101
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Zeng M, He Y, Du H, Yang J, Wan H. Output Regulation and Function Optimization of Mitochondria in Eukaryotes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598112. [PMID: 33330486 PMCID: PMC7718039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of endosymbiosis between aerobic alpha-proteobacterium and anaerobic eukaryotic cell precursors opened the chapter of eukaryotic evolution. Multiple functions of mitochondria originated from the ancient precursors of mitochondria and underwent remodeling in eukaryotic cells. Due to the dependence on mitochondrial functions, eukaryotic cells need to constantly adjust mitochondrial output based on energy demand and cellular stress. Meanwhile, eukaryotes conduct the metabolic cooperation between different cells through the involvement of mitochondria. Under some conditions, mitochondria might also be transferred to nearby cells to provide a protective mechanism. However, the endosymbiont relationship determines the existence of various types of mitochondrial injury, such as proteotoxic stress, mutational meltdown, oxidative injure, and immune activation caused by released mitochondrial contents. Eukaryotes have a repertoire of mitochondrial optimization processes, including various mitochondrial quality-control proteins, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and activation of mitochondrial autophagy. When these quality-control processes fail, eukaryotic cells can activate apoptosis to intercept uncontrolled cell death, thereby minimizing the damage to extracellular tissue. In this review, we describe the intracellular and extracellular context-based regulation of mitochondrial output in eukaryotic cells, and introduce new findings on multifaceted quality-control processes to deal with mitochondrial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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102
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Rose J, Brian C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission and Redox Balance. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536682. [PMID: 33224019 PMCID: PMC7674659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.536682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), anaplerotic inputs and cataplerotic outputs, as well as carbon shuttles to neurons, which highlight the metabolic specialization of astrocytic mitochondria and its relevance to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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103
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Bobermin LD, Weber FB, Dos Santos TM, Belló-Klein A, Wyse ATS, Gonçalves CA, Quincozes-Santos A. Sulforaphane Induces Glioprotection After LPS Challenge. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:829-846. [PMID: 33079284 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a natural compound that presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, including in the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglial cells are involved in several functions to maintain brain homeostasis, actively participating in the inflammatory response and antioxidant defense systems. We, herein, investigated the potential mechanisms involved in the glioprotective effects of sulforaphane in the C6 astrocyte cell line, when challenged with the inflammogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sulforaphane prevented the LPS-induced increase in the expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory mediators, possibly due to nuclear factor κB and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation. Sulforaphane also modulated the expressions of the Toll-like and adenosine receptors, which often mediate inflammatory processes induced by LPS. Additionally, sulforaphane increased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), both of which mediate several cytoprotective responses. Sulforaphane also prevented the increase in NADPH oxidase activity and the elevations of superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine that were stimulated by LPS. In addition, sulforaphane and LPS modulated superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane were blocked by HO1 pharmacological inhibition, suggesting its dependence on HO1 activity. Finally, in support of a glioprotective role, sulforaphane prevented the LPS-induced decrease in glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase activity, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, as well as the augmentations in S100B release and Na+, K+ ATPase activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has comprehensively explored the glioprotective effects of sulforaphane on astroglial cells, reinforcing the beneficial effects of sulforaphane on astroglial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Becker Weber
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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104
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Madi YF, Choucry MA, El-Marasy SA, Meselhy MR, El-Kashoury ESA. UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Egypt; neuroprotective effect against AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112930. [PMID: 32376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is commonly used in teas, soups and treat inflammatory-based ailments, vascular and nervous disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus leaves through scientific protocol. The effect of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts was evaluated against AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. Metabolic profiling of the plant, isolation of bioactive compounds and standardization of the active fraction were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS AE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves was prepared as per traditional method (infusion), EE was prepared by repeated maceration in 90% ethanol, bioactive fraction (BAEE) was obtained from EE and the active compounds thereof were obtained by column chromatography. Metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus was performed by UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC was used for standardization. AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's rats were used to assess neuroprotective effect of the extracts. Neuroprotective mechanism(s) of Cymbopogon citratus extracts was clarified through histopathological examination of brain tissues, estimation of AD biochemical markers, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in brain homogenates. In addition, antioxidant (using DPPH assay) and anticholinesterase (using modified Ellman's method) activities were investigated. RESULTS AlCl3-treated rats (17 mg/kg/day) showed histopathological alteration in brain tissues together with elevated levels of Aβ, tau proteins, MDA, NF-kB and IL-6. However, treatment with AE and EE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves prevented the pathological changes and maintained the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. In addition, BAEE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (2.11 ± 0.11 mg/ml) and exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (24.99 ± 0.00 μg/ml). UPLC-MS of Cymbopogon citratus leaves showed peaks for twenty-eight compounds, twenty-one of them were identified. Three flavonoids; isoorientin, isoschaftoside and luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside were isolated from BAEE as major constituents. The powdered leaves of Cymbopogon citratus was found to contain remarkable amounts of caffeic acid (3.49 mg/g dry wt.) and isoorientin (7.37 mg/g dry wt.) as determined by HPLC. CONCLUSION Cymbopogon citratus ethanolic extract attenuates AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. This effect could possibly attributed, in part to its high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Accordingly, we recommend Cymbopogon citratus leaves for protection against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine F Madi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11361, Egypt.
| | - Salma A El-Marasy
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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105
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Assis‐de‐Lemos G, Ledur PF, Karmirian K, Rehen SK, Galina A. A Protocol to Study Mitochondrial Function in Human Neural Progenitors and iPSC‐Derived Astrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 85:e97. [DOI: 10.1002/cptx.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Assis‐de‐Lemos
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Center for Health SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Health SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Health SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Center for Health SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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106
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Dematteis G, Vydmantaitė G, Ruffinatti FA, Chahin M, Farruggio S, Barberis E, Ferrari E, Marengo E, Distasi C, Morkūnienė R, Genazzani AA, Grilli M, Grossini E, Corazzari M, Manfredi M, Lim D, Jekabsone A, Tapella L. Proteomic analysis links alterations of bioenergetics, mitochondria-ER interactions and proteostasis in hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:645. [PMID: 32811809 PMCID: PMC7434916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a slowly-developing age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is a result of the action of multiple factors including deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysproteostasis. Interaction of these factors in astrocytes, principal homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, is still poorly understood. Here we report that in immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice (3Tg-iAstro cells) bioenergetics is impaired, including reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Shotgun proteomics analysis of mitochondria-ER-enriched fraction showed no alterations in the expression of mitochondrial and OxPhos proteins, while those related to the ER functions and protein synthesis were deregulated. Using ER- and mitochondria-targeted aequorin-based Ca2+ probe we show that, in 3Tg-iAstro cells, ER was overloaded with Ca2+ while Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria upon ATP stimulation was reduced. This was accompanied by the increase in short distance (≈8–10 nm) contact area between mitochondria and ER, upregulation of ER-stress/unfolded protein response genes Atf4, Atf6 and Herp, and reduction of global protein synthesis rate. We suggest that familial AD mutations in 3Tg-iAstro cells induce mitochondria-ER interaction changes that deregulate astrocytic bioenergetics, Ca2+ homeostasis and proteostasis. These factors may interact, creating a pathogenic loop compromising homeostatic and defensive functions of astroglial cells predisposing neurons to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabrielė Vydmantaitė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Malak Chahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- DiSIT, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ramunė Morkūnienė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Aistė Jekabsone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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107
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Steinmeier J, Kube S, Karger G, Ehrke E, Dringen R. β-Lapachone Induces Acute Oxidative Stress in Rat Primary Astrocyte Cultures that is Terminated by the NQO1-Inhibitor Dicoumarol. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2442-2455. [PMID: 32789798 PMCID: PMC7511478 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
β-lapachone (β-lap) is reduced in tumor cells by the enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to a labile hydroquinone which spontaneously reoxidises to β-lap, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. To test for the consequences of an acute exposure of brain cells to β-lap, cultured primary rat astrocytes were incubated with β-lap for up to 4 h. The presence of β-lap in concentrations of up to 10 µM had no detectable adverse consequences, while higher concentrations of β-lap compromised the cell viability and the metabolism of astrocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with half-maximal effects observed for around 15 µM β-lap after a 4 h incubation. Exposure of astrocytes to β-lap caused already within 5 min a severe increase in the cellular production of ROS as well as a rapid oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The transient cellular accumulation of GSSG was followed by GSSG export. The β-lap-induced ROS production and GSSG accumulation were completely prevented in the presence of the NQO1 inhibitor dicoumarol. In addition, application of dicoumarol to β-lap-exposed astrocytes caused rapid regeneration of the normal high cellular GSH to GSSG ratio. These results demonstrate that application of β-lap to cultured astrocytes causes acute oxidative stress that depends on the activity of NQO1. The sequential application of β-lap and dicoumarol to rapidly induce and terminate oxidative stress, respectively, is a suitable experimental paradigm to study consequences of a defined period of acute oxidative stress in NQO1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Steinmeier
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophie Kube
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Karger
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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108
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Increases of iASPP-Keap1 interaction mediated by syringin enhance synaptic plasticity and rescue cognitive impairments via stabilizing Nrf2 in Alzheimer's models. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101672. [PMID: 32828017 PMCID: PMC7452088 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathogenic manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that contributes to synaptic dysfunction, which precedes Aβ accumulation and neurofibrillary tangle formation. However, the molecular machineries that govern the decline of antioxidative defence in AD remains to be elucidated, and effective candidate for AD treatment is limited. Here, we showed that the decreases in the inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) was associated with the vulnerability to oxidative stress in the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) mouse brain. Treatment with an antioxidant, syringin, could ameliorate AD-related pathologic and behavioural impairments. Interestingly, syringin treatment resulted in an upregulation of iASPP and the increase in the interaction of iASPP with Kelchlike ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1). Syringin reduced neuronal apoptosis independently of p53. We confirmed that syringin-induced enhancement of antioxidant defenses involved the stabilization of Nrf2 in overexpressing human Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) cells in vitro. Syringin-mediated Nrf2 nuclear translocation facilitated the activation of the Nrf2 downstream genes via iASPP/Nrf2 axis. Our results demonstrate that syringin-mediated increases of iASPP-Keap1 interaction restore cellular redox balance. Further study on the syringin-iASPP interactions may help in understanding the regulatory mechanism and designing novel potent modulators for AD treatment. Poor expression of iASPP is associated with the serious accumulation of β-amyloid. Syringin reduces Aβ production and mitigates cognitive deficits by amending redox. Syringin-caused increases of iASPP facilitate the activation of NADPH and γGCL-C. Syringin protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress via iASPP/Nrf2 axis.
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109
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Pajares M, I. Rojo A, Manda G, Boscá L, Cuadrado A. Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071687. [PMID: 32674367 PMCID: PMC7408280 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the molecular bases for PD development are still little defined, extensive evidence from human samples and animal models support the involvement of inflammation in onset or progression. However, the exact trigger for this response remains unclear. Here, we provide a systematic review of the cellular mediators, i.e., microglia, astroglia and endothelial cells. We also discuss the genetic and transcriptional control of inflammation in PD and the immunomodulatory role of dopamine and reactive oxygen species. Finally, we summarize the preclinical and clinical approaches targeting neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915854383; Fax: +34-915854401
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110
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Thomaz DT, Andreguetti RR, Binder LB, Scheffer DDL, Corrêa AW, Silva FRMB, Tasca CI. Guanosine Neuroprotective Action in Hippocampal Slices Subjected to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Restores ATP Levels, Lactate Release and Glutamate Uptake Impairment: Involvement of Nitric Oxide. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2217-2229. [PMID: 32666283 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in brain tissue preparations can reproduce several pathological features induced by stroke providing a valuable ex vivo protocol for studying the mechanism of action of neuroprotective agents. Guanosine, an endogenous guanine nucleoside, promotes neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro models of neurotoxicity. We previously showed that guanosine protective effect was mimicked by inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) activity. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanisms related to the protective role of guanosine in rat hippocampal slices subjected to OGD followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Guanosine (100 μM) and the pan-NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (1 mM) afforded protection to hippocampal slices subjected to OGD/R. The presence of NO donors, DETA-NO (800 μM) or SNP (5 μM) increased reactive species production, and abolished the protective effect of guanosine or L-NAME against OGD/R. Guanosine or L-NAME treatment prevented the impaired ATP production, lactate release, and glutamate uptake following OGD/R. The presence of a NO donor also abolished the beneficial effects of guanosine or L-NAME on bioenergetics and glutamate uptake. These results showed, for the first time, that guanosine may regulate cellular bioenergetics in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD/R injury by a mechanism that involves the modulation of NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tonial Thomaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Rafognatto Andreguetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa Bandeira Binder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alisson Willms Corrêa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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111
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Busquets-Garcia A, Hebert-Chatelain E, Serrat R, Vicente-Gutierrez C, Ioannidou C, Gómez-Sotres P, Lopez-Fabuel I, Resch-Beusher M, Resel E, Arnouil D, Saraswat D, Varilh M, Cannich A, Julio-Kalajzic F, Bonilla-Del Río I, Almeida A, Puente N, Achicallende S, Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Jollé C, Déglon N, Pellerin L, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Panatier A, Lutz B, Piazza PV, Guzmán M, Bellocchio L, Bouzier-Sore AK, Grandes P, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Glucose metabolism links astroglial mitochondria to cannabinoid effects. Nature 2020; 583:603-608. [PMID: 32641832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes take up glucose from the bloodstream to provide energy to the brain, thereby allowing neuronal activity and behavioural responses1-5. By contrast, astrocytes are under neuronal control through specific neurotransmitter receptors5-7. However, whether the activation of astroglial receptors can directly regulate cellular glucose metabolism to eventually modulate behavioural responses is unclear. Here we show that activation of mouse astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1) hampers the metabolism of glucose and the production of lactate in the brain, resulting in altered neuronal functions and, in turn, impaired behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Specifically, activation of astroglial mtCB1 receptors reduces the phosphorylation of the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFS4, which decreases the stability and activity of complex I. This leads to a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species by astrocytes and affects the glycolytic production of lactate through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway, eventually resulting in neuronal redox stress and impairment of behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Genetic and pharmacological correction of each of these effects abolishes the effect of cannabinoid treatment on the observed behaviour. These findings suggest that mtCB1 receptor signalling can directly regulate astroglial glucose metabolism to fine-tune neuronal activity and behaviour in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christina Ioannidou
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Gómez-Sotres
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Resch-Beusher
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Resel
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorian Arnouil
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dave Saraswat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Svein Achicallende
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Charlotte Jollé
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1082, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charlène Josephine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Aelis Farma, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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112
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Lechuga-Vieco AV, Latorre-Pellicer A, Johnston IG, Prota G, Gileadi U, Justo-Méndez R, Acín-Pérez R, Martínez-de-Mena R, Fernández-Toro JM, Jimenez-Blasco D, Mora A, Nicolás-Ávila JA, Santiago DJ, Priori SG, Bolaños JP, Sabio G, Criado LM, Ruíz-Cabello J, Cerundolo V, Jones NS, Enríquez JA. Cell identity and nucleo-mitochondrial genetic context modulate OXPHOS performance and determine somatic heteroplasmy dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5345. [PMID: 32832682 PMCID: PMC7439646 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heteroplasmy, multiple variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the same cytoplasm, may be naturally generated by mutations but is counteracted by a genetic mtDNA bottleneck during oocyte development. Engineered heteroplasmic mice with nonpathological mtDNA variants reveal a nonrandom tissue-specific mtDNA segregation pattern, with few tissues that do not show segregation. The driving force for this dynamic complex pattern has remained unexplained for decades, challenging our understanding of this fundamental biological problem and hindering clinical planning for inherited diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the nonrandom mtDNA segregation is an intracellular process based on organelle selection. This cell type-specific decision arises jointly from the impact of mtDNA haplotypes on the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and the cell metabolic requirements and is strongly sensitive to the nuclear context and to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Lechuga-Vieco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERES: C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iain G. Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gennaro Prota
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Justo-Méndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- IBFG, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- IBSAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, C/Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Demetrio J. Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Juan Pedro Bolaños
- IBFG, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- IBSAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, C/Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Criado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruíz-Cabello
- CIBERES: C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick S. Jones
- EPSRC Centre for the Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BB, UK
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERFES, C/Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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113
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Hollnagel JO, Cesetti T, Schneider J, Vazetdinova A, Valiullina-Rakhmatullina F, Lewen A, Rozov A, Kann O. Lactate Attenuates Synaptic Transmission and Affects Brain Rhythms Featuring High Energy Expenditure. iScience 2020; 23:101316. [PMID: 32653807 PMCID: PMC7350153 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate shuttled from blood, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes may serve as the major glucose alternative in brain energy metabolism. However, its effectiveness in fueling neuronal information processing underlying complex cortex functions like perception and memory is unclear. We show that sole lactate disturbs electrical gamma and theta-gamma oscillations in hippocampal networks by either attenuation or neural bursts. Bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in substrate supply. By contrast, lactate does not affect electrical sharp wave-ripple activity featuring lower energy use. Lactate increases the oxygen consumption during the network states, reflecting enhanced oxidative ATP synthesis in mitochondria. Finally, lactate attenuates synaptic transmission in excitatory pyramidal cells and fast-spiking, inhibitory interneurons by reduced neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals, whereas action potential generation in the axon is regular. In conclusion, sole lactate is less effective and potentially harmful during gamma-band rhythms by omitting obligatory ATP delivery through fast glycolysis at the synapse. Lactate fuels network oscillations featuring low energy expenditure Lactate can disturb the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance Lactate attenuates neurotransmission at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses Lactate increases oxygen consumption, whereas neural activity can even decrease
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Oliver Hollnagel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Schneider
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Vazetdinova
- OpenLab of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Andrea Lewen
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; OpenLab of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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114
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Yamagata K. Astrocytic nutritional dysfunction associated with hypoxia-induced neuronal vulnerability in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104786. [PMID: 32579896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) is a valuable animal model to investigate human strokes. SHRSP Izumo strain (Izm) neurons are highly sensitive to blood supply changes. Furthermore, SHRSP/Izm astrocytes show various abnormalities upon hypoxic stimulation compared to control Wistar Kyoto (WKY/Izm) rats. This study aimed to describe stroke-related characteristics of SHRSP/Izm-derived neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we discuss the role of astrocytes in the development of stroke in SHRSP/Izm model. In SHRSP/Izm, neuronal death is induced upon reoxygenation after hypoxia. Furthermore, it was shown that SHRSP/Izm astrocytes show significantly reduced lactate production and supply ability to nerve cells when subjected to hypoxic stimulation. In particular, decreased lactate production and monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) expression in SHRSP/Izm astrocytes are factors that induce neuronal cell death. Remarkable differences in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression and L-serine production were also observed in SHRSP/Izm-derived astrocytes compared to WKY/Izm. Reduced production of both GDNF and L-serine contributes to diminished neuronal survival. The differences between SHRSP/Izm and WKY/Izm astrocyte cellular properties may contribute to compromised neuronal nutrition and induction of neuronal death. These properties are likely to be the factors that enhance stroke in SHRSP/Izm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (UNBS), Japan.
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115
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Severo L, Godinho D, Machado F, Hartmann D, Fighera MR, Soares FA, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Royes LF. The role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress in depressive behavior in recurrent concussion model in mice. Life Sci 2020; 257:117991. [PMID: 32569782 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem in which even though 80 to 90% of cases are considered mild, usually starts a sequence of neurological disorders that can last a considerable time. Most of the research of this injury has been focused on oxidative stress and functional deficits; however, mechanisms that underlie the development of neuropsychiatric disorders remain little researched. Due to this, the present authors decided to investigate whether recurrent concussion protocols alter depressive-like phenotype behavior, and whether mitochondria play an indispensable role in this behavior or not. The experimental data revealed, for the first time, that the present protocol of recurrent concussions (4, 7, and 10 injuries) in mice did not alter immobility time during tail suspension tests (TSTs), but decreased hippocampal mitochondrial respiration and increased expression of proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide (SOD2). This experimental data suggests that bioenergetic changes elicited by recurrent concussion did not induce depressive-like behavior, but activated the transcription factor of responsive antioxidant elements (ARE) that delay or prevent secondary cascades in this neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Godinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Hartmann
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Soares
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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116
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V’yushina AV, Pritvorova AV, Semenova OG, Ordyan NE. Influence of Prenatal Stress on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Subcellular Fractions of the Neurons and Neuroglia of the Rat Neocortex. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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117
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Hill RL, Singh IN, Wang JA, Kulbe JR, Hall ED. Protective effects of phenelzine administration on synaptic and non-synaptic cortical mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation-mediated oxidative damage following TBI in young adult male rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113322. [PMID: 32325157 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of lipid peroxidation (LP). Lipid peroxidation-derived neurotoxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and acrolein bind to mitochondrial proteins, inducing additional oxidative damage and further exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and LP. Mitochondria are heterogeneous, consisting of both synaptic and non-synaptic populations, with synaptic mitochondria being more vulnerable to injury-dependent consequences. The goal of these studies was to explore the hypothesis that interrupting secondary oxidative damage following TBI using phenelzine (PZ), an aldehyde scavenger, would preferentially protect synaptic mitochondria against LP-mediated damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a severe (2.2 mm) controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI. PZ (3-30 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (subQ) at different times post-injury. We found PZ treatment preserves both synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics at 24 h and that this protection is partially maintained out to 72 h post-injury using various dosing regimens. The results from these studies indicate that the therapeutic window for the first dose of PZ is likely within the first hour after injury, and the window for administration of the second dose seems to fall between 12 and 24 h. Administration of PZ was able to significantly improve mitochondrial respiration compared to vehicle-treated animals across various states of respiration for both the non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria. The synaptic mitochondria appear to respond more robustly to PZ treatment than the non-synaptic, and further experimentation will need to be done to further understand these effects in the context of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Hill
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), United States of America.
| | - Indrapal N Singh
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States of America
| | - Juan A Wang
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), United States of America
| | - Jacqueline R Kulbe
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), United States of America
| | - Edward D Hall
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States of America
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118
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Mansur RB, Lee Y, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. What is bipolar disorder? A disease model of dysregulated energy expenditure. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:529-545. [PMID: 32305381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and management of bipolar disorder (BD) have been slow to emerge. Despite notable recent developments in neurosciences, our conceptualization of the nature of this mental disorder has not meaningfully progressed. One of the key reasons for this scenario is the continuing lack of a comprehensive disease model. Within the increasing complexity of modern research methods, there is a clear need for an overarching theoretical framework, in which findings are assimilated and predictions are generated. In this review and hypothesis article, we propose such a framework, one in which dysregulated energy expenditure is a primary, sufficient cause for BD. Our proposed model is centered on the disruption of the molecular and cellular network regulating energy production and expenditure, as well its potential secondary adaptations and compensatory mechanisms. We also focus on the putative longitudinal progression of this pathological process, considering its most likely periods for onset, such as critical periods that challenges energy homeostasis (e.g. neurodevelopment, social isolation), and the resulting short and long-term phenotypical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Kingston General Hospital, Providence Care Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
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119
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Takahashi S. Metabolic compartmentalization between astroglia and neurons in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the neurovascular unit. Neuropathology 2020; 40:121-137. [PMID: 32037635 PMCID: PMC7187297 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia or astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are interposed between neuronal synapses and microvasculature in the brain gray matter. They play a pivotal role in brain metabolism as well as in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, taking advantage of their unique anatomical location. In particular, the astroglial cellular metabolic compartment exerts supportive roles in dedicating neurons to the generation of action potentials and protects them against oxidative stress associated with their high energy consumption. An impairment of normal astroglial function, therefore, can lead to numerous neurological disorders including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroimmunological diseases, in which metabolic derangements accelerate neuronal damage. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the major components of which include neurons, microvessels, and astroglia, is a conceptual framework that was originally used to better understand the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. At present, the NVU is a tool for understanding normal brain physiology as well as the pathophysiology of numerous neurological disorders. The metabolic responses of astroglia in the NVU can be either protective or deleterious. This review focuses on three major metabolic compartments: (i) glucose and lactate; (ii) fatty acid and ketone bodies; and (iii) D- and L-serine. Both the beneficial and the detrimental roles of compartmentalization between neurons and astroglia will be discussed. A better understanding of the astroglial metabolic response in the NVU is expected to lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and StrokeSaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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120
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bolaños JP. An ex vivo Approach to Assess Mitochondrial ROS by Flow Cytometry in AAV-tagged Astrocytes in Adult Mice. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3550. [PMID: 33659524 PMCID: PMC7842736 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are naturally produced signalling molecules extremely relevant for understanding both health- and disease-associated biological processes. The study of mROS in the brain is currently underway to decipher their physiopathological roles and contributions in neurological diseases. Recent advances in this field have highlighted the importance of studying mROS signalling and redox biology at the cellular level. Neurons are especially sensitive to the harmful effects of excess mROS while astrocytic mROS have been shown to play a relevant physiological role in cerebral homeostasis and behaviour. However, given the complexity of the brain, investigating mROS formation in a specific cell-type in adult animals is methodologically challenging. Here we propose an approach to specifically assess mROS abundance in astrocytes that combines i) a targeting strategy based on the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under an astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein or GFAP) promoter, along with, ii) a robust and widely extended protocol for the measurement of mROS by flow cytometry using commercial probes. The significance of this work is that it allows the selective study of astrocytic mROS abundance by means of easily accessible technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
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121
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Rodriguez C, Agulla J, Delgado-Esteban M. Refocusing the Brain: New Approaches in Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:51-63. [PMID: 32189131 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new era for neuroprotective strategies is emerging in ischemia/reperfusion. This has forced to review the studies existing to date based in neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which have undoubtedly contributed to clarify the brain endogenous mechanisms, as well as to identify possible therapeutic targets or biomarkers in stroke and other neurological diseases. The efficacy of exogenous administration of neuroprotective compounds has been shown in different studies so far. However, something must be missing to get these treatments successfully applied in the clinical environment. Here, the mechanisms involved in neuronal protection against physiological level of ROS and the main neuroprotective signaling pathways induced by excitotoxic and ischemic stimuli are reviewed. Also, the endogenous ischemic tolerance in terms of brain self-protection mechanisms against subsequent cerebral ischemia is revisited to highlight how the preconditioning has emerged as a powerful tool to understand these phenomena. A better understanding of endogenous defense against exacerbated ROS and metabolism in nervous cells will therefore aid to design pharmacological antioxidants targeted specifically against oxidative damage induced by ischemic injury, but also might be very valuable for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Delgado-Esteban
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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122
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McKee CA, Lananna BV, Musiek ES. Circadian regulation of astrocyte function: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1049-1058. [PMID: 31578625 PMCID: PMC7098845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates rhythms in gene transcription that have a profound impact on cellular function, behavior, and disease. Circadian dysfunction is a symptom of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between impaired clock function and neurodegeneration. Glial cells possess functional circadian clocks which may serve to control glial responses to daily oscillations in brain activity, cellular stress, and metabolism. Astrocytes directly support brain function through synaptic interactions, neuronal metabolic support, neuroinflammatory regulation, and control of neurovascular coupling at blood and CSF barriers. Emerging evidence suggests that the astrocyte circadian clock may be involved in many of these processes, and that clock disruption could influence neurodegeneration by disrupting several aspects of astrocyte function. Here we review the literature surrounding circadian control of astrocyte function in health and disease, and discuss the potential implications of astrocyte clocks for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia A McKee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Brian V Lananna
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
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123
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Gender-specific changes in energy metabolism and protein degradation as major pathways affected in livers of mice treated with ibuprofen. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3386. [PMID: 32099006 PMCID: PMC7042271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of prostanoid biosynthesis, is a common pharmacological agent used for the management of pain, inflammation and fever. However, the chronic use of ibuprofen at high doses is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and liver injuries. The underlying mechanisms of ibuprofen-mediated effects on liver remain unclear. To determine the mechanisms and signaling pathways affected by ibuprofen (100 mg/kg/day for seven days), we performed proteomic profiling of male mice liver with quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using ten-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. More than 300 proteins were significantly altered between the control and ibuprofen-treated groups. The data suggests that several major pathways including (1) energy metabolism, (2) protein degradation, (3) fatty acid metabolism and (4) antioxidant system are altered in livers from ibuprofen treated mice. Independent validation of protein changes in energy metabolism and the antioxidant system was carried out by Western blotting and showed sex-related differences. Proteasome and immunoproteasome activity/expression assays showed ibuprofen induced gender-specific proteasome and immunoproteasome dysfunction in liver. The study observed multifactorial gender-specific ibuprofen-mediated effects on mice liver and suggests that males and females are affected differently by ibuprofen.
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124
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Ren YZ, Zhang BZ, Zhao XJ, Zhang ZY. Resolvin D1 ameliorates cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury via protecting astrocytic mitochondria. J Neurochem 2020; 154:530-546. [PMID: 31951012 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and devastating neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and hippocampal neuronal survival plays a causal role in this pathological process. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an important endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediator, has recently been reported to exert a potent protective effect on mitochondria. This suggests that RvD1 may suppress neuroinflammation and protect astrocytic mitochondria at the same time to play further neuroprotective roles. C57BL/6 mice subjected to TBI using a controlled cortical impact device were used for in vivo experiments. Cultured primary mouse astrocytes and an N2a mouse neuroblastoma cell line were used for in vitro experiments. In TBI mice, RvD1 significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment, suppressed gliosis and alleviated neuronal loss in the hippocampus. To explore the mechanism underlying this activity, we verified that RvD1 can induce a higher level of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria and eliminate extra mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) by activating ALX4/FPR2 receptors in astrocytes. In an in vitro model, we further confirmed that RvD1 can protect mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in astrocytes and thereby enhance the survival of neurons. Meanwhile, RvD1 was also shown to increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutamate aspartate transporter in the hippocampus following TBI, which indicates a possible way by which RvD1 increases the supportive function of astrocytes. These findings suggest that RvD1 may be a potent therapeutic option for ameliorating cognitive impairment following TBI by controlling neuroinflammation and protecting astrocytic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Ren
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of the Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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125
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Intertwined ROS and Metabolic Signaling at the Neuron-Astrocyte Interface. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:23-33. [PMID: 31989468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and redox signalling share critical nodes in the nervous system. In the last years, a series of major findings have challenged the current vision on how neural reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced and handled in the nervous system. Once regarded as deleterious by-products, ROS are now shown to be essential for a metabolic and redox crosstalk. In turn, this coupling defines neural viability and function to control behaviour or leading to neurodegeneration when compromised. Findings like a different assembly of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes in neurons and astrocytes stands behind a divergent production of ROS in either cell type, more prominent in astrocytes. ROS levels are however tightly controlled by an antioxidant machinery in astrocytes, assumed as more efficient than that of neurons, to regulate redox signalling. By exerting this control in ROS abundance, metabolic functions are finely tuned in both neural cells. Further, a higher engagement of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative function in neurons, underpinned by redox equivalents supplied from the pentose phosphate pathway and from glia, differs from the otherwise strong glycolytic capacity of astrocytes. Here, we recapitulate major findings on how ROS and metabolism differ between neural cells but merge to define reciprocal signalling pathways, ultimately defining neural function and fate.
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126
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Bandookwala M, Sengupta P. 3-Nitrotyrosine: a versatile oxidative stress biomarker for major neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1047-1062. [PMID: 31914343 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1713776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are generated as a by-product of routine biochemical reactions. However, dysfunction of the antioxidant system or mutations in gene function may result in the elevated production of the pro-oxidant species. Modified endogenous molecules due to chemical interactions with increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the cellular microenvironment can be termed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. 3-Nitrotyrosine is one such promising biomarker of oxidative stress formed due to nitration of protein-bound and free tyrosine residues by reactive peroxynitrite molecules. Nitration of proteins at the subcellular level results in conformational alterations that damage the cytoskeleton and result in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative/nitrosative processes as a contributing factor for progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease and Prion disease. The selective tyrosine protein nitration of the major marker proteins in related pathologies has been discussed. The alteration in 3-Nitrotyrosine profile occurs well before any symptoms appear and can be considered as a potential target for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the reduction in 3-Nitrotyrosine levels in response to treatment with neuroprotective has been highlighted which is indicative of the importance of this particular marker in oxidative stress-related brain and central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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127
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Qi G, Mi Y, Yin F. Cellular Specificity and Inter-cellular Coordination in the Brain Bioenergetic System: Implications for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1531. [PMID: 31969828 PMCID: PMC6960098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an organ with a highly heterogenous cellular composition, the brain has a bioenergetic system that is more complex than peripheral tissues. Such complexities are not only due to the diverse bioenergetic phenotypes of a variety of cell types that differentially contribute to the metabolic profile of the brain, but also originate from the bidirectional metabolic communications and coupling across cell types. While brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial function have been extensively investigated in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, the role of various cell types and their inter-cellular communications in regulating brain metabolic and synaptic functions remains elusive. In this review, we summarize recent advances in differentiating bioenergetic phenotypes of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the context of their functional specificity, and their metabolic shifts upon aging and pathological conditions. Moreover, the metabolic coordination between the two most abundant cell populations in brain, neurons and astrocytes, is discussed regarding how they jointly establish a dynamic and responsive system to maintain brain bioenergetic homeostasis and to combat against threats such as oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and neuroinflammation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which brain cells with distinctive bioenergetic phenotypes individually and collectively shape the bioenergetic system of the brain will provide rationale for spatiotemporally precise interventions to sustain a metabolic equilibrium that is resilient against synaptic dysfunction in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yashi Mi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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128
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Tu D, Gao Y, Yang R, Guan T, Hong JS, Gao HM. The pentose phosphate pathway regulates chronic neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:255. [PMID: 31805953 PMCID: PMC6896486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation are increasingly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis) converts glucose-6-phosphate into pentoses and generates ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH thereby governing anabolic biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Brains and immune cells display high activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. A postmortem study reveals dysregulation of G6PD enzyme in brains of PD patients. However, spatial and temporal changes in activity/expression of G6PD in PD remain undetermined. More importantly, it is unclear how dysfunction of G6PD and the PPP affects neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS We examined expression/activity of G6PD and its association with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in multiple chronic PD models generated by an intranigral/intraperitoneal injection of LPS, daily subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 days, or transgenic expression of A53T α-synuclein. Primary microglia were transfected with G6PD siRNAs and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine effects of G6PD knockdown on microglial activation and death of co-cultured neurons. LPS alone or with G6PD inhibitor(s) was administrated to mouse substantia nigra or midbrain neuron-glia cultures. While histological and biochemical analyses were conducted to examine microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo, rotarod behavior test was performed to evaluate locomotor impairment in mice. RESULTS Expression and activity of G6PD were elevated in LPS-treated midbrain neuron-glia cultures (an in vitro PD model) and the substantia nigra of four in vivo PD models. Such elevation was positively associated with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD by 6-aminonicotinamide and dehydroepiandrosterone and knockdown of microglial G6PD attenuated LPS-elicited chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, microglia with elevated G6PD activity/expression produced excessive NADPH and provided abundant substrate to over-activated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) leading to production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown and inhibition of G6PD ameliorated LPS-triggered production of ROS and activation of NF-кB thereby dampening microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that G6PD-mediated PPP dysfunction and neuroinflammation exacerbated each other mediating chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor impairment. Insight into metabolic-inflammatory interface suggests that G6PD and NOX2 are potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ru Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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129
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Wyse AT, Siebert C, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos TM, Quincozes-Santos A. Changes in Inflammatory Response, Redox Status and Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Primary Astrocyte Cultures from Female Wistar Rats Subject to Ovariectomy. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:445-454. [PMID: 31773642 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are dynamic glial cells that maintain brain homeostasis, particularly metabolic functions, inflammatory response, and antioxidant defense. Since menopause may be associated with brain dysfunction, in the present study, we evaluated anti- and proinflammatory cytokine release in cortical and hippocampal astrocyte cultures obtained from adult female Wistar rats subjected to ovariectomy, a known experimental model of menopause. We also tested some parameters of metabolic functionality (Na+, K+-ATPase activity) and cellular redox status, such as antioxidant enzyme defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in this experimental model. Female adult Wistar rats (180 days-age) were assigned to one of the following groups: sham (submitted to surgery without removal of the ovaries) and ovariectomy (submitted to surgery to removal of the ovaries). Thirty days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, we prepared astrocyte cultures from control and ovariectomy surgery animals. Ovariectomized rats presented an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukins 1β, 6, and 18) and a decrease in interleukin 10 release, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in cortical and hippocampal astrocytes, when compared to those obtained from sham group (control). In addition, Na+,K+-ATPase activity decreased in hippocampal astrocytes, but not in cortical astrocyte cultures. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes did not alter in cortical astrocyte cultures, but increased in hippocampal astrocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that ovariectomy is able to induce an inflammatory response in vivo, which could be detected in in vitro astrocytes after approximately 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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130
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Lynch MA. Can the emerging field of immunometabolism provide insights into neuroinflammation? Prog Neurobiol 2019; 184:101719. [PMID: 31704314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years it has become increasingly clear that an understanding of the interaction between metabolism and immune function can provide an insight into cellular responses to challenges. Significant progress has been made in terms of how macrophages are metabolically re-programmed in response to inflammatory stimuli but, to date, little emphasis has been placed on evaluating equivalent changes in microglia. The need to make progress is driven by the fact that, while microglial activation and the cell's ability to adopt an inflammatory phenotype is necessary to fulfil the neuroprotective function of the cell, persistent activation of microglia and the associated neuroinflammation is at the heart of several neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the metabolic changes that accompany microglial responses may broaden our perspective on how dysfunction might arise and be tempered. This review will evaluate the current literature that addresses the interplay between inflammation and metabolic reprogramming in microglia, reflecting on the parallels that exist with macrophages. It will consider the changes that take place with age including those that have been reported in neurons and astrocytes with the development of non-invasive imaging techniques, and reflect on the literature that is currently available relating to metabolic reprogramming of microglia with age and in neurodegeneration. Finally it will consider the possibility that manipulating microglial metabolism may provide a valuable approach to modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Lynch
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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131
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McAvoy K, Kawamata H. Glial mitochondrial function and dysfunction in health and neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103417. [PMID: 31678567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential metabolic roles in neural cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction has profound effects on the brain. In primary mitochondrial diseases, mutations that impair specific oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins or OXPHOS assembly factors lead to isolated biochemical defects and a heterogeneous group of clinical phenotypes, including mitochondrial encephalopathies. A broader defect of OXPHOS function, due to mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance, mitochondrial biogenesis, or mitochondrial tRNAs can also underlie severe mitochondrial encephalopathies. While primary mitochondrial dysfunction causes rare genetic forms of neurological disorders, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of some of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Many studies have investigated mitochondrial function and dysfunction in bulk central nervous system (CNS) tissue. However, the interpretation of these studies has been often complicated by the extreme cellular heterogeneity of the CNS, which includes many different types of neurons and glial cells. Because neurons are especially dependent on OXPHOS for ATP generation, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be directly involved in cell autonomous neuronal demise. Despite being metabolically more flexible than neurons, glial mitochondria also play an essential role in the function of the CNS, and have adapted specific metabolic and mitochondrial features to support their diversity of functions. This review analyzes our current understanding and the gaps in knowledge of mitochondrial properties of glia and how they affect neuronal functions, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McAvoy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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132
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Tauffenberger A, Fiumelli H, Almustafa S, Magistretti PJ. Lactate and pyruvate promote oxidative stress resistance through hormetic ROS signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:653. [PMID: 31506428 PMCID: PMC6737085 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-lactate was long considered a glycolytic by-product but is now being recognized as a signaling molecule involved in cell survival. In this manuscript, we report the role of L-lactate in stress resistance and cell survival mechanisms using neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) as well as the C. elegans model. We observed that L-lactate promotes cellular defense mechanisms, including Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), by promoting a mild Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst. This increase in ROS triggers antioxidant defenses and pro-survival pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) chaperones. These results contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in beneficial effects of L-lactate, involving mild ROS burst, leading to activation of unfolded protein responses and detoxification mechanisms. We present evidence that this hormetic mechanism induced by L-lactate protects against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. This work contributes to the identification of molecular mechanisms, which could serve as targets for future therapeutic approaches for cell protection and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tauffenberger
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Almustafa
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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133
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Dohrn MF, Bolaños JP. Does APC/C CDH1 control the human brain size?: An Editorial Highlight for 'A novel human Cdh1 mutation impairs anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity resulting in microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy' on page 103. J Neurochem 2019; 151:8-10. [PMID: 31441503 PMCID: PMC6851737 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This editorial highlights a study by Rodriguez, Sanchez-Moran et al. (2019) in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors describe a microcephalic boy carrying the novel heterozygous de novo missense mutation c.560A> G; p.Asp187Gly in Cdh1/Fzr1 encoding the APC/C E3-ubiquitin ligase cofactor CDH1. A functional characterization of mutant APC/CCDH1 confirms an aberrant division of neural progenitor cells, a condition known to determine the mouse brain cortex size. These data suggest that APC/CCDH1 may contribute to the regulation of the human brain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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134
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Kim Y, Vadodaria KC, Lenkei Z, Kato T, Gage FH, Marchetto MC, Santos R. Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:275-317. [PMID: 30585734 PMCID: PMC6602118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing psychiatric disorders is modest, but genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are central to the etiology of these conditions. Autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder show genetic gene risk overlap and share symptoms and metabolic comorbidities. The identification of such common features may provide insights into the development of these disorders. Recent Advances: Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions and redox balance are impaired to various degrees in psychiatric disorders. Since mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling can integrate genetic and environmental environmental factors affecting the brain, it is possible that they are implicated in the etiology and progression of psychiatric disorders. Critical Issue: Evidence for direct links between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and disease features are missing. Future Directions: A better understanding of the mitochondrial biology and its intracellular connections to the nuclear genome, the endoplasmic reticulum and signaling pathways, as well as its role in intercellular communication in the organism, is still needed. This review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, the resultant metabolic changes and oxidative stress as important etiological factors in the context of psychiatric disorders. We also propose a model where specific pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders depend on circuit-specific impairments of mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling at specific developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna C. Vadodaria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria C. Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
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135
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Baker D, Pryce G, Amor S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K. Learning from other autoimmunities to understand targeting of B cells to control multiple sclerosis. Brain 2019; 141:2834-2847. [PMID: 30212896 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many suspected autoimmune diseases are thought to be T cell-mediated, the response to therapy indicates that depletion of B cells consistently inhibits disease activity. In multiple sclerosis, it appears that disease suppression is associated with the long-term reduction of memory B cells, which serves as a biomarker for disease activity in many other CD20+ B cell depletion-sensitive, autoimmune diseases. Following B cell depletion, the rapid repopulation by transitional (immature) and naïve (mature) B cells from the bone marrow masks the marked depletion and slow repopulation of lymphoid tissue-derived, memory B cells. This can provide long-term protection from a short treatment cycle. It seems that memory B cells, possibly via T cell stimulation, drive relapsing disease. However, their sequestration in ectopic follicles and the chronic activity of B cells and plasma cells in the central nervous system may drive progressive neurodegeneration directly via antigen-specific mechanisms or indirectly via glial-dependent mechanisms. While unproven, Epstein-Barr virus may be an aetiological trigger of multiple sclerosis. This infects mature B cells, drives the production of memory B cells and possibly provides co-stimulatory signals promoting T cell-independent activation that breaks immune tolerance to generate autoreactivity. Thus, a memory B cell centric mechanism can integrate: potential aetiology, genetics, pathology and response to therapy in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions with ectopic B cell activation that are responsive to memory B cell-depleting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gareth Pryce
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sandra Amor
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Pathology Department, Free University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Klaus Schmierer
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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136
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Tang BL. Neuroprotection by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the pentose phosphate pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14285-14295. [PMID: 31127649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate limiting enzyme that channels glucose catabolism from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is vital for the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in cells. NADPH is in turn a substrate for glutathione reductase, which reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide to sulfhydryl glutathione. Best known for inherited deficiencies underlying acute hemolytic anemia due to elevated oxidative stress by food or medication, G6PD, and PPP activation have been associated with neuroprotection. Recent works have now provided more definitive evidence for G6PD's protective role in ischemic brain injury and strengthened its links to neurodegeneration. In Drosophila models, improved proteostasis and lifespan extension result from an increased PPP flux due to G6PD induction, which is phenocopied by transgenic overexpression of G6PD in neurons. Moderate transgenic expression of G6PD was also shown to improve healthspan in mouse. Here, the deciphered and implicated roles of G6PD and PPP in protection against brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and in healthspan/lifespan extensions are discussed together with an important caveat, namely NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and the oxidative stress generated by the latter. Activation of G6PD with selective inhibition of NOX activity could be a viable neuroprotective strategy for brain injury, disease, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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137
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Mothet JP, Billard JM, Pollegioni L, Coyle JT, Sweedler JV. Investigating brain d-serine: Advocacy for good practices. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13257. [PMID: 30650253 PMCID: PMC6462235 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed remarkable advance in our understanding the role of d-amino acids in the mammalian nervous system: from the unknown, to known molecules with unknown functions, to potential central players in health and disease. d-Amino acids have emerged as an important class of signaling molecules. In particular, the exploration of the roles of d-serine in brain physiopathology is a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace. However, disentangling the functions of a chiral molecule in a complex chemical matrice as the brain requires specific measurement and detection methods but is also a challenging task as many molecular tools and models investigators are using can lead to confounded observations. Thus, study of d-amino acids demands accurate methodologies and specific controls, and these have often been lacking. Here we outline best practices for d-amino acid research, with a special emphasis on d-serine. We hope these concepts help move the field to greater rigor and reproducibility, allowing the field to advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Team Gliotransmission & Synaptopathies, Aix Marseille University, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille UMR7286 CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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138
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Juaristi I, Contreras L, González-Sánchez P, Pérez-Liébana I, González-Moreno L, Pardo B, Del Arco A, Satrústegui J. The Response to Stimulation in Neurons and Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2385-2391. [PMID: 31016552 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain uses mainly glucose as fuel with an index of glucose to oxygen utilization close to 6, the maximal index if all glucose was completely oxidized. However, this high oxidative index, contrasts with the metabolic traits of the major cell types in the brain studied in culture, neurons and astrocytes, including the selective use of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) in neurons and the glycerol-phosphate shuttle in astrocytes. Metabolic interactions among these cell types may partly explain the high oxidative index of the brain. In vivo, neuronal activation results in a decrease in the oxygen glucose index, which has been attributed to a stimulation of glycolysis and lactate production in astrocytes in response to glutamate uptake (astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, ANLS). Recent findings indicate that this is accompanied with a stimulation of pyruvate formation and astrocyte respiration, indicating that lactate formation is not the only astrocytic response to neuronal activation. ANLS proposes that neurons utilize lactate produced by neighboring astrocytes. Indeed, neurons can use lactate to support an increase in respiration with different workloads, and this depends on the Ca2+ activation of MAS. However, whether this activation operates in the brain, particularly at high stimulation conditions, remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Pérez-Liébana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis González-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
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139
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Dong W, Sun Y, Cheng H, Yang B, Wang L, Jiang Z, Li B, Wen S, Guo X, Guan D, Zhao R. Dynamic cell type-specific expression of Nrf2 after traumatic brain injury in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1981-1993. [PMID: 30828870 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in antioxidant response and anti-inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its deletion aggravates TBI-induced brain damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is activated post TBI, but dynamic changes in expression and cell type-specific characteristics remain unclear. In this study, the Feeney weight-drop contusion model was conducted to mimic TBI, and the ipsilateral cerebral cortex was collected at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post TBI (dpi). Nrf2 protein levels were observed by western blot. Cell type-specific localization of Nrf2 after TBI was detected at different time intervals by double immunofluorescence staining. NeuN, GFAP, IBA1 and NG2 were used as cell type-specific markers to neurons, astrocytes, microglia and NG2 glia, respectively. After TBI, Nrf2 protein levels peaked at 1 dpi. Robust transient Nrf2 accumulation was co-localized with neurons, which was predominant at 1 dpi. Continuous weak Nrf2 expression was detected in activated astrocytes, and the number of double positive cells peaked at 7 dpi. Inducible widespread immunostaining of Nrf2 was observed in the nucleus of the microglia, and the number of Nrf2+ microglia peaked at 7 dpi. In addition, we also explored colocalization of Nrf2 in NG2 glia, in which the percentage of Nrf2+ in NG2 glia reached a climax at 3 dpi. This study reveals that the accumulation of endogenous Nrf2 might mediate different pathophysical roles in neurons and glias after TBI, the cell-type specific and time-dependent expression provide insights to explain the roles of Nrf2 in different neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dong
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingfu Sun
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenfei Jiang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuheng Wen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangshen Guo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
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140
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Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Wells G, Hayes JD, Cousin SP, Rumsey WL, Attucks OC, Franklin S, Levonen AL, Kensler TW, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:295-317. [PMID: 30610225 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are critical in the maintenance of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation. Thus, NRF2 activation provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies including chronic diseases of the lung and liver; autoimmune, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; and cancer initiation. One NRF2 activator has received clinical approval and several electrophilic modifiers of the cysteine-based sensor KEAP1 and inhibitors of its interaction with NRF2 are now in clinical development. However, challenges regarding target specificity, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy and safety remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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141
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Wu CW, Hung CY, Hirase H, Tain YL, Lee WC, Chan JYH, Fu MH, Chen LW, Liu WC, Liang CK, Ho YH, Kung YC, Leu S, Wu KLH. Pioglitazone reversed the fructose-programmed astrocytic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of female rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E622-E634. [PMID: 30668149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been reported to cause metabolic disorders in the offspring. Whether the infant's brain metabolism is disturbed by maternal HFD is largely unknown. Brain energy metabolism is elevated dramatically during fetal and postnatal development, whereby maternal nutrition is a key factor that determines cellular metabolism. Astrocytes, a nonneuronal cell type in the brain, are considered to support the high-energy demands of neurons by supplying lactate. In this study, the effects of maternal HFD on astrocytic glucose metabolism were investigated using hippocampal primary cultures of female infants. We found that glycolytic capacity and mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain were suppressed by maternal HFD. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression were suppressed by maternal HFD. Western blots and immunofluorescent images further indicated that the glucose transporter 1 was downregulated whereas the insulin receptor-α, phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1 (Y612) and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase were upregulated in the HFD group. Pioglitazone, which is known to increase astrocytic glucose metabolism, effectively reversed the suppressed glycolysis, and lactate release was restored. Moreover, pioglitazone also normalized oxidative phosphorylation with an increase of cytosolic ATP. Together, these results suggest that maternal HFD impairs astrocytic energy metabolic pathways that were reversed by pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Wako, Saitama , Japan
- Saitama University Brain Science Institute , Saitama , Japan
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chung Liu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hao Ho
- Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu Chih Kung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Steve Leu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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142
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Huang C, Wu J, Chen D, Jin J, Wu Y, Chen Z. Effects of sulforaphane in the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:153-168. [PMID: 30858063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an active component extracted from vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli. Activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling is a common mechanism for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of some herb-derived compounds, such as icariin and berberine. However, due to its peculiar ability in Nrf2 activation, SFN is recognized as an activator of Nrf2 and recommended as a supplementation for prevention and/or treatment of disorders like neoplasm and heart failure. In the central nervous system (CNS), the prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects of SFN have been revealed in recent years. For example, it has been reported to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders via promotion of neurogenesis or inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. SFN is also implicated in reversing cognition, learning, and memory impairment in rodents induced by scopolamine, lipopolysaccharide, okadaic acid, and diabetes. In models of neurotoxicity, SFN has been shown to suppress neurotoxicity induced by a wide range of toxic factors, such as hydrogen peroxide, prion protein, hyperammonemia, and methamphetamine. To date, no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of SFN in the CNS has been presented in the literature. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of SFN as well as their possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the CNS, aiming to get a further insight into how SFN affects the pathophysiological process of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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143
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Arend C, Ehrke E, Dringen R. Consequences of a Metabolic Glucose-Depletion on the Survival and the Metabolism of Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2288-2300. [PMID: 30788754 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain astrocytes are considered to be highly glycolytic, but these cells also produce ATP via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. To investigate how a metabolic depletion of glucose will affect the metabolism of astrocytes, we applied glucose at an initial concentration of 2 mM to cultured primary astrocytes and monitored the cell viability and various metabolic parameters during an incubation for up to 2 weeks. Already within 2 days of incubation the cells had completely consumed the applied glucose and lactate had accumulated in the medium to a concentration of around 3 mM. During the subsequent 10 days of incubation, the cell viability was not compromised while the extracellular lactate concentration declined to values of around 0.2 mM, before the cell viability was compromised. Application of known inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism strongly accelerated glucose consumption and initial lactate production, while the lactate consumption was completely (antimycin A or 8-hydroxy efavirenz) and partially (efavirenz, metformin or tyrphostin 23) inhibited which caused rapid and delayed cell toxicity, respectively. The switch from glycolytic glucose metabolism to mitochondrial metabolism during the incubation was neither accompanied by alterations in the specific cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase activity or in the WST1 reduction capacity nor in the mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, but a cellular redistribution of mitochondria from a perinuclear to a more spread cytoplasmic localization was observed during the lactate consumption phase. These results demonstrate that cultured astrocytes survive a metabolism-induced glucose depletion very well by consuming lactate as fuel for mitochondrial ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Arend
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany. .,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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144
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Abstract
Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions, including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and structural components. Neuronal glucose oxidation exceeds that in astrocytes, but both rates increase in direct proportion to excitatory neurotransmission; signaling and metabolism are closely coupled at the local level. Exact details of neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycling remain to be established, and the specific roles of glucose and lactate in the cellular energetics of these processes are debated. Glycolysis is preferentially upregulated during brain activation even though oxygen availability is sufficient (aerobic glycolysis). Three major pathways, glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, and glycogen turnover, contribute to utilization of glucose in excess of oxygen, and adrenergic regulation of aerobic glycolysis draws attention to astrocytic metabolism, particularly glycogen turnover, which has a high impact on the oxygen-carbohydrate mismatch. Aerobic glycolysis is proposed to be predominant in young children and specific brain regions, but re-evaluation of data is necessary. Shuttling of glucose- and glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons during activation, neurotransmission, and memory consolidation are controversial topics for which alternative mechanisms are proposed. Nutritional therapy and vagus nerve stimulation are translational bridges from metabolism to clinical treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas ; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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145
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bonora N, Bobo-Jimenez V, Jimenez-Blasco D, Lopez-Fabuel I, Fernandez E, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Enriquez JA, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Astrocytic mitochondrial ROS modulate brain metabolism and mouse behaviour. Nat Metab 2019; 1:201-211. [PMID: 32694785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To satisfy its high energetic demand1, the brain depends on the metabolic cooperation of various cell types2-4. For example, astrocytic-derived lactate sustains memory consolidation5 by serving both as an oxidizable energetic substrate for neurons6 and as a signalling molecule7,8. Astrocytes and neurons also differ in the regulation of glycolytic enzymes9 and in the organization of their mitochondrial respiratory chain10. Unlike neurons, astrocytes rely on glycolysis for energy generation9 and, as a consequence, have a loosely assembled mitochondrial respiratory chain that is associated with a higher generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)10. However, whether this abundant natural source of mitochondrial ROS in astrocytes fulfils a specific physiological role is unknown. Here we show that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS are physiological regulators of brain metabolism and neuronal function. We generated mice that inducibly overexpress mitochondrial-tagged catalase in astrocytes and show that this overexpression decreases mitochondrial ROS production in these cells during adulthood. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioural analysis of these mice revealed alterations in brain redox, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways associated with altered neuronal function and mouse behaviour. We found that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS regulate glucose utilization via the pentose-phosphate pathway and glutathione metabolism, which modulates the redox status and potentially the survival of neurons. Our data provide further molecular insight into the metabolic cooperation between astrocytes and neurons and demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS are important regulators of organismal physiology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicoló Bonora
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Veronica Bobo-Jimenez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlene Josephine
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jose A Enriquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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146
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Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L, Bobermin LD, Zanotto C, Vizuete A, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DO, Leite MC. Glycolysis-Derived Compounds From Astrocytes That Modulate Synaptic Communication. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1035. [PMID: 30728759 PMCID: PMC6351787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the concept of the tripartite synapse, we have reviewed the role of glucose-derived compounds in glycolytic pathways in astroglial cells. Glucose provides energy and substrate replenishment for brain activity, such as glutamate and lipid synthesis. In addition, glucose metabolism in the astroglial cytoplasm results in products such as lactate, methylglyoxal, and glutathione, which modulate receptors and channels in neurons. Glucose has four potential destinations in neural cells, and it is possible to propose a crossroads in “X” that can be used to describe these four destinations. Glucose-6P can be used either for glycogen synthesis or the pentose phosphate pathway on the left and right arms of the X, respectively. Fructose-6P continues through the glycolysis pathway until pyruvate is formed but can also act as the initial compound in the hexosamine pathway, representing the left and right legs of the X, respectively. We describe each glucose destination and its regulation, indicating the products of these pathways and how they can affect synaptic communication. Extracellular L-lactate, either generated from glucose or from glycogen, binds to HCAR1, a specific receptor that is abundantly localized in perivascular and post-synaptic membranes and regulates synaptic plasticity. Methylglyoxal, a product of a deviation of glycolysis, and its derivative D-lactate are also released by astrocytes and bind to GABAA receptors and HCAR1, respectively. Glutathione, in addition to its antioxidant role, also binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors in the synaptic cleft. Finally, we examined the hexosamine pathway and evaluated the effect of GlcNAc-modification on key proteins that regulate the other glucose destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Vizuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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147
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Juaristi I, Llorente-Folch I, Satrústegui J, Del Arco A. Extracellular ATP and glutamate drive pyruvate production and energy demand to regulate mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes. Glia 2019; 67:759-774. [PMID: 30623988 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to energetic demands by upregulating glycolysis, lactate production, and respiration. This study addresses the role of respiration and calcium regulation of respiration as part of the astrocyte response to the workloads caused by extracellular ATP and glutamate. Extracellular ATP (100 μM to 1 mM) causes a Ca2+ -dependent workload and fall of the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio which acutely increases astrocytes respiration. Part of this increase is related to a Ca2+ -dependent upregulation of cytosolic pyruvate production. Conversely, glutamate (200 μM) causes a Na+ , but not Ca2+ , dependent workload even though glutamate-induced Ca2+ signals readily reach mitochondria. The glutamate workload triggers a rapid fall in the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio and stimulation of respiration. These effects are mimicked by D-aspartate a nonmetabolized agonist of the glutamate transporter, but not by a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, indicating a major role of Na+ -dependent workload in stimulated respiration. Glutamate-induced increase in respiration is linked to a rapid increase in glycolytic pyruvate production, suggesting that both glutamate and extracellular ATP cause an increase in astrocyte respiration fueled by workload-induced increase in pyruvate production. However, glutamate-induced pyruvate production is partly resistant to glycolysis blockers (iodoacetate), indicating that oxidative consumption of glutamate also contributes to stimulated respiration. As stimulation of respiration by ATP and glutamate are similar and pyruvate production smaller in the first case, the results suggest that the response to extracellular ATP is a Ca2+ -dependent upregulation of respiration added to glycolysis upregulation. The global contribution of astrocyte respiratory responses to brain oxygen consumption is an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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148
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Kuter KZ, Olech Ł, Dencher NA. Increased energetic demand supported by mitochondrial electron transfer chain and astrocyte assistance is essential to maintain the compensatory ability of the dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of early Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrion 2018; 47:227-237. [PMID: 30578987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), induces locomotor disability in animals but with time it is spontaneously compensated for by neurons surviving in the tissue by increasing their functional efficiency. Such compensation probably increases energy requirements and astrocyte support could be essential for this ability. We studied the effect of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by the selective toxin 6-hydroxydopamine and/or death of 30% of astrocytes induced by chronic infusion of the glial toxin fluorocitrate on functioning of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes (Cxs) I, II, IV and their higher assembled forms, supercomplexes in the rat SN. Astrocyte death decreased Cx I and IV performance, while significantly increased the amount of Cx II protein SDHA, indicating system adaptation. After death of 50% of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, we observed increased mitochondrial Cxs performing, especially Cx I and IV in the remaining cells. It corresponded with reduction of behavioural deficits. Those results support the hypothesis that the compensatory ability of surviving neurons requires meeting their higher energetic demand by ETC. When astrocytes were defective, the neurons remaining after partial lesion were not able to enhance their functioning anymore and compensate for deficits. It proves in vivo that astrocytic support is important for compensatory potential of neurons in the SN. Neuro-glia cooperation is fundamental for compensation for early deficits in the nigrostriatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Z Kuter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Department of Chemistry, Physical Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Łukasz Olech
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Norbert A Dencher
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Ageing and Age-related Neurodegenerative Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology MIPT, Dolgoprudny/Moscow, Russia
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149
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Kuter K, Olech Ł, Głowacka U, Paleczna M. Astrocyte support is important for the compensatory potential of the nigrostriatal system neurons during early neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2018; 148:63-79. [PMID: 30295916 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glial pathology precedes symptoms of Parkinson's disease and multiple other neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonged impairment of astrocytic functions could increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), accelerate their degeneration and affect ability to compensate for partial degeneration at the presymptomatic stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the astrocyte depletion in the SN, its impact on the dopaminergic system functioning and multiple markers of energy metabolism during the early stages of neurodegeneration and compensation. We induced death of 30% of astrocytes by chronic infusion of fluorocitrate (FC) into the SN, simultaneously activating microglia response but sparing the dopaminergic neurons. The FC effect was reversible after toxin withdrawal. Dopaminergic neurons were killed by 6-hydroxydopamine causing transient locomotor disability, reversed with time showing compensatory potential. Death of astrocytes diminished the capability of the dopaminergic system to compensate for the degeneration of neurons and caused a local energy deprivation by decreasing lactate and glycogen amount. Studied markers suggest a shift in the usage of energy substrates, via increased glycogenolysis and glycolysis markers, ketone bodies availability and fatty acid transport in remaining cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1alpha) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the energy sensors, showed different regulation between the cell-types. Increased neuronal expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c could play a role in the adaptation to metabolic stress in response to glia dysfunction. Astrocyte energetic support is one of the essential factors for neuronal compensatory mechanisms of dopaminergic system and might have a leading role in the presymptomatic Parkinson's disease stages. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Olech
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Głowacka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Paleczna
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Lerchundi R, Kafitz KW, Winkler U, Färfers M, Hirrlinger J, Rose CR. FRET-based imaging of intracellular ATP in organotypic brain slices. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:933-945. [PMID: 30506574 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Active neurons require a substantial amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to re-establish ion gradients degraded by ion flux across their plasma membranes. Despite this fact, neurons, in contrast to astrocytes, do not contain any significant stores of energy substrates. Recent work has provided evidence for a neuro-metabolic coupling between both cell types, in which increased glycolysis and lactate production in astrocytes support neuronal metabolism. Here, we established the cell type-specific expression of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based nanosensor ATeam1.03YEMK ("Ateam") for dynamic measurement of changes in intracellular ATP levels in organotypic brain tissue slices. To this end, adeno-associated viral vectors coding for Ateam, driven by either the synapsin- or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter were employed for specific transduction of neurons or astrocytes, respectively. Chemical ischemia, induced by perfusion of tissue slices with metabolic inhibitors of cellular glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, resulted in a rapid decrease in the cellular Ateam signal to a new, low level, indicating nominal depletion of intracellular ATP. Increasing the extracellular potassium concentration to 8 mM, thereby mimicking the release of potassium from active neurons, did not alter ATP levels in neurons. It, however, caused in an increase in ATP levels in astrocytes, a result which was confirmed in acutely isolated tissue slices. In summary, our results demonstrate that organotypic cultured slices are a reliable tool for FRET-based dynamic imaging of ATP in neurons and astrocytes. They moreover provide evidence for an increased ATP synthesis in astrocytes, but not neurons, during periods of elevated extracellular potassium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lerchundi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl W Kafitz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Färfers
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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