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Chen Q, Baran TM, Rooks B, O'Banion MK, Mapstone M, Zhang Z, Lin F. Cognitively supernormal older adults maintain a unique structural connectome that is resistant to Alzheimer's pathology. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102413. [PMID: 32971466 PMCID: PMC7511768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studying older adults with excellent cognitive capacities (Supernormals) provides a unique opportunity for identifying factors related to cognitive success - a critical topic across lifespan. There is a limited understanding of Supernormals' neural substrates, especially whether any of them attends shaping and supporting superior cognitive function or confer resistance to age-related neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, applying a state-of-the-art diffusion imaging processing pipeline and finite mixture modelling, we longitudinally examine the structural connectome of Supernormals. We find a unique structural connectome, containing the connections between frontal, cingulate, parietal, temporal, and subcortical regions in the same hemisphere that remains stable over time in Supernormals, relatively to typical agers. The connectome significantly classifies positive vs. negative AD pathology at 72% accuracy in a new sample mixing Supernormals, typical agers, and AD risk [amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI)] subjects. Among this connectome, the mean diffusivity of the connection between right isthmus cingulate cortex and right precuneus most robustly contributes to predicting AD pathology across samples. The mean diffusivity of this connection links negatively to global cognition in those Supernormals with positive AD pathology. But this relationship does not exist in typical agers or aMCI. Our data suggest the presence of a structural connectome supporting cognitive success. Cingulate to precuneus white matter integrity may be useful as a structural marker for monitoring neurodegeneration and may provide critical information for understanding how some older adults maintain or excel cognitively in light of significant AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States.
| | - Timothy M Baran
- Department of Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Brian Rooks
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, United States
| | - Zhengwu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, United States.
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102
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Chen Q, Yang H, Rooks B, Anthony M, Zhang Z, Tadin D, Heffner KL, Lin FV. Autonomic flexibility reflects learning and associated neuroplasticity in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3608-3619. [PMID: 32510759 PMCID: PMC7416041 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective learning in old age, particularly in those at risk for dementia, is essential for prolonging independent living. Individual variability in learning, however, is remarkable; that is, months of cognitive training to improve learning may be beneficial for some individuals but not others. So far, little is known about which neurophysiological mechanisms account for the observed variability in learning induced by cognitive training in older adults. By combining Lövdén et al.'s (2010, A theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 659-676) framework proposing the role of adaptation capacity in neuroplasticity and a neurovisceral integration model of the relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) and brain with a novel shapelet analytical approach that allows for accurate and interpretable analysis of time series data, we discovered an acute, ECG-derived ANS segment in response to cognitive training tasks at baseline that predicted learning outcomes from a 6-week cognitive training intervention. The relationship between the ANS segment and learning was robust in both cross-participant and cross-task analyses among a group of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the revealed ANS shapelet significantly predicted training-induced neuroplasticity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and select frontal regions during task fMRI. Across outcome measures, individuals were less likely to prospectively benefit from the cognitive training if their ECG data were more similar to this particular ANS segment at baseline. Our findings are among the first empirical evidence to confirm that adaptation capacity, indexed by ANS flexibility, predicts individual differences in learning and associated neuroplasticity beyond individual characteristics (e.g., age, education, neurodegeneration, total training).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Haichuan Yang
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian Rooks
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Mia Anthony
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhengwu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Duje Tadin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathi L. Heffner
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Feng V. Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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103
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Said Hassane C, Fouillaud M, Le Goff G, Sklirou AD, Boyer JB, Trougakos IP, Jerabek M, Bignon J, de Voogd NJ, Ouazzani J, Gauvin-Bialecki A, Dufossé L. Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia: A Reservoir of Bioactive Molecules to Slow Down the Aging Process. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1262. [PMID: 32825344 PMCID: PMC7570120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging research aims at developing therapies that delay normal aging processes and some related pathologies. Recently, many compounds and extracts from natural products have been shown to slow aging and/or extend lifespan. Marine sponges and their associated microorganisms have been found to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites; however, those from the Southwest of the Indian Ocean are much less studied, especially regarding anti-aging activities. In this study, the microbial diversity of the marine sponge Scopalina hapalia was investigated by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-six bacterial and two archaeal phyla were recovered from the sponge, of which the Proteobacteria phylum was the most abundant. In addition, 30 isolates from S. hapalia were selected and cultivated for identification and secondary metabolites production. The selected isolates were affiliated to the genera Bacillus, Micromonospora, Rhodoccocus, Salinispora, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Nigrospora and unidentified genera related to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Crude extracts from selected microbial cultures were found to be active against seven clinically relevant targets (elastase, tyrosinase, catalase, sirtuin 1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Fyn kinase and proteasome). These results highlight the potential of microorganisms associated with a marine sponge from Mayotte to produce anti-aging compounds. Future work will focus on the isolation and the characterization of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifat Said Hassane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Jean Bernard Boyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Moran Jerabek
- Crelux GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
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104
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Reid JJ, Linden MA, Peelor FF, Miller RA, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Brain Protein Synthesis Rates in the UM-HET3 Mouse Following Treatment With Rapamycin or Rapamycin With Metformin. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:40-49. [PMID: 30864661 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin (RAP), alone and in combination with the antidiabetic drug, metformin (RAP+MET), extends lifespan in mice. The mechanisms underlying lifespan extension are unclear. One possibility is improved capacity for proteostatic maintenance. We have previously characterized peripheral protein synthesis rates following treatment with RAP. However, it is unknown if RAP+MET elicits similar changes, or if either treatment affects protein synthesis in the brain. We hypothesized that 8 weeks of treatment with RAP and RAP+MET would alter brain protein synthesis rates to reflect proteostatic processes. Using the stable isotopic tracer, deuterium oxide (D2O), we demonstrate in UM-HET3 mice that protein synthesis rates measured in whole brain were unaffected by treatment in young male mice, whereas RAP+MET decreased mitochondrial protein synthesis in young females. Conversely, RAP increased mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in older females. Activity through the AMPK/mTOR pathway was affected in a sex-specific manner in young mice, and minimal changes were observed in the older cohort. Thus, we establish D2O for measurements of biogenesis in the brain. These results provide initial insights into the effects of RAP and RAP+MET on brain protein synthesis. Additionally, these data emphasize that responses to slowed aging treatments vary with sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Reid
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Paul F. Glenn Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
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105
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Carter SJ, Gruber AH, Raglin JS, Baranauskas MN, Coggan AR. Potential health effects of dietary nitrate supplementation in aging and chronic degenerative disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109732. [PMID: 32294579 PMCID: PMC7313402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, latest projections indicate the number of adults 65 years of age and older is expected to double by 2050. Given that increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of aging, it is understandable that waning nitric oxide and chronic degenerative disease arise in tandem. To this end, translational evidence-based strategies are needed to mitigate the impending toll on personal and public health. Dietary nitrate supplementation, particularly in the form of beetroot juice, is an active area of inquiry that has gained considerable attention in recent years. Compelling evidence has revealed beetroot juice can elicit potent physiological responses that may offer associated health benefits for multiple clinical disorders including hypertension, dementia, and sarcopenia. Even in the absence of overt disease, age-related impairments in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function may uniquely benefit from beetroot juice supplementation as evidence has shown blood pressure lowering effects and improved muscle function/contractility - presumably from increased nitric oxide bioavailability. This, in turn, presents a practical opportunity for susceptible populations to support ease of movement and exercise tolerance, both of which may promote free-living physical activity. A theoretical rationale details the potential health effects of dietary nitrate supplementation, wherein a working framework hypothesizes beetroot juice consumption prior to structured exercise training may offer synergistic benefits to aid healthy aging and independent-living among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Allison H Gruber
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John S Raglin
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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106
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Bulterijs S, Braeckman BP. Phenotypic Screening in C. elegans as a Tool for the Discovery of New Geroprotective Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E164. [PMID: 32722365 PMCID: PMC7463874 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is one of the largest challenges of the 21st century. As more people live to advanced ages, the prevalence of age-related diseases and disabilities will increase placing an ever larger burden on our healthcare system. A potential solution to this conundrum is to develop treatments that prevent, delay or reduce the severity of age-related diseases by decreasing the rate of the aging process. This ambition has been accomplished in model organisms through dietary, genetic and pharmacological interventions. The pharmacological approaches hold the greatest opportunity for successful translation to the clinic. The discovery of such pharmacological interventions in aging requires high-throughput screening strategies. However, the majority of screens performed for geroprotective drugs in C. elegans so far are rather low throughput. Therefore, the development of high-throughput screening strategies is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bulterijs
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P. Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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107
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Midlife vulnerability and food insecurity: Findings from low-income adults in the US National Health Interview Survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233029. [PMID: 32658927 PMCID: PMC7357765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food insecurity, limited access to adequate food, in adulthood is associated with poor health outcomes that suggest a pattern of accelerated aging. However, little is known about factors that impact food insecurity in midlife which in turn could help to identify potential pathways of accelerated aging. Methods Low-income adults (n = 17,866; 2014 National Health Interview Survey), ages 18 to 84, completed a 10-item food security module and answered questions regarding health challenges (chronic conditions and functional limitations) and financial worry. We used multinomial logistic regression for complex samples to assess the association of health challenges and financial worry with food insecurity status and determine whether these associations differed by age group, while adjusting for poverty, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family structure, social security, and food assistance. Results Food insecurity rates were highest in late- (37.5%) and early- (36.0%) midlife, relative to younger (33.7%) and older (20.2%) age groups and, furthermore, age moderated the relationship between food insecurity and both risk factors (interaction p-values < .05, for both). The effects of poor health were stronger in midlife relative to younger and older ages. Unlike younger and older adults, however, adults in midlife showed high levels of food insecurity regardless of financial worry. Conclusions Findings suggest that food insecurity in midlife may be more severe than previously thought. Greater efforts are needed to identify those at greatest risk and intervene early to slow premature aging.
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108
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Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
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109
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Newell-Stamper BL, Huibregtse BM, Boardman JD, Domingue BW. A mutation associated with stress resistance in mice is associated with human grip strength and mortality. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2020; 65:245-256. [PMID: 32727277 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2020.1744425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hand grip strength (GS) is a valid and reliable predictor of future morbidity and mortality and is considered a useful indicator of aging. In this paper, we use results from the genetic analysis in animal studies to evaluate associations for GS, frailty, and subsequent mortality among humans. Specifically, we use data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) to investigate the association between three polymorphisms in a candidate frailty gene (Tiam1) and GS. Results suggest that the A allele in rs724561 significantly reduces GS among older adults in the US (b = -0.340; p < .006) and is significantly associated with self-reported weakness (b = 0.221; p = .036). This same polymorphism was weakly associated (one-tailed) with an increased risk of mortality (b = 1.091; p < .093) and adjustments for GS rendered this association statistically non-significant (b = 1.048; p < .361). Overall, our results provide tentative evidence that the Tiam1 gene may be associated with frailty development, but we encourage further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne L Newell-Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin W Domingue
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University , Stanford, California, USA
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110
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Carneiro MAS, de Oliveira Júnior GN, de Sousa JFR, Santagnello SB, Souza MVC, Orsatti FL. Effects of cluster training sets on muscle power and force–velocity relationship in postmenopausal women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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111
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Kuraszkiewicz B, Goszczyńska H, Podsiadły-Marczykowska T, Piotrkiewicz M, Andersen P, Gromicho M, Grosskreutz J, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Petri S, Stubbendorf B, Szacka K, Uysal H, de Carvalho M. Potential Preventive Strategies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:428. [PMID: 32528241 PMCID: PMC7264408 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It may seem useless to propose preventive measures for a disease without established pathogenesis and successful therapy, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, we will show that ALS shares essential molecular mechanisms with aging and that established anti-aging strategies, such as healthy diet or individually adjusted exercise, may be successfully applied to ameliorate the condition of ALS patients. These strategies might be applied for prevention if persons at ALS risk could be identified early enough. Recent research advances indicate that this may happen soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuraszkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Goszczyńska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Podsiadły-Marczykowska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Piotrkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Gromicho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Grosskreutz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - S Petri
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - B Stubbendorf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - K Szacka
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Uysal
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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112
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Campos JC, Baehr LM, Ferreira ND, Bozi LHM, Andres AM, Ribeiro MAC, Gottlieb RA, Bodine SC, Ferreira JCB. β 2 -adrenoceptor activation improves skeletal muscle autophagy in neurogenic myopathy. FASEB J 2020; 34:5628-5641. [PMID: 32112488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
β2 -adrenoceptor agonists improve autophagy and re-establish proteostasis in cardiac cells; therefore, suggesting autophagy as a downstream effector of β2 -adrenoceptor signaling pathway. Here, we used the pharmacological and genetic tools to determine the autophagy effect of sustained β2 -adrenoceptor activation in rodents with neurogenic myopathy, which display impaired skeletal muscle autophagic flux. Sustained β2 -adrenoceptor activation using Formoterol (10 μg kg-1 day-1 ), starting at the onset of neurogenic myopathy, prevents disruption of autophagic flux in skeletal muscle 14 days after sciatic nerve constriction. These changes are followed by reduction of the cytotoxic protein levels and increased skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and contractility properties. Of interest, sustained administration of Formoterol at lower concentration (1 μg kg-1 day-1 ) induces similar improvements in skeletal muscle autophagic flux and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy, without affecting the cross-sectional area. Sustained pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using Chloroquine (50 mg kg-1 day-1 ) abolishes the beneficial effects of β2 -adrenoceptor activation on the skeletal muscle proteostasis and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy. Further supporting an autophagy mechanism for β2 -adrenoceptor activation, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of ATG7 blunts the beneficial effects of β2 -adrenoceptor on skeletal muscle proteostasis and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy in mice. These findings suggest autophagy as a critical downstream effector of β2 -adrenoceptor signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nikolas D Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allen M Andres
- The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Márcio A C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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113
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Tzimou A, Benaki D, Nikolaidis S, Mikros E, Taitzoglou I, Mougios V. Effects of lifelong exercise and aging on the blood metabolic fingerprint of rats. Biogerontology 2020; 21:577-591. [PMID: 32222870 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, as it helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. We explored the effects of lifelong exercise and aging on rat metabolism through a metabolomics approach. Thirty-six rats were divided into four equal groups: exercise during the 1st half of life (3-12 months), lifelong exercise (3-21 months), no exercise, and exercise during the 2nd half of life (12-21 months). Exercise consisted in swimming for 20 min, five times a week. Blood samples collected at 3, 12, and 21 months of life were analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The groups that exercised during the 2nd half of life weighed less than the groups that did not. Exercise had an orexigenic effect during the 1st half and an anorexigenic effect during the 2nd half. Multivariate analysis showed a clear discrimination between ages when groups were treated as one and between the exercising and non-exercising groups at 12 months. Univariate analysis showed many effects of aging and some effects of exercise on metabolites involved in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Especially during the 1st half, exercise had anabolic effects, whereas aging had catabolic effects on amino acid metabolism. In two cases (glycine and succinate), exercise (especially during the 1st half) mitigated potentially harmful effects of aging. The higher values of succinate and the lower values of lactate during the 1st half in the exercising groups suggest increased oxidative metabolism. In conclusion, moderate-intensity exercise for life or half-life had strong and potentially healthful effects on body weight and (partly) appetite, as well as on some blood metabolites. The effects of aging on the rat blood metabolome seemed to be stronger than those of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tzimou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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114
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Armenian SH, Gibson CJ, Rockne RC, Ness KK. Premature Aging in Young Cancer Survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:226-232. [PMID: 30715446 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in early detection, treatment, and supportive care have resulted in an estimated 16 million cancer survivors who are alive in the United States today. Outcomes have notably improved for children with cancer as well as young adults with hematologic malignancies due, in part, to the intensification of cancer treatment, including the use of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Emerging evidence suggests that these cancer survivors are at risk for premature aging, manifesting as early onset of chronic health conditions and a higher risk of mortality compared with the general population. Although the pathophysiology of premature aging in these survivors has not been fully elucidated, emerging concepts in aging research could help shed light on this phenomenon. Longitudinal studies are needed to better characterize aging in these survivors, setting the stage for much-needed interventions to halt the trajectory of accelerated aging. These efforts will be enhanced through collaborations between translational researchers, clinical oncologists, primary care providers, geriatricians, patient caretakers, and other stakeholders committed to improving the lives of the growing population of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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115
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Engelland RE, Hemingway HW, Tomasco OG, Olivencia-Yurvati AH, Romero SA. Neural control of blood pressure is altered following isolated leg heating in aged humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H976-H984. [PMID: 32142377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00019.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure that occurs in aged adults following exposure to acute leg heating. We tested the hypothesis that acute leg heating would decrease arterial blood pressure in aged adults secondary to sympathoinhibition. We exposed 13 young and 10 aged adults to 45 min of leg heating. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (radial nerve) was measured before leg heating (preheat) and 30 min after (recovery) and is expressed as burst frequency. Neurovascular transduction was examined by assessing the slope of the relation between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and leg vascular conductance measured at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise performed to fatigue. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in young adults (preheat, 86 ± 6 mmHg vs. recovery, 88 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.4) due to increased sympathetic nerve activity (preheat, 16 ± 7 bursts/min vs. recovery, 22 ± 10 bursts/min; P < 0.01). However, in aged adults, sympathetic nerve activity did not differ from preheat (37 ± 5 bursts/min) to recovery (33 ± 6 bursts/min, P = 0.1), despite a marked reduction in arterial blood pressure (preheat, 101 ± 7 mmHg vs. recovery, 94 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.01). Neurovascular transduction did not differ from preheat to recovery for either age group (P ≥ 0.1). The reduction in arterial blood pressure that occurs in aged adults following exposure to acute leg heating is mediated, in part, by a sympathoinhibitory effect that alters the compensatory neural response to hypotension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is a sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure that occurs in aged adults following exposure to acute leg heating. However, the neurovascular mechanisms mediating this response remain unknown. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that this reduction in arterial blood pressure is mediated, in part, by a sympathoinhibitory effect that alters the compensatory neural response to hypotension in aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Engelland
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Human Vascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas
| | - Holden W Hemingway
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Human Vascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas
| | - Olivia G Tomasco
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Human Vascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas
| | - Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Human Vascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas
| | - Steven A Romero
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Human Vascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas
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116
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Thumala D, Gajardo B, Gómez C, Arnold-Cathalifaud M, Araya A, Jofré P, Ravera V. Coping processes that foster accommodation to loss in old age. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:300-307. [PMID: 30596452 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1531378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Flexible adjustment or accommodation to loss is healthy; however, little is known about how it can be achieved in old age. We sought to identify and characterize effective coping processes for achieving accommodation at this stage of life. Our aim was to foster the activation of the psychological resources of those who must deal with significant losses to which they will inevitably need to adapt.Method: Qualitative study with a sample of men (n = 16) and women (n = 19) aged 60 years and up. Information was collected through observation and content analysis applied to 35 in-depth interviews, using Atlas-Ti (v7).Results: Eighteen coping processes implemented in response to loss were identified and characterized. Although no single process led to full adjustment by itself, the difference between the participants who accommodated and those who lacked accommodation was reflected in the predominance of certain processes. This approach enabled us to identify 13 effective processes, such as the search for meaning and the use of humor, which were generally used by participants who had achieved accommodation. The processes regarded as ineffective, such as avoidance and procrastination, were used more often by those who displayed insufficient accommodation.Conclusion: It was confirmed that accommodation to losses in old age not only results from "the passage of time"; rather, it can be fostered by people's active efforts. Knowledge of these practices can help practitioners orient mental health interventions for older adults who have difficulty coping in healthy ways and preserving their subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Thumala
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Gajardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Gómez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alfonso Araya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Jofré
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Ravera
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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117
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Lushchak O. Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:447. [PMID: 31998711 PMCID: PMC6965023 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is known to be associated with heightened oxidative stress and related systemic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation is regarded as a promising strategy to combat aging and associated pathological conditions. Food-grade antioxidants from plant-derived extracts are the most common ingredients of these supplements. Phyto-bioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin are among the most commonly applied natural compounds used as potential modulators of the free radical-induced cellular damages. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is, however, restricted by their low bioavailability related to poor solubility, stability, and absorbance in gastrointestinal tract. Recently, novel nanotechnology-based systems were developed for therapeutic delivery of natural antioxidants with improved bioavailability and, consequently, efficacy in clinical practice. Such systems have provided many benefits in preclinical research over the conventional preparations, including superior solubility and stability, extended half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent developments in nanodelivery of natural antioxidants and its application to combat pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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118
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Guest PC. The Impact of New Biomarkers and Drug Targets on Age-Related Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:3-28. [PMID: 32219738 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the human lifespan has not been paralleled by an increase in healthy life. With the increase in the proportion of the aged population, there has been a natural increase in the prevalence of age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, frailty, and various other disorders. A continuous rise in these conditions could lead to a widespread medical and social burden. There are now considerable efforts underway to address these deficits in preclinical and clinical studies, which include the use of better study cohorts, longitudinal designs, improved translation of data from preclinical models, multi-omics profiling, identification of new biomarker candidates and refinement of computational tools and databases containing relevant information. Such efforts will support future interdisciplinary studies and help to identify potential new targets that are amenable to therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological interventions to increase the human healthspan in parallel with the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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119
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Ballak DB, Brunt VE, Sapinsley ZJ, Ziemba BP, Richey JJ, Zigler MC, Johnson LC, Gioscia‐Ryan RA, Culp‐Hill R, Eisenmesser EZ, D'Alessandro A, Dinarello CA, Seals DR. Short-term interleukin-37 treatment improves vascular endothelial function, endurance exercise capacity, and whole-body glucose metabolism in old mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13074. [PMID: 31755162 PMCID: PMC6974720 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired whole-body glucose metabolism. Interleukin-37 (IL-37), an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-1 family, exerts salutary physiological effects in young mice independent of its inflammation-suppressing properties. Here, we assess the efficacy of IL-37 treatment for improving physiological function in older age. Old mice (26-28 months) received daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant human IL-37 (recIL-37; 1 µg/200 ml PBS) or vehicle (200 ml PBS) for 10-14 days. Vascular endothelial function (ex vivo carotid artery dilation to increasing doses of acetylcholine, ACh) was enhanced in recIL-37 vs. vehicle-treated mice via increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (all p < .05); this effect was accompanied by enhanced ACh-stimulated NO production and reduced levels of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells cultured with plasma from IL-37-treated animals (p < .05 vs. vehicle plasma). RecIL-37 treatment increased endurance exercise capacity by 2.4-fold, which was accompanied by a 2.9-fold increase in the phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) to AMPK ratio (i.e., AMPK activation) in quadriceps muscle. RecIL-37 treatment also improved whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (p < .05 vs. vehicle). Improvements in physiological function occurred without significant changes in plasma, aortic, and skeletal muscle pro-inflammatory proteins (under resting conditions), whereas pro-/anti-inflammatory IL-6 was greater in recIL-37-treated animals. Plasma metabolomics analysis revealed that recIL-37 treatment altered metabolites related to pathways involved in NO synthesis (e.g., increased L-arginine and citrulline/arginine ratio) and fatty acid metabolism (e.g., increased pantothenol and free fatty acids). Our findings provide experimental support for IL-37 therapy as a novel strategy to improve diverse physiological functions in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B. Ballak
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
| | - Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Brian P. Ziemba
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - James J. Richey
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Lawrence C. Johnson
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
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120
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Burdyliuk N, Yurkevych I, Storey KB, Vaiserman A. Nanodelivery of phytobioactive compounds for treating aging-associated disorders. GeroScience 2019; 42:117-139. [PMID: 31686375 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging population presents a major challenge for many countries in the world and has made the development of efficient means for healthspan extension a priority task for researchers and clinicians worldwide. Anti-aging properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective activities have been reported for various phytobioactive compounds (PBCs) including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, catechin, etc. However, the therapeutic potential of orally administered PBCs is limited by their poor stability, bioavailability, and solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, innovative nanotechnology-based approaches have been developed to improve the bioactivity of PBCs and enhance their potential in preventing and/or treating age-associated disorders, primarily those caused by aging-related chronic inflammation. PBC-loaded nanoparticles designed for oral administration provide many benefits over conventional formulations, including enhanced stability and solubility, prolonged half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent advances in this rapidly developing research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Yurkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.
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121
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Ekmekcioglu C. Nutrition and longevity – From mechanisms to uncertainties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3063-3082. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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122
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Newman-Griffis D, Porcino J, Zirikly A, Thieu T, Camacho Maldonado J, Ho PS, Ding M, Chan L, Rasch E. Broadening horizons: the case for capturing function and the role of health informatics in its use. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1288. [PMID: 31615472 PMCID: PMC6794808 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human activity and the interaction between health conditions and activity is a critical part of understanding the overall function of individuals. The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) models function as all aspects of an individual’s interaction with the world, including organismal concepts such as individual body structures, functions, and pathologies, as well as the outcomes of the individual’s interaction with their environment, referred to as activity and participation. Function, particularly activity and participation outcomes, is an important indicator of health at both the level of an individual and the population level, as it is highly correlated with quality of life and a critical component of identifying resource needs. Since it reflects the cumulative impact of health conditions on individuals and is not disease specific, its use as a health indicator helps to address major barriers to holistic, patient-centered care that result from multiple, and often competing, disease specific interventions. While the need for better information on function has been widely endorsed, this has not translated into its routine incorporation into modern health systems. Purpose We present the importance of capturing information on activity as a core component of modern health systems and identify specific steps and analytic methods that can be used to make it more available to utilize in improving patient care. We identify challenges in the use of activity and participation information, such as a lack of consistent documentation and diversity of data specificity and representation across providers, health systems, and national surveys. We describe how activity and participation information can be more effectively captured, and how health informatics methodologies, including natural language processing (NLP), can enable automatically locating, extracting, and organizing this information on a large scale, supporting standardization and utilization with minimal additional provider burden. We examine the analytic requirements and potential challenges of capturing this information with informatics, and describe how data-driven techniques can combine with common standards and documentation practices to make activity and participation information standardized and accessible for improving patient care. Recommendations We recommend four specific actions to improve the capture and analysis of activity and participation information throughout the continuum of care: (1) make activity and participation annotation standards and datasets available to the broader research community; (2) define common research problems in automatically processing activity and participation information; (3) develop robust, machine-readable ontologies for function that describe the components of activity and participation information and their relationships; and (4) establish standards for how and when to document activity and participation status during clinical encounters. We further provide specific short-term goals to make significant progress in each of these areas within a reasonable time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Newman-Griffis
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, DL 395, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Julia Porcino
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayah Zirikly
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thanh Thieu
- Department of Computer Science, Oklahoma State University, 116-A MSCS, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jonathan Camacho Maldonado
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Shu Ho
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Min Ding
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Leighton Chan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rasch
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 856, MSC 5493, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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123
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Kruse NT. Nutraceuticals as a potential adjunct therapy toward improving vascular health in CKD. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R719-R732. [PMID: 31577157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health epidemic and increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular dysfunction is a major independent risk factor toward increased risk for CVD in CKD. Several mechanisms have been postulated to result in vascular dysfunction in CKD, including oxidative stress-mediated inflammation by redox imbalance and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and synthesis. Therefore, strategies that decrease oxidative stress and/or increase NO bioactivity may have major clinical implications toward improving vascular health and reducing the burden of CVD in CKD. Nutraceutical therapy in the form of polyphenols, dietary nitrates, or selective mitochondria-targeting therapies has recently been shown to improve vascular function by reducing oxidative stress and/or increasing NO bioavailability and synthesis. This review, therefore, highlights these three emerging nutraceuticals recently implicated in pathophysiological improvement of vascular function in CKD. This review also describes those pathophysiological mechanisms thought to be responsible for the beneficial effects on the vasculature and possible experimental considerations that may exist within human CKD populations. It is clear throughout this review that human-based mechanistic preclinical and health-related clinical studies are lacking regarding whether nutraceuticals do indeed improve vascular function in patients with CKD. As such, a comprehensive, detailed, and fully integrated understanding of nutraceuticals and vasculature function is necessary in patients with CKD. Many opportunities exist for original mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries and investigations on select nutraceuticals and their impact on vascular outcomes in patients with CKD, and these will remain exciting avenues of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Kruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Oliva AA, McClain-Moss L, Pena A, Drouillard A, Hare JM. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A regenerative medicine approach to geroscience. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 2:142-146. [PMID: 31667462 PMCID: PMC6820701 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraordinary advances in medicine and public health have contributed to increasing life expectancy worldwide. However, health span-"healthy aging"-has paradoxically lagged to parallel this increase. Consequently, aging-associated illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease and aging frailty, are having a growing impact on patients, their families, and entire health-care systems. Typically, such disorders have been treated as isolated disease entities. However, the inextricable links between aging-associated disorders and the aging process itself have become increasingly recognized, leading to formation of the field of geroscience. The geroscience concept is that treating the aging process itself should lead to treatment and prevention of aging-related disorders. However, the aging process is complex, dictated by highly interrelated pleiotropic processes. As such, therapeutics with pleiotropic mechanisms of action (either alone, or as part of combinatorial strategies) will be required for preventing and treating both aging and related disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multiple mechanisms of action that make these highly promising geroscience therapeutic candidates. These cells have a high safety profile for clinical use, are amenable to allogeneic use since tissue-type matching is not required, and can have sustained activity after transplantation. Herein, we review preclinical and clinical data supporting the utility of allogeneic MSCs as a geroscience therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joshua M Hare
- Longeveron LLC, Miami, FL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Justice JN, Gregory H, Tchkonia T, LeBrasseur NK, Kirkland JL, Kritchevsky SB, Nicklas BJ. Cellular Senescence Biomarker p16INK4a+ Cell Burden in Thigh Adipose is Associated With Poor Physical Function in Older Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:939-945. [PMID: 28658942 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ample evidence implicates cellular senescence as a contributor to frailty and functional decline in rodents, but considerable effort remains to translate these findings to human aging. Methods We quantified senescence biomarker p16INK4a-expressing cells in thigh adipose tissue obtained from older women previously enrolled in a 5-month resistance training intervention, with or without caloric restriction (RT ± CR, n = 11 baseline, 8 pre-post-intervention pairs). Women in this subsample were older (72.9 ± 3.4 y) and overweight/obese (body mass index: 30.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2). p16INK4a+ cells were identified from 12 to 20 random visual fields/sample at 20× magnification (immunohistochemical, nuclear staining) and were present in all adipose samples. Results Cross-sectional associations were observed between p16INK4a+ cell burden and physical function, including grip strength (r = -0.74), 400-m walk time (r = 0.74), 4-m gait speed (r = -0.73), and self-perceived mobility (r = -0.78) (p ≤ .05). These relationships remained significant after independent adjustments for age and adiposity (p ≤ .05). p16INK4a+ cell abundance was lower following the intervention (pre: 5.47 ± 3.4%, post: 2.17 ± 1.1% count p16INK4a+ cells, p ≤ .05). Conclusions These results provide proof-of-concept that p16INK4a+ cells in thigh adipose are associated with physical function, and may be sensitive to change with RT ± CR in overweight/obese older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Heather Gregory
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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McKendry J, Shad BJ, Smeuninx B, Oikawa SY, Wallis G, Greig C, Phillips SM, Breen L. Comparable Rates of Integrated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Between Endurance-Trained Master Athletes and Untrained Older Individuals. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1084. [PMID: 31543824 PMCID: PMC6728413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An impaired muscle anabolic response to exercise and protein nutrition is thought to underpin age-related muscle loss, which may be exacerbated by aspects of biological aging that may not be present in older individuals who have undertaken long-term high-level exercise training, or master athletes (MA). The aim of this study was to compare rested-state and exercise-induced rates of integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) and intracellular signaling in endurance trained MA and healthy age-matched untrained individuals (Older Controls). Methods In a parallel study design, iMyoPS rates were determined over 48 h in the rested-state and following a bout of unaccustomed resistance exercise (RE) in OC (n = 8 males; 73.5 ± 3.3 years) and endurance-trained MA (n = 7 males; 68.9 ± 5.7 years). Intramuscular anabolic signaling was also determined. During the iMyoPS measurement period, physical activity was monitored via accelerometry and dietary intake was controlled. Results Anthropometrics, habitual activity, and dietary intake were similar between groups. There was no difference in rested-state rates of iMyoPS between OC (1.47 ± 0.06%⋅day–1) and MA (1.46 ± 0.08%⋅day–1). RE significantly increased iMyoPS above rest in both OC (1.60 ± 0.08%⋅day–1, P < 0.01) and MA (1.61 ± 0.08%⋅day–1, P < 0.01), with no difference between groups. AktThr308 phosphorylation increased at 1 h post-RE in OC (P < 0.05), but not MA. No other between-group differences in intramuscular signaling were apparent at any time-point. Conclusion While our sample size is limited, these data suggest that rested-state and RE-induced iMyoPS are indistinguishable between MA and OC. Importantly, the OC retain a capacity for RE-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon J Shad
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gareth Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Rebsamen S, Knols RH, Pfister PB, de Bruin ED. Exergame-Driven High-Intensity Interval Training in Untrained Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Formative One Group Quasi- Experimental Feasibility Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31440168 PMCID: PMC6693477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of an exergame-driven high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its effects on cardiovascular fitness in untrained community dwelling older adults. Methods Twelve older participants [10 women, age 72.3 (SD: 4.44) years] performed a high-intensity interval exergame intervention three times a week for 4 weeks. Data was acquired during two baseline and one final measurement. Feasibility outcomes included attrition, adherence, acceptability [Technology Acceptance Model Questionnaire (TAM)], usability [System Usability Scale (SUS)], and enjoyment of exergaming. Furthermore, participants' physical activity levels pre and post intervention were compared to physical activity levels for similar types of training. The secondary outcome was exercise capacity [heart rate at rest (HRrest), heart rate variability (HRV), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum workload (W, in watt)] evaluated through maximal exercise testing. Results Eleven participants completed the study (8% attrition), without any adverse events. Adherence to the HIIT intervention was 91% and participants showed high acceptance of the intervention with TAM scores between 5.8 and 6.7 points. User satisfaction was rated as excellent (SUS total score: 93.5 of 100) and the overall enjoyment of exergaming scored 4.5 of 5 possible points. Total exercise time ranged from 19 to 35 min with a mean of 30.8 (SD: 3.6) min. Actual high-intensity exercise time showed consistency with the target exercise time in 98% percent of trainings. Eighty-six percent of high-intensity intervals met the targeted intensity range (>70-90% of HRmax). Thirty-six percent of the recovery periods were completed with a heart rate above the target range of 50-70% of HRmax. Maximum workload (W) during the incremental exercise test post-training increased significantly compared to the baseline measurements one and two (p = 0.032, effect size r = 0.77 and p = 0.012, r = 0.87). Conclusion High-intensity interval training through exergaming is feasible, safe, and shows high usability and acceptance in community dwelling older people. Exergame-driven HIIT had a significant effect on maximum power output on an incremental exercise test. A more extensive exergame intervention period, higher work to recovery ratios as well as a higher-intensity activity should be considered in future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rebsamen
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiotherapy, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiotherapy, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Ruud H Knols
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierrette Baschung Pfister
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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128
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Let food and physical activity be your medicine : Lessons from EuGMS Athens 2020 pre-congress seminar. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:553-558. [PMID: 34652734 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In the context of the preparation of the 16th EuGMS Congress that will be held in Athens in 2020, EUGMS and the Hellenic Consortium for Geriatric Medicine organized a pre-congress seminar in November 2018. METHODS The seminar focused on the role of diet and physical activity in healthy aging. RESULTS It seems that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) remains one of the most well-studied and scientifically appreciated diets and holds much promise also in older age. It is never too late to adhere to a healthier diet and MD seems to attenuate inflammaging and reduce the risk of various chronic diseases, impaired cognition, and frailty. Food preparation also emerges as a critical issue due to its relation to Advanced Glycation End-products that are tightly related to the aging process. Physical activity is the second pillar of health-promoting lifestyle changes. It can alleviate related to age structural and physiological decline. It does not only reduce total morbidity and mortality in older adults, but also improves functionality and decreases disability in aerobic capacity, body composition, muscle mass, bone density, articulation performance. A multi-component physical activity, combining endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training which is preferable for older adults is advisable. However, adherence to an active lifestyle meets additional challenges for older people, which could be overcome by adjusting intensity and types of exercise in individual capacities and preferences and by campaigning against stereotypes. CONCLUSIONS Promoting healthy diet and physical activity as the new trend in healthy aging is a relevant, cost-effective, and challenging perspective, adjustable to individual needs and values. But most importantly, eating and moving are part of our living, our socializing, and our cultural routines, and by these means, could consist two particularly effective remedies.
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Raubenheimer K, Bondonno C, Blekkenhorst L, Wagner KH, Peake JM, Neubauer O. Effects of dietary nitrate on inflammation and immune function, and implications for cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:584-599. [PMID: 31150091 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic dietary nitrate, found abundantly in green leafy and some root vegetables, elicits several beneficial physiological effects, including a reduction in blood pressure and improvements in blood flow through nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide signaling. Recent animal and human studies have shown that dietary nitrate and nitrite also modulate inflammatory processes and immune cell function and phenotypes. Chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysfunction play a critical role in cardiovascular disease. This review outlines the current evidence on the efficacy of nitrate-rich plant foods and other sources of dietary nitrate and nitrite to counteract inflammation and promote homeostasis of the immune and vascular systems. The data from these studies suggest that immune cells and immune-vasculature interactions are important targets for dietary interventions aimed at improving, preserving, or restoring cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Raubenheimer
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Wagner J, Knaier R, Infanger D, Arbeev K, Briel M, Dieterle T, Hanssen H, Faude O, Roth R, Hinrichs T, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Functional aging in health and heart failure: the COmPLETE Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31362698 PMCID: PMC6664502 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular (CV) diseases including heart failure are the leading causes of morbidity, with age being the primary risk factor. The combination of age-related organic functional impairment and reduced physical fitness can drastically impact an individual's healthspan. One's lifespan can potentially be prolonged by the preservation or improvement of physical fitness. However, it remains unclear as to which biomarkers are most suitable for distinguishing between healthy aging and the impaired organ function associated with heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the components of physical fitness and CV function will be performed to identify the most important factors contributing to aging in relation to both health and disease. METHODS This cross-sectional investigation will consist of two parts: COmPLETE-Health (C-Health) and COmPLETE-Heart (C-Heart). C-Health will examine the aging trajectories of physical fitness components and CV properties in a healthy population sample aged between 20 and 100 years (n = 490). Separately, C-Heart will assess the same markers in patients at different stages of chronic heart failure (n = 80). The primary outcome to determine the difference between C-Health and C-Heart will be cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer. Secondary outcomes will include walking speed, balance, isometric strength, peak power, and handgrip strength. Physical activity as a behavioural component will be assessed objectively via accelerometry. Further, CV assessments will include pulse wave velocity; retinal, arterial, and venous diameters; brachial and retinal arterial endothelial function; carotid intima-media thickness; and systolic and diastolic function. The health distances for C-Health and C-Heart will be calculated using the methodology based on statistical (Mahalanobis) distance applied to measurements of quantitative biomarkers. DISCUSSION This research seeks to identify physical fitness and CV biomarkers that best resemble underlying CV risk with age. Further, it will examine which physical fitness markers are impaired most in heart failure. The presented integrative approach could define new recommendations for diagnostic guidance in aging. Ultimately, this study is expected to offer a better understanding of which functional characteristics should be specifically targeted in primary and secondary prevention to achieve an optimal healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wagner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Matthias Briel
- Department of Clinical Research, Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ONL8S4K1 Canada
| | - Thomas Dieterle
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University of Basel, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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Musci RV, Hamilton KL, Linden MA. Exercise-Induced Mitohormesis for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle and Healthspan Extension. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E170. [PMID: 31336753 PMCID: PMC6681340 DOI: 10.3390/sports7070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one mechanism linking aging with chronic diseases including the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function called sarcopenia. Thus, mitigating oxidative damage is a potential avenue to prevent or delay the onset of chronic disease and/or extend healthspan. Mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis) occurs when acute exposure to stress stimulates adaptive mitochondrial responses that improve mitochondrial function and resistance to stress. For example, an acute oxidative stress via mitochondrial superoxide production stimulates the activation of endogenous antioxidant gene transcription regulated by the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, resulting in an adaptive hormetic response. In addition, acute stresses such as aerobic exercise stimulate the expansion of skeletal muscle mitochondria (i.e., mitochondrial biogenesis), constituting a mitohormetic response that protects from sarcopenia through a variety of mechanisms. This review summarized the effects of age-related declines in mitochondrial and redox homeostasis on skeletal muscle protein homeostasis and highlights the mitohormetic mechanisms by which aerobic exercise mitigates these age-related declines and maintains function. We discussed the potential efficacy of targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which partially mediates adaptation to aerobic exercise, to restore mitochondrial and skeletal muscle function. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps related to improving redox signaling and make recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Davis HM, Essex AL, Valdez S, Deosthale PJ, Aref MW, Allen MR, Bonetto A, Plotkin LI. Short-term pharmacologic RAGE inhibition differentially affects bone and skeletal muscle in middle-aged mice. Bone 2019; 124:89-102. [PMID: 31028960 PMCID: PMC6543548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Loss of bone and muscle mass are two major clinical complications among the growing list of chronic diseases that primarily affect elderly individuals. Persistent low-grade inflammation, one of the major drivers of aging, is also associated with both bone and muscle dysfunction in aging. Particularly, chronic activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and elevated levels of its ligands high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), AGEs, S100 proteins and Aβ fibrils have been linked to bone and muscle loss in various pathologies. Further, genetic or pharmacologic RAGE inhibition has been shown to preserve both bone and muscle mass. However, whether short-term pharmacologic RAGE inhibition can prevent early bone and muscle loss in aging is unknown. To address this question, we treated young (4-mo) and middle-aged (15-mo) C57BL/6 female mice with vehicle or Azeliragon, a small-molecule RAGE inhibitor initially developed to treat Alzheimer's disease. Azeliragon did not prevent the aging-induced alterations in bone geometry or mechanics, likely due to its differential effects [direct vs. indirect] on bone cell viability/function. On the other hand, Azeliragon attenuated the aging-related body composition changes [fat and lean mass] and reversed the skeletal muscle alterations induced with aging. Interestingly, while Azeliragon induced similar metabolic changes in bone and skeletal muscle, aging differentially altered the expression of genes associated with glucose uptake/metabolism in these two tissues, highlighting a potential explanation for the differential effects of Azeliragon on bone and skeletal muscle in middle-aged mice. Overall, our findings suggest that while short-term pharmacologic RAGE inhibition did not protect against early aging-induced bone alterations, it prevented against the early effects of aging in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Davis
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Alyson L Essex
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Sinai Valdez
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Padmini J Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Mohammad W Aref
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
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Function, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Stress Parameters in Immune Cells as Predictive Markers of Lifespan throughout Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4574276. [PMID: 31281577 PMCID: PMC6589234 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4574276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the oxidative-inflammatory theory of aging, there is a link between the function, the oxidative-inflammatory stress state of immune cells, and longevity. However, it is unknown which immune cell parameters can predict lifespan and if there would be any changes in this prediction, depending on the age of the subject. Therefore, a longitudinal study in mice was performed analysing immune function (chemotaxis of macrophages and lymphocytes, phagocytosis of macrophages, natural killer (NK) activity, and lymphoproliferation capacity), antioxidant (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations), oxidant (oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations), and inflammation-related markers (basal release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) in peritoneal leukocytes from mice at the adult, mature, old, very old, and long-lived ages (40, 56, 72, 96, and 120 ± 4 weeks of age, respectively). The results reveal that some of the investigated parameters are determinants of longevity at the adult age (lymphoproliferative capacity, lymphocyte chemotaxis, macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis, GPx activity, and GSH, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 concentrations), and therefore, they could be proposed as markers of the rate of aging. However, other parameters are predictive of extreme longevity only at the very old age (NK activity, CAT and GR activities, and IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations), and as such, they could reflect some of the adaptive mechanisms underlying the achievement of high longevity. Nevertheless, although preliminary, the results of the present study provide a new perspective on the use of function, redox, and inflammatory parameters in immune cells as prognostic tools in aging research and represent a novel benchmark for future work aimed at prediction of lifespan.
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134
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Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040745. [PMID: 30935012 PMCID: PMC6521630 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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135
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Lazarus NR, Lord JM, Harridge SDR. The relationships and interactions between age, exercise and physiological function. J Physiol 2019; 597:1299-1309. [PMID: 30422311 PMCID: PMC6395415 DOI: 10.1113/jp277071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief review focuses on the relationships and interactions between human ageing, exercise and physiological function. It explores the importance of the selection of participants for ageing research, the strengths and deficiencies of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and the complexities involved in understanding time-dependent, lifelong physiological processes. As being physically active is crucial to fostering healthy ageing, it is essential that participants in health and ageing research are defined in terms of their physical activity/exercise status as well as other lifestyle factors. Comparisons of exercisers with non-exercisers has suggested that there is a mosaic of regulation of ageing both within and across physiological systems. We suggest that four broad categories exist which encompass this regulation. These are (i) systems and indices that are age dependent, but activity independent; (ii) systems that are age dependent, but also malleable by exercise; (iii) systems that are not age affected but are altered by exercise; and (iv) systems that are neither age nor activity dependent. We briefly explore the concept of a mosaic of regulation in a selection of physiological systems. These include skeletal muscle, the immune and endocrine systems, gastrointestinal as well as cognitive function. We go onto examine how these categories might fit within the broad framework of understanding the physiology of human ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R. Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological SciencesSchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and AgeingMRC‐ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological SciencesSchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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136
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Taming expectations of metformin as a treatment to extend healthspan. GeroScience 2019; 41:101-108. [PMID: 30746605 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic medication metformin has potential to be the first drug tested to slow aging in humans. While the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) proposal and other small-scale clinical trials have the potential to support aging as a treatment indication, we propose that the goals of the TAME trial might not be entirely consistent with the Geroscience goal of extending healthspan. There is expanding epidemiological support for the health benefits of metformin in individuals already diagnosed with overt chronic disease. However, it remains to be understood if these protective effects extend to those free of chronic disease. Within this editorial, we seek to highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be considered when testing metformin as a treatment to target aging.
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Rossman MJ, LaRocca TJ, Martens CR, Seals DR. Healthy lifestyle-based approaches for successful vascular aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1888-1900. [PMID: 30212305 PMCID: PMC6842891 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00521.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes a presentation given at the 2016 Gerontological Society of America Annual Meeting as part of the Vascular Aging Workshop. The development of age-related vascular dysfunction increases the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as other chronic age-associated disorders, including chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, most notably regular aerobic exercise and certain dietary patterns, are considered "first-line" strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunction with aging. Despite the well-established benefits of these strategies, however, many older adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for exercise or consume a healthy diet. Therefore, it is important to establish alternative and/or complementary evidence-based approaches to prevent or reverse age-related vascular dysfunction. Time-efficient forms of exercise training, hormetic exposure to mild environmental stress, fasting "mimicking" dietary paradigms, and nutraceutical/pharmaceutical approaches to favorably modulate cellular and molecular pathways activated by exercise and healthy dietary patterns may hold promise as such alternative approaches. Determining the efficacy of these novel strategies is important to provide alternatives for adults with low adherence to conventional healthy lifestyle practices for healthy vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
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McCaskey MA, Schättin A, Martin-Niedecken AL, de Bruin ED. Making More of IT: Enabling Intensive Motor Cognitive Rehabilitation Exercises in Geriatrics Using Information Technology Solutions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4856146. [PMID: 30581853 PMCID: PMC6276519 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4856146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the health benefits of physical activity and exercise for older people are well established, a largely sedentary lifestyle still prevails in ageing western societies. Finding new ways to make exercise more accessible and acceptable for older adults must be developed to fully unleash its potential in preventing and weakening age-related physical and cognitive decline. Existing barriers to implement effective exercise-based treatment plans include motivational reservations on both the clinician's and patient's side, but also physical limitations caused by disease or deconditioning. Particularly in the more senior population, debilitating conditions do not allow adherence to currently recommended exercise regimes. A major rethinking of age- and user-adapted exercise is overdue. The high intensities required for physical and mental adaptations must be modifiable and personalized according to the functional status of each patient. Emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) have brought forward a plethora of attractive solutions for smart and adapted exercise, but there remains a vast gap between technological advancement and clinical relevance. Where in the beginning ICT for active ageing mainly focussed on aspects of usability and user experience, the current status of IT as applied in ageing populations noticeably shifted toward new services, applications, and devices that can be offered with the aim to prevent, compensate, care, and/or enhance daily life functioning of senior citizens. In this perspective paper, we aim to summarize the current state of the art in ICT-based interventions aimed at improved motor-cognitive control and make suggestions about how these could be combined with high-intensive interval exercise regimes to make rehabilitation for the impaired older adults more effective, and more fun.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. McCaskey
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Schättin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. L. Martin-Niedecken
- Department of Design, Subject Area Game Design, Zurich University of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. D. de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Santos-Parker JR, Santos-Parker KS, McQueen MB, Martens CR, Seals DR. Habitual aerobic exercise and circulating proteomic patterns in healthy adults: relation to indicators of healthspan. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1646-1659. [PMID: 30236049 PMCID: PMC6295489 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00458.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitual aerobic exercise enhances physiological function and reduces risk of morbidity and mortality throughout life, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The circulating proteome reflects the intricate network of physiological processes maintaining homeostasis and may provide insight into the molecular transducers of the health benefits of physical activity. In this exploratory study, we assessed the plasma proteome (SOMAscan proteomic assay; 1,129 proteins) of healthy sedentary or aerobic exercise-trained young women and young and older men ( n = 47). Using weighted correlation network analysis to identify clusters of highly co-expressed proteins, we characterized 10 distinct plasma proteomic modules (patterns). In healthy young (24 ± 1 yr) men and women, 4 modules were associated with aerobic exercise status and 1 with participant sex. In healthy young and older (64 ± 2 yr) men, 5 modules differed with age, but 2 of these were partially preserved at young adult levels in older men who exercised; among all men, 4 modules were associated with exercise status, including 3 of the 4 identified in young adults. Exercise-linked proteomic patterns were related to pathways involved in wound healing, regulation of apoptosis, glucose-insulin and cellular stress signaling, and inflammation/immune responses. Importantly, several of the exercise-related modules were associated with physiological and clinical indicators of healthspan, including diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, maximal aerobic capacity, and vascular endothelial function. Overall, these findings provide initial insight into circulating proteomic patterns modulated by habitual aerobic exercise in healthy young and older adults, the biological processes involved, and their relation to indicators of healthspan. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess the relation between plasma proteomic patterns and aerobic exercise status in healthy adults. Weighted correlation network analysis identified 10 distinct proteomic modules, including 5 patterns specific for exercise status. Additionally, 5 modules differed with aging in men, two of which were preserved in older exercising men. Exercise-associated modules included proteins related to inflammation, stress pathways, and immune function and correlated with clinical and physiological indicators of healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew B McQueen
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Douglas R Seals
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
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Naimo MA, Gu JK, Lilly C, Kelley GA, Baker BA. Resistance Training Frequency Confers Greater Muscle Quality in Aged Individuals: A Brief NHANES Report. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, results in a loss of strength and functional capacity, which subsequently increases the risk of disease, disability frailty, and all-cause mortality. Skeletal muscle quality (MQ), i.e., strength per unit muscle mass, is the ability of muscle to perform its functions, and evidence indicates it is a more influential variable underlying age-related declines in muscle function than losses in muscle mass. Resistance training (RT) is known for enhancing skeletal MQ, improving health span, and reducing mortality; however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between RT frequency and MQ in an aged population. Thus, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater MQ in older individuals is associated with RT frequency. Methods: Utilizing data from 2,391 older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES; 1999-2002), a secondary analysis of data was performed to see if an association existed between RT frequency and MQ in persons aged 55 years and older. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with three different models. Individuals were stratified into two groups based on how many days per week they performed RT: Insufficient (i.e., < two days per week) or sufficient (≥ two days per week). Muscle quality was calculated by taking the average peak force (Newtons) obtained from an isokinetic dynamometer and dividing it by lean mass, excluding bone mineral content (grams), obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The alpha level was set at <0.05. Results: For persons aged 55 and over, a statistically significant association was found between sufficient RT and greater MQ in both unadjusted as well as adjusted models that accounted for various demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics (p<0.05 for all). However, when limited to those 65 and older, no statistically significant associations were observed between sufficient RT and greater MQ (p>0.05 for all). When partitioned according to those 55 to 64 years of age and those 55 to 79 years, a statistically significant association was again observed (p<0.05 for all). No statistically significant associations were observed for individuals 65-79 years of age or those 80 years of age and older (p>0.05 for all). Conclusions: Sufficient amounts of RT are associated with greater MQ in selected older individuals. A need exists for future randomized controlled trials that examine the dose-response relationship between resistance training and MQ in older adults.
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141
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Lazarus NR, Harridge SDR. The Inherent Human Aging Process and the Facilitating Role of Exercise. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1135. [PMID: 30349481 PMCID: PMC6186798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arguably the best available depictions of the global physiological changes produced by age are the profiles of world record performance times in swimming, athletics, and cycling, depicting the trajectory of decline in maximal integrated physiological performance capability. The curves suggest that the aging process produces a synchronized, controlled decrease in physiological performance over the human lifespan. The shape of the performance profile by age is essentially independent of discipline, distance, or phenotype. Importantly, the specific times of performance are not the driving force in the production of the shape of the declining performance profile. We suggest that in these highly trained individuals the shape of the curve is generated by the aging process operating on a physiology optimized for any given age. We hypothesize that with adequate training this same profile and trajectory, but with lower performance times, would be generated by all individuals who engage in sufficient physical activity/exercise. Unlike performance, data obtained from examining individual physiological systems or tissues do not give information on the unceasing and changing global integrating functions of the aging process. However, these data do give valuable information about the integrity of physiological systems at a particular age and allow a direct comparison to be made between the effects of inactivity and physical activity/exercise. Being physically active has been shown to have global protective effects on physiological systems and thus facilitates the aging process by maintaining physiological integrity. There is emerging evidence which suggests that physiological regulation of aging may be multi-compartmentalized. We do not advocate exercise as a panacea, but all the evidence indicates that being physically active and exercising is far superior to any other alternative for achieving optimal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D R Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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142
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Marck A, Antero J, Berthelot G, Johnson S, Sedeaud A, Leroy A, Marc A, Spedding M, Di Meglio JM, Toussaint JF. Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:591-599. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris
| | - Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Geoffroy Berthelot
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Stacey Johnson
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Arthur Leroy
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Andy Marc
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | | | - Jean-Marc Di Meglio
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
- Centre d’Investigations en Médecine du Sport (CIMS), Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Amino acid and lipid associated plasma metabolomic patterns are related to healthspan indicators with ageing. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1765-1777. [PMID: 29914938 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with impairments in numerous physiological systems, leading to an increased risk of chronic disease and disability, and reduced healthspan (the period of high functioning healthy life). The plasma metabolome is thought to reflect changes in the activity of physiological systems that influence healthspan. Accordingly, we utilized an LC-MS metabolomics analysis of plasma collected from healthy young and older individuals to characterize global changes in small molecule abundances with age. Using a weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), similarly expressed metabolites were grouped into modules that were related to indicators of healthspan, including clinically relevant markers of morphology (body mass index, body fat, and lean mass), cardiovascular health (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, endothelial function), renal function (glomerular filtration rate), and maximal aerobic exercise capacity in addition to conventional clinical blood markers (e.g. fasting glucose and lipids). Investigation of metabolic classes represented within each module revealed that amino acid and lipid metabolism as significantly associated with age and indicators of healthspan. Further LC-MS/MS targeted analyses of the same samples were used to identify specific metabolites related to age and indicators of healthspan, including methionine and nitric oxide pathways, fatty acids, and ceramides. Overall, these results demonstrate that plasma metabolomics profiles in general, and amino acid and lipid metabolism in particular, are associated with ageing and indicators of healthspan in healthy adults.
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Exercise prevents impaired autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11818. [PMID: 30087400 PMCID: PMC6081439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased proteolytic activity has been widely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. However, elevated proteolysis is also critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by disposing cytotoxic proteins and non-functioning organelles. We recently demonstrated that exercise activates autophagy and re-establishes proteostasis in cardiac diseases. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy induced by sciatic nerve constriction in rats. Neurogenic myopathy, characterized by progressive atrophy and impaired contractility, was paralleled by accumulation of autophagy-related markers and loss of acute responsiveness to both colchicine and chloroquine. These changes were correlated with elevated levels of damaged proteins, chaperones and pro-apoptotic markers compared to control animals. Sustained autophagy inhibition using chloroquine in rats (50 mg.kg-1.day-1) or muscle-specific deletion of Atg7 in mice was sufficient to impair muscle contractility in control but not in neurogenic myopathy, suggesting that dysfunctional autophagy is critical in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Finally, 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training (moderate treadmill running, 5x/week, 1 h/day) prior to neurogenic myopathy improved skeletal muscle autophagic flux and proteostasis. These changes were followed by spared muscle mass and better contractility properties. Taken together, our findings suggest the potential value of exercise in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and slowing down the progression of neurogenic myopathy.
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Muscle morphology and performance in master athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:62-82. [PMID: 29715523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which chronic exercise training preserves age-related decrements in physical function, muscle strength, mass and morphology is unclear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine to what extent chronically trained master athletes (strength/power and endurance) preserve levels of physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass and morphology in older age, compared with older and younger controls and young trained individuals. METHODS The systematic data search included Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. INCLUSION CRITERIA i) master athletes mean exercise training duration ≥20 years ii) master athletes mean age of cohort >59 years) iii) at least one measurement of muscle mass/volume/fibre-type morphology and/or strength/physical function. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were carried out on maximal aerobic capacity, maximal voluntary contraction and body composition. Master endurance athletes (42.0 ± 6.6 ml kg-1 min-1) exhibited VO2max values comparable with young healthy controls (43.1 ± 6.8 ml kg-1 min-1, P = .84), greater than older controls (27.1 ± 4.3 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01) and master strength/power athletes (26.5 ± 2.3 mlkg-1 min-1, P < 0.01), and lower than young endurance trained individuals (60.0 ± 5.4 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01). Master strength/power athletes (0.60 (0.28-0.93) P < 0.01) and young controls (0.71 (0.06-1.36) P < 0.05) were significantly stronger compared with the other groups. Body fat% was greater in master endurance athletes than young endurance trained (-4.44% (-8.44 to -0.43) P < 0.05) but lower compared with older controls (7.11% (5.70-8.52) P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite advancing age, this review suggests that chronic exercise training preserves physical function, muscular strength and body fat levels similar to that of young, healthy individuals in an exercise mode-specific manner.
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Seals DR, Brunt VE, Rossman MJ. Keynote lecture: strategies for optimal cardiovascular aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H183-H188. [PMID: 29652545 PMCID: PMC6139621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the opening keynote presentation overview of the American Physiological Society Conference on Cardiovascular Aging: New Frontiers and Old Friends held in Westminster, CO, in August 2017. Age is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Without effective intervention, future increases in the number of older adults will translate to a greater prevalence of CVDs and related disorders. Advancing age increases the risk of CVDs partly via direct effects on the heart and through increases in blood pressure; however, much of the risk is mediated by vascular dysfunction, including large elastic artery stiffening and both macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Although excessive superoxide-related oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation are the major processes driving cardiovascular aging, the upstream mechanisms involved represent new frontiers of investigation and potential therapeutic targets. Lifestyle practices, including aerobic exercise, energy intake (caloric) restriction, and healthy diet composition, are the most evidence-based strategies (old friends) for optimal cardiovascular aging, but adherence is poor in some groups. Healthy lifestyle "mimicking" approaches, including novel forms of physical training, intermittent fasting paradigms, exercise/healthy diet-inspired nutraceuticals (functional foods and natural supplements), as well as controlled environmental stress exposure (e.g., heat therapy), may hold promise but are unproven. Mitigating the adverse effects of aging on cardiovascular function and health is a high biomedical priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
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147
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Franzke B, Neubauer O, Cameron-Smith D, Wagner KH. Dietary Protein, Muscle and Physical Function in the Very Old. Nutrients 2018; 10:E935. [PMID: 30037048 PMCID: PMC6073115 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate as to the optimal protein intake in older adults. An increasing body of experimental studies on skeletal muscle protein metabolism as well as epidemiological data suggest that protein requirements with ageing might be greater than many current dietary recommendations. Importantly, none of the intervention studies in this context specifically investigated very old individuals. Data on the fastest growing age group of the oldest old (aged 85 years and older) is very limited. In this review, we examine the current evidence on protein intake for preserving muscle mass, strength and function in older individuals, with emphasis on data in the very old. Available observational data suggest beneficial effects of a higher protein intake with physical function in the oldest old. Whilst, studies estimating protein requirements in old and very old individuals based on whole-body measurements, show no differences between these sub-populations of elderly. However, small sample sizes preclude drawing firm conclusions. Experimental studies that compared muscle protein synthetic (MPS) responses to protein ingestion in young and old adults suggest that a higher relative protein intake is required to maximally stimulate skeletal muscle MPS in the aged. Although, data on MPS responses to protein ingestion in the oldest old are currently lacking. Collectively, the data reviewed for this article support the concept that there is a close interaction of physical activity, diet, function and ageing. An attractive hypothesis is that regular physical activity may preserve and even enhance the responsiveness of ageing skeletal muscle to protein intake, until very advanced age. More research involving study participants particularly aged ≥85 years is warranted to better investigate and determine protein requirements in this specific growing population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Franzke
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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148
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Santos-Parker JR, Lubieniecki KL, Rossman MJ, Van Ark HJ, Bassett CJ, Strahler TR, Chonchol MB, Justice JN, Seals DR. Curcumin supplementation and motor-cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2018; 4:323-333. [PMID: 29951592 PMCID: PMC6004902 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest curcumin is a promising nutraceutical for improving important clinical and physiological markers of healthy aging, including motor and cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To determine if curcumin supplementation improves motor and cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. METHODS 39 healthy men and postmenopausal women (45-74 yrs) were randomized to 12 weeks of placebo (n = 19) or curcumin supplementation (2000 mg/day Longvida®; n = 20) with motor and cognitive function assessed at week 0 and 12. RESULTS Using measures of the NIH Toolbox and other standardized tests, there were no changes in muscle strength and rate of torque development, dexterity, fatigability, mobility, endurance, and balance between the placebo and curcumin groups after 12 weeks (all P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no changes after 12 weeks of placebo and curcumin supplementation in measures of fluid cognitive ability, a cognitive domain that declines with age, including processing speed, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory (all P > 0.3). There were marginal changes in language, a measure of crystallized cognitive ability that is stable with age, following the intervention, wherein reading decoding increased 3% in the curcumin group (post: 2428±35 vs. pre: 2357±34, P = 0.003), but was unchanged in the placebo group (post: 2334±39 vs. pre: 2364±40, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Overall, 12 weeks of curcumin supplementation does not improve motor and cognitive functions in healthy middle-aged and older adults. It is possible that curcumin may enhance these functions in groups with greater baseline impairments than those studied here, including adults greater than 75 years of age and/or patients with clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hannah J. Van Ark
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Candace J. Bassett
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Talia R. Strahler
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michel B. Chonchol
- Medicine (Renal Diseases and Hypertension), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie N. Justice
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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149
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Maestrini D, Abler D, Adhikarla V, Armenian S, Branciamore S, Carlesso N, Kuo YH, Marcucci G, Sahoo P, Rockne RC. Aging in a Relativistic Biological Space-Time. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:55. [PMID: 29896473 PMCID: PMC5986934 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a theoretical and mathematical perspective on the process of aging. We extend the concepts of physical space and time to an abstract, mathematically-defined space, which we associate with a concept of “biological space-time” in which biological dynamics may be represented. We hypothesize that biological dynamics, represented as trajectories in biological space-time, may be used to model and study different rates of biological aging. As a consequence of this hypothesis, we show how dilation or contraction of time analogous to relativistic corrections of physical time resulting from accelerated or decelerated biological dynamics may be used to study precipitous or protracted aging. We show specific examples of how these principles may be used to model different rates of aging, with an emphasis on cancer in aging. We discuss how this theory may be tested or falsified, as well as novel concepts and implications of this theory that may improve our interpretation of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maestrini
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Abler
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Saro Armenian
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,City of Hope, National Medical Center, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,City of Hope, National Medical Center, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,City of Hope, National Medical Center, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Prativa Sahoo
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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150
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Makwana K, Patel SA, Velingkaar N, Ebron JS, Shukla GC, Kondratov RVKV. Aging and calorie restriction regulate the expression of miR-125a-5p and its target genes Stat3, Casp2 and Stard13. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1825-1843. [PMID: 28783714 PMCID: PMC5559175 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention known to delay aging. In order, to understand molecular mechanisms of CR, we analyzed the expression of 983 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver of female mice after 2 years of 30% CR using micro-array. 16 miRNAs demonstrated significant changes in their expression upon CR in comparison with age-matched control. mmu-miR-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) was significantly upregulated upon CR, and in agreement with this, the expression of mRNAs for its three predicted target genes: Stat3, Casp2, and Stard13 was significantly downregulated in the liver of CR animals. The expression of precursor miRNA for miR-125a-5p was also upregulated upon CR, which suggests its regulation at the level of transcription. Upon aging miR-125a-5p expression was downregulated while the expression of its target genes was upregulated. Thus, CR prevented age-associated changes in the expression of miR-125a-5p and its targets. We propose that miR-125a-5p dependent downregulation of Stat3, Casp2, and Stard13 contributes to the calorie restriction-mediated delay of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Makwana
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Sonal Arvind Patel
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Nikkhil Velingkaar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Jey Sabith Ebron
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov V Kondratov
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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