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Correlation between Tumour Associated Macrophage (TAM) Infiltration and Mitotic Activity in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030684. [PMID: 33806407 PMCID: PMC8000832 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of the tumour microenvironment but knowledge of their distribution in canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) is limited to absent. We analysed 38 STSs retrieved from the veterinary pathology archive; oral and visceral STSs, synovial cell sarcoma, tumours of histiocytic origin, haemangiosarcoma, carcinosarcomas, and undifferentiated tumours were excluded. Iba-1 positive, non-neoplastic tumour infiltrating cells (morphologically indicative of macrophages) were classified as TAMs and were counted in 10 consecutive tumours areas, where no necrosis or other inflammatory cells could be identified. Associations between numbers of TAMs and mitoses, differentiation, and necrosis scores or grade were investigated. TAMs were evident in all STSs and ranged between 6% to 62% of the cells in the microscopic field. The number of TAMs positively correlated with the STSs' histologic grade. When the components of the grade were analysed separately, TAMs were statistically correlated with mitoses, but not with differentiation or necrosis score. The present findings suggest that TAMs are present in higher numbers when STS proliferation is the predominant feature that drives tumour grade. The abundant presence of TAMs in high-grade STSs may also increase the likelihood of a pathologist misdiagnosing STS for histiocytic sarcoma.
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102
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Wang H, Zhou J, Li J, Geng Y, Meng P, Ma C, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Hong L, Quan Y, Wei J, Huang Q, Zhou Y, Su Z, Zhu X, Chen C, Chen S, Gu J. A study of multinucleated giant cells in esophageal cancer. Clin Immunol 2021; 222:108600. [PMID: 33197619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the occurrence, abundance, distribution, nature and clinical significance of multinucleated giant cell (MGC) in esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS MGCs were examined with conventional pathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in 107 esophageal cancer tissues. The findings were correlated to pathological diagnosis and clinical behavior of the cancers. RESULTS MGCs were identified in 31.7% (34/107) of the cases. MGCs were positive for CD11c, CD11b, CD32, CD16, HLA-DR and MMP9, and negative for CD163, CD206 and CD64 giving a molecular profile of proinflammatory M1 but not immunosuppressive M2. MGCs were significantly related to decreased lymph node metastasis (p = 0.011), low pTNM stage (p = 0.044), favorable survival (p = 0.04), squamous cell cancer type rather than other histopathological subtypes (p = 0.020) and associated to better differentiation (p = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS MGCs belong to M1 macrophage and perform phagocytosis and scavenging of cancer cells that would benefit patients' survival and could serve as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Meng
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Changchun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Quan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiacong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuoqing Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangzhen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China.
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103
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Hwang I, Kim JW, Ylaya K, Chung EJ, Kitano H, Perry C, Hanaoka J, Fukuoka J, Chung JY, Hewitt SM. Tumor-associated macrophage, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis markers predict prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Transl Med 2020; 18:443. [PMID: 33228719 PMCID: PMC7686699 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical player in tumor progression, metastasis and therapy outcomes. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a well-recognized core element of the TME and generally characterized as M2-like macrophages. TAMs are believed to contribute to tumor progression, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical, angiogenic, and lymphangiogenic significance of TAMs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Utilizing combined immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis, we assessed CD68, CD163, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C expression in 349 patients with NSCLC. Subsequently, the potential association between M2 TAMs and angiogenic VEGF-A and/or lymphangiogenic VEGF-C was evaluated for its prognostic value. Furthermore, the effects of M2 TAMs on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were explored via an in vitro co-culture system. RESULTS CD68 and CD163 expression were found to directly correlate with VEGF-A and/or VEGF-C expression (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, elevated M2 ratio (CD163+/CD68+) was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.023). Dual expression of M2 ratiohigh and VEGF-Chigh (M2 ratiohighVEGF-Chigh) was correlated with worse overall survival (p = 0.033). Multivariate analysis revealed that M2 ratiohigh [HR (95% CI) = 1.53 (1.01-2.33), p = 0.046] and combined M2 ratiohighVEGF-Chigh expression [HR (95% CI) = 2.01 (1.28-3.16), p = 0.003] were independent predictors of poor overall survival. Notably, we confirmed that M2 macrophages significantly enhanced the protein and mRNA expression of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C, while M1 macrophages induced only mRNA expression of VEGF-A in A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TAMs are significantly associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, contributing to the progression of NSCLC. Furthermore, elevated M2 ratio, similar to combined high M2 ratio and high VEGF-C expression, is a strong indicator of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, providing insight for future TAM-based immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseon Hwang
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Scholl of Medicine and Institute for Cancer Research, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haruhisa Kitano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vories Memorial Hospital, Shiga, 523-0806, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Candice Perry
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jun Hanaoka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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104
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iNOS Expression by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, PD-L1 and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113276. [PMID: 33167430 PMCID: PMC7694334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) in the progression of human malignancies is obscure. We studied the expression patterns of iNOS in non-small-cell lung cancer. iNOS was expressed by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. None of these patterns, however, are related to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iNOS+TILs) occurred in 48% of cases. This was related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and better overall survival. Expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. An important role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology has been brought forward, supporting iNOS+TILs as putative immune response markers. Abstract Background: Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) promotes the generation of NO in tissues. Its role in tumor progression and immune response is unclear. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression patterns of iNOS were studied in a series of 98 tissue samples of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in parallel with the expression of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism markers, PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: iNOS is expressed by cancer cells in 19/98 (19.4%), while extensive expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in 8/98 (8.2%) cases. None of these patterns relate to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing TILs (iNOS+TILs) occurs in 47/98 (48%) cases. This is related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), high PD-L1 expression and a better overall survival (p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. Conclusions: Extensive expression of iNOS by TILs occurs in approximately 50% of NSCLCs, and this is significantly related to an improved overall survival. This brings forward the role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology, supporting iNOS+TILs as a putative marker of immune response. The value of this biomarker as a predictive and treatment-guiding tool for tumor immunotherapy demands further investigation.
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105
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Alves A, Diel L, Ramos G, Pinto A, Bernardi L, Yates J, Lamers M. Tumor microenvironment and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A crosstalk between the inflammatory state and tumor cell migration. Oral Oncol 2020; 112:105038. [PMID: 33129055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the inflammatory millieu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors and the influence of macrophages related-cytokines on the tumor cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammatory protein profile and macrophage population (M2/M1 ratio) of human OSCC fragments were analyzed by proteomic analysis and flow cytometry assay respectively. To evaluate the effects of inflammation on OSCC behavior, we analyzed the role of polarized macrophages and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) on OSCC cell lines (SCC25 and Cal27) responsiveness by western blotting (cell signaling) and time-lapse (cell migration). Also, it was addressed the crosstalk of IL-6-STAT3 axis with cell migration signaling using a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic®) and a pull down assay for the RhoGTPase Rac1 activity. RESULTS It was observed a ~2 fold predominance of M2 over M1 macrophages and a pro-inflammatory state in OSCC fragments. The M2 conditioned media increased migration speed and directionality of highly invasive OSCC cells (SCC25). OSCC cell lines were responsive to cytokine stimuli (IL6, IL-1β and TNF-α), but only IL-6 increased migration properties of OSCC cells. This effect was dependent on STAT3-phosphorylation levels, which interfered with Rac1 activation levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the inflammatory milieu might favor invasion and metastasis of OSCC by the direct effect of macrophage-related cytokines on tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alves
- School of Dentistry, University Center Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Diel
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Grasieli Ramos
- School of Dentistry, University of Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, United States
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, United States.
| | - Marcelo Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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106
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Larionova I, Tuguzbaeva G, Ponomaryova A, Stakheyeva M, Cherdyntseva N, Pavlov V, Choinzonov E, Kzhyshkowska J. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Breast, Colorectal, Lung, Ovarian and Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:566511. [PMID: 33194645 PMCID: PMC7642726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.566511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major innate immune cells that constitute up to 50% of the cell mass of human tumors. TAMs are highly heterogeneous cells that originate from resident tissue-specific macrophages and from newly recruited monocytes. TAMs' variability strongly depends on cancer type, stage, and intratumor heterogeneity. Majority of TAMs are programmed by tumor microenvironment to support primary tumor growth and metastatic spread. However, TAMs can also restrict tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the knowledge about the role of TAMs in tumor growth, metastasis and in the response to cancer therapy in patients with five aggressive types of cancer: breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers that are frequently metastasize into distant organs resulting in high mortality of the patients. Two major TAM parameters are applied for the evaluation of TAM correlation with the cancer progression: total amount of TAMs and specific phenotype of TAMs identified by functional biomarkers. We summarized the data generated in the wide range of international patient cohorts on the correlation of TAMs with clinical and pathological parameters of tumor progression including lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis, recurrence, survival, therapy efficiency. We described currently available biomarkers for TAMs that can be measured in patients' samples (tumor tissue and blood). CD68 is the major biomarker for the quantification of total TAM amounts, while transmembrane receptors (stabilin-1, CD163, CD206, CD204, MARCO) and secreted chitinase-like proteins (YKL-39, YKL-40) are used as biomarkers for the functional TAM polarization. We also considered that specific role of TAMs in tumor progression can depend on the localization in the intratumoral compartments. We have made the conclusion for the role of TAMs in primary tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy sensitivity for breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers. In contrast to other cancer types, majority of clinical studies indicate that TAMs in colorectal cancer have protective role for the patient and interfere with primary tumor growth and metastasis. The accumulated data are essential for using TAMs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop cancer-specific immunotherapy and to design efficient combinations of traditional therapy and new immunomodulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gulnara Tuguzbaeva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ponomaryova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Stakheyeva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Choinzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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107
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Development and validation of metabolism-related gene signature in prognostic prediction of gastric cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3217-3229. [PMID: 33209209 PMCID: PMC7649605 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world. As one of the crucial hallmarks of cancer reprogramming of metabolism and the relevant researches have a promising application in the diagnosis treatment and prognostic prediction of malignant tumours. This study aims to identify a group of metabolism-related genes to construct a prediction model for the prognosis of gastric cancer. A large cohort of gastric cancer cases (1121 cases) from public database was included in our analysis and classified patients into training and testing cohorts at a ratio of 7: 3. After identifying a list of metabolism-related genes having prognostic value, we constructed a risk score based on metabolism-related genes using LASSO-COX method. According to the risk score, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Our results revealed that high-risk patients had a significantly worse prognosis than low-risk patients in both the training (high-risk vs low-risk patients; five years overall survival: 37.2% vs 72.2%; p < 0.001) and testing cohorts (high-risk vs low-risk patients; five years overall survival: 42.9% vs 62.9%; p < 0.001). This observation was validated in the external validation cohort (high-risk vs. low-risk patients; five years overall survival: 30.2% vs 40.4%; p = 0.007). To reinforce the predictive ability of the model, we integrated risk score, age, adjuvant chemotherapy, and TNM stage into a nomogram. According to the result of receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves analysis, we found that the nomogram score had a superior predictive ability than conventional factors, indicating that the risk score combined with clinicopathological features can develop a robust prediction for survival and improve the individualized clinical decision making of the patient. In conclusion, we identified a list of metabolic genes related to survival and developed a metabolism-based predictive model for gastric cancer. Through a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses, the predictive ability of the model was confirmed.
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108
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Li B, Yang Q, Li Z, Xu Z, Sun S, Wu Q, Sun S. Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Immunosuppressive Macrophages Is Associated With the Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574787. [PMID: 33178603 PMCID: PMC7596686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) participates in the transport of lactate to facilitate metabolic reprogramming during tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are also involved in the inflammatory adaptation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to determine the correlation between metabolite changes and the polarization of macrophages in the TME. We demonstrated that the expression of CD163 on macrophages was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues, especially in the HER2 subtype, although it was not statistically associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). The presence of MCT1+ and CD163+ macrophages in the invasive margin was significantly correlated with decreased RFS. A significant correlation existed between MCT1 and CD163 expression in the margin, and high infiltration of MCT1+CD163+ macrophages into the margin predicted rapid progression and poor survival outcomes for breast cancer patients. These data suggested that MCT1 at least partially promoted the alternative polarization of macrophages to inhibit antitumor immunity, and blocking this interaction may be a promising method for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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109
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Liu C, Chen B, Huang Z, Hu C, Jiang L, Zhao C. Comprehensive analysis of a 14 immune-related gene pair signature to predict the prognosis and immune features of gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107074. [PMID: 33049494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new method for predicting tumor prognosis, the predictive effect of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) has been confirmed in several cancers, but there is no comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of IRGPs in gastric cancer (GC). METHOD Clinical and gene expression profile data of GC patients were obtained from the GEO database. Based on the ImmPort database, differentially expressed immune-related gene (DEIRG) events were determined by a comparison of GC samples and adjacent normal samples. Cox proportional regression was used to construct an IRGP signature, and its availability was validated using three external validation datasets. In addition, we explored the association between clinical data and immune features and established a nomogram to predict outcomes in GC patients. RESULT A total of 88 DEIRGs were identified in GC from the training set, which formed 3828 IRGPs. Fourteen overall survival (OS)-related IRGPs were used to construct the prognostic signature. As a result, patients in the high-risk group exhibited poorer OS compared to those in the low-risk group. In addition, the fraction of CD8+ T cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, and M1 macrophages was higher in the high-risk group. Expression of two immune checkpoints, CD276 and VTCN1, was significantly higher in the high-risk group as well. Based on the independent prognostic factors, a nomogram was established and showed excellent performance. CONCLUSION The 14 OS-related IRGP signature was associated with OS, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in GC patients, and it could provide the basis for related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bo Chen
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhangheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
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110
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Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Anti-Cancer Therapies: Convincing the Traitors to Do the Right Thing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103226. [PMID: 33050070 PMCID: PMC7600332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been well-established that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells fuel not only the process of carcinogenesis through cancer-related inflammation mechanisms, but also tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant leucocyte subset in many cancers and play a major role in the creation of a protective niche for tumor cells. Their ability to generate an immune-suppressive environment is crucial to escape the immune system and to allow the tumor to proliferate and metastasize to distant sites. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are often not able to limit cancer growth due to the presence of pro-tumoral TAMs; these are also responsible for the failure of novel immunotherapies based on immune-checkpoint inhibition. Several novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented to deplete TAMs; however, more recent approaches aim to use TAMs themselves as weapons to fight cancer. Exploiting their functional plasticity, the reprogramming of TAMs aims to convert immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral macrophages into immunostimulatory and anti-tumor cytotoxic effector cells. This shift eventually leads to the reconstitution of a reactive immune landscape able to destroy the tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on strategies able to reprogram TAMs with single as well as combination therapies.
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111
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Jin R, Liu L, Xing Y, Meng T, Ma L, Pei J, Cong Y, Zhang X, Ren Z, Wang X, Shen J, Yu K. Dual Mechanisms of Novel CD73-Targeted Antibody and Antibody–Drug Conjugate in Inhibiting Lung Tumor Growth and Promoting Antitumor Immune-Effector Function. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2340-2352. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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112
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Cong Y, Li Q, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yu K. mTOR Promotes Tissue Factor Expression and Activity in EGFR-Mutant Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1615. [PMID: 32923403 PMCID: PMC7456926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway mediates the function of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We aimed to elucidate new role of mTOR in EGFR-mutant (EGFR-mut) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma (GBM) with a focus on tumor microenvironments. Here, we report a novel regulatory link between mTOR complexes (mTORCs) and tissue factor (TF), an initiator of tumor-derived thrombosis. TF is elevated in EGFR-mut NSCLC/GBM cell lines and tumors from patients with poor prognosis. Application of mTORC1/2 inhibitors (AZD8055, WYE-125132, MTI-31, and rapamycin) or genetic mTORC-depletion all reduced TF expression, which appeared to be differentially mediated depending on cellular context. In U87MG and HCC827 cells, mTORC1 exerted a dominant role via promoting TF mRNA transcription. In EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 and PC9 cells, it was mTORC2 that played a major role in specific repression of lysosomal-targeted TF protein degradation. Successful inhibition of TF expression was demonstrated in AZD8055- or MTI-31-treated H1975 and U87MG tumors in mice, while a TF-targeted antibody antagonized TF activity without reducing TF protein. Both the mTOR- and TF-targeted therapy induced a multifaceted remodeling of tumor microenvironment reflecting not only a diminished hypercoagulopathy state (fibrin level) but also a reduced stromal fibrosis (collagen distribution), compromised vessel density and/or maturity (CD31 and/or α-SMA) as well as a substantially decreased infiltration of immune-suppressive M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (CD206/F4/80 ratio). Thus, our results have identified TF as a functional biomarker of mTOR. Downregulation of mTOR-TF axis activity likely contributes to the therapeutic mechanism of mTORC1/2- and TF-targeted agents in EGFR-mut advanced NSCLC and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrou Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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113
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhu S, Dejene EA, Peng W, Sepulveda A, Seto E. HDAC10 Regulates Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in KRAS-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3265-3278. [PMID: 32540961 PMCID: PMC7442594 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of oncogenic KRAS is the most common driving event in lung adenocarcinoma development. Despite the existing rationale for targeting activated KRAS and its downstream effectors, the failure of clinical trials to date indicates that the mechanism of KRAS-driven malignancy remains poorly understood. Here we report that histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) might function as a putative tumor suppressor in mice carrying a spontaneously activated oncogenic Kras allele. Hdac10 deletion accelerated KRAS-driven early-onset lung adenocarcinomas, increased macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, and shortened survival time in mice. Highly tumorigenic and stem-like lung adenocarcinoma cells were increased in Hdac10-deleted tumors compared with Hdac10 wild-type tumors. HDAC10 regulated the stem-like properties of KRAS-expressing tumor cells by targeting SOX9. Expression of SOX9 was significantly increased in Hdac10-deleted tumor cells and depletion of SOX9 in Hdac10 knockout (KO) lung adenocarcinoma cells inhibited growth of tumorspheres. The genes associated with TGFβ pathway were enriched in Hdac10 KO tumor cells, and activation of TGFβ signaling contributed to SOX9 induction in Hdac10 KO lung adenocarcinoma cells. Overall, our study evaluates the functions and mechanisms of action of HDAC10 in lung carcinogenesis that will inform the rationale for targeting its related regulatory signaling as an anticancer strategy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings linking HDAC10 and lung tumorigenesis identify potential novel strategies for targeting HDAC10 as a treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Shaoqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Eden A Dejene
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Antonia Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.
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114
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Asare PF, Roscioli E, Hurtado PR, Tran HB, Mah CY, Hodge S. LC3-Associated Phagocytosis (LAP): A Potentially Influential Mediator of Efferocytosis-Related Tumor Progression and Aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1298. [PMID: 32850405 PMCID: PMC7422669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One aim of cancer therapies is to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Efficient removal of the apoptotic cells requires coordinated efforts between the processes of efferocytosis and LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). However, this activity has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signals that can be utilized by live tumor cells to evade immune defense mechanisms, resulting in tumor progression and aggressiveness. In the absence of LAP, mice exhibit suppressed tumor growth during efferocytosis, while LAP-sufficient mice show enhanced tumor progression. Little is known about how LAP or its regulators directly affect efferocytosis, tumor growth and treatment responses, and identifying the mechanisms involved has the potential to lead to the discovery of novel approaches to target cancer cells. Also incompletely understood is the direct effect of apoptotic cancer cells on LAP. This is particularly important as induction of apoptosis by current cytotoxic cancer therapies can potentially stimulate LAP following efferocytosis. Herein, we highlight the current understanding of the role of LAP and its relationship with efferocytosis in the tumor microenvironment with a view to presenting novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Asare
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Plinio R. Hurtado
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chui Yan Mah
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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115
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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116
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Zheng X, Weigert A, Reu S, Guenther S, Mansouri S, Bassaly B, Gattenlöhner S, Grimminger F, Pullamsetti S, Seeger W, Winter H, Savai R. Spatial Density and Distribution of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predict Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4414-4425. [PMID: 32699134 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The respective antitumoral and protumoral roles of M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) typify the complexity of macrophage function in cancer. In lung cancer, density and topology of distinct TAM phenotypes at the tumor center (TC) versus the invasive margin (IM) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated TAM subtype density and distribution between TC and IM in human lung cancer and TAM associations with overall survival. Macrophages isolated from adjacent nontumor tissue (NM), the TC (TC-TAM), and the IM (IM-TAM) were analyzed with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Lung tumor tissue microarrays from 104 patient samples were constructed. M1 and M2 TAMs were identified using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and a tumor cell-TAM proximity analysis was performed. RNA-seq identified marked differences among NM, TC-TAM, and IM-TAM. On the basis of a panel of five selected markers (CD68, IL12, CCR7, CD163, and ALOX15), M2 predominance over M1 and M2 proximity to tumor cells was observed, especially at IM. Tumor cell proximity to TAM was linked with tumor cell survival and hypoxia was associated with accumulation of M2 TAM. Notably, lower density of M1 TC-TAM and higher proximity of tumor cells to M2 IM-TAM or lower proximity to M1 IM-TAM were linked with poor survival. In addition, three novel molecules (UBXN4, MFSD12, and ACTR6) from RNA-seq served as potential prognostic markers for lung cancer, and M2 predominance and juxtaposition of M2 TAM near tumor cells were associated with poor survival. Together, our results reveal the marked heterogeneity of TAM populations in different tumor regions, with M2 TAM predominance, particularly at IM. SIGNIFICANCE: This study underlines the significance of the density, spatial distribution, and gene expression of TAM phenotypes as prognostic factors for overall survival in lung cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/20/4414/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Bassaly
- Department of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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117
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Poltavets AS, Vishnyakova PA, Elchaninov AV, Sukhikh GT, Fatkhudinov TK. Macrophage Modification Strategies for Efficient Cell Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1535. [PMID: 32599709 PMCID: PMC7348902 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, important cells of innate immunity, are known for their phagocytic activity, capability for antigen presentation, and flexible phenotypes. Macrophages are found in all tissues and therefore represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases of various etiology. Genetic programming of macrophages is an important issue of modern molecular and cellular medicine. The controllable activation of macrophages towards desirable phenotypes in vivo and in vitro will provide effective treatments for a number of inflammatory and proliferative diseases. This review is focused on the methods for specific alteration of gene expression in macrophages, including the controllable promotion of the desired M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes in certain pathologies or model systems. Here we review the strategies of target selection, the methods of vector delivery, and the gene editing approaches used for modification of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya S. Poltavets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Polina A. Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
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118
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Laino AS, Woods D, Vassallo M, Qian X, Tang H, Wind-Rotolo M, Weber J. Serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with survival in melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000842. [PMID: 32581042 PMCID: PMC7312339 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory mediators, including acute phase reactants and cytokines, have been reported to be associated with clinical efficacy in patients with melanoma and other cancers receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Analyses of patient sera from three large phase II/III randomized ICI trials, one of which included a chemotherapy arm, were performed to assess whether baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were prognostic or predictive. PATIENTS AND METHODS Baseline and on-treatment sera were analyzed by multiplex protein assays from immunotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic melanoma randomized 1:1 on the Checkmate-064 phase II trial of sequential administration of nivolumab followed by ipilimumab or the reverse sequence. Baseline sera, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using automated cell counting, were analyzed from treatment-naïve patients who were BRAF wild-type and randomly allocated 1:1 to receive nivolumab or dacarbazine on the phase III Checkmate-066 trial, and from treatment-naïve patients allocated 1:1:1 to receive nivolumab, ipilimumab or both ipilimumab and nivolumab on the phase III Checkmate-067 trial. RESULTS Higher baseline levels of IL-6 and the N/L ratio, and to a lesser degree, CRP were associated with shorter survival in patients receiving ICI or chemotherapy. Increased on-treatment levels of IL-6 in patients on the Checkmate-064 study were also associated with shorter survival. IL-6 levels from patients on Checkmate-064, Checkmate-066 and Checkmate-067 were highly correlated with levels of CRP and the N/L ratio. CONCLUSION IL-6, CRP and the N/L ratio are prognostic factors with higher levels associated with shorter overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving ICI or chemotherapy in large randomized trials. In a multi-variable analysis of the randomized phase III Checkmate-067 study, IL-6 was a significant prognostic factor for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S Laino
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melinda Vassallo
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hao Tang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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119
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Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Albores-García D, Cervantes-Villagrana AR, García-Acevez SJ. Tumor-induced neurogenesis and immune evasion as targets of innovative anti-cancer therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:99. [PMID: 32555170 PMCID: PMC7303203 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cells are hijacked by cancer cells forming together heterogeneous tumor masses immersed in aberrant communication circuits that facilitate tumor growth and dissemination. Besides the well characterized angiogenic effect of some tumor-derived factors; others, such as BDNF, recruit peripheral nerves and leukocytes. The neurogenic switch, activated by tumor-derived neurotrophins and extracellular vesicles, attracts adjacent peripheral fibers (autonomic/sensorial) and neural progenitor cells. Strikingly, tumor-associated nerve fibers can guide cancer cell dissemination. Moreover, IL-1β, CCL2, PGE2, among other chemotactic factors, attract natural immunosuppressive cells, including T regulatory (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and M2 macrophages, to the tumor microenvironment. These leukocytes further exacerbate the aberrant communication circuit releasing factors with neurogenic effect. Furthermore, cancer cells directly evade immune surveillance and the antitumoral actions of natural killer cells by activating immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by heterophilic complexes, joining cancer and immune cells, formed by PD-L1/PD1 and CD80/CTLA-4 plasma membrane proteins. Altogether, nervous and immune cells, together with fibroblasts, endothelial, and bone-marrow-derived cells, promote tumor growth and enhance the metastatic properties of cancer cells. Inspired by the demonstrated, but restricted, power of anti-angiogenic and immune cell-based therapies, preclinical studies are focusing on strategies aimed to inhibit tumor-induced neurogenesis. Here we discuss the potential of anti-neurogenesis and, considering the interplay between nervous and immune systems, we also focus on anti-immunosuppression-based therapies. Small molecules, antibodies and immune cells are being considered as therapeutic agents, aimed to prevent cancer cell communication with neurons and leukocytes, targeting chemotactic and neurotransmitter signaling pathways linked to perineural invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Damaris Albores-García
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Alberto Rafael Cervantes-Villagrana
- Laboratorio de investigación en Terapéutica Experimental, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), Zacatecas, México
| | - Sara Judit García-Acevez
- Dirección de Proyectos e Investigación, Grupo Diagnóstico Médico Proa, 06400 CDMX, Cuauhtémoc, México
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120
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors: Contributions of the tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2020; 7:185-198. [PMID: 32215288 PMCID: PMC7083762 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic alterations associated with cell transformation are in large measure expressed in the metabolic phenotype as cancer cells proliferate and change their local environment, and prepare for metastasis. Qualitatively, the fundamental biochemistry of cancer cells is generally the same as in the untransformed cells, but the cancer cells produce a local environment, the TME, that is hostile to the stromal cells, and compete for nutrients. In order to proliferate, cells need sufficient nutrients, either those that cannot be made by the cells themselves, or must be made from simpler precursors. However, in solid tumors, the nutrient supply is often limiting given the potential for rapid proliferation, and the poor quality of the vasculature. Thus, cancer cells may employ a variety of strategies to obtain nutrients for survival, growth and metastasis. Although much has been learned using established cell lines in standard culture conditions, it is becoming clear from in vivo metabolic studies that this can also be misleading, and which nutrients are used for energy production versus building blocks for synthesis of macromolecules can vary greatly from tumor to tumor, and even within the same tumor. Here we review the operation of metabolic networks, and how recent understanding of nutrient supply in the TME and utilization are being revealed using stable isotope tracers in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Key Words
- 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- ACO1,2, aconitase 1,2
- CP-MAS, Cross polarization Magic Angle Spinning
- Cancer metabolism
- DMEM, Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium
- ECAR, extracellular acidification rate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMP, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
- IDH1,2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1,2 (NADP+dependent)
- IF, interstitial fluid
- ME, malic enzyme
- Metabolic flux
- Nutrient supply
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- SIRM, Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics
- Stable isotope resolved metabolomics
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- TIM/TPI, triose phosphate isomerase
- TME, Tumor Micro Environment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, USA
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Chen JC, Ou LS, Kuo ML, Tseng LY, Chang HL. Fetal exposure to oncoantigen elicited antigen-specific adaptive immunity against tumorigenesis. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000137. [PMID: 32561637 PMCID: PMC7304846 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Envisioned as a similar process to tumorigenesis in terms of biological behaviors and molecular basis, embryogenesis necessitates an immune surveillance system to eliminate erratically transformed cells. Our previous study demonstrated that fetal macrophage-like phagocytes triggered Th2-skewed immunity following endocytosing prenatally administered ovalbumin to facilitate postnatal allergic airway responses, highlighting the critical role fetal phagocytes played in dealing with antigens present in developing fetuses and shaping subsequent immune responses. It prompted us to examine whether fetuses could mount Th1 tumoricidal immunity against tumorigenesis following in utero exposure to tumor antigens. METHODS Gestational day 14 murine fetuses underwent in utero injection of Th1-promoting human papilloma virus (HPV) E7 peptides. Postnatally, recipients were examined for immunological consequences and the resistance to TC-1 tumorigenesis. RESULTS Fetal exposure to HPV E7 did not cause tolerance but rather immunization in the recipients, characterized by proinflammatory Th1 polarization of their lymphocytes. Fetal macrophage-like phagocytes were responsible for taking up HPV E7 and triggering HPV E7-specific T-cell cytotoxicity and humoral immunity that rendered recipients resistant to TC-1 tumorigenesis in postnatal life. Adoptive transfer of HPV E7-loaded fetal phagocytes also elicited Th1 immunity with rapid expansion of HPV E7-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell clones in response to TC-1 cell challenge so as to protect the recipients from TC-1 tumorigenesis, but failed to completely eliminate pre-existing TC-1 cells despite perceptible attenuation of local TC-1 tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that Th2-biasing fetus was not immune-privileged to foreign peptides, but competent to mount Th1 cytotoxic immunity and generate immunoglobulins against tumorigenesis following in utero exposure to Th1-promoting oncoantigen. It shed light on the role of fetal macrophage-like phagocytes in bridging toward tumor antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity potentially as an immune surveillance system to eliminate transformed cells that might be egressing during embryogenesis and leftover until postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Chang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shiou Ou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Tseng
- Pediatric Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Chang
- Pediatric Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kremenovic M, Rombini N, Chan AA, Gruber T, Bäriswyl L, Lee DJ, Schenk M. Characterization of a Myeloid Activation Signature that Correlates with Survival in Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1431. [PMID: 32486450 PMCID: PMC7352688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of melanoma paved the way for novel therapeutic modalities, such as T cell-targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, only a limited fraction of patients benefits from such therapeutic modalities, highlighting the need for novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers. As myeloid cells orchestrate the tumor-specific immune response and influence the efficacy of ICI, assessing their activation state within the TME is of clinical relevance. Here, we characterized a myeloid activation (MA) signature, comprising the three genes Cxcl11, Gbp1, and Ido1, from gene expression data of human myeloid cells stimulated with poly(I:C) or cGAMP. This MA signature positively correlated to overall survival in melanoma. In addition, increased expression of the MA signature was observed in melanoma patients responding to ICI (anti-PD-1), as compared to non-responders. Furthermore, the MA signature was validated in the murine B16F10 melanoma model where it was induced and associated with decreased tumor growth upon intratumoral administration of poly(I:C) and cGAMP. Finally, we were able to visualize co-expression of the MA signature genes in myeloid cells of human melanoma tissues using RNAscope in situ hybridization. In conclusion, the MA signature indicates the activation state of myeloid cells and represents a prognostic biomarker for the overall survival in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kremenovic
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (N.R.); (T.G.); (L.B.))
| | - Nives Rombini
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (N.R.); (T.G.); (L.B.))
| | - Alfred A. Chan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (A.A.C.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (N.R.); (T.G.); (L.B.))
| | - Lukas Bäriswyl
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (N.R.); (T.G.); (L.B.))
| | - Delphine J. Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (A.A.C.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (N.R.); (T.G.); (L.B.))
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Li J, Song Y, Yu B, Yu Y. TNFAIP2 Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Targeted by miR-145-5p. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1256-1263. [PMID: 32456459 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that regulates inflammation and tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The higher levels of TNF α are known to induce expression of several genes such as TNFα-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) with a largely unknown role in NSCLC. We provide the preliminary evidence for the role of TNFAIP2 in NSCLC progression and its epigenetic regulation mediated by microRNA, miR-145-5p. The expression of TNFAIP2 was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot in NSCLC tissue and paired adjacent normal tissue. All in vitro assays were undertaken in A549 and H23 cells and chemoresistance assays were undertaken in A549/Cisplatin (DDP) and H23/DDP cell types. TNFAIP2 silencing was undertaken using lipofectamine transfection of specific siRNA. Cells were co-transfected with miR-145-5p, and TNFAIP2-3' untranslated region (UTR) or TNFAIP2 with mutated 3'UTR using the luciferase vector pGL. Cell viability, transwell migration, and invasion were assessed. The role of caspase 3 proteins in cell viability was ascertained using Western blot. The tumor tissues (and cisplatin-resistant cell lines A549/DDP and H23/DDP) expressed significantly higher levels of TNAIP2 mRNA and protein. Silencing of TNFAIP2 resulted in reduced cell viability, reduced invasion, and migration in vitro. Silencing of TNFAIP2 in A549/DDP and H23/DDP had higher expression of TNFAIP2, reduced cell viability, and increased induction of caspase 3. MiR-145-5p binds to the 3'UTR of TNFAIP2. Overexpression of MiR-145-5p reduced expression of TNFAIP2, decreased cell viability, reduced cell migration and invasion, and significantly reduced expression of caspase 3 protein. TNFAIP2 mediates tumorigenesis in NSCLC through, not completely known pathways. miR-145-5p negatively regulates TNFAIP2 expression. miR-145-5p-mediated therapies may be explored in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Respiratory, The 10th Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Baiquan Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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124
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Neuropilin1 Expression Acts as a Prognostic Marker in Stomach Adenocarcinoma by Predicting the Infiltration of Treg Cells and M2 Macrophages. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051430. [PMID: 32408477 PMCID: PMC7290937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin1 (NRP1) plays a critical role in tumor progression and immune responses. Although the roles of NRP1 in various tumors have been investigated, the clinical relevance of NRP1 expression in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not been studied. To investigate the use of NRP1 as a prognostic biomarker of STAD, we analyzed NRP1 mRNA expression and its correlation with patient survival and immune cell infiltration using various databases. NRP1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in STAD than normal tissues, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that NRP1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with STAD. To elucidate the related mechanism, we analyzed the correlation between NRP1 expression and immune cell infiltration level. In particular, the infiltration of immune-suppressive cells, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and M2 macrophage, was significantly increased by NRP1 expression. In addition, the expression of interleukin (IL)-35, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was also positively correlated with NRP1 expression, resulting in the immune suppression. Collectively in this study, our integrated analysis using various clinical databases shows that the significant correlation between NRP1 expression and the infiltration of Treg cells and M2 macrophage explains poor prognosis mechanism in STAD, suggesting the clinical relevance of NRP1 expression as a prognostic biomarker for STAD patients.
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125
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Hu Y, Ren S, Liu Y, Han W, Liu W. Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Mini-Review. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3921-3929. [PMID: 32494151 PMCID: PMC7227818 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We systematically reviewed the recent research that expands our knowledge about PLELC, with main focus on its genetic profile, tumor-infiltrating environment, PD-L1 expression, circulating EBV-DNA, clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT, and treatment strategy. A low frequency of typical driver mutations and widespread existence of copy number variations was detected in PLELC. Persistent EBV infection may trigger intense infiltration of lymphocytes, representing enhanced tumor immunity and possibly resulting in a better prognosis. Circulating EBV-DNA in the plasma of patients with PLELC may predict disease progression and response to therapy. PLELC is 18F-FDG avid, and 18F-FDG PET may help refine palliation strategies and subsequently improve the prognosis. Most of the reported patients present at early and resectable stage, and surgical resection with curative intent is the preferred approach. There is currently no consensus on the regimen of chemotherapy for patients with advanced stages. EGFR-targeted therapies seem to have no therapeutic effect, and the clinical impact of PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is uncertain but worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
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Frafjord A, Skarshaug R, Hammarström C, Stankovic B, Dorg LT, Aamodt H, Woldbaek PR, Helland Å, Brustugun OT, Øynebråten I, Corthay A. Antibody combinations for optimized staining of macrophages in human lung tumours. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12889. [PMID: 32299134 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) has a high potential to predict cancer recurrence and response to immunotherapy. However, the heterogeneity of TAMs poses a challenge for quantitative and qualitative measurements. Here, we critically evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry two commonly used pan-macrophage markers (CD14 and CD68) as well as some suggested markers for tumour-promoting M2 macrophages (CD163, CD204, CD206 and CD209) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumour, non-cancerous lung tissue and blood were investigated. For immunohistochemistry, CD68 was confirmed to be a useful pan-macrophage marker although careful selection of antibody was found to be critical. The widely used anti-CD68 antibody clone KP-1 stains both macrophages and neutrophils, which is problematic for TAM quantification because lung tumours contain many neutrophils. For TAM counting in tumour sections, we recommend combined labelling of CD68 with a cell membrane marker such as CD14, CD163 or CD206. In flow cytometry, the commonly used combination of CD14 and HLA-DR was found to not be optimal because some TAMs do not express CD14. Instead, combined staining of CD68 and HLA-DR is preferable to gate all TAMs. Concerning macrophage phenotypic markers, the scavenger receptor CD163 was found to be expressed by a substantial fraction (50%-86%) of TAMs with a large patient-to-patient variation. Approximately 50% of TAMs were positive for CD206. Surprisingly, there was no clear overlap between CD163 and CD206 positivity, and three distinct TAM sub-populations were identified in NSCLC tumours: CD163+ CD206+ , CD163+ CD206- and CD163- CD206- . This work should help develop macrophage-based prognostic tools for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Frafjord
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Renate Skarshaug
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Hammarström
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Branislava Stankovic
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda T Dorg
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Aamodt
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Reidar Woldbaek
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Oncology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Health Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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127
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Melzer MK, Arnold F, Stifter K, Zengerling F, Azoitei N, Seufferlein T, Bolenz C, Kleger A. An Immunological Glance on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093345. [PMID: 32397303 PMCID: PMC7246613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has still a dismal prognosis. Different factors such as mutational landscape, intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, stroma, and immune cells impact carcinogenesis of PDAC associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Different cell types with partly opposing roles contribute to this milieu. In recent years, immunotherapeutic approaches, including checkpoint inhibitors, were favored to treat cancers, albeit not every cancer entity exhibited benefits in a similar way. Indeed, immunotherapies rendered little success in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we describe the communication between the immune system and pancreatic cancer cells and propose some rationale why immunotherapies may fail in the context of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we delineate putative strategies to sensitize PDAC towards immunological therapeutics and highlight the potential of targeting neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.K.M.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Friedemann Zengerling
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.K.M.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.K.M.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.A.); (K.S.); (N.A.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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128
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Yan Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Bu X. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing human IFN-λ1 (rL-hIFN-λ1) inhibits lung cancer migration through repolarizating macrophage from M2 to M1 phenotype. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3392-3405. [PMID: 35117705 PMCID: PMC8798182 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently infiltrated in tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression. Lung cancer development largely depends upon the essential contributions from the TAMs which generally polarize into M2 TAMs and produce abundant anti-inflammatory factors and facilitate tumor development. The recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing human IFN-λ1 (rL-hIFN-λ1) could regulate Th1/Th2 immune response to produce anti-tumor microenvironment. However, the interaction between rL-hIFN-λ1 and macrophages polarization remains unclear. METHODS The THP-1 cells were used to construct the THP-1-M0, THP-1-M1, THP-1-M2 and THP-1-rL-hIFN-λ1 macrophage models. qRT-PCR and Immunofluorescence were used to detect the polarization phenotype of macrophage polarized by rL-hIFN-λ1. The inhibitory properties of THP-rL-hIFN-λ1 on A549 cells and H446 cells were determined by a Clonogenic assay, as well as scratch migration assays and Transwell were used to explore the capability of migration. Furthermore, the M1/M2 infiltration density in different clinical stages of lung cancer tissues were examined. RESULTS It was showed that rL-hIFN-λ1 could induce normal macrophages to differentiate into THP-1-M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, rL-hIFN-λ1 could also direct THP-1-M2 macrophages polarization into THP-1-M1 macrophages. Supernatants from rL-hIFN-λl induced macrophages inhibited colony formation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro which was similar to THP-1-M1 macrophages. Moreover, analysis of clinical tumor tissues indicated that M1-type macrophages decreased gradually with the development of the clinical stage of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, rL-hIFN-λl induced significant suppression of primary lung tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastases through regulating macrophages function, and it was expected to become a new biological therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Riting Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuanfeng Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Anwei Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuefeng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
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129
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Quintana E, Schulze CJ, Myers DR, Choy TJ, Mordec K, Wildes D, Shifrin NT, Belwafa A, Koltun ES, Gill AL, Singh M, Kelsey S, Goldsmith MA, Nichols R, Smith JAM. Allosteric Inhibition of SHP2 Stimulates Antitumor Immunity by Transforming the Immunosuppressive Environment. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2889-2902. [PMID: 32350067 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 binds to phosphorylated signaling motifs on regulatory immunoreceptors including PD-1, but its functional role in tumor immunity is unclear. Using preclinical models, we show that RMC-4550, an allosteric inhibitor of SHP2, induces antitumor immunity, with effects equivalent to or greater than those resulting from checkpoint blockade. In the tumor microenvironment, inhibition of SHP2 modulated T-cell infiltrates similar to checkpoint blockade. In addition, RMC-4550 drove direct, selective depletion of protumorigenic M2 macrophages via attenuation of CSF1 receptor signaling and increased M1 macrophages via a mechanism independent of CD8+ T cells or IFNγ. These dramatic shifts in polarized macrophage populations in favor of antitumor immunity were not seen with checkpoint blockade. Consistent with a pleiotropic mechanism of action, RMC-4550 in combination with either checkpoint or CSF1R blockade caused additive antitumor activity with complete tumor regressions in some mice; tumors intrinsically sensitive to SHP2 inhibition or checkpoint blockade were particularly susceptible. Our preclinical findings demonstrate that SHP2 thus plays a multifaceted role in inducing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, through both targeted inhibition of RAS pathway-dependent tumor growth and liberation of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, these data suggest that inhibition of SHP2 is a promising investigational therapeutic approach. SIGNIFICANCE: Inhibition of SHP2 causes direct and selective depletion of protumorigenic M2 macrophages and promotes antitumor immunity, highlighting an investigational therapeutic approach for some RAS pathway-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Quintana
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Darienne R Myers
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Tiffany J Choy
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Kasia Mordec
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - David Wildes
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Amira Belwafa
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Elena S Koltun
- Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Adrian L Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Stephen Kelsey
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California.,Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Mark A Goldsmith
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California.,Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Robert Nichols
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, California
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130
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Lechien JR, Descamps G, Seminerio I, Furgiuele S, Dequanter D, Mouawad F, Badoual C, Journe F, Saussez S. HPV Involvement in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051060. [PMID: 32344813 PMCID: PMC7281394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Active human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been identified as an important additional risk factor and seems to be associated with a better prognosis in non-drinker and non-smoker young patients with oropharyngeal SCC. The better response of the immune system against the HPV-induced HNSCC is suspected as a potential explanation for the better prognosis of young patients. To further assess this hypothesis, our review aims to shed light the current knowledge about the impact of HPV infection on the immune response in the context of HNSCC, focusing on the innate immune system, particularly highlighting the role of macrophages, Langerhans and myeloid cells, and on the adaptative immune system, pointing out the involvement of T regulatory, T CD8 and T CD4 lymphocytes. In addition, we also review the preventive (HPV vaccines) and therapeutic (checkpoint inhibitors) strategies against HPV-related HNSCC, stressing the use of anti-CTLA4, PD-L1, PD-L2 antibodies alone and in combination with other agents able to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R. Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU of Lille, University Lille 2, 59000 Lille, France;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Imelda Seminerio
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Sonia Furgiuele
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Francois Mouawad
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU of Lille, University Lille 2, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of anatomo-pathology, G Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institute Jules Bordet, Free University of Brussels, Rue Heger-Bordet, 1, B1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-65-37-35-84
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Dancsok AR, Gao D, Lee AF, Steigen SE, Blay JY, Thomas DM, Maki RG, Nielsen TO, Demicco EG. Tumor-associated macrophages and macrophage-related immune checkpoint expression in sarcomas. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1747340. [PMID: 32313727 PMCID: PMC7153829 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1747340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors in sarcomas have delivered mixed results, and efforts to improve outcomes now look to combinatorial strategies with novel immunotherapeutics, including some that target macrophages. To enhance our understanding of the sarcoma immune landscape, we quantified and characterized tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and expression of the targetable macrophage-related immune checkpoint CD47/SIRPα across sarcoma types. We surveyed immunohistochemical expression of CD68, CD163, CD47, and SIRPα in tissue microarrays of 1242 sarcoma specimens (spanning 24 types). Non-translocation sarcomas, particularly undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, had significantly higher counts of both CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages than translocation-associated sarcomas. Across nearly all sarcoma types, macrophages outnumbered tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD163+ (M2-like) macrophages outnumbered CD68+ (M1-like) macrophages. These findings were supported by data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, which showed a correlation between increasing macrophage contributions to immune infiltration and several measures of DNA damage. CD47 expression was bimodal, with most cases showing either 0% or >90% tumor cell staining, and the highest CD47 scores were observed in chordoma, angiosarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. SIRPα scores correlated well with CD47 expression. Given the predominance of macrophage infiltrates over tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the bias toward M2-like (immunosuppressive) macrophage polarization, and the generally high scores for CD47 and SIRPα, macrophage-focused immunomodulatory agents, such as CD47 or IDO-1 inhibitors, may be particularly worthwhile to pursue in sarcoma patients, alone or in combination with lymphocyte-focused agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Dancsok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna F. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Eriksson Steigen
- Clinical Pathology and Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David M. Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Robert G. Maki
- Northwell Health Monter Cancer Center and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G. Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang X, Quan F, Xu J, Xiao Y, Li X, Li Y. Combination of multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells predicts clinical outcome in colon cancer. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108412. [PMID: 32278085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells is highly associated with the development and progression of cancer. Thus, integrating the immune cell infiltrating profile into an immune cell infiltrating score may predict the survival of cancer patients. Here, by combining the infiltration proportion of 22 immune cells inferred from bulk tumor transcriptome of 879 patients, we identified an immune cell infiltrating indicator including five types of immune cells: resting T cells CD4 memory, macrophages M0-M2, and activated mast cells. The signature distinguished patients into two groups (high-risk and low-risk) with significantly different survival in the training cohort (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.29-2.98, P = .0013) and two additional cohorts (HR = 1.78, 95%, CI = 1.16-2.75, P = .0079 and HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.28-3.14, P = .0019). The indicator remained as an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for clinicopathological factors by multivariable analysis in all cohorts. Stratification analysis showed that the signature consistently and significantly predicted survival of high-stage colon cancer patients in the training cohort (P = .00053) and validation cohorts (P = .017 and P = .0035). Moreover, we found that the low-risk patients were significantly correlated with deficient mismatch repair and the high-risk patients had a weak ability of trafficking of immune cells to tumors in the cancer immunity cycle. Overall, our results showed that integrating multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells was an effective strategy for uncovering robust prognostic factor for tumor patients, and potentially was a promising response marker for precision oncology to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Fei Quan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jinyuan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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Riccardo F, Barutello G, Petito A, Tarone L, Conti L, Arigoni M, Musiu C, Izzo S, Volante M, Longo DL, Merighi IF, Papotti M, Cavallo F, Quaglino E. Immunization against ROS1 by DNA Electroporation Impairs K-Ras-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas . Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020166. [PMID: 32268572 PMCID: PMC7349290 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutic approaches, there is still an urgent need for novel strategies to improve patient survival. ROS1, a tyrosine kinase receptor endowed with oncoantigen features, is activated by chromosomal rearrangement or overexpression in NSCLC and in several tumor histotypes. In this work, we have exploited transgenic mice harboring the activated K-Ras oncogene (K-RasG12D) that spontaneously develop metastatic NSCLC as a preclinical model to test the efficacy of ROS1 immune targeting. Indeed, qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed ROS1 overexpression in the autochthonous primary tumors and extrathoracic metastases developed by K-RasG12D mice and in a derived transplantable cell line. As proof of concept, we have evaluated the effects of the intramuscular electroporation (electrovaccination) of plasmids coding for mouse- and human-ROS1 on the progression of these NSCLC models. A significant increase in survival was observed in ROS1-electrovaccinated mice challenged with the transplantable cell line. It is worth noting that tumors were completely rejected, and immune memory was achieved, albeit only in a few mice. Most importantly, ROS1 electrovaccination was also found to be effective in slowing the development of autochthonous NSCLC in K-RasG12D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Barutello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Angela Petito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Chiara Musiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Stefania Izzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Irene Fiore Merighi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.I.); (M.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (E.Q.); Tel.: +39-011670-6457 (F.C. & E.Q.)
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.R.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.M.); (I.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (E.Q.); Tel.: +39-011670-6457 (F.C. & E.Q.)
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Baj J, Brzozowska K, Forma A, Maani A, Sitarz E, Portincasa P. Immunological Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2544. [PMID: 32268527 PMCID: PMC7177728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, microaerophilic pathogen often results in gastric cancer in a subset of affected individuals. This explains why H. pylori is the only bacterium classified as a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Several studies have pinpointed mechanisms by which H. pylori alters signaling pathways in the host cell to cause diseases. In this article, the authors have reviewed 234 studies conducted over a span of 18 years (2002-2020). The studies investigated the various mechanisms associated with gastric cancer induction. For the past 1.5 years, researchers have discovered new mechanisms contributing to gastric cancer linked to H. pylori etiology. Alongside alteration of the host signaling pathways using oncogenic CagA pathways, H. pylori induce DNA damage in the host and alter the methylation of DNA as a means of perturbing downstream signaling. Also, with H. pylori, several pathways in the host cell are activated, resulting in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), together with the induction of cell proliferation and survival. Studies have shown that H. pylori enhances gastric carcinogenesis via a multifactorial approach. What is intriguing is that most of the targeted mechanisms and pathways appear common with various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Brzozowska
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Amr Maani
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Yang M, Zhang X, Liu Q, Niu T, Jiang L, Li H, Kuang J, Qi C, Zhang Q, He X, Wang L, Li J. Knocking out matrix metalloproteinase 12 causes the accumulation of M2 macrophages in intestinal tumor microenvironment of mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1409-1421. [PMID: 32242260 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MMP12 is mainly secreted by macrophages, is involved in macrophage development, and decomposes the extracellular matrix. Herein, we investigated whether macrophages would change in the intestinal tumor microenvironment after MMP12 knockout. ApcMin/+;MMP12-/-mice were obtained by crossbreeding ApcMin/+ mice with MMP12 knockout mice (MMP12-/- mice). The data showed that the number and volume of intestinal tumors were significantly increased in ApcMin/+;MMP12-/- mice compared with ApcMin/+ mice. Additionally, the tumor biomarkers CA19-9, CEA, and β-catenin appeared relatively early in intestinal tumors in ApcMin/+;MMP12-/- mice. The results demonstrated that knocking out MMP12 accelerated the tumor growth and pathological process. On further investigation of its mechanism, the proportions of M2 macrophages in the spleen and among peritoneal macrophages were significantly up-regulated in ApcMin/+;MMP12-/- mice. Expression of M2 macrophage-related genes was up-regulated in tumor and peritoneal macrophages. The M2-related cytokine levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were increased in the serum of ApcMin/+;MMP12-/-mice. In vitro, bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages were obtained by treating bone marrow cells with IL-4 and IL-13, and these M2 macrophages secreted cytokines being changed. This finding reveals the crucial role of MMP12 in macrophage development and provides a new target for the control of macrophage polarization. Knocking out MMP12 causes intestinal M2 macrophage accumulation in tumor microenvironment, promoting the growth of intestinal tumors in ApcMin/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuhai Branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519015, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lingbi Jiang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haobin Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianbiao Kuang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cen Y, Huang Z, Ren J, Zhang J, Gong Y, Xie C. The characteristic of tumor immune microenvironment in pulmonary carcinosarcoma. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:323-331. [PMID: 32212951 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinosarcoma (PCS) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm, due to late diagnosis and early metastasis. Surgery combined with radiotherapy is a standard treatment. However, PCS features an easy relapse after surgery resection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor immune microenvironment reflects tumor immunophenotyping and affects immunotherapy efficiency. This review summarized current studies on the characteristic of tumor immune microenvironment in PCS and discussed the potential of immunotherapy combined with other regimes strategy as a candidate for treatments in PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cen
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Nyiramana MM, Cho SB, Kim EJ, Kim MJ, Ryu JH, Nam HJ, Kim NG, Park SH, Choi YJ, Kang SS, Jung M, Shin MK, Han J, Jang IS, Kang D. Sea Hare Hydrolysate-Induced Reduction of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Growth through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Non-Apoptotic Regulated Cell Death Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E726. [PMID: 32204484 PMCID: PMC7140097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea hare-derived compounds induce macrophage activation and reduce asthmatic parameters in mouse models of allergic asthma. These findings led us to study the role of sea hare hydrolysates (SHH) in cancer pathophysiology. SHH treatment-induced M1 macrophage activation in RAW264.7 cells, peritoneal macrophages, and THP-1 cells, as did lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (+ INF-γ), whereas SHH reduced interleukin (IL)-4 (+IL-13)-induced M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, SHH treatment inhibited the actions of M1 and M2 macrophages, which have anticancer and pro-cancer effects, respectively, in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549 and HCC-366) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Furthermore, SHH induced G2/M phase arrest and cell death in A549 cells. SHH also downregulated STAT3 activation in macrophages and A549 cells, and the down-regulation was recovered by colivelin, a STAT3 activator. SHH-induced reduction of M2 polarization and tumor growth was blocked by colivelin treatment. SHH-induced cell death did not occur in the manner of apoptotic signaling pathways, while the death pattern was mediated through pyroptosis/necroptosis, which causes membrane rupture, formation of vacuoles and bleb, activation of caspase-1, and secretion of IL-1β in SHH-treated A549 cells. However, a combination of SHH and colivelin blocked caspase-1 activation. Z-YVAD-FMK and necrostatin-1, pyrotosis and necroptosis inhibitors, attenuated SHH's effect on the cell viability of A549 cells. Taken together, SHH showed anticancer effects through a cytotoxic effect on A549 cells and a regulatory effect on macrophages in A549 cells. In addition, the SHH-induced anticancer effects were mediated by non-apoptotic regulated cell death pathways under STAT3 inhibition. These results suggest that SHH may be offered as a potential remedy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Merci Nyiramana
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.M.N.); (E.-J.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Soo Buem Cho
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.M.N.); (E.-J.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.M.N.); (E.-J.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Nam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Nam-Gil Kim
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture and Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
| | | | - Yeung Joon Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology and Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.J.); (M.-K.S.)
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.J.); (M.-K.S.)
| | - Jaehee Han
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.M.N.); (E.-J.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - In-Seok Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (M.M.N.); (E.-J.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul 07804, Korea;
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Curtis LT, Frieboes HB. Modeling of Combination Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:273-276. [PMID: 31945894 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has traditionally been studied from a basic science perspective, focusing on the underlying biology, physiology, and biochemistry. Engineering has supplemented this effort via the development of technology, e.g., microscopy. In recent times, engineering and the physical sciences have positioned themselves as approaches on par with the traditional basic sciences to tackle the study of cancer. Mathematical modeling and computational simulation have become key elements of this engineering-focused effort, evaluating the growth of tumors and their response to therapy as problems that could benefit from a systems analysis perspective. Building upon previous work in this field, here is developed a modeling framework to help evaluate the response of tumors to the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With system parameters set with patient tumor-specific parameters, the longer term goal of this work is to advance personalized cancer treatment.
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139
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Schnellhardt S, Erber R, Büttner-Herold M, Rosahl MC, Ott OJ, Strnad V, Beckmann MW, King L, Hartmann A, Fietkau R, Distel L. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: Macrophage Polarisation Shift Classification Identifies High-Risk Tumours in Early Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E446. [PMID: 32075091 PMCID: PMC7072550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated correlations between accumulations of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially of M2-like phenotype, and increased mortality in advanced breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic potential of both main macrophage phenotypes in early hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. The studied cohort of 136 patients participated in an institutional APBI phase II trial. Patient selection was characterized by HR+, small tumour size and no metastasis. Tissue microarrays from pre-RT resection samples were double stained for CD68/CD163 using immunohistochemistry. CD68+/CD163- cells were considered M1-like macrophages and CD68+/CD163+ was representative of M2-like macrophages. M1 and M2 macrophage densities were analysed semi-automatically in the stromal and intraepithelial tumour compartment. Low M1 and high M2 densities were strongly associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS). Combined TAM phenotype densities were studied after defining a macrophage shift classification: M1-shifted (M1 high, M2 low) and non-shifted (M1 low, M2 low; M1 high, M2 high) tumours entailed a favourable outcome. In contrast, M2-shifted (M1 low, M2 high) TAM populations were associated with extremely reduced DFS. Thus, the full predictive potential of TAMs was revealed in a combined analysis of both phenotypes. The M2-shifted subgroup of tumours is classified as high-risk and probably not suitable for partial breast irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Schnellhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marie-Charlotte Rosahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Oliver J. Ott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Vratislav Strnad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 21, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Lillian King
- Intensive Care Unit, Redcliffe Hospital; University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
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140
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Mwafy SE, El-Guindy DM. Pathologic assessment of tumor-associated macrophages and their histologic localization in invasive breast carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2020; 32:6. [PMID: 32372332 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-020-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important in regulating cross-talk between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. TAMs are involved in multiple steps of tumor progression and invasion. This study aimed to compare CD163 expression with the widely used CD68 pan-macrophage marker in invasive breast carcinoma. Furthermore, it focused on assessing the significance of TAMs localization in relation to clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemical expressions within TAMs infiltrating both tumor nest (TN) and tumor stroma (TS) were evaluated in 60 specimens with invasive breast carcinoma. High CD68-positive stromal TAMs was significantly related to larger tumor, nodal metastasis and vascular invasion (p = 0.003, 0.037, 0.032, respectively), whereas high CD163-positive stromal TAMs was significantly related to larger tumors, nodal metastasis, stage III tumors, vascular invasion, estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, and triple-negative subtype (p = 0.023, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.022, 0.002, 0.017, respectively). On multivariate analysis, high CD68-positive TAMs infiltrating TS was significantly associated with larger tumor and positive nodal metastasis (p = 0.006 and 0.016, respectively), whereas high CD163 TAMs density within TS was significantly associated with positive vascular invasion, nodal metastasis, and molecular subtypes (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION TAMs within tumor stroma and tumor nest have different levels of association with poor prognostic parameters. So, it is of great importance to consider the histologic localization of TAMs in addition to the degree of TAMs infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk E Mwafy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina M El-Guindy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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141
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Chelvanambi M, Weinstein AM, Storkus WJ. IL-36 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:95-110. [PMID: 32060891 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to prevent or control the growth of tumor cells is critically dependent on inflammatory processes that lead to the activation, expansion, and recruitment of antitumor effector cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). These processes are orchestrated by soluble cytokines produced in tissues that alarm local immune surveillance cells (such as dendritic cells, DCs) to mobilize protective antitumor immune populations (B cells, T cells). The interleukin (IL)-36 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in multiple disease processes, ranging from an instigator of autoimmune psoriasis to an initiator of therapeutic immune responses against tumor cells. This chapter will focus on the biologic role of immunomodulatory IL-36 family cytokines in the cancer setting and their potential utility in the design of effective interventional therapies. (127 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Chelvanambi
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aliyah M Weinstein
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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142
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Tuminello S, Veluswamy R, Lieberman-Cribbin W, Gnjatic S, Petralia F, Wang P, Flores R, Taioli E. Prognostic value of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of early-stage lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7142-7155. [PMID: 31903172 PMCID: PMC6935257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carry significant risk of recurrence post-surgery. In-depth characterization of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) can have prognostic value. This study aimed to evaluate the association of individual immune cell types in the TME with clinical outcomes in surgically resected, early-stage NSCLC. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the National Library of Medicine database through November 2019, investigating predefined biomarkers (CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD20+ B cells, CD56+ & CD57+ Natural Killer (NK) cells, CD68+ Tissue Associated Macrophages (TAMS), FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, and Mast Cells (MC)), and their association with survival following PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Studies that adjusted for important clinical covariates (such as stage and age) showed that higher levels of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were associated with improved OS (HR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.93) and DFS (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.87), while increased CD20+ B cells (HR = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.64) and CD 56/57+ NK cells (HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.95) were associated with improved OS; lung cancers with increased FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (HR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.47-3.34) had worse OS. CONCLUSIONS Immune cell components of the TME have prognostic value in early-stage, surgically resected NSCLC, and may reveal which patients are more likely to need additional systemic treatment, including immunotherapy. Clinical covariates need to be considered when evaluating the prognostic value of immune cells in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tuminello
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajwanth Veluswamy
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raja Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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143
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Quintero-Fabián S, Arreola R, Becerril-Villanueva E, Torres-Romero JC, Arana-Argáez V, Lara-Riegos J, Ramírez-Camacho MA, Alvarez-Sánchez ME. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1370. [PMID: 31921634 PMCID: PMC6915110 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, new vessels emerge from existing endothelial lined vessels to promote the degradation of the vascular basement membrane and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by endothelial cell migration, and proliferation and the new generation of matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the disruption, tumor neovascularization, and subsequent metastasis while tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) downregulate the activity of these MMPs. Then, the angiogenic response can be directly or indirectly mediated by MMPs through the modulation of the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. This review analyzes recent knowledge on MMPs and their participation in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Quintero-Fabián
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Arreola
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente", Clinical Research Branch, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Facultad de Química de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
| | - Victor Arana-Argáez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Facultad de Química de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Julio Lara-Riegos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Facultad de Química de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
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Schulze AB, Schmidt LH, Heitkötter B, Huss S, Mohr M, Marra A, Hillejan L, Görlich D, Barth PJ, Rehkämper J, Evers G. Prognostic impact of CD34 and SMA in cancer-associated fibroblasts in stage I-III NSCLC. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:120-129. [PMID: 31760702 PMCID: PMC6938745 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in lung cancer pathogenesis. Among others, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are reported to regulate this process. Objectives To investigate the prognostic and clinical impact, we analyzed CD34+ and SMA+ CAFs in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Retrospectively, immunohistochemistry was performed to study stromal protein expression of both CD34 and SMA in 304 NSCLC patients with pTNM stage I‐III disease. All tissue samples were embedded on tissue microarrays (TMAs). Results Our analysis revealed an association for CD34+ CAFs with G1/2 tumors and adenocarcinoma histology. Moreover CD34+ CAFs were identified as an independent prognostic factor (both for progression free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS] in stage I‐III NSCLC). Besides, SMA+ expression correlated with higher pTNM‐tumor stages and lymphatic spread (pN stage). In turn, SMA‐negativity was associated with improved PFS, but no prognostic impact was found on OS. Of interest, neither CD34+ CAFs nor SMA+ CAFs were associated with the primary tumor size, localization and depth of infiltration (pT stage). Conclusions CD34 was identified as an independent prognostic marker in pTNM stage I‐III NSCLC. Moreover, loss of CD34+ CAFs might influence the dedifferentiation of the NSCLC tumor from its cell origin. Finally, SMA+ CAFs are more prevalent in NSCLC tumors of higher stages and lymphonodal positive NSCLC. Key points Expression of CD34 on cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is an independent prognostic factor in stage I‐III NSCLC. SMA+ cancer associated fibroblasts are associated with higher tumor stages in NSCLC and might contribute to tumor progression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Bernard Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Henning Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Birthe Heitkötter
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Mohr
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rems-Murr-Klinikum Winnenden, Winnenden, Germany
| | - Ludger Hillejan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Ostercappeln, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter J Barth
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Rehkämper
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Evers
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Braicu C, Gulei D, Raduly L, Harangus A, Rusu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Altered expression of miR-181 affects cell fate and targets drug resistance-related mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:90-105. [PMID: 31703947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which regulate genetic and epigenetic events by interfering with mRNA translation. miRNAs are involved in regulation of cell fate due to their ability of interfering with physiological or pathological processes. In this review paper, we evaluate the role of miR-181 family members as prognostic or diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in malignant pathologies in connection with the main hallmarks of cancer that are modulated by the family. Also, we take over the dual role of this family in dependency with the tumour suppressor and oncogenic features presented in cell and cancer type specific manner. Restoration of the altered expression levels contributes to the activation of cell death pathways or to a reduction in the invasion and migration mechanism; moreover, the mechanism of drug resistance is also modulated by miR-181 sequences with important applications in therapeutic strategies for malignant cells sensitisation. Overall, the main miR-181 family regulatory mechanisms are presented in a cancer specific context, emphasizing the possible clinical application of this family in terms of novel diagnosis and therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Leon Daniello" Pneumophtisiology Clinic, 6 Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu Street, 400332, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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146
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Lv P, Yang S, Liu W, Qin H, Tang X, Wu F, Liu Z, Gao H, Liu X. Circulating plasma lncRNAs as novel markers of EGFR mutation status and monitors of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:29-40. [PMID: 31691525 PMCID: PMC6938758 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations predict tumor response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, even patients with EGFR‐sensitive mutations in NSCLC have limited efficacy with EGFR‐TKI. Studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is related to diagnosis and prognosis with NSCLC. This study aimed to explore the correlation between lncRNA in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation status and EGFR‐TKI efficacy. Methods The amplification‐refractory mutation system method was used to test the EGFR mutation status in tumor tissues and pleural effusions of NSCLC patients. Three EGFR‐mutant patients and three EGFR wild‐type patients were selected. Differential lncRNA was performed on the pleural effusions of the two selected groups of patients using Clariom D Human chip technology. Five lncRNAs significantly associated with EGFR mutation status were screened by FC value and GO analysis, and then evaluated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in NSCLC patients' pleural effusions. Three were further analyzed in NSCLC patients' plasma. Results There were 61 significant differences in lncRNA between EGFR mutation‐positive and wild‐type patients. Among them, SCARNA7, MALAT1, NONHSAT017369, NONHSAT051892, and FTH1P2 were significantly associated with EGFR mutation status. SCARNA7, MALAT1, and NONHSAT017369 showed consistent results with plasma in pleural effusions compared to EGFR wild‐type, all upregulated in the EGFR mutation group. Conclusion This study shows that lncRNAs can be used not only as potential biomarkers for predicting the mutation status of EGFR and the efficacy of EGFR‐TKI, but also for monitoring the efficacy of EGFR‐TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lv
- Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China.,PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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147
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Sumitomo R, Hirai T, Fujita M, Murakami H, Otake Y, Huang CL. M2 tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4490-4498. [PMID: 31777551 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment that can be polarized into different phenotypes, including tumor-inhibiting M1 macrophages and tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. To elucidate the biological and clinical significance of M2 TAMs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a comprehensive clinical assessment of the tissue distribution of M2 TAMs was performed. The tissue distribution of M2 TAMs was retrospectively analyzed using CD163 immunohistochemistry in 160 consecutive patients who underwent NSCLC resection. Tumor proliferation was evaluated via the Ki-67 proliferation index. The results revealed that the stromal density of M2 TAMs was significantly associated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P=0.0250), the Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.0090) and invasive size (P=0.0285). Furthermore, the stromal M2 TAM density was significantly associated with tumor differentiation (P=0.0018), lymph node metastasis (P=0.0347) and pathological stage (P=0.0412). The alveolar M2 TAM density was also significantly associated with the CRP level (P=0.0309), invasive size (P<0.0001), tumor differentiation (P=0.0192), tumor status (P=0.0108) and pathological stage (P=0.0110). By contrast, no association was observed between islet M2 TAM density and the aforementioned biological and clinical factors. In regards to prognosis, disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with stromal M2 TAM-high tumors (P=0.0270) and in those with alveolar M2 TAM-high tumors (P=0.0283). Furthermore, the overall survival rate was also significantly lower in patients with stromal M2 TAM-high tumors (P=0.0162) and in those with alveolar M2 TAM-high tumors (P=0.0225). Therefore, during NSCLC progression, M2 TAMs may induce tumor cell aggressiveness and proliferation and increase metastatic potential, resulting in a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sumitomo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Yosuke Otake
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Cheng-Long Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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148
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Kielbassa K, Vegna S, Ramirez C, Akkari L. Understanding the Origin and Diversity of Macrophages to Tailor Their Targeting in Solid Cancers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2215. [PMID: 31611871 PMCID: PMC6773830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and are associated with a poor prognostic factor in several cancers. TAMs promote tumor growth by facilitating immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and inflammation, and can promote tumor recurrence post-therapeutic intervention. Major TAM-targeted therapies include depletion, reprogramming, as well as disrupting the balance of macrophage recruitment and their effector functions. However, intervention-targeting macrophages have been challenging, since TAM populations are highly plastic and adaptation or resistance to these approaches often arise. Defining a roadmap of macrophage dynamics in the TIME related to tissue and tumor type could represent exploitable vulnerabilities related to their altered functions in cancer malignancy. Here, we review multiple macrophage-targeting strategies in brain, liver, and lung cancers, which all emerge in tissues rich in resident macrophages. We discuss the successes and failures of these therapeutic approaches as well as the potential of personalized macrophage-targeting treatments in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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149
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Proctor DT, Huang J, Lama S, Albakr A, Van Marle G, Sutherland GR. Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in meningioma. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz018. [PMID: 32642654 PMCID: PMC7212927 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma, a most common brain tumor, has a high rate of recurrence. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in meningioma. TAMs display functional phenotypic diversity and may establish either an inflammatory and anti-tumoral or an immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral microenvironment. TAM subtypes present in meningioma and potential contribution to growth and recurrence is unknown. Methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify M1 and M2 TAM populations in tissues obtained from 30 meningioma patients. Associations between M1 and M2 cells, M1:M2 cell ratio to tumor characteristics, WHO grade, recurrence, size, location, peri-tumoral edema, and patient demographics such as age and sex were examined. Results TAM cells accounted for ~18% of all cells in meningioma tissues. More than 80% of infiltrating TAMs were found to be of pro-tumoral M2 phenotype and correlated to tumor size (P = .0409). M1:M2 cell ratio was significantly decreased in WHO grade II, compared to grade I tumors (P = .009). Furthermore, a 2.3-fold difference in M1:M2 ratio between primary (0.14) and recurrent (0.06) tumors was observed (n = 18 and 12 respectively, P = .044). Conclusion This study is the first to confirm existence of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in the meningioma microenvironment, emphasizing its potential role in tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Proctor
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jordan Huang
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanju Lama
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Albakr
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guido Van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Garnette R Sutherland
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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150
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Xu J, Yu Y, He X, Niu N, Li X, Zhang R, Hu J, Ma J, Yu X, Sun Y, Ni H, Wang F. Tumor-associated macrophages induce invasion and poor prognosis in human gastric cancer in a cyclooxygenase-2/MMP9-dependent manner. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6040-6054. [PMID: 31632572 PMCID: PMC6789263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with invasion, angiogenesis, and poor prognosis in many human cancers. However, the role of TAMs in human gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. In the present study, we first measured COX2 expression and TAM infiltration in human GC tissues using double immunohistochemical staining. Then, we indirectly cocultured M2-polarized macrophages derived from human THP-1 cells with GC cells as an in vitro model. Transwell assays, siRNA transfection, treatment with a COX2 inhibitor and Western blotting were used to investigate the relationship among TAMs, invasion and COX2 expression as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Double IHC staining showed that TAMs were aggregated near GC tumor nests and had high COX2 expression; moreover, the number of TAMs that infiltrated the tumor nest was correlated with the depth of invasion, COX2 expression and poor prognosis in human GC. In an in vitro assay, after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the THP-1 cells differentiated into M2 macrophages and induced COX2/MMP9-dependent invasiveness in GC cells. Pretreatment of GC cells with COX2 siRNA or a COX2 inhibitor (Celecoxib) can negate these promoting effects. The results of this study and those of our previous studies indicate that coculture with M2-polarized macrophages can induce the COX2-dependent release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which subsequently increases the invasiveness of GC cells. Our data may provide a basis for targeting TAMs or for polarizing TAMs through immune regulation to halt GC progression, which could soon become a nonsurgical treatment for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajuan Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Units (ICU), Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Tradition Chinese Medicine (TCM), Xiasha CampusHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanshui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengyong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
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