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Csipo T, Lipecz A, Owens C, Mukli P, Perry JW, Tarantini S, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Kellawan JM, Purebl G, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance, alters task-associated cerebral blood flow and decreases cortical neurovascular coupling-related hemodynamic responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20994. [PMID: 34697326 PMCID: PMC8546061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common condition and an important health concern. In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular risks, SD associates with decreases in cognitive performance. Neurovascular coupling (NVC, "functional hyperemia") is a critical homeostatic mechanism, which maintains adequate blood supply to the brain during periods of intensive neuronal activity. To determine whether SD alters NVC responses and cognitive performance, cognitive and hemodynamic NVC assessments were conducted prior to and 24 h post-SD in healthy young male individuals (n = 10, 27 ± 3 years old). Cognition was evaluated with a battery of tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Hemodynamic components of NVC were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) during cognitive stimulation, dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) during flicker light stimulation, and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during finger tapping motor task. Cognitive assessments revealed impairments in reaction time and sustained attention after 24 h of SD. Functional NIRS analysis revealed that SD significantly altered hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex during a motor task. NVC-related vascular responses measured by DVA and TCD did not change significantly. Interestingly, TCD detected decreased task-associated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the right middle cerebral artery in sleep deprived participants. Our results demonstrate that 24 h of SD lead to impairments in cognitive performance together with altered CBF and hemodynamic components of cortical NVC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jonathan W Perry
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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102
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Hu XS, Beard K, Sherbel MC, Nascimento TD, Petty S, Pantzlaff E, Schwitzer D, Kaciroti N, Maslowski E, Ashman LM, Feinberg SE, DaSilva AF. Brain Mechanisms of Virtual Reality Breathing Versus Traditional Mindful Breathing in Pain Modulation: Observational Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27298. [PMID: 34636731 PMCID: PMC8548979 DOI: 10.2196/27298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a complex experience that involves sensory-discriminative and cognitive-emotional neuronal processes. It has long been known across cultures that pain can be relieved by mindful breathing (MB). There is a common assumption that MB exerts its analgesic effect through interoception. Interoception refers to consciously refocusing the mind's attention to the physical sensation of internal organ function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we dissect the cortical analgesic processes by imaging the brains of healthy subjects exposed to traditional MB (TMB) and compare them with another group for which we augmented MB to an outside sensory experience via virtual reality breathing (VRB). METHODS The VRB protocol involved in-house-developed virtual reality 3D lungs that synchronized with the participants' breathing cycles in real time, providing them with an immersive visual-auditory exteroception of their breathing. RESULTS We found that both breathing interventions led to a significant increase in pain thresholds after week-long practices, as measured by a thermal quantitative sensory test. However, the underlying analgesic brain mechanisms were opposite, as revealed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy data. In the TMB practice, the anterior prefrontal cortex uniquely modulated the premotor cortex. This increased its functional connection with the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), thereby facilitating the S1-based sensory-interoceptive processing of breathing but inhibiting its other role in sensory-discriminative pain processing. In contrast, virtual reality induced an immersive 3D exteroception with augmented visual-auditory cortical activations, which diminished the functional connection with the S1 and consequently weakened the pain processing function of the S1. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study suggested two analgesic neuromechanisms of VRB and TMB practices-exteroception and interoception-that distinctively modulated the S1 processing of the ascending noxious inputs. This is in line with the concept of dualism (Yin and Yang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Su Hu
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Beard
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary Catherine Sherbel
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thiago D Nascimento
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sean Petty
- 3D Lab, Digital Media Commons, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eddie Pantzlaff
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David Schwitzer
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Lawrence M Ashman
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexandre F DaSilva
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort Lab, Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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103
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Mohammad PPS, Isarangura S, Eddins A, Parthasarathy AB. Comparison of functional activation responses from the auditory cortex derived using multi-distance frequency domain and continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:045004. [PMID: 34926716 PMCID: PMC8673635 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.4.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Quantitative measurements of cerebral hemodynamic changes due to functional activation are widely accomplished with commercial continuous wave (CW-NIRS) instruments despite the availability of the more rigorous multi-distance frequency domain (FD-NIRS) approach. A direct comparison of the two approaches to functional near-infrared spectroscopy can help in the interpretation of optical data and guide implementations of diffuse optical instruments for measuring functional activation. Aim: We explore the differences between CW-NIRS and multi-distance FD-NIRS by comparing measurements of functional activation in the human auditory cortex. Approach: Functional activation of the human auditory cortex was measured using a commercial frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy instrument for 70 dB sound pressure level broadband noise and pure tone (1000 Hz) stimuli. Changes in tissue oxygenation were calculated using the modified Beer-Lambert law (CW-NIRS approach) and the photon diffusion equation (FD-NIRS approach). Results: Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin measured with the multi-distance FD-NIRS approach were about twice as large as those measured with the CW-NIRS approach. A finite-element simulation of the functional activation problem was performed to demonstrate that tissue oxygenation changes measured with the CW-NIRS approach is more accurate than that with multi-distance FD-NIRS. Conclusions: Multi-distance FD-NIRS approaches tend to overestimate functional activation effects, in part due to partial volume effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sittiprapa Isarangura
- University of South Florida, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ann Eddins
- University of South Florida, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ashwin B. Parthasarathy
- University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, Florida, United States
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104
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Heiland EG, Tarassova O, Fernström M, English C, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM. Frequent, Short Physical Activity Breaks Reduce Prefrontal Cortex Activation but Preserve Working Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: ABBaH Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:719509. [PMID: 34602995 PMCID: PMC8481573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is increasingly common and may possibly be unfavorable for cognitive function and mood. In this randomized crossover study, the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive task-related activation of the prefrontal cortex were investigated. The effects on working memory, psychological factors, and blood glucose were also examined, and whether arterial stiffness moderated prefrontal cortex activation. Thirteen subjects (mean age 50.5 years; eight men) underwent three 3-h sitting conditions, interrupted every 30-min by a different 3-min break on separate, randomized-ordered days: seated social interactions (SOCIAL), walking (WALK), or simple resistance activities (SRA). Arterial stiffness was assessed at baseline. Before and after each 3-h condition, psychological factors (stress, mood, sleepiness, and alertness) were assessed through questionnaires and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), indicative of cortical activation, while performing working memory tasks [1- (baseline), 2-, and 3-back]. Blood glucose levels were continuously measured throughout the conditions. Results revealed no significant changes in Oxy-Hb during the 2-back compared with the 1-back test in any condition, and no time-by-condition interactions. During the 3-back test, there was a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb compared with the 1-back after the WALK condition in the right prefrontal cortex, but there were no time-by-condition interactions, although 3-back reaction time improved only in the WALK condition. Mood and alertness improved after the WALK condition, which was significantly different from the SOCIAL condition. Arterial stiffness moderated the effects, such that changes in Oxy-Hb were significantly different between WALK and SOCIAL conditions only among those with low arterial stiffness. Blood glucose during the interventions did not differ between conditions. Thus, breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short physical activity breaks may reduce right prefrontal cortex activation, with improvements in some aspects of working memory, mood, and alertness. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04137211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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105
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Comparison of Whole-Head Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Potential Application in Pediatric Neurology. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 122:68-75. [PMID: 34301451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation can be measured by time-dependent fluctuations in hemoglobin species within the brain; this is the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). There is a clinical need for portable neural imaging systems, such as fNIRS, to accommodate patients who are unable to tolerate an MR environment. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare task-related full-head fNIRS and fMRI signals across cortical regions. METHODS Eighteen healthy adults completed a same-day fNIRS-fMRI study, in which they performed right- and left-hand finger tapping tasks and a semantic-decision tones-decision task. First- and second-level general linear models were applied to both datasets. RESULTS The finger tapping task showed that significant fNIRS channel activity over the contralateral primary motor cortex corresponded to surface fMRI activity. Similarly, significant fNIRS channel activity over the bilateral temporal lobe corresponded to the same primary auditory regions as surface fMRI during the semantic-decision tones-decision task. Additional channels were significant for this task that did not correspond to surface fMRI activity. CONCLUSION Although both imaging modalities showed left-lateralized activation for language processing, the current fNIRS analysis did not show concordant or expected localization at the level necessary for clinical use in individual pediatric epileptic patients. Future work is needed to show whether fNIRS and fMRI are comparable at the source level so that fNIRS can be used in a clinical setting on individual patients. If comparable, such an imaging approach could be applied to children with neurological disorders.
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106
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Li X, Lipschutz R, Hernandez SM, Biekman B, Shen S, Montgomery DA, Perlman SB, Pollonini L, Bick J. Links between socioeconomic disadvantage, neural function, and working memory in early childhood. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22181. [PMID: 34423434 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Children reared in socioeconomically disadvantaged environments are at risk for academic, cognitive, and behavioral problems. Mounting evidence suggests that childhood adversities, encountered at disproportionate rates in contexts of socioeconomic risk, shape the developing brain in ways that explain disparities. Circuitries that subserve neurocognitive functions related to memory, attention, and cognitive control are especially affected. However, most work showing altered neural function has focused on middle childhood and adolescence. Understanding alterations in brain development during foundational points in early childhood is a key next step. To address this gap, we examined functional near-infrared-spectroscopy-based neural activation during a working memory (WM) task in young children aged 4-7 years (N = 30) who varied in socioeconomic risk exposure. Children who experienced greater disadvantage (lower income to needs ratio and lower Hollingshead index) exhibited lower activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex than children who experienced less to no disadvantage. Variability in prefrontal cortex activation, but not behavioral performance on the WM task, was associated with worse executive functioning in children as reported by parents. These findings add to existing evidence that exposure to early adversity, such as socioeconomic risk, may lead to foundational changes in the developing brain, which increases risk for disparities in functioning across multiple cognitive and social domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Lipschutz
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Brian Biekman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shutian Shen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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107
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Quiñones-Camacho LE, Fishburn FA, Belardi K, Williams DL, Huppert TJ, Perlman SB. Dysfunction in interpersonal neural synchronization as a mechanism for social impairment in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:1585-1596. [PMID: 33847461 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been linked to atypical activation of the mentalizing network. This work, however, has been limited by a focus on the brain activity of a single person during computerized social tasks rather than exploring brain activity during in vivo interactions. The current study assessed neural synchronization during a conversation as a mechanism for social impairment in adults with ASD (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 26). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and tempoparietal junction (TPJ). Participants self-reported on their social communication and videos of the interaction were coded for utterances and conversational turns. As expected, controls showed more neural synchrony than participants with ASD in the TPJ. Also as expected, controls showed less social communication impairment than participants with ASD. However, participants with ASD did not have fewer utterances compared with control subjects. Overall, less neural synchrony in the TPJ was associated with higher social impairment and marginally fewer utterances. Our findings advance our understanding of social difficulties in ASD by linking them to decreased neural synchronization of the TPJ. LAY SUMMARY: The coordination of brain responses is important for efficient social interactions. The current study explored the coordination of brain responses in neurotypical adults and adults with ASD to investigate if difficulties in social interactions are related to difficulties coordinating brain responses in ASD. We found that participants with ASD had more difficulties coordinating brain responses during a conversation with an interacting partner. Additionally, we found that the level of coordination in brain responses was linked to problems with social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank A Fishburn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Belardi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane L Williams
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore J Huppert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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108
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Copeland C, Mukherjee M, Wang Y, Fraser K, Zuniga JM. Changes in Sensorimotor Cortical Activation in Children Using Prostheses and Prosthetic Simulators. Brain Sci 2021; 11:991. [PMID: 34439610 PMCID: PMC8392534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the neural responses of children using prostheses and prosthetic simulators to better elucidate the emulation abilities of the simulators. We utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the neural response in five children with a congenital upper limb reduction (ULR) using a body-powered prosthesis to complete a 60 s gross motor dexterity task. The ULR group was matched with five typically developing children (TD) using their non-preferred hand and a prosthetic simulator on the same hand. The ULR group had lower activation within the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) compared to the TD group, but nonsignificant differences in the primary somatosensory area (S1). Compared to using their non-preferred hand, the TD group exhibited significantly higher action in S1 when using the simulator, but nonsignificant differences in M1 and SMA. The non-significant differences in S1 activation between groups and the increased activation evoked by the simulator's use may suggest rapid changes in feedback prioritization during tool use. We suggest that prosthetic simulators may elicit increased reliance on proprioceptive and tactile feedback during motor tasks. This knowledge may help to develop future prosthesis rehabilitative training or the improvement of tool-based skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Copeland
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (C.C.); (M.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Mukul Mukherjee
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (C.C.); (M.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Kaitlin Fraser
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (C.C.); (M.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Jorge M. Zuniga
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (C.C.); (M.M.); (K.F.)
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Pre-SMA activation and the perception of contagiousness and authenticity in laughter sounds. Cortex 2021; 143:57-68. [PMID: 34388558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and behavioural methods were used to examine the neural basis of the behavioural contagion and authenticity of laughter. We demonstrate that the processing of laughter sounds recruits networks previously shown to be related to empathy and auditory-motor mirror networks. Additionally, we found that the differences in the levels of activation in response to volitional and spontaneous laughter could predict an individual's perception of how contagious they found the laughter to be.
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110
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White BE, Langdon C. The cortical organization of listening effort: New insight from functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118324. [PMID: 34217787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday challenges impact our ability to hear and comprehend spoken language with ease, such as accented speech (source factors), spectral degradation (transmission factors), complex or unfamiliar language use (message factors), and predictability (context factors). Auditory degradation and linguistic complexity in the brain and behavior have been well investigated, and several computational models have emerged. The work here provides a novel test of the hypotheses that listening effort is partially reliant on higher cognitive auditory attention and working memory mechanisms in the frontal lobe, and partially reliant on hierarchical linguistic computation in the brain's left hemisphere. We specifically hypothesize that these models are robust and can be applied in ecologically relevant and coarse-grain contexts that rigorously control for acoustic and linguistic listening challenges. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during an auditory plausibility judgment task, we show the hierarchical cortical organization for listening effort in the frontal and left temporal-parietal brain regions. In response to increasing levels of cognitive demand, we found (i) poorer comprehension, (ii) slower reaction times, (iii) increasing levels of perceived mental effort, (iv) increasing levels of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex, (v) hierarchical modulation of core language processing regions that reflect increasingly higher-order auditory-linguistic processing, and (vi) a correlation between participants' mental effort ratings and their performance on the task. Our results demonstrate that listening effort is partly reliant on higher cognitive auditory attention and working memory mechanisms in the frontal lobe and partly reliant on hierarchical linguistic computation in the brain's left hemisphere. Further, listening effort is driven by a voluntary, motivation-based attention system for which our results validate the use of a single-item post-task questionnaire for measuring perceived levels of mental effort and predicting listening performance. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for more sophisticated models of listening effort and even cognitive neuroplasticity in hearing aid and cochlear implant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E White
- Brain and Language Center for Neuroimaging, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Clifton Langdon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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111
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Borrell JA, Copeland C, Lukaszek JL, Fraser K, Zuniga JM. Use-Dependent Prosthesis Training Strengthens Contralateral Hemodynamic Brain Responses in a Young Adult With Upper Limb Reduction Deficiency: A Case Report. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:693138. [PMID: 34177460 PMCID: PMC8226211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.693138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current case study was to determine the influence of an 8-week home intervention training utilizing a partial hand prosthesis on hemodynamic responses of the brain and gross dexterity in a case participant with congenital unilateral upper-limb reduction deficiency (ULD). The case participant (female, 19 years of age) performed a gross manual dexterity task (Box and Block Test) while measuring brain activity (functional near-infrared spectroscopy; fNIRS) before and after an 8-weeks home intervention training. During baseline, there was a broad cortical activation in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and a non-focalized cortical activation in the contralateral hemisphere, which was non-focalized, while performing a gross manual dexterity task using a prosthesis. After the 8-week home intervention training, however, cortical activation shifted to the contralateral motor cortex while cortical activation was diminished in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Specifically, the oxygenated hemodynamics (HbO) responses increased in the medial aspects of the contralateral primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Thus, these results suggest that an 8-week prosthetic home intervention was able to strengthen contralateral connections in this young adult with congenital partial hand reduction. This was supported by the case participant showing after training an increased flexor tone, increased range of motion of the wrist, and decreased times to complete various gross dexterity tasks. Changes in HbO responses due to the home intervention training follow the mechanisms of use-dependent plasticity and further guide the use of prostheses as a rehabilitation strategy for individuals with ULD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Borrell
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States.,Center for Biomedical Rehabilitation and Manufacturing, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jessica L Lukaszek
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaitlin Fraser
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jorge M Zuniga
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States.,Center for Biomedical Rehabilitation and Manufacturing, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
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112
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Dybvik H, Steinert M. Real-World fNIRS Brain Activity Measurements during Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga. Brain Sci 2021; 11:742. [PMID: 34204979 PMCID: PMC8229690 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is often praised for its portability and robustness towards motion artifacts. While an increasing body of fNIRS research in real-world environments is emerging, most fNIRS studies are still conducted in laboratories, and do not incorporate larger movements performed by participants. This study extends fNIRS applications in real-world environments by conducting a single-subject observational study of a yoga practice with considerable movement (Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga) in a participant's natural environment (their apartment). The results show differences in cognitive load (prefrontal cortex activation) when comparing technically complex postures to relatively simple ones, but also some contrasts with surprisingly little difference. This study explores the boundaries of real-world cognitive load measurements, and contributes to the empirical knowledge base of using fNIRS in realistic settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of fNIRS brain imaging recorded during any moving yoga practice. Future work with fNIRS should take advantage of this by accomplishing studies with considerable real-world movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrikke Dybvik
- TrollLABS, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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113
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Prôa R, Balardin J, de Faria DD, Paulo AM, Sato JR, Baltazar CA, Borges V, Azevedo Silva SMC, Ferraz HB, de Carvalho Aguiar P. Motor Cortex Activation During Writing in Focal Upper-Limb Dystonia: An fNIRS Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:729-737. [PMID: 34047233 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211019341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional imaging studies have associated dystonia with abnormal activation in motor and sensory brain regions. Commonly used techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging impose physical constraints, limiting the experimental paradigms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a new noninvasive possibility for investigating cortical areas and the neural correlates of complex motor behaviors in unconstrained settings. METHODS We compared the cortical brain activation of patients with focal upper-limb dystonia and controls during the writing task under naturalistic conditions using fNIRS. The primary motor cortex (M1), the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and the supplementary motor area were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to assess differences in changes in both oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) between groups. RESULTS Group average activation maps revealed an expected pattern of contralateral recruitment of motor and somatosensory cortices in the control group and a more bilateral pattern of activation in the dystonia group. Between-group comparisons focused on specific ROIs revealed an increased activation of the contralateral M1 and S1 cortices and also of the ipsilateral M1 cortex in patients. CONCLUSIONS Overactivity of contralateral M1 and S1 in dystonia suggest a reduced specificity of the task-related cortical areas, whereas ipsilateral activation possibly indicates a primary disorder of the motor cortex or an endophenotypic pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first study using fNIRS to assess cortical activity in dystonia during the writing task under natural settings, outlining the potential of this technique for monitoring sensory and motor retraining in dystonia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Prôa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joana Balardin
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo D de Faria
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur M Paulo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sonia M C Azevedo Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Csipo T, Lipecz A, Mukli P, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens CD, Tarantini S, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Kellawan JM, Sorond F, James JA, Csiszar A, Ungvari ZI, Yabluchanskiy A. Increased cognitive workload evokes greater neurovascular coupling responses in healthy young adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250043. [PMID: 34010279 PMCID: PMC8133445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain allocates resources to match the demands of active neurons under physiological conditions is critically important. Increased metabolic demands of active brain regions are matched with hemodynamic responses known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). Several methods that allow noninvasive assessment of brain activity in humans detect NVC and early detection of NVC impairment may serve as an early marker of cognitive impairment. Therefore, non-invasive NVC assessments may serve as a valuable tool to detect early signs of cognitive impairment and dementia. Working memory tasks are routinely employed in the evaluation of cognitive task-evoked NVC responses. However, recent attempts that utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) or transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) while using a similar working memory paradigm did not provide convincing evidence for the correlation of the hemodynamic variables measured by these two methods. In the current study, we aimed to compare fNIRS and TCD in their performance of differentiating NVC responses evoked by different levels of working memory workload during the same working memory task used as cognitive stimulation. Fourteen healthy young individuals were recruited for this study and performed an n-back cognitive test during TCD and fNIRS monitoring. During TCD monitoring, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow was bilaterally increased during the task associated with greater cognitive effort. fNIRS also detected significantly increased activation during a more challenging task in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and in addition, widespread activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was also revealed. Robust changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics may explain the profound change in MCA blood flow during the same cognitive task. Overall, our data support our hypothesis that both TCD and fNIRS methods can discriminate NVC evoked by higher demand tasks compared to baseline or lower demand tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Cameron D. Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Bon Secours St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, Virginia, United States of America
| | - J. Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan I. Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Dans PW, Foglia SD, Nelson AJ. Data Processing in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Motor Control Research. Brain Sci 2021; 11:606. [PMID: 34065136 PMCID: PMC8151801 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FNIRS pre-processing and processing methodologies are very important-how a researcher chooses to process their data can change the outcome of an experiment. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide on fNIRS pre-processing and processing techniques pertinent to the field of human motor control research. One hundred and twenty-three articles were selected from the motor control field and were examined on the basis of their fNIRS pre-processing and processing methodologies. Information was gathered about the most frequently used techniques in the field, which included frequency cutoff filters, wavelet filters, smoothing filters, and the general linear model (GLM). We discuss the methodologies of and considerations for these frequently used techniques, as well as those for some alternative techniques. Additionally, general considerations for processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Dans
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Stevie D. Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
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116
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Rybář M, Poli R, Daly I. Decoding of semantic categories of imagined concepts of animals and tools in fNIRS. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:046035. [PMID: 33780916 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf2e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Semantic decoding refers to the identification of semantic concepts from recordings of an individual's brain activity. It has been previously reported in functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. We investigate whether semantic decoding is possible with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Specifically, we attempt to differentiate between the semantic categories of animals and tools. We also identify suitable mental tasks for potential brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.Approach.We explore the feasibility of a silent naming task, for the first time in fNIRS, and propose three novel intuitive mental tasks based on imagining concepts using three sensory modalities: visual, auditory, and tactile. Participants are asked to visualize an object in their minds, imagine the sounds made by the object, and imagine the feeling of touching the object. A general linear model is used to extract hemodynamic responses that are then classified via logistic regression in a univariate and multivariate manner.Main results.We successfully classify all tasks with mean accuracies of 76.2% for the silent naming task, 80.9% for the visual imagery task, 72.8% for the auditory imagery task, and 70.4% for the tactile imagery task. Furthermore, we show that consistent neural representations of semantic categories exist by applying classifiers across tasks.Significance.These findings show that semantic decoding is possible in fNIRS. The study is the first step toward the use of semantic decoding for intuitive BCI applications for communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rybář
- Brain-Computer Interfacing and Neural Engineering Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Poli
- Brain-Computer Interfacing and Neural Engineering Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Daly
- Brain-Computer Interfacing and Neural Engineering Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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117
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Meidenbauer KL, Choe KW, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Huppert TJ, Berman MG. Load-dependent relationships between frontal fNIRS activity and performance: A data-driven PLS approach. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117795. [PMID: 33503483 PMCID: PMC8145788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging research frequently demonstrates load-dependent activation in prefrontal and parietal cortex during working memory tasks such as the N-back. Most of this work has been conducted in fMRI, but functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is gaining traction as a less invasive and more flexible alternative to measuring cortical hemodynamics. Few fNIRS studies, however, have examined how working memory load-dependent changes in brain hemodynamics relate to performance. The current study employs a newly developed and robust statistical analysis of task-based fNIRS data in a large sample, and demonstrates the utility of data-driven, multivariate analyses to link brain activation and behavior in this modality. Seventy participants completed a standard N-back task with three N-back levels (N = 1, 2, 3) while fNIRS data were collected from frontal and parietal cortex. Overall, participants showed reliably greater fronto-parietal activation for the 2-back versus the 1-back task, suggesting fronto-parietal fNIRS measurements are sensitive to differences in cognitive load. The results for 3-back were much less consistent, potentially due to poor behavioral performance in the 3-back task. To address this, a multivariate analysis (behavioral partial least squares, PLS) was conducted to examine the interaction between fNIRS activation and performance at each N-back level. Results of the PLS analysis demonstrated differences in the relationship between accuracy and change in the deoxyhemoglobin fNIRS signal as a function of N-back level in eight mid-frontal channels. Specifically, greater reductions in deoxyhemoglobin (i.e., more activation) were positively related to performance on the 3-back task, unrelated to accuracy in the 2-back task, and negatively associated with accuracy in the 1-back task. This pattern of results suggests that the metabolic demands correlated with neural activity required for high levels of accuracy vary as a consequence of task difficulty/cognitive load, whereby more automaticity during the 1-back task (less mid-frontal activity) predicted superior performance on this relatively easy task, and successful engagement of this mid-frontal region was required for high accuracy on a more difficult and cognitively demanding 3-back task. In summary, we show that fNIRS activity can track working memory load and can uncover significant associations between brain activity and performance, thus opening the door for this modality to be used in more wide-spread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Meidenbauer
- Environmental Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kyoung Whan Choe
- Environmental Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Mansueto Institute for Urban Innovation, The University of Chicago, United States
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Environmental Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Theodore J. Huppert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Marc G. Berman
- Environmental Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, United States
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Gemignani J, Gervain J. Comparing different pre-processing routines for infant fNIRS data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100943. [PMID: 33735718 PMCID: PMC7985709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an important neuroimaging technique in cognitive developmental neuroscience. Nevertheless, there is no general consensus yet about best pre-processing practices. This issue is highly relevant, especially since the development and variability of the infant hemodynamic response (HRF) is not fully known. Systematic comparisons between analysis methods are thus necessary. We investigated the performance of five different pipelines, selected on the basis of a systematic search of the infant NIRS literature, in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we used synthetic data to compare the recovered HRFs with the true HRF and to assess the robustness of each method against increasing levels of noise. In Experiment 2, we analyzed experimental data from a published study, which assessed the neural correlates of artificial grammar processing in newborns. We found that with motion artifact correction (as opposed to rejection) a larger number of trials were retained, but HRF amplitude was often strongly reduced. By contrast, artifact rejection resulted in a high exclusion rate but preserved adequately the characteristics of the HRF. We also found that the performance of all pipelines declined as the noise increased, but significantly less so than if no pre-processing was applied. Finally, we found no difference between running the pre-processing on optical density or concentration change data. These results suggest that pre-processing should thus be optimized as a function of the specific quality issues a give dataset exhibits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gemignani
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, CNRS & University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Judit Gervain
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, CNRS & University of Paris, Paris, France
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119
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Blanco B, Molnar M, Carreiras M, Collins-Jones LH, Vidal E, Cooper RJ, Caballero-Gaudes C. Group-level cortical functional connectivity patterns using fNIRS: assessing the effect of bilingualism in young infants. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025011. [PMID: 34136588 PMCID: PMC8200331 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Early monolingual versus bilingual experience induces adaptations in the development of linguistic and cognitive processes, and it modulates functional activation patterns during the first months of life. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a convenient approach to study the functional organization of the infant brain. RSFC can be measured in infants during natural sleep, and it allows to simultaneously investigate various functional systems. Adaptations have been observed in RSFC due to a lifelong bilingual experience. Investigating whether bilingualism-induced adaptations in RSFC begin to emerge early in development has important implications for our understanding of how the infant brain's organization can be shaped by early environmental factors. Aims: We attempt to describe RSFC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and to examine whether it adapts to early monolingual versus bilingual environments. We also present an fNIRS data preprocessing and analysis pipeline that can be used to reliably characterize RSFC in development and to reduce false positives and flawed results interpretations. Methods: We measured spontaneous hemodynamic brain activity in a large cohort ( N = 99 ) of 4-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants using fNIRS. We implemented group-level approaches based on independent component analysis to examine RSFC, while providing proper control for physiological confounds and multiple comparisons. Results: At the group level, we describe the functional organization of the 4-month-old infant brain in large-scale cortical networks. Unbiased group-level comparisons revealed no differences in RSFC between monolingual and bilingual infants at this age. Conclusions: High-quality fNIRS data provide a means to reliably describe RSFC patterns in the infant brain. The proposed group-level RSFC analyses allow to assess differences in RSFC across experimental conditions. An effect of early bilingual experience in RSFC was not observed, suggesting that adaptations might only emerge during explicit linguistic tasks, or at a later point in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Blanco
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Molnar
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Carreiras
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liam H. Collins-Jones
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Vidal
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
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120
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Luke R, Larson E, Shader MJ, Innes-Brown H, Van Yper L, Lee AKC, Sowman PF, McAlpine D. Analysis methods for measuring passive auditory fNIRS responses generated by a block-design paradigm. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025008. [PMID: 34036117 PMCID: PMC8140612 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly popular tool in auditory research, but the range of analysis procedures employed across studies may complicate the interpretation of data. Aim: We aim to assess the impact of different analysis procedures on the morphology, detection, and lateralization of auditory responses in fNIRS. Specifically, we determine whether averaging or generalized linear model (GLM)-based analysis generates different experimental conclusions when applied to a block-protocol design. The impact of parameter selection of GLMs on detecting auditory-evoked responses was also quantified. Approach: 17 listeners were exposed to three commonly employed auditory stimuli: noise, speech, and silence. A block design, comprising sounds of 5 s duration and 10 to 20 s silent intervals, was employed. Results: Both analysis procedures generated similar response morphologies and amplitude estimates, and both indicated that responses to speech were significantly greater than to noise or silence. Neither approach indicated a significant effect of brain hemisphere on responses to speech. Methods to correct for systemic hemodynamic responses using short channels improved detection at the individual level. Conclusions: Consistent with theoretical considerations, simulations, and other experimental domains, GLM and averaging analyses generate the same group-level experimental conclusions. We release this dataset publicly for use in future development and optimization of algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luke
- Macquarie University, Macquarie University Hearing & Department of Linguistics, Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Larson
- University of Washington, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Maureen J. Shader
- The Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Bionics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish Innes-Brown
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Bionics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
| | - Lindsey Van Yper
- Macquarie University, Macquarie University Hearing & Department of Linguistics, Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian K. C. Lee
- University of Washington, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences and Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Paul F. Sowman
- Macquarie University, Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David McAlpine
- Macquarie University, Macquarie University Hearing & Department of Linguistics, Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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121
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Urban K, Schudlo L, Keightley M, Alain S, Reed N, Chau T. Altered Brain Activation in Youth following Concussion: Using a Dual-task Paradigm. Dev Neurorehabil 2021; 24:187-198. [PMID: 33012188 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2020.1825539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A concussion is known as a functional injury affecting brain communication, integration, and processing. There is a need to objectively measure how concussions disrupt brain activation while completing ecologically relevant tasks.The objective of this study was to compare brain activation patterns between concussion and comparison groups (non-concussed youth) during a cognitive-motor single and dual-task paradigm utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in regions of the frontal-parietal attention network and compared to task performance.Youth with concussion generally exhibited hyperactivation and recruitment of additional brain regions in the dorsal lateral prefrontal (DLPFC), superior (SPC) and inferior parietal cortices (IPC), which are associated with processing, information integration, and response selection. Additionally, hyper- or hypo-activation patterns were associated with slower processing speed on the cognitive task. Our findings corroborate the growing literature suggesting that neural recovery may be delayed compared to the restoration of behavioral performance post-concussion.Concussion, near-infrared spectroscopy, dual-task paradigm, cognitive, motor, brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urban
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sam Alain
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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122
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Deconvolution of hemodynamic responses along the cortical surface using personalized functional near infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5964. [PMID: 33727581 PMCID: PMC7966407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), deconvolution analysis of oxy and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes allows estimating specific hemodynamic response functions (HRF) elicited by neuronal activity, taking advantage of the fNIRS excellent temporal resolution. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is also becoming the new standard reconstruction procedure as it is more accurate than the modified Beer Lambert law approach at the sensor level. The objective of this study was to assess the relevance of HRF deconvolution after DOT constrained along the cortical surface. We used local personalized fNIRS montages which consists in optimizing the position of fNIRS optodes to ensure maximal sensitivity to subject specific target brain regions. We carefully evaluated the accuracy of deconvolution when applied after DOT, using realistic simulations involving several HRF models at different signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels and on real data related to motor and visual tasks in healthy subjects and from spontaneous pathological activity in one patient with epilepsy. We demonstrated that DOT followed by deconvolution was able to accurately recover a large variability of HRFs over a large range of SNRs. We found good performances of deconvolution analysis for SNR levels usually encountered in our applications and we were able to reconstruct accurately the temporal dynamics of HRFs in real conditions.
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123
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White BR, Padawer-Curry JA, Ko T, Baker W, Breimann J, Cohen AS, Licht DJ, Yodh AG. Wavelength censoring for spectroscopy in optical functional neuroimaging. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065026. [PMID: 33326946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical neuromonitoring provides insight into neurovascular physiology and brain structure and function. These methods rely on spectroscopy to relate light absorption changes to variation of concentrations of physiologic chromophores such as oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. In clinical or preclinical practice, data quality can vary significantly across wavelengths. In such situations, standard spectroscopic methods may perform poorly, resulting in data loss and limiting field-of-view. To address this issue, and thereby improve the robustness of optical neuromonitoring, we develop, in this manuscript, novel methods to perform spectroscopy even when data quality exhibits wavelength-dependent spatial variation. We sought to understand the impact of spatial, wavelength-based censoring on the physiologic accuracy and utility of hemoglobin spectroscopy. The principles of our analysis are quite general, but to make the methodology tangible we focused on optical intrinsic signal imaging of resting-state functional connectivity in mice. Starting with spectroscopy using four sources, all possible subset spectroscopy matrices were assessed theoretically, using simulated data, and using experimental data. These results were compared against the use of the full spectroscopy matrix to determine which subsets yielded robust results. Our results demonstrated that accurate calculation of changes in hemoglobin concentrations and the resulting functional connectivity network maps was possible even with censoring of some wavelengths. Additionally, we found that the use of changes in total hemoglobin (rather than oxy- or deoxyhemoglobin) yielded results more robust to experimental noise and allowed for the preservation of more data. This new and rigorous image processing method should improve the fidelity of clinical and preclinical functional neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R White
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Pediatric Cardiology-8NW, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wesley Baker
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jake Breimann
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Abramson Research Center, Room 816-H, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Licht
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Wu ST, Rubianes Silva JAI, Novi SL, de Souza NGSR, Forero EJ, Mesquita RC. Accurate Image-guided (Re)Placement of NIRS Probes. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 200:105844. [PMID: 33267972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become an attractive choice to neuroscience because of its high temporal resolution, ease of use, non-invasiveness, and affordability. With the advent of wearable fNIRS technology, on-the-spot studies of brain function have become viable. However, the lack of within-subject reproducibility is one of the barriers to the full acceptability of fNIRS. To support the validation of the claim that within-subject reproducibility of fNIRS could benefit from accurate anatomical information, we present in this paper a method to develop an image-based system that improves the placement of the sensors on the scalp at interactive rates. METHODS The proposed solution consists of an electromagnetic digitizer and an interactive visualization system that allows monitoring the movements of the digitizer on a real head with respect to the underlying cerebral cortical structures. GPU-based volume raycasting rendering is applied to unveil these structures from the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging volume. Scalp and cortical surface are estimated from the scanned volume to improve depth perception. An alignment algorithm between the real and scanned heads is devised to visually feedback the position of the stylus of the digitizer. Off-screen rendering of the depthmaps of the visible surfaces makes spatial positioning of a 2D interaction pointer possible. RESULTS We evaluated the alignment accuracy using four to eight anatomical landmarks and found seven to be a good compromise between precision and efficiency. Next, we evaluated reproducibility in positioning five arbitrarily chosen points on three volunteers by four operators over five sessions. In every session, seven anatomical landmarks were applied in the alignment of the real and the scanned head. For the same volunteer, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences within the five points digitized by the same operator over five sessions (α = 0.05). In addition, preliminary study of motor cortex activation by right-hand finger tapping showed the potential of our approach to increase functional fNIRS reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS Results of experiments suggest that the enhancement of the visualization of the location of the probes on the scalp, relative to the underlying cortical structures, improves reproducibility of fNIRS measurements. As further work, we plan to study the fNIRS reproducibility in other cortical regions and in clinical settings using the proposed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ting Wu
- School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - José Angel Iván Rubianes Silva
- School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Novi
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin Johan Forero
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Rickson C Mesquita
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
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125
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Schommartz I, Dix A, Passow S, Li SC. Functional Effects of Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulation During Sequential Decision-Making: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study With Offline Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:605190. [PMID: 33613203 PMCID: PMC7886709 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.605190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn sequential contingencies of actions for predicting future outcomes is indispensable for flexible behavior in many daily decision-making contexts. It remains open whether such ability may be enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The present study combined tDCS with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate potential tDCS-induced effects on sequential decision-making and the neural mechanisms underlying such modulations. Offline tDCS and sham stimulation were applied over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in young male adults (N = 29, mean age = 23.4 years, SD = 3.2) in a double-blind between-subject design using a three-state Markov decision task. The results showed (i) an enhanced dlPFC hemodynamic response during the acquisition of sequential state transitions that is consistent with the findings from a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study; (ii) a tDCS-induced increase of the hemodynamic response in the dlPFC, but without accompanying performance-enhancing effects at the behavioral level; and (iii) a greater tDCS-induced upregulation of hemodynamic responses in the delayed reward condition that seems to be associated with faster decision speed. Taken together, these findings provide empirical evidence for fNIRS as a suitable method for investigating hemodynamic correlates of sequential decision-making as well as functional brain correlates underlying tDCS-induced modulation. Future research with larger sample sizes for carrying out subgroup analysis is necessary in order to decipher interindividual differences in tDCS-induced effects on sequential decision-making process at the behavioral and brain levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Schommartz
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annika Dix
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Passow
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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126
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Zuniga JM, Pierce JE, Copeland C, Cortes-Reyes C, Salazar D, Wang Y, Arun KM, Huppert T. Brain lateralization in children with upper-limb reduction deficiency. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 33536034 PMCID: PMC7860186 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of upper-limb prostheses on brain activity and gross dexterity in children with congenital unilateral upper-limb reduction deficiencies (ULD) compared to typically developing children (TD). METHODS Five children with ULD (3 boys, 2 girls, 8.76 ± 3.37 years of age) and five age- and sex-matched TD children (3 boys, 2 girls, 8.96 ± 3.23 years of age) performed a gross manual dexterity task (Box and Block Test) while measuring brain activity (functional near-infrared spectroscopy; fNIRS). RESULTS There were no significant differences (p = 0.948) in gross dexterity performance between the ULD group with prosthesis (7.23 ± 3.37 blocks per minute) and TD group with the prosthetic simulator (7.63 ± 5.61 blocks per minute). However, there was a significant (p = 0.001) difference in Laterality Index (LI) between the ULD group with prosthesis (LI = - 0.2888 ± 0.0205) and TD group with simulator (LI = 0.0504 ± 0.0296) showing in a significant ipsilateral control for the ULD group. Thus, the major finding of the present investigation was that children with ULD, unlike the control group, showed significant activation in the ipsilateral motor cortex on the non-preferred side using a prosthesis during a gross manual dexterity task. CONCLUSIONS This ipsilateral response may be a compensation strategy in which the existing cortical representations of the non-affected (preferred) side are been used by the affected (non-preferred) side to operate the prosthesis. This study is the first to report altered lateralization in children with ULD while using a prosthesis. Trial registration The clinical trial (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04110730 and unique protocol ID: IRB # 614-16-FB) was registered on October 1, 2019 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04110730 ) and posted on October 1, 2019. The study start date was January 10, 2020. The first participant was enrolled on January 14, 2020, and the trial is scheduled to be completed by August 23, 2023. The trial was updated January 18, 2020 and is currently recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Zuniga
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - James E Pierce
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Claudia Cortes-Reyes
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - David Salazar
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - YingYing Wang
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders (SECD), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68182, USA
| | - K M Arun
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Theodore Huppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 16148, USA
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127
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Coelho DB, Bazán PR, Zimeo Morais GA, Balardin JB, Batista AX, de Oliveira CEN, Los Angeles E, Bernardo C, Sato JR, de Lima-Pardini AC. Frontal Hemodynamic Response During Step Initiation Under Cognitive Conflict in Older and Young Healthy People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:216-223. [PMID: 32427282 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait initiation is a daily challenge even for healthy individuals as it requires the timely coupling between the automatic anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) and the voluntary step according to the context. Modulation of this motor event has been thought to involve higher level brain control, including cognitive inhibitory circuitries. Despite the known participation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the modulation of some parameters of APA, the participation of areas controlling inhibition during gait initiation still needs to be investigated. In this study, the hemodynamic responses of the SMA and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a gait initiation task under cognitive conflict to select the foot to step (congruent [CON] and incongruent [INC] conditions). The older group (OG) showed worse inhibitory control than the young group (YG) along with more impairments in APA parameters. OG also had a lower amplitude of hemodynamic responses in both areas than YG in the INC. The INC increased the correlation between SMA and DLPFC only in the YG. Aging seems to impair the interaction between the hemodynamic responses of SMA and DLPFC, which influences APA performance in gait initiation under cognitive conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rodrigo Bazán
- Big Data Analytics - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alana Xavier Batista
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuele Los Angeles
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudionor Bernardo
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea C de Lima-Pardini
- Laboratory of Integrative Motor Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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128
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Galli A, Brigadoi S, Giorgi G, Sparacino G, Narduzzi C. Accurate hemodynamic response estimation by removal of stimulus-evoked superficial response in fNIRS signals. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33440365 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abdb3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveWe address the problem of hemodynamic response estimation when task-evoked extra-cerebral components are present in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals. These components might bias the hemodynamic response estimation, therefore careful and accurate denoising of data is needed.ApproachWe propose a dictionary-based algorithm to process every single event-related segment of the acquired signal for both long separation and short separation channels. Stimulus-evoked components and physiological noise are modeled by means of two distinct waveform dictionaries. For each segment, after removal of the physiological noise component in each channel, a template is employed to estimate stimulus-evoked responses in both channels. Then, the estimate from the short-separation channel is employed to correct for the evoked superficial response and refine the hemodynamic response estimate from the long-separation channel.Main resultsAnalysis of simulated, semi-simulated and real data shows that, by averaging single-segment estimates over multiple trials in an experiment, reliable results and improved accuracy compared to other methods can be obtained. The average estimation error of the proposed method for the semi-simulated data set is 34% for HbO and 78% for HbR, considering 40 trials. The proposed method outperforms the results of the methods proposed in the literature. While still far from the possibility of single-trial hemodynamic response estimation, a significant reduction in the number of averaged trials can also be obtained.SignificanceThis work proves that dedicated dictionaries can be successfully employed to model all different components of fNIRS signals. It demonstrates the effectiveness of a specifically designed algorithm structure in dealing with a complex denoising problem, enhancing the possibilities of fNIRS-based hemodynamic response analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Information Engineering, University of Padova School of Engineering, Via Gradenigo 6b, Padova, 35131, ITALY
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, ITALY
| | - Giada Giorgi
- Department of Information Enginnering, University of Padua, via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, Padova, Padova, 35122, ITALY
| | - Giovanni Sparacino
- Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35122, ITALY
| | - Claudio Narduzzi
- Information Engineering, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo, 6/b, Padova, I-35131, ITALY
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129
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Geissler CF, Schneider J, Frings C. Shedding light on the prefrontal correlates of mental workload in simulated driving: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 33436950 PMCID: PMC7804012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal mental workload plays a key role in driving performance. Thus, driver-assisting systems that automatically adapt to a drivers current mental workload via brain-computer interfacing might greatly contribute to traffic safety. To design economic brain computer interfaces that do not compromise driver comfort, it is necessary to identify brain areas that are most sensitive to mental workload changes. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and subjective ratings to measure mental workload in two virtual driving environments with distinct demands. We found that demanding city environments induced both higher subjective workload ratings as well as higher bilateral middle frontal gyrus activation than less demanding country environments. A further analysis with higher spatial resolution revealed a center of activation in the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The area is highly involved in spatial working memory processing. Thus, a main component of drivers' mental workload in complex surroundings might stem from the fact that large amounts of spatial information about the course of the road as well as other road users has to constantly be upheld, processed and updated. We propose that the right middle frontal gyrus might be a suitable region for the application of powerful small-area brain computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörn Schneider
- Department of Computer Science, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Schneidershof, 54293, Trier, Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany
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130
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Yücel MA, Lühmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, Boas D, Cooper RJ, Culver J, Elwell CE, Eggebrecht A, Franceschini MA, Grova C, Homae F, Lesage F, Obrig H, Tachtsidis I, Tak S, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Wabnitz H, Wolf M. Best practices for fNIRS publications. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:012101. [PMID: 33442557 PMCID: PMC7793571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications within different populations and utilizes a great variety of experimental paradigms. With the rapid growth and the diversification of research methods, some inconsistencies are appearing in the way in which methods are presented, which can make the interpretation and replication of studies unnecessarily challenging. The Society for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy has thus been motivated to organize a representative (but not exhaustive) group of leaders in the field to build a consensus on the best practices for describing the methods utilized in fNIRS studies. Our paper has been designed to provide guidelines to help enhance the reliability, repeatability, and traceability of reported fNIRS studies and encourage best practices throughout the community. A checklist is provided to guide authors in the preparation of their manuscripts and to assist reviewers when evaluating fNIRS papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexander v. Lühmann
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judit Gervain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
- Università di Padova, Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, Drexel Solutions Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Eggebrecht
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Maria A. Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christophe Grova
- Concordia University, Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital Leipzig, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Tak
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Ochang, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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131
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Rösch SA, Schmidt R, Lührs M, Ehlis AC, Hesse S, Hilbert A. Evidence of fNIRS-Based Prefrontal Cortex Hypoactivity in Obesity and Binge-Eating Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 11:E19. [PMID: 33375315 PMCID: PMC7823505 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OB) and associated binge-eating disorder (BED) show increased impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. Albeit well-established in neuropsychiatric research, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has rarely been used to study OB and BED. Here, we investigated fNIRS-based food-specific brain signalling, its association with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation, and the temporal variability in individuals with OB with and without BED compared to an age- and sex-stratified normal weight (NW) group. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) responses were recorded in individuals with OB (n = 15), OB + BED (n = 13), and NW (n = 12) in a passive viewing and a response inhibition task. Impulsivity and emotional dysregulation were self-reported; anthropometrics were objectively measured. The OB and NW groups were measured twice 7 days apart. Relative to the NW group, the OB and OB + BED groups showed PFC hyporesponsivity across tasks, whereas there were few significant differences between the OB and OB + BED groups. Greater levels of impulsivity were significantly associated with stronger PFC responses, while more emotional dysregulation was significantly associated with lower PFC responses. Temporal differences were found in the left orbitofrontal cortex responses, yet in opposite directions in the OB and NW groups. This study demonstrated diminished fNIRS-based PFC responses across OB phenotypes relative to a NW group. The association between impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and PFC hypoactivity supports the assumption that BED constitutes a specific OB phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Rösch
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Michael Lührs
- Brain Innovation B.V., Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
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132
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Yeung MK. An optical window into brain function in children and adolescents: A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117672. [PMID: 33359349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, our understanding of functional brain development throughout childhood and adolescence remains limited due to the challenges posed by certain neuroimaging modalities. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to elucidate the neural basis of cognitive and socioemotional development and identify the factors shaping these types of development. This article, focusing on the fNIRS methods, presents an up-to-date systematic review of fNIRS studies addressing the effects of age and other factors on brain functions in children and adolescents. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO. A total of 79 fNIRS studies involving healthy individuals aged 3-17 years that were published in peer-reviewed journals in English before July 2020 were included. Six methodological aspects of these studies were evaluated, including the research design, experimental paradigm, fNIRS measurement, data preprocessing, statistical analysis, and result presentation. The risk of bias, such as selective outcome reporting, was assessed throughout the review. A qualitative synthesis of study findings in terms of the factor effects on changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration was also performed. This unregistered review highlights the strengths and limitations of the existing literature and suggests directions for future research to facilitate the improved use of fNIRS in developmental cognitive neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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133
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Krishnamurthy K, Yeung MK, Chan AS, Han YMY. Effortful Control and Prefrontal Cortex Functioning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E880. [PMID: 33233632 PMCID: PMC7699801 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effortful control (EC) is an important dimension of temperament, but is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While EC is associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning in typically developing (TD) children, it is unclear whether EC deficits are associated with PFC dysfunction in ASD. This study examines the relationship between EC and PFC activation and connectivity in children with high-functioning ASD. Thirty-nine right-handed children (ASD: n = 20; TD: n = 19) aged 8-12 years were recruited. The EC level was assessed with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R), and PFC functioning, in terms of activation and connectivity during a frontal-sensitive (n-back) task, was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Children with ASD showed a significant deficit in EC and its related constructs (i.e., executive, and socioemotional functions) compared to TD controls. They also showed significantly increased overall PFC activation and reduced right frontal connectivity during the n-back task. Among children with ASD, the EC level correlated significantly with neither PFC activation nor connectivity; it significantly correlated with social functioning only. This study demonstrated EC deficits and altered PFC functioning in children with ASD, but the exact neural basis of EC deficits remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.); (M.K.Y.)
| | - Michael K. Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.); (M.K.Y.)
| | - Agnes S. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yvonne M. Y. Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.); (M.K.Y.)
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134
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Pollonini L, Hernandez SAM, Park L, Miao H, Mathis K, Ahn H. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess Central Pain Responses in a Nonpharmacologic Treatment Trial of Osteoarthritis. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:808-814. [PMID: 32896933 PMCID: PMC7719610 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common source of pain in older adults. Although OA-induced pain can be relieved with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, the current opioid epidemic is fostering the exploration of nonpharmacologic strategies for pain mitigation. Amongs these, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness-based meditation (MBM) hold potential for pain-relief efficacy due to their neuromodulatory effects of the central nervous system, which is known to play a fundamental role in pain perception and processing. METHODS In this double-blind study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of tDCS combined with MBM on underlying pain processing mechanisms at the central nervous level in older adults with knee OA. Nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to two groups undergoing a 10-day active tDCS and MBM regimen and a sham tDCS and MBM regimen, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that the neuromodulatory intervention significantly relieved pain only in the group receiving active treatment. We also found that only the active treatment group showed a significant increase in oxyhemoglobin activation of the superior motor and somatosensory cortices colocated to the placement of the tDCS anodal electrode. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the combined effect of tDCS and MBM is investigated using fNIRS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, fNIRS can be effectively used to investigate neural mechanisms of pain at the cortical level in association with nonpharmacological, self-administered treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lindsey Park
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongyu Miao
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Mathis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyochol Ahn
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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135
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Memmini AK, Sun X, Hu X, Kim J, Herzog NK, Islam MN, Weissman DH, Rogers AJ, Kovelman I, Broglio SP. Persistent alterations of cortical hemodynamic response in asymptomatic concussed patients. Concussion 2020; 6:CNC84. [PMID: 33976899 PMCID: PMC8097509 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The underlying neurophysiological effects of concussion often result in attenuated cognitive and cortical function. To understand the relation between cognition and brain injury, we investigated the effects of concussion on attentional networks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). MATERIALS & METHODS Healthy controls and concussed patients, tested within 72 h from injury (T1) and after symptoms resolved (T2) completed a computerized attention task during fNIRS imaging. RESULTS T1 patients exhibited slower reaction times and reduced brain activation pattern relative to healthy controls. Interestingly, the cortical oxygenation hemoglobin response at T2 was greater relative to T1 and healthy controls, while reaction time was normative. CONCLUSION The exploratory findings of this study suggest once asymptomatic, a compensatory hemodynamic response may support the restoration of reaction time despite ongoing physiological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyssa K Memmini
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaosu Hu
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessica Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noelle K Herzog
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mohammed N Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel H Weissman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander J Rogers
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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136
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Aumen AM, Oberg KJ, Mingils SM, Berkner CB, Tracy BL, Stephens JA. Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33074251 DOI: 10.3791/61678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual task paradigms simultaneously assess motor and cognitive abilities, and they can detect subtle, residual impairments in athletes with recent mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, past dual task paradigms have focused solely on lower extremity skills and have relied on cumbersome, expensive laboratory equipment - thus limiting their practicality for everyday mTBI evaluation. Subsequently, we developed the Dual Task Screen (DTS), which takes <10 minutes to administer and score, uses low-cost portable equipment, and includes lower extremity (LE) and upper extremity (UE) subtasks. The purpose of this manuscript was twofold. First, we describe the administration protocol for the revised DTS, which we revised to address the limitations of the original DTS. Specifically, the revisions included additions of smart devices to acquire more detailed gait data and inclusion of single cognitive conditions to test for disrupted cognitive performance under dual task conditions. Importantly, the revised DTS is a measure intended for future clinical use, and we present representative results from three male athletes to illustrate the type of clinical data that can be acquired from the measure. Importantly, we have yet to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the revised DTS in athletes with mTBI, which is the next research initiative. The second purpose of this manuscript is to describe a neuroimaging-compatible version of the DTS. We developed this version so we could evaluate the neural underpinnings of single and dual task performance, for a better empirical understanding of the behavioral deficits associated with mTBI. Thus, this manuscript also describes the steps we took to enable simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement during the DTS, along with how we acquired and completed first-level processing of the fNIRS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Aumen
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University
| | - Kelly J Oberg
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University
| | | | | | - Brian L Tracy
- Dept. of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University
| | - Jaclyn A Stephens
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University; Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University;
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137
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Sukal-Moulton T, de Campos AC, Alter KE, Damiano DL. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy to assess sensorimotor cortical activity during hand squeezing and ankle dorsiflexion in individuals with and without bilateral and unilateral cerebral palsy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:045001. [PMID: 33062800 PMCID: PMC7536541 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Our study is the first comparison of brain activation patterns during motor tasks across unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP), and typical development (TD) to elucidate neural mechanisms and inform rehabilitation strategies. Aim: Cortical activation patterns were compared for distal upper and lower extremity tasks in UCP, BCP, and TD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and related to functional severity. Approach: Individuals with UCP ( n = 10 , 18.8 ± 6.8 years ), BCP ( n = 14 , 17.5 ± 9.6 years ), and TD ( n = 16 , 17.3 ± 9.1 years ) participated in this cross-sectional cohort study. The fNIRS was used to noninvasively monitor the hemodynamic response to task-related cortical activation. The block design involved repetitive nondominant hand squeezing and ankle dorsiflexion. Results: Individuals with UCP demonstrated the highest levels of activation for the squeeze task ( UCP > BCP q = 0.049 ; BCP > TD q < 0.001 ; and UCP > TD q = 0.001 ) and more activity in the ipsilateral versus contralateral hemisphere. Individuals with BCP showed the highest levels of cortical activation in the dorsiflexion task ( BCP > UCP q < 0.001 ; BCP > TD ). Conclusions: Grouping by CP subtype and manual function or mobility level demonstrated significant differences from TD, even for individuals with the mildest forms of CP. Hemispheric activation patterns showed hypothesized but nonsignificant trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sukal-Moulton
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ana C. de Campos
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Katharine E. Alter
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Diane L. Damiano
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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138
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Siddiquee MR, Atri R, Marquez JS, Hasan SMS, Ramon R, Bai O. Sensor Location Optimization of Wireless Wearable fNIRS System for Cognitive Workload Monitoring Using a Data-Driven Approach for Improved Wearability. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5082. [PMID: 32906737 PMCID: PMC7570614 DOI: 10.3390/s20185082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a hemodynamic modality in human cognitive workload assessment receiving popularity due to its easier implementation, non-invasiveness, low cost and other benefits from the signal-processing point of view. Wearable wireless fNIRS systems used in research have promisingly shown that fNIRS could be used in cognitive workload assessment in out-of-the-lab scenarios, such as in operators' cognitive workload monitoring. In such a scenario, the wearability of the system is a significant factor affecting user comfort. In this respect, the wearability of the system can be improved if it is possible to minimize an fNIRS system without much compromise of the cognitive workload detection accuracy. In this study, cognitive workload-related hemodynamic changes were acquired using an fNIRS system covering the whole forehead, which is the region of interest in most cognitive workload-monitoring studies. A machine learning approach was applied to explore how the mean accuracy of the cognitive workload classification accuracy varied across various sensing locations on the forehead such as the Left, Mid, Right, Left-Mid, Right-Mid and Whole forehead. The statistical significance analysis result showed that the Mid location could result in significant cognitive workload classification accuracy compared to Whole forehead sensing, with a statistically insignificant difference in the mean accuracy. Thus, the wearable fNIRS system can be improved in terms of wearability by optimizing the sensor location, considering the sensing of the Mid location on the forehead for cognitive workload monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masudur R. Siddiquee
- Human Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA; (R.A.); (J.S.M.); (S.M.S.H.); (R.R.); (O.B.)
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139
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Novi SL, Forero EJ, Rubianes Silva JAI, de Souza NGSR, Martins GG, Quiroga A, Wu ST, Mesquita RC. Integration of Spatial Information Increases Reproducibility in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:746. [PMID: 32848543 PMCID: PMC7399018 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is developed as a neuroimaging technique and becomes an option to study a variety of populations and tasks, the reproducibility of the fNIRS signal is still subject of debate. By performing test-retest protocols over different functional tasks, several studies agree that the fNIRS signal is reproducible over group analysis, but the inter-subject and within-subject reproducibility is poor. The high variability at the first statistical level is often attributed to global systemic physiology. In the present work, we revisited the reproducibility of the fNIRS signal during a finger-tapping task across multiple sessions on the same and different days. We expanded on previous studies by hypothesizing that the lack of spatial information of the optodes contributes to the low reproducibility in fNIRS, and we incorporated a real-time neuronavigation protocol to provide accurate cortical localization of the optodes. Our proposed approach was validated in 10 healthy volunteers, and our results suggest that the addition of neuronavigation can increase the within-subject reproducibility of the fNIRS data, particularly in the region of interest. Unlike traditional approaches to positioning the optodes, in which low intra-subject reproducibility has been found, we were able to obtain consistent and robust activation of the contralateral primary motor cortex at the intra-subject level using a neuronavigation protocol. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the variability in fNIRS cannot be only attributed to global systemic physiology. The use of neuronavigation to guide probe positioning, as proposed in this work, has impacts to longitudinal protocols performed with fNIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Luiz Novi
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edwin Johan Forero
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Angel Ivan Rubianes Silva
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Gabriel S. R. de Souza
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovani Grisotti Martins
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andres Quiroga
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Shin-Ting Wu
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
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140
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Chen WL, Wagner J, Heugel N, Sugar J, Lee YW, Conant L, Malloy M, Heffernan J, Quirk B, Zinos A, Beardsley SA, Prost R, Whelan HT. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Clinical Application in the Field of Neuroscience: Advances and Future Directions. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:724. [PMID: 32742257 PMCID: PMC7364176 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) detects the changes of hemoglobin species inside the brain, but via differences in optical absorption. Within the near-infrared spectrum, light can penetrate biological tissues and be absorbed by chromophores, such as oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. What makes fNIRS more advantageous is its portability and potential for long-term monitoring. This paper reviews the basic mechanisms of fNIRS and its current clinical applications, the limitations toward more widespread clinical usage of fNIRS, and current efforts to improve the temporal and spatial resolution of fNIRS toward robust clinical usage within subjects. Oligochannel fNIRS is adequate for estimating global cerebral function and it has become an important tool in the critical care setting for evaluating cerebral oxygenation and autoregulation in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury. When it comes to a more sophisticated utilization, spatial and temporal resolution becomes critical. Multichannel NIRS has improved the spatial resolution of fNIRS for brain mapping in certain task modalities, such as language mapping. However, averaging and group analysis are currently required, limiting its clinical use for monitoring and real-time event detection in individual subjects. Advances in signal processing have moved fNIRS toward individual clinical use for detecting certain types of seizures, assessing autonomic function and cortical spreading depression. However, its lack of accuracy and precision has been the major obstacle toward more sophisticated clinical use of fNIRS. The use of high-density whole head optode arrays, precise sensor locations relative to the head, anatomical co-registration, short-distance channels, and multi-dimensional signal processing can be combined to improve the sensitivity of fNIRS and increase its use as a wide-spread clinical tool for the robust assessment of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Wagner
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nicholas Heugel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeffrey Sugar
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lisa Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marsha Malloy
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Joseph Heffernan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brendan Quirk
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anthony Zinos
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert Prost
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Harry T Whelan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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141
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Santosa H, Zhai X, Fishburn F, Sparto PJ, Huppert TJ. Quantitative comparison of correction techniques for removing systemic physiological signal in functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035009. [PMID: 32995361 PMCID: PMC7511246 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Isolating task-evoked brain signals from background physiological noise (e.g., cardiac, respiratory, and blood pressure fluctuations) poses a major challenge for the analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. Aim: The performance of several analytic methods to separate background physiological noise from brain activity including spatial and temporal filtering, regression, component analysis, and the use of short-separation (SS) measurements were quantitatively compared. Approach: Using experimentally recorded background signals (breath-hold task), receiver operating characteristics simulations were performed by adding various levels of additive synthetic "brain" responses in order to examine the sensitivity and specificity of several previously proposed analytic approaches. Results: We found that the use of SS fNIRS channels as regressors of no-interest within a linear regression model was the best performing approach examined. Furthermore, we found that the addition of all available SS data, including all recorded channels and both hemoglobin species, improved the method performance despite the additional degrees-of-freedom of the models. When SS data were not available, we found that principal component filtering using a separate baseline scan was the best alternative. Conclusions: The use of multiple SS measurements as regressors of no interest implemented in a robust, iteratively prewhitened, general linear model has the best performance of the tested existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Santosa
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xuetong Zhai
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Frank Fishburn
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick J. Sparto
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physical Therapy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Theodore J. Huppert
- University of Pittsburgh, Clinical Science Translational Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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142
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Ahn H, Galle K, Mathis KB, Miao H, Montero-Hernandez S, Jackson N, Ju HH, McCrackin H, Goodwin C, Hargraves A, Jain B, Dinh H, Abdul-Mooti S, Park L, Pollonini L. Feasibility and efficacy of remotely supervised cranial electrical stimulation for pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled pilot study. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 77:128-133. [PMID: 32402609 PMCID: PMC7308202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been shown to improve pain. However, few studies have investigated the potential benefits associated with remotely supervised CES in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of remotely supervised CES via secure videoconferencing software on clinical pain severity, experimental pain sensitivity, and pain-related cortical response in older adults with knee OA. Thirty participants with symptomatic knee OA pain were randomly assigned to receive 10 daily sessions (60 min each) of remotely supervised CES (n = 15) or sham CES (n = 15) over two weeks. We measured clinical pain severity via a Numeric Rating Scale, experimental pain sensitivity (e.g., heat pain sensitivity, pressure pain sensitivity, and conditioned pain modulation) using quantitative sensory testing, and pain-related cortical response via functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging. We also measured participant satisfaction with treatment using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. Active CES significantly reduced scores on the Numeric Rating Scale and increased heat pain threshold, pressure pain thresholds, and conditioned pain modulation. We also found significant changes in pain-related cortical hemodynamic activity after CES. Participants tolerated CES well without serious adverse effects and were satisfied with the treatment. Our findings demonstrate promising clinical efficacy of remotely supervised CES for older adults with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyochol Ahn
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kelli Galle
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth B Mathis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongyu Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Natalie Jackson
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hui Ju
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather McCrackin
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Goodwin
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allison Hargraves
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhawna Jain
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Dinh
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Abdul-Mooti
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Park
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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143
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Gorniak SL, Wagner VE, Vaughn K, Perry J, Cox LG, Hernandez AE, Pollonini L. Functional neuroimaging of sensorimotor cortices in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035007. [PMID: 32905073 PMCID: PMC7467056 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Deficits in sensorimotor function in persons with type II diabetes mellitus (PwDM) have traditionally been considered a result of peripheral nerve damage. Emerging evidence has suggested that factors outside of nerve damage due to type II diabetes mellitus, such as impaired hemodynamic function, contribute significantly to both sensory and motor deficits in PwDM. Aim: The focus of the current study was to evaluate functional cortical hemodynamic activity during sensory and motor tasks in PwDM. Approach: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) across the cortex during sensory and motor tasks involving the hands. Results: Decline in HbO across sensory and motor regions of interest was found in PwDM with simultaneous deficits in manual motor tasks, providing the first evidence of functional cortical hemodynamic activity deficits relating to motor dysfunction in PwDM. Similar deficits were neither specifically noted in HbR nor during evaluation of sensory function. Health state indices, such asA 1 c , blood pressure, body mass index, and cholesterol, were found to clarify group effects. Conclusions: Further work is needed to clarify potential sex-based differences in PwDM during motor tasks as well as the root of reduced cortical HbO indices but unchanged HbR indices in PwDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Gorniak
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Victoria E. Wagner
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kelly Vaughn
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jonathan Perry
- University of Houston, Department of Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lauren Gulley Cox
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Arturo E. Hernandez
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Luca Pollonini
- University of Houston, Department of Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, United States
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144
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Joshi S, Herrera RR, Springett DN, Weedon BD, Ramirez DZM, Holloway C, Dawes H, Ayaz H. Neuroergonomic Assessment of Wheelchair Control Using Mobile fNIRS. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2020; 28:1488-1496. [PMID: 32386159 PMCID: PMC7598937 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2020.2992382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
For over two centuries, the wheelchair has been one of the most common assistive devices for individuals with locomotor impairments without many modifications. Wheelchair control is a complex motor task that increases both the physical and cognitive workload. New wheelchair interfaces, including Power Assisted devices, can further augment users by reducing the required physical effort, however little is known on the mental effort implications. In this study, we adopted a neuroergonomic approach utilizing mobile and wireless functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based brain monitoring of physically active participants. 48 volunteers (30 novice and 18 experienced) self-propelled on a wheelchair with and without a PowerAssist interface in both simple and complex realistic environments. Results indicated that as expected, the complex more difficult environment led to lower task performance complemented by higher prefrontal cortex activity compared to the simple environment. The use of the PowerAssist feature had significantly lower brain activation compared to traditional manual control only for novices. Expertise led to a lower brain activation pattern within the middle frontal gyrus, complemented by performance metrics that involve lower cognitive workload. Results here confirm the potential of the Neuroergonomic approach and that direct neural activity measures can complement and enhance task performance metrics. We conclude that the cognitive workload benefits of PowerAssist are more directed to new users and difficult settings. The approach demonstrated here can be utilized in future studies to enable greater personalization and understanding of mobility interfaces within real-world dynamic environments.
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145
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Safyer P, Volling BL, Wagley N, Hu X, Swain JE, Arredondo MM, Kovelman I. More than meets the eye: The neural development of emotion face processing during infancy. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 59:101430. [PMID: 32146254 PMCID: PMC7315358 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of infant temperament and maternal stress on the development of the infant medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) among sixteen 6-8-month-old infants. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure activation of the infant mPFC in response to angry, happy, and sad faces. Infant temperament and dimensions of maternal stress were measured with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and the Parenting Stress Index Respectively. Infants with high negative emotionality demonstrated increased mPFC activation in association with all emotion face conditions. Negative emotionality moderated the effect of total maternal stress on mPFC activation to angry and sad faces. Mother-infant dysfunctional interaction was related to increased mPFC activation associated with happy faces, supporting the "novelty hypothesis", in which the mPFC responds more strongly to unique experiences. Therefore, this study provides additional evidence that infant temperament and the quality of the mother-infant relationship influence the development of the mPFC and how infants process emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaosu Hu
- University of Michigan, United States
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146
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de Campos AC, Sukal-Moulton T, Huppert T, Alter K, Damiano DL. Brain activation patterns underlying upper limb bilateral motor coordination in unilateral cerebral palsy: an fNIRS study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:625-632. [PMID: 32034770 PMCID: PMC8202129 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore cortical activation during bimanual tasks and functional correlates in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD This cross-sectional study included eight participants with unilateral CP (six females, two males; mean age [SD] 20y 10mo [5y 10mo], 13y 8mo-31y 6mo) in Manual Ability Classification System levels II to III and nine age-matched participants with typical development (seven females, two males; mean age [SD] 17y 8mo [5y 7mo], 9y 4mo-24y 2mo). They performed bimanual symmetric squeezing (BSS) and bimanual asymmetric squeezing (BAS) tasks at 1Hz, and a pouring task with dominant hand (DPour) and a pouring task with non-dominant hand (NDPour) at 0.67Hz, all while a custom array of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optodes were placed over their sensorimotor area. Mixed-effects were used to contrast groups, tasks, and hemispheres (corrected p-values [q] reported). Analysis of variance and t-tests compared performance measures across groups and tasks. RESULTS Participants with unilateral CP showed greater activation in both hemispheres during BAS (non-lesioned: q<0.001; lesioned: q<0.001), and in the lesioned hemisphere during BSS (q<0.001), DPour (q=0.02), and NDPour (q=0.02) than those with typical development. The lesioned hemisphere in unilateral CP showed more activity than the non-lesioned one (BSS: q=0.01; BAS: q=0.009; NDPour: q=0.04). During BAS, higher cortical activity correlated with more synchronous arm activation (r=0.79; p=0.02); activity lateralized towards the non-lesioned hemisphere correlated with better Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory computer adaptive test scores (r=0.81; p=0.03). INTERPRETATION Results suggest abnormally increased sensorimotor cortical activity in unilateral CP, with implications to be investigated. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Cortical activity in manual tasks is described with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in typical and atypical cohorts. Activation levels in unilateral cerebral palsy appear to escalate with task difficulty. Increased brain activity may be associated with poorer selective manual control. Specific patterns of brain activity may be related to impaired bimanual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Campos
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Theresa Sukal-Moulton
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theodore Huppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katharine Alter
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane L Damiano
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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147
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Hoppes CW, Huppert TJ, Whitney SL, Dunlap PM, DiSalvio NL, Alshebber KM, Furman JM, Kwon YH, Rosso AL. Changes in Cortical Activation During Dual-Task Walking in Individuals With and Without Visual Vertigo. J Neurol Phys Ther 2020; 44:156-163. [PMID: 32168158 PMCID: PMC7112165 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Persons with vestibular disorders are known to have slower gait speed with greater imbalance and veering during dual-task walking than healthy individuals, but the cerebral mechanisms are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals with visual vertigo (VV) have different cerebral activation during dual-task walking compared with control subjects. METHODS Fourteen individuals with VV and 14 healthy controls (CON) were included (mean 39 years old, 85% women). A cross-sectional experimental study consisting of 4 combinations of 2 surfaces (even and uneven) and 2 task conditions (single- and dual-task) was performed. Participants walked over an even (level flooring) or uneven (wood prisms underneath carpeting) surface, either quietly or while reciting every other letter of the alphabet. Changes in cerebral activation over the bilateral prefrontal cortices were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during 4 task conditions relative to quiet standing. Gait speed and cognitive performance were recorded. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in cognitive performance. Both groups slowed when walking on an uneven surface or performing a dual-task; participants in the VV group walked more slowly than those in the CON group in all conditions. Participants with VV had decreased cerebral activation in the bilateral prefrontal regions in comparison to CON participants in all conditions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Participants with VV had lower prefrontal cortex activation than CON participants during dual-task walking. Lower cortical activity in those with VV may be due to shifted attention away from the cognitive task to prioritize maintenance of dynamic balance.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A303).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie W. Hoppes
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nikki L. DiSalvio
- University of Southern California/Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yong H. Kwon
- Yeungnam University College, Nam-gu, Daegu, South Korea
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148
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Pollonini L, Miao H, Ahn H. Longitudinal effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on knee osteoarthritis patients measured by functional infrared spectroscopy: a pilot study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:025004. [PMID: 32411812 PMCID: PMC7203445 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease causing chronic pain and functional alterations (stiffness and swelling) in the elderly population. OA is currently treated pharmacologically with analgesics, although neuromodulation via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently generated a growing interest as a safe side-effect free treatment alternative or a complement to medications for chronic pain conditions. Although a number of studies have shown that tDCS has a beneficial effect on behavioral measures of pain, the mechanistic action of neuromodulation on pain sensitivity and coping at the central nervous system is not well understood. Aim: We aimed at observing longitudinal changes of cortical hemodynamics in older adults with knee OA associated with a two-week-long tDCS self-treatment protocol. Approach: Hemodynamics was measured bilaterally in the motor and somatosensory cortices with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in response to thermal pain induced ipsilaterally to the knee primarily affected by OA. Results: We found that both oxyhemoglobin- and deoxyhemoglobin-related functional activations significantly increased during the course of the tDCS treatment, supporting the notion that tDCS yields an increased cortical excitability. Concurrently, clinical measures of pain decreased with tDCS treatment, hinting at a potential spatial dissociation between cortically mediated pain perception and suppression and the prevalence of neuromodulatory effects over cortical pain processing. Conclusions: fNIRS is a valid method for objectively tracking pain in an ambulatory setting and it could potentially be used to inform strategies for optimized tDCS treatment and to develop innovative tDCS protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- University of Houston, Department of Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Houston, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Hongyu Miao
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Hyochol Ahn
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, Texas, United States
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149
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Geissler Geißler CF, Hofmann MJ, Frings C. It is more than Interference: Examining the neurohemodynamic correlates of the flanker task with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3022-3031. [PMID: 32090396 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies using the Eriksen flanker task, in contrast to functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, revealed the quite puzzling finding of an inverted conflict effect, that is, greater middle and superior frontal activation in response compatible than in response incompatible trials. However, since neither prior functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies nor most previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies separated between an identical and a compatible condition, it is hard to pinpoint whether this discrepancy occurs on the level of stimulus processing or response generation. By assigning two letters to both left (D, F) and right (J, K) hand reactions, we were able to separate identical (e.g., JJJ) and compatible (e.g., JKJ) conditions that solely differ in their stimulus congruency. Replicating prior functional magnetic resonance imaging findings, we found the standard conflict effect at the transition of superior and middle frontal gyrus, when comparing the activation in compatible trials to that in incompatible trials. Both changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin thus pointed to more effortful processing in incompatible trials. Interestingly, however, identical trials showed the highest activation in this region, according to both changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. A finding that mirrors and extends prior functional near-infrared spectroscopy findings, which only regarded oxygenated blood. We argue that this pattern of results does not reflect the standard conflict effect. We rather assume that other processes like perceptual familiarity or strategic readjustment might be at play.
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150
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Luo Q, Misaki M, Mulyana B, Wong CK, Bodurka J. Improved autoregressive model for correction of noise serial correlation in fast fMRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1293-1305. [PMID: 32060948 PMCID: PMC7263980 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In rapidly acquired functional MRI (fast fMRI) data, the noise serial correlations (SC) can produce problematically overestimated T-statistics which lead to invalid statistical inferences. This study aims to evaluate and improve the accuracy of high-order autoregressive model (AR(p), where p is the model order) based prewhitening method in the SC correction. METHODS Fast fMRI images were acquired at rest (null data) using a multiband simultaneous multi-slice echo planar imaging pulse sequence with repetition time (TR) = 300 and 500 ms. The SC effect in the fast fMRI data was corrected using the prewhitening method based on two AR(p) models: (1) the conventional model (fixed AR(p)) which preselects a constant p for all the image voxels; (2) an improved model (ARAICc ) that employs the corrected Akaike information criterion voxel-wise to automatically select the model orders for each voxel. To evaluate accuracy of SC correction, false positive characteristics were measured by assuming the presence of block and event-related tasks in the null data without image smoothing. The performance of prewhitening was also examined in smoothed images by adding pseudo task fMRI signals into the null data and comparing the detected to simulated activations (ground truth). RESULTS The measured false positive characteristics agreed well with the theoretical curve when using the ARAICc , and the activation maps in the smoothed data matched the ground truth. The ARAICc showed improved performance than the fixed AR(p) method. CONCLUSION The ARAICc can effectively remove noise SC, and accurate statistical analysis results can be obtained with the ARAICc correction in fast fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Luo
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ben Mulyana
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chung-Ki Wong
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson School for Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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