101
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Kandasamy P, Zlobec I, Nydegger DT, Pujol-Giménez J, Bhardwaj R, Shirasawa S, Tsunoda T, Hediger MA. Oncogenic KRAS mutations enhance amino acid uptake by colorectal cancer cells via the hippo signaling effector YAP1. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2782-2800. [PMID: 34003553 PMCID: PMC8486573 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations develop unique metabolic dependencies on nutrients to support tumor metabolism and cell proliferation. In particular, KRAS mutant cancer cells exploit amino acids (AAs) such as glutamine and leucine, to accelerate energy metabolism, redox balance through glutathione synthesis and macromolecule biosynthesis. However, the identities of the amino acid transporters (AATs) that are prominently upregulated in KRAS mutant cancer cells, and the mechanism regulating their expression have not yet been systematically investigated. Here, we report that the majority of the KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells upregulate selected AATs (SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC38A2/SNAT2, and SLC1A5/ASCT2), which correlates with enhanced uptake of AAs such as glutamine and leucine. Consistently, knockdown of oncogenic KRAS downregulated the expression of AATs, thereby decreasing the levels of amino acids taken up by CRC cells. Moreover, overexpression of mutant KRAS upregulated the expression of AATs (SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC38A2/SNAT2, and SLC1A5/ASCT2) in KRAS wild-type CRC cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that the YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) transcriptional coactivator accounts for increased expression of AATs and mTOR activation in KRAS mutant CRC cells. Specific knockdown of AATs by shRNAs or pharmacological blockage of AATs effectively inhibited AA uptake, mTOR activation, and cell proliferation. Collectively, we conclude that oncogenic KRAS mutations enhance the expression of AATs via the hippo effector YAP1, leading to mTOR activation and CRC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Kandasamy
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian T Nydegger
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonai Pujol-Giménez
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajesh Bhardwaj
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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102
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Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates xCT stability through persulfidation of OTUB1 at cysteine 91 in colon cancer cells. Neoplasia 2021; 23:461-472. [PMID: 33878705 PMCID: PMC8081877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased xCT and transsulfuration pathway has been associated with metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer. However, the correlation between these 2 events and the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. xCT expression was determined in tissue microarrays of colorectal cancer. RNA sequencing and functional assays in vitro was adopted to delineate the involvement of transsulfuration pathway in the proper function of xCT in maintaining the chemoresistant phenotype. The synthetic lethality of blocking xCT and the transsulfuration pathway was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The up-regulation of the transsulfuration pathway after inhibiting xCT in colon cancer cells was evident and exogenous H2S partially reversed the loss of chemoresistance phenotype after inhibiting xCT. Mechanistically, CTH derived H2S increased the stability of xCT through persulfidation of OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 at cysteine 91. AOAA and Erastin resulted in synthetic lethality both in vitro and in vivo, which was mediated through increased ferroptosis and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that a reciprocal regulation exists between xCT and the transsulfuration pathway, which is a targetable metabolic vulnerability. Mechanistically, CTH derived H2S increased the stability of xCT through persulfidation of OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 at cysteine 91.
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103
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Tang R, Liu X, Wang W, Hua J, Xu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Liu J, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. Identification of the Roles of a Stemness Index Based on mRNA Expression in the Prognosis and Metabolic Reprograming of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643465. [PMID: 33912458 PMCID: PMC8071957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely thought to contribute to the dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CSCs share biological features with adult stem cells, such as longevity, self-renewal capacity, differentiation, drug resistance, and the requirement for a niche; these features play a decisive role in cancer progression. A prominent characteristic of PDAC is metabolic reprogramming, which provides sufficient nutrients to support rapid tumor cell growth. However, whether PDAC stemness is correlated with metabolic reprogramming remains unknown. Method RNA sequencing data of PDAC, including read counts and fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM), were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to calculate the relative activities of metabolic pathways in each PDAC sample. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression levels of genes of interest. Results The overall survival (OS) of patients with high mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) values was significantly worse than that of their counterparts with low mRNAsi values (P = 0.003). This survival disadvantage was independent of baseline clinical characteristics. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and GSEA showed that the differentially expressed genes between patients with high and low mRNAsi values were mainly enriched in oncogenic and metabolic pathways. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 8 independent gene modules that were significantly associated with mRNAsi and 12 metabolic pathways. Unsupervised clustering based on the key genes in each module identified two PDAC subgroups characterized by different mRNAsi values and metabolic activities. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 14 genes beneficial to OS from 95 key genes selected from the eight independent gene modules from WGCNA. Among them, MAGEH1, MAP3K3, and PODN were downregulated in both pancreatic tissues and cell lines. Conclusion The present study showed that PDAC samples with high mRNAsi values exhibited aberrant activation of multiple metabolic pathways, and the patients from whom these samples were obtained had a poor prognosis. Future studies are expected to investigate the underlying mechanism based on the crosstalk between PDAC stemness and metabolic rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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104
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Tang W, Guo J, Liu W, Ma J, Xu G. Ferrostatin-1 attenuates ferroptosis and protects the retina against light-induced retinal degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:27-34. [PMID: 33631670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, are serious diseases that may lead to irreversible retinal neuron damage and permanent vision impairment. There are currently no effective treatments for these diseases due to our incomplete understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent mode of cell death, is implicated in various diseases. However, it is unknown whether ferroptosis is involved in light-induced retinal degeneration. In this study, we found that light exposure significantly reduced the viability of photoreceptor cells in vitro and induced pro-ferroptotic changes, including iron accumulation, mitochondrial shrinkage, glutathione depletion, increased malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4. The effects of light exposure on ferroptosis were attenuated by ferrostatin-1. Consistently, the results of in vivo studies demonstrated that ferrostatin-1 protected against light-induced ferroptosis. And it exerted therapeutic effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation and prevented the effects of light exposure on the structure and function of the retina. The findings reveal an important role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of light-induced retinal degeneration and suggest that ferroptosis may be a novel treatment target for preventing retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Tang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingli Guo
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
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105
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Jiang P, Yang F, Zou C, Bao T, Wu M, Yang D, Bu S. The construction and analysis of a ferroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10396-10414. [PMID: 33819918 PMCID: PMC8064155 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology and diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify a ferroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for pancreatic cancer (PCa) by systematic analysis of transcriptional profiles from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Altogether 14 ferroptosis-relevant genes with potential prognostic values were identified, based on which a risk score formula was constructed. According to the risk scores, we classified the patients into a high- and a low-risk score group. It was verified in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) datasets. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with lower risk scores had significantly favorable overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for 12, 18 and 24 months was about 0.8 in all patients. The result of immune status analysis revealed that the signature significantly associated with the immune infiltration and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) proteins. In addition, we used quantitative real time PCR (q-rtPCR) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) to validate the expression of the key genes. Collectively, the signature is valuable for survival prediction of PCa patients. As the signature also has relevance with the immune characteristics, it may help improve the efficacy of personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shurui Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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106
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Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Conrad M. Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:266-282. [PMID: 33495651 PMCID: PMC8142022 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2688] [Impact Index Per Article: 896.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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107
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Wang H, Cheng Y, Mao C, Liu S, Xiao D, Huang J, Tao Y. Emerging mechanisms and targeted therapy of ferroptosis in cancer. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2185-2208. [PMID: 33794363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent form of programmed cell death that is distinct from other forms of regulatory cell death at the morphological, biological, and genetic levels. Emerging evidence suggests critical roles for ferroptosis in cell metabolism, the redox status, and various diseases, such as cancers, nervous system diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, with ferroptosis-related proteins. Ferroptosis is inhibited in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumor suppressor in cancer development, indicating that the regulation of ferroptosis can be utilized as an interventional target for tumor treatment. Small molecules and nanomaterials that reprogram cancer cells to undergo ferroptosis are considered effective drugs for cancer therapy. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular basis of ferroptosis, the suppressive effect of ferroptosis on tumors, the effect of ferroptosis on cellular metabolism and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and ferroptosis-inducing agents for tumor therapeutics. An understanding of the latest progress in ferroptosis could provide references for proposing new potential targets for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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108
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Meira W, Daher B, Parks SK, Cormerais Y, Durivault J, Tambutte E, Pouyssegur J, Vučetić M. A Cystine-Cysteine Intercellular Shuttle Prevents Ferroptosis in xCT KO Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061434. [PMID: 33801101 PMCID: PMC8004104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The xCT transporter of oxidized form of cysteine has been recognized as fundamental for cellular amino acid and redox homeostasis. Increasing number of data suggests that xCT inhibition-induced ferroptosis has great potential for development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics for pancreatic cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate potential resistance mechanisms that cancer cells with genetically disrupted xCT (xCTKO) may exploit in order to develop resistance to ferroptosis. Our data clearly showed that shuttle of reduced cysteine between cancer xCTKO and neighboring cells provide protection of the former. Importantly, this shuttle seems to be fueled by the import and reduction of oxidized cysteine by xCT-proficient feeder layer. In summary, two important findings are: (1) supply of the reduced cysteine has to be taken in consideration when xCT-based ferroptosis inducers are used, and (2) systemic inhibition of xCT could be potential approach in overcoming this resistant mechanism. Abstract In our previous study, we showed that a cystine transporter (xCT) plays a pivotal role in ferroptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells in vitro. However, in vivo xCTKO cells grew normally indicating that a mechanism exists to drastically suppress the ferroptotic phenotype. We hypothesized that plasma and neighboring cells within the tumor mass provide a source of cysteine to confer full ferroptosis resistance to xCTKO PDAC cells. To evaluate this hypothesis, we (co-) cultured xCTKO PDAC cells with different xCT-proficient cells or with their conditioned media. Our data unequivocally showed that the presence of a cysteine/cystine shuttle between neighboring cells is the mechanism that provides redox and nutrient balance, and thus ferroptotic resistance in xCTKO cells. Interestingly, although a glutathione shuttle between cells represents a good alternative hypothesis as a “rescue-mechanism”, our data clearly demonstrated that the xCTKO phenotype is suppressed even with conditioned media from cells lacking the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme. Furthermore, we demonstrated that prevention of lipid hydroperoxide accumulation in vivo is mediated by import of cysteine into xCTKO cells via several genetically and pharmacologically identified transporters (ASCT1, ASCT2, LAT1, SNATs). Collectively, these data highlight the importance of the tumor environment in the ferroptosis sensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Meira
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.M.); (B.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Boutaina Daher
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.M.); (B.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Scott Kenneth Parks
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Yann Cormerais
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jerome Durivault
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.M.); (B.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Eric Tambutte
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.M.); (B.D.); (J.D.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), University Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.M.); (B.D.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
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109
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Liu N, Zhang J, Yin M, Liu H, Zhang X, Li J, Yan B, Guo Y, Zhou J, Tao J, Hu S, Chen X, Peng C. Inhibition of xCT suppresses the efficacy of anti-PD-1/L1 melanoma treatment through exosomal PD-L1-induced macrophage M2 polarization. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2321-2334. [PMID: 33744468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells increase glutamate release through the cystine/glutamate transporter cystine-glutamate exchange (xCT) to balance oxidative homeostasis in tumor cells and promote tumor progression. Although clinical studies have shown the potential of targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling in melanoma, response rates are low. However, it remains unclear how glutamate metabolism affects anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficacy in melanoma. Here, we demonstrated that although inhibition of xCT either by pharmacological inhibitor (sulfasalazine [SAS]), approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for inflammatory diseases, or genetic knockdown induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related death in melanoma cells, inhibition of xCT significantly reduced the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade through upregulating PD-L1 expression via the transcription factors IRF4/EGR1, as a consequence, exosomes carrying relatively large amounts of PD-L1 secreted from melanoma cells resulted in M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in melanoma. Taken together, our results reveal that inhibition of xCT by SAS is a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma; on the other hand, SAS treatment blunted the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 via exosomal PD-L1-induced macrophage M2 polarization and eventually induced anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - JiangLin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jiaoduan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
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Thakur G, Kumar R, Kim SB, Lee SY, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Therapeutic Status and Available Strategies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020178. [PMID: 33670230 PMCID: PMC7916947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe and devastating cancer is pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the major pancreatic exocrine cancer with a poor prognosis and growing prevalence. It is the most deadly disease, with an overall five-year survival rate of 6% to 10%. According to various reports, it has been demonstrated that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are the main factor responsible for the tumor development, proliferation, resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and recurrence of tumors after surgery. PCSCs have encouraged new therapeutic methods to be explored that can specifically target cancer cells. Furthermore, stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are known as influential anti-cancer agents as they function through anti-inflammatory, paracrine, cytokines, and chemokine's action. The properties of MSCs, such as migration to the site of infection and host immune cell activation by its secretome, seem to control the microenvironment of the pancreatic tumor. MSCs secretome exhibits similar therapeutic advantages as a conventional cell-based therapy. Moreover, the potential for drug delivery could be enhanced by engineered MSCs to increase drug bioactivity and absorption at the tumor site. In this review, we have discussed available therapeutic strategies, treatment hurdles, and the role of different factors such as PCSCs, cysteine, GPCR, PKM2, signaling pathways, immunotherapy, and NK-based therapy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Thakur
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173 234, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Francescone R, Barbosa Vendramini-Costa D, Franco-Barraza J, Wagner J, Muir A, Lau AN, Gabitova L, Pazina T, Gupta S, Luong T, Rollins D, Malik R, Thapa RJ, Restifo D, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Hensley HH, Tan Y, Kruger WD, Devarajan K, Balachandran S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, El-Deiry WS, Vander Heiden MG, Peri S, Campbell KS, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Promotes Pancreatic Tumorigenesis through Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Driven Nutritional Support and Immunosuppression. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:446-479. [PMID: 33127842 PMCID: PMC7858242 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor 5-year survival rate and lacks effective therapeutics. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify new targets. Using multiplex data from patient tissue, three-dimensional coculturing in vitro assays, and orthotopic murine models, we identified Netrin G1 (NetG1) as a promoter of PDAC tumorigenesis. We found that NetG1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) support PDAC survival, through a NetG1-mediated effect on glutamate/glutamine metabolism. Also, NetG1+ CAFs are intrinsically immunosuppressive and inhibit natural killer cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. These protumor functions are controlled by a signaling circuit downstream of NetG1, which is comprised of AKT/4E-BP1, p38/FRA1, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and glutamine synthetase. Finally, blocking NetG1 with a neutralizing antibody stunts in vivo tumorigenesis, suggesting NetG1 as potential target in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a fibroblastic protein, NetG1, which can limit PDAC tumorigenesis in vivo by reverting the protumorigenic properties of CAFs. Moreover, inhibition of metabolic proteins in CAFs altered their immunosuppressive capacity, linking metabolism with immunomodulatory function.See related commentary by Sherman, p. 230.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Francescone
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linara Gabitova
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dustin Rollins
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roshan J Thapa
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Restifo
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zhou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Genomics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Liu MR, Zhu WT, Pei DS. System Xc -: a key regulatory target of ferroptosis in cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1123-1131. [PMID: 33506324 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of oxidative stress-dependent regulated necrosis characterized by excessive lipid peroxide accumulation. This novel cell death modality has been implicated in preventing cancer progression. Cancer cells tend to modulate their redox state to prevent excessive peroxidation, eventually facilitating tumor growth. System Xc- (a cystine/glutamate antiporter system) is a promising target in cancer cells for ferroptosis induction. The overexpression of system Xc-, especially its core subunit xCT, has been reported in several tumors, and these high expression levels were closely related to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and the tumor microenvironment. xCT might serve as a novel biomarker, and its upregulation almost always indicates drug tolerance and poor survival. Therefore, system Xc- inhibition may enhance chemotherapy sensitivity and optimize patient prognosis. Here, we elaborate on the mediation of ferroptosis by suppressing system Xc- and the relevant underlying molecular mechanism in cancer cells. The spotlight on this approach to cancer treatment is creating a new horizon and pointing to future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ru Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
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Kahya U, Köseer AS, Dubrovska A. Amino Acid Transporters on the Guard of Cell Genome and Epigenome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E125. [PMID: 33401748 PMCID: PMC7796306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is driven by metabolic reprogramming. Oncogenic mutations and epigenetic alterations that cause metabolic rewiring may also upregulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Precise regulation of the intracellular ROS levels is critical for tumor cell growth and survival. High ROS production leads to the damage of vital macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, causing genomic instability and further tumor evolution. One of the hallmarks of cancer metabolism is deregulated amino acid uptake. In fast-growing tumors, amino acids are not only the source of energy and building intermediates but also critical regulators of redox homeostasis. Amino acid uptake regulates the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response signaling, mTOR-mediated antioxidant defense, and epigenetic adaptations of tumor cells to oxidative stress. This review summarizes the role of amino acid transporters as the defender of tumor antioxidant system and genome integrity and discusses them as promising therapeutic targets and tumor imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Kahya
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (A.S.K.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ayşe Sedef Köseer
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (A.S.K.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (A.S.K.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Santana-Codina N, Gikandi A, Mancias JD. The Role of NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy in Ferroptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1301:41-57. [PMID: 34370287 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is a selective cargo receptor that mediates the autophagic degradation of ferritin, the cytosolic iron storage complex, in a process known as ferritinophagy. NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is required to maintain intracellular and systemic iron homeostasis and thereby iron-dependent physiologic processes such as erythropoiesis. Given this role of ferritinophagy in regulating iron homeostasis, modulating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagic flux alters sensitivity to ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death triggered by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A role for ferroptosis has been established in the pathophysiology of cancer and neurodegeneration; however, the importance of ferritinophagy in these pathologies remains largely unknown. Here, we review the available evidence on biochemical regulation of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and its role in modulating sensitivity to innate and induced ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Finally, we evaluate the potential of modulating ferritinophagy in combination with ferroptosis inducers as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajami Gikandi
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cormerais Y, Vučetić M, Parks SK, Pouyssegur J. Amino Acid Transporters Are a Vital Focal Point in the Control of mTORC1 Signaling and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E23. [PMID: 33375025 PMCID: PMC7792758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals from growth factors and nutrients to control biosynthetic processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleic acid synthesis. Dysregulation in the mTORC1 network underlies a wide array of pathological states, including metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Tumor cells are characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation due to a reduced dependency on exogenous growth factors. The genetic events underlying this property, such as mutations in the PI3K-Akt and Ras-Erk signaling networks, lead to constitutive activation of mTORC1 in nearly all human cancer lineages. Aberrant activation of mTORC1 has been shown to play a key role for both anabolic tumor growth and resistance to targeted therapeutics. While displaying a growth factor-independent mTORC1 activity and proliferation, tumors cells remain dependent on exogenous nutrients such as amino acids (AAs). AAs are an essential class of nutrients that are obligatory for the survival of any cell. Known as the building blocks of proteins, AAs also act as essential metabolites for numerous biosynthetic processes such as fatty acids, membrane lipids and nucleotides synthesis, as well as for maintaining redox homeostasis. In most tumor types, mTORC1 activity is particularly sensitive to intracellular AA levels. This dependency, therefore, creates a targetable vulnerability point as cancer cells become dependent on AA transporters to sustain their homeostasis. The following review will discuss the role of AA transporters for mTORC1 signaling in cancer cells and their potential as therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Cormerais
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (M.V.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Scott K. Parks
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (M.V.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (M.V.); (S.K.P.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, Faculté de Médecine (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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Molecular and Metabolic Subtypes Correspondence for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Classification. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124128. [PMID: 33371431 PMCID: PMC7767410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer, is an extremely lethal disease due to late diagnosis, aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Considering its intrinsic heterogeneity, patient stratification models based on transcriptomic and genomic signatures, with partially overlapping subgroups, have been established. Besides molecular alterations, PDAC tumours show a strong desmoplastic response, resulting in profound metabolic reprogramming involving increased glucose and amino acid consumption, as well as lipid scavenging and biosynthesis. Interestingly, recent works have also revealed the existence of metabolic subtypes with differential prognosis within PDAC, which correlated to defined molecular subclasses in patients: lipogenic subtype correlated with a classical/progenitor signature, while glycolytic tumours associated with the highly aggressive basal/squamous profile. Bioinformatic analyses have demonstrated that the representative genes of each metabolic subtype are up-regulated in PDAC samples and predict patient survival. This suggests a relationship between the genetic signature, metabolic profile, and aggressiveness of the tumour. Considering all this, defining metabolic subtypes represents a clear opportunity for patient stratification considering tumour functional behaviour independently of their mutational background.
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Guillaumond F, Vasseur S. Nutriments et cancer : alliés ou ennemis ? CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2020; 55:276-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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118
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Ye Z, Zhuo Q, Hu Q, Xu X, Mengqi Liu, Zhang Z, Xu W, Liu W, Fan G, Qin Y, Yu X, Ji S. FBW7-NRA41-SCD1 axis synchronously regulates apoptosis and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101807. [PMID: 33271455 PMCID: PMC7710650 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FBW7 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting oncoproteins for degradation. Our previous study found FBW7 was low expressed in pancreatic cancer due to sustained activation of Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, which destabilized FBW7 by phosphorylating at Thr205. MicroPET/CT imaging results revealed that FBW7 substantially decreased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in xenograft tumors. Mechanistically, FBW7 inhibited glucose metabolism via c-Myc/TXNIP axis. But in these studies, we observed FBW7 down-regulated genes were widely involved in redox reaction and lipid metabolism. Here we reanalyzed previous gene expression profiling and conducted targeted cell metabolites analysis. Results revealed that FBW7 regulated lipid peroxidation and promoted ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death. Mechanistically, we found FBW7 inhibited the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) via inhibiting nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1). SCD1 was reported to inhibit both ferroptosis and apoptosis, which was consistent with the function of FBW7 and NR4A1, another FBW7 down-regulated gene in the gene expression profiling. Moreover, FBW7 potentiated cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine via activating ferroptosis and apoptosis. Combination ferroptosis inducers and apoptosis activators could also significantly potentiated cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, our findings might provide new strategies for the comprehensive treatment of pancreatic cancer. Ferroptosis possesses great potential in pancreatic cancer therapy. FBW7 synchronously induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Activation of apoptosis and ferroptosis potentiates cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo L, Zhang T, Wang F, Chen X, Xu H, Zhou C, Chen M, Yu F, Wang S, Yang D, Wu B. Targeted inhibition of Rev-erb-α/β limits ferroptosis to ameliorate folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:328-345. [PMID: 33068011 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and critical illness, resulting in severe morbidity and a high mortality. There is a considerable interest in identifying novel molecular targets for management of AKI. We investigated the potential role of the circadian clock components Rev-erb-α/β in regulation of ferroptosis and AKI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AKI model was established by treating mice with folic acid. Regulatory effects of Rev-erb-α/β on AKI and ferroptosis were determined using single-gene knockout (Rev-erb-α-/- and Rev-erb-β-/- ) mice, incomplete double-knockout (icDKO, Rev-erb-α+/- Rev-erb-β-/- ) mice and cells with erastin-induced ferroptosis. Targeted antagonism of Rev-erb-α/β to alleviate AKI and ferroptosis was assessed using the small-molecule antagonist SR8278. Transcriptional gene regulation was investigated using luciferase reporter, mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. KEY RESULTS Loss of Rev-erb-α or Rev-erb-β reduced the sensitivity of mice to folic acid-induced AKI and eliminated the circadian time dependency in disease severity. This coincided with less extensive ferroptosis, a main cause of folic acid-induced AKI. Moreover, icDKO mice were more resistant to folic acid-induced AKI and ferroptosis as compared with single-gene knockout mice. Supporting this, targeting Rev-erb-α/β by SR8278 attenuated ferroptosis to ameliorate folic acid-induced AKI in mice. Rev-erb-α/β promoted ferroptosis by repressing the transcription of Slc7a11 and HO1 (two ferroptosis-inhibitory genes) via direct binding to a RORE cis-element. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Targeted inhibition of Rev-erb-α/β limits ferroptosis to ameliorate folic acid-induced AKI in mice. The findings may have implications for improved understanding of circadian clock-controlled ferroptosis and for formulating new strategies to treat AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxia Guo
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen YC, Oses-Prieto JA, Pope LE, Burlingame AL, Dixon SJ, Renslo AR. Reactivity-Based Probe of the Iron(II)-Dependent Interactome Identifies New Cellular Modulators of Ferroptosis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19085-19093. [PMID: 33124817 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death resulting from loss or inhibition of cellular machinery that protects from the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Ferroptosis likely serves a tumor suppressing function in normal cellular homeostasis, but certain cancers exploit and become highly dependent on specific nodes of the pathway, presumably to survive under conditions of increased oxidative stress and elevated labile ferrous iron levels. Here we introduce Ferroptosis Inducing Peroxide for Chemoproteomics-1 (FIPC-1), a reactivity-based probe that couples Fenton-type reaction with ferrous iron to subsequent protein labeling via concomitant carbon-centered radical generation. We show that FIPC-1 induces ferroptosis in susceptible cell types and labels cellular proteins in an iron-dependent fashion. Use of FIPC-1 in a quantitative chemoproteomics workflow reproducibly enriched protein targets in the thioredoxin, oxidoreductase, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) families, among others. In further interrogating the saturable targets of FIPC-1, we identified the PDI family member P4HB and the functionally uncharacterized protein NT5DC2, a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily, as previously unrecognized modulators of ferroptosis. Knockdown of these target genes sensitized cells to known ferroptosis inducers, while PACMA31, a previously reported inhibitor of P4HB, directly induced ferroptosis and was highly synergistic with erastin. Overall, this study introduces a new reactivity-based probe of the ferrous iron-dependent interactome and uncovers new targets for the therapeutic modulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Lauren E Pope
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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Zhou RP, Chen Y, Wei X, Yu B, Xiong ZG, Lu C, Hu W. Novel insights into ferroptosis: Implications for age-related diseases. Theranostics 2020; 10:11976-11997. [PMID: 33204324 PMCID: PMC7667696 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid increase in aging populations is an urgent problem because older adults are more likely to suffer from disabilities and age-related diseases (ARDs), burdening healthcare systems and society in general. ARDs are characterized by the progressive deterioration of tissues and organs over time, eventually leading to tissue and organ failure. To date, there are no effective interventions to prevent the progression of ARDs. Hence, there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is linked to normal development and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence, however, has highlighted crucial roles for ferroptosis in ARDs, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we a) summarize initiation, regulatory mechanisms, and molecular signaling pathways involved in ferroptosis, b) discuss the direct and indirect involvement of the activation and/or inhibition of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of some important diseases, and c) highlight therapeutic targets relevant for ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
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Gao M, Liu H, Xiao Y, Guo Y, Wan X, Li X, Li M, Liang J, Zhai Y, Liu W, Jiang M, Luo X, Sun X. xCT regulates redox homeostasis and promotes photoreceptor survival after retinal detachment. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:32-43. [PMID: 32679366 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Photoreceptor degeneration underlies various retinal disorders that lead to vision impairment. Currently, no effective medication is available to rescue photoreceptors under disease conditions. Elucidation of the molecular pathways involved in photoreceptor degeneration is a prerequisite for the rational design of therapeutic interventions. Photoreceptors are among the most energy-demanding tissues that require highly active oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, disruption of metabolic support to photoreceptors results in a redox imbalance and subsequent cell death. We hypothesize that the redox regulatory pathway could be a potential therapeutic target to rescue photoreceptors under disease conditions. METHODS Experimental retinal detachment was induced in mice. A murine photoreceptor-derived 661w cell line treated with H2O2 was employed as an in vitro model to study the cellular response to oxidative stress. The expression and functional role of xCT, an upstream regulator of redox homeostasis, was assessed in vivo and in vitro. An xCT expression vector was constructed for an in vivo study to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this molecule. RESULTS xCT expression was upregulated in detached retina and H2O2-stimulated 661w cells compared to the control cells. Pharmacological inhibition of xCT by sulfasalazine (SAS) promoted photoreceptor degeneration after retinal detachment and 661w cell death upon H2O2 treatment. Additionally, SAS treatment induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) accumulation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and glutamate release in 661w cells. In contrast, xCT overexpression via viral infection protected photoreceptors from degeneration after retinal detachment. CONCLUSION We conclude that xCT expression is upregulated in photoreceptors after retinal detachment and plays a neuroprotective role in preserving photoreceptors. Mechanistically, xCT promotes cellular homeostasis by regulating intracellular ROS and GSH levels, which are critical to photoreceptor survival after retinal detachment. Collectively, our findings identify xCT as a potential therapeutic target for protection of photoreceptors under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinong Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 200080, Shanghai, China.
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123
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Cystine transporter SLC7A11/xCT in cancer: ferroptosis, nutrient dependency, and cancer therapy. Protein Cell 2020; 12:599-620. [PMID: 33000412 PMCID: PMC8310547 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 982] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (also commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis and antioxidant defense and is overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Recent studies revealed that SLC7A11 overexpression promotes tumor growth partly through suppressing ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death induced by excessive lipid peroxidation. However, cancer cells with high expression of SLC7A11 (SLC7A11high) also have to endure the significant cost associated with SLC7A11-mediated metabolic reprogramming, leading to glucose- and glutamine-dependency in SLC7A11high cancer cells, which presents potential metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting in SLC7A11high cancer. In this review, we summarize diverse regulatory mechanisms of SLC7A11 in cancer, discuss ferroptosis-dependent and -independent functions of SLC7A11 in promoting tumor development, explore the mechanistic basis of SLC7A11-induced nutrient dependency in cancer cells, and conceptualize therapeutic strategies to target SLC7A11 in cancer treatment. This review will provide the foundation for further understanding SLC7A11 in ferroptosis, nutrient dependency, and tumor biology and for developing novel effective cancer therapies.
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124
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Xu R, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Yang G, Chen Y, You L, Zhao Y. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572722. [PMID: 33117704 PMCID: PMC7550743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. Energy metabolism reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer. In addition to well-elaborated enhanced glycolysis, investigating the role of reprogramming of amino acid metabolism has sparked great interests in recent years. The rewiring amino acid metabolism orchestrated by genetic alterations contributes to pancreatic cancer malignant characteristics including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and redox balance. In the unique hypoperfused and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment (TME), the interactions between cancer cells and stromal components and salvaging processes including autophagy and macropinocytosis play critical roles in fulfilling the metabolic requirements and supporting growth of PDAC. In this review, we elucidate the recent advances in the amino acid metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms of amino acid metabolism regulating PDAC progression, which will provide opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu Y, Yu C, Luo M, Cen C, Qiu J, Zhang S, Hu K. Ferroptosis in Cancer Treatment: Another Way to Rome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571127. [PMID: 33102227 PMCID: PMC7546896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly described type of programmed cell death and intensively related to both maintaining homeostasis and the development of diseases, especially cancers. Inducing ferroptosis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic lipid peroxidation in cells, which plays a pivotal role in suppressing cancer growth and progression. Here, we reviewed the existing studies about the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in different antitumor treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. We focused in particular on the distinct combinatorial therapeutic effects such as the synergistic sensitization effect and the drug-resistance reversal achieved when using ferroptosis inducers with conventional cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis. The application of nanotechnolgy and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jili Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaimin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Together we stand, apart we fall: how cell-to-cell contact/interplay provides resistance to ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:789. [PMID: 32968052 PMCID: PMC7511929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contextualisation of the new type of cell death called “ferroptosis” opened a completely new avenue for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Cumulative fundamental research dating back to the mid-20th century, crowned by the extraordinary work of the group led by Dr. Stockwell from Columbia University in 2012, finally got its candidature to be applied in the clinical settings. Although the potential for clinical importance is undoubtedly growing every day, as showed by the increasing number of papers dealing with ferroptosis and its applications, long experience of cancer research and treatment taught us that caution is still necessary. The plasticity of the tumour cells, particularly acute, along with its involvement in the resistance mechanisms, that have been seen, to greater or lesser extent, for almost all currently used therapies, represents the biggest fascinations in biomedical research field and also the biggest challenge to achieving cures in cancer patients. Accordingly, the main features of fundamental research have to be vigilance and anticipation. In this review, we tried to summarize the literature data, accumulated in the past couple of years, which point out the pitfalls in which “ferroptosis inducers” can fall if used prematurely in the clinical settings, but at the same time can provide a great advantage in the exhausting battle with cancer resistance. This is the first comprehensive review focusing on the effects of the cell-to-cell contact/interplay in the development of resistance to ferroptosis, while the contribution of cell-born factors has been summarized previously so here we just listed them.
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Yang L, Guo J, Yu N, Liu Y, Song H, Niu J, Gu Y. Tocilizumab mimotope alleviates kidney injury and fibrosis by inhibiting IL-6 signaling and ferroptosis in UUO model. Life Sci 2020; 261:118487. [PMID: 32979361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previously we identified four Tocilizumab mimotopes and antibodies induced by these mimotopes could bind to IL-6R (interleukin-6 receptor) and regulate the downstream signaling pathways. On the basis of obtained research data, we sought to investigate whether the therapeutic strategies by Tocilizumab mimotope vaccination could be effective in the renal fibrosis model and show the desired activity by inhibiting IL-6 signaling in current study. MAIN METHODS We immunized the mice with the Tocilizumab mimotope and then performed the unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) surgery. Masson-trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the renal fibrosis. The activations and differentiations of F4/80+ cells in the spleens and kidneys were detected by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Signaling pathways involved IL-6, pro-fibrotic and ferroptosis were analyzed by immunoblot assay. The free iron and lipid oxidation end product were performed by Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemistry. The injury and apoptosis in the kidneys were evaluated by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS The results showed the mimotope vaccination could reduce the level of fibrosis, injury and apoptosis by down-regulating the pro-fibrotic proteins, alleviating the activations and differentiations of macrophage F4/80+ cells in UUO models. IL-6/ERK signaling pathway was inhibited with the mimotope vaccination. The ferroptosis inhibited proteins significantly increased after the mimotope vaccination. On the contrary, the levels of free iron and lipid oxidation end product were observed to decrease in the mimotope treatment group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that the Tocilizumab mimotope vaccination might be an alternative therapy to against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kuang F, Liu J, Tang D, Kang R. Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense in Ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586578. [PMID: 33043019 PMCID: PMC7527737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new types of regulated cell death have been recently implicated in human health and disease. These regulated cell deaths have different morphological, genetic, biochemical, and functional hallmarks. Ferroptosis was originally described as a carcinogenic RAS-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, and is now defined as a type of regulated necrosis characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Multiple oxidative and antioxidant systems, acting together autophagy machinery, shape the process of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis. In particular, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that depends on the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain promotes lipid peroxidation by lipoxygenase (ALOX) or cytochrome P450 reductase (POR). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system limits oxidative damage during ferroptosis. These antioxidant processes are further transcriptionally regulated by nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2), whereas membrane repair during ferroptotic damage requires the activation of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III. A further understanding of the process and function of ferroptosis may provide precise treatment strategies for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Liu J, Xia X, Huang P. xCT: A Critical Molecule That Links Cancer Metabolism to Redox Signaling. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2358-2366. [PMID: 32931751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
System xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter, composed of a light-chain subunit (xCT, SLC7A11) and a heavy-chain subunit (CD98hc, SLC3A2), is mainly responsible for the cellular uptake of cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate. In recent years, the xCT molecule has been found to play an important role in tumor growth, progression, metastasis, and multidrug resistance in various types of cancer. Interestingly, xCT also exhibits an essential function in regulating tumor-associated ferroptosis. Despite significant progress in targeting the system xc- transporter in cancer treatment, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. It is also unclear why solid tumors are more sensitive to xCT inhibitors such as sulfasalazine, as compared to hematological malignancies. This review mainly focuses on the role of xCT cystine/glutamate transporter in regard to tumor growth, chemoresistance, tumor-selective ferroptosis, and the mechanisms regulating xCT gene expression. The potential therapeutic implications of targeting the system xc- and its combination with chemotherapeutic agents or immunotherapy to suppress tumor growth and overcome drug resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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130
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Bröer S. Amino Acid Transporters as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Why, Where, When, and How. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176156. [PMID: 32859034 PMCID: PMC7503255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable for the growth of cancer cells. This includes essential amino acids, the carbon skeleton of which cannot be synthesized, and conditionally essential amino acids, for which the metabolic demands exceed the capacity to synthesize them. Moreover, amino acids are important signaling molecules regulating metabolic pathways, protein translation, autophagy, defense against reactive oxygen species, and many other functions. Blocking uptake of amino acids into cancer cells is therefore a viable strategy to reduce growth. A number of studies have used genome-wide silencing or knock-out approaches, which cover all known amino acid transporters in a large variety of cancer cell lines. In this review, these studies are interrogated together with other databases to identify vulnerabilities with regard to amino acid transport. Several themes emerge, such as synthetic lethality, reduced redundancy, and selective vulnerability, which can be exploited to stop cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
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131
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Liu L, Liu R, Liu Y, Li G, Chen Q, Liu X, Ma S. Cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT as a therapeutic target for cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:174-179. [PMID: 32749001 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystine/glutamic acid reverse transporter (System Xc - ), a member of the amino acid transporter family, consists of two subunits, light chain xCT and heavy chain 4F2hc. xCT is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthetic, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Studies have confirmed that xCT is highly expressed in a variety of tumour and is associated with tumour proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and ferroptosis, and can be used as a potential target for tumour treatment. This review provides insights into the biological effects of xCT and contribute to the development of new xCT-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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132
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Kou L, Sun R, Jiang X, Lin X, Huang H, Bao S, Zhang Y, Li C, Chen R, Yao Q. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive, Multistaged Liposome Induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis by Amplifying Oxidative Stress for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30031-30043. [PMID: 32459093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells usually display metabolic, genetic, and microenvironment-related alterations, which are beneficial to tumor proliferation, tumor development, and resistance occurrence. Many transporters and enzymes, including ATB0,+, xCT, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are involved in the altered cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment and often abnormally upregulated in malignant tumors. Meanwhile, these dysregulated transporters and enzymes provide targets not only for a pharmacological blockage to suppress tumor progress but also for tumor-specific delivery. Although transporters and MMPs have been widely reported for antitumor drug delivery, the feasibility of utilizing two strategies has never been elucidated yet. Herein, we developed an MMP2-activated and ATB0,+-targeted liposome with doxorubicin and sorafenib (DS@MA-LS) loaded for optimal tumor drug delivery for cancer therapy. DS@MA-LS was designed to prolong blood circulation and deshield the PEG shell from MMP2 cleavage to expose lysine and target overexpressed ATB0,+ for enhanced tumor distribution and cancer cellular uptake. Besides the anticancer effects of loaded drugs, the endocytosed liposomes could further increase ROS production and suppress the antioxidant system to amplify oxidative stress. As expected, DS@MA-LS displayed enhanced targeted drug delivery to tumor sites with the MMP2-controlled ligand exposure and ATB0,+-mediated uptake. More importantly, DS@MA-LS successfully inhibited the tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by enhancing apoptosis and ferroptosis, which thanks to the increased ROS generation and impaired GSH synthesis synergistically amplified oxidative stress. Our results suggested that the tumor microenvironment-responsive, multistaged nanoplatform, DS@MA-LS, has excellent potential for optimal drug delivery and enhanced cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shihui Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Youting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chao Li
- Scientific Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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133
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Cormerais Y, Vucetic M, Pouysségur J. Targeting amino acids transporters (SLCs) to starve cancer cells to death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 520:691-693. [PMID: 31761081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Cormerais
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Milica Vucetic
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco; University Côte d'Azur, (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France.
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134
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Li D, Li Y. The interaction between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:108. [PMID: 32606298 PMCID: PMC7327075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxides. Recent discoveries have focused on alterations that occur in lipid metabolism during ferroptosis and have provided intriguing insights into the interplay between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism in cancer. Their interaction regulates the initiation, development, metastasis, therapy resistance of cancer, as well as the tumor immunity, which offers several potential strategies for cancer treatment. This review is a brief overview of the features characterizing the interaction between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism, and highlights the significance of this interaction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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135
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Jaune-Pons E, Vasseur S. Role of amino acids in regulation of ROS balance in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108438. [PMID: 32497547 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display increased oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and constantly have to counteract them below a tolerable threshold to avoid any toxicity due to overload of ROS. The involvement of ROS in cancer progression from precursor lesions to aggressive tumor and metastasis formation is still debated, but it is recognized that cancer cells succeed to use ROS for their own benefit in circumstances that are tumor cell-type specific. In this review, we focus on amino acids' metabolic pathways that tumor cells activate as antioxidants including cysteine, methionine metabolisms and their connection with the folate, transulfuration pathways and ferroptosis. We discuss how the tumor context definitively dictates the impact of ROS on tumor progression towards a metastatic disease as well as the therapeutic approaches that target ROS to abrogate tumors or limit their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jaune-Pons
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), UMR 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-13009, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), F-13009, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F-13009, Marseille, France; Université Aix-Marseille UM105, F-13284, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), UMR 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-13009, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), F-13009, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F-13009, Marseille, France; Université Aix-Marseille UM105, F-13284, Marseille, France.
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136
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Inhibition of mTOR delayed but could not prevent experimental collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8580. [PMID: 32444668 PMCID: PMC7244565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Thy1.1 transgenic mice develop glomerular lesions that mimic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in humans with collapse of the glomerular tuft and marked hyperplasia of the parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Immunostaining of phosphor-S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) revealed high mTOR activity in PECs of the FSGS lesions of these mice. In this study we questioned whether the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (sirolimus) could attenuate the development and progression of glomerulosclerotic lesions in the anti-Thy1.1 transgenic mice. We observed reduced mTOR signalling and proliferation in human parietal epithelial cells after rapamycin treatment. Experiments with anti-Thy1.1. mice showed that early treatment with sirolimus reduced the development of glomerular lesions and glomerular cell proliferation at day 4. Levels of albuminuria, podocyte injury and podocyte number were similar in the sirolimus and vehicle treated groups. The initial beneficial effects of sirolimus treatment were not observed at day 7. Late sirolimus treatment did not reduce albuminuria or the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Taken together, rapamycin attenuated PEC proliferation and the formation of early FSGS lesions in experimental FSGS and reduced human PEC proliferation in vitro. However, the initial inhibition of PEC proliferation did not translate into a decline of albuminuria nor in a sustained reduction in sclerotic lesions.
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137
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Panieri E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Suzen S, Saso L. The NRF2/KEAP1 Axis in the Regulation of Tumor Metabolism: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050791. [PMID: 32443774 PMCID: PMC7277620 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade that controls multiple cytoprotective responses through the induction of a complex transcriptional program that ultimately renders cancer cells resistant to oxidative, metabolic and therapeutic stress. Interestingly, accumulating evidence in recent years has indicated that metabolic reprogramming is closely interrelated with the regulation of redox homeostasis, suggesting that the disruption of NRF2 signaling might represent a valid therapeutic strategy against a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. These aspects will be the focus of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (L.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-2481 (E.P. & L.S.)
| | - Pelin Telkoparan-Akillilar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520 Balgat, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (L.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-2481 (E.P. & L.S.)
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138
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Daher B, Vučetić M, Pouysségur J. Cysteine Depletion, a Key Action to Challenge Cancer Cells to Ferroptotic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:723. [PMID: 32457843 PMCID: PMC7221143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized as highly proliferative at the expense of enhancement of metabolic rate. Consequently, cancer cells rely on antioxidant defenses to overcome the associated increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The reliance of tumor metabolism on amino acids, especially amino acid transport systems, has been extensively studied over the past decade. Although cysteine is the least abundant amino acid in the cell, evidences described it as one of the most important amino acid for cell survival and growth. Regarding its multi-functionality as a nutrient, protein folding, and major component for redox balance due to its involvement in glutathione synthesis, disruption of cysteine homeostasis appears to be promising strategy for induction of cancer cell death. Ten years ago, ferroptosis, a new form of non-apoptotic cell death, has been described as a result of cysteine insufficiency leading to a collapse of intracellular glutathione level. In the present review, we summarized the metabolic networks involving the amino acid cysteine in cancer and ferroptosis and we focused on describing the recently discovered glutathione-independent pathway, a potential player in cancer ferroptosis resistance. Then, we discuss the implication of cysteine as key player in ferroptosis as a precursor for glutathione first, but also as metabolic precursor in glutathione-independent ferroptosis axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutaina Daher
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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139
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Cassim S, Vučetić M, Ždralević M, Pouyssegur J. Warburg and Beyond: The Power of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Collaborate or Replace Fermentative Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051119. [PMID: 32365833 PMCID: PMC7281550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows energy production and provides intermediates for the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Although such a vision has been crucial for the development of clinical imaging modalities, it has become now evident that in contrast to prior beliefs, mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis. Recent findings demonstrated that a full genetic disruption of the Warburg effect of aggressive cancers does not suppress but instead reduces tumor growth. Tumor growth then relies exclusively on functional mitochondria. Besides having fundamental bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial metabolism indeed provides appropriate building blocks for tumor anabolism, controls redox balance, and coordinates cell death. Hence, mitochondria represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Here, after revisiting the long-standing Warburg effect from a historic and dynamic perspective, we review the role of mitochondria in cancer with particular attention to the cancer cell-intrinsic/extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of tumorigenesis, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
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140
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Parker SJ, Amendola CR, Hollinshead KER, Yu Q, Yamamoto K, Encarnación-Rosado J, Rose RE, LaRue MM, Sohn ASW, Biancur DE, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Jones DR, Wang H, Philips MR, Bar-Sagi D, Mancias JD, Kimmelman AC. Selective Alanine Transporter Utilization Creates a Targetable Metabolic Niche in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1018-1037. [PMID: 32341021 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) evolves a complex microenvironment comprised of multiple cell types, including pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). Previous studies have demonstrated that stromal supply of alanine, lipids, and nucleotides supports the metabolism, growth, and therapeutic resistance of PDAC. Here we demonstrate that alanine cross-talk between PSCs and PDAC is orchestrated by the utilization of specific transporters. PSCs utilize SLC1A4 and other transporters to rapidly exchange and maintain environmental alanine concentrations. Moreover, PDAC cells upregulate SLC38A2 to supply their increased alanine demand. Cells lacking SLC38A2 fail to concentrate intracellular alanine and undergo a profound metabolic crisis resulting in markedly impaired tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that stromal-cancer metabolic niches can form through differential transporter expression, creating unique therapeutic opportunities to target metabolic demands of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This work identifies critical neutral amino acid transporters involved in channeling alanine between pancreatic stellate and PDAC cells. Targeting PDAC-specific alanine uptake results in a metabolic crisis impairing metabolism, proliferation, and tumor growth. PDAC cells specifically activate and require SLC38A2 to fuel their alanine demands that may be exploited therapeutically.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Caroline R Amendola
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kate E R Hollinshead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Qijia Yu
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joel Encarnación-Rosado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca E Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Madeleine M LaRue
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Doug E Biancur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Drew R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark R Philips
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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141
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Song X, Long D. Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:267. [PMID: 32372896 PMCID: PMC7186402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a kind of regulated cell death (RCD) caused by the redox state disorder of intracellular microenvironment controlled by glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. In addition to classical regulatory mechanisms, new regulatory factors for ferroptosis have been discovered in recent years, such as the P53 pathway, the activating transcription factor (ATF)3/4 pathway, Beclin 1 (BECN1) pathway, and some non-coding RNA. Ferroptosis is closely related to cancer treatment, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia–reperfusion of organ, neurotoxicity, and others, in particular, in the field of neurodegenerative diseases treatment has aroused people’s interest. The nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2/NFE2L2) has been proved to play a key role in neurodegenerative disease treatment and ferroptosis regulation. Ferroptosis promotes the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, while the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes (Ho-1, Nqo-1, and Trx) has been declined with aging; therefore, there is still insufficient evidence for ferroptosis and Nrf2 regulatory networks in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms, as well as an emphasis on the mechanism of Nrf2 regulating ferroptosis. We also highlight the role of ferroptosis and Nrf2 during the process of neurodegenerative diseases and investigate a theoretical basis for further research on the relationship between Nrf2 and ferroptosis in the process of neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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142
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Badgley MA, Kremer DM, Maurer HC, DelGiorno KE, Lee HJ, Purohit V, Sagalovskiy IR, Ma A, Kapilian J, Firl CEM, Decker AR, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Andrade LR, Sajjakulnukit P, Zhang L, Tolstyka ZP, Hirschhorn T, Lamb C, Liu T, Gu W, Seeley ES, Stone E, Georgiou G, Manor U, Iuga A, Wahl GM, Stockwell BR, Lyssiotis CA, Olive KP. Cysteine depletion induces pancreatic tumor ferroptosis in mice. Science 2020; 368:85-89. [PMID: 32241947 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 732] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that results from the catastrophic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oncogenic signaling elevates lipid ROS production in many tumor types and is counteracted by metabolites that are derived from the amino acid cysteine. In this work, we show that the import of oxidized cysteine (cystine) via system xC - is a critical dependency of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is a leading cause of cancer mortality. PDAC cells used cysteine to synthesize glutathione and coenzyme A, which, together, down-regulated ferroptosis. Studying genetically engineered mice, we found that the deletion of a system xC - subunit, Slc7a11, induced tumor-selective ferroptosis and inhibited PDAC growth. This was replicated through the administration of cyst(e)inase, a drug that depletes cysteine and cystine, demonstrating a translatable means to induce ferroptosis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Badgley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel M Kremer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Klinikum rechts der Isar, II, Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vinee Purohit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Irina R Sagalovskiy
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Kapilian
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina E M Firl
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda R Decker
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steve A Sastra
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmine F Palermo
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Zachary P Tolstyka
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tal Hirschhorn
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Scott Seeley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Salvo Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alina Iuga
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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143
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Anandhan A, Dodson M, Schmidlin CJ, Liu P, Zhang DD. Breakdown of an Ironclad Defense System: The Critical Role of NRF2 in Mediating Ferroptosis. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:436-447. [PMID: 32275864 PMCID: PMC7597851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic mode of regulated cell death that is iron and lipid peroxidation dependent. As new mechanistic insight into ferroptotic effectors and how they are regulated in different disease contexts is uncovered, our understanding of the physiological and pathological relevance of this mode of cell death continues to grow. Along these lines, a host of pharmacological modulators of this pathway have been identified, targeting proteins involved in iron homeostasis; the generation and reduction of lipid peroxides; or cystine import and glutathione metabolism. Also, of note, many components of the ferroptosis cascade are target genes of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), indicating its critical role in mediating the ferroptotic response. In this review, we discuss the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence of ferroptosis in disease, including a brief discussion of targeting upstream mediators of this cascade, including NRF2, to treat ferroptosis-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cody J Schmidlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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144
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Parks SK, Mueller-Klieser W, Pouysségur J. Lactate and Acidity in the Cancer Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative glycolysis, an ancient evolved metabolic pathway, is exploited by rapidly growing tissues and tumors but also occurs in response to the nutritional and energetic demands of differentiated tissues. The lactic acid it produces is transported across cell membranes through reversible H+/lactate−symporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and is recycled in organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and an energy source. Concentrations of lactate in the tumor environment, investigated utilizing an induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) technique, appear to be dominant biomarkers of tumor response to irradiation and resistance to treatment. Suppression of lactic acid formation by genetic disruption of lactate dehydrogenases A and B in aggressive tumors reactivated OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) to maintain xenograft tumor growth at a halved rate. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumor growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Furthermore, the global reduction of tumor acidity contributes to activation of the antitumor immune responses, offering hope for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Parks
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, 06189 Nice, France
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145
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Kou L, Jiang X, Huang H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Chen R. The role of transporters in cancer redox homeostasis and cross-talk with nanomedicines. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:145-157. [PMID: 32373196 PMCID: PMC7193452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell usually exhibits high levels of reactive oxygen species and adaptive antioxidant system due to the metabolic, genetic, and microenvironment-associated alterations. The altered redox homeostasis can promote tumor progression, development, and treatment resistance. Several membrane transporters are involved in the resetting redox homeostasis and play important roles in tumor progression. Therefore, targeting the involved transporters to disrupt the altered redox balance emerges as a viable strategy for cancer therapy. In addition, nanomedicines have drawn much attention in the past decades. Using nanomedicines to target or reset the redox homeostasis alone or combined with other therapies has brought convincing data in cancer treatment. In this review, we will introduce the altered redox balance in cancer metabolism and involved transporters, and highlight the recent advancements of redox-modulating nanomedicines for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China. Tel: +86 18958969225
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China. Tel: +86 13806890233
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146
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Amino acid transporters as tetraspanin TM4SF5 binding partners. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:7-14. [PMID: 31956272 PMCID: PMC7000776 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 (TM4SF5) is a tetraspanin that has four transmembrane domains and can be N-glycosylated and palmitoylated. These posttranslational modifications of TM4SF5 enable homophilic or heterophilic binding to diverse membrane proteins and receptors, including growth factor receptors, integrins, and tetraspanins. As a member of the tetraspanin family, TM4SF5 promotes protein-protein complexes for the spatiotemporal regulation of the expression, stability, binding, and signaling activity of its binding partners. Chronic diseases such as liver diseases involve bidirectional communication between extracellular and intracellular spaces, resulting in immune-related metabolic effects during the development of pathological phenotypes. It has recently been shown that, during the development of fibrosis and cancer, TM4SF5 forms protein-protein complexes with amino acid transporters, which can lead to the regulation of cystine uptake from the extracellular space to the cytosol and arginine export from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol. Furthermore, using proteomic analyses, we found that diverse amino acid transporters were precipitated with TM4SF5, although these binding partners need to be confirmed by other approaches and in functionally relevant studies. This review discusses the scope of the pathological relevance of TM4SF5 and its binding to certain amino acid transporters.
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147
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Cassim S, Pouyssegur J. Tumor Microenvironment: A Metabolic Player that Shapes the Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E157. [PMID: 31881671 PMCID: PMC6982275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells survey and patrol throughout the body and sometimes take residence in niche environments with distinct cellular subtypes and nutrients that may fluctuate from those in which they matured. Rooted in immune cell physiology are metabolic pathways and metabolites that not only deliver substrates and energy for growth and survival, but also instruct effector functions and cell differentiation. Unlike cancer cells, immune cells are not subject to a "Darwinian evolutionary pressure" that would allow them to adapt to developing tumors but are often irrevocably affected to local nutrient deprivation. Thus, immune cells must metabolically adapt to these changing conditions in order to perform their necessary functions. On the other hand, there is now a growing appreciation that metabolic changes occurring in cancer cells can impact on immune cell functionality and contribute to tumor immune evasion, and as such, there is a considerable and growing interest in developing techniques that target metabolism for immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the metabolic plasticity displayed by innate and adaptive immune cells and highlight how tumor-derived lactate and tumor acidity restrict immunity. To our knowledge, this review outlines the most recent insights on how tumor microenvironment metabolically instructs immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France
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148
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Sasaki M, Chiwaki F, Kuroda T, Komatsu M, Matsusaki K, Kohno T, Sasaki H, Ogiwara H. Efficacy of glutathione inhibitors for the treatment of ARID1A-deficient diffuse-type gastric cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:342-347. [PMID: 31761322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Diffuse-type gastric cancer is an aggressive tumor that is frequently associated with ARID1A deficiency. Here, we investigated the efficacy of GSH inhibition for the treatment of diffuse-type gastric cancer with ARID1A deficiency using ARID1A-proficient or -deficient patient-derived cells (PDCs). ARID1A-deficient PDCs were selectively sensitive to the GSH inhibitor APR-246, the GCLC inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine, and the SLC7A11 inhibitor erastin. Expression of SLC7A11, which is required for incorporation of cystine, and the basal level of GSH were lower in ARID1A-deficient than in ARID1A-proficient PDCs. Treatment with APR-246 decreased intracellular GSH levels, leading to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these phenotypes are suppressed by supply of cystine and GSH compensators. Taken together, vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient gastric cancer cells to GSH inhibition is caused by decreased GSH synthesis due to diminished SLC7A11 expression. The present results suggest that GSH inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of diffuse-type gastric cancers with ARID1A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sasaki
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; Molecular Oncology, Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kuroda
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaki
- Kanamecho Hospital, 1-11-13, Kanamecho, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Molecular Oncology, Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogiwara
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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