101
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Abstract
Health and lifespan disparities between sexes are dependent on the immune responses. Men and women have different life styles which determine the environment, nutritional requirements and their interactions with the sex hormones. Sexual dimorphism in innate and adaptive immunity determines responses to infections and other environmental factors regulating health and diseases. Sex hormones regulate immune responses through the expression of receptors which differ for female and male hormones. Estrogen receptors are expressed in brain, lymphoid tissue cells and many immune cells while androgen receptors are limited in expression. Genetic, epigenetic factors and X chromosome linked immune function genes are important in enhanced adaptive immunity in females, leading to production of higher levels of antibodies compared to males. Different nutritional requirements and hormonal control of the mucosal microbiome and its function regulate mucosal immunity. Hormonal changes during various aspects of life and during aging control immune senescence. Evolutionarily, females have an advantage during young age when they are protected from infections by heightened immune reactivity though during aging that can lead to pathologies. Considering the sexual dimorphism in immunity, guidelines need to be established for sex-based treatments for optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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102
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Metwally E, Chughtai MI, Mazhar MU, Khan SA. Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1-10. [PMID: 33997325 PMCID: PMC8110851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The gut lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products and structural components, which are derived through the gut microbiota, generate a signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota is not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates in the regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, which are localized in the gut, allow for the metabolization of steroid hormones through the stimulation of different enzymes. Reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and testosterone play a pivotal role in the successful completion of reproductive events. Disruption in this mechanism may lead to reproductive disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect the metabolism, and degrade steroid hormones and their relevant compounds. This behavior of the bacteria can safely be implemented to eliminate steroidal compounds from a polluted environment. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of steroid hormones on the regulation of gut microbiota and vice-versa, and also examined the significant influence this process has on various events of reproductive function. Altogether, the evidence suggests that steroid hormones and gut microbiota exert a central role in the modification of host bacterial action and impact the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad A Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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103
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:554078. [PMID: 33692752 PMCID: PMC7939072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.
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104
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Fang C, Wu L, Zhu C, Xie WZ, Hu H, Zeng XT. A potential therapeutic strategy for prostatic disease by targeting the oral microbiome. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1812-1834. [PMID: 33377531 PMCID: PMC8246803 DOI: 10.1002/med.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, human microbiome research is rapidly growing and emerging evidence has witnessed the critical role that oral microbiome plays in the process of human health and disease. Oral microbial dysbiosis has been confirmed as a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the oral cavity to the gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and even nervous system. As research progressing, oral microbiome‐based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which may represent potential drug targets in systemic diseases. Recent studies have uncovered the possible association between periodontal disease and prostatic disease, suggesting new prevention and therapeutic treatment for the disease by targeting periodontal pathogens. Thus, we performed this review to first explore the association between the oral microbiome and prostatic disease, according to current knowledge based on published articles, and then mainly focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the potential prevention and treatment derived from these mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng University Health Science Center, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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105
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Wylensek D, Hitch TCA, Riedel T, Afrizal A, Kumar N, Wortmann E, Liu T, Devendran S, Lesker TR, Hernández SB, Heine V, Buhl EM, M D'Agostino P, Cumbo F, Fischöder T, Wyschkon M, Looft T, Parreira VR, Abt B, Doden HL, Ly L, Alves JMP, Reichlin M, Flisikowski K, Suarez LN, Neumann AP, Suen G, de Wouters T, Rohn S, Lagkouvardos I, Allen-Vercoe E, Spröer C, Bunk B, Taverne-Thiele AJ, Giesbers M, Wells JM, Neuhaus K, Schnieke A, Cava F, Segata N, Elling L, Strowig T, Ridlon JM, Gulder TAM, Overmann J, Clavel T. A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6389. [PMID: 33319778 PMCID: PMC7738495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the gut microbiota of pigs is still scarce, despite the importance of these animals for biomedical research and agriculture. Here, we present a collection of cultured bacteria from the pig gut, including 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. We provide taxonomic descriptions for 22 novel species and 16 genera. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal prevalent and pig-specific species within Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, and several new genera described in this study. Potentially interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a fucosyltransferase encoded in the genome of the novel species Clostridium porci, and prevalent gene clusters for biosynthesis of sactipeptide-like peptides. Many strains deconjugate primary bile acids in in vitro assays, and a Clostridium scindens strain produces secondary bile acids via dehydroxylation. In addition, cells of the novel species Bullifex porci are coccoidal or spherical under the culture conditions tested, in contrast with the usual helical shape of other members of the family Spirochaetaceae. The strain collection, called ‘Pig intestinal bacterial collection’ (PiBAC), is publicly available at www.dsmz.de/pibac and opens new avenues for functional studies of the pig gut microbiota. The authors present a public collection of 117 bacterial isolates from the pig gut, including the description of 38 novel taxa. Interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a new fucosyltransferease and sactipeptide-like molecules encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wylensek
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas C A Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Afrizal Afrizal
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Esther Wortmann
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tianzhe Liu
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara B Hernández
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul M D'Agostino
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Thomas Fischöder
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marzena Wyschkon
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Torey Looft
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Birte Abt
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heidi L Doden
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey Ly
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - João M P Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Weihenstephan School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Laura Navarro Suarez
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anthony P Neumann
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Food Technolgy and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center of Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anja J Taverne-Thiele
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Giesbers
- Electron Microscopy Center, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Weihenstephan School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Felipe Cava
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tobias A M Gulder
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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106
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Aguilera M, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A. Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:578007. [PMID: 33329442 PMCID: PMC7733930 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.578007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous steroid hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) interact with gut microbiota through different pathways. We suggest the use of the term "endobolome" when referring to the group of gut microbiota genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and EDC. States of dysbiosis and reduced diversity of the gut microbiota may impact and modify the endobolome resulting at long-term in the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. The endobolome might play a central role in the gut microbiota as seen by the amount of potentially endobolome-mediated diseases and thereby it can be considered an useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for future functional research strategies that envisage the use of next generation of probiotics. In addition, we propose that EDC and other xenobiotics that alter the gut microbial composition and its metabolic capacities should be categorized into a subgroup termed "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC). This will help to distinguish the role of contaminants from other microbiota natural modifiers such as those contained or released from diet, environment, physical activity and stress. These MDC might have the ability to promote specific changes in the microbiota that can ultimately result in common intestinal and chronic or long-term systemic diseases in the host. The risk of developing certain disorders associated with gut microbiota changes should be established by determining both the effects of the MDC on gut microbiota and the impact of microbiota changes on chemicals metabolism and host susceptibility. In any case, further animal controlled experiments, clinical trials and large epidemiological studies are required in order to establish the concatenated impact of the MDC-microbiota-host health axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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107
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Harada N, Minami Y, Hanada K, Hanaoka R, Kobayashi Y, Izawa T, Sato T, Kato S, Inui H, Yamaji R. Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1817719. [PMID: 32991827 PMCID: PMC7781658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1817719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen action generates sex-related differences that include changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hypoandrogenism and hyperandrogenism in males and females, respectively, are associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. Our recent work showed that male androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice developed high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent sarcopenic abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis, leading to early death. The ARKO mice also exhibited alterations in intestinal microbiota but did not experience metabolic abnormalities when administered with antibiotics. Here, we show that time-dependent changes in feed efficiency (ratio of body weight gain to food intake) and weight of dried feces-to-food ratio could be good markers for changes in gut microbiota. Turicibacter spp., Lactobacillus spp., and L. reuteri increased in the gut in both HFD-fed ARKO and castrated mice having metabolic abnormalities. HFD-fed ARKO mice showed increased plasma levels of aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase. Changes in the gut microbiome appear to provoke androgen deficiency-induced metabolic diseases, leading to early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan,CONTACT Naoki Harada Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Yukari Minami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hanada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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108
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Alterations in the Blood Parameters and Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites during Pregnant and Lactating Stages in Bama Mini Pigs as a Model. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8829072. [PMID: 33162832 PMCID: PMC7607286 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8829072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze plasma reproductive hormone and biochemical parameter changes, as well as fecal microbiota composition and metabolites in sows, at different pregnancy and lactation stages, using Bama mini pig as an experimental animal model. We found that plasma prolactin (PRL), progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrogen levels decreased from day 45 to day 105 of pregnancy. Plasma total protein and albumin levels were lower in pregnant sows, while glucose, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as fecal acetate, butyrate, valerate, total short-chain fatty acids, skatole, and tyramine levels, were higher in lactating sows. Interestingly, the lactating sows showed lower α-diversity and Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia relative abundances, while pregnant sows showed a higher Proteobacteria relative abundance. Notably, the Akkermansia relative abundance was highest on day 7 of lactation. Spearman analysis showed a positive correlation between plasma triglyceride and cholinesterase levels and Akkermansia and Streptococcus relative abundances. Moreover, Oscillospira and Desulfovibrio relative abundances were also positively correlated with plasma FSH, LH, and E2 levels, as well as PRL and LH with Bacteroides. Collectively, plasma reproductive hormones, biochemical parameters, and fecal microbiota composition and metabolite levels could alter along with pregnancy and lactation, which might contribute to the growth and development demands of fetuses and newborns.
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109
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Gut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:717-731. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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110
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Roussel C, De Paepe K, Galia W, De Bodt J, Chalancon S, Leriche F, Ballet N, Denis S, Alric M, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Spatial and temporal modulation of enterotoxigenic E. coli H10407 pathogenesis and interplay with microbiota in human gut models. BMC Biol 2020; 18:141. [PMID: 33054775 PMCID: PMC7559199 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) substantially contributes to the burden of diarrheal illnesses in developing countries. With the use of complementary in vitro models of the human digestive environment, TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1), and Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (M-SHIME), we provided the first detailed report on the spatial-temporal modulation of ETEC H10407 survival, virulence, and its interplay with gut microbiota. These systems integrate the main physicochemical parameters of the human upper digestion (TIM-1) and simulate the ileum vs ascending colon microbial communities and luminal vs mucosal microenvironments, captured from six fecal donors (M-SHIME). RESULTS A loss of ETEC viability was noticed upon gastric digestion, while a growth renewal was found at the end of jejunal and ileal digestion. The remarkable ETEC mucosal attachment helped to maintain luminal concentrations above 6 log10 mL-1 in the ileum and ascending colon up to 5 days post-infection. Seven ETEC virulence genes were monitored. Most of them were switched on in the stomach and switched off in the TIM-1 ileal effluents and in a late post-infectious stage in the M-SHIME ascending colon. No heat-labile enterotoxin production was measured in the stomach in contrast to the ileum and ascending colon. Using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing, ETEC infection modulated the microbial community structure of the ileum mucus and ascending colon lumen. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a better understanding of the interplay between ETEC and gastrointestinal cues and may serve to complete knowledge on ETEC pathogenesis and inspire novel prophylactic strategies for diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Roussel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wessam Galia
- UMR 5557 Microbial Ecology, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France
| | - Jana De Bodt
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nathalie Ballet
- Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monique Alric
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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111
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Yan W, Hamid N, Deng S, Jia PP, Pei DS. Individual and combined toxicogenetic effects of microplastics and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) perturb gut microbiota homeostasis and gonadal development in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122795. [PMID: 32388101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, microplastics (MPs) attracted increased attention for their ubiquity and toxic properties. In this study, marine medaka was used to explore the individual and combined toxicity of heavy metals (HMs) and MPs on intestinal bacteria and gonadal development. After exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs and HMs, significant alterations of intestinal microbiota were found. The MPs treatment reduced the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota, while the HMs and MPs-HMs treatments increased them, which were confirmed by the abundance changes of Proteobacteria. According to the KEGG analysis, the metabolism and environmental information processing (EIP) pathways in the microbial community were significantly affected. This study showed that the MPs-HMs treatment caused a higher pollution load on the gut of the marine medaka, and triggered more significant changes of specific bacterial species and gut function in the males. However, during the gonadal development, HMs and MPs-HMs treatments resulted in empty follicles (EF) and follicular atresia (FA), and altered the gene expression levels related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In short, this study demonstrated that the reproductive disturbance was mainly due to HMs, but the combination of MPs and HMs did not strengthen the risk to the gonad development of the marine medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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112
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Diviccaro S, Giatti S, Borgo F, Falvo E, Caruso D, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Steroidogenic machinery in the adult rat colon. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105732. [PMID: 32777355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal function is known to be regulated by steroid molecules produced by the gonads, the adrenal glands and the gut microbiota. However, we have a limited knowledge on the functional significance of local steroid production by gastrointestinal tract tissue. On this basis, we have here evaluated, as a first methodological approach, the expression of steroidogenic molecules and the local levels of key steroids in the male rat colon. Our findings indicate that the colon tissue expresses molecules involved in the early steps of steroidogenesis and in the consecutive synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, such as progesterone, testosterone and 17β-estradiol. In addition, the levels of the steroid hormone precursor pregnenolone and the levels of active metabolites of progesterone and testosterone, such as dihydroprogesterone, tetrahydroprogesterone, dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol, were higher in colon than in plasma. Higher levels of the androgen metabolite 3α-diol were detected in the colon in comparison with another non-classical steroidogenic tissue, such as the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest the existence of local steroid synthesis and metabolism in the colon, with the production of active steroid metabolites that may impact on the activity of the enteric nervous system and on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Borgo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - E Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,.
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113
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Park JI, Kim TY, Oh B, Cho H, Kim JE, Yoo SH, Lee JP, Kim YS, Chun J, Kim BS, Lee H. Comparative analysis of the tonsillar microbiota in IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16206. [PMID: 33004860 PMCID: PMC7530979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) involves repeated events of gross haematuria with concurrent upper airway infections. The mucosal immune system, especially the tonsil, is considered the initial site of inflammation, although the role of the tonsillar microbiota has not been established in IgAN. In this study, we compared the tonsillar microbiota of patients with IgAN (n = 21) and other glomerular diseases (n = 36) as well as, healthy controls (n = 23) from three medical centres in Korea. The microbiota was analysed from tonsil swabs using the Illumina MiSeq system based on 16S rRNA gene. Tonsillar bacterial diversity was higher in IgAN than in other glomerular diseases, although it did not differ from that of healthy controls. Principal coordinates analysis revealed differences between the tonsillar microbiota of IgAN and both healthy and disease controls. The proportions of Rahnella, Ruminococcus_g2, and Clostridium_g21 were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in healthy controls (corrected p < 0.05). The relative abundances of several taxa were correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, haemoglobin, and serum albumin levels. Based on our findings, tonsillar microbiota may be associated with clinical features and possible immunologic pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji In Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Illumina, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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114
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, Burokas A, Maldonado R, Fernández-Real JM. Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:136. [PMID: 32951609 PMCID: PMC7504665 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the gonadal steroid status. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiome composition and functionality in relation to sex, menopausal status, and circulating sex steroids. RESULTS No significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices among pre- and post-menopausal women and men, but beta diversity differed among groups. The gut microbiota from post-menopausal women was more similar to men than to pre-menopausal women. Metagenome functional analyses revealed no significant differences between post-menopausal women and men. Gonadal steroids were specifically associated with these differences. Hence, the gut microbiota of pre-menopausal women was more enriched in genes from the steroid biosynthesis and degradation pathways, with the former having the strongest fold change among all associated pathways. Microbial steroid pathways also had significant associations with the plasma levels of testosterone and progesterone. In addition, a specific microbiome signature was able to predict the circulating testosterone levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. In addition, this microbiome signature could be transmitted from humans to antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted male mice, being able to predict donor's testosterone levels 4 weeks later, implying that the microbiota profile of the recipient mouse was influenced by the donor's gender. Finally, obesity eliminated most of the differences observed among non-obese pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women, and men in the gut microbiota composition (Bray-Curtis and weighted unifrac beta diversity), functionality, and the gonadal steroid status. CONCLUSIONS The present findings evidence clear differences in the gut microbial composition and functionality between men and women, which is eliminated by both menopausal and obesity status. We also reveal a tight link between the gut microbiota composition and the circulating levels of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Luque-Córdoba
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERfes Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERfes Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UVEG), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Hospital of Girona "Dr JosepTrueta", Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), University of Girona, Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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115
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Zhu Y, Luo J, Yang Z, Miao Y. High-throughput sequencing analysis of differences in intestinal microflora between ulcerative colitis patients with different glucocorticoid response types. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1197-1206. [PMID: 32844358 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations reported that the imbalance of intestinal microflora may be the initiation and promotion factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Glucocorticoid is a very important class of regulatory molecules in the body. The response of different individuals to glucocorticoids can be divided into glucocorticoid sensitive, glucocorticoid resistance and glucocorticoid dependence. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the differences in intestinal microflora composition and related metabolic pathways in UC patients with these three different glucocorticoid response types. METHODS The whole genomic DNA was extracted from fecal specimens. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fecal 16S rRNA genome of UC patients with different glucocorticoid response types, and functional prediction was performed by PICRUSTs software. RESULTS The results showed that the intestinal microflora of the three groups were mainly composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Although the species abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora in UC patients differed little among the three groups, the composition of intestinal microflora showed significant heterogeneity, which directly led to differences in the function of intestinal microbiota of UC patients with different glucocorticoid responses. Furthermore, of the 240 pathways, "PANTO-PWY: phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I", "COA-PWY-1: coenzyme A biosynthesis II (mammalian)" and "PWY-4242: pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis III" were significantly different in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that UC patients with different glucocorticoids response types have different bacterial compositions and functions, which lays a foundation for further study of glucocorticoid resistance in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.
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116
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Coombes Z, Yadav V, E. McCoubrey L, Freire C, W. Basit A, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Progestogens Are Metabolized by the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Colonic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080760. [PMID: 32806503 PMCID: PMC7464400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, the bioavailability of progestogens is very low and highly variable, in part due to metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes found in the mucosa of the small intestine. Conversely, the mucosa in the colon contains much lower levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes, thus, colonic delivery of progestogens may be beneficial. Microbiota in the colon are known to metabolize a great number of drugs, therefore, it is important to understand the stability of these hormones in the presence of colonic flora before developing formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of three progestogens: progesterone, and its two synthetic analogues, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG), in the presence of human colonic microbiota. Progesterone, MPA, and LNG were incubated in mixed fecal inoculum (simulated human colonic fluid) under anerobic conditions. Progesterone was completely degraded after 2 h, whereas levels of MPA and LNG were still detectable after 24 h. The half-lives of progesterone, MPA, and LNG in fecal inoculum were 28, 644, and 240 min, respectively. This study describes the kinetics of colonic microbial metabolism of these hormones for the first time. MPA and LNG show promise for delivery to the colon, potentially improving pharmacokinetics over current oral delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coombes
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Laura E. McCoubrey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Freire
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Kuecept Limited, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 1TL, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
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117
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Mohammadi SO, Yadegar A, Kargar M, Mirjalali H, Kafilzadeh F. The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut microbiota-endocrine system axis; modulation of metabolic hormone levels and energy homeostasis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1855-1861. [PMID: 33553045 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is involved in the development and preservation of the immune system, energy homeostasis and nutritional status of the host. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host cells modulates host physiology and metabolism through different mechanisms. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to reside in the gastric mucosa, induce inflammation, and alter both gastric and intestinal microbiota resulting in a broad spectrum of diseases, in particular metabolic syndrome-related disorders. Infection with H. pylori have been shown to affect production level and physiological regulation of the gut metabolic hormones such as ghrelin and leptin which are involved in food intake, energy expenditure and body mass. In this study, we reviewed and discussed data from the literature and follow-up investigations that links H. pylori infection to alterations of the gut microbiota and metabolic hormone levels, which can exert broad influences on host metabolism, energy homeostasis, behavior, appetite, growth, reproduction and immunity. Also, we discussed the strong potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an innovative and promising investigational treatment option for homeostasis of metabolic hormone levels to overcome H. pylori-associated metabolic syndrome-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Kafilzadeh
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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118
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Abstract
Vertebrates synthesize a diverse set of steroids and bile acids that undergo bacterial biotransformations. The endocrine literature has principally focused on the biochemistry and molecular biology of host synthesis and tissue-specific metabolism of steroids. Host-associated microbiota possess a coevolved set of steroid and bile acid modifying enzymes that match the majority of host peripheral biotransformations in addition to unique capabilities. The set of host-associated microbial genes encoding enzymes involved in steroid transformations is known as the sterolbiome. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the sterolbiome as well as its importance in medicine and agriculture.
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119
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de Bono JS, Guo C, Gurel B, De Marzo AM, Sfanos KS, Mani RS, Gil J, Drake CG, Alimonti A. Prostate carcinogenesis: inflammatory storms. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:455-469. [PMID: 32546840 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Intra-prostatic inflammation is a risk factor for prostate carcinogenesis, with diet, chemical injury and an altered microbiome being causally implicated. Intra-prostatic inflammatory cell recruitment and expansion can ultimately promote DNA double-strand breaks and androgen receptor activation in prostate epithelial cells. The activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype fuels further 'inflammatory storms', with free radicals leading to further DNA damage. This drives the overexpression of DNA repair and tumour suppressor genes, rendering these genes susceptible to mutagenic insults, with carcinogenesis accelerated by germline DNA repair gene defects. We provide updates on recent advances in elucidating prostate carcinogenesis and explore novel therapeutic and prevention strategies harnessing these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Karen S Sfanos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ram S Mani
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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120
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Eghleilib M, Eghlileb A, Al-Alem I, Sriwi D, Elshaer AK. Peculiar Skin Rash After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e920728. [PMID: 32669532 PMCID: PMC7377524 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.920728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Due to its increasing incidence and the difficulty in reducing its morbidity and mortality using nonsurgical methods, the demand for bariatric surgery has risen in recent times. Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most common types of bariatric surgery, and like any other surgery, it carries a series of risks. CASE REPORT Although complications such as gastrointestinal leaks are widely reported, there is limited literature available on cutaneous complications. Here, we report 4 cases of patients showing a peculiar skin rash 2-4 weeks following sleeve gastrectomy. We also discuss some of the mechanisms that may underlie this correlation. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for further epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence of this rash. Further studies are also needed to determine the exact etiology of this rash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eghleilib
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Eghlileb
- Department of Dermatology, Habib Medical Group, Sweidi Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihasan Al-Alem
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Sriwi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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An Investigation of the Effect of Catecholamines and Glucocorticoids on the Growth and Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070555. [PMID: 32664224 PMCID: PMC7400237 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are major causes of foodborne illness globally, and are mostly transmitted through the consumption and handling of poultry. Campylobacter infections have widely variable outcomes, ranging from mild enteritis to severe illness, which are attributed to host interactions and the virulence of the infecting strain. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of host stress on the growth and pathogenicity of C. jejuni, three strains associated with human infection and two strains from broilers were subject to growth, motility, adhesion and invasion assays, in response to exposure to catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine and the glucocorticoid neuroendocrine hormones corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone which are associated with stress in humans and broilers. Catecholamines resulted in significantly increased growth, adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells. Corticosterone promoted growth in one of five strains, and cortisone resulted in a significant increase in motility in two out of five strains, while no significant differences were observed with the addition of cortisol. It was concluded that stress-associated hormones, especially catecholamines, may promote growth and virulence in Campylobacter.
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Javdan B, Lopez JG, Chankhamjon P, Lee YCJ, Hull R, Wu Q, Wang X, Chatterjee S, Donia MS. Personalized Mapping of Drug Metabolism by the Human Gut Microbiome. Cell 2020; 181:1661-1679.e22. [PMID: 32526207 PMCID: PMC8591631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome harbors hundreds of bacterial species with diverse biochemical capabilities. Dozens of drugs have been shown to be metabolized by single isolates from the gut microbiome, but the extent of this phenomenon is rarely explored in the context of microbial communities. Here, we develop a quantitative experimental framework for mapping the ability of the human gut microbiome to metabolize small molecule drugs: Microbiome-Derived Metabolism (MDM)-Screen. Included are a batch culturing system for sustained growth of subject-specific gut microbial communities, an ex vivo drug metabolism screen, and targeted and untargeted functional metagenomic screens to identify microbiome-encoded genes responsible for specific metabolic events. Our framework identifies novel drug-microbiome interactions that vary between individuals and demonstrates how the gut microbiome might be used in drug development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Javdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Ying-Chiang J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Raphaella Hull
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Qihao Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Seema Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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124
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Williams CL, Garcia-Reyero N, Martyniuk CJ, Tubbs CW, Bisesi JH. Regulation of endocrine systems by the microbiome: Perspectives from comparative animal models. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113437. [PMID: 32061639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome regulates endocrine systems and influences many aspects of hormone signaling. Using examples from different animal taxa, we highlight the state of the science in microbiome research as it relates to endocrinology and endocrine disruption research. Using a comparative approach discussing fish, birds, and mammals, we demonstrate the bidirectional interaction between microbiota and hormone systems, presenting concepts that include (1) gastrointestinal microbiome regulation of the neuroendocrine feeding axis; (2) stress hormones and microbial communities; (3) the role of site-specific microbiota in animal reproduction; (4) microbiome effects on the neuroendocrine systems and behavior; and (5) novel mechanisms of endocrine disruption through the microbiome. This mini-review demonstrates that hormones can directly affect the richness and diversity of microbiota and conversely, microbiota can influence hormone production and mediate their functions in animals. In addition, microbiota can influence the action of a diverse range of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the central nervous system, which can lead to behavioral disruptions. As many animals have species-specific reproductive behaviors, it is important to understand how shifts in the microbiota relate to these complex interactions between sexes. This is especially important for captive animals on specialized diets, and there are significant implications for microbiome research in conservation and reproductive biology. For example, microbial metabolites may modify motility of gametes or modulate hormone-receptor interactions in reproductive tissues. Thus, efforts to incorporate metabolomics into the science of microbiome-endocrine relationships, both those produced by the host and those generated from microbial metabolism, are increasingly needed. These concepts have fostered an exciting emerging era in comparative endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace L Williams
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher W Tubbs
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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125
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Ridlon JM, Devendran S, Alves JM, Doden H, Wolf PG, Pereira GV, Ly L, Volland A, Takei H, Nittono H, Murai T, Kurosawa T, Chlipala GE, Green SJ, Hernandez AG, Fields CJ, Wright CL, Kakiyama G, Cann I, Kashyap P, McCracken V, Gaskins HR. The ' in vivo lifestyle' of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria: comparative genomics, metatranscriptomic, and bile acid metabolomics analysis of a defined microbial community in gnotobiotic mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:381-404. [PMID: 31177942 PMCID: PMC7524365 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1618173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of secondary bile acids by gut microbes is a current topic of considerable biomedical interest. However, a detailed understanding of the biology of anaerobic bacteria in the genus Clostridium that are capable of generating secondary bile acids is lacking. We therefore sought to determine the transcriptional responses of two prominent secondary bile acid producing bacteria, Clostridium hylemonae and Clostridium hiranonis to bile salts (in vitro) and the cecal environment of gnotobiotic mice. The genomes of C. hylemonae DSM 15053 and C. hiranonis DSM 13275 were closed, and found to encode 3,647 genes (3,584 protein-coding) and 2,363 predicted genes (of which 2,239 are protein-coding), respectively, and 1,035 orthologs were shared between C. hylemonae and C. hiranonis. RNA-Seq analysis was performed in growth medium alone, and in the presence of cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Growth with CA resulted in differential expression (>0.58 log2FC; FDR < 0.05) of 197 genes in C. hiranonis and 118 genes in C. hylemonae. The bile acid-inducible operons (bai) from each organism were highly upregulated in the presence of CA but not DCA. We then colonized germ-free mice with human gut bacterial isolates capable of metabolizing taurine-conjugated bile acids. This consortium included bile salt hydrolase-expressing Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492, Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482, Parabacteroides distasonis DSM 20701, as well as taurine-respiring Bilophila wadsworthia DSM 11045, and deoxycholic/lithocholic acid generating Clostridium hylemonae DSM 15053 and Clostridium hiranonis DSM 13275. Butyrate and iso-bile acid-forming Blautia producta ATCC 27340 was also included. The Bacteroidetes made up 84.71% of 16S rDNA cecal reads, B. wadsworthia, constituted 14.7%, and the clostridia made up <.75% of 16S rDNA cecal reads. Bile acid metabolomics of the cecum, serum, and liver indicate that the synthetic community were capable of functional bile salt deconjugation, oxidation/isomerization, and 7α-dehydroxylation of bile acids. Cecal metatranscriptome analysis revealed expression of genes involved in metabolism of taurine-conjugated bile acids. The in vivo transcriptomes of C. hylemonae and C. hiranonis suggest fermentation of simple sugars and utilization of amino acids glycine and proline as electron acceptors. Genes predicted to be involved in trimethylamine (TMA) formation were also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,CONTACT Jason M. Ridlon, Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - João Mp Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidi Doden
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patricia G. Wolf
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel V. Pereira
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey Ly
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa Volland
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Kurosawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - George E. Chlipala
- UIC Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J. Green
- UIC Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Fields
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christy L. Wright
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Isaac Cann
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vance McCracken
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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126
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Ly LK, Rowles JL, Paul HM, Alves JMP, Yemm C, Wolf PM, Devendran S, Hudson ME, Morris DJ, Erdman JW, Ridlon JM. Bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase is a taxonomically rare enzymatic pathway that converts prednisone to 1,4-androstanediene-3,11,17-trione, a metabolite that causes proliferation of prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105567. [PMID: 31870912 PMCID: PMC7333170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal gland has traditionally been viewed as a source of "weak androgens"; however, emerging evidence indicates 11-oxy-androgens of adrenal origin are metabolized in peripheral tissues to potent androgens. Also emerging is the role of gut bacteria in the conversion of C21 glucocorticoids to 11-oxygenated C19 androgens. Clostridium scindens ATCC 35,704 is a gut microbe capable of converting cortisol into 11-oxy-androgens by cleaving the side-chain. The desA and desB genes encode steroid-17,20-desmolase. Our prior study indicated that the urinary tract bacterium, Propionimicrobium lymphophilum ACS-093-V-SCH5 encodes desAB and converts cortisol to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione. We wanted to determine how widespread this function occurs in the human microbiome. Phylogenetic and sequence similarity network analyses indicated that the steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway is taxonomically rare and located in gut and urogenital microbiomes. Two microbes from each of these niches, C. scindens and Propionimicrobium lymphophilum, respectively, were screened for activity against endogenous (cortisol, cortisone, and allotetrahydrocortisol) and exogenous (prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and 9-fluorocortisol) glucocorticoids. LC/MS analysis showed that both microbes were able to side-chain cleave all glucocorticoids, forming 11-oxy-androgens. Pure recombinant DesAB from C. scindens showed the highest activity against prednisone, a commonly prescribed glucocorticoid. In addition, 0.1 nM 1,4-androstadiene-3,11,17-trione, bacterial side-chain cleavage product of prednisone, showed significant proliferation relative to vehicle in androgen-dependent growth LNCaP prostate cancer cells after 24 h (2.3 fold; P < 0.01) and 72 h (1.6 fold; P < 0.01). Taken together, DesAB-expressing microbes may be an overlooked source of androgens in the body, potentially contributing to various disease states, such as prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Ly
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hans Müller Paul
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - João M P Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camdon Yemm
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patricia M Wolf
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David J Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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127
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Diviccaro S, Melcangi RC, Giatti S. Post-finasteride syndrome: An emerging clinical problem. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 12:100209. [PMID: 32435662 PMCID: PMC7231981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of side effects during pharmacological treatment is unfortunately a quite common problem. In this review, we focused our attention on adverse events related to 5 alpha-reductase (5α-R) inhibitors (i.e., finasteride and dutasteride), approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Although these drugs are generally well tolerated, many reports described adverse effects in men during treatment, such as sexual dysfunction and mood alteration. In addition, it has been also reported that persistent side effects may occur in some AGA patients. This condition, termed post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) is characterized by sexual side effects (i.e., low libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased arousal and difficulty in achieving orgasm), depression, anxiety and cognitive complaints that are still present despite drug withdrawal. Indeed, some national agencies (e.g., Swedish Medical Products Agency, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency of UK and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) required to include multiple persistent side effects within the finasteride labels. As here reported, these observations are mainly based on self-reporting of the symptomatology by the patients and few clinical studies have been performed so far. In addition, molecular mechanisms and/or genetic determinants behind such adverse effects have been poorly explored both in patients and animal models. Therefore, results here discussed indicate that PFS is an emerging clinical problem that needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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128
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Retroconversion of estrogens into androgens by bacteria via a cobalamin-mediated methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:1395-1403. [PMID: 31848239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914380117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid estrogens modulate physiology and development of vertebrates. Conversion of C19 androgens into C18 estrogens is thought to be an irreversible reaction. Here, we report a denitrifying Denitratisoma sp. strain DHT3 capable of catabolizing estrogens or androgens anaerobically. Strain DHT3 genome contains a polycistronic gene cluster, emtABCD, differentially transcribed under estrogen-fed conditions and predicted to encode a cobalamin-dependent methyltransferase system conserved among estrogen-utilizing anaerobes; an emtA-disrupted DHT3 derivative could catabolize androgens but not estrogens. These data, along with the observed androgen production in estrogen-fed strain DHT3 cultures, suggested the occurrence of a cobalamin-dependent estrogen methylation to form androgens. Consistently, the estrogen conversion into androgens in strain DHT3 cell extracts requires methylcobalamin and is inhibited by propyl iodide, a specific inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent enzymes. The identification of the cobalamin-dependent estrogen methylation thus represents an unprecedented metabolic link between cobalamin and steroid metabolism and suggests that retroconversion of estrogens into androgens occurs in the biosphere.
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129
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Schiffer L, Barnard L, Baranowski ES, Gilligan LC, Taylor AE, Arlt W, Shackleton CHL, Storbeck KH. Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: A comprehensive review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105439. [PMID: 31362062 PMCID: PMC6857441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in technology have allowed for the sensitive, specific, and simultaneous quantitative profiling of steroid precursors, bioactive steroids and inactive metabolites, facilitating comprehensive characterization of the serum and urine steroid metabolomes. The quantification of steroid panels is therefore gaining favor over quantification of single marker metabolites in the clinical and research laboratories. However, although the biochemical pathways for the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones are now well defined, a gulf still exists between this knowledge and its application to the measured steroid profiles. In this review, we present an overview of steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism by the liver and peripheral tissues, specifically highlighting the pathways linking and differentiating the serum and urine steroid metabolomes. A brief overview of the methodology used in steroid profiling is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schiffer
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lise Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Baranowski
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorna C Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust & University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cedric H L Shackleton
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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130
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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131
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Sha S, Ni L, Stefil M, Dixon M, Mouraviev V. The human gastrointestinal microbiota and prostate cancer development and treatment. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 61:S43-S50. [PMID: 32055753 PMCID: PMC7004837 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.s1.s43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiome contains commensal bacteria and other microbiota that have been gaining increasing attention in the context of cancer development and response to treatment. Microbiota play a role in the maintenance of host barrier surfaces that contribute to both local inflammation and other systemic metabolic functions. In the context of prostate cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiome may play a role through metabolism of estrogen, an increase of which has been linked to the induction of prostatic neoplasia. Specific microbiota such as Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bacteroides massiliensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectalie, and Mycoplasma genitalium have been associated with differing risks of prostate cancer development or extensiveness of prostate cancer disease. In this Review, we discuss gastrointestinal microbiota's effects on prostate cancer development, the ability of the microbiome to regulate chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment, and the importance of using Next Generation Sequencing to further discern the microbiome's systemic influence on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybil Sha
- Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Liqiang Ni
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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132
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Benavidez KM, Iruri‐Tucker A, Steiniche T, Wasserman MD. Primate microbial endocrinology: An uncharted frontier. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23053. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec Iruri‐Tucker
- Department of AnthropologyIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal BehaviorIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
| | - Tessa Steiniche
- Department of AnthropologyIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
| | - Michael D. Wasserman
- Department of AnthropologyIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal BehaviorIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
- Human Biology ProgramIndiana UniversityBloomington Indiana
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133
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Aarnoutse R, Ziemons J, Penders J, Rensen SS, de Vos-Geelen J, Smidt ML. The Clinical Link between Human Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4145. [PMID: 31450659 PMCID: PMC6747354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical interest in the human intestinal microbiota has increased considerably. However, an overview of clinical studies investigating the link between the human intestinal microbiota and systemic cancer therapy is lacking. This systematic review summarizes all clinical studies describing the association between baseline intestinal microbiota and systemic cancer therapy outcome as well as therapy-related changes in intestinal microbiota composition. A systematic literature search was performed and provided 23 articles. There were strong indications for a close association between the intestinal microbiota and outcome of immunotherapy. Furthermore, the development of chemotherapy-induced infectious complications seemed to be associated with the baseline microbiota profile. Both chemotherapy and immunotherapy induced drastic changes in gut microbiota composition with possible consequences for treatment efficacy. Evidence in the field of hormonal therapy was very limited. Large heterogeneity concerning study design, study population, and methods used for analysis limited comparability and generalization of results. For the future, longitudinal studies investigating the predictive ability of baseline intestinal microbiota concerning treatment outcome and complications as well as the potential use of microbiota-modulating strategies in cancer patients are required. More knowledge in this field is likely to be of clinical benefit since modulation of the microbiota might support cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Aarnoutse
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine Ziemons
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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134
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Li L, Rao S, Cheng Y, Zhuo X, Deng C, Xu N, Zhang H, Yang L. Microbial osteoporosis: The interplay between the gut microbiota and bones via host metabolism and immunity. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00810. [PMID: 31001921 PMCID: PMC6692530 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between intestinal microbiota and host is a novel field in recent years. A large number of studies are being conducted on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and bone metabolism. Bone metabolism consisted of bone absorption and formation exists in the whole process of human growth and development. The nutrient components, inflammatory factors, and hormone environment play important roles in bone metabolism. Recently, intestinal microbiota has been found to influence bone metabolism via influencing the host metabolism, immune function, and hormone secretion. Here, we searched relevant literature on Pubmed and reviewed the effect of intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism through the three aspects, which may provide new ideas and targets for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical SciencesCUHKShatin, N.THong Kong SARChina
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuo
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Caihong Deng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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135
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The Sex-Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071637. [PMID: 31319627 PMCID: PMC6682902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical research with high scientific rigor. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.
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137
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He M, Gao J, Wu J, Zhou Y, Fu H, Ke S, Yang H, Chen C, Huang L. Host Gender and Androgen Levels Regulate Gut Bacterial Taxa in Pigs Leading to Sex-Biased Serum Metabolite Profiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 31275280 PMCID: PMC6591444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota regulates host metabolism and immunity. The phylogenetic composition of gut microbiota is influenced by diverse factors that include host gender. In this study, the effects of gender on gut microbial composition and its subsequent influence on serum metabolites in pigs were evaluated. The bacterial composition of feces samples was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 293 pure-bred Duroc pigs (108 gilts and 185 entire boars) and 64 validated pigs from an eight-breed mosaic F6 population. Twenty-eight F6 boars were castrated at 80 days of age to evaluate the effects of androgen on gut microbial composition. Untargeted serum metabolite features were determined in 45 boars and 26 gilts by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The study observed an obvious influence of host gender on the gut microbial composition and identified numerous sex-biased bacterial taxa. These included Veillonellaceae, Roseburia, Bulleidia, and Escherichia which showed the higher abundance in boars, and Treponema and Bacteroides which were over-represented in gilts. Castration significantly shifted the fecal microbiota composition of the boars toward that of gilts. The predicted functional pathways of the gut microbiome related to obesity and energy harvest were enriched in gilts, and positively associated with gilt-enriched bacteria. Functional pathways related to peptidases and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in boars and positively associated with boar-enriched bacteria. Serum metabolites related to androgen and cresol metabolism were identified as sex-biased metabolites. Correlation analysis between serum metabolites and sex-biased bacteria identified that the serum concentration of androgen-related metabolites was positively correlated with Bulleidia and Escherichia, but negatively associated with Treponema, suggesting a significant interaction between gut microbiota and host sex hormone metabolism. These results offer basic knowledge of how host gender and gut microbiota influence host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanlin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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138
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Doden HL, Pollet RM, Mythen SM, Wawrzak Z, Devendran S, Cann I, Koropatkin NM, Ridlon JM. Structural and biochemical characterization of 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain L2-32. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12040-12053. [PMID: 31209107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract have evolved various enzymes that modify host-derived steroids. The bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway cleaves the cortisol side chain, forming pro-androgens predicted to impact host physiology. Bacterial 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-HSDH) regulates cortisol side-chain cleavage by reducing the C-20 carboxyl group on cortisol, yielding 20β-dihydrocortisol. Recently, the gene encoding 20β-HSDH in Butyricicoccus desmolans ATCC 43058 was reported, and a nonredundant protein search yielded a candidate 20β-HSDH gene in Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain L2-32. B. adolescentis 20β-HSDH could regulate cortisol side-chain cleavage by limiting pro-androgen formation in bacteria such as Clostridium scindens and 21-dehydroxylation by Eggerthella lenta Here, the putative B. adolescentis 20β-HSDH was cloned, overexpressed, and purified. 20β-HSDH activity was confirmed through whole-cell and pure enzymatic assays, and it is specific for cortisol. Next, we solved the structures of recombinant 20β-HSDH in both the apo- and holo-forms at 2.0-2.2 Å resolutions, revealing close overlap except for rearrangements near the active site. Interestingly, the structures contain a large, flexible N-terminal region that was investigated by gel-filtration chromatography and CD spectroscopy. This extended N terminus is important for protein stability because deletions of varying lengths caused structural changes and reduced enzymatic activity. A nonconserved extended N terminus was also observed in several short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family members. B. adolescentis strains capable of 20β-HSDH activity could alter glucocorticoid metabolism in the gut and thereby serve as potential probiotics for the management of androgen-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Doden
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Rebecca M Pollet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sean M Mythen
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center-LS-CAT, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Isaac Cann
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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139
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Zimmermann M, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Wegmann R, Goodman AL. Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes. Nature 2019; 570:462-467. [PMID: 31158845 PMCID: PMC6597290 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals vary widely in their responses to medicinal drugs, which can be dangerous and expensive owing to treatment delays and adverse effects. Although increasing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in this variability, the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here we show, by measuring the ability of 76 human gut bacteria from diverse clades to metabolize 271 orally administered drugs, that many drugs are chemically modified by microorganisms. We combined high-throughput genetic analyses with mass spectrometry to systematically identify microbial gene products that metabolize drugs. These microbiome-encoded enzymes can directly and substantially affect intestinal and systemic drug metabolism in mice, and can explain the drug-metabolizing activities of human gut bacteria and communities on the basis of their genomic contents. These causal links between the gene content and metabolic activities of the microbiota connect interpersonal variability in microbiomes to interpersonal differences in drug metabolism, which has implications for medical therapy and drug development across multiple disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zimmermann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Zimmermann-Kogadeeva
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebekka Wegmann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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140
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He Z, Kong X, Shao T, Zhang Y, Wen C. Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Associated With Promoting Efficacy of Prednisone by Bromofuranone in MRL/lpr Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:978. [PMID: 31118928 PMCID: PMC6504707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota played an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and glucocorticoids were prone to cause alterations in gut microbiota. This study addressed the effect of bromofuranone on the treatment of SLE with prednisone, since bromofuranone could regulate gut microbiota by inhibiting the AI-2/LuxS quorum-sensing. Remarkably, bromofuranone did not alleviate lupus but promoted the efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of lupus. The alterations in the gut microbiota, including decreased Mucispirillum, Oscillospira, Bilophila and Rikenella, and increased Anaerostipes, were associated with prednisone treatment for SLE. In addition, the increase of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Sutterella, and Adlercreutzia was positively associated with the bromofuranone-mediated promotion for the treatment of lupus. This was the first study demonstrating that the efficacy of glucocorticoids could be affected by the interventions in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Massari F, Mollica V, Di Nunno V, Gatto L, Santoni M, Scarpelli M, Cimadamore A, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Battelli N, Montironi R, Brandi G. The Human Microbiota and Prostate Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E459. [PMID: 30935126 PMCID: PMC6521295 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is gaining increasing attention in the medical community, as knowledge on its role not only in health but also in disease development and response to therapies is expanding. Furthermore, the connection between the microbiota and cancer, especially the link between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumors, is becoming clearer. The interaction between the microbiota and the response to chemotherapies and, more recently, to immunotherapy has been widely studied, and a connection between a peculiar type of microbiota and a better response to these therapies and a different incidence in toxicities has been hypothesized. As knowledge on the gut microbiota increases, interest in the residing microbial population in other systems of our body is also increasing. Consequently, the urinary microbiota is under evaluation for its possible implications in genitourinary diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the male population; thus, research regarding its etiology and possible factors correlated to disease progression or the response to specific therapies is thriving. This review has the purpose to recollect the current knowledge on the relationship between the human microbiota and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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142
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Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704: Integration of Nutritional Requirements, the Complete Genome Sequence, and Global Transcriptional Responses to Bile Acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00052-19. [PMID: 30737348 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00052-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human gut, Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704 is a predominant bacterium and one of the major bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating anaerobes. While this organism is well-studied relative to bile acid metabolism, little is known about the basic nutrition and physiology of C. scindens ATCC 35704. To determine the amino acid and vitamin requirements of C. scindens, the leave-one-out (one amino acid group or vitamin) technique was used to eliminate the nonessential amino acids and vitamins. With this approach, the amino acid tryptophan and three vitamins (riboflavin, pantothenate, and pyridoxal) were found to be required for the growth of C. scindens In the newly developed defined medium, C. scindens fermented glucose mainly to ethanol, acetate, formate, and H2. The genome of C. scindens ATCC 35704 was completed through PacBio sequencing. Pathway analysis of the genome sequence coupled with transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) under defined culture conditions revealed consistency with the growth requirements and end products of glucose metabolism. Induction with bile acids revealed complex and differential responses to cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, including the expression of potentially novel bile acid-inducible genes involved in cholic acid metabolism. Responses to toxic deoxycholic acid included expression of genes predicted to be involved in DNA repair, oxidative stress, cell wall maintenance/metabolism, chaperone synthesis, and downregulation of one-third of the genome. These analyses provide valuable insight into the overall biology of C. scindens which may be important in treatment of disease associated with increased colonic secondary bile acids.IMPORTANCE C. scindens is one of a few identified gut bacterial species capable of converting host cholic acid into disease-associated secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid. The current work represents an important advance in understanding the nutritional requirements and response to bile acids of the medically important human gut bacterium, C. scindens ATCC 35704. A defined medium has been developed which will further the understanding of bile acid metabolism in the context of growth substrates, cofactors, and other metabolites in the vertebrate gut. Analysis of the complete genome supports the nutritional requirements reported here. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in the presence of cholic acid and deoxycholic acid provides a unique insight into the complex response of C. scindens ATCC 35704 to primary and secondary bile acids. Also revealed are genes with the potential to function in bile acid transport and metabolism.
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143
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Antwis RE, Edwards KL, Unwin B, Walker SL, Shultz S. Rare gut microbiota associated with breeding success, hormone metabolites and ovarian cycle phase in the critically endangered eastern black rhino. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:27. [PMID: 30770764 PMCID: PMC6377766 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host microbiomes play a role in hormone production and subsequent fertility in humans, but this is less well understood in non-model organisms. This is of particular relevance to species in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes, as relationships between host microbiome composition and reproductive output may allow for the development of microbial augmentation strategies to improve success. Here, we characterise faecal bacterial communities of breeding and non-breeding eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantify progestagen and glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations through enzyme immunoassays to identify such relationships. RESULTS We identified significant differences in black rhino gut microbiome composition according to ID, institution, breeding success and ovarian cycle phase. In particular, the gut microbiome during pregnancy and post-parturition was significantly altered. Around a third of bacterial genera showed more than ± 10% correlation with either progestagen and/or glucocorticoid concentration, and in general, microbial genera correlated with both hormones in the same direction. Through a combination of analyses, we identified four genera (Aerococcaceae, Atopostipes, Carnobacteriaceae and Solobacterium) that were significantly associated with breeding success, pregnancy and/or post-parturition, and higher faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations. These genera had a lower-than-average relative abundance in the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that many members of the gut microbiome of black rhino are associated with hormone production and breeding success, and some members of the rare microbiota appear to be particularly important. Although the directionality of the relationship is unclear, the variation in gut microbiome communities represents a potential biomarker of reproductive health. We identified four genera that were associated with multiple indicators of reproductive output; these could be candidate probiotics to improve the breeding success of black rhino in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes. Further work is required to understand the efficacy and feasibility of this, either directly through microbial augmentation (e.g. probiotics) or indirectly via dietary manipulation or prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Antwis
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Katie L Edwards
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Bryony Unwin
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - Susanne Shultz
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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144
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Zhang F, Ma T, Cui P, Tamadon A, He S, Huo C, Yierfulati G, Xu X, Hu W, Li X, Shao LR, Guo H, Feng Y, Xu C. Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Dihydrotestosterone-Induced PCOS Rats and the Pharmacologic Effects of Diane-35, Probiotics, and Berberine. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30800111 PMCID: PMC6375883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine and metabolic syndrome in reproductive-age women. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota is closely related to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and PCOS. In the present study, we established dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS rats and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing (PE300) to examine the composition, diversity, and abundance of the gut microbiota in PCOS. We compared the effects of three PCOS treatments: Diane-35 (estrogen and progesterone), probiotics and berberine. The DHT-induced rats showed constant estrous cycles, the loss of mature ovarian follicles, insulin resistance and obesity. The reproductive and metabolic functions in the PCOS rats were improved by treatment with Diane-35 and probiotics. Diane-35 and probiotics could restore the diversity of the gut microbiota, and the recovery of gut microbiota disorders improved the reproductive function in PCOS-like rats. However, berberine drastically reduced the species diversity and amount of gut microbiota and showed no improvement in PCOS. The findings of this study will help us to better understand the influence of the gut microbiota in the metabolic and reproductive alterations in PCOS as well as suggest opportunities for future personal dietary guidance for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanbing Huo
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulinazi Yierfulati
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Linus R. Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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145
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Morris DJ, Brem AS. Role of gut metabolism of adrenal corticosteroids and hypertension: clues gut-cleansing antibiotics give us. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:83-89. [PMID: 30681907 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00115.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria can metabolize sterols, bile acids, steroid hormones, dietary proteins, fiber, foodstuffs, and short chain fatty acids. The metabolic products generated by some of these intestinal bacteria have been linked to a number of systemic diseases including obesity with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, some forms of inflammation, and more recently, systemic hypertension. In this review, we primarily focus on the potential role selected gut bacteria play in metabolizing the endogenous glucocorticoids corticosterone and cortisol. Those generated steroid metabolites, when reabsorbed in the intestine back into the circulation, produce biological effects most notably as inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) types 1 and 2. Inhibition of the dehydrogenase actions of 11β-HSD, particularly in kidney and vascular tissue, allows both corticosterone and cortisol the ability to bind to and activate mineralocorticoid receptors with attended changes in sodium handling and vascular resistance leading to increases in blood pressure. In several animal models of hypertension, administration of gut-cleansing antibiotics results in transient resolution of hypertension and transfer of intestinal contents from a hypertensive animal to a normotensive animal produces hypertension in the recipient. Moreover, fecal samples from hypertensive humans transplanted into germ-free mice resulted in hypertension in the recipient mice. Thus, it appears that the intestinal microbiome may not just be an innocent bystander but certain perturbations in the type and number of bacteria may directly or indirectly affect hypertension and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew S Brem
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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146
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Luan H, Wang X, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics: Targeting the crosstalk between gut microbiota and brain in neurodegenerative disorders. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:22-33. [PMID: 29130504 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics seeks to take a "snapshot" in a time of the levels, activities, regulation and interactions of all small molecule metabolites in response to a biological system with genetic or environmental changes. The emerging development in mass spectrometry technologies has shown promise in the discovery and quantitation of neuroactive small molecule metabolites associated with gut microbiota and brain. Significant progress has been made recently in the characterization of intermediate role of small molecule metabolites linked to neural development and neurodegenerative disorder, showing its potential in understanding the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host brain. More evidence reveals that small molecule metabolites may play a critical role in mediating microbial effects on neurotransmission and disease development. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics is uniquely suitable for obtaining the metabolic signals in bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain. In this review, we summarized major mass spectrometry technologies including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and imaging mass spectrometry for metabolomics studies of neurodegenerative disorders. We also reviewed the recent advances in the identification of new metabolites by mass spectrometry and metabolic pathways involved in the connection of intestinal microbiota and brain. These metabolic pathways allowed the microbiota to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota via the neurotransmitter substances. The dysfunctional interaction of this crosstalk connects neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis provides information for targeting dysfunctional pathways of small molecule metabolites in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases, which may be valuable for the investigation of underlying mechanism of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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147
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Diviccaro S, Giatti S, Borgo F, Barcella M, Borghi E, Trejo JL, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Treatment of male rats with finasteride, an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase enzyme, induces long-lasting effects on depressive-like behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and gut microbiota composition. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:206-215. [PMID: 30265917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent alteration of plasma neuroactive steroid levels associated with major depression has been recently reported in men after the suspension of the treatment for androgenetic alopecia with finasteride, an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase. Observations in male rats confirmed persistent alterations in neuroactive steroid levels also in the brain. In the present study, we have ascertained possible effects on depressive-like behavior, neurogenesis, gliosis, neuroinflammation and gut microbiota in male rats after subchronic treatment for 20 days with finasteride and after one month of its withdrawal. At the end of treatment there was an increase in the number of pH3 immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus together with an increase in the mRNA levels of TNF-α in the hippocampus. By one month after the end of finasteride treatment, rats showed depressive-like behavior coupled with a decrease in the number of pH3 immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, a decrease in granule cell density in the granule cell layer and an increase in the number of GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in the dentate gyrus. Finally, alteration of gut microbiota (i.e., an increase in Bacteroidetes phylum and in Prevotellaceae family at the end of the treatment and a decrease in Ruminococcaceae family, Oscillospira and Lachnospira genus at the end of the withdrawal period) was detected. In conclusion, finasteride treatment in male rats has long term effects on depressive-like behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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148
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Maleki Vareki S, Chanyi RM, Abdur-Rashid K, Brennan L, Burton JP. Moving on from Metchnikoff: thinking about microbiome therapeutics in cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:867. [PMID: 30263058 PMCID: PMC6145517 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine now needs to also consider the microbiome in oncology treatment. Ingested substances, whether they are a carcinogenic or therapeutic agent, will likely come into contact with the microbiota. Even those delivered extra-intestinally can be influenced beyond xenobiotic metabolism by biochemical factors associated with the microbiota or by an immunological predisposition created by the microbiome. We need to undertake one of the largest paradigm shifts to ever occur in medicine, that is, every drug or ingested substance needs to be re-evaluated for its pharmacological effect post-microbiome interaction. The importance of the microbiome with a focus on the treatment of cancer is discussed. In the near future, it may be possible to specifically manipulate the microbial composition within cancer patients to improve the therapeutic potential of existing oncological agents. However, the current tools to do so are limited. Targeted modulation is likely to be achieved by addition, selective enhancement or depletion of specific microbial types. This may include compounds such as narrow spectrum antimicrobial agents or oligosaccharides that will kill or enhance the bacterial growth of distinct members of the microbiota, respectively. This will stimulate a new era in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Maleki Vareki
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Ryan M Chanyi
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kamilah Abdur-Rashid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Liam Brennan
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, 268 Grosvenor Street, London ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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149
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Cross TWL, Kasahara K, Rey FE. Sexual dimorphism of cardiometabolic dysfunction: Gut microbiome in the play? Mol Metab 2018; 15:70-81. [PMID: 29887245 PMCID: PMC6066746 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex is one of the most powerful modifiers of disease development. Clear sexual dimorphism exists in cardiometabolic health susceptibility, likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones. Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis; however, the impact of microbes in sex-biased cardiometabolic disorders remains unclear. The gut microbiome is critical for maintaining a normal estrous cycle, testosterone levels, and reproductive function. Gut microbes modulate the enterohepatic recirculation of estrogens and androgens, affecting local and systemic levels of sex steroid hormones. Gut bacteria can also generate androgens from glucocorticoids. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes current knowledge of the complex interplay between sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic disease and the gut microbiome. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence suggests the role of gut microbiome as a modifier of disease susceptibility due to sex; however, the impact on cardiometabolic disease in this complex interplay is lacking. Elucidating the role of gut microbiome on sex-biased susceptibility in cardiometabolic disease is of high relevance to public health given its high prevalence and significant financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
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150
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Taneja V. Sex Hormones Determine Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1931. [PMID: 30210492 PMCID: PMC6119719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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