101
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Manchishi SM, Cui RJ, Zou XH, Cheng ZQ, Li BJ. Effect of caloric restriction on depression. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2528-2535. [PMID: 29465826 PMCID: PMC5908110 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, most of evidence shows that caloric restriction could induce antidepressant‐like effects in animal model of depression. Based on studies of the brain–gut axis, some signal pathways were common between the control of caloric restriction and depression. However, the specific mechanism of the antidepressant‐like effects induced by caloric restriction remains unclear. Therefore, in this article, we summarized clinical and experimental studies of caloric restriction on depression. This review may provide a new therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Malunga Manchishi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zi Qian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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102
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify psychosocial variables associated with the relationship between weight loss and change in depressive symptoms following gastric banding surgery. METHODS Ninety-nine adults completed self-report questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and other psychosocial variables (self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, perceived physical health, and perceived weight-based stigmatisation) prior to gastric-band surgery and monthly for 6-month post-surgery. RESULTS Weight, depressive symptoms, and other psychosocial variables improved significantly 1-month post-surgery and remained lower to 6 months. Weight loss from baseline to 1- and 6-months post-surgery significantly correlated with change in depressive symptoms. Body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem accounted for some of the variance in change in depressive symptoms from baseline to 1-month and baseline to 6-months post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms improved significantly and rapidly after bariatric surgery, and body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem predicted change in depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting body image and self-esteem may improve depressive symptoms for those undergoing weight loss interventions.
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103
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Rana S, Rahmani S, Mirza S. MC4R variant rs17782313 and manifestation of obese phenotype in Pakistani females. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16957-16972. [PMID: 35540528 PMCID: PMC9080305 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00695d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MC4R represents a key player involved in melanocortin-mediated control of energy balance. Recently identified near MC4R variant rs17782313 (T > C) can serve as a contributing factor for obese phenotype but its association with obesity has never been sought in a sample of the Pakistani population. The role of genetic variants as causal factors varies across populations. Association studies in a specific population can help us to distinguish global from local gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. This is the first study that investigated the association of rs17782313 with obesity and various obesity-linked anthropometric, metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits in Pakistani subjects including 306 OW/OB (overweight and obese) and 300 NW (normal weight) individuals. The comparison of various aforementioned obesity-linked continuous and categorical variables between OW/OB and NW subjects revealed that almost all variables were found significantly aberrant (p < 0.05) in OW/OB subjects as compared to their age- and gender-matched NW controls indicating greater risk of developing various cardio-metabolic disorders. The genotyping of rs17782313 showed significant association of this variant with obesity and obesity-linked anthropometric traits in females suggesting the gender-specific effect of this variant in our population. The minor allele C increased the risk of obesity by 1.55 times (95% CI = 1.1–2.18, p = 0.01) whereas homozygous CC genotype increased the risk by 2.43 times (95% CI = 1.19–4.96, p = 0.015) in females. However, no association of rs17782313 was observed with any of the obesity-linked metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits except random eating timings. In conclusion, the current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females. This could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies elucidating which variants are truly associated with the susceptibility to develop an obese phenotype. The current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females and could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Soma Rahmani
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Saad Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
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104
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Chirinos DA, Gurubhagavatula I, Broderick P, Chirinos JA, Teff K, Wadden T, Maislin G, Saif H, Chittams J, Cassidy C, Hanlon AL, Pack AI. Depressive symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: biological mechanistic pathways. J Behav Med 2017; 40:955-963. [PMID: 28639107 PMCID: PMC9926999 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between depressive symptoms, as well as depressive symptom dimensions, and three candidate biological pathways linking them to Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): (1) inflammation; (2) circulating leptin; and (3) intermittent hypoxemia. Participants included 181 obese adults with moderate-to-severe OSA enrolled in the Cardiovascular Consequences of Sleep Apnea (COSA) trial. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). We assessed inflammation using C-reactive protein levels (CRP), circulating leptin by radioimmunoassay using a double antibody/PEG assay, and intermittent hypoxemia by the percentage of sleep time each patient had below 90% oxyhemoglobin saturation. We found no significant associations between BDI-II total or cognitive scores and CRP, leptin, or percentage of sleep time below 90% oxyhemoglobin saturation after controlling for relevant confounding factors. Somatic symptoms, however, were positively associated with percentage of sleep time below 90% saturation (β = 0.202, P = 0.032), but not with CRP or circulating leptin in adjusted models. Another significant predictor of depressive symptoms included sleep efficiency (βBDI Total = -0.230, P = 0.003; βcognitive = -0.173, P = 0.030 (βsomatic = -0.255, P = 0.001). In patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, intermittent hypoxia may play a role in somatic rather than cognitive or total depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indira Gurubhagavatula
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Preston Broderick
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen Teff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas Wadden
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Greg Maislin
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Jesse Chittams
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caitlin Cassidy
- LaSalle University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Allan I. Pack
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
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105
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Baker KD, Loughman A, Spencer SJ, Reichelt AC. The impact of obesity and hypercaloric diet consumption on anxiety and emotional behavior across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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106
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Nagl M, Lehnig F, Stepan H, Wagner B, Kersting A. Associations of childhood maltreatment with pre-pregnancy obesity and maternal postpartum mental health: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:391. [PMID: 29166875 PMCID: PMC5700738 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nagl
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweissstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Lehnig
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweissstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Wagner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistraße 1-9, 12247, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweissstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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107
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Svärd A, Lahti J, Roos E, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Lallukka T, Mänty M. Obesity, change of body mass index and subsequent physical and mental health functioning: a 12-year follow-up study among ageing employees. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:744. [PMID: 28950839 PMCID: PMC5615472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest an association between weight change and subsequent poor physical health functioning, whereas the association with mental health functioning is inconsistent. We aimed to examine whether obesity and change of body mass index among normal weight, overweight and obese women and men associate with changes in physical and mental health functioning. Methods The Helsinki Health Study cohort includes Finnish municipal employees aged 40 to 60 in 2000–02 (phase 1, response rate 67%). Phase 2 mail survey (response rate 82%) took place in 2007 and phase 3 in 2012 (response rate 76%). This study included 5668 participants (82% women). Seven weight change categories were formed based on body mass index (BMI) (phase 1) and weight change (BMI change ≥5%) (phase 1–2). The Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) measured physical and mental health functioning. The change in health functioning (phase 1–3) score was examined with repeated measures analyses. Covariates were age, sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, and somatic ill-health. Results Weight gain was common among women (34%) and men (25%). Weight-gaining normal weight (−1.3 points), overweight (−1.3 points) and obese (−3.6 points) women showed a greater decline in physical component summary scores than weight-maintaining normal weight women. Among weight-maintainers, only obese (−1.8 points) women showed a greater decline than weight-maintaining normal weight women. The associations were similar, but statistically non-significant for obese men. No statistically significant differences in the change in mental health functioning occurred. Conclusion Preventing weight gain likely helps maintaining good physical health functioning and work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Svärd
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira Roos
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, (Tukholmankatu 8B), P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Unit of Research, Development and Innovation, Vantaa, Finland
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108
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Rubinow KB, Rubinow DR. In immune defense: redefining the role of the immune system in chronic disease. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28566944 PMCID: PMC5442360 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.1/drubinow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of altered immune system function in many chronic disease states has proven to be a pivotal advance in biomedical research over the past decade. For many metabolic and mood disorders, this altered immune activity has been characterized as inflammation, with the attendant assumption that the immune response is aberrant. However, accumulating evidence challenges this assumption and suggests that the immune system may be mounting adaptive responses to chronic stressors. Further, the inordinate complexity of immune function renders a simplistic, binary model incapable of capturing critical mechanistic insights. In this perspective article, we propose alternative paradigms for understanding the role of the immune system in chronic disease. By invoking allostasis or systems biology rather than inflammation, we can ascribe greater functional significance to immune mediators, gain newfound appreciation of the adaptive facets of altered immune activity, and better avoid the potentially disastrous effects of translating erroneous assumptions into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya B Rubinow
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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109
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Seo DH, Yoon S, Choi JH, Do J, Lee SW, Lee C, Jeh SU, Choi SM, Kam SC, Hwa JS, Chung KH, Kwon SW, Kim SC, Park DS, Song JM, Lee KS, Hyun JS. The Correlation between Body Mass Index and Routine Parameters in Men Over Fifty. World J Mens Health 2017; 35:178-185. [PMID: 28879691 PMCID: PMC5746489 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and prostate volume (PV). Materials and Methods Height, weight, PSA levels, PV, and IPSS were analyzed in 15,435 patients who underwent a prostate examination between 2001 and 2014. Patients aged <50 years or with a PSA level ≥10 ng/mL were excluded. The relationships between BMI and PSA, IPSS, QoL, and PV were analyzed by a scatter plot, one-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The mean age was 71.95±7.63 years, the mean BMI was 23.59±3.08 kg/m2, the mean PSA level was 1.45±1.45 ng/mL, the mean IPSS was 15.53±8.31, the mean QoL score was 3.48±1.25, and the mean PV was 29.72±14.02 mL. PSA, IPSS, and QoL showed a tendency to decrease with increasing BMI, and there were statistically significant differences for each parameter (p≤0.001). PV showed a significant tendency to increase with BMI (p<0.001). In the correlation analysis, BMI showed a statistically significant correlation (p<0.001) with PSA, IPSS, and QoL, although the correlations were very weak. In contrast, BMI showed a significant correlation with PV (p<0.001), with a meaningful Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.124. Conclusions Higher BMI was associated with lower PSA levels and higher IPSS and QoL scores. Meanwhile, PV increased with BMI. Although obese individuals had a greater PV, obesity did not aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Ha Seo
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sol Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Hwi Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jungmo Do
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sin Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chunwoo Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jeh
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - See Min Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Kam
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Hwa
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Department of Urology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Prostate Health Council. Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.,Korea Prostate Health Council. Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Park
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Korea Prostate Health Council. Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Mann Song
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Korea Prostate Health Council. Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Seop Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.,Korea Prostate Health Council. Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seog Hyun
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
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110
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Colvin A, Richardson GA, Cyranowski JM, Youk A, Bromberger JT. The role of family history of depression and the menopausal transition in the development of major depression in midlife women: Study of women's health across the nation mental health study (SWAN MHS). Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:826-835. [PMID: 28489293 PMCID: PMC5585035 DOI: 10.1002/da.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated whether family history of depression predicts major depression in midlife women above and beyond static risk factors (such as personal history of depression prior to midlife) and risks that may change dynamically across midlife (such as menopausal, psychosocial, and health profiles). METHODS Participants were 303 African American and Caucasian women (42-52 years at baseline) recruited into the Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS) in Pittsburgh. Major depression was assessed annually with Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV. Family mental health history was collected at the ninth or tenth annual follow-up. Random effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between family history of depression and midlife depression, controlling for baseline sociodemographic characteristics and time-varying risk factors. RESULTS Family history of depression was associated with midlife depression after adjusting for participant's history of major depression prior to midlife, trait anxiety and baseline age, and time-varying menopausal status, body mass index, very upsetting life events, and chronic difficulties (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.17-4.29, P = .02). Higher odds of major depression were found when women were late perimenopausal or postmenopausal relative to when they were premenopausal or early perimenopausal (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.76-5.15, P < .0001). However, menopausal status was only associated with major depression among women without a family history. CONCLUSIONS Family history of depression predicts major depression in midlife women independent of the menopausal transition and other time-varying covariates. Notably, the menopausal transition was associated with increased risk only among women without a family history of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Colvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gale A. Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Ada Youk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joyce T. Bromberger
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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111
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Ogilvie RP, Patel SR. The epidemiology of sleep and obesity. Sleep Health 2017; 3:383-388. [PMID: 28923198 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a state of consciousness that is preserved across animal species whose exact function is not yet clear but which has a vital impact on health and well-being. Epidemiological evidence suggests sleep duration in both children and adults has been decreasing over the past half-century, while at the same time rates of overweight and obesity have been increasing. Short sleep duration along with other dimensions of poor sleep has been associated with obesity both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These data suggest a potential causal relationship between poor sleep and greater rates of weight gain that may be related to effects of sleep on dietary intake or physical activity. However, there is also potential for reverse causation as obesity leads to many co-morbidities including sleep apnea that can disrupt sleep. Medium and long term interventional studies are needed to evaluate the potential for healthy sleep interventions to help combat the epidemic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Ogilvie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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112
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Kerr DCR, Gini G. Prospective associations between peer teasing in childhood and young men's obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:640-646. [PMID: 28811177 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being teased and otherwise victimised by peers during childhood increases risk for obesity. However, few prospective studies have considered whether risk extends to adulthood. We tested whether being teased in childhood predicted higher body mass index (BMI) and increased odds of obesity in early adulthood in a community sample of American males. METHOD Boys (n=206) were classified as victims of peer teasing or non-victims (n=55 and 151, respectively) based on mother, father, and teacher reports at ages 10-12 years. BMI was assessed at ages 24 or 32 years for 203 of the participants. Family income, parent and child depressive symptoms, child antisocial behaviour, and childhood BMI were assessed at ages 10-13 years and served as control variables. RESULTS In unadjusted comparisons, childhood victims did not differ significantly from non-victims on BMI (mean [SD]=27.49 [4.53] and 26.97 [4.60], respectively) or rates of obesity (42% and 31%, respectively) in early adulthood. In adjusted models, no group differences emerged for BMI (β [95% confidence interval (CI)]=.02 [-.09 to .13], p=.77) or obesity (odds ratio [95% CI]=1.58 [.67-3.71], p=.30). CONCLUSIONS Peer victimization has been associated with immediate and long-term maladjustment outcomes that are in some cases life threatening. However, our null results do not support that peer victimization significantly increases long-term risk for obesity, and findings are consistent with two other long-term prospective studies of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C R Kerr
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd., Eugene, OR 97401, United States.
| | - Gianluca Gini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
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113
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Paans NPG, Bot M, Gibson-Smith D, Spinhoven P, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. Which biopsychosocial variables contribute to more weight gain in depressed persons? Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:96-103. [PMID: 28457991 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depression appears to be associated with weight gain. Little is known about whether this association is independent of, or partly due to, several biopsychosocial variables. This study aims to investigate which biopsychosocial variables contribute to weight gain over a 4-year period in persons with major depressive disorder (MDD) or high depressive symptoms. Data from 1658 adults who participated in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used. Baseline depression was measured with a DSM-IV based psychiatric interview and with a depressive symptom measure. Four year weight gain was classified as stable weight (within 5% gain or loss) versus weight gain (>5% gain). Twenty-one baseline psychological, lifestyle and biological variables and antidepressant use were considered as potential contributing variables. In sociodemographic adjusted models, MDD and depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent weight gain. None of the biopsychosocial variables or antidepressants was associated with weight gain, thus did not contribute to the observed increased weight gain risk in depression, except for alcohol intake and TCA use. Future research should explore other potential factors that may be responsible for the increased risk for subsequent weight gain in depression, e.g. unhealthy dietary patterns or eating styles, or underlying intrinsic factors such as genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine P G Paans
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University and Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Steinig J, Nagl M, Linde K, Zietlow G, Kersting A. Antenatal and postnatal depression in women with obesity: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:569-585. [PMID: 28612176 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and depression are prevalent complications during pregnancy and associated with severe health risks for the mother and the child. The co-occurrence of both conditions may lead to a particular high-risk group. This review provides a systematic overview of the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and antenatal or postnatal depression. We conducted a systematic electronic literature search for English language articles published between January 1990 and March 2017. Inclusion criteria were (a) adult pregnant women, (b) women with pre-pregnancy obesity and normal weight controls, (c) definition of obesity according to the IOM 1990/2009 criteria, (d) established depression measure, and (e) report on the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and antenatal or postnatal depression. Fourteen (eight prospective (PS), six cross-sectional (CS)) studies were included. One study reported data from a large community-based sample, and one reported cross-national data. Of 13 studies examining pre-pregnancy obesity and antenatal depression, 9 found a higher risk or higher levels of antenatal depression among women with obesity relative to normal weight (6 PS, 3 CS), while 4 studies found no association (2 PS, 2 CS). Of four studies examining pre-pregnancy obesity and postnatal depression, two studies found a positive association (two PS), one study (CS) reported different findings for different obesity classes, and one study found none (PS). The findings suggest that women with obesity are especially vulnerable to antenatal depression. There is a need to develop appropriate screening routines and targeted interventions to mitigate negative health consequences for the mother and the child. Research addressing the association between obesity and postnatal depression is too limited to draw solid conclusions. Results are mainly based on selective samples, and there is a need for further high-quality prospective studies examining the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and antenatal and postnatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Steinig
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Nagl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Linde
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grit Zietlow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Jung SJ, Woo HT, Cho S, Park K, Jeong S, Lee YJ, Kang D, Shin A. Association between body size, weight change and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:14-21. [PMID: 28428339 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe association between body size, weight change and depression has not been systematically summarised, especially for individuals who are underweight.AimsTo conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to examine the association between indices of body size, weight change and depression.MethodA total of 183 studies were selected. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. A total of 76 studies contributed to data synthesis with a random-effect model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of potential moderators.ResultsIn cohort studies, underweight at baseline increased the risk of subsequent depression (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24). Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) showed no statistically significant relationship with depression overall; however, the subgroup analyses found different results according to gender (men: OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97, women: OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). In cross-sectional designs, obesity with BMI >40 kg/m2 showed a greater pooled odds ratio than obesity with BMI >30 kg/m2ConclusionsBoth underweight and obesity increase the risk of depression. The association between overweight and depression differs by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Jung
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Taek Woo
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyounghoon Park
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokhun Jeong
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Sun Jae June, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Hyuna-taek woo, MD, Sooyouna Cho, MS, Kyounahoon Park, MD, Seokhun Jeong, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yu Jin Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Daehee Kang, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Aesun Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Cofré-Lizama A, Delgado-Floody PA, Saldivia-Mansilla C, Jerez-Mayorga D. [Comprehensive diagnosis in patients with morbid obesity; candidates for bariatric surgery and suggestions for preoperative treatment]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2017; 19:527-532. [PMID: 30183858 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v19n4.50809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to analyze and describe the psychological, metabolic, anthropometric and physical condition of obese candidates for bariatric surgery. This is in order to determine the preoperative intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS The population is made up of 24 obese candidates for bariatric surgery; five men and 19 women between 21 and 60 years old. The sample type is non-probabilistic, with non-randomised subjects chosen conveniently and volunteers. Psychological, anthropometric, metabolic and physical condition variables were evaluated. RESULTS The average age of participants corresponds to 41.0 years old. Low levels of empathic joy were observed. Anxiety symptoms presented an intermediate level: 62,5 % presented minimal depression, 29,1 % presented slight depression, and 8,4 % presented considerable depression. Body weight averaged 99.1 kg, height 1.6 meters, Body Mass Index (BMI) 39.3, the percentage of fat mass and contour waist averaged 41.1 118.0 centimeters in that order. With regards to plasma levels (mg / dl), the following were obtained: total cholesterol 192.9, 120.0 LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, 43.3, 182.3 triglycerides, glycerin to 105.9; and distance covered in 6 minutes was 511.9 meters. CONCLUSIONS The results provide information to determine best Preoperative intervention strategies; changing the lifestyles of patients, keeping the postoperative weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cofré-Lizama
- AC: Psicólogo. M. Sc. Piscología Clínica. Escuela de Psicología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Santo Tomás. Temuco, Chile.
| | - Pedro A Delgado-Floody
- PD: Lic. Educación. Profesor de Educación Física. M. Sc. Actividad Física y Salud. Ph. D. Actividad Física y Salud. Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación. Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco, Chile.
| | - Claudia Saldivia-Mansilla
- CS: Psicóloga. M. Sc. Psicología. Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Santo Tomás. Temuco, Chile.
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- DJ: Kinesiólogo. M. Sc. Actividad Física y Salud. Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación. Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago, Chile.
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118
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Sanati A. From lesion theory of mental illness to Westworld and back - psychiatry in the movies. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:13. [PMID: 28673944 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.199851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between obesity and a wide range of mental health issues and to identify where sex differences exist and may vary across disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Research on sex differences in the relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders is more abundant in some areas, such as depression and eating disorders, than others, such as anxiety, trauma, and substance use. However, for most of the disorders, their relationships with obesity and sex are complex and are usually moderated by additional variables. Thus, studies that find stronger relationships for women between depression and obesity cross-sectionally do not tell the whole story, as longitudinal studies suggest that this relationship may also be present among men, particularly when confounders are considered. For those with eating disorders, men and women with obesity are fairly equally affected, and weight and shape concerns may play a role in maintaining these behaviors for both sexes. Weight stigma, though, seems to have worse consequences for women than men with obesity. Sex differences exist in relation to the associations between mental health and obesity. However, these differences vary by disorder, with disorder-specific moderators playing a role, such as age for depressive disorders, comorbid depression for anxiety disorders, and weight and shape concerns for eating disorders. More work is needed to understand if sex differences play a role in the relationship between obesity and anxiety, trauma, and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Shaw Tronieri
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Courtney McCuen Wurst
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pearl
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Gao J, Peng B, Ren Z, Zhang X. Variable selection for a categorical varying-coefficient model with identifications for determinants of body mass index. Ann Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1214/17-aoas1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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121
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Daly M, Robinson E, Sutin AR. Does Knowing Hurt? Perceiving Oneself as Overweight Predicts Future Physical Health and Well-Being. Psychol Sci 2017; 28:872-881. [PMID: 28504919 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617696311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying oneself as being overweight may be associated with adverse health outcomes, yet prospective tests of this possibility are lacking. Over 7 years, we examined associations between perceptions of being overweight and subsequent health in a sample of 3,582 U.S. adults. Perceiving oneself as being overweight predicted longitudinal declines in subjective health ( d = -0.22, p < .001), increases in depressive symptoms ( d = 0.09, p < .05), and raised levels of physiological dysregulation ( d = 0.24, p < .001), as gauged by clinical indicators of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic functioning. These associations remained after controlling for a range of potential confounders and were observed irrespective of whether perceptions of being overweight were accurate or inaccurate. This research highlights the possibility that identifying oneself as overweight may act independently of body mass index to contribute to unhealthy profiles of physiological functioning and impaired health over time. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating whether weight-feedback interventions may have unforeseen adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daly
- 1 Behavioural Science Centre, University of Stirling.,2 UCD Geary Institute, University College Dublin
| | - Eric Robinson
- 3 Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool
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Psychological and Psychiatric Traits in Post-bariatric Patients Asking for Body-Contouring Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017; 41:90-97. [PMID: 28032161 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Obese patients, mainly females, feel uncomfortable and unsatisfied with their physical appearance; they have a wrong perception of their image and consequently diminish their self-esteem, sometimes showing difficulties in functional areas such as work, relationship, social activity. Beside health concerns, improving their appearance and body image are often common motives for weight loss in obese individuals and after weight loss about 30% of bariatric surgery patients undergo plastic surgical correction of excessive skin. The authors investigated psychological and psychiatric traits in post-bariatric patients undergoing body-contouring surgery to underline the strong correlation between psychiatry and obesity and avoid unsatisfactory results in post-bariatric patients. METHODS The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory II, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, Body Uneasiness Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11, and Binge Eating Scale were performed in 36 post-bariatric patients looking for plastic surgery and 21 controls, similar for clinical features, not seeking shape remodelling. RESULTS Much different psychiatric pathology characterizes cases, including current body dysmorphic disorder and previous major depression and anxiety disorders, impulsivity, binging and body uneasiness are other common traits. CONCLUSIONS In post-obesity rehabilitation, a strong collaboration between the plastic surgeon and psychiatrist is recommended to reduce the number of non-compliant patients. Preoperative psychological assessment of the body-contouring patient should be a central part of the initial plastic surgery consultation, as it should be for all plastic surgery patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .
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Tønning M, Petersen D, Steglich-Petersen M, Csillag C. Surrogate markers of visceral fat and response to anti-depressive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: a prospective exploratory analysis. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:110-114. [PMID: 27701935 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2016.1238508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and body weight have been shown to be associated to treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder, but this relationship is not clear. Visceral fat might be an underlying mechanism explaining this relationship. AIMS The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate whether visceral fat, as measured by hip-to-waist ratio and waist circumference, affects treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder in patients attending a hospital psychiatric care unit in Denmark. METHODS The study was conducted as an observational prospective study including 33 patients with major depressive disorder. Assessments were made at enrolment and after 8 weeks. Primary variables were hip-to-waist ratio and waist circumference. Outcome were remission or response of depressive symptoms measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) interviews and HAM-D6 self-rating questionnaires. RESULTS No differences were found in outcome between groups of patients with high vs low visceral fat in this population. CONCLUSIONS The lack of association was evident for all surrogate markers of visceral fat, and suggests that visceral fat has no impact on outcomes of depressive symptoms. However, study limitations might have contributed to this lack of association, especially sample size and considerable variations on multiple parameters including treatment received during the 8 weeks of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Tønning
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Center North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Dorthe Petersen
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Center North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Marie Steglich-Petersen
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Center North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Claudio Csillag
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Center North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
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Robinson E, Sutin A, Daly M. Perceived weight discrimination mediates the prospective relation between obesity and depressive symptoms in U.S. and U.K. adults. Health Psychol 2017; 36:112-121. [PMID: 27748611 PMCID: PMC5267562 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. METHOD Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996-2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. RESULTS Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. CONCLUSION In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool
| | | | - Michael Daly
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Heymsfield
- From Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (S.B.H.); and the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.A.W.)
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- From Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (S.B.H.); and the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.A.W.)
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126
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Yusufov M, Dalrymple K, Bernstein MH, Walsh E, Rosenstein L, Chelminski I, Zimmerman M. Body mass index, depression, and suicidality: The role of self-esteem in bariatric surgery candidates. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:238-247. [PMID: 27792969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests a relationship between weight and depression/suicidality, although few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this association. This study examined the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between BMI and depression/suicidality, as well as the moderating role of gender in the mediated pathways. METHODS As part of a screening process in consideration for bariatric surgery, 3,101 adults (81.4% female, 18.6% male) were assessed one time. Five univariate mediation and five univariate moderated-mediation models were hypothesized and analyzed. For the mediation models, we entered five outcome variables separately: 1) severity of depressed mood, 2) diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, 3) lifetime history of suicide attempts, 4) suicidal ideation at the time of evaluation, and 5) severity of suicidality, BMI as the independent variable, and self-esteem as the mediator. For the moderated-mediated models, gender was examined as a moderator to examine whether self-esteem was a stronger mediator for one gender, compared to the other. RESULTS Findings supported the mediating role of self-esteem across all five outcomes. Further, the mediated effect was moderated by gender, such that the mediation effect was stronger for males, compared to females. LIMITATIONS The majority of the sample consisted of White females, limiting broad applicability of findings. All variables were assessed simultaneously, at baseline, limiting the ability to make causal attributions. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that self-esteem may help explain the relationship between BMI and depression/suicidality, particularly for men. Thus, interventions targeting self-esteem may be useful for improving psychological outcomes among those presenting for bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Yusufov
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA.
| | - Kristy Dalrymple
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael H Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Emily Walsh
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Lia Rosenstein
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Iwona Chelminski
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Perceptions of weight management counseling among gynecologic cancer survivors: opportunities for enhancing survivorship care. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:1537-1545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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128
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Li L, Gower BA, Shelton RC, Wu X. Gender-Specific Relationship between Obesity and Major Depression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 29176959 PMCID: PMC5686049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research suggests a bidirectional relationship between obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD), but the results have been heterogeneous. Differences between males and females in the association of MDD with obesity may contribute to inconsistent results. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether sex has a differential effect on the relationship between MDD and obesity, and to explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS All participants were diagnosed with MDD, and depression severity was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Body weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Body composition, including total fat, trunk fat, android fat, and visceral fat mass, was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects provided blood samples, and serum was extracted for measuring the inflammatory factors using human immunoassay kits. RESULTS Among all obesity measures, depressed women had greater BMI and total body fat. By contrast, depressed men had greater visceral fat mass. However, only in depressed women was depression correlated with several measures of obesity, including BMI, total body fat, and visceral fat mass. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, and only visceral fat entered the regression model and was most predictive of depression in women (β = 0.60, p = 0.007). Moreover, compared with depressed men, depressed women had higher leptin levels after controlling for BMI, total body fat, and visceral fat. CONCLUSION These results highlight gender differences in determining the association between obesity and depression, and elevated leptin level is a potential mechanism linking MDD to obesity in depressed women. Understanding a gender-specific relationship between obesity and MDD would allow clinicians to target and personalize therapies in the hope of improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Nascimento GG, Peres KG, Mittinty MN, Mejia GC, Silva DA, Gonzalez-Chica D, Peres MA. Obesity and Periodontal Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Brazil. J Periodontol 2017; 88:50-58. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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130
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Wimmelmann CL, Lund R, Christensen U, Osler M, Mortensen EL. Associations between obesity and mental distress in late midlife: results from a large Danish community sample. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:54. [PMID: 27999678 PMCID: PMC5154079 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine associations of Body mass Index (BMI) and mental distress in late midlife in a large Danish community sample and to investigate the effect of socio-demographic factors. METHODS The study sample comprised 3613 Danish men and 1673 women aged 49-63 years from the Copenhagen Ageing and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) with complete information on measured BMI, severity of mental symptoms assessed by the Symptom Check-List' (SCL-90), and socio-demographic factors including sex, age, occupational social class, and educational duration. Linear and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations between BMI category and SCL-90. RESULTS Unadjusted SCL-90 subscale scores differed significantly across BMI categories (p < 0.001) among both men and women with more mental distress in the underweight, obese and severely obese BMI categories except for the anxiety scale which was not associated with BMI category in women. In the adjusted analyses, all symptom scales remained significantly associated with BMI among men after adjusting for socio-demographic factors while only associations with somatization and depression scales remained significant for women.. When SCL-90 case status was applied as an outcome, significant unadjusted associations with BMI category were observed for somatization (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.026) and the General Severity Index (p = 0.002) among men and somatization (p = 0.002) among women. Furthermore, somatization case-status was significantly predicted by BMI category (p < 0.001) in men after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSION Results indicate more mental distress among underweight, obese and severely obese men and women after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, obese men have higher risk of reporting clinically relevant symptoms of somatization independently of socio-demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Department of Public Health, Medical Psychology Unit, University of Copenhagen, Center for Healthy Aging, Østerfarimagsgade 5A, Building 5, 1. Floor, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark ; Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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131
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Chen C, Gao J, Zhang J, Jia L, Yu T, Zheng Y. Serum leptin level measured 48 h after delivery is associated with development of postpartum depressive symptoms: a 3-month follow-up study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:1001-1008. [PMID: 27295066 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possible relationship between leptin status and postpartum depressive symptoms using serum levels of leptin collected 24-48 h after delivery in a cohort Chinese sample. Women delivering a full-term, singleton, and live-born infant in the period from August 2013 to March 2014 were enrolled immediately postpartum. A blood sample was obtained 24-48 h after childbirth to test serum levels of leptin. Participation consisted of a visit in an obstetric unit at 3 months after delivery. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), completed at 3 months postpartum, was used to classify each woman's depression symptom severity. Demographic, obstetric, behavioral risk, mental health, and psychosocial factors were considered. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors most predictive of postpartum depressive symptoms. During the study period, 407 individuals were included and completed follow-up. At 3 months, according to EPDS score, 53 women (13.0 %) were considered as postpartum depressive symptoms. Serum leptin levels in women with PPD were significantly greater than those in women without depressive symptoms (36.5 [IQR, 25.5-50.4] vs. 14.5 [IQR, 9.4-22.4] ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum leptin levels as an indicator for predicting of depressive symptoms was projected to be 24.3 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 88.7 % and a specificity of 73.4 %, with the area under the curve at 0.867 (95 % CI, 0.817-0.916). In multivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of depressive symptoms associated with leptin levels ≥24.3 ng/ml (OR 8.234; 95 % CI, 3.572-15.876; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for possible confounders. Elevated serum leptin levels at delivery could eventually serve as a biological marker for the prediction of depressive symptoms. These associations were independent of other possible variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Chen
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Jia
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tugen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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132
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Paans NPG, Bot M, Gibson-Smith D, Van der Does W, Spinhoven P, Brouwer I, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. The association between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and body mass index is dependent on depressive and/or anxiety status. J Psychosom Res 2016; 89:26-31. [PMID: 27663107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A range of biological, social and psychological factors, including depression and anxiety disorders, is thought to be associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Depression and anxiety disorders are associated with specific psychological vulnerabilities, like personality traits and cognitive reactivity, that may also be associated with BMI. The relationship between those psychological vulnerabilities and BMI is possibly different in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, we examined the relationship between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and severity of affective symptoms with BMI in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS Data from 1249 patients with current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder and 631 healthy controls were sourced from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness), cognitive reactivity (hopelessness, aggression, rumination, anxiety sensitivity), depression and anxiety symptoms with BMI classes (normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight: 25-29.9, and obese: ≥30kg/m(2)) and continuous BMI. Due to significant statistical interaction, analyses were stratified for healthy individuals and depressed/anxious patients. RESULTS Personality traits were not consistently related to BMI. In patients, higher hopelessness and aggression reactivity and higher depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher BMI. In contrast, in healthy individuals lower scores on hopelessness, rumination, aggression reactivity and anxiety sensitivity were associated with higher BMI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, particularly in people with psychopathology, cognitive reactivity may contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine P G Paans
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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133
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Associations Between Depression and Obesity in Parents and Their Late-Adolescent Offspring: A Community-Based Study. Psychosom Med 2016; 78:861-6. [PMID: 27136499 PMCID: PMC5003674 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are associated within individuals, but little is known about the association between MDD and obesity within families. We hypothesized that parental MDD would predict increased risk for adolescent obesity and that parental obesity would predict increased risk for adolescent MDD. METHODS Participants were drawn from the community-based Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 7307; 17 years old: n = 3774). Parents and their 17-year-old offspring were assessed for MDD using a structured diagnostic interview, and direct assessments of height and weight were conducted (and diagnoses of obesity were derived from these measurements). RESULTS Parental MDD was associated with offspring obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-2.46). ORs representing the risk associated with maternal and paternal MDD were similar (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.02-1.92; OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.88-2.20, respectively). This parental effect remained significant when adjusting for parental obesity and offspring MDD (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.18-2.37). Maternal obesity was associated with increased risk for MDD in offspring (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.06-1.64), but paternal obesity was associated with decreased risk for MDD among offspring (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.54-0.91). These effects remained significant when adjusting for parental MDD and offspring obesity (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.73; OR = 0.65, CI = 0.49-0.87, respectively). There were no differences in these findings by offspring sex (p values for all tests of a sex interaction term > .374). CONCLUSIONS We found general support for hypothesized cross-disorder associations between MDD and obesity in parents and offspring, suggesting that a shared etiology may underlie these associations. Contrary to prediction, paternal obesity was associated with decreased risk for offspring MDD, a finding that requires further investigation.
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134
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Jantaratnotai N, Mosikanon K, Lee Y, McIntyre RS. The interface of depression and obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:1-10. [PMID: 27498907 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression and obesity are both highly prevalent and are leading public health problems. These foregoing disorders independently have great impact on morbidity and mortality affecting patients' health and well-being as well as on the socioeconomic aspect of functional impairment and healthcare expenditure. Results from epidemiological studies, clinical trials and recent meta-analyses support the association between mood disorders and obesity as both frequently co-occur in all races of populations examined. It is now well-established through longitudinal studies that obesity is a risk factor for mood disorders and vice versa. In the current review, we aim to address the evidence regarding 4 questions: (1) does obesity moderate response to antidepressants among patients with depressive disorders?, (2) does the presence of depressive disorders moderate the progression or outcome of obesity?, (3) does treatment of obesity moderate outcomes among patients with depressive disorders?, and (4) does treatment of depressive disorders moderate outcomes of obesity? In order to improve the interpretability of the results we confined the evaluations to studies where patients met the criteria for depressive disorders or obesity (i.e. BMI>30). Extant evidence supports the association between obesity and adverse health outcomes among individuals with depressive disorders. In addition, the treatment of one condition (i.e. obesity or depressive disorders) appears to improve the course of the other condition. It might be beneficial to check for the other condition in patients presenting with one condition and treatment should be administered to treat both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jantaratnotai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kanokwan Mosikanon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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135
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Cezaretto A, Ferreira SRG, Sharma S, Sadeghirad B, Kolahdooz F. Impact of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptoms in individuals at-risk of, or with, type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:649-662. [PMID: 27266986 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Depression affects one in four individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The impact of T2DM lifestyle interventions on depression is unclear. The aim of this analysis was to examine the influence of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptoms scores in individuals at-risk of or with T2DM. METHOD AND RESULTS Major bibliographic databases were searched for studies published in English from 1990 to 2015. Meta-analysis was conducted by random-effects model. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. A significant reduction in depression scores was shown for lifestyle interventions in the pooled analysis (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): -0.165; 95%CI: -0.265, -0.064; I(2):67.9%) and when limited to individuals with T2DM (SMD: -0.202; 95%CI: -0.288, -0.079; I(2):72.5%). In subgroup analyses the most effective intervention methods were face-to-face individual consultations (SMD: -0.241; 95%CI: -0.403, -0.078, I(2): 50.8%) with a duration of ≤6 months (SMD: -0.203; 95%CI: -0.381, -0.026, I(2):59.9%). Interventions were most effective when delivered four times a month (SMD: -0.247; 95%CI: -0.441, -0.053, I(2):76.3%). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions were effective in improving depression among people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cezaretto
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - S R G Ferreira
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - S Sharma
- Indigenous and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - B Sadeghirad
- Health Research Methodology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, ON, Canada; Regional Knowledge Hub and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2T4, Canada.
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136
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Staiano AE, Marker AM, Martin CK, Katzmarzyk PT. Physical activity, mental health, and weight gain in a longitudinal observational cohort of nonobese young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1969-75. [PMID: 27465398 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship among moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), mental health symptoms, and weight gain in young adults. METHODS Fifty-nine healthy men and women (age 26.8 ± 4.7 years, body mass index [BMI] 22.4 ± 2.3 kg/m(2) ) were assessed at baseline and year 2. Weight, BMI, fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anxiety and depression by the SCL-90, and MVPA by accelerometry were assessed. Sex-stratified linear regression models were used to examine associations between baseline anxiety/depression and body composition change, then repeated controlling for baseline MVPA. RESULTS Overall, weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity significantly increased at year 2 (P < 0.05). For women, a higher depression and anxiety score predicted increased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05). Controlling for MVPA attenuated these associations to nonsignificance. For men, MVPA did not alter the associations between anxiety and increased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05) or the associations between depression and decreased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and depression were related to body composition change for young adults. In women, MVPA attenuated these associations to nonsignificance. MVPA may buffer the adverse effects of depression and anxiety symptoms on young women's weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Arwen M Marker
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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137
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Abstract
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) aims to provide patients and physicians with evidence-based guidance on treatment decisions. As researchers conduct CER they face myriad challenges. Although inadequate control of confounding is the most-often cited source of potential bias, selection bias that arises when patients are differentially excluded from analyses is a distinct phenomenon with distinct consequences: confounding bias compromises internal validity, whereas selection bias compromises external validity. Despite this distinction, however, the label "treatment-selection bias" is being used in the CER literature to denote the phenomenon of confounding bias. Motivated by an ongoing study of treatment choice for depression on weight change over time, this paper formally distinguishes selection and confounding bias in CER. By formally distinguishing selection and confounding bias, this paper clarifies important scientific, design, and analysis issues relevant to ensuring validity. First is that the 2 types of biases may arise simultaneously in any given study; even if confounding bias is completely controlled, a study may nevertheless suffer from selection bias so that the results are not generalizable to the patient population of interest. Second is that the statistical methods used to mitigate the 2 biases are themselves distinct; methods developed to control one type of bias should not be expected to address the other. Finally, the control of selection and confounding bias will often require distinct covariate information. Consequently, as researchers plan future studies of comparative effectiveness, care must be taken to ensure that all data elements relevant to both confounding and selection bias are collected.
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138
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Kalidindi A, Kelly SD, Singleton KS, Guzman D, Merrill L, Willard SL, Shively CA, Neigh GN. Reduced marker of vascularization in the anterior hippocampus in a female monkey model of depression. Physiol Behav 2016; 172:12-15. [PMID: 27423324 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common and debilitating mood disorder that impacts women more often than men. The mechanisms that result in depressive behaviors are not fully understood; however, the hippocampus has been noted as a key structure in the pathophysiology of depression. In addition to neural implications of depression, the cardiovascular system is impacted. Although not as commonly considered, the cerebrovasculature is critical to brain function, impacted by environmental stimuli, and is capable of altering neural function and thereby behavior. In the current study, we assessed the relationship between depressive behavior and a marker of vascularization of the hippocampus in adult female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Similar to previously noted impacts on neuropil and glia, the depressed phenotype predicts a reduction in a marker of vascular length in the anterior hippocampus. These data reinforce the growing recognition of the effects of depression on vasculature and support further consideration of vascular endpoints in studies aimed at the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaela S Singleton
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Dora Guzman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liana Merrill
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Willard
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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139
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Conceição DA, Ferrúa CP, Singh A, Demarco FF. Is there a relationship between obesity and tooth loss and edentulism? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:587-98. [PMID: 27125768 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a systematic review to assess the bi-directional association between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity. Electronic searches were performed in four different databases. Observational studies that tested associations between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity as either exposures or outcomes were included. Additionally, meta-analyses, funnel plots and sensitivity analyses were conducted to synthesize the evidence. A total of 549 articles were identified in the electronic database search. Out of which, 16 studies were included within the meta-analyses: 75% considered tooth loss/edentulism as exposure and obesity as outcome, whereas 25% alternatively considered obesity as exposure and tooth loss/edentulism as outcome. Pooled estimates showed that obese individuals had 1.49 (95%CI 1.20-1.86) and 1.25 (95%CI 1.10-1.42) times higher odds of having any tooth loss and edentulism, respectively. Alternatively, when tooth loss or edentulism were considered as exposures, individuals with any tooth loss had 1.41 (95%CI 1.11-1.79) times higher odds for obesity, while edentates had even higher odds (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.29-2.00). The results indicate a bi-directional association between tooth loss and obesity. Considering that all selected studies were of cross-sectional study design limiting inferences on temporality, longitudinal prospective studies are required to test the causal relationship between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity or vice a versa. © 2016 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F R M Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - D A Conceição
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C P Ferrúa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A Singh
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - F F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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140
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Beaulac J, Sandre D. Critical review of bariatric surgery, medically supervised diets, and behavioural interventions for weight management in adults. Perspect Public Health 2016; 137:162-172. [PMID: 27354536 DOI: 10.1177/1757913916653425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patient selection of weight management treatment option is often guided by a variety of factors. Currently, there is no comprehensive tool to facilitate informed decision-making for patients and clinicians. This article aims to synthesise evidence on the treatment effectiveness, health benefits, risks, and patient experiences of treatment options presently available at the Weight Management Clinic at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH), as a first step towards developing a decision aid. METHODS Narrative and systematic reviews published in English between 1999 and 2014 were included that focused on one or more of the following weight management treatments in adults aged 18 years and over: roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), medically supervised meal replacement, and behavioural or lifestyle intervention. RESULTS Overall, bariatric surgeries have received the greatest research attention and have been associated not only with greater weight loss and health benefit but also with greater risks, complications, and financial cost. Dietary programmes demonstrated weight loss and health benefits to a lesser extent than with surgery but were associated with lower and shorter-term risks and complications. Behavioural and lifestyle interventions have been studied less yet have shown significant, albeit small, weight loss outcomes alone and in combination with dietary or surgical options; they also appear to be the lowest risk interventions. Patient experiences of weight management options are mixed and not well understood. CONCLUSION Further research is needed; however, this review identified some general trends related to weight loss outcomes, benefits, risks, and barriers for weight management options that have implications for shared treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Beaulac
- Psychology Department, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella Sandre
- Psychology Department, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Svärd A, Lahti J, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Lallukka T. Obesity and psychotropic medication: a prospective register linkage study among midlife women and men. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:185. [PMID: 27267751 PMCID: PMC4896028 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both obesity and mental health are major public health issues. This study aimed to examine whether overweight and obesity among midlife employees are associated with subsequent psychotropic medication. A further aim was to examine the potential effect of key covariates on the association. METHODS The Helsinki Health Study baseline survey was conducted in 2000-2002 among 40-60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n = 8960). The participants were classified as of normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)), obese (30-34.9 kg/m(2)) or severely obese (≥35 kg/m(2)) based on self-reported body mass index. Data on psychotropic medication purchases from baseline to 2009 were derived from registers of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The final analysis included 4760 women and 1338 men. Antidepressants and sedatives were examined separately. Covariates included socio-demographic factors, workload, health behaviours, physical functioning, somatic ill-health and psychotropic medication prior to baseline. Hazard ratios (HR) for the first psychotropic medication purchase were calculated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Third of women and quarter of men made at least one psychotropic medication purchase during the follow-up. Adjusting for age, obese (HR = 1.57; 95 % CI = 1.10-2.24) and severely obese (HR = 2.15; 95 % CI = 1.29-3.56) men were at risk of having psychotropic medication compared to men of normal weight. These associations disappeared after further adjustment. Severe obesity remained associated with subsequent sedative medication among the men even after full adjustment (HR = 2.12; 95 % CI = 1.17-3.84). No associations were found among the women. CONCLUSIONS Obese and severely obese men, but not women, were at risk of psychotropic medication. Further studies are needed to deepen understanding of the relationship between obesity and mental ill-health, and the possible protecting effects of age, employment, and living environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Svärd
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8B, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8B, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8B, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8B, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8B, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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142
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Rudisill C, Charlton J, Booth HP, Gulliford MC. Are healthcare costs from obesity associated with body mass index, comorbidity or depression? Cohort study using electronic health records. Clin Obes 2016; 6:225-31. [PMID: 27097821 PMCID: PMC5074251 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and healthcare costs in relation to obesity-related comorbidity and depression. A population-based cohort study was undertaken in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A stratified random sample was taken of participants registered with general practices in England in 2008 and 2013. Person time was classified by BMI category and morbidity status using first diagnosis of diabetes (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke or malignant neoplasms. Participants were classified annually as depressed or not depressed. Costs of healthcare utilization were calculated from primary care records with linked hospital episode statistics. A two-part model estimated predicted mean annual costs by age, gender and morbidity status. Linear regression was used to estimate the effects of BMI category, comorbidity and depression on healthcare costs. The analysis included 873 809 person-years (62% female) from 250 046 participants. Annual healthcare costs increased with BMI, to a mean of £456 (95% CI 344-568) higher for BMI ≥40 kg m(-2) than for normal weight based on a general linear model. After adjusting for BMI, the additional cost of comorbidity was £1366 (£1269-£1463) and depression £1044 (£973-£1115). There was evidence of interaction so that as the BMI category increased, additional costs of comorbidity (£199, £74-£325) or depression (£116, £16-£216) were greater. High healthcare costs in obesity may be driven by the presence of comorbidity and depression. Prioritizing primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the obese population may contribute to reducing obesity-related healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rudisill
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - J Charlton
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H P Booth
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M C Gulliford
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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143
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Mannan M, Mamun A, Doi S, Clavarino A. Is there a bi-directional relationship between depression and obesity among adult men and women? Systematic review and bias-adjusted meta analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 21:51-66. [PMID: 27208458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of both obesity and depression represent two major public health concerns worldwide. But the evidence regarding the direction and strength of the association between these two disorders, for both adult men and women, are remain inconclusive. We systematically reviewed publications from five different databases: Pubmed, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL and PsychINFO. A total of 21 articles were included for the systematic review and 19 of them for the meta-analysis using a bias-adjusted (quality effect) model. This resulted in the inclusion of approximately 226,063 (33.7% men) participants. Those who were depressed had a 37% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.48) increased risk of being obese, and who were obese had an 18% increased risk of being depressed (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35). Those who were depressed had a 2% (RD: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03) excess risk of obesity, however, the reciprocal associations were not significant. The association between overweight and depression was not found significant in either direction. Both men and women were at risk of obesity and depression bi-directionally. In sensitivity analyses bi-directional associations were more pronounced among young and middle aged adults and in studies with longer follow-up. The findings of this study suggest that the strength of the association is greater for the direction leading from depression to obesity and this link was more pronounced for young and middle aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munim Mannan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Suhail Doi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
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Pisanu C, Preisig M, Castelao E, Glaus J, Cunningham JL, Del Zompo M, Merikangas KR, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. High leptin levels are associated with migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2016; 37:435-441. [PMID: 27165492 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416648650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Migraine is a prevalent disorder characterised by recurrent headache attacks preceded or accompanied by aura in a subgroup of patients. Migraine often occurs together with major depressive disorder (MDD). Alterations of adipokine levels have been reported both in migraine and in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the associations between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and migraine or migraine subtypes. Analyses were adjusted for a lifetime history of MDD in order to investigate the association between adipokines and migraine under consideration of depression status. Methods We included 3025 participants from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The impact of leptin and adiponectin levels on a diagnosis of migraine was analysed by binary regression analyses, adjusting for variables known to influence adipokine levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the presence of aura. Results Crude leptin levels were significantly higher in subjects with migraine than controls (Mann-Whitney U = 515,102, p = 6 × 10-7). When performing adjusted analyses, leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with migraine (odds ratio = 1.22, p = 0.024) and migraine with aura (odds ratio = 1.34, p = 0.004). Conclusion High leptin levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine and migraine with aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martin Preisig
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- 4 Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- 5 Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- 4 Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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Comorbidity Factors and Brain Mechanisms Linking Chronic Stress and Systemic Illness. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5460732. [PMID: 26977323 PMCID: PMC4761674 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5460732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental illness are commonly present in patients with chronic systemic diseases. Mood disorders, such as depression, are present in up to 50% of these patients, resulting in impaired physical recovery and more intricate treatment regimen. Stress associated with both physical and emotional aspects of systemic illness is thought to elicit detrimental effects to initiate comorbid mental disorders. However, clinical reports also indicate that the relationship between systemic and psychiatric illnesses is bidirectional, further increasing the complexity of the underlying pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence linking chronic stress and systemic illness, such as activation of the immune response system and release of common proinflammatory mediators. Altogether, discovery of new targets is needed for development of better treatments for stress-related psychiatric illnesses as well as improvement of mental health aspects of different systemic diseases.
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146
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Adiposity and psychosocial outcomes at ages 30 and 35. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:309-18. [PMID: 26271460 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between adiposity and adult psychosocial outcomes (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, self-esteem, household income, personal income, savings/investments) in a New Zealand birth cohort, by gender. Adiposity was assessed using Body Mass Index scores classified on a 3-point scale of BMI: <25.0, overweight (25.0-29.9) or obese (≥30). METHODS Data were gathered via face-to-face and telephone interviews for the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), comprising a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. BMI and psychosocial outcome information was collected in 2007 (30 years; n = 977) and in 2012 (35 years; n = 923). RESULTS Population-averaged regression modeling showed evidence of statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations between increasing adiposity and adverse psychosocial outcomes for females, but not for males. After adjustment for child and family background covariates the strength of the associations for females was reduced; with four associations (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, equivalized household income and savings/investments) remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, for males there was a significant (p = 0.008) positive association between adiposity and higher personal net weekly income after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest evidence of gender differences in the associations between adiposity and psychosocial outcomes. For females, there were small but pervasive tendencies for increasing adiposity to be related to more adverse mental health, psychological well-being and economic outcomes; whereas for males adiposity was either unrelated to these outcomes, or in the case of personal income, associated with greater economic advantage. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Rodgers S, Vandeleur CL, Ajdacic-Gross V, Aleksandrowicz AA, Strippoli MPF, Castelao E, Glaus J, Lasserre AM, Müller M, Rössler W, Angst J, Preisig M. Tracing the associations between sex, the atypical and the combined atypical-melancholic depression subtypes: A path analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:807-818. [PMID: 26625093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined determinants leading to preponderance of women in major depressive disorder (MDD), which is particularly accentuated for the atypical depression subtype. It is thus of interest to explore the specific indirect effects influencing the association between sex and established depression subtypes. METHODS The data of 1624 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of MDD derived from the population-based PsyCoLaus data were used. An atypical (n=256), a melancholic (n=422), a combined atypical and melancholic features subtype (n=198), and an unspecified MDD group (n=748) were constructed according to the DSM-IV specifiers. Path models with direct and indirect effects were applied to the data. RESULTS Partial mediation of the female-related atypical and combined atypical-melancholic depression subtypes was found. Early anxiety disorders and high emotion-orientated coping acted as mediating variables between sex and the atypical depression subtype. In contrast, high Body Mass Index (BMI) served as a suppression variable, also concerning the association between sex and the combined atypical-melancholic subtype. The latter association was additionally mediated by an early age of MDD onset and early/late anxiety disorders. LIMITATIONS The use of cross-sectional data does not allow causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that provides evidence for a differentiation of the general mechanisms explaining sex differences of overall MDD by depression subtypes. Determinants affecting the pathways begin early in life. Since some of them are primarily of behavioral nature, the present findings could be a valuable target in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra A Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Angst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bruce DG, Davis WA, Hunter ML, Peters KE, Davis TME, Starkstein SE. Lifetime depression history and depression risk in type 2 diabetes: A case-control study. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:38-42. [PMID: 26604164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether a personal history of depression assists in risk prediction for depression in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Age- and sex-matched participants with and without diabetes from the Busselton Health Survey were assessed for current and previous depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Brief Lifetime Depression Scale (BLDS). In the diabetic participants, the temporal relationship between first depression episode and diabetes onset was also explored. RESULTS In 184 paired participants (age 70.2±10.1years, 50% female), those with diabetes had a higher prevalence of any current depression (12.5% vs 4.3%, P<0.01) and lifetime history of major depression (30.6% vs 21.1%, P=0.06) compared to those without diabetes. After adjustment, lifetime major depression history was independently associated with any current depression in the combined sample (odds ratio (95% CI): 5.55 (3.09-9.98), P<0.001), in those with diabetes (4.17 (2.00-8.71), P<0.001), in those without diabetes (8.29 (3.24-21.23), P<0.001) and in diabetes whether sub-divided by depression first occurring before or after diabetes onset (before: 3.16 (1.38-7.24), P=0.007; after: 2.77 (1.00-7.70), P=0.051). CONCLUSIONS Obtaining a lifetime history of major depression using the BLDS assists in depression risk prediction in type 2 diabetes regardless of whether depression preceded diabetes onset or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Bruce
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of WA, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160.
| | - Wendy A Davis
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of WA, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160
| | - Michael L Hunter
- School of Population Health, University of WA, Western Australia 6009; Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
| | - Kirsten E Peters
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of WA, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of WA, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160
| | - Sergio E Starkstein
- School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of WA, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160
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150
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Goldschmidt AB, Wall M, Choo THJ, Becker C, Neumark-Sztainer D. Shared risk factors for mood-, eating-, and weight-related health outcomes. Health Psychol 2015; 35:245-52. [PMID: 26690639 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the overlap among depressive symptoms, disordered eating, and overweight, identifying shared risk factors for these conditions may inform public health interventions. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and prospective relationships among these 3 conditions, and identify potential shared eating-related and psychosocial variable risk factors (i.e., body dissatisfaction, dieting, teasing experiences). METHOD A population-based sample (n = 1,902) self-reported depressive symptoms, disordered eating (binge eating, extreme weight control behaviors), weight status, and several putative risk factors (body satisfaction, dieting frequency, weight-related teasing) at 5-year intervals spanning early/middle adolescence, middle adolescence/early young adulthood, and early/middle young adulthood. RESULTS There was moderate overlap among depressive symptoms, disordered eating, and overweight at each time point, and moderate stability in each condition over time. Body dissatisfaction and dieting were the most potent shared risk factors for later depressive symptoms, disordered eating, and overweight among males and females (ps < .05). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms, disordered eating, and overweight share several risk factors, including dieting and body dissatisfaction, which may be effective targets for interventions aiming to simultaneously prevent these 3 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University
| | | | | | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
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