101
|
Renal Replacement Modality Affects Uremic Toxins and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the high prevalence of kidney diseases and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Renal failure leads to accumulation of uremic toxins, which are the main cause of oxidative stress development. The renal replacement therapy appears to be the best way to lower uremic toxin levels in patients with end-stage renal disease and reduce oxidative stress. At this moment, despite the increasing number of recognized toxins and their mechanisms of action, it is impossible to determine which of them are the most important and which cause the greatest complications. There are many different types of renal replacement therapy, but the best treatment has not been identified yet. Patients treated with diffusion methods have satisfactory clearance of small molecules, but the clearance of medium molecules appears to be insufficient, but treatment with convection methods cleans medium molecules better than small molecules. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable information not only on toxins and their role in metabolic disorders, including oxidative stress, but also on the best artificial renal replacement therapy to reduce complications and prolong the life of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
102
|
Albrecht ED, Babischkin JS, Aberdeen GW, Burch MG, Pepe GJ. Maternal systemic vascular dysfunction in a primate model of defective uterine spiral artery remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1712-H1723. [PMID: 33666502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery remodeling (UAR) is essential for placental perfusion and fetal development. A defect in UAR underpins placental ischemia disorders, e.g., preeclampsia, that result in maternal systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. We have established a model of impaired UAR by prematurely elevating maternal serum estradiol levels during the first trimester of baboon pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether this experimental paradigm is associated with maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, in the present study baboons were administered estradiol on days 25-59 of gestation to suppress UAR and maternal vascular function determined on day 165 (term = 184 days) peripherally and in skeletal muscle, which accounts for over 40% of body mass and 25% of resting systemic vascular resistance. Maternal serum sFlt-1 levels were 2.5-fold higher (P < 0.05), and skeletal muscle arteriolar endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and luminal area, and skeletal muscle capillary density were 30-50% lower (P < 0.05) in UAR suppressed baboons. Coinciding with these changes in eNOS expression, luminal area, and capillary density, maternal brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and volume flow were 70% and 55% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, and mean arterial blood pressure 29% higher (P < 0.01) in UAR defective baboons. In summary, maternal vascular function was disrupted in a baboon model of impaired UAR. These results highlight the translational impact of this primate model and relevance to adverse conditions of human pregnancy underpinned by improper uterine artery transformation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of abnormal human pregnancy, particularly early-onset preeclampsia, elicited by impaired UAR. The present study makes the novel discovery that maternal systemic vascular dysfunction was induced in a baboon experimental model of impaired UAR. This study highlights the translational relevance of this nonhuman primate model to adverse conditions of human pregnancy underpinned by defective UAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene D Albrecht
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffery S Babischkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graham W Aberdeen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcia G Burch
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Gerald J Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy promotes recovery from stroke by enhancing angio-neurogenesis in mice in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4958. [PMID: 33654156 PMCID: PMC7925563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the treatment window of thrombolytic therapy for stroke is limited, new therapy remains to be developed. We have recently developed low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy to improve cognitive dysfunction in mouse models of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we further aimed to examine whether our LIPUS therapy improves neurological recovery from ischemic stroke, and if so, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. In a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we applied LIPUS (32 cycles, 193 mW/cm2) to the whole brain 3 times in the first week (days 1, 3, and 5) after MCAO. We evaluated neurological functions using behavioral tests and performed histological analyses. Furthermore, to elucidate how LIPUS works within the injured brain, we also tested the effects of LIPUS in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient (eNOS−/−) mice. In wild-type mice, the LIPUS therapy markedly improved neurological functions in the tightrope and rotarod tests at 28 days after MCAO. Histological analyses showed that the LIPUS therapy significantly increased the numbers of CD31-positive blood vessels in the perifocal lesion and doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurons in the ischemic striatum, indicating the angio-neurogenesis effects of the therapy. Importantly, these beneficial effects of the LIPUS therapy were totally absent in eNOS−/− mice. No adverse effects of the LIPUS therapy were noted. These results indicate that the LIPUS therapy improves neurological functions after stroke through enhanced neuro-angiogenesis in mice in vivo in an eNOS-dependent manner, suggesting that it could a novel and non-invasive therapeutic option for stroke.
Collapse
|
104
|
Pooja, Sharma V, Sharma M, Varshney R, Kumar B, Sethy NK. Association Between 17β-Estradiol Receptors and Nitric Oxide Signaling Augments High-Altitude Adaptation of Ladakhi Highlanders. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:174-183. [PMID: 33602001 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pooja, Vandana Sharma, Manish Sharma, Rajeev Varshney, Bhuvnesh Kumar, and Niroj Kumar Sethy. Association between 17β-estradiol receptors and nitric oxide signaling augments high-altitude adaptation of Ladakhi highlanders. High Alt Med Biol. 22: 174-183, 2021. Background: Genomic studies have identified positive natural selection of plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling pathway for Himalayan highlanders. We sought to investigate significance of this pathway for high-altitude adaptation by studying Ladakhi highlanders. Materials and Methods: We recruited 25 healthy Ladakhi males (age range: 19-37, height: 164 ± 6 cm, and weight 59 ± 4 kg) at Leh (altitude 3,520 m) and age matched sea level volunteers at Delhi (altitude 215 m), India. We evaluated circulatory levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) and levels of E2 biosynthesis pathway proteins. In addition, we analyzed mRNA levels of E2 pathway genes and their association with nitric oxide (NO) availability. Results: We observed higher circulatory E2 and lower testosterone (T) in Ladakhi highlanders compared to lowlanders. Studying E2 pathway genes, we identified higher transcript levels of E2 receptors ESR1 (2.02-fold) and ESR2 (3.87-fold) in Ladakhi highlanders. Higher NOS3 mRNA, plasma level of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), p-eNOS Ser1177, NOx (nitrate and nitrite), and cGMP were observed for Ladakhi highlanders. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between E2 with plasma NOx (r = 0.52, p = 0.002) and cGMP (r = 0.72, p = 0.007) for Ladakhi highlanders. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate higher circulatory E2 and lower T levels in Ladakhi highlanders. Higher levels of E2 and its receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) are positively associated with observed higher levels of eNOS signaling pathway metabolites. These results highlight the functional importance of E2 and its receptors for Himalayan pattern of high-altitude adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Poisson J, Tanguy M, Davy H, Camara F, El Mdawar MB, Kheloufi M, Dagher T, Devue C, Lasselin J, Plessier A, Merchant S, Blanc-Brude O, Souyri M, Mougenot N, Dingli F, Loew D, Hatem SN, James C, Villeval JL, Boulanger CM, Rautou PE. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles induce arterial spasms in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2630-2643. [PMID: 32045382 PMCID: PMC7190923 DOI: 10.1172/jci124566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, their mechanisms are poorly understood. The high prevalence of myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenosis or atherosclerosis in patients with MPNs suggests that vascular function is altered. The consequences of JAK2V617F mutation on vascular reactivity are unknown. We observe here increased responses to vasoconstrictors in arteries from Jak2V617F mice resulting from a disturbed endothelial NO pathway and increased endothelial oxidative stress. This response was reproduced in WT mice by circulating microvesicles isolated from patients carrying JAK2V617F and by erythrocyte-derived microvesicles from transgenic mice. Microvesicles of other cellular origins had no effect. This effect was observed ex vivo on isolated aortas, but also in vivo on femoral arteries. Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes identified increased expression of myeloperoxidase as the likely mechanism accounting for their effect. Myeloperoxidase inhibition in microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes suppressed their effect on oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as simvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine improved arterial dysfunction in Jak2V617F mice. In conclusion, JAK2V617F MPNs are characterized by exacerbated vasoconstrictor responses resulting from increased endothelial oxidative stress caused by circulating erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. Simvastatin appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Poisson
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marion Tanguy
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hortense Davy
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fatoumata Camara
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Belle El Mdawar
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marouane Kheloufi
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Devue
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Lasselin
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Plessier
- Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU Unity), AP-HP, Clichy, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, French Network for Rare Liver Diseases (FILFOIE), European Reference Network (ERN), Clichy, France
| | - Salma Merchant
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Blanc-Brude
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Souyri
- Inserm UMR S1131, University Hospital Institute (IHU), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Inserm UMS 28, Phénotypage du petit animal, Plateforme d'expérimentations coeur-muscle-vaisseaux (PECMV), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Stephane N Hatem
- Inserm, UMR 1166, Institut de cardiométabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Chloé James
- Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU Unity), AP-HP, Clichy, France
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Assunção HCR, Cruz YMC, Bertolino JS, Garcia RCT, Fernandes L. Protective effects of luteolin on the venous endothelium. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1849-1859. [PMID: 33469821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties already demonstrated in studies related to inflammation, tumor, and cardiovascular processes; however, there are no available information regarding its antioxidant effects at the venous endothelial site. We investigated the effects of luteolin (10, 20, and 50 μmol/L) in cultures of rat venous endothelial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by fluorimetry; 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) residues were evaluated by immunofluorescence, and prostacyclin (PGI2) release was investigated by colorimetry. Intracellular NO levels were significantly enhanced after 10 min of luteolin incubation, with a parallel decrease in ROS generation. These results were accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of 3-NT residues and enhanced PGI2 rates. Therefore, luteolin is effective in reducing ROS thereby improving NO availability in venous endothelial cells. Besides, luteolin-induced decrease in 3-NT residues may correlate with the enhancement in endothelial PGI2 bioavailability. These findings suggest the future application of this flavonoid as a protective agent by improving endothelial function in several circulatory disorders related to venous insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Charlanti Reis Assunção
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Yan Milen Coelho Cruz
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva Bertolino
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Liliam Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ivanova IV, Melnyk MI, Dryn DO, Prokhorov VV, Zholos AV, Soloviev AI. Electrophysiological characterization of the activating action of a novel liposomal nitric oxide carrier on Maxi-K channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Liposome Res 2021; 31:399-408. [PMID: 33319630 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1863424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the mechanisms of action of a novel liposomal nitric oxide (NO) carrier on large-conductance Ca2+-activated channels (BKCa or Maxi-K) expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from the rat main pulmonary artery (MPA). Experimental design comprised of both whole-cell and cell-attached single-channel recordings using the patch-clamp techniques. The liposomal form of NO, Lip(NO), increased whole-cell outward K+ currents in a dose dependent manner while shifting the activation curve negatively by about 50 mV with respect to unstimulated cells with the EC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.17 µM. At the single channel level, Lip(NO) increased the probability of the open state (Po) of Maxi-K channels from 0.0020 ± 0.0008 to 0.74 ± 0.02 with half-maximal activation occurring at 4.91 ± 0.01 μM, while sub-maximal activation was achieved at 10-5 M Lip(NO). Channel activation was mainly due to significant decrease in the mean closed dwell time (about 500-fold), rather than an increase in the mean open dwell time, which was comparatively modest (about twofold). There was also a slight decrease in the amplitude of the elementary Maxi-K currents (approximately 15%) accompanied by an increase in current noise, which might indicate some non-specific effects of Lip(NO) on the plasma membrane itself and/or on the phospholipids environment of the channels. In conclusion, the activating action of Lip(NO) on the Maxi-K channel is due to the destabilization of the closed conformation of the channel protein, which causes its more frequent openings and, accordingly, increases the probability of channel transition to its open state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ivanova
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia I Melnyk
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine.,A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dariia O Dryn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine.,A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Alexander V Zholos
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoly I Soloviev
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Arginase II polymorphisms modify the hypotensive responses to propofol by affecting nitric oxide bioavailability. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:869-877. [PMID: 33410970 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propofol anesthesia is usually accompanied by hypotensive responses, which are at least in part mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Arginase I (ARG1) and arginase II (ARG2) compete with NO synthases for their common substrate L-arginine, therefore influencing the NO formation. We examined here whether ARG1 and ARG2 genotypes and haplotypes affect the changes in blood pressure and NO bioavailability in response to propofol. METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from 167 patients at baseline and after 10 min of anesthesia with propofol. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Nitrite concentrations were measured by using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay, while NOx (nitrites + nitrates) levels were determined by using the Griess reaction. RESULTS We found that patients carrying the AG + GG genotypes for the rs3742879 polymorphism in ARG2 gene and the ARG2 GC haplotype show lower increases in nitrite levels and lower decreases in blood pressure after propofol anesthesia. On the other hand, subjects carrying the variant genotypes for the rs10483801 polymorphism in ARG2 gene show more intense decreases in blood pressure (CA genotype) and/or higher increases in nitrite levels (CA and AA genotypes) in response to propofol. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ARG2 variants affect the hypotensive responses to propofol, possibly by modifying NO bioavailability. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02442232.
Collapse
|
109
|
Suo Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Gao M, Dong J. Calcitriol inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 expressions of renal vasculature in hypertension: Reactive oxygen species involved? Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:91-100. [PMID: 32909857 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D modulates about 3% human gene transcription besides the classical action on calcium/phosphorus homeostasis. The blood pressure-lowing and other protective action on cardiovascular disease have been reported. The present study aims to examine whether COX-1 and COX-2 were implicated in endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D preserved endothelial function through regulating COX expression. Isometric study demonstrated the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in renal arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats were reversed by 12 h-calcitriol treatment and COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Combined uses of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor induced more improved relaxations. Exaggerated expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 in renal artery from SHR were inhibited by 12 h-administration of calcitriol, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger tempol. Furthermore, in normotensive WKY rats, calcitriol prevents against the blunted EDR in renal arteries by 12 h-Ang II exposure, with similar improvements by COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Accordingly, increased COX-1 and COX-2 expressions by Ang II exposure were corrected by losartan, DPI, or tempol. Studies on human renal artery also revealed the beneficial action of calcitriol is mediated by suppressing COX-1 and COX-2 expressions, dependent on vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation. Taken together, our findings showed that COX-1 and COX-2 are positively involved in the renovascular dysfunction in hypertension and via VDR, calcitriol benefits renovasular function by suppressing COX-1 and COX-2 expressions. Furthermore, ROS is involved in the COX-1 and COX-2 up-regulations of renal arteries, maybe serving as a mediator in the inhibitory action of calcitriol on COX expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Suo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yueyi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Yu C, Chen S, Wang X, Wu G, Zhang Y, Fu C, Hu C, Liu Z, Luo X, Wang J, Chen L. Exposure to maternal diabetes induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in adult male rat offspring. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104076. [PMID: 32956647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The adverse environment in early life can modulate adult phenotype, including blood pressure. Our previous study shows, in a rat streptozotocin (STZ)-induced maternal diabetes model, fetal exposure to maternal diabetes is characterized by established hypertension in the offspring. However, the exact mechanisms are not known. Our present study found, as compared with male control mother offspring (CMO), male diabetic mother offspring (DMO) had higher blood pressure with arterial dysfunction, i.e., decreased acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasodilation. But there is no difference in blood pressure between female CMO and DMO. The decreased Ach-induced vasodilation was related to decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in the endothelium, not NO sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle because sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-mediated vasodilation was preserved; there was decreased NO production and lower eNOS phosphorylation in male DMO. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was increased in male DMO than CMO; normalized ROS levels with tempol increased NO production, normalized Ach-mediated vasodilation, and lowered blood pressure in male DMO rats. It indicates that diabetic programming hypertension is related to arterial dysfunction; normalizing ROS might be a potential strategy for the prevention of hypertension in the offspring.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes, Gestational/blood
- Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Female
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Vasodilation
- Rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Center, Provincial Institute of Coronary Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Cuimei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengbi Liu
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Center, Provincial Institute of Coronary Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Mishra RC, Kyle BD, Kendrick DJ, Svystonyuk D, Kieser TM, Fedak PWM, Wulff H, Braun AP. KCa channel activation normalizes endothelial function in Type 2 Diabetic resistance arteries by improving intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization. Metabolism 2021; 114:154390. [PMID: 33039407 PMCID: PMC7736096 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in the progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Endothelial KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 K+ channels are important regulators of arterial diameter, and we thus hypothesized that SKA-31, a small molecule activator of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, would positively influence agonist-evoked dilation in myogenically active resistance arteries in T2D. METHODOLOGY Arterial pressure myography was utilized to investigate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated cremaster skeletal muscle resistance arteries from 22 to 24 week old T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats, age-matched Wistar controls, and small human intra-thoracic resistance arteries from T2D subjects. Agonist stimulated changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ in acutely isolated, single endothelial cells from Wistar and T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries were examined using Fura-2 fluorescence imaging. MAIN FINDINGS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) or bradykinin (BK) was significantly impaired in isolated cremaster arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats compared with Wistar controls, and similar results were observed in human intra-thoracic arteries. In contrast, inhibition of myogenic tone by sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle relaxant, was unaltered in both rat and human T2D arteries. Treatment with a threshold concentration of SKA-31 (0.3 μM) significantly enhanced vasodilatory responses to ACh and BK in arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats and human subjects, whereas only modest effects were observed in non-diabetic arteries of both species. Mechanistically, SKA-31 enhancement of evoked dilation was independent of vascular NO synthase and COX activities. Remarkably, SKA-31 treatment improved agonist-stimulated Ca2+ elevation in acutely isolated endothelial cells from T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries, but not from Wistar control vessels. In contrast, SKA-31 treatment did not affect intracellular Ca2+ release by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate that KCa channel modulation can acutely restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in T2D resistance arteries from rats and humans, which appears to involve improved endothelial Ca2+ mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Mishra
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dylan J Kendrick
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniyil Svystonyuk
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Teresa M Kieser
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Dept of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Gorman S, Weller RB. Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:616527. [PMID: 33426009 PMCID: PMC7786057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.616527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic, researchers have been seeking low-cost and accessible means of providing protection from its harms, particularly for at-risk individuals such as those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. One possible way is via safe sun exposure, and/or dietary supplementation with induced beneficial mediators (e.g., vitamin D). In this narrative review, we provide rationale and updated evidence on the potential benefits and harms of sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) light that may impact COVID-19. We review recent studies that provide new evidence for any benefits (or otherwise) of UV light, sun exposure, and the induced mediators, vitamin D and nitric oxide, and their potential to modulate morbidity and mortality induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus-2). We identified substantial interest in this research area, with many commentaries and reviews already published; however, most of these have focused on vitamin D, with less consideration of UV light (or sun exposure) or other mediators such as nitric oxide. Data collected to-date suggest that ambient levels of both UVA and UVB may be beneficial for reducing severity or mortality due to COVID-19, with some inconsistent findings. Currently unresolved are the nature of the associations between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and COVID-19 measures, with more prospective data needed that better consider lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and personal sun exposure levels. Another short-coming has been a lack of measurement of sun exposure, and its potential to influence COVID-19 outcomes. We also discuss possible mechanisms by which sun exposure, UV light and induced mediators could affect COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, by focusing on likely effects on viral pathogenesis, immunity and inflammation, and potential cardiometabolic protective mechanisms. Finally, we explore potential issues including the impacts of exposure to high dose UV radiation on COVID-19 and vaccination, and effective and safe doses for vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard B. Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Updating NO •/HNO interconversion under physiological conditions: A biological implication overview. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 216:111333. [PMID: 33385637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azanone (HNO/NO-), also called nitroxyl, is a highly reactive compound whose biological role is still a matter of debate. A key issue that remains to be clarified regarding HNO and its biological activity is that of its endogenous formation. Given the overlap of the molecular targets and reactivity of nitric oxide (NO•) and HNO, its chemical biology was perceived to be similar to that of NO• as a biological signaling agent. However, despite their closely related reactivity, NO• and HNO's biochemical pathways are quite different. Moreover, the reduction of nitric oxide to azanone is possible but necessarily coupled to other reactions, which drive the reaction forward, overcoming the unfavorable thermodynamic barrier. The mechanism of this NO•/HNO interplay and its downstream effects in different contexts were studied recently, showing that more than fifteen moderate reducing agents react with NO• producing HNO. Particularly, it is known that the reaction between nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produces HNO. However, this rate constant was not reported yet. In this work, firstly the NO•/H2S effective rate constant was measured as a function of the pH. Then, the implications of these chemical (non-enzymatic), biologically compatible, routes to endogenous HNO formation was discussed. There is no doubt that HNO could be (is?) a new endogenously produced messenger that mediates specific physiological responses, many of which were attributed yet to direct NO• effects.
Collapse
|
114
|
Salibe-Filho W, Araujo TLS, G. Melo E, B. C. T. Coimbra L, Lapa MS, Acencio MMP, Freitas-Filho O, Capelozzi VL, Teixeira LR, Fernandes CJCS, Jatene FB, Laurindo FRM, Terra-Filho M. Shear stress-exposed pulmonary artery endothelial cells fail to upregulate HSP70 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242960. [PMID: 33270690 PMCID: PMC7714249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are still unclear. Endothelial cell (EC) remodeling is believed to contribute to this pulmonary disease triggered by thrombus and hemodynamic forces disbalance. Recently, we showed that HSP70 levels decrease by proatherogenic shear stress. Molecular chaperones play a major role in proteostasis in neurological, cancer and inflammatory/ infectious diseases. To shed light on microvascular responses in CTEPH, we characterized the expression of molecular chaperones and annexin A2, a component of the fibrinolytic system. There is no animal model that reproduces microvascular changes in CTEPH, and this fact led us to isolated endothelial cells from patients with CTEPH undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We exposed CTEPH-EC and control human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPAEC) to high- (15 dynes/cm2) or low- (5 dynes/cm2) shear stress. After high-magnitude shear stress HPAEC upregulated heat shock protein 70kDa (HSP70) and the HSP ER paralogs 78 and 94kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78 and 94), whereas CTEPH-ECs failed to exhibit this response. At static conditions, both HSP70 and HSP90 families in CTEPH-EC are decreased. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HSP70 expression was downregulated in vivo, and annexin A2 was upregulated. Interestingly, wound healing and angiogenesis assays revealed that HSP70 inhibition with VER-155008 further impaired CTEPH-EC migratory responses. These results implicate HSP70 as a novel master regulator of endothelial dysfunction in type 4 PH. Overall, we first show that global failure of HSP upregulation is a hallmark of CTEPH pathogenesis and propose HSP70 as a potential biomarker of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Salibe-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís L. S. Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everton G. Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza B. C. T. Coimbra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica S. Lapa
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena M. P. Acencio
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orival Freitas-Filho
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisete Ribeiro Teixeira
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio J. C. S. Fernandes
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Biscegli Jatene
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Terra-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Low Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Endothelial Function in Subjects without Lipid-Lowering Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123796. [PMID: 33255270 PMCID: PMC7761134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevation of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels has been associated with endothelial dysfunction in statin naïve subjects. However, there is no information on endothelial function in subjects with extremely low levels of LDL-C. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship of LDL-C levels, especially low levels of LDL-C, with endothelial function. Endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) measurement and LDL-C levels were evaluated in 7120 subjects without lipid-lowering therapy. We divided the subjects into five groups by LDL-C levels: <70 mg/dL, 70-99 mg/dL, 100-119 md/dL, 120-139 mg/dL, and ≥140 mg/dL. FMD values were significantly smaller in subjects with LDL-C levels of ≥140 mg/dL than in those with LDL-C levels of 70-99 mg/dL and 100-119 mg/dL (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The FMD values in the LDL-C of <70 mg/dL group were not significantly different from those in the other groups. To evaluate the relationship of extremely low LDL-C levels with endothelial function, we divided the subjects with LDL-C of <70 mg/dL into those with LDL-C levels of <50 mg/dL and 50-69 mg/dL. FMD values were similar in the LDL-C <50 mg/dL group and ≥50 mg/dL group in the propensity score-matched population (p = 0.570). A significant benefit was not found in subjects with low LDL-C levels from the aspect of endothelial function.
Collapse
|
116
|
Indoxyl sulfate induces ROS production via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-NADPH oxidase pathway and inactivates NO in vascular tissues. Life Sci 2020; 265:118807. [PMID: 33232689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) was reported to be the cause of cardiovascular disease associated with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we evaluated the direct influences of IS on vascular function, focusing on the superoxide anion (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathways. MAIN METHODS Isolated rat thoracic aortas with and without vascular endothelium were incubated with IS for 4 h in a physiological solution. In some experiments, several inhibitors were treated 30 min before the addition of IS. O2- production was measured by the chemiluminescence method, and the vascular reactivity to different vasorelaxants was examined using organ chamber technique. KEY FINDINGS 1) Experiments using endothelium-intact vascular rings: IS significantly increased O2- production. The increase was suppressed by addition of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, the antioxidant ascorbic acid and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor CH223191. Furthermore, IS attenuated the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxantion, which was suppressed by addition of the above drugs. 2) Experiments using endothelium-denuded vascular rings: IS significantly increased O2- production and also attenuated sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasorelaxation. These influences of IS were normalized only by ascorbic acid addition. On the other hand, IS did not affect the vasorelaxation by the sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that IS causes O2- production in vascular tissues, thereby attenuating ACh- and SNP-induced vasorelaxation, probably through NO inactivation. Furthermore, it is reasonable to consider that IS-promoted O2- production in the presence of vascular endothelium is through binding to AhR and the activation of NADPH oxidase.
Collapse
|
117
|
Jian B, Hu M, Cai W, Zhang B, Lu Z. Update of Immunosenescence in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585655. [PMID: 33362768 PMCID: PMC7756147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is closely associated with chronic sterile low-grade inflammation in older organisms and related immune response. As an amplifier for neuro-inflammaging, immunosenescence remodels and deteriorates immune systems gradually with the passage of time, and finally contributes to severe outcomes like stroke, dementia and neurodegeneration in elderly adults. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the major causes of vascular dementia, has an intensive connection with the inflammatory response and immunosenescence plays a crucial role in the pathology of this disorder. In this review, we discuss the impact of immunosenescence on the development of CSVD and its underlying mechanism. Furthermore, the clinical practice significance of immunosenescence management and the diagnosis and treatment of CSVD will be also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Jian
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Immunology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Godo S, Shimokawa H. Gender Differences in Endothelial Function and Coronary Vasomotion Abnormalities. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289720957012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Structural and functional abnormalities of coronary microvasculature, referred to as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), have been implicated in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and have gained growing attention in patients with chest pain with no obstructive coronary artery disease, especially in females. The central mechanisms of coronary vasomotion abnormalities encompass enhanced coronary vasoconstrictive reactivity (ie, coronary spasm), reduced endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasodilator capacities, and increased coronary microvascular resistance. The 2 major endothelium-derived relaxing factors, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors, modulate vascular tone in a distinct vessel size–dependent manner; NO mainly mediates vasodilatation of relatively large, conduit vessels, while EDH factors in small resistance vessels. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization–mediated vasodilatation is more prominent in female resistance arteries, where estrogens exert beneficial effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation via multiple mechanisms. In the clinical settings, therapeutic approaches targeting NO are disappointing for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, where endothelial dysfunction and CMD are substantially involved. Significance: In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of endothelial function and coronary vasomotion abnormalities from bench to bedside, with a special reference to gender differences. Results: Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated distinct gender differences in endothelial function and coronary vasomotion abnormalities with major clinical implications. Moreover, recent landmark clinical trials regarding the management of stable coronary artery disease have questioned the benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention, supporting the importance of the coronary microvascular physiology. Conclusion: Further characterization and a better understanding of the gender differences in basic vascular biology as well as those in cardiovascular diseases are indispensable to improve health care and patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Co-Culture of Primary Human Coronary Artery and Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Cells Results in Mutually Beneficial Paracrine Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218032. [PMID: 33126651 PMCID: PMC7663246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although saphenous veins (SVs) are commonly used as conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts have significantly higher long-term patency. As SVs and ITA endothelial cells (ECs) have a considerable level of heterogeneity, we suggested that synergistic paracrine interactions between CA and ITA ECs (HCAECs and HITAECs, respectively) may explain the increased resistance of ITA grafts and adjacent CAs to atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this study, we measured the gene and protein expression of the molecules responsible for endothelial homeostasis, pro-inflammatory response, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HCAECs co-cultured with either HITAECs or SV ECs (HSaVECs) for an ascending duration. Upon the co-culture, HCAECs and HITAECs showed augmented expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and reduced expression of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors Snail and Slug when compared to the HCAEC–HSaVEC model. HCAECs co-cultured with HITAECs demonstrated an upregulation of HES1, a master regulator of arterial specification, of which the expression was also exclusively induced in HSaVECs co-cultured with HCAECs, suggestive of their arterialisation. In addition, co-culture of HCAECs and HITAECs promoted the release of pro-angiogenic molecules. To conclude, co-culture of HCAECs and HITAECs results in reciprocal and beneficial paracrine interactions that might contribute to the better performance of ITA grafts upon CABG.
Collapse
|
120
|
Vidanapathirana AK, Psaltis PJ, Bursill CA, Abell AD, Nicholls SJ. Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:435-463. [PMID: 33075148 DOI: 10.1002/med.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, volatile, cellular signaling molecule that operates across a wide physiological concentration range (pM-µM) in different tissues. It is a highly diffusible messenger and intermediate in various metabolic pathways. NO plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimum cardiovascular function, particularly by regulating vascular tone and blood flow. This review highlights the need for accurate, real-time bioimaging of NO in clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring, and theranostic applications within the cardiovascular system. We summarize electrochemical, optical, and nanoscale sensors that allow measurement and imaging of NO, both directly and indirectly via surrogate measurements. The physical properties of NO render it difficult to accurately measure in tissues using direct methods. There are also significant limitations associated with the NO metabolites used as surrogates to indirectly estimate NO levels. All these factors added to significant variability in the measurement of NO using available methodology have led to a lack of sensors and imaging techniques of clinical applicability in relevant vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Challenges in applying current methods to biomedical and clinical translational research, including the wide physiological range of NO and limitations due to the characteristics and toxicity of the sensors are discussed, as are potential targets and modifications for future studies. The development of biocompatible nanoscale sensors for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity for bioimaging NO within the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Zlokovic BV, Gottesman RF, Bernstein KE, Seshadri S, McKee A, Snyder H, Greenberg SM, Yaffe K, Schaffer CB, Yuan C, Hughes TM, Daemen MJ, Williamson JD, González HM, Schneider J, Wellington CL, Katusic ZS, Stoeckel L, Koenig JI, Corriveau RA, Fine L, Galis ZS, Reis J, Wright JD, Chen J. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1714-1733. [PMID: 33030307 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are characterized by the aging neurovascular unit being confronted with and failing to cope with biological insults due to systemic and cerebral vascular disease, proteinopathy including Alzheimer's biology, metabolic disease, or immune response, resulting in cognitive decline. This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations from a working group convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to evaluate the state of the field in VCID research, identify research priorities, and foster collaborations. As discussed in this report, advances in understanding the biological mechanisms of VCID across the wide spectrum of pathologies, chronic systemic comorbidities, and other risk factors may lead to potential prevention and new treatment strategies to decrease the burden of dementia. Better understanding of the social determinants of health that affect risks for both vascular disease and VCID could provide insight into strategies to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in VCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sudha Seshadri
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio and Boston University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ann McKee
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven M Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Chun Yuan
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luke Stoeckel
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roderick A Corriveau
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Fine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zorina S Galis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jue Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhu D, Tang Q, Yu B, Meng M, Liu W, Li J, Zhu T, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS, Zhang Y, Shi Y. Major histocompatibility complexes are up-regulated in glomerular endothelial cells via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in 5/6 nephrectomy mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5131-5147. [PMID: 32830316 PMCID: PMC7589013 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose This study aims to explore the mechanism underlying the up‐regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in glomerular endothelial cells in 5/6 nephrectomy mice. Experimental Approach C57/BL6 mice were randomly allocated to sham‐operated (2K) and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) groups. Mouse splenic lymphocytes, from either syngeneic or allogeneic background, were injected into 5/6Nx mice after total body irradiation. Human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) were cultured for experiments in vitro. Western blots, PCR, immunohistochemical and fluorescent staining were used, along with assays of tissue cytokines, lymphocyte migration and renal function. Key Results Four weeks after nephrectomy, expression of both mRNA and protein of MHC II, CD80, and CD86 were increased in 5/6Nx glomerular endothelial cells. After total body irradiation, 5/6Nx mice injected with lymphocytes from Balb/c mice, but not those from C57/BL6 mice, exhibited increased creatinine levels, indicating that allograft lymphocyte transfer impaired renal function. In HGECs, the protein levels of MHC and MHC Class II transactivator (CIITA) were increased by stimulation with TNF‐α or IFN‐γ, which promoted human lymphocytes movement. These increases were reduced by JNK inhibitors. In the 5/6Nx mice, JNK inhibition down‐regulated MHC II protein in glomerular endothelial cells, suggesting that JNK signalling participates in the regulation of MHC II protein. Conclusion and Implications Chronic inflammation in mice subjected to nephrectomy induces the up‐regulation of MHC molecules in glomerular endothelial cells. This up‐regulation is reduced by inhibition of JNK signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunye Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baixue Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Cziráki A, Lenkey Z, Sulyok E, Szokodi I, Koller A. L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide-Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Pathway and the Coronary Circulation: Translation of Basic Science Results to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569914. [PMID: 33117166 PMCID: PMC7550781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By 1980, it was thought that we already knew most of the major mechanisms regulating vascular tone. However, after the somewhat serendipity discovery that endothelium is involved in mediation of relaxation to acetylcholine, a whole new world opened up and we had to rewrite our concept regarding vascular function and its regulation (not to mention many other fields). The new player was an endothelium derived relaxing factor, which molecular constitution has been identified to be nitric oxide (NO). This review summarizes the major molecular steps concerning how NO is synthetized from L-arginine. Also, the fate of L-arginine is described via the arginase and methylation pathways; both of them are affecting substantially the level and efficacy of NO. In vitro and in vivo effects of L-arginine are summarized and controversial clinical findings are discussed. On the basis of the use of methylated L-arginines, the vasomotor effects of endothelial NO released to agonists and increases in flow/wall shear stress (a major biological stimulus) is summarized. In this review the role of NO in the regulation of coronary vascular resistance, hence blood flow, is delineated and the somewhat questionable clinical use of NO donors is discussed. We made an attempt to summarize the biosynthesis, role, and molecular mechanisms of endogenously produced methylated L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in modulating vascular resistance, affecting the function of the heart. Additionally, the relationship between ADMA level and various cardiovascular diseases is described, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and different types of coronary revascularization. A novel aspect of coronary vasomotor regulation is identified in which the pericardial fluid ADMA and endothelin play putative roles. Finally, some of the open possibilities for future research on L-arginine-NO-ADMA signaling are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Cziráki
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Lenkey
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- Institute of Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szokodi
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Center for Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Jang E, Robert J, Rohrer L, von Eckardstein A, Lee WL. Transendothelial transport of lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:111-125. [PMID: 33032832 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the arterial wall plays a pivotal role in the initiation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conversely, the removal of cholesterol from the intima by cholesterol efflux to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and subsequent reverse cholesterol transport shall confer protection against atherosclerosis. To reach the subendothelial space, both LDL and HDL must cross the intact endothelium. Traditionally, this transit is explained by passive filtration. This dogma has been challenged by the identification of several rate-limiting factors namely scavenger receptor SR-BI, activin like kinase 1, and caveolin-1 for LDL as well as SR-BI, ATP binding cassette transporter G1, and endothelial lipase for HDL. In addition, estradiol, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukins 6 and 17, purinergic signals, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were found to regulate transendothelial transport of either LDL or HDL. Thorough understanding of transendothelial lipoprotein transport is expected to elucidate new therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the development of strategies for the local delivery of drugs or diagnostic tracers into diseased tissues including atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jang
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jerome Robert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Muhammad RN, Sallam N, El-Abhar HS. Activated ROCK/Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK pathways in 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity: modulation by simvastatin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14693. [PMID: 32895407 PMCID: PMC7477553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of different solid tumors; however, its use is associated with rare, but serious cardiotoxicity. Nevertheless, the involvement of ROCK/NF-κB, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 trajectories in the cardiotoxic effect and in the potential cardioprotective upshot of simvastatin has been elusive. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 5-FU (50 mg/kg/week; i.p, 6 weeks), simvastatin (15 mg/kg/day; p.o, 8 weeks) treated groups and simvastatin + 5-FU, besides the normal control group. 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity boosted the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), aortic contents of endothelin (ET)-1 and thromboxane (TX) A2, as well as cardiac contents of NADPH oxidases (Nox), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)1/2 and the protein expressions of rho-kinase (ROCK) and caspase-3. On the other hand, it suppressed cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). Contrariwise, co-administration with simvastatin overcame these disturbed events and modulated the ROCK/NF-κB, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. This study highlights other mechanisms than coronary artery spasm in the 5-FU cardiotoxicity and reveals that NT-proBNP is a potential early marker in this case. Moreover, the cross-talk between ROCK/ NF-κB, ROS/COX-2/TXA2, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 pathways contributes via different means to upsetting the vasoconstriction/vasodilatation equilibrium as well as endothelial cell function and finally leads to cardiomyocyte stress and death—the modulation of these trajectories offers simvastatin its potential cardio-protection against 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Nasser Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Nada Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan Salah El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Shi Y, Leung SWS. Long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevents 17β-estradiol-induced suppression of cyclooxygenase-dependent contractions and enhancement of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173275. [PMID: 32535100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, the effects of 17β-estradiol supplement on endothelial function were examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following long-term inhibition of NO synthases with L-NAME. Female Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 12 weeks old. They were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg/day, intramuscularly) or its vehicle (olive oil) until they were killed. At 18 weeks old, they were administered daily with NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (60 mg/kg, by gavage) or its vehicle (distilled water) for 6 weeks. Rats were then anesthetized for blood pressure measurement and for isolation of mesenteric arteries and aortae for isometric tension measurement. Long-term L-NAME-treatment, without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, resulted in reduced plasma nitrite/nitrate level without causing an increase in blood pressure in OVX rats. Acute inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin improved relaxations of mesenteric arteries to the calcium ionophore A23187 in OVX rats, and in those with long-term L-NAME-treatment without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, but not in those with female hormone supplement only. 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment resulted in a greater endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries. In the quiescent aorta, 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment unmasked the COX-dependent components of A23187-induced contractions, but prevented that of the smooth muscle contractions to U46619 in OVX rats. In summary, long-term 17β-estradiol-supplement results in differential effects in different blood vessel types, and its beneficial vascular effects are masked under the conditions with NO synthase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Cai J, Chen J, Zeng Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Yao S, Chen Q. Assessment of the efficacy of α-lipoic acid in treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22161. [PMID: 32899103 PMCID: PMC7478782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus with erectile dysfunction (DMED) is one of the most common causes of disability in diabetic population, and its pathogenesis is related to a variety of factors. Because its pathogenesis is complex and the existing treatment methods have limitations, DMED is difficult to treat in clinical. Recently, some studies have shown that α-lipoic acid (ALA) is associated with DMED, but there is no systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between ALA and DMED. METHODS We will search each database from the built-in until July 2020. The English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, while the Chinese literature comes from CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang database. Simultaneously we will retrieve clinical registration tests and grey literatures. This study only screen the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about ALA for DMED to assess its efficacy. The 2 researchers worked independently on literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The dichotomous data is represented by relative risk (RR), and the continuous is expressed by mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD), eventually the data is synthesized using a fixed effect model (FEM) or a random effect model (REM) depending on whether or not heterogeneity exists. Erectile dysfunction (ED) will be diagnosed by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score. Finally, meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan software version 5.3. RESULTS This study will synthesize and provide high quality to evaluate the effectiveness of ALA supplementation for the treatment of DMED. CONCLUSION This systematic review aims to provide new options for ALA supplementation treatment of DMED in terms of its efficacy and safety. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202070130.
Collapse
|
128
|
Che D, Fang Z, Yan L, Du J, Li F, Xie J, Feng J, Yin P, Qi W, Yang Z, Ma J, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. Elevated pigment epithelium-derived factor induces diabetic erectile dysfunction via interruption of the Akt/Hsp90β/eNOS complex. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1857-1871. [PMID: 32377760 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a common complication of diabetes. The level of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is significantly upregulated in the serum of individuals with obesity and diabetes. However, whether elevated PEDF levels contribute to DMED remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic role of PEDF and its related mechanism in DMED. METHODS We enrolled 65 men, of whom 20 were nondiabetic control participants, 21 participants with diabetes but without erectile dysfunction, and 24 with DMED. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was administered to evaluate erectile function. Plasma PEDF in diabetic participants and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals was detected by ELISA. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring the intracavernous pressure (ICP) and the ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio in STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with PEDF-neutralising antibody (PEDF-Ab), db/db mice treated with PEDF-Ab, and Pedf knockout mice with STZ-induced diabetes. The overexpression of PEDF was implemented by intraperitoneal injection of recombinant PEDF and intracavernous injection of PEDF-expressing adenovirus. A mechanistic study was performed by immunofluorescence staining, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), immunoprecipitation and western blotting. RESULTS We found that the plasma level of PEDF was significantly higher in participants with DMED compared with diabetic counterparts without erectile dysfunction and nondiabetic controls. Interestingly, PEDF levels were negatively correlated with plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and erectile function in DMED patients and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, overexpression of PEDF significantly suppressed ICP and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in control rats. In contrast, the PEDF-Ab and Pedf knockout ameliorated ICP and eNOS phosphorylation in diabetic rats and mice. Mechanistically, PEDF promoted the membrane translocation of Hsp90β and directly bound to the amino acid residues 341-724 of Hsp90β on the endothelial cell surface, subsequently blocking intracellular Hsp90β/Akt/eNOS complex formation and downregulating eNOS phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that elevated PEDF levels contribute to impaired erectile function by suppressing Hsp90β-mediated eNOS phosphorylation and that PEDF may represent a novel therapeutic target for diabetic erectile dysfunction. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Che
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ti Zhou
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Endothelial Dysfunction Following Enhanced TMEM16A Activity in Human Pulmonary Arteries. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091984. [PMID: 32872351 PMCID: PMC7563136 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of different vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ion channelome changes have long been connected to vascular remodeling in PAH, yet only recently has the focus shifted towards Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCC). The most prominent member of the CaCC TMEM16A has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, however its role in the homeostasis of healthy human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) and in the development of endothelial dysfunction remains underrepresented. Here we report enhanced TMEM16A activity in IPAH PAECs by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using adenoviral-mediated TMEM16A increase in healthy primary human PAECs in vitro and in human pulmonary arteries ex vivo, we demonstrate the functional consequences of the augmented TMEM16A activity: alterations of Ca2+ dynamics and eNOS activity as well as decreased NO production, PAECs proliferation, wound healing, tube formation and acetylcholine-mediated relaxation of human pulmonary arteries. We propose that the ERK1/2 pathway is specifically affected by elevated TMEM16A activity, leading to these pathological changes. With this work we introduce increased TMEM16A activity in the cell membrane of human PAECs for the development of endothelial dysfunction in PAH.
Collapse
|
130
|
Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Regulation of Blood Pressure: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155358. [PMID: 32731518 PMCID: PMC7432568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney and the vasculature play crucial roles in regulating blood pressure. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a multienzyme process mediating covalent conjugation of the 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin to a substrate protein followed by proteasomal degradation, is involved in multiple cellular processes by regulating protein turnover in various tissues. Increasing evidence demonstrates the roles of UPS in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney, filtered sodium is reabsorbed through diverse sodium transporters and channels along renal tubules, and studies conducted till date have provided insights into the complex molecular network through which ubiquitin ligases modulate sodium transport in different segments. Components of these pathways include ubiquitin ligase neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2, Cullin-3, and Kelch-like 3. Moreover, accumulating data indicate the roles of UPS in blood vessels, where it modulates nitric oxide bioavailability and vasoconstriction. Cullin-3 not only regulates renal salt reabsorption but also controls vascular tone using different adaptor proteins that target distinct substrates in vascular smooth muscle cells. In endothelial cells, UPS can also contribute to blood pressure regulation by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of UPS in blood pressure regulation, focusing on renal sodium reabsorption and vascular function.
Collapse
|
131
|
Hwang CL, Elokda A, Ozemek C, Arena R, Phillips SA. More than a matter of the heart: the concept of intravascular multimorbidity in cardiac rehabilitation. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:557-562. [PMID: 32700592 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1798761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death of cardiovascular disease. It is initiated by atherosclerosis, which narrows the coronary arteries and limits blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Multiple pathophysiological conditions within the arteries, such as arterial wall thickening, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffening, are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. AREAS COVERED We introduce a new concept of 'intravascular multimorbidity,' the presence and integration of multiple pathophysiological conditions within the arteries. We also introduce some measurements of intravascular multimorbidity and discuss how these measurements can be utilized in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). EXPERT OPINION We propose that the measures of intravascular multimorbidity in different arteries may provide information on disease severity and serve as unique prognostic 'barometers' to disease progression in patients with CAD. By measuring the underlying disease mechanisms within the arteries and understanding individual variability of disease progression/regression, these measures may also provide a unique prognostic window in CR. The window into intravascular multimorbidity can help guide clinical strategies, for example, assessing progress and appropriate titration of exercise. Intravascular multimorbidity may represent an important opportunity for more researchers and clinical professions to evaluate patients in CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ahmed Elokda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Florida Golf Coast University , Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Roumeliotis S, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease, from Biology to Clinical Outcomes: A 2020 Update. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082359. [PMID: 32718053 PMCID: PMC7465707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses, thrombosis, and angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction is a threat to the integrity of the vascular system, and it is pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with this disturbance being almost universal in patients who reach the most advanced phase of CKD, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Low NO bioavailability in CKD depends on several mechanisms affecting the expression and the activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Accumulation of endogenous inhibitors of eNOS, inflammation and oxidative stress, advanced glycosylation products (AGEs), bone mineral balance disorders encompassing hyperphosphatemia, high levels of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and low levels of the active form of vitamin D (1,25 vitamin D) and the anti-ageing vasculoprotective factor Klotho all impinge upon NO bioavailability and are critical to endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Wide-ranging multivariate interventions are needed to counter endothelial dysfunction in CKD, an alteration triggering arterial disease and cardiovascular complications in this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy, Centre of Clinical Physiology, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Cal., c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Cal, Italy;
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy, Centre of Clinical Physiology, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Cal., c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Cal, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-340-73540-62
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Azizi S, Ebrahimi‐Mameghani M, Mobasseri M, Karamzad N, Mahdavi R. Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:64-72. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Azizi
- Student Research Committee School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - M. Ebrahimi‐Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - M. Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - N. Karamzad
- Student Research Committee School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - R. Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Mechanisms involved in the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory effect of an ethyl acetate fraction of Cyathea phalerata Mart. in isolated rats’ aorta rings. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:360-365. [PMID: 32695653 PMCID: PMC7365778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Cyathea phalerata Mart. is a tree fern, commonly known as “xaxim”, which is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil. The present study investigated the mechanisms related with the vasorelaxant effects of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) obtained from C. phalerata in rats’ thoracic aorta rings. In pre-contracted vessels, EAF (0.1–1000 μg/mL) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation. The endothelium denudation, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor reduced the vasodilation, indicating the participation of NO/cGMP pathway in its effect. The relaxation of EAF was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was significantly decreased in the presence of Ca2+ entry blocker, suggesting that Ca2+ influx plays an important role in EAF effect and probably in eNOS activity. However, the PI3K/Akt pathway is not responsible for eNOS phosphorylation/activation. The vasodilator effect of EAF was partially inhibited by KCl 40 mM and almost totally abolished with L-NOARG + KCl 40 mM, indicating also the role of hyperpolarization in its effect. Calcium activated K+ channels are not involved in the EAF-induced hyperpolarization. The COX inhibitor, indomethacin, slightly reduced the vasodilation induced by EAF. In addition, EAF did not alter the relaxant effects of NO-donor, indicating that the relaxant activity cannot be attributed to free radical-scavenging properties. In conclusion, the present study showed that the EAF, causes an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect in aorta that mainly involves the NO-cGMP pathway, hyperpolarization and prostanoids. The vasorelaxant activity of EAF can be attributed to the occurrence of polyphenol compounds. An ethyl acetate fraction obtained from Cyathea phalerata induces vasodilatation. EAF induced relaxation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. EAF increases the NO production and hyperpolarization that evoke vasodilation.
Collapse
|
135
|
Sharma M, Singh K, Himashree G, Bhaumik G, Kumar B, Sethy NK. Estrogen receptor (ESR1 and ESR2)-mediated activation of eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway facilitates high altitude acclimatization. Nitric Oxide 2020; 102:12-20. [PMID: 32544536 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Higher levels of circulatory nitric oxide (NO) and NO metabolites reportedly facilitate high altitude acclimatization. But the underlying factors and molecular pathways promoting NO production at high altitude has been poorly characterized. Studying healthy lowlanders at sea level (C, lowlander) and high altitude (3500 m, after day 1, 4 and 7 of ascent), we report higher protein levels of eNOS and eNOSSer1177, higher plasma levels of BH4, NOx (nitrate and nitrites), cGMP and lower levels of endogenous eNOS inhibitor ADMA during healthy high altitude acclimatization. Our qRT-PCR-based gene expression studies identified higher levels of eNOS/NOS3 mRNA along with several other eNOS pathway genes like CALM1, SLC7A1 and DNM2. In addition, we observed higher mRNA levels of estrogen (E2) receptors ERα/ESR1 and ERβ/ESR2 at high altitude that transcriptionally activates NOS3. We also observed higher mRNA level of membrane receptor ERBB2 that phosphorylates eNOS at Ser1177 and thus augments NO availability. Evaluating E2 biosynthesis at high altitude, we report higher plasma levels of CYP11A1, CYP19A1, E2, lower levels of testosterone (T) and T/E2 ratio as compared to sea level. Correlation studies revealed moderate positive correlation between E2 and NOx (R = 0.68, p = 0.02) after day 4 and cGMP (R = 0.69, p = 0.02) after day 7 at high altitude. These findings suggest a causative role of E2 and its receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in augmenting eNOS activity and NO availability during healthy high altitude ascent. These results will aid in better understanding of NO production during hypobaric hypoxia and help in designing better high altitude acclimatization protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Krishan Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India; High Altitude Medical Research Centre (HAMRC), C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, 901205, India
| | - Gidugu Himashree
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India; Military Hospital, Nasirabad, Rajasthan, 305601, India
| | - Gopinath Bhaumik
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Macrovascular and Microvascular Endothelial Function is Not Affected by the Provision of Caloric Restriction in Women with Obesity: A Randomized Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061649. [PMID: 32498328 PMCID: PMC7352173 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity impairs both macro- and microvascular endothelial function due to decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide. Current evidence on the effect of low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on endothelial function is conflicting and confounded by the provision of caloric restriction (CR). We tested the hypothesis that LC without CR diet, but not LC with CR diet, would improve macro- and microvascular endothelial function in women with obesity. Twenty-one healthy women with obesity (age: 33 ± 2 years, body mass index: 33.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2; mean ± SEM) were randomly assigned to receive either a LC diet (~10% carbohydrate calories) with CR (n = 12; 500 calorie/day deficit) or a LC diet without CR (n = 9) and completed the 6-week diet intervention. After the intervention, macrovascular endothelial function, measured as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation did not change (7.3 ± 0.9% to 8.0 ± 1.1%, p = 0.7). On the other hand, following the LC diet intervention, regardless of CR, blocking nitric oxide production decreased microvascular endothelial function, measured by arteriolar flow-induced dilation (p ≤ 0.02 for both diets) and the magnitude was more than baseline (p ≤ 0.04). These data suggest improved NO contributions following the intervention. In conclusion, a 6-week LC diet, regardless of CR, may improve microvascular, but not macrovascular endothelial function, via increasing bioavailability of nitric oxide in women with obesity.
Collapse
|
137
|
Sanches E, Topal B, Proczko M, Stepaniak PS, Severin R, Phillips SA, Sabbahi A, Pujol Rafols J, Pouwels S. Endothelial function in obesity and effects of bariatric and metabolic surgery. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:343-353. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1767594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Sanches
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Besir Topal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Gdansk University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pieter S. Stepaniak
- Department of Operating Rooms, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rich Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, Integrative Physiologic Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ahmad Sabbahi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Integrative Physiologic Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Mate A, Blanca AJ, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Stiefel P, Sobrevia L, Vázquez CM. Insulin Therapy in Pregnancy Hypertensive Diseases and its Effect on the Offspring and Mother Later in Life. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:455-464. [PMID: 30426902 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666181114125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy hypertensive disorders such as Preeclampsia (PE) are strongly correlated with insulin resistance, a condition in which the metabolic handling of D-glucose is deficient. In addition, the impact of preeclampsia is enhanced by other insulin-resistant disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. For this reason, there is a clear association between maternal insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and the development of PE. However, whether PE is a consequence or the cause of these disorders is still unclear. Insulin therapy is usually recommended to pregnant women with diabetes mellitus when dietary and lifestyle measures have failed. The advantage of insulin therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) patients with hypertension is still controversial; surprisingly, there are no studies in which insulin therapy has been used in patients with hypertension in pregnancy without or with an established GDM. This review is focused on the use of insulin therapy in hypertensive disorders in the pregnancy and its effect on offspring and mother later in life. PubMed and relevant medical databases have been screened for literature covering research in the field especially in the last 5-10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ Universidad de Sevilla, E- 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Blanca
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Coronarias Agudas, Instituto del Corazón, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Pablo Stiefel
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ Universidad de Sevilla, E- 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ Universidad de Sevilla, E- 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zapotoczny B, Braet F, Wisse E, Lekka M, Szymonski M. Biophysical nanocharacterization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through atomic force microscopy. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:625-636. [PMID: 32424787 PMCID: PMC7311612 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural-functional hallmark of the liver sinusoidal endothelium is the presence of fenestrae grouped in sieve plates. Fenestrae are open membrane bound pores supported by a (sub)membranous cytoskeletal lattice. Changes in number and diameter of fenestrae alter bidirectional transport between the sinusoidal blood and the hepatocytes. Their physiological relevance has been shown in different liver disease models. Although the structural organization of fenestrae has been well documented using different electron microscopy approaches, the dynamic nature of those pores remained an enigma until the recent developments in the research field of four dimensional (4-D) AFM. In this contribution we highlight how AFM as a biophysical nanocharacterization tool enhanced our understanding in the dynamic behaviour of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Different AFM probing approaches, including spectroscopy, enabled mapping of topography and nanomechanical properties at unprecedented resolution under live cell imaging conditions. This dynamic biophysical characterization approach provided us with novel information on the 'short' life-span, formation, disappearance and closure of hepatic fenestrae. These observations are briefly reviewed against the existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Braet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Nanoscopy, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Impaired l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2061-2067. [PMID: 31654065 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying resistant hypertension remain elusive. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is frequently documented in chronic kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and advanced age, all of which are risk factors for resistant hypertension. Sympathetic overactivity and chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin system are salient features of resistant hypertension. Interestingly, recent data indicate that renal sympathetic overactivity can reduce the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the paraventricular nucleus. Reduced NO levels in the paraventricular nucleus can increase sympathetic outflow and this can create a vicious cycle contributing to resistant hypertension. Angiotensin II can reduce l-arginine transport and hence NO production. Reduced NO levels may reduce the formation of angiotensin 1-7 dampening the cardio-protective effects of the renin-angiotensin system contributing to resistant hypertension. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is demonstrated to be independently associated with resistant hypertension, and IL-6 can reduce NO synthesis. Despite this, NO levels have not been quantified in resistant hypertension. Findings from a small proof of concept study indicate that NO donors can reduce blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension but more studies are required to validate these preliminary findings. In the present paper, we put forward the hypothesis that reduced NO bioavailability contributes substantially to the development of resistant hypertension.
Collapse
|
141
|
Carullo G, Ahmed A, Fusi F, Sciubba F, Di Cocco ME, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Saponara S, Aiello F. Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by Red Wine and Pomace Extracts of Magliocco Dolce cv. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13050087. [PMID: 32375256 PMCID: PMC7281491 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies demonstrate that moderate (red) wine consumption may afford protection against cardiovascular diseases. Protection is ascribed to the biological activity of wine components, many of which, however, are discarded during winemaking. In vitro rat thoracic aorta rings contracted with phenylephrine or KCl were used to assess the vasorelaxant activity of extracts from wine pomaces (seeds and skins) of the Calabrian autochthonous grape variety Magliocco dolce (Arvino). NMR spectroscopy was used to ascertain their chemical composition. Data demonstrate that seed and skin, but not must, extracts are capable of relaxing vascular preparations in an endothelium-dependent manner, similarly to the red wine extract, due to the presence of comparable amounts of bioactive constituents. In rings pre-contracted with 20–30 mM KCl, only seed extracts showed a moderate relaxation. The most efficacious vasodilating extract (wine) showed a good antioxidant profile in both [(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)acid] radical (DPPH) and [2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical (ABTS) assays. In conclusion, winemaking from Magliocco dolce grape can provide potentially health-promoting by-products useful in cardiovascular disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (D.R.); (U.G.S.)
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Maria Enrica Di Cocco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (D.R.); (U.G.S.)
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (D.R.); (U.G.S.)
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (D.R.); (U.G.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Zhu Z, Peng X, Li X, Tu T, Yang H, Teng S, Zhang W, Xing Z, Tang J, Hu X, Fang Z, Zhou S. HMGB1 impairs endothelium‐dependent relaxation in diabetes through TLR4/eNOS pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:8641-8652. [PMID: 32359123 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000242r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhu
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiaofan Peng
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xuping Li
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Tao Tu
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Hui Yang
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine NC USA
| | - Zhenhua Xing
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jianjun Tang
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Yang D, Yang Z, Chen L, Kuang D, Zou Y, Li J, Deng X, Luo S, Luo J, He J, Yan M, He G, Deng Y, Li R, Yuan Q, Zhou Y, Jiang P, Tan S. Dihydromyricetin increases endothelial nitric oxide production and inhibits atherosclerosis through microRNA-21 in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5911-5925. [PMID: 32301289 PMCID: PMC7214150 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products were extracted from traditional Chinese herbal emerging as potential therapeutic drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the role and underlying mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, in atherosclerosis. DMY treatment significantly inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation, proinflammatory gene expression and the influx of lesional macrophages and CD4‐positive T cells in the vessel wall and hepatic inflammation, whereas increases nitric oxide (NO) production and improves lipid metabolism in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Yet, those protective effects are abrogated by using NOS inhibitor L‐NAME in Apoe−/− mice received DMY. Mechanistically, DMY decreases microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and increases its target gene dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase‐1 (DDAH1) expression, an effect that reduces asymmetric aimethlarginine (ADMA) levels, and increases endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NO production in cultured HUVECs, vascular endothelium of atherosclerotic lesions and liver. In contrast, systemic delivery of miR‐21 in Apoe−/− mice or miR‐21 overexpression in cultured HUVECs abrogates those DMY‐mediated protective effects. These data demonstrate that endothelial miR‐21‐inhibited DDAH1‐ADMA‐eNOS‐NO pathway promotes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which can be rescued by DMY. Thus, DMY may represent a potential therapeutic adjuvant in atherosclerosis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhousheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dabin Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgey, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guixia He
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- New Drugs Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenglan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Zhang H, Pan Q, Xie Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Bihl J, Zhong W, Chen Y, Zhao B, Ma X. Implication of MicroRNA503 in Brain Endothelial Cell Function and Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1148-1164. [PMID: 32285355 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of miR-503 in brain endothelium and ischemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. We aimed to study the relationship between plasma miR-503 and the onset time, severity, subtypes, and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) level in IS patients and to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-503 in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice and cultured cerebral vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In MCAO mice, the effects of plasma from acute severe IS patients (ASS) with or without miR-503 antagomir on brain and ECs damage were determined. In cultured human ECs, the effects of miR-503 overexpression or knockdown on the monolayer permeability, apoptosis, ROS, and NO generation were investigated. For mechanism study, the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway, cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 were analyzed. Results showed that plasma miR-503 was significantly increased in IS patients, especially in acute period and severe cases and subtypes of LAA and TACI, and was positively correlated with vWF. Logistic analysis indicated that miR-503 was an independent risk factor for IS, with the area under curve of 0.796 in ROC analysis. In MCAO mice, ASS pretreatment aggravated neurological injury, BBB damage, brain edema, CBF reduction, and decreased NO production while increased apoptosis and ROS generation in brain ECs, which were partly abolished by miR-503 antagomir. In cultured ECs, miR-503 overexpression and knockdown confirmed its effects on regulating monolayer permeability, cell apoptosis, NO, and ROS generation via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway or bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. These together indicate that miR-503 is a promising biomarker and novel therapeutic target for IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Qunwen Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Zi Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45430, USA
| | - Ji Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45430, USA
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45430, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Huang J, Cai C, Zheng T, Wu X, Wang D, Zhang K, Xu B, Yan R, Gong H, Zhang J, Shi Y, Xu Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Shang T, Zhou J, Guo X, Zeng C, Lai EY, Xiao C, Chen J, Wan S, Liu WH, Ke Y, Cheng H. Endothelial Scaffolding Protein ENH (Enigma Homolog Protein) Promotes PHLPP2 (Pleckstrin Homology Domain and Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2)-Mediated Dephosphorylation of AKT1 and eNOS (Endothelial NO Synthase) Promoting Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1705-1721. [PMID: 32268790 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A decrease in nitric oxide, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, is a common pathological feature of vascular proliferative diseases. Nitric oxide synthesis by eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is precisely regulated by protein kinases including AKT1. ENH (enigma homolog protein) is a scaffolding protein for multiple protein kinases, but whether it regulates eNOS activation and vascular remodeling remains unknown. Approach and Results: ENH was upregulated in injured mouse arteries and human atherosclerotic plaques and was associated with coronary artery disease. Neointima formation in carotid arteries, induced by ligation or wire injury, was greatly decreased in endothelium-specific ENH-knockout mice. Vascular ligation reduced AKT and eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in the endothelium of control but not ENH-knockout mice. ENH was found to interact with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 (pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2). AKT and eNOS activation were prolonged in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced ENH- or PHLPP2-deficient endothelial cells. Inhibitors of either AKT or eNOS effectively restored ligation-induced neointima formation in ENH-knockout mice. Moreover, endothelium-specific PHLPP2-knockout mice displayed reduced ligation-induced neointima formation. Finally, PHLPP2 was increased in the endothelia of human atherosclerotic plaques and blood cells from patients with coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS ENH forms a complex with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 to negatively regulate AKT1 activation in the artery endothelium. AKT1 deactivation, a decrease in nitric oxide generation, and subsequent neointima formation induced by vascular injury are mediated by ENH and PHLPP2. ENH and PHLPP2 are thus new proatherosclerotic factors that could be therapeutically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (C.C., C.Z.)
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (D.W., X.G.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (B.X.)
| | - Ruochen Yan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, China (H.G.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J. Zhang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (X. Zhang)
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (T.S.)
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J. Zhou)
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (D.W., X.G.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (C.C., C.Z.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (E.Y.L.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China (C.X., W.-H.L.).,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.X.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C.)
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China (S.W.)
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China (C.X., W.-H.L.)
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Gluvic ZM, Obradovic MM, Sudar-Milovanovic EM, Zafirovic SS, Radak DJ, Essack MM, Bajic VB, Takashi G, Isenovic ER. Regulation of nitric oxide production in hypothyroidism. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109881. [PMID: 31986413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that predominantly occurs in females. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the molecular mechanism is not known. Disturbance in lipid metabolism, the regulation of oxidative stress, and inflammation characterize the progression of subclinical hypothyroidism. The initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction also exhibit these changes, which is the initial step in developing CVD. Animal and human studies highlight the critical role of nitric oxide (NO) as a reliable biomarker for cardiovascular risk in subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism. In this review, we summarize the recent literature findings associated with NO production by the thyroid hormones in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We also discuss the levothyroxine treatment effect on serum NO levels in hypothyroid patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M Gluvic
- Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan M Obradovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Emina M Sudar-Milovanovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja S Zafirovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Magbubah M Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gojobori Takashi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Graves SI, Baker DJ. Implicating endothelial cell senescence to dysfunction in the ageing and diseased brain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:102-110. [PMID: 32162446 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are integral components of both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU). As the primary cell type of the BBB, CECs are responsible for the tight regulation of molecular transport between the brain parenchyma and the periphery. Additionally, CECs are essential in neurovascular coupling where they help regulate cerebral blood flow in response to regional increases in cellular demand in the NVU. CEC dysfunction occurs during both normative ageing and in cerebrovascular disease, which leads to increased BBB permeability and neurovascular uncoupling. This MiniReview compiles what is known about the molecular changes underlying CEC dysfunction, many of which are reminiscent of cells that have become senescent. In general, cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible growth arrest characterized by the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses. We discuss evidence for endothelial cell senescence in ageing and cardiovascular disease, and how CEC senescence may contribute to age-related cerebrovascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Graves
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Shimokawa H. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular health and disease: special references to nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and Rho-kinase. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:83-91. [PMID: 32231403 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial cells synthesize and release endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including vasodilator prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors. Importantly, the contribution of EDRFs to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation markedly varies in a vessel size-dependent manner; NO mainly mediates vasodilatation of relatively large vessels, while EDH factors in small resistance vessels. We have previously identified that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an EDH factor especially in microcirculation. Several lines of evidence indicate the importance of the physiological balance between NO and H2O2/EDH factor. Rho-kinase was identified as the effectors of the small GTP-binding protein, RhoA. Both endothelial NO production and NO-mediated signaling in VSMC are targets and effectors of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. In endothelial cells, the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway negatively regulates NO production. On the contrary, the pathway enhances VSMC contraction with resultant occurrence of coronary artery spasm and promotes the development of oxidative stress and vascular remodeling. In this review, I will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, with special references to NO and H2O2/EDH factor, in relation to Rho-kinase, in cardiovascular health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Sun HJ, Lee WT, Leng B, Wu ZY, Yang Y, Bian JS. Nitroxyl as a Potential Theranostic in the Cancer Arena. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:331-349. [PMID: 31617376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: As one-electron reduced molecule of nitric oxide (NO), nitroxyl (HNO) has gained enormous attention because of its novel physiological or pharmacological properties, ranging from cardiovascular protective actions to antitumoricidal effects. Recent Advances: HNO is emerging as a new entity with therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling, NO. The interests in the chemical, pharmacological, and biological characteristics of HNO have broadened our current understanding of its role in physiology and pathophysiology. Critical Issues: In particular, the experimental evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of HNO in tumor pharmacology, such as neuroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumor, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. Indeed, HNO donors have been demonstrated to attenuate tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Future Directions: In this review, the generation and detection of HNO are outlined, and the roles of HNO in cancer progression are further discussed. We anticipate that the completion of this review might give novel insights into the roles of HNO in cancer pharmacology and open up a novel field of cancer therapy based on HNO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Taha A, Sharifpanah F, Wartenberg M, Sauer H. Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate vascular differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7094-7106. [PMID: 32020589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites may influence cell fate regulation. Herein, we investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA) as ω-6 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as ω-3 PUFA and palmitic acid (PA) on vasculogenesis of embryonic stem (ES) cells. LA and EPA increased vascular structure formation and protein expression of the endothelial-specific markers fetal liver kinase-1, CD31 as well as VE-cadherin, whereas PA was without effect. LA and EPA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), activated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and raised intracellular calcium. The calcium response was inhibited by the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA, sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate which is an antagonist of CD36, the scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake as well as by a CD36 blocking antibody. Prevention of ROS generation by radical scavengers or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 and inhibition of eNOS by L-NAME blunted vasculogenesis. PUFAs stimulated AMP activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). AMPK activation was abolished by calcium chelation as well as inhibition of ROS and NO generation. Moreover, PUFA-induced vasculogenesis was blunted by the PPAR-α inhibitor GW6471. In conclusion, ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs stimulate vascular differentiation of ES cells via mechanisms involving calcium, ROS and NO, which regulate function of the energy sensors AMPK and PPAR-α and determine the metabolic signature of vascular cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Taha
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Sharifpanah
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|