101
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Brazier‐Hicks M, Knight KM, Sellars JD, Steel PG, Edwards R. Testing a chemical series inspired by plant stress oxylipin signalling agents for herbicide safening activity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:828-836. [PMID: 29330904 PMCID: PMC5873417 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbicide safening in cereals is linked to a rapid xenobiotic response (XR), involving the induction of glutathione transferases (GSTs). The XR is also invoked by oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins) released during plant stress, suggesting a link between these signalling agents and safening. To examine this relationship, a series of compounds modelled on the oxylipins 12-oxophytodienoic acid and phytoprostane 1, varying in lipophilicity and electrophilicity, were synthesized. Compounds were then tested for their ability to invoke the XR in Arabidopsis and protect rice seedlings exposed to the herbicide pretilachlor, as compared with the safener fenclorim. RESULTS Of the 21 compounds tested, three invoked the rapid GST induction associated with fenclorim. All compounds possessed two electrophilic carbon centres and a lipophilic group characteristic of both oxylipins and fenclorim. Minor effects observed in protecting rice seedlings from herbicide damage positively correlated with the XR, but did not provide functional safening. CONCLUSION The design of safeners based on the characteristics of oxylipins proved successful in deriving compounds that invoke a rapid XR in Arabidopsis but not in providing classical safening in a cereal. The results further support a link between safener and oxylipin signalling, but also highlight species-dependent differences in the responses to these compounds. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brazier‐Hicks
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐Upon‐TyneUK
| | | | - Jonathan D Sellars
- School of PharmacyNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐Upon‐TyneUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
| | | | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐Upon‐TyneUK
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102
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Chini A, Monte I, Zamarreño AM, Hamberg M, Lassueur S, Reymond P, Weiss S, Stintzi A, Schaller A, Porzel A, García-Mina JM, Solano R. An OPR3-independent pathway uses 4,5-didehydrojasmonate for jasmonate synthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:171-178. [PMID: 29291349 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) requires reduction of the JA precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) by OPDA reductase 3 (OPR3). Previous analyses of the opr3-1 Arabidopsis mutant suggested an OPDA signaling role independent of JA-Ile and its receptor COI1; however, this hypothesis has been challenged because opr3-1 is a conditional allele not completely impaired in JA-Ile biosynthesis. To clarify the role of OPR3 and OPDA in JA-independent defenses, we isolated and characterized a loss-of-function opr3-3 allele. Strikingly, opr3-3 plants remained resistant to necrotrophic pathogens and insect feeding, and activated COI1-dependent JA-mediated gene expression. Analysis of OPDA derivatives identified 4,5-didehydro-JA in wounded wild-type and opr3-3 plants. OPR2 was found to reduce 4,5-didehydro-JA to JA, explaining the accumulation of JA-Ile and activation of JA-Ile-responses in opr3-3 mutants. Our results demonstrate that in the absence of OPR3, OPDA enters the β-oxidation pathway to produce 4,5-ddh-JA as a direct precursor of JA and JA-Ile, thus identifying an OPR3-independent pathway for JA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, Navarre, Spain
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sally Weiss
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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103
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Dixon DP, Edwards R. Protein-Ligand Fishing in planta for Biologically Active Natural Products Using Glutathione Transferases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1659. [PMID: 30510558 PMCID: PMC6253249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Screening for natural products which bind to proteins in planta has been used to identify ligands of the plant-specific glutathione transferase (GST) tau (U) and phi (F) classes, that are present in large gene families in crops and weeds, but have largely undefined functions. When expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli these proteins have been found to tightly bind a diverse range of natural product ligands, with fatty acid-and porphyrinogen-derivatives associated with GSTUs and a range of heterocyclic compounds with GSTFs. With an interest in detecting the natural binding partners of these proteins in planta, we have expressed the two best characterized GSTs from Arabidopsis thaliana (At), AtGSTF2 and AtGSTU19, as Strep-tagged fusion proteins in planta. Following transient and stable expression in Nicotiana and Arabidopsis, respectively, the GSTs were recovered using Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography and the bound ligands desorbed and characterized by LC-MS. AtGSTF2 predominantly bound phenolic derivatives including S-glutathionylated lignanamides and methylated variants of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin. AtGSTU19 captured glutathionylated conjugates of oxylipins, indoles, and lignanamides. Whereas the flavonols and oxylipins appeared to be authentic in vivo ligands, the glutathione conjugates of the lignanamides and indoles were artifacts formed during extraction. When tested for their binding characteristics, the previously undescribed indole conjugates were found to be particularly potent inhibitors of AtGSTU19. Such ligand fishing has the potential to both give new insight into protein function in planta as well as identifying novel classes of natural product inhibitors of enzymes of biotechnological interest such as GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Dixon
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Robert Edwards,
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104
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Brazier‐Hicks M, Gershater M, Dixon D, Edwards R. Substrate specificity and safener inducibility of the plant UDP-glucose-dependent family 1 glycosyltransferase super-family. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:337-348. [PMID: 28640934 PMCID: PMC5785338 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain large numbers of family 1 UDP-glucose-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), including members that conjugate xenobiotics. Arabidopsis contains 107 UGT genes with 99 family members successfully expressed as glutathione transferase (GST)-fusion proteins in E. coli. A high-throughput catalytic screen was developed based on quantification of the fusion by measuring GST activity. UGT activity using UDP-glucose as donor was then determined using 11 synthetic acceptors bearing hydroxyl, amino and thiol groups that had been shown to undergo conjugation in plant extracts. In total, 44 UGTs, largely members of the D and E groups, were active towards xenobiotics, glucosylating phenol and thiol acceptors. In contrast, N-glucosyltransferase (NGT) activity was almost exclusively restricted to a single enzyme, UGT72B1. Using DNA microarrays, the induction of UGT transcripts following treatment with the herbicide safener fenclorim was compared in Arabidopsis and rice. D and L group members were the most safener-inducible UGTs in both species. The respective Arabidopsis enzymes showed low conjugating activity towards xenobiotics. Using Genevestigator, a small group of safened D and L UGTs were consistently induced in response to biotic and abiotic stress suggestive of protective activities beyond xenobiotic detoxification in both species. The induction of other detoxifying gene families following treatment with fenclorim, namely cytochromes P450 and glutathione transferases, further confirmed the selective enhancement of related subfamily members in the two species giving new insight into the safening response in cereals, where herbicide tolerance is enhanced compared with dicots, which are unresponsive to these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brazier‐Hicks
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural DevelopmentNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | - Robert Edwards
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural DevelopmentNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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105
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Zhang L, Xu B, Wu T, Wen MX, Fan LX, Feng ZZ, Paoletti E. Transcriptomic analysis of Pak Choi under acute ozone exposure revealed regulatory mechanism against ozone stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:236. [PMID: 29216819 PMCID: PMC5721698 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ground-level ozone (O3) is one of the major air pollutants, which cause oxidative injury to plants. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the responses of plants to O3 stress have been well investigated. However, there are limited reports about the molecular basis of plant responses to O3. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of Pak Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) exposed to different O3 concentrations was conducted for the first time. RESULTS Seedlings of Pak Choi with five leaves were exposed to non-filtered air (NF, 31 ppb) or elevated O3 (E-O3, 252 ppb) for 2 days (8 h per day, from 9:00-17:00). Compared with plants in the NF, a total of 675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in plants under E-O3, including 219 DEGs with decreased expressions and 456 DEGs with increased expressions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that O3 stress invoked multiple cellular defense pathways to mitigate the impaired cellular integrity and metabolism, including 'glutathione metabolism', 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'sulfur metabolism', 'glucosinolate biosynthesis', 'cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis' and others. Transcription factors potentially involved in this cellular regulation were also found, such as AP2-ERF, WRKY, JAZ, MYB etc. Based on the RNA-Seq data and previous studies, a working model was proposed integrating O3 caused reactive oxygen burst, oxidation-reduction regulation, jasmonic acid and downstream functional genes for the regulation of cellular homeostasis after acute O3 stress. CONCLUSION The present results provide a valuable insight into the molecular responses of Pak Choi to acute O3 stress and the specific DEGs revealed in this study could be used for further functional identification of key allelic genes determining the O3 sensitivity of Pak Choi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mu-xuan Wen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lian-xue Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao-zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
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106
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Tagnon MD, Simeon KO. Aldehyde dehydrogenases may modulate signaling by lipid peroxidation-derived bioactive aldehydes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1387707. [PMID: 28990846 PMCID: PMC5703241 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1387707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde molecules were shown to induce gene expression but because of their toxicity, the cell expresses ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASES (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) that oxidize them to carboxylic acids. To understand how the aldehydes may be both toxic and gene activators, we expressed the ALDH7B4 gene promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene in independent transgenic lines and found that pentanal and trans-2-hexenal activated the promoter whereas trans-2-hexenal induced the ALDH7B4 protein. Paraquat led to higher amounts of malondialdehyde compared to trans-2-hexenal and H2O2, and only the treatment by Paraquat activated the ALDH7B4 promoter, indicating that a threshold level of aldehydes is required for gene activation. These findings suggest that ALDH activity may also serve to fine-tune gene activation by the aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotchoni O. Simeon
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
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107
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Scala A, Mirabella R, Goedhart J, de Vries M, Haring MA, Schuurink RC. Forward genetic screens identify a role for the mitochondrial HER2 in E-2-hexenal responsiveness. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:399-409. [PMID: 28918565 PMCID: PMC5688203 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work adds a new player, HER2, downstream of the perception of E-2-hexenal, a green leaf volatile, and shows that E-2-hexenal specifically changes the redox status of the mitochondria. It is widely accepted that plants produce and respond to green leaf volatiles (GLVs), but the molecular components involved in transducing their perception are largely unknown. The GLV E-2-hexenal inhibits root elongation in seedlings and, using this phenotype, we isolated E-2-hexenal response (her) Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Using map-based cloning we positioned the her2 mutation to the At5g63620 locus, resulting in a phenylalanine instead of serine on position 223. Knockdown and overexpression lines of HER2 confirmed the role of HER2, which encodes an oxidoreductase, in the responsiveness to E-2-hexenal. Since E-2-hexenal is a reactive electrophile species, which are known to influence the redox status of cells, we utilized redox sensitive GFP2 (roGFP2) to determine the redox status of E-2-hexenal-treated root cells. Since the signal peptide of HER2 directed mCherry to the mitochondria, we targeted the expression of roGFP2 to this organelle besides the cytosol. E-2-hexenal specifically induced a change in the redox status in the mitochondria. We did not see a difference in the redox status in her2 compared to wild-type Arabidopsis. Still, the mitochondrial redox status did not change with Z-3-hexenol, another abundant GLV. These results indicate that HER2 is involved in transducing the perception of E-2-hexenal, which changes the redox status of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Scala
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossana Mirabella
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Department of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel de Vries
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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108
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Insight into the contribution of isoprostanoids to the health effects of omega 3 PUFAs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:111-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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109
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Wong DCJ, Lopez Gutierrez R, Gambetta GA, Castellarin SD. Genome-wide analysis of cis-regulatory element structure and discovery of motif-driven gene co-expression networks in grapevine. DNA Res 2017; 24:311-326. [PMID: 28119334 PMCID: PMC5499852 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming ensures a plant’s continued growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions. Transcription factors (TFs) act to modulate gene expression through complex cis-regulatory element (CRE) interactions. Genome-wide analysis of known plant CREs was performed for all currently predicted protein-coding gene promoters in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Many CREs such as abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive, drought-responsive, auxin-responsive, and evening elements, exhibit bona fide CRE properties such as strong position bias towards the transcription start site (TSS) and over-representation when compared with random promoters. Genes containing these CREs are enriched in a large repertoire of plant biological pathways. Large-scale transcriptome analyses also show that these CREs are highly implicated in grapevine development and stress response. Numerous CRE-driven modules in condition-specific gene co-expression networks (GCNs) were identified and many of these modules were highly enriched for plant biological functions. Several modules corroborate known roles of CREs in drought response, pathogen defense, cell wall metabolism, and fruit ripening, whereas others reveal novel functions in plants. Comparisons with Arabidopsis suggest a general conservation in promoter architecture, gene expression dynamics, and GCN structure across species. Systems analyses of CREs provide insights into the grapevine cis-regulatory code and establish a foundation for future genomic studies in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Alan Gambetta
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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110
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Nianiou-Obeidat I, Madesis P, Kissoudis C, Voulgari G, Chronopoulou E, Tsaftaris A, Labrou NE. Plant glutathione transferase-mediated stress tolerance: functions and biotechnological applications. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:791-805. [PMID: 28391528 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18, GSTs) are an ancient, multimember and diverse enzyme class. Plant GSTs have diverse roles in plant development, endogenous metabolism, stress tolerance, and xenobiotic detoxification. Their study embodies both fundamental aspects and agricultural interest, because of their ability to confer tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and to detoxify herbicides. Here we review the biotechnological applications of GSTs towards developing plants that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. We integrate recent discoveries, highlight, and critically discuss the underlying biochemical and molecular pathways involved. We elaborate that the functions of GSTs in abiotic and biotic stress adaptation are potentially a result of both catalytic and non-catalytic functions. These include conjugation of reactive electrophile species with glutathione and the modulation of cellular redox status, biosynthesis, binding, and transport of secondary metabolites and hormones. Their major universal functions under stress underline the potential in developing climate-resilient cultivars through a combination of molecular and conventional breeding programs. We propose that future GST engineering efforts through rational and combinatorial approaches, would lead to the design of improved isoenzymes with purpose-designed catalytic activities and novel functional properties. Concurrent GST-GSH metabolic engineering can incrementally increase the effectiveness of GST biotechnological deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, P.O. Box 361, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Kissoudis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgia Voulgari
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsaftaris
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, P.O. Box 361, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855, Athens, Greece
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111
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de Souza A, Wang JZ, Dehesh K. Retrograde Signals: Integrators of Interorganellar Communication and Orchestrators of Plant Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:85-108. [PMID: 27813652 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interorganellar cooperation maintained via exquisitely controlled retrograde-signaling pathways is an evolutionary necessity for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This signaling feature has therefore attracted much research attention aimed at improving understanding of the nature of these communication signals, how the signals are sensed, and ultimately the mechanism by which they integrate targeted processes that collectively culminate in organellar cooperativity. The answers to these questions will provide insight into how retrograde-signal-mediated regulatory mechanisms are recruited and which biological processes are targeted, and will advance our understanding of how organisms balance metabolic investments in growth against adaptation to environmental stress. This review summarizes the present understanding of the nature and the functional complexity of retrograde signals as integrators of interorganellar communication and orchestrators of plant development, and offers a perspective on the future of this critical and dynamic area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amancio de Souza
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - Jin-Zheng Wang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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112
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Sun YH, Hung CY, Qiu J, Chen J, Kittur FS, Oldham CE, Henny RJ, Burkey KO, Fan L, Xie J. Accumulation of high OPDA level correlates with reduced ROS and elevated GSH benefiting white cell survival in variegated leaves. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44158. [PMID: 28276518 PMCID: PMC5343462 DOI: 10.1038/srep44158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variegated 'Marble Queen' (Epipremnum aureum) plant has white (VMW) and green (VMG) sectors within the same leaf. The white sector cells containing undifferentiated chloroplasts are viable, but the underlying mechanism for their survival and whether these white cells would use any metabolites as signal molecules to communicate with the nucleus for maintaining their viability remain unclear. We analyzed and compared phytohormone levels with their precursors produced in chloroplasts between VMW and VMG, and further compared their transcriptomes to understand the consequences related to the observed elevated 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), which was 9-fold higher in VMW than VMG. Transcriptomic study showed that a large group of OPDA-responsive genes (ORGs) were differentially expressed in VMW, including stress-related transcription factors and genes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, DNA replication and repair, and protein chaperones. Induced expression of these ORGs could be verified in OPDA-treated green plants. Reduced level of ROS and higher levels of glutathione in VMW were further confirmed. Our results suggest that elevated OPDA or its related compounds are recruited by white cells as a signaling molecule(s) to up-regulate stress and scavenging activity related genes that leads to reduced ROS levels and provides survival advantages to the white cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Farooqahmed S. Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Carla E. Oldham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Richard J. Henny
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Kent O. Burkey
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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113
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Han GZ. Evolution of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1323-1331. [PMID: 28007954 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are phytohormones that modulate a wide spectrum of plant physiological processes, especially defense against herbivores and necrotrophs. The molecular mechanisms of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling have been well characterized in model plants. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis and overview of the origin and evolution of the jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the striking parallels between jasmonate and auxin signaling mechanisms, which reveals a common ancestry of these signaling mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the importance of studying jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in lower plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Zhu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
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Carrasco-Del Amor AM, Aguayo E, Collado-González J, Guy A, Galano JM, Durand T, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Impact of processing conditions on the phytoprostanes profile of three types of nut kernels. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:141-147. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1288909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Carrasco-Del Amor
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Unit of Food Quality and Health, UPCT, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Encarna Aguayo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Unit of Food Quality and Health, UPCT, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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115
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Sham A, Moustafa K, Al-Shamisi S, Alyan S, Iratni R, AbuQamar S. Microarray analysis of Arabidopsis WRKY33 mutants in response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172343. [PMID: 28207847 PMCID: PMC5313235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY33 transcription factor was reported for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Using microarray-based analysis, we compared Arabidopsis WRKY33 overexpressing lines and wrky33 mutant that showed altered susceptibility to B. cinerea with their corresponding wild-type plants. In the wild-type, about 1660 genes (7% of the transcriptome) were induced and 1054 genes (5% of the transcriptome) were repressed at least twofold at early stages of inoculation with B. cinerea, confirming previous data of the contribution of these genes in B. cinerea resistance. In Arabidopsis wild-type plant infected with B. cinerea, the expressions of the differentially expressed genes encoding for proteins and metabolites involved in pathogen defense and non-defense responses, seem to be dependent on a functional WRKY33 gene. The expression profile of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid- and phytoprostane A1-treated Arabidopsis plants in response to B. cinerea revealed that cyclopentenones can also modulate WRKY33 regulation upon inoculation with B. cinerea. These results support the role of electrophilic oxylipins in mediating plant responses to B. cinerea infection through the TGA transcription factor. Future directions toward the identification of the molecular components in cyclopentenone signaling will elucidate the novel oxylipin signal transduction pathways in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma Al-Shamisi
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofyan Alyan
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Independent Effects of a Herbivore's Bacterial Symbionts on Its Performance and Induced Plant Defences. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010182. [PMID: 28106771 PMCID: PMC5297814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that microbial pathogens and herbivores elicit defence responses in plants. Moreover, microorganisms associated with herbivores, such as bacteria or viruses, can modulate the plant’s response to herbivores. Herbivorous spider mites can harbour different species of bacterial symbionts and exert a broad range of effects on host-plant defences. Hence, we tested the extent to which such symbionts affect the plant’s defences induced by their mite host and assessed if this translates into changes in plant resistance. We assessed the bacterial communities of two strains of the common mite pest Tetranychus urticae. We found that these strains harboured distinct symbiotic bacteria and removed these using antibiotics. Subsequently, we tested to which extent mites with and without symbiotic bacteria induce plant defences in terms of phytohormone accumulation and defence gene expression, and assessed mite oviposition and survival as a measure for plant resistance. We observed that the absence/presence of these bacteria altered distinct plant defence parameters and affected mite performance but we did not find indications for a causal link between the two. We argue that although bacteria-related effects on host-induced plant defences may occur, these do not necessarily affect plant resistance concomitantly.
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Kasten D, Mithöfer A, Georgii E, Lang H, Durner J, Gaupels F. Nitrite is the driver, phytohormones are modulators while NO and H2O2 act as promoters of NO2-induced cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6337-6349. [PMID: 27811003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-induced toxicity and cell death in plants. Exposure of Arabidopsis to high concentrations of NO2 induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. No leaf symptoms were visible after fumigation for 1 h with 10 parts per million (ppm) NO2 However, 20 ppm NO2 caused necrotic lesion formation and 30 ppm NO2 complete leaf collapse, which had already started during the 1 h fumigation period. NO2 fumigation resulted in a massive accumulation of nitrite and in protein modifications by S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Nitric oxide (NO) at 30 ppm did not trigger leaf damage or any of the effects observed after NO2 fumigation. The onset of NO2-induced cell death correlated with NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling and a decrease in antioxidants. NO- and H2O2-accumulating mutants were more sensitive to NO2 than wild-type plants. Accordingly, experiments with specific scavengers confirmed that NO and H2O2 are essential promoters of NO2-induced cell death. Leaf injection of 100 mM nitrite caused an increase in S-nitrosylation, NO, H2O2, and cell death suggesting that nitrite functioned as a mediator of NO2-induced effects. A targeted screening of phytohormone mutants revealed a protective role of salicylic acid (SA) signaling in response to NO2 It was also shown that phytohormones were modulators rather than inducers of NO2-induced cell death. The established experimental set-up is a suitable system to investigate NO2 and cell death signaling in large-scale mutant screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Kasten
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Expression takes place for most of the jasmonic acid (JA)-induced genes in a COI1-dependent manner via perception of its conjugate JA-Ile in the SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. There are, however, numerous genes and processes, which are preferentially induced COI1-independently by the precursor of JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). After recent identification of the Ile-conjugate of OPDA, OPDA-Ile, biological activity of this compound could be unequivocally proven in terms of gene expression. Any interference of OPDA, JA, or JA-Ile in OPDA-Ile-induced gene expression could be excluded by using different genetic background. The data suggest individual signaling properties of OPDA-Ile. Future studies for analysis of an SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor-independent route of signaling are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- CONTACT Bettina Hause Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany, Weinberg 3, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, D06120
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Carrasco-Del Amor AM, Aguayo E, Collado-González J, Guy A, Galano JM, Durand T, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Impact of packaging atmosphere, storage and processing conditions on the generation of phytoprostanes as quality processing compounds in almond kernels. Food Chem 2016; 211:869-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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120
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Muench M, Hsin CH, Ferber E, Berger S, Mueller MJ. Reactive electrophilic oxylipins trigger a heat stress-like response through HSFA1 transcription factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6139-6148. [PMID: 27811081 PMCID: PMC5100025 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses are often characterized by an induction of reactive electrophile species (RES) such as the jasmonate 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) or the structurally related phytoprostanes. Previously, RES oxylipins have been shown massively to induce heat-shock-response (HSR) genes including HSP101 chaperones. Moreover, jasmonates have been reported to play a role in basal thermotolerance. We show that representative HSR marker genes are strongly induced by RES oxylipins through the four master regulator transcription factors HSFA1a, b, d, and e essential for short-term adaptation to heat stress in Arabidopsis. When compared with Arabidopsis seedlings treated at the optimal acclimation temperature of 37 °C, the exogenous application of RES oxylipins at 20 °C induced a much weaker induction of HSP101 at both the gene and protein expression levels which, however, was not sufficient to confer short-term acquired thermotolerance. Moreover, jasmonate-deficient mutant lines displayed a wild-type-like HSR and were not compromised in acquiring thermotolerance. Hence, the OPDA- and RES oxylipin-induced HSR is not sufficient to protect seedlings from severe heat stress but may help plants to cope better with stresses associated with protein unfolding by inducing a battery of chaperones in the absence of heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Muench
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsin
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
- * Present address: Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Ferber
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Yin YL, Zhou Y, Zhou YH, Shi K, Zhou J, Yu Y, Yu JQ, Xia XJ. Interplay between mitogen-activated protein kinase and nitric oxide in brassinosteroid-induced pesticide metabolism in Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:221-31. [PMID: 27236431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced stress tolerance, however, their functions in BR-induced pesticides metabolism remain unclear. Here, we showed that MPK activity and transcripts of SlMPK1 and SlMPK2 were induced by chlorothalonil (CHT), a widely used fungicide, in tomato leaves. However, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 compromised the 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced upregulation of detoxification genes and CHT metabolism in tomato leaves. In addition, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 inhibited the accumulation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO), the reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in plants, whereas tungstate, the inhibitor of nitrate reductase (NR), blocked EBR-induced SNO accumulation and MPK activity. Inhibiting the accumulation of NO by cPTIO, the specific scavenger and tungstate abolished the EBR-induced upregulation of detoxification genes, glutathione accumulation and CHT metabolism. The results showed that MPK and NR-dependent NO were involved in BR-induced CHT metabolism. Notably, there was a positive crosstalk between the MPK and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Huang LJ, Li N, Thurow C, Wirtz M, Hell R, Gatz C. Ectopically expressed glutaredoxin ROXY19 negatively regulates the detoxification pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:200. [PMID: 27624344 PMCID: PMC5022239 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small proteins which bind glutathione to either reduce disulfide bonds or to coordinate iron sulfur clusters. Whereas these well-established functions are associated with ubiquitously occurring GRXs that encode variants of a CPYC or a CGFS motif in the active center, land plants also possess CCxC/S-type GRXs (named ROXYs) for which the biochemical functions are yet unknown. ROXYs physically and genetically interact with bZIP transcription factors of the TGA family. In Arabidopsis, ectopically expressed ROXY19 (originally named GRX480 or GRXC9) negatively regulates expression of jasmonic acid/ethylene-induced defense genes through an unknown mechanism that requires at least one of the redundant transcription factors TGA2, TGA5 or TGA6. RESULTS Ectopically expressed ROXY19 interferes with the activation of TGA-dependent detoxification genes. Similar to the tga2 tga5 tga6 mutant, 35S:ROXY19 plants are more susceptible to the harmful chemical TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid). The repressive function of ROXY19 depends on the integrity of the active site, which can be either CCMC or CPYC but not SSMS. Ectopic expression of the related GRX ROXY18/GRXS13 also led to increased susceptibility to TIBA, indicating potential functional redundancy of members of the ROXY gene family. This redundancy might explain why roxy19 knock-out plants did not show a phenotype with respect to the regulation of the TIBA-induced detoxification program. Complementation of the tga2 tga5 tga6 mutant with either TGA5 or TGA5C186S, in which the single potential target-site of ROXY19 had been eliminated, did not reveal any evidence for a critical redox modification that might be important for controlling the detoxification program. CONCLUSIONS ROXY19 and related proteins of the ROXY gene family can function as negative regulators of TGA-dependent promoters controlling detoxification genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Arnold MD, Gruber C, Floková K, Miersch O, Strnad M, Novák O, Wasternack C, Hause B. The Recently Identified Isoleucine Conjugate of cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Is Partially Active in cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid-Specific Gene Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162829. [PMID: 27611078 PMCID: PMC5017875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins of the jasmonate family are active as signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Jasmonic acid (JA), its precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and the isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) are the most prominent members. OPDA and JA-Ile have individual signalling properties in several processes and differ in their pattern of gene expression. JA-Ile, but not OPDA, is perceived by the SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. There are, however, numerous processes and genes specifically induced by OPDA. The recently identified OPDA-Ile suggests that OPDA specific responses might be mediated upon formation of OPDA-Ile. Here, we tested OPDA-Ile-induced gene expression in wild type and JA-deficient, JA-insensitive and JA-Ile-deficient mutant background. Tests on putative conversion of OPDA-Ile during treatments revealed only negligible conversion. Expression of two OPDA-inducible genes, GRX480 and ZAT10, by OPDA-Ile could be detected in a JA-independent manner in Arabidopsis seedlings but less in flowering plants. The data suggest a bioactivity in planta of OPDA-Ile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D. Arnold
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gruber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Miersch
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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Valenzuela CE, Acevedo-Acevedo O, Miranda GS, Vergara-Barros P, Holuigue L, Figueroa CR, Figueroa PM. Salt stress response triggers activation of the jasmonate signaling pathway leading to inhibition of cell elongation in Arabidopsis primary root. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4209-20. [PMID: 27217545 PMCID: PMC5301928 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a severe abiotic stress that affects irrigated croplands. Jasmonate (JA) is an essential hormone involved in plant defense against herbivory and in responses to abiotic stress. However, the relationship between the salt stress response and the JA pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana is not well understood at molecular and cellular levels. In this work we investigated the activation of JA signaling by NaCl and its effect on primary root growth. We found that JA-responsive JAZ genes were up-regulated by salt stress in a COI1-dependent manner in the roots. Using a JA-Ile sensor we demonstrated that activation of JA signaling by salt stress occurs in the meristematic zone and stele of the differentiation zone and that this activation was dependent on JAR1 and proteasome functions. Another finding is that the elongation zone (EZ) and its cortical cells were significantly longer in JA-related mutants (AOS, COI1, JAZ3 and MYC2/3/4 genes) compared with wild-type plants under salt stress, revealing the participation of the canonical JA signaling pathway. Noteworthy, osmotic stress - a component of salt stress - inhibited cell elongation in the EZ in a COI1-dependent manner. We propose that salt stress triggers activation of the JA signaling pathway followed by inhibition of cell elongation in the EZ. We have shown that salt-inhibited root growth partially involves the jasmonate signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo E Valenzuela
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Orlando Acevedo-Acevedo
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Giovanna S Miranda
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Loreto Holuigue
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Pablo M Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
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Nitschke S, Cortleven A, Iven T, Feussner I, Havaux M, Riefler M, Schmülling T. Circadian Stress Regimes Affect the Circadian Clock and Cause Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Cell Death in Cytokinin-Deficient Arabidopsis Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1616-39. [PMID: 27354555 PMCID: PMC4981127 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock helps plants measure daylength and adapt to changes in the day-night rhythm. We found that changes in the light-dark regime triggered stress responses, eventually leading to cell death, in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with reduced cytokinin levels or defective cytokinin signaling. Prolonged light treatment followed by a dark period induced stress and cell death marker genes while reducing photosynthetic efficiency. This response, called circadian stress, is also characterized by altered expression of clock and clock output genes. In particular, this treatment strongly reduced the expression of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). Intriguingly, similar changes in gene expression and cell death were observed in clock mutants lacking proper CCA1 and LHY function. Circadian stress caused strong changes in reactive oxygen species- and jasmonic acid (JA)-related gene expression. The activation of the JA pathway, involving the accumulation of JA metabolites, was crucial for the induction of cell death, since the cell death phenotype was strongly reduced in the jasmonate resistant1 mutant background. We propose that adaptation to circadian stress regimes requires a normal cytokinin status which, acting primarily through the AHK3 receptor, supports circadian clock function to guard against the detrimental effects of circadian stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nitschke
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michel Havaux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologies, CNRS UMR7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michael Riefler
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Hou Q, Ufer G, Bartels D. Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1029-48. [PMID: 26510494 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, N-acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid-dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid-binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid-protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancan Hou
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Guido Ufer
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
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127
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Simeonov SP, Nunes JPM, Guerra K, Kurteva VB, Afonso CAM. Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentenones. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5744-893. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500504w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svilen P. Simeonov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str, bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - João P. M. Nunes
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Krassimira Guerra
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanya B. Kurteva
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str, bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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128
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Walper E, Weiste C, Mueller MJ, Hamberg M, Dröge-Laser W. Screen Identifying Arabidopsis Transcription Factors Involved in the Response to 9-Lipoxygenase-Derived Oxylipins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153216. [PMID: 27073862 PMCID: PMC4830619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
13-Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins, such as jasmonates act as potent signaling molecules in plants. Although experimental evidence supports the impact of oxylipins generated by the 9-Lipoxygenase (9-LOX) pathway in root development and pathogen defense, their signaling function in plants remains largely elusive. Based on the root growth inhibiting properties of the 9-LOX-oxylipin 9-HOT (9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid), we established a screening approach aiming at identifying transcription factors (TFs) involved in signaling and/or metabolism of this oxylipin. Making use of the AtTORF-Ex (ArabidopsisthalianaTranscription Factor Open Reading Frame Expression) collection of plant lines overexpressing TF genes, we screened for those TFs which restore root growth on 9-HOT. Out of 6,000 lines, eight TFs were recovered at least three times and were therefore selected for detailed analysis. Overexpression of the basic leucine Zipper (bZIP) TF TGA5 and its target, the monoxygenase CYP81D11 reduced the effect of added 9-HOT, presumably due to activation of a detoxification pathway. The highly related ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs ERF106 and ERF107 induce a broad detoxification response towards 9-LOX-oxylipins and xenobiotic compounds. From a set of 18 related group S-bZIP factors isolated in the screen, bZIP11 is known to participate in auxin-mediated root growth and may connect oxylipins to root meristem function. The TF candidates isolated in this screen provide starting points for further attempts to dissect putative signaling pathways involving 9-LOX-derived oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Walper
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schikora A, Schenk ST, Hartmann A. Beneficial effects of bacteria-plant communication based on quorum sensing molecules of the N-acyl homoserine lactone group. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:605-12. [PMID: 26898296 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms play a crucial role in the proper performance and ecological fitness of bacterial populations. Many key physiological processes are regulated in a QS-dependent manner by auto-inducers, like the N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) in numerous Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, also the interaction between bacteria and eukaryotic hosts can be regulated by AHLs. Those mechanisms gained much attention, because of the positive effects of different AHL molecules on plants. This positive impact ranges from growth promotion to induced resistance and is quite contrasting to the rather negative effects observed in the interactions between bacterial AHL molecules and animals. Only very recently, we began to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant responses to AHL molecules. In this review, we gathered the latest information in this research field. The first part gives an overview of the bacterial aspects of quorum sensing. Later we focus on the impact of AHLs on plant growth and AHL-priming, as one of the most understood phenomena in respect to the inter-kingdom interactions based on AHL-quorum sensing molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the understanding of bacteria-plant interaction for the future agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schikora
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Sebastian T Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris-Saclay, INRA/CNRS, 630 rue de Noetzlin, Plateau du Moulon, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anton Hartmann
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department for Environmental Sciences, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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130
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Chang YL, Li WY, Miao H, Yang SQ, Li R, Wang X, Li WQ, Chen KM. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis and Expression Profiling of the NOX Gene Families under Abiotic Stresses and Hormones in Plants. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:791-810. [PMID: 26907500 PMCID: PMC4824067 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are key producers of reactive oxygen species under both normal and stress conditions in plants and they form functional subfamilies. Studies of these subfamilies indicated that they show considerable evolutionary selection. We performed a comparative genomic analysis that identified 50 ferric reduction oxidases (FRO) and 77 NOX gene homologs from 20 species representing the eight major plant lineages within the supergroup Plantae: glaucophytes, rhodophytes, chlorophytes, bryophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms, monocots, and eudicots. Phylogenetic and structural analysis classified these FRO and NOX genes into four well-conserved groups represented as NOX, FRO I, FRO II, and FRO III. Further analysis of NOXs of phylogenetic and exon/intron structures showed that single intron loss and gain had occurred, yielding the diversified gene structures during the evolution of NOXs family genes and which were classified into four conserved subfamilies which are represented as Sub.I, Sub.II, Sub.III, and Sub.IV. Additionally, both available global microarray data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR experiments revealed that the NOX genes in Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) have different expression patterns in different developmental stages, various abiotic stresses and hormone treatments. Finally, coexpression network analysis of NOX genes in Arabidopsis and rice revealed that NOXs have significantly correlated expression profiles with genes which are involved in plants metabolic and resistance progresses. All these results suggest that NOX family underscores the functional diversity and divergence in plants. This finding will facilitate further studies of the NOX family and provide valuable information for functional validation of this family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Argo-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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131
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Curien G, Giustini C, Montillet JL, Mas-Y-Mas S, Cobessi D, Ferrer JL, Matringe M, Grechkin A, Rolland N. The chloroplast membrane associated ceQORH putative quinone oxidoreductase reduces long-chain, stress-related oxidized lipids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:45-55. [PMID: 26678323 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions the lipid constituents of cells can undergo oxidation whose frequent consequence is the production of highly reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. These molecules are toxic because they can add to biomolecules (such as proteins and nucleic acids) and several enzyme activities cooperate to eliminate these reactive electrophile species. CeQORH (chloroplast envelope Quinone Oxidoreductase Homolog, At4g13010) is associated with the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope and imported into the organelle by an alternative import pathway. In the present study, we show that the recombinant ceQORH exhibits the activity of a NADPH-dependent α,β-unsaturated oxoene reductase reducing the double bond of medium-chain (C⩾9) to long-chain (18 carbon atoms) reactive electrophile species deriving from poly-unsaturated fatty acid peroxides. The best substrates of ceQORH are 13-lipoxygenase-derived γ-ketols. γ-Ketols are spontaneously produced in the chloroplast from the unstable allene oxide formed in the biochemical pathway leading to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, a precursor of the defense hormone jasmonate. In chloroplasts, ceQORH could detoxify 13-lipoxygenase-derived γ-ketols at their production sites in the membranes. This finding opens new routes toward the understanding of γ-ketols role and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Curien
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France; INRA, USC1359, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, UMR 5168, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France; INRA, USC1359, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, UMR 5168, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Montillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre de Cadarache, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie (IBEB), Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementale (SBVME), Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 7265, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sarah Mas-Y-Mas
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - David Cobessi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ferrer
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Matringe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France; INRA, USC1359, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, UMR 5168, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Grechkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France; INRA, USC1359, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, UMR 5168, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Floková K, Feussner K, Herrfurth C, Miersch O, Mik V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Feussner I, Wasternack C, Novák O. A previously undescribed jasmonate compound in flowering Arabidopsis thaliana - The identification of cis-(+)-OPDA-Ile. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:230-237. [PMID: 26675361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that integrate external stress stimuli with physiological responses. (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile is the natural JA ligand of COI1, a component of a known JA receptor. The upstream JA biosynthetic precursor cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-(+)-OPDA) has been reported to act independently of COI1 as an essential signal in several stress-induced and developmental processes. Wound-induced increases in the endogenous levels of JA/JA-Ile are accompanied by two to tenfold increases in the concentration of OPDA, but its means of perception and metabolism are unknown. To screen for putative OPDA metabolites, vegetative tissues of flowering Arabidopsis thaliana were extracted with 25% aqueous methanol (v/v), purified by single-step reversed-phase polymer-based solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by high throughput mass spectrometry. This enabled the detection and quantitation of a low abundant OPDA analog of the biologically active (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile in plant tissue samples. Levels of the newly identified compound and the related phytohormones JA, JA-Ile and cis-(+)-OPDA were monitored in wounded leaves of flowering Arabidopsis lines (Col-0 and Ws) and compared to the levels observed in Arabidopsis mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of JA (dde2-2, opr3) and JA-Ile (jar1). The observed cis-(+)-OPDA-Ile levels varied widely, raising questions concerning its role in Arabidopsis stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Floková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Otto Miersch
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mik
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Lehmeyer M, Hanko EKR, Roling L, Gonzalez L, Wehrs M, Hehl R. A cis-regulatory sequence from a short intergenic region gives rise to a strong microbe-associated molecular pattern-responsive synthetic promoter. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1155-65. [PMID: 26833485 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The high gene density in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves only relatively short intergenic regions for potential cis-regulatory sequences. To learn more about the regulation of genes harbouring only very short upstream intergenic regions, this study investigates a recently identified novel microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive cis-sequence located within the 101 bp long intergenic region upstream of the At1g13990 gene. It is shown that the cis-regulatory sequence is sufficient for MAMP-responsive reporter gene activity in the context of its native promoter. The 3' UTR of the upstream gene has a quantitative effect on gene expression. In context of a synthetic promoter, the cis-sequence is shown to achieve a strong increase in reporter gene activity as a monomer, dimer and tetramer. Mutation analysis of the cis-sequence determined the specific nucleotides required for gene expression activation. In transgenic A. thaliana the synthetic promoter harbouring a tetramer of the cis-sequence not only drives strong pathogen-responsive reporter gene expression but also shows a high background activity. The results of this study contribute to our understanding how genes with very short upstream intergenic regions are regulated and how these regions can serve as a source for MAMP-responsive cis-sequences for synthetic promoter design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Lehmeyer
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik K R Hanko
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Roling
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lilian Gonzalez
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Wehrs
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hehl
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
Most 'green' plants form green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are a familiar plant secondary metabolite, but knowledge of their physiological and ecological functions is limited. GLV formation is tightly suppressed when plant tissues are intact, but upon mechanical wounding, herbivore attack, or abiotic stresses, GLVs are formed rapidly, within seconds or minutes. Thus, this may be an important system for defense responses, allowing plants to protect themselves from damage as soon as possible. Because GLV formation in the natural environment is roughly related to the degree of stress in the plant life, sensing the amount of GLVs in the atmosphere might allow plants to recognize their surroundings. Because some plants respond to GLVs, they may communicate with GLVs. GLVs that contain α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups might activate signaling systems regulated under the redox state of plant cells. Plasma membranes would also be targets of interactions with GLVs. Additionally, the metabolism of GLVs in plant cells after absorption from the atmosphere could also be classified as a plant-plant interaction.
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135
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Christensen SA, Huffaker A, Hunter CT, Alborn HT, Schmelz EA. A maize death acid, 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid, is the predominant cyclopentenone signal present during multiple stress and developmental conditions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1120395. [PMID: 26669723 PMCID: PMC4883972 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently we investigated the function of the 9-lipoxygenase (LOX) derived cyclopentenones 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-OPEA) and 10-oxo-11,15-phytodienoic acid (10-OPDA) and identified their C-14 and C-12 derivatives. 10-OPEA accumulation is elicited by fungal and insect attack and acts as a strong inhibitor of microbial and herbivore growth. Although structurally similar, comparative analyses between 10-OPEA and its 13-LOX analog 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) demonstrate specificity in transcript accumulation linked to detoxification, secondary metabolism, jasmonate regulation, and protease inhibition. As a potent cell death signal, 10-OPEA activates cysteine protease activity leading to ion leakage and apoptotic-like DNA fragmentation. In this study we further elucidate the distribution, abundance, and functional roles of 10-OPEA, 10-OPDA, and 12-OPDA, in diverse organs under pathogen- and insect-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Christensen
- a Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- b Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Charles T Hunter
- a Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Hans T Alborn
- a Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Eric A Schmelz
- b Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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136
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Li Y, Scott R, Doughty J, Grant M, Qi B. Protein S-Acyltransferase 14: A Specific Role for Palmitoylation in Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:415-28. [PMID: 26537563 PMCID: PMC4704564 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Asp-His-His-Cys-Cys-rich domain-containing Protein S-Acyl Transferases (PATs) are multipass transmembrane proteins that catalyze S-acylation (commonly known as S-palmitoylation), the reversible posttranslational lipid modification of proteins. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins, contributes to their membrane association, and plays roles in protein trafficking and signaling. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are at least 24 PATs; previous studies on two PATs established important roles in growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we identified a, to our knowledge, novel PAT, AtPAT14, in Arabidopsis. Complementation studies in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Arabidopsis demonstrate that AtPAT14 possesses PAT enzyme activity. Disruption of AtPAT14 by T-DNA insertion resulted in an accelerated senescence phenotype. This coincided with increased transcript levels of some senescence-specific and pathogen-resistant marker genes. We show that early senescence of pat14 does not involve the signaling molecules jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, or autophagy, but associates with salicylic acid homeostasis and signaling. This strongly suggests that AtPAT14 plays a pivotal role in regulating senescence via salicylic acid pathways. Senescence is a complex process required for normal plant growth and development and requires the coordination of many genes and signaling pathways. However, precocious senescence results in loss of biomass and seed production. The negative regulation of leaf senescence by AtPAT14 in Arabidopsis highlights, to our knowledge for the first time, a specific role for palmitoylation in leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Li
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Rod Scott
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - James Doughty
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Murray Grant
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Baoxiu Qi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
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137
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Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) constitute a major class of plant regulators that coordinate responses to biotic and abiotic threats and important aspects of plant development. The core biosynthetic pathway converts linolenic acid released from plastid membrane lipids to the cyclopentenone cis-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) that is further reduced and shortened to jasmonic acid (JA) in peroxisomes. Abundant pools of OPDA esterified to plastid lipids also occur upon stress, mainly in the Arabidopsis genus. Long thought to be the bioactive hormone, JA only gains its pleiotropic hormonal properties upon conjugation into jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). The signaling pathway triggered when JA-Ile promotes the assembly of COI1-JAZ (Coronatine Insensitive 1-JAsmonate Zim domain) co-receptor complexes has been the focus of most recent research in the jasmonate field. In parallel, OPDA and several other JA derivatives are recognized for their separate activities and contribute to the diversity of jasmonate action in plant physiology. We summarize in this chapter the properties of different bioactive JAs and review elements known for their perception and signal transduction. Much progress has also been gained on the enzymatic processes governing JA-Ile removal. Two JA-Ile catabolic pathways, operating through ω-oxidation (cytochromes P450) or conjugate cleavage (amido hydrolases) shape signal dynamics to allow optimal control on defense. JA-Ile turnover not only participates in signal attenuation, but also impact the homeostasis of the entire JA metabolic pathway.
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138
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Xu E, Vaahtera L, Brosché M. Roles of Defense Hormones in the Regulation of Ozone-Induced Changes in Gene Expression and Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1776-94. [PMID: 26348016 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Apoplast, the diffusional space between plant cell plasma membranes, is an important medium for signaling within and between the cells. Apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in various biological processes. ROS signaling is interconnected with the response to several hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene. Using ozone (O3) to activate apoplastic ROS signaling, we performed global and targeted analysis of transcriptional changes and cell death assays to dissect the contribution of hormone signaling and various transcription factors (TFs) in the regulation of gene expression and cell death. The contributions of SA, JA, and ethylene were assessed through analysis of single, double, and triple mutants deficient in biosynthesis or signaling for all three hormones. Even in the triple mutant, the global gene expression responses to O3 were mostly similar to the wild-type. Cell death in the JA receptor mutant coi1-16 was suppressed by impairment of the NADPH oxidase RBOHF, suggesting a role for a ROS signal in limiting the spread of cell death. In response to apoplastic ROS, there is not a single signaling pathway that regulates gene expression or cell death. Instead, several pathways regulate the apoplastic ROS response via combinatorial or overlapping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xu
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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139
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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140
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Marcos R, Izquierdo Y, Vellosillo T, Kulasekaran S, Cascón T, Hamberg M, Castresana C. 9-Lipoxygenase-Derived Oxylipins Activate Brassinosteroid Signaling to Promote Cell Wall-Based Defense and Limit Pathogen Infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2324-34. [PMID: 26417008 PMCID: PMC4634075 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The oxylipins, a large family of oxygenated lipid derivatives, regulate plant development and immunity. Two members of the 9-lipoxygenase (9-LOX) oxylipin pathway, 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid and 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid, control root development and plant defense. Studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a series of 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid- and 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid-insensitive nonresponding to oxylipins (noxy) mutants showed the importance of the cell wall as a 9-LOX-induced defense component and the participation of NOXY proteins in signaling cell wall damage. Here, we examined 9-LOX signaling using the mutants lox1lox5, which lacks 9-LOX activity, and noxy2-2, which shows oxylipin insensitivity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutants in brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant hormones necessary for normal plant growth and the control of cell wall integrity, were also analyzed. Several lines of evidence indicated that 9-LOX-derived oxylipins induce BR synthesis and signaling to activate cell wall-based responses such as callose deposition and that constitutive activation of BR signaling in bri1-EMS-suppressor 1-D (bes1-D) plants enhances this response. We found that constitutive BR signaling in bes1-D and brassinolide-resistant 1-1D (bzr1-1D) mutants conferred resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. bes1-D and bzr1-1D showed increased resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum, an obligate biotrophic fungus that penetrates the cell wall for successful infection, whereas susceptibility was enhanced in lox1lox5 and noxy2-2. Our results indicate a sequential action of 9-LOX and BR signaling in activating cell wall-based defense, and this response prevents pathogen infection. These results show interaction between the 9-LOX and BR pathways and help to clarify their role in modulating plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Marcos
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Yovanny Izquierdo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Tamara Vellosillo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Satish Kulasekaran
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Tomás Cascón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
| | - Carmen Castresana
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain (R.M., Y.I., T.V., S.K., T.C., C.C.);Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (M.H.); andEnergy Biosciences Institute and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (T.V.)
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Marhuenda J, Medina S, Díaz-Castro A, Martínez-Hernández P, Arina S, Zafrilla P, Mulero J, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Dependency of Phytoprostane Fingerprints of Must and Wine on Viticulture and Enological Processes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9022-9028. [PMID: 26422255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wine is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages around the world. Red wine has demonstrated several benefits for health maintenance. One group of potential anti-inflammatory compounds is the phytoprostanes, oxidative degradation products of linolenic acid. The aim of the present study was to measure, for the first time, the phytoprostane content in wine and must by an UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method after solid-phase extraction. The data showed two predominant classes of phytoprostanes: F1- and D1-phytoprostane series. In wines, the total phytoprostane concentration ranged from 134.1 ± 2.3 to 216.2 ± 3.06 ng/mL. Musts showed concentrations between 21.4 ± 0.8 and 447.1 ± 15.8 ng/mL. The vinification and aging procedures for the production of wine seem to influence the final phytoprostane levels in red wine and to modify the phytoprostane profile. The high concentrations observed and previous reports on anti-inflammatory effects of phytoprostanes make further research on the benefits of phytoprostanes more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marhuenda
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, Murcia, Spain
- Food Science and Technology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Díaz-Castro
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Simón Arina
- Bodegas Baigorri S.L., Samaniego, Paı́s Vasco, Spain
| | - Pilar Zafrilla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana Mulero
- Food Science and Technology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, Murcia, Spain
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142
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Gollan PJ, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Photosynthetic light reactions: integral to chloroplast retrograde signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 27:180-91. [PMID: 26318477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast retrograde signalling is ultimately dependent on the function of the photosynthetic light reactions and not only guides the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to changing environmental and metabolic cues, but has a much wider influence on the growth and development of plants. New information generated during the past few years about regulation of photosynthetic light reactions and identification of the underlying regulatory proteins has paved the way towards better understanding of the signalling molecules produced in chloroplasts upon changes in the environment. Likewise, the availability of various mutants lacking regulatory functions has made it possible to address the role of excitation energy distribution and electron flow in the thylakoid membrane in inducing the retrograde signals from chloroplasts to the nucleus. Such signalling molecules also induce and interact with hormonal signalling cascades to provide comprehensive information from chloroplasts to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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143
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Tang JD, Perkins A, Williams WP, Warburton ML. Using genome-wide associations to identify metabolic pathways involved in maize aflatoxin accumulation resistance. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:673. [PMID: 26334534 PMCID: PMC4558830 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen that can contaminate grain infected with the fungus Aspergillus flavus. However, resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize is a complex trait with low heritability. Here, two complementary analyses were performed to better understand the mechanisms involved. The first coupled results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that accounted for linkage disequilibrium among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with gene-set enrichment for a pathway-based approach. The rationale was that the cumulative effects of genes in a pathway would give insight into genetic differences that distinguish resistant from susceptible lines of maize. The second involved finding non-pathway genes close to the most significant SNP-trait associations with the greatest effect on reducing aflatoxin in multiple environments. Unlike conventional GWAS, the latter analysis emphasized multiple aspects of SNP-trait associations rather than just significance and was performed because of the high genotype x environment variability exhibited by this trait. RESULTS The most significant metabolic pathway identified was jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. Specifically, there was at least one allelic variant for each step in the JA biosynthesis pathway that conferred an incremental decrease to the level of aflatoxin observed among the inbred lines in the GWAS panel. Several non-pathway genes were also consistently associated with lowered aflatoxin levels. Those with predicted functions related to defense were: leucine-rich repeat protein kinase, expansin B3, reversion-to-ethylene sensitivity1, adaptor protein complex2, and a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion protein. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic analysis provided strong evidence for several genes that were associated with aflatoxin resistance. Inbred lines that exhibited lower levels of aflatoxin accumulation tended to share similar haplotypes for genes specifically in the pathway of JA biosynthesis, along with several non-pathway genes with putative defense-related functions. Knowledge gained from these two complementary analyses has improved our understanding of population differences in aflatoxin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet D Tang
- USDA FS Forest Products Laboratory, Durability and Wood Protection, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Andy Perkins
- Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - W Paul Williams
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Marilyn L Warburton
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Mirabella R, Rauwerda H, Allmann S, Scala A, Spyropoulou EA, de Vries M, Boersma MR, Breit TM, Haring MA, Schuurink RC. WRKY40 and WRKY6 act downstream of the green leaf volatile E-2-hexenal in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:1082-96. [PMID: 26243404 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are known to be responsive to volatiles, but knowledge about the molecular players involved in transducing their perception remains scarce. We study the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to E-2-hexenal, one of the green leaf volatiles (GLV) that is produced upon wounding, herbivory or infection with pathogens. We have taken a transcriptomics approach to identify genes that are induced by E-2-hexenal, but not by defence hormones or other GLVs. Furthermore, by studying the promoters of early E-2-hexenal-induced genes we determined that the only statistically enriched cis-element was the W-box motif. Since members of the plant-specific family of WRKY transcription factors act in trans on this cis-element, we focused on WRKY6, 40 and 53 that were most strongly induced by E-2-hexenal. Root elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings of the wrky40 wrky6 double mutant was much less inhibited than in wt plants, similar to the E-2-hexenal-responsive mutant her1, which is perturbed in γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) metabolism. The induction of several of the E-2-hexenal-specific genes was much higher in the wrky40, wrky6 or wrky40 wrky6 mutants, including GAD4, a glutamate decarboxylase that catalyzes the formation of GABA from glutamate. In conclusion, WRKY6 and 40 seem to act as important players transducing E-2-hexenal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Mirabella
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Han Rauwerda
- MAD, Dutch Genomics Service & Support Provider, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Allmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Scala
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni A Spyropoulou
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Michel de Vries
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Boersma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Timo M Breit
- MAD, Dutch Genomics Service & Support Provider, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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145
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Maize death acids, 9-lipoxygenase-derived cyclopente(a)nones, display activity as cytotoxic phytoalexins and transcriptional mediators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11407-12. [PMID: 26305953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant damage promotes the interaction of lipoxygenases (LOXs) with fatty acids yielding 9-hydroperoxides, 13-hydroperoxides, and complex arrays of oxylipins. The action of 13-LOX on linolenic acid enables production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and its downstream products, termed "jasmonates." As signals, jasmonates have related yet distinct roles in the regulation of plant resistance against insect and pathogen attack. A similar pathway involving 9-LOX activity on linolenic and linoleic acid leads to the 12-OPDA positional isomer, 10-oxo-11-phytodienoic acid (10-OPDA) and 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-OPEA), respectively; however, physiological roles for 9-LOX cyclopentenones have remained unclear. In developing maize (Zea mays) leaves, southern leaf blight (Cochliobolus heterostrophus) infection results in dying necrotic tissue and the localized accumulation of 10-OPEA, 10-OPDA, and a series of related 14- and 12-carbon metabolites, collectively termed "death acids." 10-OPEA accumulation becomes wound inducible within fungal-infected tissues and at physiologically relevant concentrations acts as a phytoalexin by suppressing the growth of fungi and herbivores including Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, and Helicoverpa zea. Unlike previously established maize phytoalexins, 10-OPEA and 10-OPDA display significant phytotoxicity. Both 12-OPDA and 10-OPEA promote the transcription of defense genes encoding glutathione S transferases, cytochrome P450s, and pathogenesis-related proteins. In contrast, 10-OPEA only weakly promotes the accumulation of multiple protease inhibitor transcripts. Consistent with a role in dying tissue, 10-OPEA application promotes cysteine protease activation and cell death, which is inhibited by overexpression of the cysteine protease inhibitor maize cystatin-9. Unlike jasmonates, functions for 10-OPEA and associated death acids are consistent with specialized roles in local defense reactions.
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146
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Lv F, Zhou J, Zeng L, Xing D. β-cyclocitral upregulates salicylic acid signalling to enhance excess light acclimation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4719-32. [PMID: 25998906 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
β-cyclocitral (β-CC), a volatile oxidized derivative of β-carotene, can upregulate the expression of defence genes to enhance excess light (EL) acclimation. However, the signalling cascades underlying this process remain unclear. In this study, salicylic acid (SA) is involved in alleviating damage to promote β-CC-enhanced EL acclimation. In early stages of EL illumination, β-CC pretreatment induced SA accumulation and impeded reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the chloroplast. A comparative analysis of two SA synthesis pathways in Arabidopsis revealed that SA concentration mainly increased via the isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1)-mediated isochorismate pathway, which depended on essential regulative function of enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1). Further results showed that, in the process of β-CC-enhanced EL acclimation, nuclear localization of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was regulated by SA accumulation and NPR1 induced subsequent transcriptional reprogramming of gluthathione-S-transferase 5 (GST5) and GST13 implicated in detoxification. In summary, β-CC-induced SA synthesis contributes to EL acclimation response by decreasing ROS production in the chloroplast, promoting nuclear localization of NPR1, and upregulating GST transcriptional expression. This process is a possible molecular regulative mechanism of β-CC-enhanced EL acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lizhang Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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147
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Izbiańska K, Deckert J. Products of lipid, protein and RNA oxidation as signals and regulators of gene expression in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:405. [PMID: 26082792 PMCID: PMC4451250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are engaged in several processes essential for normal cell functioning, such as differentiation, anti-microbial defense, stimulus sensing and signaling. Interestingly, recent studies imply that cellular signal transduction and gene regulation are mediated not only directly by ROS but also by the molecules derived from ROS-mediated oxidation. Lipid peroxidation leads to non-enzymatic formation of oxylipins. These molecules were shown to modulate expression of signaling associated genes including genes encoding phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. Oxidized peptides derived from protein oxidation might be engaged in organelle-specific ROS signaling. In turn, oxidation of particular mRNAs leads to decrease in the level of encoded proteins and thus, contributes to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Present mini review summarizes latest findings concerning involvement of products of lipid, protein and RNA oxidation in signal transduction and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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148
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Chen S, Kim C, Lee JM, Lee HA, Fei Z, Wang L, Apel K. Blocking the QB-binding site of photosystem II by tenuazonic acid, a non-host-specific toxin of Alternaria alternata, activates singlet oxygen-mediated and EXECUTER-dependent signalling in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1069-80. [PMID: 25292361 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungal pathogens produce toxic compounds that induce cell death in infected plants. Often, the primary targets of these toxins and the way a plant responds to them are not known. In the present work, the effect of tenuazonic acid (TeA), a non-host-specific toxin of Alternaria alternata, on Arabidopsis thaliana has been analysed. TeA blocks the QB -binding site at the acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII). As a result, charge recombination at the reaction centre (RC) of PSII is expected to enhance the formation of the excited triplet state of the RC chlorophyll that promotes generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O₂). (1)O₂ activates a signalling pathway that depends on the two EXECUTER (EX) proteins EX1 and EX2 and triggers a programmed cell death response. In seedlings treated with TeA at half-inhibition concentration (1)O₂-mediated and EX-dependent signalling is activated as indicated by the rapid and transient up-regulation of (1)O₂-responsive genes in wild type, and its suppression in ex1/ex2 mutants. Lesion formation occurs when seedlings are exposed to higher concentrations of TeA for a longer period of time. Under these conditions, the programmed cell death response triggered by (1)O₂-mediated and EX-dependent signalling is superimposed by other events that also contribute to lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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149
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Sham A, Moustafa K, Al-Ameri S, Al-Azzawi A, Iratni R, AbuQamar S. Identification of Arabidopsis candidate genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses using comparative microarrays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125666. [PMID: 25933420 PMCID: PMC4416716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved with intricate mechanisms to cope with multiple environmental stresses. To adapt with biotic and abiotic stresses, plant responses involve changes at the cellular and molecular levels. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of combinations of different environmental stresses on the transcriptome level of Arabidopsis genome using public microarray databases. We investigated the role of cyclopentenones in mediating plant responses to environmental stress through TGA (TGACG motif-binding factor) transcription factor, independently from jasmonic acid. Candidate genes were identified by comparing plants inoculated with Botrytis cinerea or treated with heat, salt or osmotic stress with non-inoculated or non-treated tissues. About 2.5% heat-, 19% salinity- and 41% osmotic stress-induced genes were commonly upregulated by B. cinerea-treatment; and 7.6%, 19% and 48% of genes were commonly downregulated by B. cinerea-treatment, respectively. Our results indicate that plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are mediated by several common regulatory genes. Comparisons between transcriptome data from Arabidopsis stressed-plants support our hypothesis that some molecular and biological processes involved in biotic and abiotic stress response are conserved. Thirteen of the common regulated genes to abiotic and biotic stresses were studied in detail to determine their role in plant resistance to B. cinerea. Moreover, a T-DNA insertion mutant of the Responsive to Dehydration gene (rd20), encoding for a member of the caleosin (lipid surface protein) family, showed an enhanced sensitivity to B. cinerea infection and drought. Overall, the overlapping of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, coupled with the sensitivity of the rd20 mutant, may provide new interesting programs for increased plant resistance to multiple environmental stresses, and ultimately increases its chances to survive. Future research directions towards a better dissection of the potential crosstalk between B. cinerea, abiotic stress, and oxylipin signaling are of our particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Salma Al-Ameri
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Al-Azzawi
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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150
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Noctor G, Lelarge-Trouverie C, Mhamdi A. The metabolomics of oxidative stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:33-53. [PMID: 25306398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from increased availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key component of many responses of plants to challenging environmental conditions. The consequences for plant metabolism are complex and manifold. We review data on small compounds involved in oxidative stress, including ROS themselves and antioxidants and redox buffers in the membrane and soluble phases, and we discuss the wider consequences for plant primary and secondary metabolism. While metabolomics has been exploited in many studies on stress, there have been relatively few non-targeted studies focused on how metabolite signatures respond specifically to oxidative stress. As part of the discussion, we present results and reanalyze published datasets on metabolite profiles in catalase-deficient plants, which can be considered to be model oxidative stress systems. We emphasize the roles of ROS-triggered changes in metabolites as potential oxidative signals, and discuss responses that might be useful as markers for oxidative stress. Particular attention is paid to lipid-derived compounds, the status of antioxidants and antioxidant breakdown products, altered metabolism of amino acids, and the roles of phytohormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | | | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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