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Dragano*1 N, Reuter*1 […]*2 M, Berger K. Increase in Mental Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic-The Role of Occupational and Financial Strains. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:179-187. [PMID: 35197188 PMCID: PMC9229580 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported an increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the exact reasons for this development are not well understood. In this study we investigate whether pandemic-related occupational and financial changes (e.g., reduced working hours, working from home, financial losses) were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with the situation before the pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data from the German National Cohort (NAKO) Study. Between May and November 2020, 161 849 study participants answered questions on their mental state and social circumstances. Their responses were compared with data from the baseline survey before the pandemic (2014-2019). Linear fixed-effects models were used to determine whether individual changes in the severity of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7) were associated with occupational/ financial changes (controlling for various covariates). RESULTS The prevalence of moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety increased by 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding years. The mean severity of the symptoms rose slightly. A pronounced increase in symptoms was observed among those who became unemployed during the pandemic (+ 1.16 points on the depression scale, 95% confidence interval [0.91; 1.41], range 0-27). Increases were also seen for reduced working hours with no short-time allowance, increased working hours, working from home, insecurity regarding employment, and financial strain. The deterioration in mental health was largely statistically explained by the occupational and financial changes investigated in the model. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders increased slightly in the study population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational and financial difficulties were an essential contributory factor. These strains should be taken into account both in the care of individual patients and in the planning of targeted prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Dragano*1
- *1 All authors are co-first authors.,Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Institut für Medizinische Soziologie Centre for Health and Society Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marvin Reuter*1 […]*2
- *1 All authors are co-first authors.,*2 Additional authors have contributed to this publication. They are listed under “cite this as” and at the end of this article together with their affiliations.,Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
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102
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Research on the Intervention Countermeasures and Mental Health Status of College Music Teachers from the Perspective of Positive Psychology. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9133979. [PMID: 35265310 PMCID: PMC8901333 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9133979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of education is to train people who are well-rounded and educate people with heart through teachers and determine the direction for the growth of life. Psychological education is one of the top ten education systems in colleges and universities. The psychological health of college teachers is the key to teaching and education. Colleges and universities attach great importance to teachers' educational level and scientific research achievements, pay attention to teachers' instrumental value, and pay little attention to teachers' mental health. Therefore, this study aims to study the mental health status and prevention measures of college music teachers from the perspective of positive psychology. By combining the qualitative method with the quantitative method, this study carries out questionnaire survey and interview on “mental health” of music teachers in four universities and then puts forward relevant intervention countermeasures. Research shows that only one-fifth of the teachers believed that they had received psychological counseling from the school and successfully solved their own problems; nearly 60% of music teachers said that the psychological counseling provided by the school lacked pertinence and professionalism, and lacked practical solutions to their own problems. This shows that the psychological intervention strategies adopted by Chinese colleges and universities for music teachers are far from the expected results.
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103
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Rampasso IS, Santana M, Serafim MP, Dibbern T, Rodrigues EA, Filho WL, Anholon R. Trends in remote work: A science mapping study. Work 2022; 71:441-450. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic made workers suddenly change their routines and several companies adopted a remote work modality. This change quickly started to be analysed in academic literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a scientific mapping on the theme “remote work” to highlight the prominent themes associated with the subject for 2020 and 2021, covering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying mainly the “motor themes”, this study contributes to identify themes developed and relevant to the subjects analyzed. METHODS: An initial sample of 479 articles published in the analyzed period was listed from the Web of Science database. After analysing these articles, 186 were selected and were analyzed by Scimat software. Journals and references were also analyzed. RESULTS: The centrality and density indexes of the sub-themes “job-satisfaction” and “flexible-work” were more evidenced in the analysis, enabling the classification of these sub-themes directly as “motor themes”. Regarding the density index of the sub-theme, the classification “stress” was less seen. After a careful analysis of the articles content, it was verified that this is also a “motor theme”. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the three defined “motor themes”, they can be considered the most developed and important sub-themes of study in this field and, therefore, need to be well understood by new researchers in the field. In addition, these findings show that the mentioned sub-themes must be focused on by managers, considering the relevance that the literature attributes to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Simon Rampasso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Milena Pavan Serafim
- Laboratory of Public Sector Studies, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thais Dibbern
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Leal Filho
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosley Anholon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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104
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Goh K. Significant predictors that determine Singaporeans’ intention to seek professional counselling. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2022.2039730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khim Goh
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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105
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‘We Have No Hope for Anything’: Exploring Interconnected Economic, Social and Environmental Risks to Adolescents in Lebanon. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable development is an effort to balance social progress with environmental equilibrium and economic growth. Young people affected by forced displacement are particularly vulnerable to the economic, environmental and social challenges of their surroundings. Using a framework that centres sustainable development on these three interconnected pillars, this article explores how the economic and environmental contexts in Lebanon impact adolescents’ and youth social development, drawing on qualitative data from adolescents in refugee and host community settings. The article highlights that adolescents face economic challenges because of the national economic crisis, exacerbated by COVID-19 lockdowns and service closures, poor labour market opportunities for youth—and for refugees in particular—and rising living costs. The environmental challenges facing adolescents include inadequate shelter (especially in collective shelters and informal tented shelters) and inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. These economic and environmental conditions in turn influence adolescents’ social capabilities such as their physical and mental health, and voice and agency. The article concludes by highlighting the need for a more integrated approach to sustainable development that will allow both present and future generations in Lebanon to meet their own needs and live empowered lives. It outlines measures that could help achieve this approach, including: creating policies and programmes that promote investment in technical and soft skills-building to equip young people with the skills they need to take up jobs within the green economy; investing in adolescent-friendly social protection with linkages to environmental projects; and improved shelter, health and WASH facilities, particularly in response to the ongoing and future impacts of climate change.
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106
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Popa I, Ștefan SC, Olariu AA, Popa ȘC, Popa CF. Modelling the COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Employees' Health and Performance: A PLS-SEM Mediation Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1865. [PMID: 35162885 PMCID: PMC8834763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the imposition of certain changes in the management of organizations and in the behavior and actions of employees. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic effects on employees' health and mental well-being, as well as on their working performance. Moreover, the paper aims to highlight whether health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relations. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used. The first results of the study showed that the pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. The findings of the study may provide a useful perspective for organizations and their employees in order to adopt the most effective measures to minimize the effects generated by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Popa
- Management Department, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Cătălina Ștefan
- Management Department, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Alexandra Olariu
- Management Department, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cătălin Popa
- Management Department, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
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Lee S, Kim S, Suh S, Han H, Jung J, Yang S, Shin Y. Relationship between screen time among children and lower economic status during elementary school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35073908 PMCID: PMC8785155 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine whether the extended use of a variety of digital screen devices was associated with lower economic status and other environmental factors among Korean elementary school children and their caregivers during school closures precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A total of 217 caregivers of children 7-12 years of age from Suwon, Korea, were recruited and asked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in June 2020. The questionnaire addressed demographic information and children's use of digital media, in addition to their caregivers. The t-test was used for continuous variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for variables measured on an interval scale. A multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of significant correlative factors on screen time in children as predictors. RESULTS Children with lower household incomes demonstrated a higher frequency and longer duration of smartphone and tablet personal computer use compared to those from higher income households. Children of households in which incomes decreased after COVID-19 used smartphones and tablet PCs more often and for longer durations. Children from households that experienced decreased income(s) after COVID-19 used personal computers more often and for a longer duration, and children from low-income families engaged in longer screen time on smartphones. A change in primary caregiver(s) may have increased children's screen time on smartphones. CONCLUSION Lower household income was associated with longer screen time among children, and poor mental health among caregivers during school closures precipitated the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeoh Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Yang
- Institute of future convergence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Haque MR, Khan MMA, Rahman MM, Rahman MS, Begum SA. Mental health status of informal waste workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262141. [PMID: 34995288 PMCID: PMC8741044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The deadliest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is taking thousands of lives worldwide and presents an extraordinary challenge to mental resilience. This study assesses mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among informal waste workers in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 among 176 informal waste workers selected from nine municipalities and one city corporation in Bangladesh. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to assess respondents’ mental health. The study found that 80.6% of the individuals were suffering from psychological distress; 67.6% reported anxiety and depression, 92.6% reported social dysfunction, and 19.9% reported loss of confidence. The likelihood of psychological distress (Risk ratio [RR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.48) was significantly higher for female than male. Multiple COVID-19 symptoms of the family members (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41), unawareness about COVID-19 infected neighbor (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.41), income reduction (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.41) and daily household meal reduction (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03–1.73) were also found to be associated with psychological distress. These identified factors should be considered in policy-making and support programs for the informal waste workers to manage the pandemic situation as well as combating COVID-19 related psychological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Mostaured Ali Khan
- MEL and Research, Practical Action, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mosfequr Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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109
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The Impact of Migration Status on Adolescents’ Mental Health during COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010176. [PMID: 35052338 PMCID: PMC8775882 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare mental health in adolescents with and without migration background after a semester of remote schooling and almost a year of social distancing in Austria. An online survey, supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, was conducted from 3rd February to 28th February 2021 measuring well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep quality (ISI), stress (PSS-10), and disordered eating (EAT-8). A matched-pairs analysis with and without migration background was conducted and was checked with whole sample analysis. From a total of 3052 participants, N = 508 had a migration background (first or second generation) and N = 479 could be matched according to age, gender, region, and education with adolescents without migration background. Matched-pairs analyses showed that migration background is associated with poorer mental health concerning well-being, depression, anxiety, and insomnia scores (all p-values < 0.05). Prevalence of depressive symptoms (64.5% vs. 56.5%), anxiety symptoms (53.5% vs. 46.0%), as well as insomnia (31.9% vs. 21.0%) is higher in adolescents with migration background (all p-values ≤ 0.02). Comparison of the whole sample (N = 3052) confirmed these results. Results suggest that migration status is a risk factor for mental health problems among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the need to implement easily accessible culture- and language-specific health promotion and prevention strategies.
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110
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Virgolino A, Costa J, Santos O, Pereira ME, Antunes R, Ambrósio S, Heitor MJ, Vaz Carneiro A. Lost in transition: a systematic review of the association between unemployment and mental health. J Ment Health 2022; 31:432-444. [PMID: 34983292 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment can involve financial strain and major psychosocial challenges. Integration of the existing evidence is needed to better characterize the association between unemployment and mental health, independently of macroeconomic contexts. AIMS Main objectives of this study: (a) review, integrate, and summarize evidence about the association between unemployment and anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and suicidal behaviour, and (b) identify variables affecting this association. METHOD Systematic review of literature following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, RCAAP, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Quantitative empirical studies on the association between unemployment and mental illness of community-based samples were included. The quality of the evidence provided in the studies was assessed following pre-defined methodological criteria. RESULTS Overall, 294 articles were considered eligible. In total, 55.7% of the studies were conducted in Europe; 91.4% supported a positive association between increased unemployment rates and anxiety, mood disorders, or suicidal behavior. Men and young adults were most severely affected by unemployment. Education and social support were found to buffer the negative outcomes of job loss. CONCLUSIONS Unemployment was inversely associated with mental health irrespectively of the economic context; unemployed individuals were more vulnerable to commit suicide and suffer from anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virgolino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Unbreakable Idea Research, Painho, Portugal
| | | | - Rita Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Ambrósio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Heitor
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - António Vaz Carneiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Lisbon, Portugal.,Cochrane Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
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111
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Archer C, Turner K, Kessler D, Mars B, Wiles N. Trends in the recording of anxiety in UK primary care: a multi-method approach. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:375-386. [PMID: 34196743 PMCID: PMC8246441 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety disorders are common. Between 1998 and 2008, in the UK, GP recording of anxiety symptoms increased, but the recording of anxiety disorders decreased. We do not know whether such trends have continued. This study examined recent trends in the recording of anxiety and explored factors that may influence GPs' coding of anxiety. METHODS We used data from adults (n = 2,569,153) registered with UK general practices (n = 176) that contributed to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 2003 and 2018. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for recorded anxiety symptoms and diagnoses and were stratified by age and gender. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the years trends changed. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 GPs to explore their views and management of anxiety. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS The incidence of anxiety symptoms rose from 6.2/1000 person-years at risk (PYAR) in 2003 to 14.7/1000 PYAR in 2018. Between 2003 and 2008, the incidence of anxiety diagnoses fell from 13.2 to 10.1/1000 PYAR; markedly increasing between 2013 and 2018 to 15.3/1000 PYAR. GPs mentioned that they preferred using symptom codes to diagnostic codes to avoid assigning potentially stigmatising or unhelpful labels, and commented on a rise in anxiety in recent years, especially in young adults. CONCLUSION Recent increases in the recording of both anxiety diagnoses and symptoms may reflect increased presentation to primary care, especially in young adults. There is a clear need to understand the reasons for this, and this knowledge may be critical in the prevention and treatment of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Archer
- Bristol Medical School, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Katrina Turner
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Medical School, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,grid.410421.20000 0004 0380 7336The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - David Kessler
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Medical School, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,grid.511076.4NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Becky Mars
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Medical School, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,grid.511076.4NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Wiles
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Medical School, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,grid.511076.4NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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112
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Breslau J, North CS, Finucane ML, Roth E, Collins RL. Perceived Need for Mental Health Treatment and the Mental Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Psychiatry 2022; 85:1-12. [PMID: 34328393 PMCID: PMC8800953 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2021.1940470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Population-based information on the extent of perceived need for mental health treatment and clinically significant psychological distress can help inform strategies for responding to the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A representative sample of U.S. adults, age 20 and over (N = 1,957), completed surveys in May and June 2020. Potential target populations were distinguished based on perceived need for mental health treatment and psychological distress, assessed by the Kessler-6, among those without perceived need. Populations were characterized with respect to demographic characteristics and prior mental health treatment history using logistic regression models.Results: The prevalence of perceived need for mental health treatment was 21%. Perceived need was strongly associated with pre-pandemic treatment history; compared to those with no treatment history, perceived need was dramatically higher among those in treatment when the pandemic began (OR = 53.8 95% CI 28.2-102.8) and those with pre-pandemic treatment history (OR = 9.3, 95% CI 5.1-16.8). Among the 79% who did not perceive need, moderate or greater distress was reported by 19% and was associated with younger age and Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6).Conclusions: In the U.S., where mental health treatment is relatively common, mental health treatment response during the pandemic, and perhaps other crises, should target people with a history of mental health treatment. Outreach to people less likely to seek care on their own despite clinically significant distress should target Hispanic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol S. North
- The Altshuler Center for Education & Research, Metrocare Services and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
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Hossain MJ, Ahmmed F, Khandokar L, Rahman SMA, Hridoy A, Ripa FA, Emran TB, Islam MR, Mitra S, Alam M. Status of psychological health of students following the extended university closure in Bangladesh: Results from a web-based cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000315. [PMID: 36962237 PMCID: PMC10021959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Students' severe affective mental distress has emerged as significant public health attention globally because of the disastrous effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study aimed at exploring the prevalence of two alarming psychological distresses, depression and anxiety, among university students following a prolonged shutdown of educational institutions in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted by deploying two standard scales to assess the depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi students from various universities amid the 2nd stream of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 568 Bangladeshi university students participated in this questionnaire-based survey through various social media platforms. Frequency and percentage distribution as univariate, chi-square (χ2) test as bivariate, and logistic regression as multivariate analyses were applied to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated various sociodemographic factors. After cleaning and eliminating the partial data, we analyzed 465 responses, where 42% were female and 64.3% were from public universities. Both mental disorders were prevalent in more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students. The students from the private universities were two times and 2.7 times more depressed and anxious, respectively than the students from the public universities. In addition, the students who became incomeless had significantly more anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.711; p = 0.018) than those who did not lose income source during the COVID-19 lockdown. The present study revealed that more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students were suffering from depression and anxiety. Several effective measures must be assured by the concerted efforts of university authorities, educationalists, and the Government to alleviate these distressing mental health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Hridoy
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Alam Ripa
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Food Security, Financial Resources, and Mental Health: Evidence during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010161. [PMID: 35011036 PMCID: PMC8746951 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has negatively impacted many households’ financial well-being, food security, and mental health status. This paper investigates the role financial resources play in understanding the relationship between food security and mental health among U.S. households using data from a survey in June 2020. Results show job loss and savings draw down to pay for household bills had a significant relationship with both lower food security and greater numbers of poor mental health days during the pandemic.
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115
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Chen AYA, Sturm R. Diet quality in the US improved during the Great Recession and deteriorated during economic recovery. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:974-980. [PMID: 34954082 PMCID: PMC9038615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroeconomic changes are associated with population health outcomes, such as mortality, accidents, and alcohol use. Diet quality is a risk or protective factor that could be influenced by economic conditions. OBJECTIVE This study examined the trajectory of diet quality measured by the Healthy ] before, during, and after the 2008/2009 Great Recession. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The analytic sample included 48,679 adults who completed at least one dietary recall from NHANES 1999-2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diet quality was assessed with a 24-hour dietary recall to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total scores, a measure of the conformance with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Least squares regression was used to adjust for demographic changes across waves. RESULTS Diet quality improved noticeably during the Great Recession and deteriorated as economic conditions improved. CONCLUSIONS Deteriorating economic circumstances may constrain choices, but that does not necessarily imply a worsening of dietary quality. During the Great Recession, American diets became more consistent with Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations, possibly because of a shift towards food prepared at home instead of prepared food bought away from home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Yu-An Chen
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA; Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA.
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Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in 2775 Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the COMETA Multicenter Study. Glob Heart 2021; 16:73. [PMID: 34900564 PMCID: PMC8533660 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify associations of anxiety symptoms (AS) and depressive symptoms (DS) with other psychosocial and lifestyle risk factors in primary care patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: COMETA (Clinical-epidemiOlogical prograM of studying psychosocial risk factors in cardiological practice in patiEnts with arterial hyperTension and ischemic heArt disease) is a multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 30 big cities of Russia with two to five out-patient clinics per city randomly selected and two to five general practitioners (GPs) per an out-patient clinic. Each GP included 8–10 consecutive patients with AH and/or CHD. AS and DS were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: 325 GPs enrolled 2775 patients (mean age 66.7 years, 72% women) with AH (60.8%), CHD (2.6%), and AH plus CHD (36.6%). Moderate/severe (≥11 HADS) AS were found in 25.5% and DS in 16.3% patients. The strongest associations of AS and DS were revealed for high stress level (OR 5.79; 95% CI [4.18–8.03]), moderate stress level (OR 2.34; 95% CI [1.73–3.16]), low social support (OR 1.87; 95% CI [1.31–2.68]) and female gender (OR 1.78; 95% CI [1.41–2.25]). Low physical activity, unhealthy eating, unemployment and low income were also positively associated with both AS and DS (p < 0.003 for all). Conclusion: In out-patients with AH and CHD, AS and DS were strongly associated with higher levels of stress, low social support, unemployment, low family income and unhealthy lifestyle such as low physical activity, low fruit and vegetables intake and excessive salt consumption. Our findings indicate that patients with AH and CHD, who have anxiety and depressive symptoms need extra attention and monitoring in regard to stress and lifestyle risk factor control.
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117
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Farran N. Mental health in Lebanon: Tomorrow's silent epidemic. MENTAL HEALTH & PREVENTION 2021; 24:200218. [PMID: 34660191 PMCID: PMC8503814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2021.200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lebanon is a middle-income country that has been recently crippled by several tragedies including the economic collapse, COVID-19, and the fourth of August Beirut port explosion, the world's most powerful non-nuclear explosion of the twenty-first century. Recent data on mental health from Lebanon is summarised, and other topics such as the psychological impact of cumulative adversities and the role of international support in Lebanon are examined. Data from Lebanon shows severe levels of distress among the people, in a country with minimal resources. Given current adversities in Lebanon, recent data in the country, and the literature on adversity and mental health outcomes of man-made disasters, Lebanon is most likely going to face an epidemic in poor mental health. A call is made for the wider scientific community and international organizations to support the mental health field in the country and help prevent further negative mental health outcomes. Understanding how to better navigate mental health in places with extreme adversity and emergencies can be beneficial to other communities which might face similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Farran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience. King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AB, UK
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118
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Köhler-Dauner F, Buchheim A, Hildebrand K, Mayer I, Clemens V, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM. Maternal attachment representation, the risk of increased depressive symptoms and the influence on children's mental health during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 31:392-408. [PMID: 34803359 PMCID: PMC8595056 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The social distancing measures and the related closure of education institutions have confronted young families, in particular, with various challenges. Additional risk factors such as an insecure or even unresolved maternal attachment representation may affect mental health of mothers and their children in times of increased stress such as during the ongoing pandemic. We aimed to analyze the interplay between maternal attachment representation and mother's and children's mental health before and during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. 91 mothers completed a "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic survey" examining the pandemic-related stress of their families including their own depressive symptomology and their children's mental health. Our mediation analysis demonstrates that the mothers' depressive symptomology significantly and fully mediated the relationship between maternal attachment representations and children's mental health during the pandemic. In contrast, the indirect effect of the maternal attachment representation on children's mental health before the pandemic through the depressive symptoms experienced by the mothers before the pandemic did not reach significance alongside the total and direct effect. The quality of the maternal attachment representation, promoted by childhood maltreatment, seems to be one relevant risk factor for the mothers' and children's mental health during a stressful time like a pandemic. The risk for mothers to develop depressive symptoms in times of a pandemic is significantly influenced by their current representation of previous attachment experiences. In addition, the mental well-being of mothers showed a considerable influence on the children's mental health during a pandemic. The results underline the necessity to consider unique needs of family members and to offer specific support in the current crisis focusing on attachment issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Köhler-Dauner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52 f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katherina Hildebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Inka Mayer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm Medical University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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119
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Claes N, Smeding A, Carré A. Mental Health Inequalities During COVID-19 Outbreak: The Role of Financial Insecurity and Attentional Control. Psychol Belg 2021; 61:327-340. [PMID: 34824863 PMCID: PMC8588930 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns negatively impacted the mental health of populations. This impact is not equally distributed and increases existing mental health inequalities. Indeed, government restrictions and the economic consequences of the pandemic affect more the less educated and less wealthy people. However, psychological processes implicated in this increase of mental health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unexplored. The present study (N=591) tested the role of financial insecurity and attentional control in the relation between socioeconomic status and mental health, along with the influence of trait anxiety. Based on Structural Equation Modelling, findings showed a mediation effect of financial insecurity, but not of attentional control, in the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health. In addition, exploratory analyses suggested that financial insecurity also mediated the effect of attentional control on mental health. Results of the present research point at the importance of understanding psychological processes implicated in the effect of economic crises on mental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Claes
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LIP/PC2S, F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Annique Smeding
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LIP/PC2S, F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Arnaud Carré
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LIP/PC2S, F-73000, Chambéry, France
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120
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Cuschieri S, Mamo J. Taking care of the ordinary in extraordinary times-delayed routine care means more morbidity and pre-mature mortality. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:iv27-iv30. [PMID: 34751363 PMCID: PMC8576302 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with chronic diseases are more susceptible to its grave complications and negative outcomes if infected by COVID-19. Furthermore, mandatory isolation and cancellations of routine healthcare services led to the disruption of the screening and management plans for chronic diseases. Fear of attending health services as well as disruptions to public transport are other factors increasing health risks among persons with chronic conditions during the pandemic. Ensuring access to universal healthcare services, increasing use of digital services, targeted interventions to risk groups are examples of measures that need to be taken when reviewing health systems preparedness for future pandemics and other disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Julian Mamo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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121
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Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, Abbafati C, Adolph C, Amlag JO, Aravkin AY, Bang-Jensen BL, Bertolacci GJ, Bloom SS, Castellano R, Castro E, Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay J, Cogen RM, Collins JK, Dai X, Dangel WJ, Dapper C, Deen A, Erickson M, Ewald SB, Flaxman AD, Frostad JJ, Fullman N, Giles JR, Giref AZ, Guo G, He J, Helak M, Hulland EN, Idrisov B, Lindstrom A, Linebarger E, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Magistro B, Malta DC, Månsson JC, Marinho F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Naik P, Nomura S, O'Halloran JK, Ostroff SM, Pasovic M, Penberthy L, Reiner Jr RC, Reinke G, Ribeiro ALP, Sholokhov A, Sorensen RJD, Varavikova E, Vo AT, Walcott R, Watson S, Wiysonge CS, Zigler B, Hay SI, Vos T, Murray CJL, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2021; 398:1700-1712. [PMID: 34634250 PMCID: PMC8500697 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1966] [Impact Index Per Article: 655.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 2020, mental disorders were leading causes of the global health-related burden, with depressive and anxiety disorders being leading contributors to this burden. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an environment where many determinants of poor mental health are exacerbated. The need for up-to-date information on the mental health impacts of COVID-19 in a way that informs health system responses is imperative. In this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders globally in 2020. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of data reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and published between Jan 1, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, preprint servers, grey literature sources, and consulted experts. Eligible studies reported prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders that were representative of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a pre-pandemic baseline. We used the assembled data in a meta-regression to estimate change in the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders between pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic (using periods as defined by each study) via COVID-19 impact indicators (human mobility, daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, and daily excess mortality rate). We then used this model to estimate the change from pre-pandemic prevalence (estimated using Disease Modelling Meta-Regression version 2.1 [known as DisMod-MR 2.1]) by age, sex, and location. We used final prevalence estimates and disability weights to estimate years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. FINDINGS We identified 5683 unique data sources, of which 48 met inclusion criteria (46 studies met criteria for major depressive disorder and 27 for anxiety disorders). Two COVID-19 impact indicators, specifically daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and reductions in human mobility, were associated with increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (regression coefficient [B] 0·9 [95% uncertainty interval 0·1 to 1·8; p=0·029] for human mobility, 18·1 [7·9 to 28·3; p=0·0005] for daily SARS-CoV-2 infection) and anxiety disorders (0·9 [0·1 to 1·7; p=0·022] and 13·8 [10·7 to 17·0; p<0·0001]. Females were affected more by the pandemic than males (B 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders) and younger age groups were more affected than older age groups (-0·007 [-0·009 to -0·006; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, -0·003 [-0·005 to -0·002; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders). We estimated that the locations hit hardest by the pandemic in 2020, as measured with decreased human mobility and daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, had the greatest increases in prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. We estimated an additional 53·2 million (44·8 to 62·9) cases of major depressive disorder globally (an increase of 27·6% [25·1 to 30·3]) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such that the total prevalence was 3152·9 cases (2722·5 to 3654·5) per 100 000 population. We also estimated an additional 76·2 million (64·3 to 90·6) cases of anxiety disorders globally (an increase of 25·6% [23·2 to 28·0]), such that the total prevalence was 4802·4 cases (4108·2 to 5588·6) per 100 000 population. Altogether, major depressive disorder caused 49·4 million (33·6 to 68·7) DALYs and anxiety disorders caused 44·5 million (30·2 to 62·5) DALYs globally in 2020. INTERPRETATION This pandemic has created an increased urgency to strengthen mental health systems in most countries. Mitigation strategies could incorporate ways to promote mental wellbeing and target determinants of poor mental health and interventions to treat those with a mental disorder. Taking no action to address the burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders should not be an option. FUNDING Queensland Health, National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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122
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Bogucki OE, Mattson AB, Leasure WB, Berg SL, Mulholland HL, Sawchuk CN. Adaptations of an Integrated Behavioral Health Program During COVID-19. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021; 28:481-491. [PMID: 33776398 PMCID: PMC7983459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has consistently been described as an "unprecedented" global health crisis. While the focus has been primarily on the medical and economic impact of the pandemic, psychological sequelae are anticipated. Primary care is the main point of access for mental health care in the United States, making it the ideal locale to provide psychological services for a larger proportion of the population than traditional mental health care settings. The aim of this paper is to describe how our multi-state, multi-site integrated primary care program adapted and applied cognitive behavioral therapy in the context of COVID-19. Access to mental health care was disrupted despite burgeoning mental health concerns, necessitating novel approaches to providing care. A stepped-care approach was implemented within our primary care practice, which consisted of a combination of low-intensity, high-yield stress management and resiliency building resources and cognitive behavioral therapy that were delivered flexibly based on patient preference, technological capabilities, state ordinances, insurance coverage, and institutional policies. The lessons learned from this experience can inform other integrated primary care clinics in responding to the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Bogucki
- Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Angela B Mattson
- Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - William B Leasure
- Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Summer L Berg
- Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Craig N Sawchuk
- Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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123
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Damiano RF, Di Santi T, Beach S, Pan PM, Lucchetti AL, Smith FA, Forlenza OV, Fricchione GL, Miguel EC, Lucchetti G. Mental health interventions following COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review of current recommendations and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:665-678. [PMID: 33852690 PMCID: PMC8639008 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the most common mental health strategies aimed at alleviating and/or preventing mental health problems in individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other coronavirus pandemics. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature assessing three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO). A meta-analysis was performed with data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For non-RCT studies, a critical description of recommendations was performed. RESULTS From a total of 2,825 articles, 125 were included. Of those, three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the interventions promoted better overall mental health outcomes as compared to control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.87 [95%CI 0.33-1.41], p < 0.001, I2 = 69.2%), but did not specifically improve anxiety (SMD = 0.98 [95%CI -0.17 to 2.13], p > 0.05; I2 = 36.8%). Concerning the systematic review, we found a large body of scientific literature proposing recommendations involving psychological/psychiatric interventions, self-care, education, governmental programs, and the use of technology and media. CONCLUSIONS We found a large body of expert recommendations that may help health practitioners, institutional and governmental leaders, and the general population cope with mental health issues during a pandemic or a crisis period. However, most articles had a low level of evidence, stressing the need for more studies with better design (especially RCTs) investigating potential mental health interventions during COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020190212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo F. Damiano
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Di Santi
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L. Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Felicia A. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orestes V. Forlenza
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregory L. Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eurípedes C. Miguel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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De Leo D, Giannotti AV. Suicide in late life: A viewpoint. Prev Med 2021; 152:106735. [PMID: 34538377 PMCID: PMC8443431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Suicide in old age represents a sad public health concern. Despite the global decline in rates of suicide and the general amelioration of quality of life and access to health care for older adults, their rates of suicide remain the highest virtually in every part of the world. With the aging of the world population and the growing number of mononuclear families, the risk of an increase in isolation, loneliness and dependency does not appear ungrounded. The Covid-19 pandemic is claiming the life of many older persons and creating unprecedented conditions of distress, particularly for this segment of the population. This article briefly examines the main characteristics of suicidal behavior in late life, including observations deriving from the spread of the Sars-2 coronavirus and possible strategies for prevention.
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Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Bricolage on Job Security and Sustainable Economic Performance: An Empirical Study of Croatian Companies during COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the current socio-economic crisis, discovering an effective strategy for managing uncertainty and successful reallocation of resources became key to ensuring sustainable economic performance. More recent evidence pointed to the entrepreneurial leadership style as an effective means for engaging employees in a more proactive pursuit of organizational goals. This article introduces a novel approach to sustainable economic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic considering entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial bricolage, and job insecurity. The empirical study was performed on a sample of 410 employees from Croatian organizations working in different industries during the COVID outbreak. The study results reveal that entrepreneurial leadership positively impacts sustainable economic performance but does not lead to decreased job insecurity. Expectedly, job insecurity was found to have a negative effect on sustainable economic performance. The results confirmed a positive influence of entrepreneurial bricolage on sustainable economic performance, which is in line with existing literature. However, the moderating effect of entrepreneurial bricolage on the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and job insecurity was not significant. The findings suggest that companies can sustain their performance or even thrive under entrepreneurial leadership. The study lays the groundwork for further investigation on how entrepreneurial leaders can influence followers’ creative self-efficacy to decrease job uncertainty and prevent fear-induced hindrances, such as organizational deviance and turnover intention in the context of the pandemic.
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Menculini G, Tortorella A, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Luciano M, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Fiorillo A, Sampogna G. Access to Mental Health Care during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET Multicentric Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111413. [PMID: 34827412 PMCID: PMC8615495 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented public health emergency, with consequences at the political, social, and economic levels. Mental health services have been called to play a key role in facing the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population. In the period March-May 2020, an online survey was implemented as part of the Covid Mental Health Trial (COMET), a multicentric collaborative study carried out in Italy, one of the Western countries most severely hit by the pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the use of mental health resources during the first wave of the pandemic. The final sample consisted of 20,712 participants, mainly females (N = 14,712, 71%) with a mean age of 40.4 ± 14.3 years. Access to mental health services was reported in 7.7% of cases. Among those referred to mental health services, in 93.9% of cases (N = 1503 subjects) a psychological assessment was requested and in 15.7% of cases (N = 252) a psychiatric consultation. People reporting higher levels of perceived loneliness (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.056-1.101, p < 0.001), practicing smart-working (OR 1.122, 95% CI 0.980-1.285, p = 0.095), using avoidant (OR 1.586, 95% CI 1.458-1.725, p < 0.001) and approach (OR 1.215, 95% CI 1.138-1.299, p < 0.001) coping strategies more frequently accessed mental health services. On the other hand, having higher levels of perceived social support (OR 0.833, 95% CI 0.795-0.873, p < 0.001) was associated with a reduced probability to access mental health services. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new threat to the mental health and well-being of the general population, therefore specific strategies should be implemented to promote access to mental healthcare during the pandemic and afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-578-3194
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina—ASUGI, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
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Laban-Sharman A, Majumdar A. Self-Care practices for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK in adults. Ment Health (Lond) 2021. [DOI: 10.32437/mhgcj.v4i1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The National Health Service cannot chronically sustain the overwhelming demands being placed on it due to financial cuts, staff numbers and presence of Covid-19. As a result, anxiety levels are on the rise thus increasing the need for effective self-care behaviors.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comprehend and acknowledge the profound influence Covid-19 has had on anxiety levels and explore what behaviors people engage in to manage their perceived stress levels themselves.Methodology: This study was an exploratory mixed-methods design consisting of 110 self-referred adults aged 18-65 with anxiety completed an online survey guided by the “Harvard Anxiety and Depression Scale”. Data collected from the free-text questions were analyzed using the thematic analyses method to evoke the most relevant themes and generate an evidence-based narrative.Results and Discussion: Self-care behaviors used for anxiety self-management pre and during lockdown were walks, virtual family/social peer support, cooking and aerobic exercise. Additionally, it was apparent that a lack of ongoing family/social support was a key predictor for the proclivity of anxiety-inducing thoughts to be experienced. Interestingly, individuals who continually engaged in activity experienced positive mood states irrespective of the current lockdown environment.Conclusion: This study adds to novel literature on the current anxiety levels of adults living in the UK under the Covid-19 pandemic and what self-care behaviors people implement to self-manage their anxiety levels. This study stresses the significance of ongoing peer support as a self-care behavior that can act as a positive meditator for healthy cognitive processes to ensue. Therefore, future self-care programs advocating this strategy may, if not prevent, slow down the rising cases of anxiety and ill mental health due to the uncertain environment of Covid-19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) was elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, but the relationships of SPD during the pandemic with pre-pandemic SPD, pre-pandemic socioeconomic status, and pandemic-related social stressors remain unexamined. METHODS A probability-based sample (N = 1751) of the US population age 20 and over was followed prospectively from February 2019 (T1), with subsequent interviews in May 2020 (T2) and August 2020 (T3). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess prospective relationships between T1 SPD with experiences of disruption of employment, health care, and childcare at T2. Binary logistic regression was then used to assess relationships of T1 SPD, and socioeconomic status and T2 pandemic-related stressors with T3 SPD. RESULTS At T1, SPD was associated with age, race/ethnicity, and household income. SPD at T1 predicted disruption of employment (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4-3.8) and health care (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.1) at T2. SPD at T1 (OR 10.2, 95% CI 4.5-23.3), low household income at T1 (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.4), disruption of employment at T2 (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.6), and disruption of healthcare at T2 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.2) were all significantly associated with elevated risk for SPD at T3. CONCLUSIONS Elevated risk for SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic is related to multiple psychological and social pathways that are likely to interact over the life course. Policies and interventions that target individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions as well as those experiencing persistent unemployment should be high priorities in the mental health response to the pandemic.
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Long-Term Impact of Economic Downturn and Loneliness on Psychological Distress: Triple Crises of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194596. [PMID: 34640614 PMCID: PMC8509467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 crisis poses global mental health and global economy challenges. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating whether financial instability and social disruption may increase the risk of developing mental health problems over time that may potentially outlast the pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online survey for members of the general population (n = 2703) in Germany during the twelve months spanning from April 2020 to March 2021. We investigated the development of COVID-19 related psychological distress, the number of unemployed people, federal government debt, income distribution, and loneliness over the time period. Results: Over a period of twelve months, 53.6% of respondents in Germany reported experiencing psychological distress, varying from mild levels, 34.2%, to severe levels, 19.4%, of distress. High federal government debt, high incident COVID-19 cases, low incomes, and the prevalence of loneliness were found to be associated with increased long-term mental health problems. Psychological distress scores were most strongly increased in female and young respondents as well as those who reported fewer years of education, low income, and higher loneliness. Conclusions: Our study highlights factors that have a long-term impact on mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that specific mental-health services could be offered to support high-risk groups experiencing financial fragility and loneliness. For purposes of safeguarding their mental health there is a need to monitor and track such risk factors in real time.
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130
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Minhas M, Belisario K, Gonzalez-Roz A, Halladay J, Morris V, Keough M, Murphy J, MacKillop J. Is talk cheap? Correspondence between self-attributions about changes in drinking and longitudinal changes in drinking during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2560-2568. [PMID: 34590313 PMCID: PMC8653375 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background There are concerns that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic may increase drinking, but most accounts to date are cross‐sectional studies of self‐attributions about alcohol‐related impacts and the accuracy of those perceptions has not been investigated. The current study examined the correspondence between self‐attributions of pandemic‐related changes in drinking and longitudinally‐measured changes in drinking and alcohol‐related consequences in a sample of emerging adults. Methods In an existing ongoing longitudinal study on alcohol misuse (≥1 heavy episodic drinking day/month) in emerging adults, 473 individuals (Mage = 23.8; 41.7% male) received a supplemental assessment from June 17th to July 1st, 2020, during public health restrictions in Ontario, Canada. These intrapandemic data were matched to the most recent assessment prior to the pandemic (~8 months earlier). Self‐attributions about changes in drinking were assessed globally (i.e., increases/decreases/no change) and with higher resolution questions clarifying the magnitude of changes. Results Global self‐attributions about changes in drinking substantively paralleled longitudinal changes in weekly drinking days (DD). In the longitudinal data, individuals’ who self‐reported increases in drinking exhibited significant increases; individuals’ who self‐reported decreases exhibited significant decreases; and individuals who self‐reported no change exhibited nonsignificant changes. Higher resolution items likewise revealed longitudinal patterns of weekly drinking that were substantively consistent with self‐attributions. Heavy DD and alcohol‐related consequences exhibited similar patterns, but only individuals who self‐reported large increases in drinking exhibited increases on these outcomes. Individuals who reported large increases in drinking also exhibited significant increases in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusions Self‐attributions about drinking closely corresponded to longitudinal changes in drinking, supporting the validity of self‐attributions in population‐level surveys, particularly in young adults. Notably, a subgroup was identified that exhibited pronounced increases for all alcohol‐related outcomes and concurrent increases in internalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla Belisario
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Roz
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology/IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain
| | - Jillian Halladay
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Morris
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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131
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Latoo J, Haddad PM, Mistry M, Wadoo O, Islam SMS, Jan F, Iqbal Y, Howseman T, Riley D, Alabdulla M. The COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to make mental health a higher public health priority. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e172. [PMID: 34538286 PMCID: PMC8458855 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first recognised in December 2019. The subsequent pandemic has caused 4.3 million deaths and affected the lives of billions. It has increased psychosocial risk factors for mental illness including fear, social isolation and financial insecurity and is likely to lead to an economic recession. COVID-19 is associated with a high rate of neuropsychiatric sequelae. The long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health remain uncertain but could be marked, with some predicting an increased demand for psychiatric services for years to come. COVID-19 has turned a spotlight on mental health for politicians, policy makers and the public and provides an opportunity to make mental health a higher public health priority. We review longstanding reasons for prioritising mental health and the urgency brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight strategies to improve mental health and reduce the psychiatric fallout of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Latoo
- Hamad Medical Corporation and College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter M Haddad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; and Manchester University, UK
| | - Minal Mistry
- Department of Psychiatry, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ovais Wadoo
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Middle East Division of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- National Health and Medical Research Council and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Farida Jan
- Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northampton, UK
| | | | - Tom Howseman
- St Luke's Primary Care Centre, Northamptonshire, UK
| | - David Riley
- Department of Palliative Care, Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northampton, UK
| | - Majid Alabdulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, and College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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132
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Lioupi C, Loumakou M, Sarafidou GO. Predictors of excessive internet use among adolescents in Greece after the economic recession: The role of psychopathology, parental rearing practices, self-efficacy and internet-related activities. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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133
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Pulido J, Hoyos J, Martínez-Ruiz V, Sordo L, Fernández-Navarro P, Barrio G, Regidor E. Long-term impact of the 2008 economic crisis in Spain on road traffic collisions mortality by socioeconomic position. Health Place 2021; 71:102666. [PMID: 34507036 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effect of the 2008 crisis on road traffic collision (RTC) mortality in Spain, by socioeconomic position (SEP) and type of road use. This prospective, country-wide study covered all adults living in Spain and aged ≥30 years in November 2001. The long-term effect of the crisis was assessed by measuring the monthly percentage change (MPC) in RTC mortality between the pre-crisis (2002-2007) and crisis period (2008-2011). During the recession, RTC mortality fell more in people with low compared to high SEP, so MPCs difference between periods were of a higher magnitude in the low compared to high SEP groups, especially among men motorcyclists. RTC mortality trends were favorable following the 2008 crisis, particularly among low-SEP groups. In men motorcyclists, the upward trend of the pre-crisis period reversed course.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pulido
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Hoyos
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Martínez-Ruiz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. de La Investigación 11. 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - L Sordo
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Navarro
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Sinesio Delgado, 4. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Barrio
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Sinesio Delgado, 4. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Regidor
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, S/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Del Profesor Martín Lagos. 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Gunadi C, Ryu H. Does the rise of robotic technology make people healthier? HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:2047-2062. [PMID: 34046963 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Technological advancements bring changes to our life, altering our behaviors as well as our role in the economy. In this paper, we examine the potential effect of the rise of robotic technology on health. Using the variation in the initial distribution of industrial employment in US cities and the difference in robot adoption across industries over time to predict robot exposure at the local labor market, we find evidence that higher penetration of industrial robots in the local economy is positively related to the health of the low-skilled population. A 10% increase in robots per 1000 workers is associated with an approximately 10% reduction in the share of low-skilled individuals reporting poor health. Further analysis suggests that the reallocation of tasks partly explains this finding. A 10% increase in robots per 1000 workers is associated with an approximately 1.5% reduction in physical tasks supplied by low-skilled workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gunadi
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hanbyul Ryu
- Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), College of Business and Economics, Ansan-si, South Korea
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135
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Heimann T, Berthold O, Clemens V, Witt A, Fegert JM. Child Abuse and Neglect and the Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Families: A Series of Cases Consulted at the German Medical Child Protection Hotline. CHILD ABUSE REVIEW (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND : 1992) 2021; 30:485-492. [PMID: 34898860 PMCID: PMC8652951 DOI: 10.1002/car.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased stress and decreased resources during a lockdown and social distancing can augment the risk for child abuse and neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic.Health practitioners should continue to be prepared for potentially rising numbers of cases of child abuse and neglect.Child protection services and mental health care should be considered essential and be available for adults and children at all times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heimann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Oliver Berthold
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Andreas Witt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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136
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Gagné T, Schoon I, Sacker A. Trends in young adults' mental distress and its association with employment: Evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1993-2019. Prev Med 2021; 150:106691. [PMID: 34146576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Few have examined how employment is linked to trends in mental health among young adults across economic contexts in more recent years. To better understand the burden of non-employment and mental distress in this age group, this study examines the association of short-term (<1 year) and long-term (1+ year) out-of-work status with mental health across three recessions among young men and women ages 18-34. We report sex-stratified estimates of frequent mental distress (FMD), out-of-work status, and their association through adjusted prevalence ratios across 27 cycles of the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1993-2019). We found that FMD increased by 112% in men and 120% in women between 1993 and 2019, with 55% (men) and 44% (women) of this increase occurring between 2016 and 2019. Short-term (PR men = 1.53, 95%CI 1.46-1.61; PR women = 1.34, 95%CI 1.29-1.40) and long-term (PR men = 1.61, 95%CI 1.51-1.71; PR women = 1.28, 95%CI 1.22-1.34) out-of-work status were each associated with a higher risk of FMD during this period. The magnitude of associations between long-term out-of-work status and FMD significantly varied across cycles, and was strongest after the 1991 recession in men and the 2008 recession in women. Whereas employment represents an important determinant of mental health among young adults, particularly during economic downturns, it did not suffice to explain the rise in mental distress in this age group in more recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gagné
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom; International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Ingrid Schoon
- Department of Social Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Sacker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom; International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, United Kingdom
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137
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Seo HR, Jung HS, Jung DS, Choi JW, Jo SH. Acute Impact of the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak on Behavioral Patterns and Emotional States of Pediatric Psychiatric Patients and Caregivers in Daegu, South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:913-922. [PMID: 34517447 PMCID: PMC8473852 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the changes in interpersonal relationships, behavioral patterns, and emotional states of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers immediately after the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, South Korea. METHODS A total of 147 patients and 147 caregivers participated in the Survey for Outing and Time Usage for Child, Adolescent, and Parents and the COVID-19 Visual Analog Scale for Emotion. We classified the patients and their caregivers into the internalizing disorder (ID) and externalizing disorder (ED) groups and compared the changes. RESULTS Parent-child relationships for adolescent patients and caregivers were interrupted, and friend relationships in all participants were disrupted, while sibling relationships improved in adolescent patients. They experienced negative emotional changes. Time spent outdoor decreased and digital screen time increased for all participants. Friend and parent-child relationships were interrupted in the ED group compared to those in the ID group. ED patients experienced negative changes in emotional states, while ID patients showed no significant changes. CONCLUSION Results are meaningful as a reference for predicting changes in interpersonal relationships and mental status of pediatric psychiatric patients and for determining healthcare system adaptations to allow mental health support during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Seo
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hye Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Frawley T, van Gelderen F, Somanadhan S, Coveney K, Phelan A, Lynam-Loane P, De Brún A. The impact of COVID-19 on health systems, mental health and the potential for nursing. Ir J Psychol Med 2021; 38:220-226. [PMID: 32933594 PMCID: PMC7596574 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers a perspective on nursing and lived experience responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. It charts health systems and mental health impacts with a particular focus on children and adolescents, older people and people availing of mental health services. Issues of moral distress and the nursing reaction are considered alongside psychological and social concerns which continue to rapidly evolve. The perspective of a person attending adult community mental health services and the experience of engaging with a mental health service remotely is provided. Matters of note for acute inpatient mental health nursing are highlighted and informed by the lived experience of a mental health nurse. The need for integrated health systems responses across nursing disciplines and the wider interdisciplinary team is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Frawley
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F. van Gelderen
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S. Somanadhan
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. Coveney
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. Phelan
- TCD School of Nursing and Midwifery, 24 D’Olier Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P. Lynam-Loane
- Dublin North City Mental Health Services, Phoenix Care Centre, Grangegorman, Dublin
| | - A. De Brún
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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139
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Samridhi B, Lavina S. Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Well-Being of Employees: A Study of Mental Wellness of Employees during COVID-19 in India. CARDIOMETRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2021.19.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which also induced an economic downturn globally,has forced the organizations to suddenly implement remoteworking, creating many challenges for the employees. The fastspread of the virus may also create fear among the employees.It can have a detrimental impact on the mental well-being ofemployees. There exists inadequate research on this subject,which is not only new but also very important. The study aimsto assess the impact of a sudden transition to remote working,economic downturn, and the fear of virus transmission on themental well-being of employees in India, focusing on the triggersof anxiety & mental illness. The impact of anxiety-causingindependent factors, including organizational support, worklifebalance, isolation, fear of the virus, and recession, on mentalwell-being, was determined through a survey. The dependentfactor, i.e., the severity of anxiety, was measured using GAD-7questions. The independent factors were measured throughstructured questions. Statistical analysis of the data was carriedout on SPSS. There were no significant differences in genderbetween severities of anxiety. Logistic regression revealed thatOrganizational Support significantly influenced the anxiety ofemployees. It was found that there exists a significant associationbetween the severity of anxiety in Employee AssistanceProgram, Job Insecurity, Financial Impact, and Fear of gettingthe virus, Concern over Safety at Workplace, Home Environmentand Deterioration in team collaboration.
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140
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Westrupp EM, Macdonald J, Evans S. Developmental gains and losses during parenthood. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 43:295-299. [PMID: 34509970 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The onset of parenthood irrevocably changes the landscape of adults' functioning, amplifying the potential for parents' experiences of both developmental losses and gains/growth, in context of increased responsibilities and more limited access to environmental resources/supports. In this article, we draw on dual theoretical lenses to integrate the frameworks of Baltes' lifespan development theory of gains and loss and Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. We summarize empirical evidence in relation to a normative transition, exemplified by the transition to parenthood, and a non-normative event, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and show that parents' experiences of developmental loss and gains/growth are inextricably linked. Our findings illustrate how parents' losses/gains are influenced by a broad range of individual and environmental factors, with implications for parent prevention/intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Westrupp
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jacqui Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Subhadra Evans
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
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141
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COVID-19-Related Financial Hardship, Job Loss, and Mental Health Symptoms: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Agrarian Community in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168647. [PMID: 34444394 PMCID: PMC8395012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several countries, including India, imposed mandatory social distancing, quarantine, and lockdowns to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although these measures were effective in curbing the spread of the virus, prolonged social distancing, quarantine, and the resultant economic disruption led to an increase in financial stress and mental health concerns. Prior studies established a link between the first lockdown and an increase in mental health issues. However, few studies investigated the association between post-lockdown financial hardship, job loss, and mental health. In this study, we examined the association between COVID-19-related financial hardship, job loss, and mental health symptoms approximately nine months after the end of the first nationwide lockdown in India. Job loss was associated with higher reporting of mental health symptoms among men (aIRR = 1.16) while financial hardship was associated with poor mental health symptoms among women (aIRR = 1.29). Conversely, social support and government aid were associated with better mental health symptoms among women. Our findings highlight the need for financial assistance and job creation programs to aid families in the recovery process. There is also an urgent need for improving the availability and affordability of mental health services in rural areas.
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142
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Zamorano González B, Peña Cárdenas F, Pinto-Cortez C, Narváez YV, Martínez JIV, Ramos LAR. Unemployment and mental health in a community population from a border city in Mexico. Work 2021; 69:957-967. [PMID: 34219690 PMCID: PMC8385510 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant changes in the global economy generate instability in the markets, favoring the closing of companies, dismissals of personnel, job losses. Unemployment has been associated with adverse psychological effects, serving as a predictor of poor mental health. OBJECTIVE The main goal was to analyze the relation between work status and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with a sample of community population, inhabitants of the urban area of a Mexican city. The sample consisted of 1351 participants, being 577 men (43%) and 774 women (57%) with an average age of 41.46 (SD = 17.00). The participants were selected by a quota sampling, in 13 representative points of Matamoros' city urban area. Home surveys were applied; the Spanish version of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used for mental health assessment. RESULTS The model explaining the relation between work status and mental health (GFI) was significant (p < 0.01). Unemployment was related to higher scores in all sub-scales of psychopathologies evaluated by the SCL-90, in comparison with the rest of work status categories. CONCLUSIONS The unemployed, followed by housewives, presented indicators of poorer mental health, while the retired and those in strikes or lockouts showed the best mental health indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc A Ruíz Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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143
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Sampaio ML, Bispo Júnior JP. Towards comprehensive mental health care: experiences and challenges of psychosocial care in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1352. [PMID: 34238266 PMCID: PMC8268580 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recommendations are in place for mental health (MH) care to be developed into a comprehensive, people-centred perspective and organised primarily through community services. In recent decades, Brazil has promoted psychiatric reform aimed at transforming the hospital-centred model into a psychosocial model of MH. However, current political and economic changes threaten this reform. This article analyses the comprehensive MH care offered by a Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial – RAPS) in Brazil. Methods The study involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 33 stakeholders (policymakers, health professionals, and MH service users) and direct observation of MH services members of the RAPS. Data were analysed using framework analysis with the following dimensions: mental health services access, long-term mental health care, comprehensive mental health care, and crisis patient care. Results Results indicated progression towards comprehensive MH care provision. We identified MH care provided primarily by community services, featuring an ‘open door’ policy, development of localised actions and a search for autonomy. Deinstitutionalisation principles and the psychosocial model support a comprehensive view of MH by policy makers, MH professionals, and users. However, difficulties in providing comprehensive care remain, with the main challenges being insufficient services offered and difficulties in user access at all levels of care, fragile integration between services, lack of clear definitions of the responsibilities of each service, discontinuity of care, limitations in family support, and fragility in crisis patient care. Conclusion We highlight the need to increase funding and services of RAPS, qualification of staff professional, family support, and development of strategies for integrating services. Support and expansion of MH care depend on strengthening the Brazilian health system, which is in danger of being dismantled. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11397-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariá Lanzotti Sampaio
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - José Patrício Bispo Júnior
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
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144
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Cherrie M, Curtis S, Baranyi G, Cunningham N, Dibben C, Bambra C, Pearce J. A data linkage study of the effects of the Great Recession and austerity on antidepressant prescription usage. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:297-303. [PMID: 33550373 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International literature shows unemployment and income loss during the Great Recession worsened population mental health. This individual-level longitudinal study examines how regional economic trends and austerity related to depression using administrative prescription data for a large and representative population sample. METHODS Records from a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (N=86 500) were linked to monthly primary care antidepressant prescriptions (2009-15). Regional economic trends were characterized by annual full-time employment data (2004-14). Economic impact of austerity was measured via annual income lost per working age adult due to welfare reforms (2010-15). Sequence analysis identified new cases of antidepressant use, and group-based trajectory modelling classified regions into similar economic trajectories. Multi-level logistic regression examined relationships between regional economic trends and new antidepressant prescriptions. Structural equation mediation analysis assessed the contributory role of welfare reforms. RESULTS Employed individuals living in regions not recovering post-recession had the highest risk of beginning a new course of antidepressants (AOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08-1.38). Individuals living in areas with better recovery trajectories had the lowest risk. Mediation analyses showed that 50% (95% CI 7-61%) of this association was explained by the impact of welfare benefit reforms on average incomes. CONCLUSIONS Following the Great Recession, local labour market decline and austerity measures were associated with growing antidepressant usage, increasing regional inequalities in mental health. The study evidences the impact of austerity on health inequalities and suggests that economic conditions and welfare policies impact on population health. Reducing the burden of mental ill-health primarily requires action on the social determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cherrie
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Curtis
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niall Cunningham
- School of Geography Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,ESRC Administrative Data Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Newcastle, UK
| | - Clare Bambra
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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145
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Bang YR, Park SC, Jang OJ, Kim JH, Kim EO, Kim SH, Park JH. Lifestyle Changes that Impact Personal Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:701-707. [PMID: 34340279 PMCID: PMC8328828 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated which factors in psychological changes positively or negatively affect the quality of life to suggest desirable directions in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Online survey was conducted with 1,011 adults more than 19 years old in Busan, South Korea. Quality of life was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Questions regarding the psychological changes were about COVID-19-related concerns, distress in complying with quarantine guidelines, and interest in seeking something to do alone. RESULTS Quality of life was perceived to be below average (mean±SD, 2.86±0.53). The more economic worries there were, the lower the quality of life in psychological, social relationships and environmental domains. The more distress one experienced when maintaining their personal hygiene, the higher the quality of life related to their physical health. Likewise, the more difficult it was to maintain social distances, the higher the quality of life associated with psychological and social relationships. The more interested someone was in how to spend time alone, the higher the quality of life in all domains significantly. CONCLUSION We can minimize the negative impacts of COVID-19 by maintaining economic stability, maintaining prosocial behaviors related to personal hygiene and making good use of personal time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rong Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kim
- Busan Regional Mental Health Welfare Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Kim
- Busan Regional Mental Health Welfare Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Busan Regional Mental Health Welfare Center, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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146
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Kim SJ, Lee S, Han H, Jung J, Yang SJ, Shin Y. Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e184. [PMID: 34184439 PMCID: PMC8239422 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is different from previous disasters in that it continues to the present and has affected all aspects of family life. During epidemics, psychosocial support is not less important than infection control. During COVID-19-related school closures, prolonged partial closures of schools could have detrimental social and health consequences for children and may increase the burden on the family. Based on a community sample in Korea, this study identified parental concerns, children's media usage, other various factors and examined whether parental stress level or depression were positively associated with problem behaviors, media exposure, and sleep problems of the primary school children during school closure under COVID-19. METHODS Participants were 217 parents residing in Suwon, South Korea, who had primary school children and responded to a web-based questionnaire on parental concerns from school closure under COVID-19, subjective stress, depression, whether having received mental health services, and family characteristics; children's sleep patterns, problem behaviors, media usage during the online-only class period, and changes in activity level following the pandemic. RESULTS During school closure, children gained body weight, spent less time in physical activities and more in media usage. Besides online learning content (97.2%), YouTube was highly used content (87.6%), and games followed (78.3%). Parental subjective stress index was highly associated with parental depression (Pearson correlation 0.439, P < 0.001), children's sleep problems (0.283, P < 0.001), tablet time (0.171, P = 0.012) and behavior problems (0.413, P < 0.001). Parental depression was associated with children's sleep problems (0.355, P < 0.001), TV time (0.153, P = 0.024), tablet time (0.159, P = 0.019), and behavior problems (0.524, P < 0.001). Parents who previously received mental services seemed to be more concerned about the problems their children already have getting worse because of COVID-19 than the disease itself. Children's sleep problem was associated with tablet (0.172, P = 0.011) and smartphone time (0.298, P < 0.001), but not its frequency. CONCLUSION During COVID-19-related school closures, many parents and children had various difficulties relating to mental health. Ongoing monitoring of mental health of high-risk groups and multiple support systems may need to be expanded to cover those parents having difficulty in caring for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyojin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaeoh Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Yang
- Institute of Future Convergence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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147
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Jónsdóttir U, Þórðardóttir EB, Aspelund T, Jónmundsson Þ, Einarsdóttir K. The effect of the 2008 recession on well-being and employment status of people with and without mental health problems. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:761-766. [PMID: 31800030 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world was hit hard by the 2008 recession which led to increased unemployment and financial strain. However, how the recession affected people with pre-existing mental health problems has been understudied. This study investigates the effect of the 2008 recession in Iceland on stress, well-being and employment status of people with regard to whether they are suffering from mental health problems. METHODS The study cohort included participants (18-69 years old) of the 'Health and Wellbeing of Icelanders', a 3-wave survey conducted before (in 2007) and after (in 2009 and 2012) the recession in 2008. Self-assessed well-being was measured with the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the 2008 recession on self-assessed well-being and employment status in 2009 and 2012, using 2007 as a reference year. RESULTS Participants with no pre-recession mental health problems were at increased risk of both poor well-being, (with adjusted odds ratio at 1.66, in 2009 and 1.64 in 2012) and higher perceived stress, (with adjusted odds ratio at 1.48 in 2009 and 1.53 in 2012), after the recession. Interestingly, no significant change in well-being and perceived stress was observed among participants suffering from pre-recession mental health problems. Both groups had increased risk of unemployment after the recession. CONCLUSION Results indicate that after recessions, the risk of stress and poor well-being increases only among those who do not suffer from pre-recession mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur Jónsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edda Björk Þórðardóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Þórarinn Jónmundsson
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjana Einarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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148
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Köhler-Dauner F, Clemens V, Lange S, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM. Mothers' daily perceived stress influences their children's mental health during SARS-CoV-2-pandemic-an online survey. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:31. [PMID: 34134733 PMCID: PMC8208071 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current situation caused by the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic is associated with serious losses for everyone and has been affecting social life, politics, the economy and the media worldwide. Preventive isolation and social distancing strategies have confronted families with a large number of different challenges. The current epidemic and quarantine restrictions have a verifiable influence on the emotional and social development of children and adolescents. During this ongoing situation children of parents, who already were mentally stressed, seem particularly at risk. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the role of maternal daily perceived stress on children's mental health during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. METHODS An online "SARS-CoV-2-pandemic survey" was developed to assess children's mental health since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To describe maternal perceived everyday stress, data from a longitudinal survey was utilized. Our survey includes elements and versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. We furthermore collected socio-demographic data. Due to our limited dependent variables we applied Tobit models for estimation. RESULTS We found a positive and significant effect of the maternal perceived everyday stress on children's emotional problems during the pandemic. Furthermore, results provide empirical evidence for an increase of the children's hyperactivity level dependent on the mother's perceived stress before the SARS-COV-2 crisis. We could not find significant effects for the relationship between mother's perceived everyday stress and the children's behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS Analyses illustrate the effects on children's mental distress during everyday life in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Future research needs to identify influencing factors with regard to political, economic and social restrictions, in order to prevent children's mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Köhler-Dauner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lange
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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149
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Urzeala C, Duclos M, Chris Ugbolue U, Bota A, Berthon M, Kulik K, Thivel D, Bagheri R, Gu Y, Baker JS, Andant N, Pereira B, Rouffiac K, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. COVID-19 lockdown consequences on body mass index and perceived fragility related to physical activity: A worldwide cohort study. Health Expect 2021; 25:522-531. [PMID: 34105876 PMCID: PMC8239498 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper is a follow‐up study continuing the COVISTRESS network previous research regarding health‐related determinants. Objective The aim was to identify the main consequences of COVID‐19 lockdown on Body MassIndex and Perceived Fragility, related to Physical Activity (PA), for different categories of populations, worldwide. Design The study design included an online survey, during the first wave of COVID‐19 lockdown, across different world regions. Setting and participants The research was carried out on 10 121 participants from 67 countries. The recruitment of participants was achieved using snowball sampling techniques via social networks, with no exclusion criteria other than social media access. Main outcome measures Body MassIndex, Physical Activity, Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected items were analysed. SPSS software, v20, was used. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Body MassIndex significantly increased during lockdown. For youth and young adults (18‐35 years), PA decreased by 31.25%, for adults (36‐65 years) by 26.05% and for the elderly (over 65 years) by 30.27%. There was a high level of Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected for female participants and the elderly. Correlations between BMI, Perceived Fragility and PA were identified. Discussion and Conclusions The research results extend and confirm evidence that the elderly are more likely to be at risk, by experiencing weight gain, physical inactivity and enhanced Perceived Fragility. As a consequence, populations need to counteract the constraints imposed by the lockdown by being physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanta Urzeala
- Sports and Motor Performance Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Exploration, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aura Bota
- Department of Teaching Staff Training, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mickael Berthon
- LaPSCo, Catech, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Keri Kulik
- Health and Physical Education Program, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Nicolas Andant
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Rouffiac
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, LaPSCo, CNRS, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, LaPSCo, CNRS, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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de Almondes KM, Bizarro L, Miyazaki MCOS, Soares MRZ, Peuker AC, Teodoro M, Modesto JG, Veraksa AN, Singh P, Han B, Sodi T. Comparative Analysis of Psychology Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic in Brics Nations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:567585. [PMID: 34149490 PMCID: PMC8210845 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.567585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRICS Forum, an independent international organization encouraging commercial, political, and cultural cooperation between Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, was formed in 2011, and these countries have a significant influence on their regional affairs. These nations were hit by COVID-19 at different times, and all adopted home quarantine to reduce the spread of the virus. We present a comparative analysis of actions of psychology and potential outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in BRICS nations regarding five aspects: psychology in health policies, social roles of psychology, socioeconomic context, actions for the general population, and health professionals during stage 1 of the pandemic, and possible actions in stage 2. Various types of actions were taken by psychologists in BRICS, with different levels of coordinated cooperation with respective governmental and non-governmental organizations, multiple and parallel efforts from different scientific societies, and professional regulatory agencies. Scientific societies have had an important role in coordinating some of these efforts, especially because they congregate the psychologists from different parts of these countries, improving communication and access to key information. The aim of these actions varies from improving situational skills and competences to increase the accessibility of psychological services and provide psychoeducation and telepsychology. We will consider the social importance of these actions within these countries as a global opportunity for psychology to stage in a complex context involving human health. The way psychology in BRICS will face this challenging situation is likely to produce important regional influence, stimulate scientific contribution, and increase the accessibility of psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rita Zoéga Soares
- Department of General Psychology and Behavior Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Maycoln Teodoro
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Modesto
- State University of Goiás (UEG) and University Center of Brasília (UniCEUB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Aleksander N. Veraksa
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education and Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Purnima Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Buxin Han
- CAS Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Tholene Sodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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