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Wang T, Tohge T, Ivakov A, Mueller-Roeber B, Fernie AR, Mutwil M, Schippers JHM, Persson S. Salt-Related MYB1 Coordinates Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling during Salt Stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1027-41. [PMID: 26243618 PMCID: PMC4587467 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, cause global yield loss of all major crop plants. Factors and mechanisms that can aid in plant breeding for salt stress tolerance are therefore of great importance for food and feed production. Here, we identified a MYB-like transcription factor, Salt-Related MYB1 (SRM1), that negatively affects Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed germination under saline conditions by regulating the levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Accordingly, several ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes act directly downstream of SRM1, including SALT TOLERANT1/NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION26, and Arabidopsis NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN19. Furthermore, SRM1 impacts vegetative growth and leaf shape. We show that SRM1 is an important transcriptional regulator that directly targets ABA biosynthesis and signaling-related genes and therefore may be regarded as an important regulator of ABA-mediated salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
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102
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Borg M, Berger F. Chromatin remodelling during male gametophyte development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:177-188. [PMID: 25892182 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant life cycle alternates between a diploid sporophytic phase and haploid gametophytic phase, with the latter giving rise to the gametes. Male gametophyte development encompasses two mitotic divisions that results in a simple three-celled structure knows as the pollen grain, in which two sperm cells are encased within a larger vegetative cell. Both cell types exhibit a very different type of chromatin organization - highly condensed in sperm cell nuclei and highly diffuse in the vegetative cell. Distinct classes of histone variants have dynamic and differential expression in the two cell lineages of the male gametophyte. Here we review how the dynamics of histone variants are linked to reprogramming of chromatin activities in the male gametophyte, compaction of the sperm cell genome and zygotic transitions post-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Borg
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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103
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Lu Y, Wei L, Wang T. Methods to isolate a large amount of generative cells, sperm cells and vegetative nuclei from tomato pollen for "omics" analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:391. [PMID: 26082789 PMCID: PMC4451641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of sperm cells (SCs) from microspores involves a set of finely regulated molecular and cellular events and the coordination of these events. The mechanisms underlying these events and their interconnections remain a major challenge. Systems analysis of genome-wide molecular networks and functional modules with high-throughput "omics" approaches is crucial for understanding the mechanisms; however, this study is hindered because of the difficulty in isolating a large amount of cells of different types, especially generative cells (GCs), from the pollen. Here, we optimized the conditions of tomato pollen germination and pollen tube growth to allow for long-term growth of pollen tubes in vitro with SCs generated in the tube. Using this culture system, we developed methods for isolating GCs, SCs and vegetative cell nuclei (VN) from just-germinated tomato pollen grains and growing pollen tubes and their purification by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The purity and viability of isolated GCs and SCs were confirmed by microscopy examination and fluorescein diacetate staining, respectively, and the integrity of VN was confirmed by propidium iodide staining. We could obtain about 1.5 million GCs and 2.0 million SCs each from 180 mg initiated pollen grains, and 10 million VN from 270 mg initiated pollen grains germinated in vitro in each experiment. These methods provide the necessary preconditions for systematic biology studies of SC development and differentiation in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Liqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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104
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Lee HG, Seo PJ. The MYB96-HHP module integrates cold and abscisic acid signaling to activate the CBF-COR pathway in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:962-977. [PMID: 25912720 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Various environmental stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproductive success. Plants have therefore evolved sophisticated adaptive responses to deal with environmental challenges. The responses of plants to environmental stresses are mainly mediated by abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways. While these two pathways have been implicated to play discrete roles in abiotic stress responses, accumulating evidence suggests that they are also intertwined. Here, we report that an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, MYB96, integrates the ABA and cold signaling pathways. In addition to its role in ABA-mediated drought responses, MYB96 is also induced by cold stress in an ABA-independent manner and subsequently activates freezing tolerance. Notably, MYB96 regulates HEPTAHELICAL PROTEIN (HHP) genes by binding to their promoters. The HHP proteins, in turn, interact with C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) upstream regulators, such as INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), ICE2, and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 3 (CAMTA3). The specific interactive networks of HHPs with the CBF upstream regulators are necessary to facilitate transcriptional activation of the CBF regulon under stressful conditions. Together, the MYB96-HHP module integrates ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signals and activates the CBF pathway, ensuring plant adaptation to a wide range of adverse environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
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105
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Dong X, Nou IS, Yi H, Hur Y. Suppression of ASKβ (AtSK32), a Clade III Arabidopsis GSK3, Leads to the Pollen Defect during Late Pollen Development. Mol Cells 2015; 38:506-17. [PMID: 25997736 PMCID: PMC4469908 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis Shaggy-like protein kinases (ASKs) are Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinases (GSK3/SGG), which are comprised of 10 genes with diverse functions. To dissect the function of ASKβ (AtSK32), ASKβ antisense transgenic plants were generated, revealing the effects of ASKβ down-regulation in Arabidopsis. Suppression of ASKβ expression specifically interfered with pollen development and fertility without altering the plants' vegetative phenotypes, which differed from the phenotypes reported for Arabidopsis plants defective in other ASK members. The strength of these phenotypes showed an inverse correlation with the expression levels of ASKβ and its co-expressed genes. In the aborted pollen of ASKβ antisense plants, loss of nuclei and shrunken cytoplasm began to appear at the bicellular stage of microgametogenesis. The in silico analysis of promoter and the expression characteristics implicate ASKβ is associated with the expression of genes known to be involved in sperm cell differentiation. We speculate that ASKβ indirectly affects the transcription of its co-expressed genes through the phosphorylation of its target proteins during late pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Dong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742,
Korea
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
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106
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Rutley N, Twell D. A decade of pollen transcriptomics. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:73-89. [PMID: 25761645 PMCID: PMC4432081 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overview of pollen transcriptome studies. Pollen development is driven by gene expression, and knowledge of the molecular events underlying this process has undergone a quantum leap in the last decade through studies of the transcriptome. Here, we outline historical evidence for male haploid gene expression and review the wealth of pollen transcriptome data now available. Knowledge of the transcriptional capacity of pollen has progressed from genetic studies to the direct analysis of RNA and from gene-by-gene studies to analyses on a genomic scale. Microarray and/or RNA-seq data can now be accessed for all phases and cell types of developing pollen encompassing 10 different angiosperms. These growing resources have accelerated research and will undoubtedly inspire new directions and the application of system-based research into the mechanisms that govern the development, function and evolution of angiosperm pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
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107
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Lafleur E, Kapfer C, Joly V, Liu Y, Tebbji F, Daigle C, Gray-Mitsumune M, Cappadocia M, Nantel A, Matton DP. The FRK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) from Solanum chacoense is involved in embryo sac and pollen development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1833-43. [PMID: 25576576 PMCID: PMC4378624 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The fertilization-related kinase 1 (ScFRK1), a nuclear-localized mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) from the wild potato species Solanum chacoense, belongs to a small group of pMEKKs that do not possess an extended N- or C-terminal regulatory domain. Initially selected based on its highly specific expression profile following fertilization, in situ expression analyses revealed that the ScFRK1 gene is also expressed early on during female gametophyte development in the integument and megaspore mother cell and, later, in the synergid and egg cells of the embryo sac. ScFRK1 mRNAs are also detected in pollen mother cells. Transgenic plants with lower or barely detectable levels of ScFRK1 mRNAs lead to the production of small fruits with severely reduced seed set, resulting from a concomitant decline in the number of normal embryo sacs produced. Megagametogenesis and microgametogenesis were affected, as megaspores did not progress beyond the functional megaspore (FG1) stage and the microspore collapsed around the first pollen mitosis. As for other mutants that affect embryo sac development, pollen tube guidance was severely affected in the ScFRK1 transgenic lines. Gametophyte to sporophyte communication was also affected, as observed from a marked change in the transcriptomic profiles of the sporophytic tissues of the ovule. The ScFRK1 MAPKKK is thus involved in a signalling cascade that regulates both male and female gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lafleur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Christelle Kapfer
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Valentin Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Faiza Tebbji
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Caroline Daigle
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Madoka Gray-Mitsumune
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mario Cappadocia
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - André Nantel
- Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Daniel P Matton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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108
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Schoft VK, Chumak N, Bindics J, Slusarz L, Twell D, Köhler C, Tamaru H. SYBR Green-activated sorting of Arabidopsis pollen nuclei based on different DNA/RNA content. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:61-72. [PMID: 25676347 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Key message: Purification of pollen nuclei. Germ cell epigenetics is a critical topic in plants and animals. The male gametophyte (pollen) of flowering plants is an attractive model to study genetic and epigenetic reprogramming during sexual reproduction, being composed of only two sperm cells contained within, its companion, vegetative cell. Here, we describe a simple and efficient method to purify SYBR Green-stained sperm and vegetative cell nuclei of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to analyze chromatin and RNA profiles. The method obviates generating transgenic lines expressing cell-type-specific fluorescence reporters and facilitates functional genomic analysis of various mutant lines and accessions. We evaluate the purity and quality of the sorted pollen nuclei and analyze the technique's molecular basis. Our results show that both DNA and RNA contents contribute to SYBR Green-activated nucleus sorting and RNA content differences impact on the separation of sperm and vegetative cell nuclei. We demonstrate the power of the approach by sorting wild-type and polyploid mutant sperm and vegetative cell nuclei from mitotic and meiotic mutants, which is not feasible using cell-type-specific transgenic reporters. Our approach should be applicable to pollen nuclei of crop plants and possibly to cell/nucleus types and cell cycle phases of different species containing substantially different amounts of DNA and/or RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera K Schoft
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria,
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109
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Nagahara S, Takeuchi H, Higashiyama T. Generation of a homozygous fertilization-defective gcs1 mutant by heat-inducible removal of a rescue gene. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:33-46. [PMID: 25673573 PMCID: PMC4333230 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Key message: New gametic homozygous mutants. In angiosperms, a haploid male gamete (sperm cell) fuses with a haploid female gamete (egg cell) during fertilization to form a zygote carrying paternally and maternally derived chromosomes. Several fertilization-defective mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, including a generative cell-specific 1 (gcs1)/hapless 2 mutant, the sperm cells of which are unable to fuse with female gametes, can only be maintained as heterozygous lines due to the infertile male or female gametes. Here, we report successful generation of a gcs1 homozygous mutant by heat-inducible removal of the GCS1 transgene. Using the gcs1 homozygous mutant as male, the defect in gamete fusion was observed with great frequency; in our direct observation by semi-in vivo fertilization assay using ovules, 100 % of discharged sperm cells in culture failed to show gamete fusion. More than 70 % of ovules in the pistil received a second pollen tube as attempted fertilization recovery. Moreover, gcs1 mutant sperm cells could fertilize female gametes at a low frequency in the pistil. This strategy to generate homozygous fertilization-defective mutants will facilitate novel approaches in plant reproduction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nagahara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
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110
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Kim MJ, Kim M, Lee MR, Park SK, Kim J. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD)10 interacts with SIDECAR POLLEN/LBD27 to control pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:794-809. [PMID: 25611322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis thaliana, the microspores undergo an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, which undergoes a second division to give rise to two sperm cells. SIDECAR POLLEN/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) 27 plays a key role in the asymmetric division of microspores. Here we provide molecular genetic evidence that a combinatorial role of LBD10 with LBD27 is crucial for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis, genetic transmission and pollen viability assays, and pollen development analysis demonstrated that LBD10 plays a role in the male gametophyte function primarily at germ cell mitosis. In the mature pollen of lbd10 and lbd10 expressing a dominant negative version of LBD10, LBD10:SRDX, aberrant microspores such as bicellular and smaller tricellular pollen appeared at a ratio of 10-15% with a correspondingly decreased ratio of normal tricellular pollen, whereas in lbd27 mutants, 70% of the pollen was aborted. All pollen in the lbd10 lbd27 double mutants was aborted and severely shrivelled compared with that of the single mutants, indicating that LBD10 and LBD27 are essential for pollen development. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses of LBD10:GFP and LBD27:RFP during pollen development indicated that posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational controls are involved in differential accumulation and subcellular localization of LBD10 and LBD27 during pollen development, which may contribute in part to combinatorial and distinct roles of LBD10 with LBD27 in microspore development. In addition, we showed that LBD10 and LBD27 interact to form a heterodimer for nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
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111
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Brumbarova T, Bauer P, Ivanov R. Molecular mechanisms governing Arabidopsis iron uptake. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:124-33. [PMID: 25499025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the principal source of dietary iron (Fe) for most of Earth's population and Fe deficiency can lead to major health problems. Developing strategies to improve plant Fe content is a challenge because Fe is essential and toxic and therefore regulating Fe uptake is crucial for plant survival. Acquiring soil Fe relies on complex regulatory events that occur in root epidermal cells. We review recent advances in elucidating many aspects of the regulation of Fe acquisition. These include the expanding protein network involved in FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT)-dependent gene regulation and novel findings on the intracellular trafficking of the Fe transporter IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1). We outline future challenges and propose strategies, such as exploiting natural variation, to further expand our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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112
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He H, Yang T, Wu W, Zheng B. Small RNAs in pollen. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:246-52. [PMID: 25634522 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, each pollen mother cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions to form a mature pollen grain, which contains a vegetative cell (VC) and two sperm cells (SC). As a companion cell, the VC carries the SCs to an ovule by germinating a pollen tube. In-depth sequencing analyses of mature pollen showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are present in both the VC and SCs. Additionally, epigenetically-regulated transposable elements (TEs) are reactivated in the VC and these TE mRNAs are further processed into 21-nt epigenetically reactivated siRNA (easiRNA) in SCs, which prevent 24-nt siRNA accumulation and sequester miRNA loading. Small RNAs are thought to move from the VC to SCs, where they regulate gene expression and reinforce TE silencing. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, siRNAs, and easiRNAs in pollen, emphasizing how these different small RNAs coordinately contribute to sperm cell formation and TE silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Russell SD, Jones DS. The male germline of angiosperms: repertoire of an inconspicuous but important cell lineage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:173. [PMID: 25852722 PMCID: PMC4367165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The male germline of flowering plants constitutes a specialized lineage of diminutive cells initiated by an asymmetric division of the initial microspore cell that sequesters the generative cell from the pollen vegetative cell. The generative cell subsequently divides to form the two male gametes (non-motile sperm cells) that fuse with the two female gametophyte target cells (egg and central cells) to form the zygote and endosperm. Although these male gametes can be as little as 1/800th of the volume of their female counterpart, they encode a highly distinctive and rich transcriptome, translate proteins, and display a novel suite of gamete-distinctive control elements that create a unique chromatin environment in the male lineage. Sperm-expressed transcripts also include a high proportion of transposable element-related sequences that may be targets of non-coding RNA including miRNA and silencing elements from peripheral cells. The number of sperm-encoded transcripts is somewhat fewer than the number present in the egg cell, but are remarkably distinct compared to other cell types according to principal component and other analyses. The molecular role of the male germ lineage cells is just beginning to be understood and appears more complex than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Russell
- *Correspondence: Scott D. Russell, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 770 Van Vleet Oval, OK 73019, USA
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114
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Xie R, Li Y, He S, Zheng Y, Yi S, Lv Q, Deng L. Genome-wide analysis of citrus R2R3MYB genes and their spatiotemporal expression under stresses and hormone treatments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113971. [PMID: 25473954 PMCID: PMC4256393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The R2R3MYB proteins represent one of the largest families of transcription factors, which play important roles in plant growth and development. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been conducted in many species, little is known about R2R3MYB genes in citrus, In this study, 101 R2R3MYB genes has been identified in the citrus (Citrus sinesis and Citrus clementina) genomes, which are almost equal to the number of rice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be subdivided into 21 subgroups. The evolutionary relationships and the intro-exon organizations were also analyzed, revealing strong gene conservation but also the expansions of particular functional genes during the plant evolution. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that 95 citrus R2R3MYB genes were expressed in at least one tissue and the other 6 genes showed very low expression in all tissues tested, suggesting that citrus R2R3MYB genes play important roles in the development of all citrus organs. The transcript abundance level analysis during abiotic conditions (NaCl, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, drought and low temperature) identified a group of R2R3MYB genes that responded to one or multiple treatments, which showed a promising for improving citrus adaptation to stresses. Our results provided an essential foundation for the future selection of the citrus R2R3MYB genes for cloning and functional dissection with an aim of uncovering their roles in citrus growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaolan He
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilai Yi
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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115
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Becker JD, Takeda S, Borges F, Dolan L, Feijó JA. Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen defines an apical cell growth signature. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:197. [PMID: 25080170 PMCID: PMC4236730 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current views on the control of cell development are anchored on the notion that phenotypes are defined by networks of transcriptional activity. The large amounts of information brought about by transcriptomics should allow the definition of these networks through the analysis of cell-specific transcriptional signatures. Here we test this principle by applying an analogue to comparative anatomy at the cellular level, searching for conserved transcriptional signatures, or conserved small gene-regulatory networks (GRNs) on root hairs (RH) and pollen tubes (PT), two filamentous apical growing cells that are a striking example of conservation of structure and function in plants. RESULTS We developed a new method for isolation of growing and mature root hair cells, analysed their transcriptome by microarray analysis, and further compared it with pollen and other single cell transcriptomics data. Principal component analysis shows a statistical relation between the datasets of RHs and PTs which is suggestive of a common transcriptional profile pattern for the apical growing cells in a plant, with overlapping profiles and clear similarities at the level of small GTPases, vesicle-mediated transport and various specific metabolic responses. Furthermore, cis-regulatory element analysis of co-regulated genes between RHs and PTs revealed conserved binding sequences that are likely required for the expression of genes comprising the apical signature. This included a significant occurrence of motifs associated to a defined transcriptional response upon anaerobiosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that maintaining apical growth mechanisms synchronized with energy yielding might require a combinatorial network of transcriptional regulation. We propose that this study should constitute the foundation for further genetic and physiological dissection of the mechanisms underlying apical growth of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Present address: Cell and Genome Biology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kitaina-Yazuma Oji 74, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan
| | - Filipe Borges
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Present address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor 11724, NY, USA
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - José A Feijó
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 BioScience Research Bldg, College Park 20742-5815, MD, USA
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Abdelsamad A, Pecinka A. Pollen-specific activation of Arabidopsis retrogenes is associated with global transcriptional reprogramming. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3299-313. [PMID: 25118244 PMCID: PMC4371830 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Duplications allow for gene functional diversification and accelerate genome evolution. Occasionally, the transposon amplification machinery reverse transcribes the mRNA of a gene, integrates it into the genome, and forms an RNA-duplicated copy: the retrogene. Although retrogenes have been found in plants, their biology and evolution are poorly understood. Here, we identified 251 (216 novel) retrogenes in Arabidopsis thaliana, corresponding to 1% of protein-coding genes. Arabidopsis retrogenes are derived from ubiquitously transcribed parents and reside in gene-rich chromosomal regions. Approximately 25% of retrogenes are cotranscribed with their parents and 3% with head-to-head oriented neighbors. This suggests transcription by novel promoters for 72% of Arabidopsis retrogenes. Many retrogenes reach their transcription maximum in pollen, the tissue analogous to animal spermatocytes, where upregulation of retrogenes has been found previously. This implies an evolutionarily conserved mechanism leading to this transcription pattern of RNA-duplicated genes. During transcriptional repression, retrogenes are depleted of permissive chromatin marks without an obvious enrichment for repressive modifications. However, this pattern is common to many other pollen-transcribed genes independent of their evolutionary origin. Hence, retroposition plays a role in plant genome evolution, and the developmental transcription pattern of retrogenes suggests an analogous regulation of RNA-duplicated genes in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelsamad
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne DE-50829, Germany
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne DE-50829, Germany
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117
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Zheng B, He H, Zheng Y, Wu W, McCormick S. An ARID domain-containing protein within nuclear bodies is required for sperm cell formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004421. [PMID: 25057814 PMCID: PMC4109846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, each male meiotic product undergoes mitosis, and then one of the resulting cells divides again, yielding a three-celled pollen grain comprised of a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. Several genes have been found to act in this process, and DUO1 (DUO POLLEN 1), a transcription factor, plays a key role in sperm cell formation by activating expression of several germline genes. But how DUO1 itself is activated and how sperm cell formation is initiated remain unknown. To expand our understanding of sperm cell formation, we characterized an ARID (AT-Rich Interacting Domain)-containing protein, ARID1, that is specifically required for sperm cell formation in Arabidopsis. ARID1 localizes within nuclear bodies that are transiently present in the generative cell from which sperm cells arise, coincident with the timing of DUO1 activation. An arid1 mutant and antisense arid1 plants had an increased incidence of pollen with only a single sperm-like cell and exhibited reduced fertility as well as reduced expression of DUO1. In vitro and in vivo evidence showed that ARID1 binds to the DUO1 promoter. Lastly, we found that ARID1 physically associates with histone deacetylase 8 and that histone acetylation, which in wild type is evident only in sperm, expanded to the vegetative cell nucleus in the arid1 mutant. This study identifies a novel component required for sperm cell formation in plants and uncovers a direct positive regulatory role of ARID1 on DUO1 through association with histone acetylation. For all eukaryotes, gamete formation is an essential aspect of sexual reproduction. Unlike in animals, where meiotic products directly become gametes, the germline in plants is established by two consecutive mitotic divisions after meiosis is completed. The first mitosis is asymmetric, forming a larger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell. The smaller generative cell then divides to produce two sperm cells. Current knowledge indicates DUO1 (DUO POLLEN 1), a transcription factor, plays a key role in this process by controlling expression of other germline genes. But how DUO1 is activated in the generative cell is unknown. To better understand the mechanisms that govern sperm cell formation and activate DUO1 expression, we characterized, ARID1, encoding an ARID (AT-Rich Interacting Domain)-containing protein. We show that ARID1 is required for DUO1 activation and sperm cell formation in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, ARID1 physically associates with a histone deacetylase, facilitating the maintenance of histone acetylation between the vegetative nucleus and sperm nuclei. Thus, our study shows that a pollen-specific ARID protein plays an important role during sperm cell formation in a dual manner: as a transcription factor to activate DUO1 and as a potential component of the histone modification machinery to maintain epigenetic status in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS and Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC-Berkeley, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenye Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheila McCormick
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS and Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC-Berkeley, Albany, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xin W, Li J, Hu Y. The Arabidopsis transcription factor IIB-related protein BRP4 is involved in the regulation of mitotic cell-cycle progression during male gametogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2521-31. [PMID: 24723406 PMCID: PMC4036515 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Male gametogenesis in angiosperms involves two rounds of mitosis that are essential for the generation of two sperm cells to achieve double fertilization, a distinct event in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Precise regulation of mitosis during male gametogenesis is critically important for the establishment of the male germline. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitotic division during male gametophyte development have not been characterized fully. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis transcription initiation factor TFIIB-related protein BRP4 is involved in the regulation of mitotic cell-cycle progression during male gametogenesis. BRP4 was expressed predominately in developing male gametophytes. Knockdown expression of BRP4 by a native promoter-driven RNA interference construct in Arabidopsis resulted in arrest of the mitotic progression of male gametophytes, leading to a defect in pollen development. Moreover, we showed that the level of expression of a gene encoding a subunit of the origin recognition complex, ORC6, was decreased in BRP4 knockdown plants, and that the ORC6 knockdown transgenic plants phenocopied the male gametophyte defect observed in BRP4 knockdown plants, suggesting that ORC6 acts downstream of BRP4 to mediate male mitotic progression. Taken together, our results reveal that BRP4 plays an important role in the regulation of mitotic cell-cycle progression during male gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, PR China
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119
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Lockhart J. Uncovering Male Germline Development in Arabidopsis: The Gametophyte Revealed. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1837. [PMID: 24876256 PMCID: PMC4079352 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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120
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Borg M, Rutley N, Kagale S, Hamamura Y, Gherghinoiu M, Kumar S, Sari U, Esparza-Franco MA, Sakamoto W, Rozwadowski K, Higashiyama T, Twell D. An EAR-Dependent Regulatory Module Promotes Male Germ Cell Division and Sperm Fertility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2098-2113. [PMID: 24876252 PMCID: PMC4079371 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of the sperm cells in angiosperms requires coordination of cell division and cell differentiation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the germline-specific MYB protein DUO1 integrates these processes, but the regulatory hierarchy in which DUO1 functions is unknown. Here, we identify an essential role for two germline-specific DUO1 target genes, DAZ1 and DAZ2, which encode EAR motif-containing C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. We show that DAZ1/DAZ2 are required for germ cell division and for the proper accumulation of mitotic cyclins. Importantly, DAZ1/DAZ2 are sufficient to promote G2- to M-phase transition and germ cell division in the absence of DUO1. DAZ1/DAZ2 are also required for DUO1-dependent cell differentiation and are essential for gamete fusion at fertilization. We demonstrate that the two EAR motifs in DAZ1/DAZ2 mediate their function in the male germline and are required for transcriptional repression and for physical interaction with the corepressor TOPLESS. Our findings uncover an essential module in a regulatory hierarchy that drives mitotic transition in male germ cells and implicates gene repression pathways in sperm cell formation and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Borg
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Rutley
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK S7N OX2, Canada
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mihai Gherghinoiu
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ugur Sari
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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Wudick MM, Luu DT, Tournaire-Roux C, Sakamoto W, Maurel C. Vegetative and sperm cell-specific aquaporins of Arabidopsis highlight the vacuolar equipment of pollen and contribute to plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1697-706. [PMID: 24492334 PMCID: PMC3982734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.228700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The water and nutrient status of pollen is crucial to plant reproduction. Pollen grains of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contain a large vegetative cell and two smaller sperm cells. Pollen grains express AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1, two members of the Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein subfamily of aquaporins. To address the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the two homologs, C-terminal fusions of AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1 with green fluorescent protein and mCherry, respectively, were expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis under the control of their native promoter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1 are specific for the vacuoles of the vegetative and sperm cells, respectively. The tonoplast localization of AtTIP5;1 was established by reference to fluorescent protein markers for the mitochondria and vacuoles of sperm and vegetative cells and is at variance with the claim that AtTIP5;1 is localized in vegetative cell mitochondria. AtTIP1;3-green fluorescent protein and AtTIP5;1-mCherry showed concomitant expression, from first pollen mitosis up to pollen tube penetration in the ovule, thereby revealing the dynamics of vacuole morphology in maturating and germinating pollen. Transfer DNA insertion mutants for either AtTIP1;3 or AtTIP5;1 showed no apparent growth phenotype and had no significant defect in male transmission of the mutated alleles. By contrast, a double knockout displayed an abnormal rate of barren siliques, this phenotype being more pronounced under limited water or nutrient supply. The overall data indicate that vacuoles of vegetative and sperm cells functionally interact and contribute to male fertility in adverse environmental conditions.
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122
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Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of male germline development in flowering plants and animals. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:377-82. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20130261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is the main reproductive strategy of the overwhelming majority of eukaryotes. This suggests that the last eukaryotic common ancestor was able to reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction reflects the ability to perform meiosis, and ultimately generating gametes, which are cells that carry recombined half sets of the parental genome and are able to fertilize. These functions have been allocated to a highly specialized cell lineage: the germline. Given its significant evolutionary conservation, it is to be expected that the germline programme shares common molecular bases across extremely divergent eukaryotic species. In the present review, we aim to identify the unifying principles of male germline establishment and development by comparing two very disparate kingdoms: plants and animals. We argue that male meiosis defines two temporally regulated gene expression programmes: the first is required for meiotic commitment, and the second is required for the acquisition of fertilizing ability. Small RNA pathways are a further key communality, ultimately ensuring the epigenetic stability of the information conveyed by the male germline.
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123
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Ambawat S, Sharma P, Yadav NR, Yadav RC. MYB transcription factor genes as regulators for plant responses: an overview. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:307-21. [PMID: 24431500 PMCID: PMC3715649 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-013-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription controls many crucial biological processes. Transcription factors (TFs) play a great role in controlling cellular processes and MYB TF family is large and involved in controlling various processes like responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, development, differentiation, metabolism, defense etc. Here, we review MYB TFs with particular emphasis on their role in controlling different biological processes. This will provide valuable insights in understanding regulatory networks and associated functions to develop strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ambawat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Neelam R. Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Ram C. Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
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Ueda K, Yoshimura F, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nonomura KI, Wabiko H. Collapsed abnormal pollen1 gene encoding the Arabinokinase-like protein is involved in pollen development in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:858-71. [PMID: 23629836 PMCID: PMC3668075 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We isolated a pollen-defective mutant, collapsed abnormal pollen1 (cap1), from Tos17 insertional mutant lines of rice (Oryza sativa). The cap1 heterozygous plant produced equal numbers of normal and collapsed abnormal grains. The abnormal pollen grains lacked almost all cytoplasmic materials, nuclei, and intine cell walls and did not germinate. Genetic analysis of crosses revealed that the cap1 mutation did not affect female reproduction or vegetative growth. CAP1 encodes a protein consisting of 996 amino acids that showed high similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) l-arabinokinase, which catalyzes the conversion of l-arabinose to l-arabinose 1-phosphate. A wild-type genomic DNA segment containing CAP1 restored mutants to normal pollen grains. During rice pollen development, CAP1 was preferentially expressed in anthers at the bicellular pollen stage, and the effects of the cap1 mutation were mainly detected at this stage. Based on the metabolic pathway of l-arabinose, cap1 pollen phenotype may have been caused by toxic accumulation of l-arabinose or by inhibition of cell wall metabolism due to the lack of UDP-l-arabinose derived from l-arabinose 1-phosphate. The expression pattern of CAP1 was very similar to that of another Arabidopsis homolog that showed 71% amino acid identity with CAP1. Our results suggested that CAP1 and related genes are critical for pollen development in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueda
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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Ali MA, Plattner S, Radakovic Z, Wieczorek K, Elashry A, Grundler FMW, Ammelburg M, Siddique S, Bohlmann H. An Arabidopsis ATPase gene involved in nematode-induced syncytium development and abiotic stress responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:852-66. [PMID: 23480402 PMCID: PMC3712482 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii induces syncytia in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, which are its only nutrient source. One gene, At1g64110, that is strongly up-regulated in syncytia as shown by RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, in situ RT-PCR and promoter::GUS lines, encodes an AAA+-type ATPase. Expression of two related genes in syncytia, At4g28000 and At5g52882, was not detected or not different from control root segments. Using amiRNA lines and T-DNA mutants, we show that At1g64110 is important for syncytium and nematode development. At1g64110 was also inducible by wounding, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, heat and cold, as well as drought, sodium chloride, abscisic acid and mannitol, indicating involvement of this gene in abiotic stress responses. We confirmed this using two T-DNA mutants that were more sensitive to abscisic acid and sodium chloride during seed germination and root growth. These mutants also developed significantly smaller roots in response to abscisic acid and sodium chloride. An in silico analysis showed that ATPase At1g64110 (and also At4g28000 and At5g52882) belong to the 'meiotic clade' of AAA proteins that includes proteins such as Vps4, katanin, spastin and MSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Stephan Plattner
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Zoran Radakovic
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, University of BonnBonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, University of BonnBonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Florian MW Grundler
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, University of BonnBonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Moritz Ammelburg
- Department 1, Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologySpemannstraße 35, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, University of BonnBonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum TullnKonrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
- *For correspondence (e-mail )
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126
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Lai KS, Kaothien-Nakayama P, Iwano M, Takayama S. A TILLING resource for functional genomics in Arabidopsis thaliana accession C24. Genes Genet Syst 2013; 87:291-7. [PMID: 23412631 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.87.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a reverse genetic method that can be employed to generate allelic series of induced mutations in targeted genes for functional analyses. To date, TILLING resources in Arabidopsis thaliana are only available in accessions Columbia and Landsberg erecta. Here, we extended the Arabidopsis TILLING resources by developing a new population of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant lines in another commonly used A. thaliana accession C24. A permanent collection of 3,509 independent EMS mutagenized M2 lines was developed in A. thaliana accession C24, and designated C24TILL. Using the TILLING method to search C24TILL for mutations in four selected genes identified a total of 73 mutations, comprising 69.6% missense, 29.0% sense, and 1.4% nonsense mutations. Consistent with the propensity of EMS to induce guanine alkylation, 98.4% of the observed mutations were G/C to A/T transitions. Based on the mutations identified in the four target genes, the overall mutation density in the C24TILL collection was estimated to be 1/345 kb. TILLING the DUO POLLEN 1 (DUO1) gene from the C24TILL collection identified a truncation mutation leading to a deficiency in sperm cell differentiation. Taken together, a new TILLING resource, the C24TILL collection, was generated for A. thaliana accession C24. The C24TILL collection provides an allelic series of induced point mutations that will serve as a useful alternative reverse genetic resource for functional genetic studies in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Song Lai
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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Wirthmueller L, Roth C, Banfield MJ, Wiermer M. Hop-on hop-off: importin-α-guided tours to the nucleus in innate immune signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:149. [PMID: 23734157 PMCID: PMC3659281 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of immune regulatory proteins and signal transducers is an essential process in animal and plant defense signaling against pathogenic microbes. Import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) into the nucleus is mediated by nuclear transport receptors termed importins, typically dimers of a cargo-binding α-subunit and a β-subunit that mediates translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Here, we review recent reports of importin-α cargo specificity and mutant phenotypes in plant- and animal-microbe interactions. Using homology modeling of the NLS-binding cleft of nine predicted Arabidopsis α-importins and analyses of their gene expression patterns, we discuss functional redundancy and specialization within this transport receptor family. In addition, we consider how pathogen effector proteins that promote infection by manipulating host cell nuclear processes might compete with endogenous cargo proteins for nuclear uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Wirthmueller
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
- *Correspondence: Lennart Wirthmueller, Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. e-mail: ; Marcel Wiermer, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. e-mail:
| | - Charlotte Roth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Mark J. Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lennart Wirthmueller, Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. e-mail: ; Marcel Wiermer, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. e-mail:
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128
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Grant-Downton R, Rodriguez-Enriquez J. Emerging Roles for Non-Coding RNAs in Male Reproductive Development in Flowering Plants. Biomolecules 2012; 2:608-21. [PMID: 24970151 PMCID: PMC4030863 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of sexual reproduction systems in flowering plants is essential to humankind, with crop fertility vitally important for food security. Here, we review rapidly emerging new evidence for the key importance of non-coding RNAs in male reproductive development in flowering plants. From the commitment of somatic cells to initiating reproductive development through to meiosis and the development of pollen—containing the male gametes (sperm cells)—in the anther, there is now overwhelming data for a diversity of non-coding RNAs and emerging evidence for crucial roles for them in regulating cellular events at these developmental stages. A particularly exciting development has been the association of one example of cytoplasmic male sterility, which has become an unparalleled breeding tool for producing new crop hybrids, with a non-coding RNA locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Grant-Downton
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Josefina Rodriguez-Enriquez
- Instituto de Bioorgánica Antonio González (IUBO) University of La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206 La Laguna Tenerife, Spain.
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Ueda K, Ono M, Iwashita J, Wabiko H, Inoue M. Generative cell-specific activation of the histone gH2A gene promoter of Lilium longiflorum in tobacco. SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION 2012; 25:247-55. [PMID: 22820801 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-012-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Lilium longiflorum gH2A promoter is active exclusively in the generative cells of mature pollen in transgenic tobacco expressing the gH2A promoter::GUS (β-glucuronidase) construct as a reporter gene. Temporal and spatial aspects of gH2A promoter activity examined during pollen development in transgenic tobacco reveal that GUS reporter activity was not detected until developing pollen entered the early bicellular developmental stage. Activity was first detected in generative cells at early-mid stages and gradually increased to maximum levels at mid-bicellular stages. The patterns of appearance and longevity of GUS activity in tobacco were very similar to those of gH2A mRNA during pollen development in Lilium. Exogenous treatment with colchicine, a well-known microtubule depolymerize, blocked microspore mitosis and inhibited generative cell differentiation. No GUS signal was detected in the resulting anomalous pollen, which lacked generative cell differentiation. These data strongly suggest that normal generative cell development is essential for activation of the gH2A promoter. Furthermore, these results indicate that common transcriptional activator(s) of the gH2A promoter may be present in both Lilium and Nicotiana, and that such putative factor(s) activates the gH2A promoter only when generative cells undergo normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueda
- Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
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130
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A Brief Analysis of Subcellular Distribution and Physiological Functions of Plant Aquaporins*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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131
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Abstract
Sperm competition does not occur in flowering plants as typically only a single pair of sperm cells is delivered for double fertilization. Two recent reports show that plants are capable of avoiding reproductive failure when defective sperm cells are released.
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132
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Luo G, Gu H, Liu J, Qu LJ. Four closely-related RING-type E3 ligases, APD1-4, are involved in pollen mitosis II regulation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:814-27. [PMID: 22897245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins is one of the critical regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. In higher plants, protein ubiquitination plays an essential role in many biological processes, including hormone signaling, photomorphogenesis, and pathogen defense. However, the roles of protein ubiquitination in the reproductive process are not clear. In this study, we identified four plant-specific RING-finger genes designated Aberrant Pollen Development 1 (APD1) to APD4, as regulators of pollen mitosis II (PMII) in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). The apd1 apd2 double mutant showed a significantly increased percentage of bicellular-like pollen at the mature pollen stage. Further downregulation of the APD3 and APD4 transcripts in apd1 apd2 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in more severe abnormal bicellular-like pollen phenotypes than in apd1 apd2, suggesting that cell division was defective in male gametogenesis. All of the four genes were expressed in multiple stages at different levels during male gametophyte development. Confocal analysis using green florescence fusion proteins (GFP) GFP-APD1 and GFP-APD2 showed that APDs are associated with intracellular membranes. Furthermore, APD2 had E2-dependent E3 ligase activity in vitro, and five APD2-interacting proteins were identified. Our results suggest that these four genes may be involved, redundantly, in regulating the PMII process during male gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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133
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Oh SA, Allen T, Kim GJ, Sidorova A, Borg M, Park SK, Twell D. Arabidopsis Fused kinase and the Kinesin-12 subfamily constitute a signalling module required for phragmoplast expansion. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:308-19. [PMID: 22709276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved Fused kinase plays vital but divergent roles in many organisms from Hedgehog signalling in Drosophila to polarization and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. Previously we have shown that Arabidopsis Fused kinase termed TWO-IN-ONE (TIO) is essential for cytokinesis in both sporophytic and gametophytic cell types. Here using in vivo imaging of GFP-tagged microtubules in dividing microspores we show that TIO is required for expansion of the phragmoplast. We identify the phragmoplast-associated kinesins, PAKRP1/Kinesin-12A and PAKRP1L/Kinesin-12B, as TIO-interacting proteins and determine TIO-Kinesin-12 interaction domains and their requirement in male gametophytic cytokinesis. Our results support the role of TIO as a functional protein kinase that interacts with Kinesin-12 subfamily members mainly through the C-terminal ARM repeat domain, but with a contribution from the N-terminal kinase domain. The interaction of TIO with Kinesin proteins and the functional requirement of their interaction domains support the operation of a Fused kinase signalling module in phragmoplast expansion that depends upon conserved structural features in diverse Fused kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Aeong Oh
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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134
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Qiu WM, Zhu AD, Wang Y, Chai LJ, Ge XX, Deng XX, Guo WW. Comparative transcript profiling of gene expression between seedless Ponkan mandarin and its seedy wild type during floral organ development by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:397. [PMID: 22897898 PMCID: PMC3495689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seedlessness is an important agronomic trait for citrus, and male sterility (MS) is one main cause of seedless citrus fruit. However, the molecular mechanism of citrus seedlessness remained not well explored. Results An integrative strategy combining suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library with cDNA microarray was employed to study the underlying mechanism of seedlessness of a Ponkan mandarin seedless mutant (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Screening with custom microarray, a total of 279 differentially expressed clones were identified, and 133 unigenes (43 contigs and 90 singletons) were obtained after sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) distribution based on biological process suggested that the majority of differential genes are involved in metabolic process and respond to stimulus and regulation of biology process; based on molecular function they function as DNA/RNA binding or have catalytic activity and oxidoreductase activity. A gene encoding male sterility-like protein was highly up-regulated in the seedless mutant compared with the wild type, while several transcription factors (TFs) such as AP2/EREBP, MYB, WRKY, NAC and C2C2-GATA zinc-finger domain TFs were down-regulated. Conclusion Our research highlighted some candidate pathways that participated in the citrus male gametophyte development and could be beneficial for seedless citrus breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education); National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Russell SD, Gou X, Wong CE, Wang X, Yuan T, Wei X, Bhalla PL, Singh MB. Genomic profiling of rice sperm cell transcripts reveals conserved and distinct elements in the flowering plant male germ lineage. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:560-573. [PMID: 22716952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic assay of sperm cell RNA provides insight into functional control, modes of regulation, and contributions of male gametes to double fertilization. Sperm cells of rice (Oryza sativa) were isolated from field-grown, disease-free plants and RNA was processed for use with the full-genome Affymetrix microarray. Comparison with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) reference arrays confirmed expressionally distinct gene profiles. A total of 10,732 distinct gene sequences were detected in sperm cells, of which 1668 were not expressed in pollen or seedlings. Pathways enriched in male germ cells included ubiquitin-mediated pathways, pathways involved in chromatin modeling including histones, histone modification and nonhistone epigenetic modification, and pathways related to RNAi and gene silencing. Genome-wide expression patterns in angiosperm sperm cells indicate common and divergent themes in the male germline that appear to be largely self-regulating through highly up-regulated chromatin modification pathways. A core of highly conserved genes appear common to all sperm cells, but evidence is still emerging that another class of genes have diverged in expression between monocots and dicots since their divergence. Sperm cell transcripts present at fusion may be transmitted through plasmogamy during double fertilization to effect immediate post-fertilization expression of early embryo and (or) endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Chui E Wong
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Tong Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Hafidh S, Breznenová K, Růžička P, Feciková J, Čapková V, Honys D. Comprehensive analysis of tobacco pollen transcriptome unveils common pathways in polar cell expansion and underlying heterochronic shift during spermatogenesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:24. [PMID: 22340370 PMCID: PMC3305590 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many flowering plants produce bicellular pollen. The two cells of the pollen grain are destined for separate fates in the male gametophyte, which provides a unique opportunity to study genetic interactions that govern guided single-cell polar expansion of the growing pollen tube and the coordinated control of germ cell division and sperm cell fate specification. We applied the Agilent 44 K tobacco gene chip to conduct the first transcriptomic analysis of the tobacco male gametophyte. In addition, we performed a comparative study of the Arabidopsis root-hair trichoblast transcriptome to evaluate genetic factors and common pathways involved in polarized cell-tip expansion. RESULTS Progression of pollen grains from freshly dehisced anthers to pollen tubes 4 h after germination is accompanied with > 5,161 (14.9%) gametophyte-specific expressed probes active in at least one of the developmental stages. In contrast, > 18,821 (54.4%) probes were preferentially expressed in the sporophyte. Our comparative approach identified a subset of 104 pollen tube-expressed genes that overlap with root-hair trichoblasts. Reverse genetic analysis of selected candidates demonstrated that Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (CSD1), a WD-40 containing protein (BP130384), and Replication factor C1 (NtRFC1) are among the central regulators of pollen-tube tip growth. Extension of our analysis beyond the second haploid mitosis enabled identification of an opposing-dynamic accumulation of core regulators of cell proliferation and cell fate determinants in accordance with the progression of the germ cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a foundation to isolate conserved regulators of cell tip expansion and those that are unique for pollen tube growth to the female gametophyte. A transcriptomic data set is presented as a benchmark for future functional studies using developing pollen as a model. Our results demonstrated previously unknown functions of certain genes in pollen-tube tip growth. In addition, we highlighted the molecular dynamics of core cell-cycle regulators in the male gametophyte and postulated the first genetic model to account for the differential timing of spermatogenesis among angiosperms and its coordination with female gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Breznenová
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Růžička
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Feciková
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Čapková
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Prouse MB, Campbell MM. The interaction between MYB proteins and their target DNA binding sites. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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138
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Abstract
The flowering plant germline is produced during the haploid gametophytic stage. Defining the germline is complicated by the extreme reduction of the male and female gametophytes, also referred to as pollen and embryo sac, respectively. Both male and female gamete progenitors are segregated by an asymmetric cell division, as is the case for the germline in animals. Genetic studies and access to the transcriptome of isolated gametes have provided a regulatory framework for the mechanisms that define the male germline. What specifies female germline identity remains unknown. Recent evidence indicates that an auxin gradient provides positional information and plays a role in defining the identity of the female gamete lineage. The animal germline is also marked by production of small RNAs, and recent evidence indicates that this trait might be shared with the plant gamete lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Berger
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
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