD29B, in response to ABA. These results suggest that the chlorophyll synthesis enzymes, Mg-chelatase complex and CHLM, specifically affect ABA signaling in the control of stomatal aperture and have no effect on ABA-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Tomiyama
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Inoue
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomo Tsuzuki
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Sayuri Morimoto
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yukiko Okigaki
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takaya Ohishi
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- />Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- />Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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144
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Marchadier E, Hetherington AM. Involvement of two-component signalling systems in the regulation of stomatal aperture by light in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:462-468. [PMID: 24758561 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-component signalling (TCS) systems play important roles in cytokinin and ethylene signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the involvement of histidine kinases (AHKs) in drought stress responses has been described, their role and that of histidine phosphotransferases (AHPs) in guard cell signalling remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of TCS genes, the histidine phosphotransferase AHP2 and the histidine kinases AHK2 and AHK3, previously reported to play roles in cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. We show that AHP2 is present in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and is involved in light-induced opening. We also present evidence that there is some redistribution of AHP2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm on addition of ABA. In addition, we provide data to support a role for the cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 in light-induced stomatal opening and, by inference, in controlling the stomatal sensitivity to ABA. Our results provide new insights into the operation of TCS in plants, cross-talk in stomatal signalling and, in particular, the process of light-induced stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Marchadier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
- INRA-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
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145
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Gläßer C, Haberer G, Finkemeier I, Pfannschmidt T, Kleine T, Leister D, Dietz KJ, Häusler RE, Grimm B, Mayer KFX. Meta-analysis of retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a core module of genes embedded in complex cellular signaling networks. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1167-90. [PMID: 24719466 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-to-nucleus signaling is essential for the coordination and adjustment of cellular metabolism in response to environmental and developmental cues of plant cells. A variety of operational retrograde signaling pathways have been described that are thought to be triggered by reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis redox imbalance, tetrapyrrole intermediates, and other metabolic traits. Here we report a meta-analysis based on transcriptome and protein interaction data. Comparing the output of these pathways reveals the commonalities and peculiarities stimulated by six different sources impinging on operational retrograde signaling. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay of these pathways, supporting the existence of an as-yet unknown core response module of genes being regulated under all conditions tested. Our analysis further highlights affiliated regulatory cis-elements and classifies abscisic acid and auxin-based signaling as secondary components involved in the response cascades following a plastidial signal. Our study provides a global analysis of structure and interfaces of different pathways involved in plastid-to-nucleus signaling and a new view on this complex cellular communication network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gläßer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (LPCV), CEA/CNRS/UJF iRTSV, CEA Grenoble 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rainer Erich Häusler
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Franz Xaver Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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146
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Liu X, Hu XM, Jin LF, Shi CY, Liu YZ, Peng SA. Identification and transcript analysis of two glutamate decarboxylase genes, CsGAD1 and CsGAD2, reveal the strong relationship between CsGAD1 and citrate utilization in citrus fruit. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6253-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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147
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Gómez-Sagasti MT, Becerril JM, Martín I, Epelde L, Garbisu C. cDNA microarray assessment of early gene expression profiles in Escherichia coli cells exposed to a mixture of heavy metals. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:207-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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148
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Light-induced stomatal opening is affected by the guard cell protein kinase APK1b. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97161. [PMID: 24828466 PMCID: PMC4020820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Guard cells allow land plants to survive under restricted or fluctuating water availability. They control the exchange of gases between the external environment and the interior of the plant by regulating the aperture of stomatal pores in response to environmental stimuli such as light intensity, and are important regulators of plant productivity. Their turgor driven movements are under the control of a signalling network that is not yet fully characterised. A reporter gene fusion confirmed that the Arabidopsis APK1b protein kinase gene is predominantly expressed in guard cells. Infrared gas analysis and stomatal aperture measurements indicated that plants lacking APK1b are impaired in their ability to open their stomata on exposure to light, but retain the ability to adjust their stomatal apertures in response to darkness, abscisic acid or lack of carbon dioxide. Stomatal opening was not specifically impaired in response to either red or blue light as both of these stimuli caused some increase in stomatal conductance. Consistent with the reduction in maximum stomatal conductance, the relative water content of plants lacking APK1b was significantly increased under both well-watered and drought conditions. We conclude that APK1b is required for full stomatal opening in the light but is not required for stomatal closure.
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149
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Hayashi Y, Takahashi K, Inoue SI, Kinoshita T. Abscisic acid suppresses hypocotyl elongation by dephosphorylating plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:845-53. [PMID: 24492258 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is thought to mediate hypocotyl elongation, which is induced by the phytohormone auxin through the phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine of H(+)-ATPase. However, regulation of the H(+)-ATPase during hypocotyl elongation by other signals has not been elucidated. Hypocotyl elongation in etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana was suppressed by the H(+)-ATPase inhibitors vanadate and erythrosine B, and was significantly reduced in aha2-5, which is a knockout mutant of the major H(+)-ATPase isoform in etiolated seedlings. Application of the phytohormone ABA to etiolated seedlings suppressed hypocotyl elongation within 30 min at the half-inhibitory concentration (4.2 µM), and induced dephosphorylation of the penultimate threonine of H(+)-ATPase without affecting the amount of H(+)-ATPase. Interestingly, an ABA-insensitive mutant, abi1-1, did not show ABA inhibition of hypocotyl elongation or ABA-induced dephosphorylation of H(+)-ATPase. This indicates that ABI1, which is an early ABA signaling component through the ABA receptor PYR/PYL/RCARs (pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance 1-like/regulatory component of ABA receptor), is involved in these responses. In addition, we found that the fungal toxin fusiccocin (FC), an H(+)-ATPase activator, induced hypocotyl elongation and phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine of H(+)-ATPase, and that FC-induced hypocotyl elongation and phosphorylation of H(+)-ATPase were significantly suppressed by ABA. Taken together, these results indicate that ABA has an antagonistic effect on hypocotyl elongation through, at least in part, dephosphorylation of H(+)-ATPase in etiolated seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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Chater CCC, Oliver J, Casson S, Gray JE. Putting the brakes on: abscisic acid as a central environmental regulator of stomatal development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:376-391. [PMID: 24611444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are produced by a controlled series of epidermal cell divisions. The molecular underpinnings of this process are becoming well understood, but mechanisms that determine plasticity of stomatal patterning to many exogenous and environmental cues remain less clear. Light quantity and quality, vapour pressure deficit, soil water content, and CO2 concentration are detected by the plant, and new leaves adapt their stomatal densities accordingly. Mature leaves detect these environmental signals and relay messages to immature leaves to tell them how to adapt and grow. Stomata on mature leaves may act as stress signal-sensing and transduction centres, locally by aperture adjustment, and at long distance by optimizing stomatal density to maximize future carbon gain while minimizing water loss. Although mechanisms of stomatal aperture responses are well characterized, the pathways by which mature stomata integrate environmental signals to control immature epidermal cell fate, and ultimately stomatal density, are not. Here we evaluate current understanding of the latter through the influence of the former. We argue that mature stomata, as key portals by which plants coordinate their carbon and water relations, are controlled by abscisic acid (ABA), both metabolically and hydraulically, and that ABA is also a core regulator of environmentally determined stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar C C Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - James Oliver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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