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Scaroni C, Zilio M, Foti M, Boscaro M. Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:189-219. [PMID: 28368467 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An impaired glucose metabolism, which often leads to the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a common complication of chronic exposure to exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess and plays an important part in contributing to morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS). This article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of changes in glucose metabolism associated with hypercortisolism, addressing both the pathophysiological aspects and the clinical and therapeutic implications. Chronic hypercortisolism may have pleiotropic effects on all major peripheral tissues governing glucose homeostasis. Adding further complexity, both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms are directly induced by GCs in a context-specific and cell-/organ-dependent manner. In this paper, the discussion focuses on established and potential pathologic molecular mechanisms that are induced by chronically excessive circulating levels of GCs and affect glucose homeostasis in various tissues. The management of patients with CS and DM includes treating their hyperglycemia and correcting their GC excess. The effects on glycemic control of various medical therapies for CS are reviewed in this paper. The association between DM and subclinical CS and the role of screening for CS in diabetic patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Scaroni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zilio
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genèva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Boscaro
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
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102
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Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: To promote or to suppress? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:144-164. [PMID: 28088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of highly reactive ions and molecules, are increasingly being appreciated as powerful signaling molecules involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Indeed, their role is continuously being delineated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. For instance, cancer cells are shown to have increased ROS levels in comparison to their normal counterparts. This is partly due to an enhanced metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. The escalated ROS generation in cancer cells contributes to the biochemical and molecular changes necessary for the tumor initiation, promotion and progression, as well as, tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, increased ROS in cancer cells may provide a unique opportunity to eliminate cancer cells via elevating ROS to highly toxic levels intracellularly, thereby, activating various ROS-induced cell death pathways, or inhibiting cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Such results can be achieved by using agents that either increase ROS generation, or inhibit antioxidant defense, or even a combination of both. In fact, a large variety of anticancer drugs, and some of those currently under clinical trials, effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance via enhancing ROS generation and/or impeding the antioxidant defense mechanism. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor promoting (tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance) and the tumor suppressive (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis) functions of ROS, and highlights the potential mechanism(s) involved. It also sheds light on a very novel and an actively growing field of ROS-dependent cell death mechanism referred to as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Al Jalila Foundation Research Centre, P.O. Box 300100, Dubai, UAE.
| | - Anees Rahman
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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103
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Oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation by palmitate in type 2 diabetes. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e291. [PMID: 28154371 PMCID: PMC5336562 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important substrates for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis but also cause serious stress to various tissues, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases. CD36 is a major mediator of cellular FFA uptake. Inside the cell, saturated FFAs are able to induce the production of cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be prevented by co-exposure to unsaturated FFAs. There are close connections between oxidative stress and organellar Ca2+ homeostasis. Highly oxidative conditions induced by palmitate trigger aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release and thereby deplete ER Ca2+ stores. The resulting ER Ca2+ deficiency impairs chaperones of the protein folding machinery, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. This ER stress may further aggravate oxidative stress by augmenting ER ROS production. Secondary to ER Ca2+ release, cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentrations can also be altered. In addition, plasmalemmal ion channels operated by ER Ca2+ depletion mediate persistent Ca2+ influx, further impairing cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload causes superoxide production and functional impairment, culminating in apoptosis. This vicious cycle of lipotoxicity occurs in multiple tissues, resulting in β-cell failure and insulin resistance in target tissues, and further aggravates diabetic complications.
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104
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Liu JJ, Ghosh S, Kovalik JP, Ching J, Choi HW, Tavintharan S, Ong CN, Sum CF, Summers SA, Tai ES, Lim SC. Profiling of Plasma Metabolites Suggests Altered Mitochondrial Fuel Usage and Remodeling of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 2:470-480. [PMID: 29142974 PMCID: PMC5678636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is incompletely understood. We aim to elucidate metabolic abnormalities associated with DKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by targeted plasma metabolomics. Methods A total of 126 T2DM participants with early DKD (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] 30−299 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), 154 overt DKD (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g or eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), and 129 non-DKD T2DM controls (ACR < 30 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were included in discovery study. Findings were subsequently validated in 149 T2DM with macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g) and 149 matched non-DKD T2DM controls. Plasma amino acid, acylcarnitine, Krebs cycle organic acid, and sphingolipids/ceramide levels were quantified by liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. Results Of 123 metabolites included in the data analysis, 24 differed significantly between DKD and controls in the same direction in both discovery and validation subpopulations. A number of short acylcarnitines including their dicarboxylic derivatives (C2−C6) were elevated in DKD, suggesting abnormalities in fatty acids and amino acids metabolic pathways. Five phosphatidylcholines were lower whereas 4 metabolites in the sphingomyelin−ceramide subfamily were higher in DKD. Principal component regression revealed that long-chain ceramides were independently associated with ACR but not eGFR. Conversely, essential amino acids catabolism and short dicarboxylacylcarnitine accumulation were associated with eGFR but not ACR. Discussion DKD is associated with altered fuel substrate use and remodeling of sphingolipid metabolism in T2DM with DKD. Associations of albuminuria and impaired filtration function with distinct metabolomic signatures suggest different pathophysiology underlying these 2 manifestations of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Hyung Won Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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105
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Lipidomics-Reshaping the Analysis and Perception of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111841. [PMID: 27827927 PMCID: PMC5133841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle as well as changed nutritional behavior, today's societies are challenged by the rapid propagation of metabolic disorders. A common feature of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), is the dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these diseases is hampered by the complexity of lipid metabolic pathways on a cellular level. Furthermore, overall lipid homeostasis in higher eukaryotic organisms needs to be maintained by a highly regulated interplay between tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver and muscle. Unraveling pathological mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders therefore requires a diversified approach, integrating basic cellular research with clinical research, ultimately relying on the analytical power of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of lipidomics approaches to resolve the pathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and to identify suitable biomarkers for clinical application. Due to its growing impact worldwide, we focus on T2D to highlight the key role of lipidomics in our current understanding of this disease, discuss remaining questions and suggest future strategies to address them.
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106
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Gonzalez FJ, Jiang C, Patterson AD. An Intestinal Microbiota-Farnesoid X Receptor Axis Modulates Metabolic Disease. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:845-859. [PMID: 27639801 PMCID: PMC5159222 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is associated with metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as shown by correlative studies and by transplant of microbiota from obese humans and mice into germ-free mice. Modification of the microbiota by treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with tempol or antibiotics resulted in decreased adverse metabolic phenotypes. This was owing to lower levels of the genera Lactobacillus and decreased bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. The decreased BSH resulted in increased levels of tauro-β-muricholic acid (MCA), a substrate of BSH and a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. Mice lacking expression of FXR in the intestine were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, thus confirming that intestinal FXR is involved in the potentiation of metabolic disease. A potent intestinal FXR antagonist, glycine-β-MCA (Gly-MCA), which is resistant to BSH, was developed, which, when administered to HFD-treated mice, mimics the effect of the altered microbiota on HFD-induced metabolic disease. Gly-MCA had similar effects on genetically obese leptin-deficient mice. The decrease in adverse metabolic phenotype by tempol, antibiotics, and Gly-MCA was caused by decreased serum ceramides. Mice lacking FXR in the intestine also have lower serum ceramide levels, and are resistant to HFD-induced metabolic disease, and this was reversed by injection of C16:0 ceramide. In mouse ileum, because of the presence of endogenous FXR agonists produced in the liver, FXR target genes involved in ceramide synthesis are activated and when Gly-MCA is administered they are repressed, which likely accounts for the decrease in serum ceramides. These studies show that ceramides produced in the ileum under control of FXR influence metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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107
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Zhu Q, Zhu R, Jin J. Neutral ceramidase-enriched exosomes prevent palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1078-1084. [PMID: 27833848 PMCID: PMC5095145 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oversupply of free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) from the portal vein may cause liver insulin resistance. Production of reactive oxygen species plays a pivotal role in PA‐induced insulin resistance in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes. Recently, we found that exosomes secreted from INS‐1 cells that were transfected with neutral ceramidase (NCDase) plasmids had raised NCDase activity; these NCDase‐enriched exosomes could inhibit PA‐induced INS‐1 cell apoptosis. Here, we showed that PA reduced insulin‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 2 and decreased insulin‐stimulated uptake of the fluorescent glucose analog 2‐NBDG, confirming that insulin resistance occurred in PA‐treated H4IIEC3 cells. Moreover, NCDase‐enriched exosomes from INS‐1 cells rescued PA‐induced H4IIEC3 insulin resistance and blocked PA‐induced reactive oxygen species production in which ceramide was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China; China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center Guilin Medical University Guangxi China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guangxi China
| | - Junfei Jin
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center Guilin Medical University Guangxi China; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guangxi China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair Guilin Medical University Guangxi China
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108
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Glucose or Altered Ceramide Biosynthesis Mediate Oxygen Deprivation Sensitivity Through Novel Pathways Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3149-3160. [PMID: 27507791 PMCID: PMC5068937 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.031583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes display metabolic abnormalities, such as hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and altered ceramide levels, that contribute to vascular dysfunctions and compromised oxygen delivery. Caenorhabditis elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet or with altered ceramide metabolism, due to a hyl-2 mutation, are sensitive to oxygen deprivation (anoxia). Our experiments showed that the combination of these factors further decreased the anoxia survival. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to assess how a glucose-supplemented diet and/or a hyl-2 mutation altered the transcriptome. Comparison analysis of transcripts associated with anoxia-sensitive animals [hyl-2(tm2031) mutation or a glucose diet] revealed 199 common transcripts encoded by genes with known or predicted functions involving innate immunity, cuticle function (collagens), or xenobiotic and endobiotic phase I and II detoxification system. Use of RNA interference (RNAi) to target gene products of the xenobiotic and endobiotic phase I and II detoxification system (UDP-glycosyltransferase and Cytochrome p450 genes; ugt-15, ugt-18, ugt-19, ugt-41, ugt-63, cyp-13A12, cyp-25A1, and cyp-33C8) increased anoxia survival in wild-type animals fed a standard diet. Anoxia sensitivity of the hyl-2(tm2031) animals was suppressed by RNAi of cyp-25A1 or cyp-33C8 genes. A glucose diet fed to the P0 hermaphrodite decreased the anoxia survival of its F1 embryos; however, the RNAi of ugt-63 and cyp-33C8 suppressed anoxia sensitivity. These studies provide evidence that the detoxification system impacts oxygen deprivation responses and that C. elegans can be used to model the conserved detoxification system.
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109
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Ene CD, Penescu M, Anghel A, Neagu M, Budu V, Nicolae I. Monitoring Diabetic Nephropathy by Circulating Gangliosides. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:68-79. [PMID: 26359623 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are multifunctional molecules, abundantly expressed in renal cell membrane but also in sera of patients with renal disease. The aim of this study was to quantify the serum levels of sialic acid-ganglioside in patients diagnosed with diabetes for an eventual biomarker stratification of patients with renal complications. We included 35 diabetic patients without metabolic complications, 35 patients with diabetic nephropathy, 35 non-diabetic individuals. We found that sialic acid ganglioside serum level was significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to the level obtained in patients with uncomplicated diabetes and to non-diabetic controls. A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between serum levels of sialic acid gangliosides, HbA1c, and serum creatinine in patients with diabetes without complications. Moreover positive correlation was found between sialic acid ganglioside and blood glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We can conclude that serum sialic acid-gangliosides are statistically increased in diabetic nephropathy positively correlated with microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea Penescu
- a Dr. Carol Davila Clinical Nephrology Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Monica Neagu
- c Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Immunobiology Laboratory , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Vlad Budu
- d Prof. Dr. D. Hociotă Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional Surgery ENT , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- e Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infections and Tropical Diseases , Research Department in Dermatology , Bucharest , Romania
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110
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Hernández-Corbacho MJ, Salama MF, Canals D, Senkal CE, Obeid LM. Sphingolipids in mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:56-68. [PMID: 27697478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids found in cell membranes that exert a critical role in signal transduction. In recent years, it has become apparent that sphingolipids participate in growth, senescence, differentiation and apoptosis. The anabolism and catabolism of sphingolipids occur in discrete subcellular locations and consist of a strictly regulated and interconnected network, with ceramide as the central hub. Altered sphingolipid metabolism is linked to several human diseases. Hence, an advanced knowledge of how and where sphingolipids are metabolized is of paramount importance in order to understand the role of sphingolipids in cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of sphingolipid metabolism. We focus on the distinct pathways of ceramide synthesis, highlighting the mitochondrial ceramide generation, transport of ceramide to mitochondria and its role in the regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitophagy and implications to disease. We will discuss unanswered questions and exciting future directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Hernández-Corbacho
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Daniel Canals
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Can E Senkal
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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111
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Increased Plasma Levels of Select Deoxy-ceramide and Ceramide Species are Associated with Increased Odds of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:46-56. [PMID: 27388466 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma deoxy-sphingoid bases are elevated in type 2 diabetes patients and correlate with the stage of diabetic distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy; however, associations between deoxy-sphingolipids (DSL) and neuropathy in type 1 diabetes have not been examined. The primary aim of this exploratory pilot study was to assess the associations between multiple sphingolipid species including DSL and free amino acids and the presence of symptomatic neuropathy in a DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes subcohort. Using mass spectroscopy, plasma levels of DSL and free amino acids in DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes participants (n = 80), with and without symptoms of neuropathy, were investigated. Patient-determined neuropathy was based on 15-item self-administered questionnaire (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument) developed to assess distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. Patients who scored ≥4, or reported inability to sense their feet during walking or to distinguish hot from cold water while bathing were considered neuropathic. Plasma levels of ceramide, sphingomyelin, hexosyl- and lactosylceramide species, and amino acids were measured and analyzed relative to neuropathy status in the patient. Deoxy-C24-ceramide, C24- and C26-ceramide were higher in patients with neuropathy than those without neuropathy. Cysteine was higher in patients with neuropathy. No differences in other sphingolipids or amino acids were detected. The covariate-adjusted Odds Ratios of positive patient-reported neuropathy was associated with increased levels of deoxy-C24-, and deoxy-C24:1-ceramide; C22-, C24-, and C26-ceramide; and cysteine. Plasma deoxy-ceramide and ceramide species may have potential diagnostic and prognostic significance in diabetic neuropathy.
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112
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Dai YE, Chen W, Qi H, Liu QQ. Effect of bisphenol A on SOCS-3 and insulin signaling transduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:331-6. [PMID: 27176707 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), affects secretion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) and insulin signaling transduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated for 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h with BPA at 80 µM in serum‑deprived medium. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of SOCS‑3 and protein expression levels of SOCS‑3, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‑1), phosphorylated (p)‑IRS‑1, Akt and p‑Akt. The levels of p‑IRS‑1, Akt and p‑Akt in cultures treated for 6 h with BPA were also analyzed by immunofluorescence. The SOCS‑3 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in the 6, 12 and 24 h groups. The levels of p‑IRS‑1 and p‑Akt protein were markedly downregulated, while the level of IRS‑1 and Akt protein remained unaltered among these groups, which was consistent with the results observed using immunofluorescence. BPA may inhibit insulin signal transduction and result in the occurrence of insulin resistance via promoting the expression of SOCS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-E Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Humin Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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113
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Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1513-24. [PMID: 26924249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart balances uptake, metabolism and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) to maintain ATP production, membrane biosynthesis and lipid signaling. Under conditions where FA uptake outpaces FA oxidation and FA sequestration as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, toxic FA metabolites such as ceramides, diacylglycerols, long-chain acyl-CoAs, and acylcarnitines can accumulate in cardiomyocytes and cause cardiomyopathy. Moreover, studies using mutant mice have shown that dysregulation of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in the heart can lead to the excess deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely affect cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes our current understanding of lipid uptake, metabolism and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy under conditions including obesity, diabetes, aging, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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114
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Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have identified ceramide as a multifunctional central molecule in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Given its diverse tumor suppressive activities, molecular understanding of ceramide action will produce fundamental insights into processes that limit tumorigenesis and may identify key molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Ceramide can be activated by a diverse array of stresses such as heat shock, genotoxic damage, oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Ceramide triggers a variety of tumor suppressive and anti-proliferative cellular programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and necroptosis by activating or repressing key effector molecules. Defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer contribute to tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The potent and versatile anticancer activity profile of ceramide has motivated drug development efforts to (re-)activate ceramide in established tumors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of ceramide and highlights the potential downstream targets of ceramide which are involved in its tumor suppressive action.
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115
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Warshauer JT, Lopez X, Gordillo R, Hicks J, Holland WL, Anuwe E, Blankfard MB, Scherer PE, Lingvay I. Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:734-44. [PMID: 25959529 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) appears closely linked with ceramide accumulation, inducing insulin resistance and toxicity to multiple cell types. Animal studies demonstrate that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) reduce ceramide concentrations in plasma and skeletal muscle and support lowering of ceramide levels as a potential mediator of TZDs' mechanism of action in reducing insulin resistance; however, studies in humans have yet to be reported. This study investigated the effects of pioglitazone therapy on plasma ceramides to understand the mechanism by which TZDs improve insulin resistance in MetS. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with MetS were studied in a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing pioglitazone to placebo. Data were collected at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in plasma ceramide concentrations. RESULTS Treatment with pioglitazone for 6 months, compared with placebo, significantly reduced multiple plasma ceramide concentrations: C18:0 (p = 0.001), C20:0 (p = 0.0004), C24 : 1 (p = 0.009), dihydroceramide C18 :0 (p = 0.005), dihydroceramide C24:1 (p = 0.004), lactosylceramide C16:0 (p = 0.02) and the hexosylceramides C16:0 (p = 0.0003), C18 : 0 (p = 0.00001), C22:0 (p = 0.00002) and C24:1 (p = 0.0006). Additionally, significant reductions were found when ceramides were grouped by species: ceramides (p = 0.03), dihydroceramides (p = 0.02), hexosylceramides (p = 0.00001) and lactosylceramides (p = 0.02). The total of all measured ceramides was also significantly reduced (p = 0.001). Following treatment with pioglitazone, the decrease in some ceramide species correlated negatively with the change in insulin sensitivity (dihydroceramide C16:0, r = -0.54; p = 0.02) and positively with total (lactosylceramide C24:0, r = 0.53; p = 0.02) and high molecular weight (lactosylceramide C24:0, r = 0.48; p = 0.05) adiponectin measurements; however, significant associations with changes in liver fat and glycemic control reduction were not found. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ximena Lopez
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Hicks
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Estelle Anuwe
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ildiko Lingvay
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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SGK-1 protects kidney cells against apoptosis induced by ceramide and TNF-α. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1890. [PMID: 26379195 PMCID: PMC4650437 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide regulates several different cellular responses including mechanisms leading to apoptosis. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SGK)-1 is a serine threonine kinase, which activates survival pathways in response to stress stimuli. Recently, we demonstrated an anti-apoptotic role of SGK-1 in human umbilical endothelial cells treated with high glucose. In the present study, since ceramide induces apoptosis by multiple mechanisms in diabetes and its complication such as nephropathy, we aimed to investigate whether SGK-1 may protect even against apoptosis induced by ceramide in kidney cells. Human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stable transfected with SGK-1 wild type (SGK-1wt) and its dominant negative gene (SGK-1dn) have been used in this study. Apoptotic stimuli were induced by C2-ceramide and TNF-α to increase endogenous synthesis of ceramide. Upon activation with these stimuli, SGK-1wt transfected cells have a statistically significant reduction of apoptosis compared with SGK-1dn cells (P<0.001). This protection was dependent on activation of caspase-3 and Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage. SGK-1 and AKT-1 two highly homologous kinases differently reacted to ceramide treatment, since SGK-1 increases in response to apoptotic stimulus while AKT-1 decreases. This enhancement of SGK-1 was dependent on p38-mitogen-activated-protein kinases (p38MAPK), cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Especially, by using selective LY294002 inhibitor, we demonstrated that the most involved pathway in the SGK-1 mediated process of protection was PI3K. Treatment with inhibitor of SGK-1 (GSK650394) significantly enhanced TNF-α-dependent apoptosis in HEK-293 cells overexpressing SGK-1wt. Caspase-3, -8 and -9 selective inhibitors confirmed that SGK-1 reduced the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis, probably by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In conclusion, we demonstrated that in kidney cells, overexpression of SGK-1 is protective against ceramide-induced apoptosis and the role of SGK-1 can be potentially explored as a therapeutic target in conditions like diabetes, where ceramide levels are increased.
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Canela N, Herrero P, Mariné S, Nadal P, Ras MR, Rodríguez MÁ, Arola L. Analytical methods in sphingolipidomics: Quantitative and profiling approaches in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:16-38. [PMID: 26275862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sphingolipidomics has emerged as an interesting omic science that encompasses the study of the full sphingolipidome characterization, content, structure and activity in cells, tissues or organisms. Like other omics, it has the potential to impact biomarker discovery, drug development and systems biology knowledge. Concretely, dietary food sphingolipids have gained considerable importance due to their extensively reported bioactivity. Because of the complexity of this lipid family and their diversity among foods, powerful analytical methodologies are needed for their study. The analytical tools developed in the past have been improved with the enormous advances made in recent years in mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography, which allow the convenient and sensitive identification and quantitation of sphingolipid classes and form the basis of current sphingolipidomics methodologies. In addition, novel hyphenated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) strategies, new ionization strategies, and MS imaging are outlined as promising technologies to shape the future of sphingolipid analyses. This review traces the analytical methods of sphingolipidomics in food analysis concerning sample extraction, chromatographic separation, the identification and quantification of sphingolipids by MS and their structural elucidation by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Sílvia Mariné
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Pedro Nadal
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Ras
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | | | - Lluís Arola
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain.
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Hafizi Abu Bakar M, Kian Kai C, Wan Hassan WN, Sarmidi MR, Yaakob H, Zaman Huri H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:453-75. [PMID: 25139820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Najihah Wan Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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119
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Palmer AK, Tchkonia T, LeBrasseur NK, Chini EN, Xu M, Kirkland JL. Cellular Senescence in Type 2 Diabetes: A Therapeutic Opportunity. Diabetes 2015; 64:2289-98. [PMID: 26106186 PMCID: PMC4477358 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a fundamental aging mechanism that has been implicated in many age-related diseases and is a significant cause of tissue dysfunction. Accumulation of senescent cells occurs during aging and is also seen in the context of obesity and diabetes. Senescent cells may play a role in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis through direct impact on pancreatic β-cell function, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-mediated tissue damage, and involvement in adipose tissue dysfunction. In turn, metabolic and signaling changes seen in diabetes, such as high circulating glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and growth hormone axis perturbations, can promote senescent cell formation. Thus, senescent cells might be part of a pathogenic loop in diabetes, as both a cause and consequence of metabolic changes and tissue damage. Therapeutic targeting of a basic aging mechanism such as cellular senescence may have a large impact on disease pathogenesis and could be more effective in preventing the progression of diabetes complications than currently available therapies that have limited impact on already existing tissue damage. Therefore, senescent cells and the SASP represent significant opportunities for advancement in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Palmer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Mayo Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ming Xu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Borodzicz S, Czarzasta K, Kuch M, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Sphingolipids in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:55. [PMID: 26076974 PMCID: PMC4470334 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many investigations suggest the pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity. Some studies suggest that sphingolipids are important factors in cellular signal transduction. They serve as biologically active components of cell membrane and are involved in many processes such as proliferation, maturation and apoptosis. Recently, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate have become the target of many investigations. Ceramide is generated in three metabolic pathways and many factors induce its production as a cellular stress response. Ceramide has proapoptotic properties and acts as a precursor for many other sphingolipids. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a ceramide derivative, acting antiapoptotically and mitogenically and it is importantly involved in cardioprotection. Further research on the involvement of sphingolipids in cellular pathophysiology may improve the prevention and therapy of lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Borodzicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. .,1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Kuch
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Chair and Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ban RH, Kamvissi V, Schulte KM, Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Graessler J. Lipidomic profiling at the interface of metabolic surgery and cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:455. [PMID: 25236775 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has helped patients attain not only significant and sustained weight loss but has also proved to be an effective means of mitigating or reversing various obesity-related comorbidities. The impressive rates of remission or resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) following bariatric surgery are well documented and have rightly received great attention. Less understood are the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its underlying risk factors. Thanks to the availability of increasingly sensitive laboratory tools, the emerging science of lipidomics and metagenomics is poised to offer significant contributions to our understanding of metabolically induced vascular diseases. They are set to identify novel mechanisms explaining how the varied approaches of bariatric surgery produce the remarkable improvements in multiple organs observed during patient follow-up. This article reviews recent and novel findings in patients through the lens of lipidomics with an emphasis on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Ban
- Department and Outpatient Department of Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany,
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122
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Tian Y, Zhao GY, Fang W, Xu Q, Tan RX. Δ10(E)-Sphingolipid Desaturase Involved in Fusaruside Mycosynthesis and Stress Adaptation in Fusarium graminearum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10486. [PMID: 25994332 PMCID: PMC4440215 DOI: 10.1038/srep10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are biologically important and structurally distinct cell membrane components. Fusaruside (1) is a 10,11-unsaturated immunosuppressive fungal sphingolipid with medical potentials for treating liver injury and colitis, but its poor natural abundance bottlenecks its druggability. Here, fusaruside is clarified biosynthetically, and its efficacy-related 10,11-double bond can be generated under the regioselective catalysis of an unprecedented Δ10(E)-sphingolipid desaturase (Δ10(E)-SD). Δ10(E)-SD shares 17.7% amino acid sequence similarity with a C9-unmethylated Δ10-sphingolipid desaturase derived from a marine diatom, and 55.7% with Δ8(E)-SD from Fusarium graminearum. Heterologous expression of Δ10(E)-SD in Pichia pastoris has been established to facilitate a reliable generation of 1 through the Δ10(E)-SD catalyzed desaturation of cerebroside B (2), an abundant fungal sphingolipid. Site directed mutageneses show that the conserved histidines of Δ10(E)-SD are essential for the 10,11-desaturation catalysis, which is also preconditioned by the C9-methylation of the substrate. Moreover, Δ10(E)-SD confers improved survival and faster growth to fungal strains at low temperature and high salinity, in parallel with to higher contents of 1 in the mycelia. Collectively, the investigation describes a new Δ10(E)-sphingolipid desaturase with its heterologous expression fundamentalizing a biotechnological supply of 1, and eases the follow-up clarification of the immunosuppression and stress-tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guo Y. Zhao
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ren X. Tan
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Japtok L, Schmitz EI, Fayyaz S, Krämer S, Hsu LJ, Kleuser B. Sphingosine 1-phosphate counteracts insulin signaling in pancreatic β-cells via the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 2. FASEB J 2015; 29:3357-69. [PMID: 25911610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-263194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucolipotoxic stress has been identified as a key player in the progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction contributing to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It has been suggested that bioactive lipid intermediates, formed under lipotoxic conditions, are involved in these processes. Here, we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) levels are not only increased in palmitate-stimulated pancreatic β-cells but also regulate β-cell homeostasis in a divergent manner. Although S1P possesses a prosurvival effect in β-cells, an enhanced level of the sphingolipid antagonizes insulin-mediated cell growth and survival via the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 2 (S1P2) followed by an inhibition of Akt-signaling. In an attempt to investigate the role of the S1P/S1P2 axis in vivo, the New Zealand obese (NZO) diabetic mouse model, characterized by β-cell loss under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, was used. The occurrence of T2D was accompanied by an increase of plasma S1P levels. To examine whether S1P contributes to the morphologic changes of islets via S1P2, the receptor antagonist JTE-013 was administered. Most interestingly, JTE-013 rescued β-cell damage clearly indicating an important role of the S1P2 in β-cell homeostasis. Therefore, the present study provides a new therapeutic strategy to diminish β-cell dysfunction and the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Japtok
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elisabeth I Schmitz
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Susann Fayyaz
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Krämer
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Leigh J Hsu
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- *Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Rubner Laboratory, Nuthetal, Germany; and Lpath Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
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Janikiewicz J, Hanzelka K, Kozinski K, Kolczynska K, Dobrzyn A. Islet β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes--Within the network of toxic lipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:491-6. [PMID: 25843796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related type 2 diabetes develops in individuals with the onset of β-cell dysfunction. Pancreatic islet lipotoxicity is now recognized as a primary reason for the onset and progression of the disease. Such dysfunction is reflected by the aberrant secretory capacity and detrimental loss of β-cell mass and survival. Elevated circulating serum fatty acid levels and disordered lipid metabolism management are particularly interesting in the search for biologically relevant triggers of β-cell demise. Herein, we review various types of toxic lipid metabolites that may play a significant role in pancreatic islet failure. The lipotoxic effect on β-cells depends on the type of lipid mediator (e.g., long-chain fatty acids, diacylglycerols, ceramides, phospholipids), cellular location of its action (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria), and associated-organelle conditions (e.g., membranes, vesicles). We also discuss various aspects of lipid action in β-cells, including effects on metabolic pathways, stress responses (e.g., oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy), and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hanzelka
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozinski
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.
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125
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Glucose induces sensitivity to oxygen deprivation and modulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and lipid biosynthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:167-84. [PMID: 25762526 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.174631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a central environmental factor that contributes to the phenotype and physiology of individuals. At the root of many human health issues is the excess of calorie intake relative to calorie expenditure. For example, the increasing amount of dietary sugars in the human diet is contributing to the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have compromised oxygen delivery, and thus it is of interest to investigate the impact a high-sugar diet has on oxygen deprivation responses. By utilizing the Caenorhabditis elegans genetic model system, which is anoxia tolerant, we determined that a glucose-supplemented diet negatively impacts responses to anoxia and that the insulin-like signaling pathway, through fatty acid and ceramide synthesis, modulates anoxia survival. Additionally, a glucose-supplemented diet alters lipid localization and initiates a positive chemotaxis response. Use of RNA-sequencing analysis to compare gene expression responses in animals fed either a standard or glucose-supplemented diet revealed that glucose impacts the expression of genes involved with multiple cellular processes including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, cell division, and extracellular functions. Several of the genes we identified show homology to human genes that are differentially regulated in response to obesity or type 2 diabetes, suggesting that there may be conserved gene expression responses between C. elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet and a diabetic and/or obesity state observed in humans. These findings support the utility of the C. elegans model for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating dietary-induced metabolic diseases.
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126
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Sanders FWB, Griffin JL. De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:452-68. [PMID: 25740151 PMCID: PMC4832395 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the biochemical process of synthesising fatty acids from acetyl‐CoA subunits that are produced from a number of different pathways within the cell, most commonly carbohydrate catabolism. In addition to glucose which most commonly supplies carbon units for DNL, fructose is also a profoundly lipogenic substrate that can drive DNL, important when considering the increasing use of fructose in corn syrup as a sweetener. In the context of disease, DNL is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, a common condition often associated with the metabolic syndrome and consequent insulin resistance. Whether DNL plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is yet to be fully elucidated, but it may be that the prevalent products of this synthetic process induce some aspect of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W B Sanders
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
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Deer J, Koska J, Ozias M, Reaven P. Dietary models of insulin resistance. Metabolism 2015; 64:163-71. [PMID: 25441706 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a significant factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the connection between the Western diet and the development of insulin resistance has not been fully explained. Dietary macronutrient composition has been examined in a number of articles, and diets enriched in saturated fatty acids, and possibly in fructose, appear to be most consistently associated with the development of insulin resistance. However, mechanistic insights into the metabolic effects of such diets are lacking, and merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Deer
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892.
| | - Juraj Koska
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
| | - Marlies Ozias
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
| | - Peter Reaven
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
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Fu M, Li Z, Tan T, Guo W, Xie N, Liu Q, Zhu H, Xie X, Lei H. Akt/eNOS signaling pathway mediates inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells by palmitate-induced ceramide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H11-7. [PMID: 25380816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00503.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Palmitate (PA) impairs endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the suppressive function of PA remains largely unknown. Ceramide, a free fatty acid metabolite, mediates multiple cellular signals. We hypothesized that ceramide acts as an intermediate molecule to mediate inhibition of EPCs by PA. We first demonstrated that PA could inhibit the attachment, migration, and tube formation of EPCs through suppression of the Akt/endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway. In addition, we observed that PA could induce ceramide accumulation in EPCs. To test whether the accumulation of ceramide causes EPC dysfunction, the ceramide synthesis inhibitors myriocin and fumonisin B1 were used. We that found both inhibitors could effectively abolish PA-mediated EPC inhibition. Furthermore, the ceramide deacylation inhibitor N-oleoylethanolamine could augment the inhibitory effect of PA on EPCs, indicating that it is ceramide, not its metabolites, that mediates the suppression of EPCs by PA. We have previously shown that Akt/eNOS phosphorylation was reduced after PA treatment, which, in turn, hampered the normal bioavailability of NO, leading to impaired functions of EPCs. To test the role for ceramide in this process, a clinically used NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, was used. We found that sodium nitroprusside could rescue the suppressive effects of ceramide on EPCs, suggesting that ceramide-mediated EPC inhibition might be through reduction of NO production. Taken together, our findings indicated that ceramide-induced reduction of NO might be the molecular mechanism for PA-mediated EPC inhibition; thus, targeting either ceramide or NO production might be an effective means for improvement of EPC functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Division of General Surgery, Chenzhou First People′s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Weixin Guo
- Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical sciences, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Nanzi Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital and Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital and Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Barbarroja N, Vidal-Puig A. Dihydroceramide desaturase 1, the gatekeeper of ceramide induced lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Klein RL, Hammad SM, Baker NL, Hunt KJ, Al Gadban MM, Cleary PA, Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF. Decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species are associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Metabolism 2014; 63:1287-95. [PMID: 25088746 PMCID: PMC5894336 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sphingolipid metabolism is altered in diabetes and we analyzed the plasma concentrations of sphingolipid species to investigate their association with the development of albuminuria in type 1 patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from 497 type 1 diabetic patients during their enrollment into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). We determined plasma concentrations of multiple ceramide species and individual sphingoid bases and their phosphates using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated their association with the development of albuminuria during 14-20 years of follow-up. RESULTS Patients exhibited normal albumin excretion rates (AER <40 mg/24h) at the time of plasma sampling. Although the majority of patients (N = 291; 59%) exhibited normal levels of albuminuria throughout follow-up, 141 patients (28%) progressed to microalbuminuria (40 mg/24h ≤ AER<300 mg/24h), while 65 (13%) progressed to macroalbuminuria (AER ≥ 300 mg/24h). To test the association of log transformed plasma sphingolipid level with the development of albuminuria, generalized logistic regression models were used where normal, micro- and macroalbuminuria were the outcomes of interest. Models were adjusted for DCCT treatment group, baseline retinopathy, gender, baseline HbA1c %, age, AER, lipid levels, diabetes duration, and the use of ACE/ARB drugs. Increased plasma levels of very long, but not long chain ceramide species measured at DCCT baseline were associated with decreased odds to develop macroalbuminuria during the subsequent nineteen years (DCCT Baseline to EDIC year 8). CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohammed M Al Gadban
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patricia A Cleary
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gabriel Virella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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131
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Beckmann N, Sharma D, Gulbins E, Becker KA, Edelmann B. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by tricyclic antidepressants and analogons. Front Physiol 2014; 5:331. [PMID: 25228885 PMCID: PMC4151525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been used in the clinic to treat a number of disorders, in particular major depression and neuropathic pain. In the 1970s the ability of tricyclic antidepressants to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was discovered. The enzyme ASM catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. ASM and ceramide were shown to play a crucial role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression, as well as viral (e.g., measles virus) and bacterial (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) infections. Ceramide molecules may act in these diseases by the alteration of membrane biophysics, the self-association of ceramide molecules within the cell membrane and the ultimate formation of larger ceramide-enriched membrane domains/platforms. These domains were shown to serve the clustering of certain receptors such as CD95 and may also act in the above named diseases. The potential to block the generation of ceramide by inhibiting the ASM has opened up new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these conditions. Since amitriptyline is one of the longest used clinical drugs and side effects are well studied, it could potentially become a cheap and easily accessible medication for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials utilizing amitriptyline to inhibit ASM and contemplate possible future applications of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
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132
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Spincemaille P, Cammue BP, Thevissen K. Sphingolipids and mitochondrial function, lessons learned from yeast. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2014; 1:210-224. [PMID: 28357246 PMCID: PMC5349154 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but also of cancer, diabetes and rare diseases such as Wilson's disease (WD) and Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC). Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying human pathologies has often been associated with an aberrant cellular sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids (SLs) are important membrane constituents that also act as signaling molecules. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been pivotal in unraveling mammalian SL metabolism, mainly due to the high degree of conservation of SL metabolic pathways. In this review we will first provide a brief overview of the major differences in SL metabolism between yeast and mammalian cells and the use of SL biosynthetic inhibitors to elucidate the contribution of specific parts of the SL metabolic pathway in response to for instance stress. Next, we will discuss recent findings in yeast SL research concerning a crucial signaling role for SLs in orchestrating mitochondrial function, and translate these findings to relevant disease settings such as WD and NPC. In summary, recent research shows that S. cerevisiae is an invaluable model to investigate SLs as signaling molecules in modulating mitochondrial function, but can also be used as a tool to further enhance our current knowledge on SLs and mitochondria in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Spincemaille
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bruno P. Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052,
Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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133
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Grove KJ, Voziyan PA, Spraggins JM, Wang S, Paueksakon P, Harris RC, Hudson BG, Caprioli RM. Diabetic nephropathy induces alterations in the glomerular and tubule lipid profiles. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1375-85. [PMID: 24864273 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major life-threatening complication of diabetes. Renal lesions affect glomeruli and tubules, but the pathogenesis is not completely understood. Phospholipids and glycolipids are molecules that carry out multiple cell functions in health and disease, and their role in DN pathogenesis is unknown. We employed high spatial resolution MALDI imaging MS to determine lipid changes in kidneys of eNOS(-/-) db/db mice, a robust model of DN. Phospholipid and glycolipid structures, localization patterns, and relative tissue levels were determined in individual renal glomeruli and tubules without disturbing tissue morphology. A significant increase in the levels of specific glomerular and tubular lipid species from four different classes, i.e., gangliosides, sulfoglycosphingolipids, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamines, was detected in diabetic kidneys compared with nondiabetic controls. Inhibition of nonenzymatic oxidative and glycoxidative pathways attenuated the increase in lipid levels and ameliorated renal pathology, even though blood glucose levels remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that the levels of specific phospho- and glycolipids in glomeruli and/or tubules are associated with diabetic renal pathology. We suggest that hyperglycemia-induced DN pathogenic mechanisms require intermediate oxidative steps that involve specific phospholipid and glycolipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri J Grove
- Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul A Voziyan
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paisit Paueksakon
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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134
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Qi Y, Jiang C, Cheng J, Krausz KW, Li T, Ferrell JM, Gonzalez FJ, Chiang JYL. Bile acid signaling in lipid metabolism: metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of lipid and bile acid markers linked to anti-obesity and anti-diabetes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:19-29. [PMID: 24796972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid synthesis is the major pathway for catabolism of cholesterol. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway in the liver and plays an important role in regulating lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Transgenic mice overexpressing CYP7A1 (CYP7A1-tg mice) were resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes. However the mechanism of resistance to HFD-induced obesity of CYP7A1-tg mice has not been determined. In this study, metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of CYP7A1-tg mice were analyzed to explore the metabolic alterations in CYP7A1-tg mice that govern the protection against obesity and insulin resistance by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analyses. Lipidomics analysis identified seven lipid markers including lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and ceramides that were significantly decreased in serum of HFD-fed CYP7A1-tg mice. Metabolomics analysis identified 13 metabolites in bile acid synthesis including taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and tauro-β-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA) that differed between CYP7A1-tg and wild-type mice. Notably, T-β-MCA, an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was significantly increased in intestine of CYP7A1-tg mice. This study suggests that reducing 12α-hydroxylated bile acids and increasing intestinal T-β-MCA may reduce high fat diet-induced increase of phospholipids, sphingomyelins and ceramides, and ameliorate diabetes and obesity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Linking transcription to physiology in lipodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Qi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Jessica M Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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136
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Sieber J, Jehle AW. Free Fatty acids and their metabolism affect function and survival of podocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:186. [PMID: 25386168 PMCID: PMC4209866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury and loss critically contribute to the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Deregulated lipid metabolism with disturbed free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism is a characteristic of metabolically unhealthy obesity and type 2 diabetes and likely contributes to end-stage kidney disease irrespective of the underlying kidney disease. In the current review, we summarize recent findings related to FFAs and altered renal FFA metabolism with a special focus on podocytes. We will outline the opposing effects of saturated and monounsaturated FFAs and a particular emphasis will be given to the underlying molecular mechanisms involving insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Finally, recent data suggesting a critical role of renal FFA metabolism to adapt to an altered lipid environment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sieber
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Jonas Sieber, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA e-mail: ; Andreas Werner Jehle, Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Room 303, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland e-mail:
| | - Andreas Werner Jehle
- Molecular Nephrology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jonas Sieber, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA e-mail: ; Andreas Werner Jehle, Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Room 303, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland e-mail:
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137
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Martins IJ, Creegan R. Links between Insulin Resistance, Lipoprotein Metabolism and Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.612190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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