101
|
Xu Q, Truong TT, Barrero JM, Jacobsen JV, Hocart CH, Gubler F. A role for jasmonates in the release of dormancy by cold stratification in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3497-508. [PMID: 27140440 PMCID: PMC4892733 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydration at low temperatures, commonly referred to as cold stratification, is widely used for releasing dormancy and triggering germination in a wide range of species including wheat. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies its effect on germination has largely remained unknown. Our previous studies showed that methyl-jasmonate, a derivative of jasmonic acid (JA), promotes dormancy release in wheat. In this study, we found that cold-stimulated germination of dormant grains correlated with a transient increase in JA content and expression of JA biosynthesis genes in the dormant embryos after transfer to 20 (o)C. The induction of JA production was dependent on the extent of cold imbibition and precedes germination. Blocking JA biosynthesis with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibited the cold-stimulated germination in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we have explored the relationship between JA and abscisic acid (ABA), a well-known dormancy promoter, in cold regulation of dormancy. We found an inverse relationship between JA and ABA content in dormant wheat embryos following stratification. ABA content decreased rapidly in response to stratification, and the decrease was reversed by addition of ASA. Our results indicate that the action of JA on cold-stratified grains is mediated by suppression of two key ABA biosynthesis genes, TaNCED1 and TaNCED2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Shandong Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Taian, Shandong, China CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thy T Truong
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | | | - Charles H Hocart
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Dave A, Vaistij FE, Gilday AD, Penfield SD, Graham IA. Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana seed dormancy and germination by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2277-84. [PMID: 26873978 PMCID: PMC4809285 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) acts along with abscisic acid to regulate seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the mechanistic details of this synergistic interaction remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that OPDA acts through the germination inhibition effects of abscisic acid, the abscisic acid-sensing ABI5 protein, and the gibberellin-sensing RGL2 DELLA protein. We further demonstrate that OPDA also acts through another dormancy-promoting factor, MOTHER-OF-FT-AND-TFL1 (MFT). Both abscisic acid and MFT positively feed back into the OPDA pathway by promoting its accumulation. These results confirm the central role of OPDA in regulating seed dormancy and germination in A. thaliana and underline the complexity of interactions between OPDA and other dormancy-promoting factors such as abscisic acid, RGL2, and MFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Dave
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Fabián E Vaistij
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D Gilday
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Manara A, DalCorso G, Furini A. The Role of the Atypical Kinases ABC1K7 and ABC1K8 in Abscisic Acid Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:366. [PMID: 27047531 PMCID: PMC4805650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ABC1K family of atypical kinases (activity of bc1 complex kinase) is represented in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. In plants they regulate diverse physiological processes in the chloroplasts and mitochondria, but their precise functions are poorly defined. ABC1K7 and ABC1K8 are probably involved in oxidative stress responses, isoprenyl lipid synthesis and distribution of iron within chloroplasts. Because reactive oxygen species take part in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated processes, we investigated the functions of ABC1K7 and ABC1K8 during germination, stomatal movement, and leaf senescence. Both genes were upregulated by ABA treatment and some ABA-responsive physiological processes were affected in abc1k7 and abc1k8 mutants. Germination was more severely affected by ABA, osmotic stress and salt stress in the single and double mutants; the stomatal aperture was smaller in the mutants under standard growth conditions and was not further reduced by exogenous ABA application; ABA-induced senescence symptoms were more severe in the leaves of the single and double mutants compared to wild type leaves. Taken together, our results suggest that ABC1K7 and ABC1K8 might be involved in the cross-talk between ABA and ROS signaling.
Collapse
|
104
|
Kazachkova Y, Khan A, Acuña T, López-Díaz I, Carrera E, Khozin-Goldberg I, Fait A, Barak S. Salt Induces Features of a Dormancy-Like State in Seeds of Eutrema (Thellungiella) salsugineum, a Halophytic Relative of Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1071. [PMID: 27536302 PMCID: PMC4971027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The salinization of land is a major factor limiting crop production worldwide. Halophytes adapted to high levels of salinity are likely to possess useful genes for improving crop tolerance to salt stress. In addition, halophytes could provide a food source on marginal lands. However, despite halophytes being salt-tolerant plants, the seeds of several halophytic species will not germinate on saline soils. Yet, little is understood regarding biochemical and gene expression changes underlying salt-mediated inhibition of halophyte seed germination. We have used the halophytic Arabidopsis relative model system, Eutrema (Thellungiella) salsugineum to explore salt-mediated inhibition of germination. We show that E. salsugineum seed germination is inhibited by salt to a far greater extent than in Arabidopsis, and that this inhibition is in response to the osmotic component of salt exposure. E. salsugineum seeds remain viable even when germination is completely inhibited, and germination resumes once seeds are transferred to non-saline conditions. Moreover, removal of the seed coat from salt-treated seeds allows embryos to germinate on salt-containing medium. Mobilization of seed storage reserves is restricted in salt-treated seeds, while many germination-associated metabolic changes are arrested or progress to a lower extent. Salt-exposed seeds are further characterized by a reduced GA/ABA ratio and increased expression of the germination repressor genes, RGL2, ABI5, and DOG1. Furthermore, a salt-mediated increase in expression of a LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT gene and accretion of metabolites involved in osmoprotection indicates induction of processes associated with stress tolerance, and accumulation of easily mobilized carbon reserves. Overall, our results suggest that salt inhibits E. salsugineum seed germination by inducing a seed state with molecular features of dormancy while a physical constraint to radicle emergence is provided by the seed coat layers. This seed state could facilitate survival on saline soils until a rain event(s) increases soil water potential indicating favorable conditions for seed germination and establishment of salt-tolerant E. salsugineum seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Kazachkova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
| | - Asif Khan
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
| | - Tania Acuña
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC–UPV, ValenciaSpain
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC–UPV, ValenciaSpain
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
- *Correspondence: Simon Barak, Aaron Fait,
| | - Simon Barak
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sde BokerIsrael
- *Correspondence: Simon Barak, Aaron Fait,
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Ibarra SE, Tognacca RS, Dave A, Graham IA, Sánchez RA, Botto JF. Molecular mechanisms underlying the entrance in secondary dormancy of Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:213-21. [PMID: 26177669 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As seasons change, dormant seeds cycle through dormant states until the environmental conditions are favourable for seedling establishment. Dormancy cycle is widespread in the plant kingdom allowing the seeds to display primary and secondary dormancy. Several reports in the last decade have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of primary dormancy, but our knowledge regarding secondary dormancy is limited. Here, we studied secondary dormancy induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by incubating seeds at 25 °C in darkness for 4 d. By physiological, pharmacological, expression and genetics approaches, we demonstrate that (1) the entrance in secondary dormancy involves changes in the content and sensitivity to GA, but the content and sensitivity to ABA do not change, albeit ABA is required; (2) RGL2 promotes the entrance in secondary dormancy through ABI5 action; and (3) multivariate analysis with 18 geographical and environmental parameters of accession collection place suggests that temperature is an important variable influencing the induction of secondary dormancy in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia E Ibarra
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Rocío S Tognacca
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Anuja Dave
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rodolfo A Sánchez
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Javier F Botto
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Li Y, Scott R, Doughty J, Grant M, Qi B. Protein S-Acyltransferase 14: A Specific Role for Palmitoylation in Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:415-28. [PMID: 26537563 PMCID: PMC4704564 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Asp-His-His-Cys-Cys-rich domain-containing Protein S-Acyl Transferases (PATs) are multipass transmembrane proteins that catalyze S-acylation (commonly known as S-palmitoylation), the reversible posttranslational lipid modification of proteins. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins, contributes to their membrane association, and plays roles in protein trafficking and signaling. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are at least 24 PATs; previous studies on two PATs established important roles in growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we identified a, to our knowledge, novel PAT, AtPAT14, in Arabidopsis. Complementation studies in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Arabidopsis demonstrate that AtPAT14 possesses PAT enzyme activity. Disruption of AtPAT14 by T-DNA insertion resulted in an accelerated senescence phenotype. This coincided with increased transcript levels of some senescence-specific and pathogen-resistant marker genes. We show that early senescence of pat14 does not involve the signaling molecules jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, or autophagy, but associates with salicylic acid homeostasis and signaling. This strongly suggests that AtPAT14 plays a pivotal role in regulating senescence via salicylic acid pathways. Senescence is a complex process required for normal plant growth and development and requires the coordination of many genes and signaling pathways. However, precocious senescence results in loss of biomass and seed production. The negative regulation of leaf senescence by AtPAT14 in Arabidopsis highlights, to our knowledge for the first time, a specific role for palmitoylation in leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Li
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Rod Scott
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - James Doughty
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Murray Grant
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| | - Baoxiu Qi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom (Y.L., R.S., J.D., B.Q.); andCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) play a pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism because they can transport medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters. In eukaryotic cells, ACBPs are involved in intracellular trafficking of acyl-CoA esters and formation of a cytosolic acyl-CoA pool. In addition to these ubiquitous functions, more specific non-redundant roles of plant ACBP subclasses are implicated by the existence of multigene families with variable molecular masses, ligand specificities, functional domains (e.g. protein-protein interaction domains), subcellular locations and gene expression patterns. In this chapter, recent progress in the characterization of ACBPs from the model dicot plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the model monocot, Oryza sativa, and their emerging roles in plant growth and development are discussed. The functional significance of respective members of the plant ACBP families in various developmental and physiological processes such as seed development and germination, stem cuticle formation, pollen development, leaf senescence, peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation and phloem-mediated lipid transport is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) constitute a major class of plant regulators that coordinate responses to biotic and abiotic threats and important aspects of plant development. The core biosynthetic pathway converts linolenic acid released from plastid membrane lipids to the cyclopentenone cis-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) that is further reduced and shortened to jasmonic acid (JA) in peroxisomes. Abundant pools of OPDA esterified to plastid lipids also occur upon stress, mainly in the Arabidopsis genus. Long thought to be the bioactive hormone, JA only gains its pleiotropic hormonal properties upon conjugation into jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). The signaling pathway triggered when JA-Ile promotes the assembly of COI1-JAZ (Coronatine Insensitive 1-JAsmonate Zim domain) co-receptor complexes has been the focus of most recent research in the jasmonate field. In parallel, OPDA and several other JA derivatives are recognized for their separate activities and contribute to the diversity of jasmonate action in plant physiology. We summarize in this chapter the properties of different bioactive JAs and review elements known for their perception and signal transduction. Much progress has also been gained on the enzymatic processes governing JA-Ile removal. Two JA-Ile catabolic pathways, operating through ω-oxidation (cytochromes P450) or conjugate cleavage (amido hydrolases) shape signal dynamics to allow optimal control on defense. JA-Ile turnover not only participates in signal attenuation, but also impact the homeostasis of the entire JA metabolic pathway.
Collapse
|
109
|
Abstract
Lipids are important signaling compounds in plants. They can range from small lipophilic molecules like the dicarboxylic acid Azelaic acid to complex phosphoglycerolipids and regulate plant development as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. While their intracellular function is well described, several lipophilic signals are known to be found in the plant phloem and can, thus, also play a role in long-distance signaling. Mostly, they play a role in the pathogen response and systemic acquired resistance. This is particularly true for oxylipins, dehydroabietinal, and azelaic acid. However, several phospholipids have now been described in phloem exudates. Their intracellular function as well as implications and a model for long-distance signaling are discussed in this chapter.
Collapse
|
110
|
Liu Z, Zhang S, Sun N, Liu H, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Zhang L, Han Y. Functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:42. [PMID: 26054241 PMCID: PMC4773313 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone jasmonates (JA) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. During signaling, JA interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA), ethylene (ET), auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), and abscisic acid (ABA), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments in plants. As an important staple crop, rice is a major nutritional source for human beings and feeds one third of the world's population. Recent years have seen significant progress in the understanding of the JA pathway in rice. In this review, we summarize the diverse functions of JA, and discuss the JA interplay with other hormones, as well as light, in this economically important crop. We believe that a better understanding of the JA pathway will lead to practical biotechnological applications in rice breeding and cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Sun
- />The Affiliated School of Hebei Baoding Normal, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- />College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- />School of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, China
- />Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Micol-Ponce R, Sánchez-García AB, Xu Q, Barrero JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 Regulates Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Signaling, and Oxidative Stress Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2207-2219. [PMID: 26423959 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory states can persist through mitosis and meiosis, but the connection between chromatin structure and DNA replication remains unclear. Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 (ICU2) encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α, and null alleles of ICU2 have an embryo-lethal phenotype. Analysis of icu2-1, a hypomorphic allele of ICU2, demonstrated that ICU2 functions in chromatin-mediated cellular memory; icu2-1 strongly impairs ICU2 function in the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks but does not seem to affect ICU2 polymerase activity. To better understand the global function of ICU2 in epigenetic regulation, here we performed a microarray analysis of icu2-1 mutant plants. We found that the genes up-regulated in the icu2-1 mutant included genes encoding transcription factors and targets of the Polycomb Repressive Complexes. The down-regulated genes included many known players in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and accumulation, ABA signaling and ABA-mediated responses. In addition, we found that icu2-1 plants had reduced SA levels in normal conditions; infection by Fusarium oxysporum induced SA accumulation in the En-2 wild type but not in the icu2-1 mutant. The icu2-1 plants were also hypersensitive to salt stress and exogenous ABA in seedling establishment, post-germination growth and stomatal closure, and accumulated more ABA than the wild type in response to salt stress. The icu2-1 mutant also showed high tolerance to the oxidative stress produced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). Our results uncover a role for ICU2 in the regulation of genes involved in ABA signaling as well as in SA biosynthesis and accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Qian Xu
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - José María Barrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Abstract
Peroxisomes are arguably the most biochemically versatile of all eukaryotic organelles. Their metabolic functions vary between different organisms, between different tissue types of the same organism and even between different developmental stages or in response to changed environmental conditions. New functions for peroxisomes are still being discovered and their importance is underscored by the severe phenotypes that can arise as a result of peroxisome dysfunction. The β-oxidation pathway is central to peroxisomal metabolism, but the substrates processed are very diverse, reflecting the diversity of peroxisomes across species. Substrates for β-oxidation enter peroxisomes via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of subfamily D; (ABCD) and are activated by specific acyl CoA synthetases for further metabolism. Humans have three peroxisomal ABCD family members, which are half transporters that homodimerize and have distinct but partially overlapping substrate specificity; Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two half transporters that heterodimerize and plants have a single peroxisomal ABC transporter that is a fused heterodimer and which appears to be the single entry point into peroxisomes for a very wide variety of β-oxidation substrates. Our studies suggest that the Arabidopsis peroxisomal ABC transporter AtABCD1 accepts acyl CoA substrates, cleaves them before or during transport followed by reactivation by peroxisomal synthetases. We propose that this is a general mechanism to provide specificity to this class of transporters and by which amphipathic compounds are moved across peroxisome membranes.
Collapse
|
114
|
Keereetaweep J, Blancaflor EB, Hornung E, Feussner I, Chapman KD. Lipoxygenase-derived 9-hydro(pero)xides of linoleoylethanolamide interact with ABA signaling to arrest root development during Arabidopsis seedling establishment. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:315-27. [PMID: 25752187 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolamide-conjugated fatty acid derivatives, also known as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), occur at low levels (μg per g) in desiccated seeds, and endogenous amounts decline rapidly with seedling growth. Linoleoylethanolamide (NAE18:2) is the most abundant of these NAEs in seeds of almost all plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, NAE18:2 may be oxidized by lipoxygenase (LOX) or hydrolyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) during normal seedling establishment, and this contributes to the normal progression of NAE depletion that is coincident with the depletion of abscisic acid (ABA). Here we provide biochemical, genetic and pharmacological evidence that a specific 9-LOX metabolite of NAE18:2 [9-hydro(pero)xy linoleoylethanolamide (9-NAE-H(P)OD)] has a potent negative influence on seedling root elongation, and acts synergistically with ABA to modulate the transition from embryo to seedling growth. Genetic analyses using mutants in ABA synthesis (aba1 and aba2), perception (pyr1, pyl1, pyl2, pyl4, pyl5 and pyl8) or transcriptional activation (abi3-1) indicated that arrest of root growth by 9-NAE-H(P)OD requires an intact ABA signaling pathway, and probably operates to increase ABA synthesis as part of a positive feedback loop to modulate seedling establishment in response to adverse environmental conditions. These results identify a specific, bioactive ethanolamide oxylipin metabolite of NAE18:2, different from those of ethanolamide-conjugated linolenic acid (NAE18:3), as well as a molecular explanation for its inhibitory action, emphasizing the oxidative metabolism of NAEs as an important feature of seedling development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jantana Keereetaweep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Manara A, DalCorso G, Guzzo F, Furini A. Loss of the Atypical Kinases ABC1K7 and ABC1K8 Changes the Lipid Composition of the Chloroplast Membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 56:1193-204. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
116
|
Han C, Yang P. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of seed germination. Proteomics 2015; 15:1671-9. [PMID: 25597791 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination that begins with imbibition and ends with radicle emergence is the first step for plant growth. Successful germination is not only crucial for seedling establishment but also important for crop yield. After being dispersed from mother plant, seed undergoes continuous desiccation in ecosystem and selects proper environment to trigger germination. Owing to the contribution of transcriptomic, proteomic, and molecular biological studies, molecular aspect of seed germination is elucidated well in Arabidopsis. Recently, more and more proteomic and genetic studies concerning cereal seed germination were performed on rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which possess completely different seed structure and domestication background with Arabidopsis. In this review, both the common features and the distinct mechanisms of seed germination are compared among different plant species including Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. These features include morphological changes, cell and its related structure recovery, metabolic activation, hormone behavior, and transcription and translation activation. This review will provide more comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
|
118
|
Andrade A, Riera N, Lindstrom L, Alemano S, Alvarez D, Abdala G, Vigliocco A. Pericarp anatomy and hormone profiles of cypselas in dormant and non-dormant inbred sunflower lines. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:351-360. [PMID: 25272333 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pericarp anatomy and the effects of storage after harvest, storage temperature and early cypsela imbibition on phytohormone profiles were studied in inbred sunflower lines B123 and B91. On day 0, germination of B123 cypselas was near 0%, indicating dormancy, whereas that of B91 cypselas was near 100%, indicating non-dormancy. The germination of B123 and B91 on day 33 at room temperature (25 °C) storage was similar. Cell wall thickness and sclerification of the pericarp were higher in B123 than B91, suggesting that structural characteristics may contribute to physical dormancy in B123. Jasmonates (JAs), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in dry and imbibed pericarps. SA content of dry pericarp was higher on day 33 than day 0. SA content during imbibition on day 33 was similar for room and low (-20 °C) storage temperatures. ABA content after 12 h imbibition was similar on days 0 and 33 at low temperature, but it increased on day 33 at room temperature for B123. 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was maximal on day 0 for B123, but peaked at day 33 at low temperature for B91. JA was higher on days 0 and 33 at room temperature as compared with low temperature. Our findings indicate that pericarp hormone profiles are affected in the two lines with different dormancy degree depending on storage conditions and imbibition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Andrade
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Hong G, Wang J, Hochstetter D, Gao Y, Xu P, Wang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate functions as a physiological regulator by modulating the jasmonic acid pathway. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:432-439. [PMID: 25124736 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of plant polyphenols derived from plant secondary metabolism, play important roles in plant development and have beneficial effects on human health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol, and its molecular and biochemical mechanism have been followed with interest. The shared signaling heritage or convergence of organisms has allowed us to extend this research into the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we showed that EGCG could promote jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in A. thaliana. EGCG not only inhibited seed germination but also elevated the resistance to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea, partly by altering the relative strength of JA signaling. Accordingly, JA marker gene induction, seed germination inhibition and the increased resistance to B. cinerea were attenuated in the JA-insensitive coi1-2 mutant. The coi1-2 mutant was partially insensitive to the treatment of EGCG, further implicating the function of EGCG in JA signaling and/or perception. Our results indicate that EGCG, a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenols, affects signal processing in seed development and disease susceptibility via modulation of JA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Savchenko TV, Zastrijnaja OM, Klimov VV. Oxylipins and plant abiotic stress resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:362-75. [PMID: 24910209 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are signaling molecules formed enzymatically or spontaneously from unsaturated fatty acids in all aerobic organisms. Oxylipins regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli of organisms. The oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in plants includes a few parallel branches named after first enzyme of the corresponding branch as allene oxide synthase, hydroperoxide lyase, divinyl ether synthase, peroxygenase, epoxy alcohol synthase, and others in which various biologically active metabolites are produced. Oxylipins can be formed non-enzymatically as a result of oxygenation of fatty acids by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Spontaneously formed oxylipins are called phytoprostanes. The role of oxylipins in biotic stress responses has been described in many published works. The role of oxylipins in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions is less studied; there is also obvious lack of available data compilation and analysis in this area of research. In this work we analyze data on oxylipins functions in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions, such as wounding, suboptimal light and temperature, dehydration and osmotic stress, and effects of ozone and heavy metals. Modern research articles elucidating the molecular mechanisms of oxylipins action by the methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics are reviewed here. Data on the role of oxylipins in stress signal transduction, stress-inducible gene expression regulation, and interaction of these metabolites with other signal transduction pathways in cells are described. In this review the general oxylipin-mediated mechanisms that help plants to adjust to a broad spectrum of stress factors are considered, followed by analysis of more specific responses regulated by oxylipins only under certain stress conditions. New approaches to improvement of plant resistance to abiotic stresses based on the induction of oxylipin-mediated processes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Scalschi L, Sanmartín M, Camañes G, Troncho P, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, García-Agustín P, Vicedo B. Silencing of OPR3 in tomato reveals the role of OPDA in callose deposition during the activation of defense responses against Botrytis cinerea. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:304-15. [PMID: 25407262 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is likely to play signaling roles in plant defense that do not depend on its further conversion to the phytohormone jasmonic acid. To elucidate the role of OPDA in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plant defense, we have silenced the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) gene. Two independent transgenic tomato lines (SiOPR3-1 and SiOPR3-2) showed significantly reduced OPR3 expression upon infection with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, SiOPR3 plants are more susceptible to this pathogen, and this susceptibility is accompanied by a significant decrease in OPDA levels and by the production of JA-Ile being almost abolished. OPR3 silencing also leads to a major reduction in the expression of other genes of the jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and signaling pathways after infection. These results confirm that in tomato plants, as in Arabidopsis, OPR3 determines OPDA availability for JA biosynthesis. In addition, we show that an intact JA biosynthetic pathway is required for proper callose deposition, as its pathogen-induced accumulation is reduced in SiOPR3 plants. Interestingly, OPDA, but not JA, treatment restored basal resistance to B. cinerea and induced callose deposition in SiOPR3-1 and SiOPR3-2 transgenic plants. These results provide clear evidence that OPDA by itself plays a major role in the basal defense of tomato plants against this necrotrophic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Bobik K, Burch-Smith TM. Chloroplast signaling within, between and beyond cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:781. [PMID: 26500659 PMCID: PMC4593955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for proper plant physiology and development. Given their origins as free-living prokaryotes, it is not surprising that plastids possess their own genomes whose expression is essential to plastid function. This semi-autonomous character of plastids requires the existence of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that provide reliable communication between them and other cellular compartments. Such intracellular signaling is necessary for coordinating whole-cell responses to constantly varying environmental cues and cellular metabolic needs. This is achieved by plastids acting as receivers and transmitters of specific signals that coordinate expression of the nuclear and plastid genomes according to particular needs. In this review we will consider the so-called retrograde signaling occurring between plastids and nuclei, and between plastids and other organelles. Another important role of the plastid we will discuss is the involvement of plastid signaling in biotic and abiotic stress that, in addition to influencing retrograde signaling, has direct effects on several cellular compartments including the cell wall. We will also review recent evidence pointing to an intriguing function of chloroplasts in regulating intercellular symplasmic transport. Finally, we consider an intriguing yet less widely known aspect of plant biology, chloroplast signaling from the perspective of the entire plant. Thus, accumulating evidence highlights that chloroplasts, with their complex signaling pathways, provide a mechanism for exquisite regulation of plant development, metabolism and responses to the environment. As chloroplast processes are targeted for engineering for improved productivity the effect of such modifications on chloroplast signaling will have to be carefully considered in order to avoid unintended consequences on plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa M. Burch-Smith
- *Correspondence: Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, M407 Walters Life Science, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Maternal temperature history activates Flowering Locus T in fruits to control progeny dormancy according to time of year. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18787-92. [PMID: 25516986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412274111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal behavior is important for fitness in temperate environments but it is unclear how progeny gain their initial seasonal entrainment. Plants use temperature signals to measure time of year, and changes to life histories are therefore an important consequence of climate change. Here we show that in Arabidopsis the current and prior temperature experience of the mother plant is used to control germination of progeny seeds, via the activation of the florigen Flowering Locus T (FT) in fruit tissues. We demonstrate that maternal past and current temperature experience are transduced to the FT locus in silique phloem. In turn, FT controls seed dormancy through inhibition of proanthocyanidin synthesis in fruits, resulting in altered seed coat tannin content. Our data reveal that maternal temperature history is integrated through FT in the fruit to generate a metabolic signal that entrains the behavior of progeny seeds according to time of year.
Collapse
|
124
|
Wiszniewski AAG, Bussell JD, Long RL, Smith SM. Knockout of the two evolutionarily conserved peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolases in Arabidopsis recapitulates the abnormal inflorescence meristem 1 phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6723-33. [PMID: 25297549 PMCID: PMC4246196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A specific function for peroxisomal β-oxidation in inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana is suggested by the mutation of the abnormal inflorescence meristem 1 gene, which encodes one of two peroxisomal multifunctional proteins. Therefore, it should be possible to identify other β-oxidation mutants that recapitulate the aim1 phenotype. Three genes encode peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT) in Arabidopsis. KAT2 and KAT5 are present throughout angiosperms whereas KAT1 is a Brassicaceae-specific duplication of KAT2 expressed at low levels in Arabidopsis. KAT2 plays a dominant role in all known aspects of peroxisomal β-oxidation, including that of fatty acids, pro-auxins, jasmonate precursor oxophytodienoic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. The functions of KAT1 and KAT5 are unknown. Since KAT5 is conserved throughout vascular plants and expressed strongly in flowers, kat2 kat5 double mutants were generated. These were slow growing, had abnormally branched inflorescences, and ectopic organ growth. They made viable pollen, but produced no seed indicating that infertility was due to defective gynaecium function. These phenotypes are strikingly similar to those of aim1. KAT5 in the Brassicaceae encodes both cytosolic and peroxisomal proteins and kat2 kat5 defects could be complemented by the re-introduction of peroxisomal (but not cytosolic) KAT5. It is concluded that peroxisomal KAT2 and KAT5 have partially redundant functions and operate downstream of AIM1 to provide β-oxidation functions essential for inflorescence development and fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A G Wiszniewski
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftpark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - John D Bussell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rowena L Long
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steven M Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Han C, He D, Li M, Yang P. In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of Rice Embryo Reveals its Important Roles in Seed Germination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1826-47. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
126
|
Mendiondo GM, Medhurst A, van Roermund CW, Zhang X, Devonshire J, Scholefield D, Fernández J, Axcell B, Ramsay L, Waterham HR, Waugh R, Theodoulou FL, Holdsworth MJ. Barley has two peroxisomal ABC transporters with multiple functions in β-oxidation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4833-47. [PMID: 24913629 PMCID: PMC4144768 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In oilseed plants, peroxisomal β-oxidation functions not only in lipid catabolism but also in jasmonate biosynthesis and metabolism of pro-auxins. Subfamily D ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate import of β-oxidation substrates into the peroxisome, and the Arabidopsis ABCD protein, COMATOSE (CTS), is essential for this function. Here, the roles of peroxisomal ABCD transporters were investigated in barley, where the main storage compound is starch. Barley has two CTS homologues, designated HvABCD1 and HvABCD2, which are widely expressed and present in embryo and aleurone tissues during germination. Suppression of both genes in barley RNA interference (RNAi) lines indicated roles in metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate (2,4-DB) and indole butyric acid (IBA), jasmonate biosynthesis, and determination of grain size. Transformation of the Arabidopsis cts-1 null mutant with HvABCD1 and HvABCD2 confirmed these findings. HvABCD2 partially or completely complemented all tested phenotypes of cts-1. In contrast, HvABCD1 failed to complement the germination and establishment phenotypes of cts-1 but increased the sensitivity of hypocotyls to 100 μM IBA and partially complemented the seed size phenotype. HvABCD1 also partially complemented the yeast pxa1/pxa2Δ mutant for fatty acid β-oxidation. It is concluded that the core biochemical functions of peroxisomal ABC transporters are largely conserved between oilseeds and cereals but that their physiological roles and importance may differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina M Mendiondo
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anne Medhurst
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Carlo W van Roermund
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jean Devonshire
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Duncan Scholefield
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - José Fernández
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Barry Axcell
- SABMiller plc., SABMiller House, Church Street, West Woking, Surrey GU21 6HS, UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of life Sciences, University of Dundee and The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of life Sciences, University of Dundee and The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Frederica L Theodoulou
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Bosch M, Wright LP, Gershenzon J, Wasternack C, Hause B, Schaller A, Stintzi A. Jasmonic acid and its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid control different aspects of constitutive and induced herbivore defenses in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:396-410. [PMID: 25073705 PMCID: PMC4149723 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonate family of growth regulators includes the isoleucine (Ile) conjugate of jasmonic acid (JA-Ile) and its biosynthetic precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) as signaling molecules. To assess the relative contribution of JA/JA-Ile and OPDA to insect resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we silenced the expression of OPDA reductase3 (OPR3) by RNA interference (RNAi). Consistent with a block in the biosynthetic pathway downstream of OPDA, OPR3-RNAi plants contained wild-type levels of OPDA but failed to accumulate JA or JA-Ile after wounding. JA/JA-Ile deficiency in OPR3-RNAi plants resulted in reduced trichome formation and impaired monoterpene and sesquiterpene production. The loss of these JA/JA-Ile -dependent defense traits rendered them more attractive to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta with respect to feeding and oviposition. Oviposition preference resulted from reduced levels of repellant monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Feeding preference, on the other hand, was caused by increased production of cis-3-hexenal acting as a feeding stimulant for M. sexta larvae in OPR3-RNAi plants. Despite impaired constitutive defenses and increased palatability of OPR3-RNAi leaves, larval development was indistinguishable on OPR3-RNAi and wild-type plants, and was much delayed compared with development on the jasmonic acid-insensitive1 (jai1) mutant. Apparently, signaling through JAI1, the tomato ortholog of the ubiquitin ligase CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is required for defense, whereas the conversion of OPDA to JA/JA-Ile is not. Comparing the signaling activities of OPDA and JA/JA-Ile, we found that OPDA can substitute for JA/JA-Ile in the local induction of defense gene expression, but the production of JA/JA-Ile is required for a systemic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bosch
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Louwrance P Wright
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Bettina Hause
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (M.B., A.Sc., A.St.);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.); andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany (C.W., B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Blancaflor EB, Kilaru A, Keereetaweep J, Khan BR, Faure L, Chapman KD. N-Acylethanolamines: lipid metabolites with functions in plant growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:568-583. [PMID: 24397856 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) were considered by many lipid chemists to be biological 'artifacts' of tissue damage, and were, at best, thought to be minor lipohilic constituents of various organisms. However, that changed dramatically in 1993, when anandamide, an NAE of arachidonic acid (N-arachidonylethanolamine), was shown to bind to the human cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and activate intracellular signal cascades in mammalian neurons. Now NAEs of various types have been identified in diverse multicellular organisms, in which they display profound biological effects. Although targets of NAEs are still being uncovered, and probably vary among eukaryotic species, there appears to be remarkable conservation of the machinery that metabolizes these bioactive fatty acid conjugates of ethanolamine. This review focuses on the metabolism and functions of NAEs in higher plants, with specific reference to the formation, hydrolysis and oxidation of these potent lipid mediators. The discussion centers mostly on early seedling growth and development, for which NAE metabolism has received the most attention, but also considers other areas of plant development in which NAE metabolism has been implicated. Where appropriate, we indicate cross-kingdom conservation in NAE metabolic pathways and metabolites, and suggest areas where opportunities for further investigation appear most pressing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elison B Blancaflor
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Miyazaki J, Stiller WN, Truong TT, Xu Q, Hocart CH, Wilson LJ, Wilson IW. Jasmonic acid is associated with resistance to twospotted spider mites in diploid cotton (Gossypium arboreum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:748-757. [PMID: 32481029 DOI: 10.1071/fp13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is capable of dramatically reducing the yield of cotton crops and is often difficult and expensive to control. This study investigated and compared two important plant hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), as constitutive and/or induced defence response components in a mite susceptible commercial cotton cultivar, Sicot 71 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and a resistant diploid cotton BM13H (Gossypium arboreum L.). Foliar application of JA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) reduced the mite population and leaf damage but application of other potential elicitors, SA and methyl salicylate (MeSA) did not. The concentrations of JA and SA in leaf tissues of induced and non-induced Sicot 71 and BM13H were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The JA content was constitutively higher in BM13H than Sicot 71 and also highly induced by mite infestation in BM13H but not in Sicot 71. However, SA was not significantly induced in either BM13H or Sicot 71. The expression levels of JA related genes, LOX, AOS and OPR were measured by quantitative PCR and elevated expression levels of JA related genes were detected in mite-infested BM13H. Therefore, JA and MeJA were implicated as key biochemical components in both the constitutive and induced defence responses of BM13H to spider mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Miyazaki
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | | | - Thy T Truong
- Research School of Biology, Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Qian Xu
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Research School of Biology, Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Lewis J Wilson
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | - Iain W Wilson
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Meng W, Hsiao AS, Gao C, Jiang L, Chye ML. Subcellular localization of rice acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) indicates that OsACBP6::GFP is targeted to the peroxisomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:469-482. [PMID: 24738983 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) show conservation at the acyl-CoA-binding (ACB) domain which facilitates binding to acyl-CoA esters. In Arabidopsis thaliana, six ACBPs participate in development and stress responses. Rice (Oryza sativa) also contains six genes encoding ACBPs. We investigated differences in subcellular localization between monocot rice and eudicot A. thaliana ACBPs. The subcellular localization of the six OsACBPs was achieved via transient expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) epidermal cells, and stable transformation of A. thaliana. As plant ACBPs had not been reported in the peroxisomes, OsACBP6::GFP localization was confirmed by transient expression in rice sheath cells. The function of OsACBP6 was investigated by overexpressing 35S::OsACBP6 in the peroxisomal abc transporter1 (pxa1) mutant defective in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. As predicted, OsACBP1::GFP and OsACBP2::GFP were localized to the cytosol, and OsACBP4::GFP and OsACBP5::GFP to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, OsACBP3::GFP displayed subcellular multi-localization while OsACBP6::GFP was localized to the peroxisomes. 35S::OsACBP6-OE/pxa1 lines showed recovery in indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) peroxisomal β-oxidation, wound-induced VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 (VSP1) expression and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. These findings indicate a role for OsACBP6 in peroxisomal β-oxidation, and suggest that rice ACBPs are involved in lipid degradation in addition to lipid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - An-Shan Hsiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Hauck OK, Scharnberg J, Escobar NM, Wanner G, Giavalisco P, Witte CP. Uric acid accumulation in an Arabidopsis urate oxidase mutant impairs seedling establishment by blocking peroxisome maintenance. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3090-100. [PMID: 25052714 PMCID: PMC4145134 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purine nucleotides can be fully catabolized by plants to recycle nutrients. We have isolated a urate oxidase (uox) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that accumulates uric acid in all tissues, especially in the developing embryo. The mutant displays a reduced germination rate and is unable to establish autotrophic growth due to severe inhibition of cotyledon development and nutrient mobilization from the lipid reserves in the cotyledons. The uox mutant phenotype is suppressed in a xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh) uox double mutant, demonstrating that the underlying cause is not the defective purine base catabolism, or the lack of UOX per se, but the elevated uric acid concentration in the embryo. Remarkably, xanthine accumulates to similar levels in the xdh mutant without toxicity. This is paralleled in humans, where hyperuricemia is associated with many diseases whereas xanthinuria is asymptomatic. Searching for the molecular cause of uric acid toxicity, we discovered a local defect of peroxisomes (glyoxysomes) mostly confined to the cotyledons of the mature embryos, which resulted in the accumulation of free fatty acids in dry seeds. The peroxisomal defect explains the developmental phenotypes of the uox mutant, drawing a novel link between uric acid and peroxisome function, which may be relevant beyond plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Hauck
- Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Scharnberg
- Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nieves Medina Escobar
- Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Liu F, Zhao X, Zhang L, Tang T, Lu C, Chen G, Wang X, Bu C, Zhao X. RNA-seq profiling the transcriptome of secondary seed dormancy in canola (Brassica napus L.). CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
133
|
Barrero JM, Downie AB, Xu Q, Gubler F. A role for barley CRYPTOCHROME1 in light regulation of grain dormancy and germination. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1094-104. [PMID: 24642944 PMCID: PMC4001371 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the regulation of seed dormancy and that transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ABA biosynthetic and degradation enzymes is responsible for determining ABA content. However, little is known about the upstream signaling pathways impinging on transcription to ultimately regulate ABA content or how environmental signals (e.g., light and cold) might direct such expression in grains. Our previous studies indicated that light is a key environmental signal inhibiting germination in dormant grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Brachypodium distachyon and that this effect attenuates as after-ripening progresses further. We found that the blue component of the light spectrum inhibits completion of germination in barley by inducing the expression of the ABA biosynthetic gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and dampening expression of ABA 8'-hydroxylase, thus increasing ABA content in the grain. We have now created barley transgenic lines downregulating the genes encoding the blue light receptors CRYTOCHROME (CRY1) and CRY2. Our results demonstrate that CRY1 is the key receptor perceiving and transducing the blue light signal in dormant grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312
| | - Qian Xu
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frank Gubler
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Savchenko T, Kolla VA, Wang CQ, Nasafi Z, Hicks DR, Phadungchob B, Chehab WE, Brandizzi F, Froehlich J, Dehesh K. Functional convergence of oxylipin and abscisic acid pathways controls stomatal closure in response to drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1151-60. [PMID: 24429214 PMCID: PMC3938610 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are primary sites of perception of environmental stimuli. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are major structural constituents of membranes that also function as modulators of a multitude of signal transduction pathways evoked by environmental stimuli. Different stresses induce production of a distinct blend of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids, "oxylipins." We employed three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes to examine the oxylipin signature in response to specific stresses and determined that wounding and drought differentially alter oxylipin profiles, particularly the allene oxide synthase branch of the oxylipin pathway, responsible for production of jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA). Specifically, wounding induced both 12-OPDA and JA levels, whereas drought induced only the precursor 12-OPDA. Levels of the classical stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also mainly enhanced by drought and little by wounding. To explore the role of 12-OPDA in plant drought responses, we generated a range of transgenic lines and exploited the existing mutant plants that differ in their levels of stress-inducible 12-OPDA but display similar ABA levels. The plants producing higher 12-OPDA levels exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and reduced stomatal aperture. Furthermore, exogenously applied ABA and 12-OPDA, individually or combined, promote stomatal closure of ABA and allene oxide synthase biosynthetic mutants, albeit most effectively when combined. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Brassica napus verified the potency of this combination in inducing stomatal closure in plants other than Arabidopsis. These data have identified drought as a stress signal that uncouples the conversion of 12-OPDA to JA and have revealed 12-OPDA as a drought-responsive regulator of stomatal closure functioning most effectively together with ABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Department of Plant Biology , University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Cassin-Ross G, Hu J. A simple assay to identify peroxisomal proteins involved in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid metabolism. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29464. [PMID: 25763626 PMCID: PMC4203641 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are vital eukaryotic organelles that house a variety of metabolic functions. To fully define the proteome of plant peroxisomes, we recently performed a proteomic analysis of peroxisomes from etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, verified the peroxisomal localization of candidate proteins by in vivo targeting analysis of fluorescent proteins, and subjected the T-DNA mutants of the newly confirmed proteins to a series of phenotypic analysis. Our reverse genetics approach revealed the role of a cysteine protease - Response to Drought 21A-like Cysteine Protease1 (RDL1) - in seed germination, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) β-oxidation and stress response. Here, we developed a quick assay aimed at identifying peroxisomal proteins involved in the metabolism of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), which is converted to jasmonic acid in the peroxisome through β-oxidation. We performed a survey of the same mutants analyzed in our previous reverse genetics study with this new assay by measuring the response of mutants to OPDA's inhibitory effect on root elongation. Mutants of RDL1 and SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE20 (SCPL20) exhibited statistically significant hypersensitivity to OPDA, indicating the potential involvement of these proteins in OPDA metabolism. This convenient assay may be used in the future to rapidly screen for mutants defective in OPDA metabolism or signaling.
Collapse
|
136
|
Cookson SJ, Clemente Moreno MJ, Hevin C, Nyamba Mendome LZ, Delrot S, Trossat-Magnin C, Ollat N. Graft union formation in grapevine induces transcriptional changes related to cell wall modification, wounding, hormone signalling, and secondary metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2997-3008. [PMID: 23698628 PMCID: PMC3741690 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is particularly important to the cultivation of perennial crops such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera) because rootstocks can provide resistance to soil-borne pests and diseases as well as improve tolerance to some abiotic stresses. Successful grafting is a complex biochemical and structural process beginning with the adhesion of the two grafted partners, followed by callus formation and the establishment of a functional vascular system. At the molecular level, the sequence of events underlying graft union formation remains largely uncharacterized. The present study investigates the transcriptome of grapevine rootstock and graft interface tissues sampled 3 d and 28 d after grafting of over-wintering stems in the spring. Many genes were differentially expressed over time, from 3 d to 28 d after grafting, which could be related to the activation of stem growth and metabolic activity in the spring. This hypothesis is supported by the up-regulation of many genes associated with cell wall synthesis, and phloem and xylem development. Generally, there was an up-regulation of gene expression in the graft interface tissue compared with the rootstock, particularly genes involved in cell wall synthesis, secondary metabolism, and signalling. Although there was overlap between the genes differentially expressed over time (from 3 d to 28 d after grafting) with the gene differentially expressed between the rootstock and the graft interface, numerous graft interface-specific genes were identified.
Collapse
|
137
|
Differential control of seed primary dormancy in Arabidopsis ecotypes by the transcription factor SPATULA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10866-71. [PMID: 23754415 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301647110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshly matured seeds exhibit primary dormancy, which prevents germination until environmental conditions are favorable. The establishment of dormancy occurs during seed development and involves both genetic and environmental factors that impact on the ratio of two antagonistic phytohormones: abscisic acid (ABA), which promotes dormancy, and gibberellic acid, which promotes germination. Although our understanding of dormancy breakage in mature seeds is well advanced, relatively little is known about the mechanisms involved in establishing dormancy during seed maturation. We previously showed that the SPATULA (SPT) transcription factor plays a key role in regulating seed germination. Here we investigate its role during seed development and find that, surprisingly, it has opposite roles in setting dormancy in Landsberg erecta and Columbia Arabidopsis ecotypes. We also find that SPT regulates expression of five transcription factor encoding genes: ABA-INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) and ABI5, which mediate ABA signaling; REPRESSOR-OF-GA (RGA) and RGA-LIKE3 involved in gibberellic acid signaling; and MOTHER-OF-FT-AND-TFL1 (MFT) that we show here promotes Arabidopsis seed dormancy. Although ABI4, RGA, and MFT are repressed by SPT, ABI5 and RGL3 are induced. Furthermore, we show that RGA, MFT, and ABI5 are direct targets of SPT in vivo. We present a model in which SPT drives two antagonistic "dormancy-repressing" and "dormancy-promoting" routes that operate simultaneously in freshly matured seeds. Each of these routes has different impacts and this in turn explains the opposite effect of SPT on seed dormancy of the two ecotypes analyzed here.
Collapse
|
138
|
Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-1058. [PMID: 23558912 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-58. [PMID: 23558912 PMCID: PMC3662512 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1433] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Park S, Gidda SK, James CN, Horn PJ, Khuu N, Seay DC, Keereetaweep J, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Dyer JM. The α/β hydrolase CGI-58 and peroxisomal transport protein PXA1 coregulate lipid homeostasis and signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1726-39. [PMID: 23667126 PMCID: PMC3694702 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
COMPARATIVE GENE IDENTIFICATION-58 (CGI-58) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism and signaling in mammals, but its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Disruption of CGI-58 in either mammals or plants results in a significant increase in triacylglycerol (TAG), suggesting that CGI-58 activity is evolutionarily conserved. However, plants lack proteins that are important for CGI-58 activity in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that CGI-58 functions by interacting with the PEROXISOMAL ABC-TRANSPORTER1 (PXA1), a protein that transports a variety of substrates into peroxisomes for their subsequent metabolism by β-oxidation, including fatty acids and lipophilic hormone precursors of the jasmonate and auxin biosynthetic pathways. We also show that mutant cgi-58 plants display changes in jasmonate biosynthesis, auxin signaling, and lipid metabolism consistent with reduced PXA1 activity in planta and that, based on the double mutant cgi-58 pxa1, PXA1 is epistatic to CGI-58 in all of these processes. However, CGI-58 was not required for the PXA1-dependent breakdown of TAG in germinated seeds. Collectively, the results reveal that CGI-58 positively regulates many aspects of PXA1 activity in plants and that these two proteins function to coregulate lipid metabolism and signaling, particularly in nonseed vegetative tissues. Similarities and differences of CGI-58 activity in plants versus animals are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunjung Park
- U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Satinder K. Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Christopher N. James
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Patrick J. Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Damien C. Seay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138
| | - Jantana Keereetaweep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - John M. Dyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Foley ME, Chao WS, Horvath DP, Doğramaci M, Anderson JV. The transcriptomes of dormant leafy spurge seeds under alternating temperature are differentially affected by a germination-enhancing pretreatment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:539-547. [PMID: 23261266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important stage in the life cycle of many non-domesticated plants, often characterized by the temporary failure to germinate under conditions that normally favor the process. Pre-treating dormant imbibed seeds at a constant temperate accelerated germination of leafy spurge seeds under alternating temperatures. However, dormant seeds will also germinate without a pre-treatment, albeit at a much slower rate, which gives rise to longer periods of imbibition before germination. Transcriptome analyses on seeds exposed to prolonged imbibition highlighted pathways associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and interacting networks of genes involved in plant defense. In addition to the many pathways associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis enriched with down-regulated genes upon germination, there were also numerous pathways enriched with up-regulated genes associated with energy metabolism, such as glycolysis. Transcriptome data further suggest that metabolism and signaling by the plant hormones ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid are involved in the developmental transition from dormancy to germination. More specifically, sub-network enrichment analysis identified ABI3 as a central hub of a sub-network at germination including several down-regulated genes such as DELLA (i.e., RGL2), which represses gibberellin signaling processes required for germination. The 595-fold increase in the expression of ACC oxidase (ACO4) at germination also suggests an important role for ethylene biosynthesis in germinating leafy surge seeds. Furthermore, the 10-578-fold difference in expression of many genes such as HY5 and Histone H3 between two populations at germination, which were treated with and without a constant temperature germination-enhancing pretreatment, revealed disparate impacts on various biosynthetic, growth, signaling, and response processes. Overall, our results indicate a constant temperature pretreatment (20°C for 21d) is not required for germination of leafy spurge seeds at an alternating temperature. However, the presence or absence of the pretreatment does affect the rate of germination and the germination transcriptional programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Foley
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Stotz HU, Mueller S, Zoeller M, Mueller MJ, Berger S. TGA transcription factors and jasmonate-independent COI1 signalling regulate specific plant responses to reactive oxylipins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:963-75. [PMID: 23349138 PMCID: PMC3580818 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates and phytoprostanes are oxylipins that regulate stress responses and diverse physiological and developmental processes. 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and phytoprostanes are structurally related electrophilic cyclopentenones, which activate similar gene expression profiles that are for the most part different from the action of the cyclopentanone jasmonic acid (JA) and its biologically active amino acid conjugates. Whereas JA-isoleucine signals through binding to COI1, the bZIP transcription factors TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 are involved in regulation of gene expression in response to phytoprostanes. Here root growth inhibition and target gene expression were compared after treatment with JA, OPDA, or phytoprostanes in mutants of the COI1/MYC2 pathway and in different TGA factor mutants. Inhibition of root growth by phytoprostanes was dependent on COI1 but independent of jasmonate biosynthesis. In contrast, phytoprostane-responsive gene expression was strongly dependent on TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6, but not dependent on COI1, MYC2, TGA1, and TGA4. Different mutant and overexpressing lines were used to determine individual contributions of TGA factors to cyclopentenone-responsive gene expression. Whereas OPDA-induced expression of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP81D11 was primarily regulated by TGA2 and TGA5, the glutathione S-transferase gene GST25 and the OPDA reductase gene OPR1 were regulated by TGA5 and TGA6, but less so by TGA2. These results support the model that phytoprostanes and OPDA regulate differently (i) growth responses, which are COI1 dependent but jasmonate independent; and (ii) lipid stress responses, which are strongly dependent on TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6. Identification of molecular components in cyclopentenone signalling provides an insight into novel oxylipin signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik U Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Intrinsic acyl-CoA thioesterase activity of a peroxisomal ATP binding cassette transporter is required for transport and metabolism of fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:1279-84. [PMID: 23288899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218034110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles that perform diverse metabolic functions in different organisms, but a common function is β-oxidation of a variety of long chain aliphatic, branched, and aromatic carboxylic acids. Import of substrates into peroxisomes for β-oxidation is mediated by ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins of subfamily D, which includes the human adrenoleukodystropy protein (ALDP) defective in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). Whether substrates are transported as CoA esters or free acids has been a matter of debate. Using COMATOSE (CTS), a plant representative of the ABCD family, we demonstrate that there is a functional and physical interaction between the ABC transporter and the peroxisomal long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACS)6 and -7. We expressed recombinant CTS in insect cells and showed that membranes from infected cells possess fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase activity, which is stimulated by ATP. A mutant, in which Serine 810 is replaced by asparagine (S810N) is defective in fatty acid degradation in vivo, retains ATPase activity but has strongly reduced thioesterase activity, providing strong evidence for the biological relevance of this activity. Thus, CTS, and most likely the other ABCD family members, represent rare examples of polytopic membrane proteins with an intrinsic additional enzymatic function that may regulate the entry of substrates into the β-oxidation pathway. The cleavage of CoA raises questions about the side of the membrane where this occurs and this is discussed in the context of the peroxisomal coenzyme A (CoA) budget.
Collapse
|
144
|
León J. Role of plant peroxisomes in the production of jasmonic acid-based signals. Subcell Biochem 2013; 69:299-313. [PMID: 23821155 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are a family of oxylipins derived from linolenic acid that control plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors and also regulate plant growth and development. Jasmonic acid (JA) is synthesized through the octadecanoid pathway that involves the translocation of lipid intermediates from the chloroplast membranes to the cytoplasm and later on into peroxisomes. The peroxisomal steps of the pathway involve the reduction of cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and dinor-OPDA, which are the final products of the choroplastic phase of the biosynthetic pathway acting on 18:3 and 16:3 fatty acids, respectively. Further shortening of the carbon side-chain by successive rounds of β-oxidation reactions are required to complete JA biosynthesis. After peroxisomal reactions are completed, (+)-7-iso-JA is synthesized and then transported to the cytoplasm where is conjugated to the amino acid isoleucine to form the bioactive form of the hormone (+)-7-iso-JA-Ile (JA-Ile). Further regulatory activity of JA-Ile triggering gene activation in the jasmonate-dependent signaling cascades is exerted through a process mediated by the perception via the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 and further ligand-activated interaction with the family of JAZ repressor proteins. Upon interaction, JAZ are ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome, thus releasing transcription factors such as MYC2 from repression and allowing the activation of JA-responsive genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain,
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Linka N, Theodoulou FL. Metabolite transporters of the plant peroxisomal membrane: known and unknown. Subcell Biochem 2013; 69:169-194. [PMID: 23821149 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in plant peroxisome research has revealed unexpected metabolic functions for plant peroxisomes. Besides photorespiration and lipid metabolism, plant peroxisomes play a key role in many metabolic and signaling pathways, such as biosynthesis of phytohormones, pathogen defense, senescence-associated processes, biosynthesis of biotin and isoprenoids, and metabolism of urate, polyamines, sulfite, phylloquinone, volatile benzenoids, and branched chain amino acids. These peroxisomal pathways require an interplay with other cellular compartments, including plastids, mitochondria, and the cytosol. Consequently, a considerable number of substrates, intermediates, end products, and cofactors have to shuttle across peroxisome membranes. However, our knowledge of their membrane passage is still quite limited. This review describes the solute transport processes required to connect peroxisomes with other cell compartments. Furthermore, we discuss the known and yet-to-be-defined transport proteins that mediate these metabolic exchanges across the peroxisomal bilayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
|
147
|
Kombrink E. Chemical and genetic exploration of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling paths. PLANTA 2012; 236:1351-66. [PMID: 23011567 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are lipid-derived compounds that act as signals in plant stress responses and developmental processes. Enzymes participating in biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and components of JA signaling have been extensively characterized by biochemical and molecular-genetic tools. Mutants have helped to define the pathway for synthesis of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), the bioactive form of JA, and to identify the F-box protein COI1 as central regulatory unit. Details on the molecular mechanism of JA signaling were recently unraveled by the discovery of JAZ proteins that together with the adaptor protein NINJA and the general co-repressor TOPLESS form a transcriptional repressor complex. The current model of JA perception and signaling implies the SCF(COI1) complex operating as E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway, thereby allowing MYC2 and other transcription factors to activate gene expression. Chemical strategies, as integral part of jasmonate research, have helped the establishment of structure-activity relationships and the discovery of (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile as the major bioactive form of the hormone. The transient nature of its accumulation highlights the need to understand catabolism and inactivation of JA-Ile and recent studies indicate that oxidation of JA-Ile by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is the major mechanism for turning JA signaling off. Plants contain numerous JA metabolites, which may have pronounced and differential bioactivity. A major challenge in the field of plant lipid signaling is to identify the cognate receptors and modes of action of these bioactive jasmonates/oxylipins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Wasternack C, Goetz S, Hellwege A, Forner S, Strnad M, Hause B. Another JA/COI1-independent role of OPDA detected in tomato embryo development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1349-1353. [PMID: 22895103 PMCID: PMC3493424 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are ubiquitously occurring signaling compounds in plants formed in response to biotic and abiotic stress as well as in development. (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl isoleucine, the bioactive JA, is involved in most JA-dependent processes mediated by the F-box protein COI1 in a proteasome-dependent manner. However, there is an increasing number of examples, where the precursor of JA biosynthesis, cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) is active in a JA/COI1-independent manner. Here, we discuss those OPDA-dependent processes, thereby giving emphasis on tomato embryo development. Recent data on seed coat-generated OPDA and its role in embryo development is discussed based on biochemical and genetic evidences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Goetz
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Hellwege
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Forner
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University; Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg; Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Murayama M, Hayashi S, Nishimura N, Ishide M, Kobayashi K, Yagi Y, Asami T, Nakamura T, Shinozaki K, Hirayama T. Isolation of Arabidopsis ahg11, a weak ABA hypersensitive mutant defective in nad4 RNA editing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5301-10. [PMID: 22821940 PMCID: PMC3430999 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of developmental and environmental responses in plants. Identification of cytoplasmic ABA receptors enabled the elucidation of the main ABA signalling pathway, connecting ABA perception to either nuclear events or the action of several transporters. However, the physiological functions of ABA in cellular processes largely remain unknown. To obtain greater insight into the ABA response, genetic screening was performed to isolate ABA-related mutants of Arabidopsis and several novel ABA-hypersensitive mutants were isolated. One of those mutants--ahg11--was characterized further. Map-based cloning showed that AHG11 encodes a PPR type protein, which has potential roles in RNA editing. An AHG11-GFP fusion protein indicated that AHG11 mainly localized to the mitochondria. Consistent with this observation, the nad4 transcript, which normally undergoes RNA editing, lacks a single RNA editing event conferring a conversion of an amino acid residue in ahg11 mutants. The geminating ahg11 seeds have higher levels of reactive-oxygen-species-responsive genes. Presumably, partial impairment of mitochondrial function caused by an amino acid conversion in one of the complex I components induces redox imbalance which, in turn, confers an abnormal response to the plant hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Murayama
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Nilsson AK, Fahlberg P, Ellerström M, Andersson MX. Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is formed on fatty acids esterified to galactolipids after tissue disruption in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2483-7. [PMID: 22728240 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stress induces the formation of galactolipids esterified with the phytohormones 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dnOPDA) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The biosynthetic pathways of free (dn)OPDA is well described, but it is unclear how they are incorporated into galactolipids. We herein show that (dn)OPDA containing lipids are formed rapidly after disruption of cellular integrity in leaf tissue. Five minutes after freeze-thawing, 60-70% of the trienoic acids esterified to chloroplast galactolipids are converted to (dn)OPDA. Stable isotope labeling with (18)O-water provides strong evidence for that the fatty acids remain attached to galactolipids during the enzymatic conversion to (dn)OPDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|