101
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Pini-Fitzsimmons J, Raoult V, Gaston T, Knott NA, Brown C. Diving into the diet of provisioned smooth stingrays using stable isotope analysis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1206-1218. [PMID: 36880179 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fishing waste, produced from processing catches at shore-based fish cleaning facilities and discarded into adjacent waters, is foraged by various aquatic species. However, the potential alterations to the diet of consumers of these resources are poorly studied. Smooth stingrays (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) are a large demersal mesopredatory ray species and common scavenger of recreational fishing discards around southern Australia. Due to their attraction to fish cleaning sites, they are also common targets of unregulated 'stingray feeding' tourism where they are fed commercially produced baits (e.g., pilchards). This study provides a preliminary assessment of the diet of smooth stingrays provisioned recreational fishing discards and baits at two sites in southern New South Wales, Australia (Discard Site: recreational fishing discards only; Provisioning Site: recreational fishing discards and commercial baits) using stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N), and Bayesian stable isotope mixing models. Our results indicate that at both sites invertebrates, considered a main part of the natural diet of smooth stingrays, made a limited contribution to the diets of provisioned stingrays, while a benthic teleost fish that is a common recreational catch was the dominant contributor. As the assessed teleost is potentially a natural prey item for smooth stingrays, it remains unclear whether the contribution came from recreational fishing discards or natural foraging. However, due to smooth stingrays' typically opportunistic foraging strategy, we expected a greater mixture of resources from low to high trophic level prey than was observed. These results suggest that smooth stingrays have either lower reliance on invertebrates as a result of utilizing provisioned resources or higher reliance on teleost fishes than previously thought. Commercial bait products fed to stingrays at the Provisioning Site were not a major contributor to the diets of smooth stingrays, suggesting this activity has a low impact on their nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Marine Ecosystems Unit, Fisheries Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Huskisson, NSW, Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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102
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Tang A, Fang Y, Misselbrook T, Liu X. Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia at 16 Sites in China Using a Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model Based on δ 15N-NH x Signatures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6599-6608. [PMID: 37039455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Reducing atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions is critical to mitigating poor air quality. However, the contributions of major agricultural and non-agricultural source emissions to NH3 at receptor sites remain uncertain in many regions, hindering the assessment and implementation of effective NH3 reduction strategies. This study conducted simultaneous measurements of the monthly concentrations and stable nitrogen isotopes of NHx (gaseous NH3 plus particulate NH4+) at 16 sites across China. Ambient NHx concentrations averaged 21.7 ± 19.6 μg m-3 at rural sites, slightly higher than those at urban (19.2 ± 6.0 μg m-3) and three times of those at background (7.0 ± 6.9 μg m-3) sites. Based on revised δ15N values of the initial NH3, source apportionment results indicated that non-agricultural sources (traffic and waste) and agricultural sources (fertilizer and livestock) contributed 54 and 46% to NH3 at urban sites, 51 and 49% at rural sites, and 61 and 39% at background sites, respectively. Non-agricultural sources contributed more to NH3 at rural and background sites in cold than warm seasons, arising from traffic and waste, but were similar across seasons at urban sites. We concluded that non-agricultural sources need to be addressed when reducing ambient NH3 across China, even in rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | | | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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103
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Kiszka JJ, Caputo M, Vollenweider J, Heithaus MR, Aichienger Dias L, Garrison LP. Critically endangered Rice's whales (Balaenoptera ricei) selectively feed on high-quality prey in the Gulf of Mexico. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6710. [PMID: 37185970 PMCID: PMC10130045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the drivers of prey selection in marine predators is critical when investigating ecosystem structure and function. The newly recognized Rice's whale (Balaenoptera ricei) is one of the most critically endangered large whales in the world and endemic to the industrialized Gulf of Mexico. Here, we investigated the drivers of resource selection by Rice's whales in relation to prey availability and energy density. Bayesian stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) mixing models suggest that Rice's whales feed primarily on a schooling fish, Ariomma bondi (66.8% relative contribution). Prey selection using the Chesson's index revealed that active prey selection was found to be positive for three out of the four potential prey identified in the mixing model. A low degree of overlap between prey availability and diet inferred from the mixing model (Pianka Index: 0.333) suggests that prey abundance is not the primary driver of prey selection. Energy density data suggest that prey selection may be primarily driven by the energy content. Results from this study indicate that Rice's whales are selective predators consuming schooling prey with the highest energy content. Environmental changes in the region have the potential to influence prey species that would make them less available to Rice's whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Michelle Caputo
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Aichienger Dias
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Miami, FL, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lance P Garrison
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Miami, FL, USA
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104
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Zhulay I, Iken K, Renaud PE, Kosobokova K, Bluhm BA. Reduced efficiency of pelagic-benthic coupling in the Arctic deep sea during lower ice cover. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6739. [PMID: 37185804 PMCID: PMC10130029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelagic-benthic coupling describes the connection between surface-water production and seafloor habitats via energy, nutrient and mass exchange. Massive ice loss and warming in the poorly studied Arctic Chukchi Borderland are hypothesized to affect this coupling. The strength of pelagic-benthic coupling was compared between 2 years varying in climate settings, 2005 and 2016, based on δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes of food-web end-members and pelagic and deep-sea benthic consumers. Considerably higher isotopic niche overlap and generally shorter isotopic distance were found between pelagic and benthic food web components in 2005 than in 2016, suggesting weaker coupling in the latter, low-ice year. δ15N values indicated more refractory food consumed by benthos in 2016 and fresher food reaching the seafloor in 2005. Higher δ13C values of zooplankton indirectly suggested a higher contribution of ice algae in 2005 than 2016. The difference in pelagic-benthic coupling between these years is consistent with higher energy retention within the pelagic system, perhaps due to strong stratification in the Amerasian Basin in the recent decade. Weaker coupling to the benthos can be expected to continue with ice loss in the study area, perhaps reducing benthic biomass and remineralization capacity; monitoring of the area is needed to confirm this prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zhulay
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Katrin Iken
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Paul E Renaud
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Ksenia Kosobokova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bodil A Bluhm
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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105
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Wang W, Yu Z, Song X, Chi L, Wu Z, Yuan Y. Nitrate dynamics and source apportionment on the East China Sea shelf revealed by nitrate stable isotopes and a Bayesian mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161762. [PMID: 36702274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The excess input of nitrate is one of the primary factors triggering nearshore eutrophication. To estimate the source apportionment of nitrate on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf, the nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) collected in winter and late spring 2016 were analyzed alongside essential physical, chemical and biological parameters. The temporal and spatial distributions and characteristic values of nitrate-bearing water masses were presented. Accordingly, the end-member mixing model and Rayleigh model were applied to systematically analyze biogeochemical processes. The biogeochemical processes of nitrate were weak in winter, except in the southern ECS, where assimilation and nitrification probably occurred. In contrast, the biogeochemical processes were intensive in spring. The stable isotopic fractionations of N and O were unified in the whole area, and the ratio between δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NO3- was 1.81 ± 0.04, which indicated significant assimilation accompanying nitrification in spring. Furthermore, a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to reveal the source contributions of nitrate on the ECS shelf for the first time, demonstrating that the Changjiang Diluted Water and Kuroshio Subsurface Water were always sustained and provided steady nitrate sources for the whole ECS. The nitrate inputs from the Yellow Sea to the northern ECS increased from approximately 30 % in spring to nearly 70 % in winter, while that from the Taiwan Strait Warm Water to the southern ECS decreased from approximately 40 % in spring to zero in winter. Moreover, although the nitrate contributions from nitrification were significantly weak in the middle and northern ECS during winter, they were important over the entire ECS during spring. This study qualitatively and quantitatively improves the understanding of seasonal nitrate control from various sources, and these findings are important for nutrient management and policy making to mitigate nearshore eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianbao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zaixing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongquan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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106
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Cao X, He W, He W, Shi Y, An T, Wang X, Liu F, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Chen C, He J. EMMTE: An Excel VBA tool for source apportionment of nitrate based on the stable isotope mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161728. [PMID: 36681342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual nitrate stable isotopes combined with end-member mixing models are typically used to identify nitrate sources in fields of geochemistry and environmental science, which helps to quantitively depict the geochemical behaviors of nitrate and accurately control the sources of nitrate pollution in waters. Recently, various models with different computation principles, working efficiency, and operation difficulty have been developed and applied in the source apportionment of nitrate. In this paper, an end-member mixing model tool on Excel™, namely EMMTE, has been written with Visual Basic for Application (VBA) and built into a macro-enabled Excel™ spreadsheet. Monte Carlo simulation and constraint relative deviation between the observed and the predicted values were included in the working algorithm to solve the mass balance equation. After comparison with the internationally recognized Bayesian framework (mixing stable isotope analysis in R, MixSIAR) in different cases (three practical cases and one virtual case), the preliminary results showed that the contribution of various sources to groundwater nitrate calculated by EMMTE was highly consistent with that by MixSIAR and the performance of EMMTE seemed to be as good as that of MixSIAR as indicated by the higher goodness-of-prediction, lower root-mean-square error, and lower relative deviation. Therefore, EMMTE is applicable in the source apportionment of groundwater nitrate, and might also be extended to other water bodies and mixtures. It provides a simple, feasible, and user-friendly for front-line workers without experience with MixSIAR to quantitively source apportionment of nitrate in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tongyan An
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiange Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuibai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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107
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Li X, Xu YJ, Ni M, Wang C, Li S. Riverine nitrate source and transformation as affected by land use and land cover. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115380. [PMID: 36716803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A mixed land use/land cover (LULC) catchment increases the complexity of sources and transformations of nitrate in rivers. Spatial paucity of sampling particularly low-resolution sampling in tributaries can result in a bias for identifying nitrate sources and transformations. In this study, high spatial resolution sampling campaigns covering mainstream and tributaries in combination with hydro-chemical parameters and dual isotopes of nitrate were performed to reveal spatio-temporal variations of nitrate sources and transformations in a river draining a mixed LULC catchment. This study suggested that point sources dominated the nitrate in the summer and winter, while non-point sources dominated the nitrate in the spring and autumn. A positive correlation was observed between proportions from sewage and land use index (LUI). However, negative correlations between soil nitrogen/nitrogen fertilizer and LUI were observed. With an increase of urban areas, the increased contribution from domestic sewage resulted in an increase of NO3- concentrations in rivers. Both urban and agricultural inputs should be considered in nitrate pollution management in a mixed LULC catchment. We concluded that the seasonal variations of nitrate sources were mainly affected by flow velocity conditions and agricultural activities, while spatial variations were mainly affected by LULC. In addition, we found a novel underestimation of dominated sources from Bayesian model because of mixing effect of isotope values from the tributaries to mainstream, however, high spatial resolution sampling can make up for this shortcoming. δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate indicated that nitrate originated from nitrification in soils. The nitrate concentrations and correlation between δ15N and 1/[NO3-] suggested little contribution of nitrate removal by denitrification. Thus, the nitrate reduction in the Yuehe River basin needs to be strengthened. The study provides new implications for estimation of nitrate sources and transformations and basis for nitrate reduction in the river with mixed LULC catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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108
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Biddau R, Dore E, Da Pelo S, Lorrai M, Botti P, Testa M, Cidu R. Geochemistry, stable isotopes and statistic tools to estimate threshold and source of nitrate in groundwater (Sardinia, Italy). WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119663. [PMID: 36796152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the European Union, nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) should be designed for the mitigation of nitrate (NO3-) contamination caused by agricultural practices. Before establishing new NVZ, the sources of NO3- must be recognized. A geochemical and multiple stable isotopes approach (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and boron) and statistical tools were applied to define the geochemical characteristics of groundwater (60 samples), calculate the local NO3- threshold and assess potential sources of NO3- contamination in two study areas (hereafter Northern and Southern), located in a Mediterranean environment (Sardinia, Italy). Results of the integrated approach applied to two case study, permits to highlight the strengths of integrating geochemical and statistical methods to provide nitrate source identification as a reference by decision makers to remediate and mitigate nitrate contamination in groundwater. Hydrogeochemical features in the two study areas were similar: near neutral to slightly alkaline pH, electrical conductivity in the range of 0.3 to 3.9 mS/cm, and chemical composition ranging from Ca-HCO3- at low salinity to Na-Cl- at high salinity. Concentrations of NO3- in groundwater were in the range of 1 to 165 mg/L, whereas the nitrogen reduced species were negligible, except few samples having NH4+ up to 2 mg/L. Threshold values in the studied groundwater samples were between 4.3 and 6.6 mg/L NO3-, which was in agreement with previous estimates in Sardinian groundwater. Values of δ34S and δ18OSO4 of SO42- in groundwater samples indicated different sources of SO42-. Sulfur isotopic features attributed to marine SO42- were consistent with groundwater circulation in marine-derived sediments. Other source of SO42- were recognize due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, to fertilizers, manure, sewage fields, and SO42- derived from a mix of different sources. Values of δ15N and δ18ONO3 of NO3- in groundwater samples indicated different biogeochemical processes and NO3- sources. Nitrification and volatilization processes might have occurred at very few sites, and denitrification was likely to occur at specific sites. Mixing among various NO3- sources in different proportions might account for the observed NO3- concentrations and the nitrogen isotopic compositions. The SIAR modeling results showed a prevalent NO3- source from sewage/manure. The δ11B signatures in groundwater indicated the manure to be the predominant NO3- source, whereas NO3- from sewage was recognized at few sites. Geographic areas showing either a predominant process or a defined NO3- source where not recognize in the studied groundwater. Results indicate widespread contamination of NO3- in the cultivated plain of both areas. Point sources of contamination, due to agricultural practices and/or inadequate management of livestock and urban wastes, were likely to occur at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Biddau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dore
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Stefania Da Pelo
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mario Lorrai
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Botti
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Testa
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Sardegna - Servizio Controlli, Monitoraggi e Valutazione Ambientale della Direzione Tecnico Scientifica, via Carloforte, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Cidu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
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109
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Xie R, Zhen L, Wu X, Li J. Isotopic compositions (δD, δ 18O) and end-member mixing for the control interface in a complex tidal region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161438. [PMID: 36623659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the mixing processes of waters and currents in tidal reach is an important aspect of environmental management to protect freshwater resources and prevent water pollution. In this study, three field investigations conducted in a typical tidal reach in August, November and the following April focused on two isotopes (δD and δ18O) and salinity. A salinity-isotope conservative mixing model was established to differentiate water flows of the important control interface (CI) from freshwater, transition zone and saltwater end-members. Results suggested that the average δD and δ18O values during the ebb and flood tides depleted from August to November, then enriched significantly in the following April and were even higher than those in August. The δD and δ18O values in the saltwater zone enriched markedly compared with those in freshwater zone and transition zone due to the stronger evaporation occurring in the saltwater zone. Based on the revised model, the average contributions of freshwater end-member, transition zone end-member and saltwater end-member in three months were, respectively, 51.50 %, 36.93 % and 11.57 %. However, the contributions of freshwater and transition zones in April end-member were equivalent (47.45 % vs 44.31 %). Meanwhile the largest contribution of saltwater end-member was 20.56 % and occurred in August. The proportions of three end-members that contributed to CI changed with different evaporation scenarios and moisture sources of precipitation. Our research provides important information that furthers our understanding of the isotopes and their applications to environmental management in estuarine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xie
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Environmental Monitoring Internet of Things Laboratory, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ling Zhen
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Fuzhou Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jiabing Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Environmental Monitoring Internet of Things Laboratory, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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110
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Qi S, Feng Q, Shu H, Liu W, Zhu M, Zhang C, Yang L, Yin Z. Redistribution effect of irrigation on shallow groundwater recharge source contributions in an arid agricultural region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161106. [PMID: 36586674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recharge sources such as precipitation, mountain front recharge, mountain block recharge and confined water are the sources usually considered in quantitative studies of groundwater recharge. Changes in recharge processes caused by irrigation practices need to be fully considered for the accurate budgeting and management of water resources. Here, we put forward a conceptual framework for evaluating the shallow groundwater recharge process in arid irrigated agricultural areas using hydrochemical and stable isotope techniques, combined with an assessment of hydrogeological conditions and quantitative models. In general, the recharge effect of atmospheric precipitation on shallow groundwater in arid areas is relatively small. The contributions made by recharge sources in the studied river irrigated area, from greater to smaller, were confined groundwater (46.98 %), river water (45.48 %) and precipitation (7.55 %). The original range in groundwater recharge levels caused by river leakage also appeared to have expanded in response to the establishment of canal irrigation networks. Lateral groundwater flow and confined groundwater were the main recharge sources of shallow groundwater in areas fed by well irrigation and well-/spring-water irrigation (not taking into account any groundwater irrigation leakage). However, had the recharge of shallow groundwater by groundwater irrigation leakage, which reached 19.8-41.1 %, not been counted as contributing to actual groundwater recharge, the recharge contributions made by lateral groundwater flow and confined groundwater to shallow groundwater would have been significantly overestimated. This is because the groundwater recharge process has been modified by the various irrigation measures employed in arid agricultural areas, leading to a redistribution effect in groundwater recharge source contributions. This study provides a new perspective and intuitive data support for the development and utilization of water resources in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Heping Shu
- College of water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhenliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Wang Y, Liu J, Jiang F, Chen Z, Wu L, Zhou S, Pei C, Kuang Y, Cao F, Zhang Y, Fan M, Zheng J, Li J, Zhang G. Vertical measurements of stable nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition of fine particulate nitrate aerosol in Guangzhou city: Source apportionment and oxidation pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161239. [PMID: 36587665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the emission source and formation mechanism of fine particulate nitrate (pNO3-) in China are mired in controversy. In this study, the stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N-NO3-) and triple oxygen isotope (Δ17O-NO3-) were determined for the pNO3- samples collected at three heights under different atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) (Ox = O3 + NO2: 107 ± 29 μg m-3 at ground, 102 ± 28 μg m-3 at 118 m, 122 ± 23 μg m-3 at 488 m) conditions during the sampling period based on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou, China. The Bayesian mixing model showed that coal combustion was the largest contributor to pNO3- in this city, followed by biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, and soil emission. Interestingly, we found that vertical NOx and pNO3- concentrations displayed an opposite pattern owing to the different formation mechanisms among heights. The average contributions of oxidation pathways for (NO2 + OH, P1), (NO3 + DMS/HC, P2), and (N2O5 + H2O, P3) were 61 %, 12 %, and 27 % at the ground, respectively, and these values would vary greatly among heights. These results implied that both AOC and NOx loading played an important role in pNO3- production. The pNO3- displayed a positive correlation with NOx (r = 0.95) with an enhanced contribution of the P1 pathway under the relatively high AOC condition. However, pNO3- has a negative correlation with NOx (r = -0.99) with a rise of heterogeneous reaction (P2 and P3) under the relatively low AOC condition. Therefore, the current emission control strategy for air pollution in China needs to consider the AOC conditions among regions to effectively mitigate particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Ye Kuang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Meiyi Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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112
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Kaown D, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Ju Y, Rhee SK, Kim JH, Park DK, Park I, Lee HL, Yoon YY, Lee KK. Estimation of nutrient sources and fate in groundwater near a large weir-regulated river using multiple isotopes and microbial signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130703. [PMID: 36587594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessive input of nutrients into groundwater can accelerate eutrophication in associated surface water systems. This study combined hydrogeochemistry, multi isotope tracers, and microbiological data to estimate nutrient sources and the effects of groundwater-surface water interactions on the spatiotemporal variation of nutrients in groundwater connected to a large weir-regulated river in South Korea. δ11B and δ15N-NO3- values, in combination with a Bayesian mixing model, revealed that manure and sewage contributed 40 % and 25 % respectively to groundwater nitrate, and 42 % and 27 % to nitrate in surface water during the wet season. In the dry season, the source apportionment was similar for groundwater while the sewage contribution increased to 52 % of nitrate in river water. River water displayed a high correlation between NO3- concentration and cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Prochlorococcus) in the wet season. The mixing model using multiple isotopes indicated that manure-derived nutrients delivered with increased contributions of groundwater to the river during the wet season governed the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the river. We postulate that the integrated approach using multi-isotopic and microbiological data is highly effective for evaluating nutrient sources and for delineating hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface water, as well as for investigating surface water quality including eutrophication in riverine and other surface water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - YeoJin Ju
- Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Inwoo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
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113
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Heydarizad M, Pumijumnong N, Mansourian D, Anbaran ED, Minaei M. The deterioration of groundwater quality by seawater intrusion in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:424. [PMID: 36821059 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Chao Phraya River Deltaic Plain is the largest basin in Thailand and the second largest one in Southeast Asia after the Mekong River Delta. In recent decades, the groundwater quality in the Lower Chao Phraya River Basin in Thailand has deteriorated due to salinization caused by seawater intrusion. In the present study, hydrogeochemical and statistical methods were employed to determine the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater and to investigate the possible sources of salinity in the study region for the years 2008 and 2020. In addition, samples were taken from precipitation, sea water, and river water to analyze their hydrochemical properties. Then, they were used as input in the "Simmr" code in the R programming language to model the hydrochemical conditions of the study area and their evolution over time. The results indicated that in the non-coastal regions, water-rock interaction (mineral weathering and ion exchange), and brine/connate water infiltration affected the quality of the groundwater. However, the seawater intrusion was limited only to the coastal regions. Furthermore, the groundwater quality deteriorated from 2008 to 2020. Finally, using stepwise regression in the R language, the salinity of the groundwater was simulated and compared with the measured salinity data. The results obtained by the stepwise model were in close agreement with those obtained from the hydrochemical studies. This study confirmed seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer as well as the deterioration of groundwater quality over time. To slow down this process and to achieve sustainable conditions, groundwater extraction should be reduced in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Heydarizad
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nathsuda Pumijumnong
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Danial Mansourian
- Faculty of Science, Departments of Geology and Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elham Darbagh Anbaran
- Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Geographic Information Science/System and Remote Sensing Laboratory (GISSRS: Lab), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Minaei
- Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Geographic Information Science/System and Remote Sensing Laboratory (GISSRS: Lab), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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114
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Lal DM, Sreekanth GB, Soman C, Sharma A, Abidi ZJ. Delineating the food web structure in an Indian estuary during tropical winter employing stable isotope signatures and mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49412-49434. [PMID: 36773262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The food and feeding links and sources in an impacted tropical estuary situated along India's western coast, the Ulhas River Estuary (URE) was analyzed employing the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N). Three basal carbon sources, such as mangrove leaves, particulate organic matter (phytoplankton), and detritus, were analyzed together with eight consumer groups from various trophic guilds. The δ13C varied from - 19.67 to - 24.61‰, whereas δ15N ranged from 6.31 to 15.39‰ from the primary consumer to the top predator species. The stable isotope mixing model developed for URE revealed a phytoplankton based pelagic food chain and detritus based benthic food chain in URE. The fairly larger value of SEA (Standard Ellipse Area) in the URE suggest a much broader food web structure and high trophic diversity in the ecosystem. Higher influence of detritus on the assimilated diet of majority of consumers and evidences of nitrogen enrichment in the basal sources such as detritus and particulate organic matter by anthropogenic activities in URE point towards nitrogen pollution and subsequent trophic disturbance in this tropical estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Mohan Lal
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Chitra Soman
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Anupam Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Zeba Jaffer Abidi
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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115
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Lakescape connectivity: Mobile fish consumers link Lake Michigan coastal wetland and nearshore food webs. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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116
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Zeng J, Han G, Zhang S, Qu R. Nitrate dynamics and source identification of rainwater in Beijing during rainy season: Insight from dual isotopes and Bayesian model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159234. [PMID: 36208764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen emissions have a significant impact on atmospheric chemical composition and earth surface ecosystem. As one of the most important sinks of atmospheric nitrogen, the wet deposition of nitrate (rainwater NO3-) has been widely concerned. Yet, the sources and transformation processes of wet deposited NO3- were not well revealed in megacity during rainy season in the context of global climate change. Here, we investigated the concentrations of nitrogen components and dual isotopes of rainwater nitrate collected in Beijing during July to August 2021 (rainy season). The main findings showed that the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and NO2--N ranged 0.5- 6.7 mg L-1, 0.3- 4.5 mg L-1, and 0.05- 0.18 mg L-1, respectively, with the average relative percentages of 69 %, 29 %, and 2 %. The stoichiometry analysis of characteristic ion ratios indicated that the contribution of municipal wastes and agricultural sources to rainwater NH4+-N is relatively significant, while traffics were the major contributor of NO3--N instead of the fixed emission. Rainwater δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- presented slightly 15N-depleted characteristic compared to previous studies with the average values of -3.9 ± 3.1 ‰ and 58.7 ± 12.6 ‰. These isotope compositions suggesting an origin of rainwater NO3- from the mixing of multi-sources and was mainly generated via the pathway of OH radical oxidization. Further source apportionment of rainwater NO3- by Bayesian mixing model evaluated that traffic (30.3 %) and soil (30.3 %) emissions contributed mostly to NO3-, while the contribution of biomass burning (18.8 %) and coal combustion (20.6 %) were relatively lower. This study highlighted the important role of dual isotopes in rainwater nitrate source identification and formation processes in megacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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117
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Jeong YJ, Park HJ, Baek N, Seo BS, Lee KS, Kwak JH, Choi SK, Lee SM, Yoon KS, Lim SS, Choi WJ. Assessment of sources variability of riverine particulate organic matter with land use and rainfall changes using a three-indicator (δ 13C, δ 15N, and C/N) Bayesian mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114653. [PMID: 36328228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In intensive agricultural watersheds, riverine particulate organic matter (POM) may be transported from many sources such as rice paddies, crop uplands, forests, and livestock farming areas during rainy seasons. However, the impacts of land-use and rainfall changes on the POM sources are not well understood. In this study, changes in the sources of riverine POM were investigated in an agricultural area of Korea between 2014 and 2020/21. During this period, land-use and rainfall patterns changed dramatically. The δ13C, δ15N, and C/N of the POM sources as well as those of riverine POM were analyzed, and a stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) model was utilized for source apportionment. There were differences in δ13C, δ15N, and C/N among the sources. For example, manure had higher δ13C (-22.6 ± 3.3‰) and δ15N (+10.6 ± 5.9‰) than soils (from -28.0 ± 0.8‰ to -25.1 ± 1.2‰ for δ13C and +3.6 ± 1.7‰ to +9.8 ± 1.4‰ for δ15N). For soils, the δ13C and δ15N were higher for upland soils, while C/N was greater for forest soils than for others. For riverine POM, the δ15N marginally changed; however, the δ13C and C/N increased from -26.1 ± 0.9‰ to -20.8 ± 5.3‰ and from +7.7 ± 1.7 to +18.8 ± 8.3 between 2014 and 2020/21, respectively. The SIAR model showed that the contributions of paddy (from 41.0% to 14.9%) and upland fields (from 48.1% to 23.7%) to riverine POM decreased between the periods due to decreased paddy area and the implementation of best management practice on upland fields, respectively. However, the contribution of forests (from 3.5% to 28.0%) and manure (from 7.4% to 33.5%) increased probably due to improper management of forest clear-cutting sites and livestock manure storage sites. The contributions of agricultural soils to riverine POM decreased in drier years. Our study suggests that land management rather than land-use area is critical in riverine POM management, particularly in wetter years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Jeong
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nuri Baek
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Seo
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Crop Sciences, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seung Lee
- National Institute of Crop Sciences, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kun Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Lee
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Yoon
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Lim
- Bio R&D Center, CJ Cheiljedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering (BK 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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118
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Song W, Liu XY. Source oxygen contributions of primary nitrate emitted from biomass burning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158736. [PMID: 36122720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) produced by photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere has high oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values). Recently, the primary NO3- emitted from combustion sources was found to have much lower δ18O values. However, it is unclear how and to what extents the low δ18O signatures were controlled by major O sources during the primary NO3- formation of combustion processes. Here, we first measured concentrations and δ18O values of NO3- from burning five biomass materials (bb-NO3- and δ18Obb-NO3-, respectively) in China. Distinctly higher concentration levels of the bb-NO3- emissions (42.1 ± 8.1 μmol m-3) than ambient NO3- suggest it is a potential source of atmospheric NO3- pollution. Much lower δ18Obb-NO3- signatures (27.6 ± 2.7 ‰) than ambient NO3- support it as a primary emission source with different O sources and formation mechanism from secondary NO3-. Isotope mass-balance modeling revealed that atmospheric O2 and the biomass O dominated the O of bb-NO3- (53 ± 7 % and 40 ± 4 %, respectively) over the aqueous vapor (7 ± 3 %). Besides, we found increasing δ18Obb-NO3- values with the biomass N contents and relatively lower δ18Obb-NO3- values for biomasses with higher carbon (C) and lower O contents, indicating that biomass C, N, and O contents may influence the source O contributions of the bb-NO3-. This work provides a novel isotope analysis on the O source contribution of the bb-NO3-, which is useful for understanding the formation mechanism of combustion-related NO3- sources and evaluating the primary NO3- emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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119
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Felix JD, Berner A, Wetherbee GA, Murphy SF, Heindel RC. Nitrogen isotopes indicate vehicle emissions and biomass burning dominate ambient ammonia across Colorado's Front Range urban corridor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120537. [PMID: 36332707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to poor local air quality and can be transported to rural landscapes, impacting sensitive ecosystems. The Colorado Front Range urban corridor encompasses the Denver Metropolitan Area, rural farmland/rangeland and montane forest between the city and the Rocky Mountains. Reactive nitrogen emissions from the corridor are partly responsible for increased N deposition to the wildland-urban interface (WUI) in this region. To determine the significance of individual NH3 sources to WUI ecosystems, we measured the concentration and isotopic composition (δ15N-NH3) of ambient NH3(g) from April to October 2018 across a five-site urban to rural gradient in the corridor. The urban sites had higher NH3 concentrations and δ15N-NH3 values than the rural/suburban sites. Based on isotope mixing models, NH3 emission source contributions for all sites were fertilizer (12 ± 5.7%), livestock waste (18 ± 12%), vehicles (37 ± 23%), and biomass burning (34 ± 20%). Vehicle contributions were consistent across all months with an average of 35% and summer months showed a peak in biomass burning contributions (40%). As wildfires are projected to increase due to climate change, we stress a need for constraints on the isotopic signature of NH3 emitted from wildfires. Vehicle emissions contributed the greatest amount of NH3 (40%) at the urban sites while rural/suburban sites had higher agricultural contributions (41%). Had 2018 not had an anomalously high wildfire season, 46% and 60% of the NH3 would have been attributed to vehicle emissions at the WUI site and urban sites, respectively. NH3 emissions have historically been ascribed to agricultural activities but these findings illustrate the universal significance of vehicle emissions and the potential for sustained wildfire activity to be a primary contributor to NH3. Air quality (e.g., particulate matter) and nitrogen deposition reduction plans may benefit by including management practices that address vehicle NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Felix
- Physical and Environmental Sciences Department; Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, USA.
| | - Alexander Berner
- Physical and Environmental Sciences Department; Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, USA
| | | | | | - Ruth C Heindel
- Environmental Studies Program, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, USA
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García-Seoane R, Viana IG, Bode A. Using MixSIAR to quantify mixed contributions of primary producers from amino acid δ 15N of marine consumers. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105792. [PMID: 36371951 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Estimations of the trophic position and the food web nitrogen baseline from compound-specific isotope analysis of individual amino acids (CSIA-AA) are challenged when the diet of consumer organisms relies on different proportions of vascular and non-vascular primary producers. Here we propose a method to infer such proportions using mixing models and the δ15N CSIA-AA values from marine herbivores. Combining published and new data, we first characterized CSIA-AA values in phytoplankton, macroalgae and vascular plants, and determined their characteristic β values (i.e. the isotopic difference between trophic and source AA). Then, we applied MixSIAR Bayesian isotope mixing models to investigate the transfer of these isotopic signals to marine herbivores (molluscs, green turtles, zooplankton and fish), and their utility to quantify autotrophic sources. We demonstrated that primary producer groups have distinct δ15NAA fingerprints that can be tracked into their primary consumers, thus offering a rapid solution to quantify resource utilization and estimate βmix values in mixed-sourced environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Seoane
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - I G Viana
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A Bode
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
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Qiu H, Gui H, Xu H, Cui L, Li Z, Yu H. Quantifying nitrate pollution sources of shallow groundwater and related health risks based on deterministic and Monte Carlo models: A study in Huaibei mining area, Huaibei coalfield, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114434. [PMID: 38321656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a global environmental concern. As a result, accurate identification of potential sources for such pollution is of critical significance to the effective control of groundwater quality. In this study, forty-nine shallow groundwater samples were collected from the Huaibei mining area. Hydro-chemical characterization, geospatial analysis technique, dual nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), Bayesian model and health risk assessment model were adopted for exploring the conditions, sources, proportion, and potential health risks of nitrate pollution for the first time in the study area. The results showed that the nitrate concentration ranged from 0.00 to 293.21 mg/L, and that 18.37% groundwater samples exceeded the standard of drinking water in China (GB 5749-2006). Based on the dual isotopic values of nitrate, it could be concluded that nitrification was dominated migration and transformation process of nitrogen. The results of Bayesian model showed that the proportional contributions of the potential nitrate pollution sources in shallow groundwater were manure and sewage (M&S) (39.54 %), NH4+ in fertilizer and precipitation (NHF&P) (34.93 %), soil nitrogen (SN) (14.89 %), and NO3- in atmospheric deposition (NAD) (10.64 %). The health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risks posed by NO3--N was higher for children than adults. The primary exposure pathway was oral ingestion. Monte Carlo simulation were applied to evaluate model uncertainty. The probabilities of non-carcinogenic risks were up to 12.54 % for children and 5.22 % for adults. In order to protect water quality and drinking water safety, it was suggested that effective nitrate reduction strategies and better management practices can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Herong Gui
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Lin Cui
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Zhichun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
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Wang H, Zhao Y, Wang F, Sun X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wei S, Chen H. Diet composition and selection of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve, China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9702. [PMID: 36620412 PMCID: PMC9817203 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve is an ideal place to restore the wild population of Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Understanding foraging ecology and diet composition is essential for assessing population development or establishing long-term effective conservation measures for endangered species. However, little is known about the diet composition of Père David's deer and its diet selection mechanism. In this study, we used stable isotope technology to investigate the diet composition of Père David's deer according to various tissues (i.e., fur, muscle, liver, heart, and feces) and seasons, and evaluated the correlation between the nutrient composition of plants and diet composition. Bayesian isotope analysis showed that the autumn and winter diet estimated by fur and fecal samples indicated a diet dominated by C3 grasses (42.7%-57.2%, mean), while the summer diet estimated by muscle and liver samples was dominated by C3 forbs (30.9%-41.6%, mean). The Pearson correlation test indicated that the contribution of winter diet composition reflected by fur and fecal samples was associated with correlations with crude protein (r = .666, p < .01) and soluble sugars (r = .695, p < .01). The results indicated that crude protein and soluble sugars were important factors influencing the winter diet selection of Père David's deer. In the context of the current reintroduction facing many challenges, such as habitat fragmentation, wetland degradation, and human disturbance, comprehensively evaluating the diet selection mechanism of Père David's deer under different resource specificities and temporal changes should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Lin Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Fei‐Jie Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Xin‐Jia Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Qiang Zhu
- Research Center of Milu Health and HabitatYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Ming Zhang
- Administrative Office of Shishou Milu National Nature ReserveJingzhouChina
| | - Shu‐Dong Wei
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation TechnologyHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandMinistry of Education, Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
- Research Center of Milu Health and HabitatYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
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Dubbert M, Couvreur V, Kübert A, Werner C. Plant water uptake modelling: added value of cross-disciplinary approaches. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:32-42. [PMID: 36245305 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research interest in plant water uptake strategies has rapidly increased in many disciplines, such as hydrology, plant ecology and ecophysiology. Quantitative modelling approaches to estimate plant water uptake and spatiotemporal dynamics have significantly advanced through different disciplines across scales. Despite this progress, major limitations, for example, predicting plant water uptake under drought or drought impact at large scales, remain. These are less attributed to limitations in process understanding, but rather to a lack of implementation of cross-disciplinary insights into plant water uptake model structure. The main goal of this review is to highlight how the four dominant model approaches, that is, Feddes approach, hydrodynamic approach, optimality and statistical approaches, can be and have been used to create interdisciplinary hybrid models enabling a holistic system understanding that, among other things, embeds plant water uptake plasticity into a broader conceptual view of soil-plant feedbacks of water, nutrient and carbon cycling, or reflects observed drought responses of plant-soil feedbacks and their dynamics under, that is, drought. Specifically, we provide examples of how integration of Bayesian and hydrodynamic approaches might overcome challenges in interpreting plant water uptake related to different travel and residence times of different plant water sources or trade-offs between root system optimization to forage for water and nutrients during different seasons and phenological stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dubbert
- Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gasfluxes, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Xie L, Gao X, Liu Y, Yang B, Yuan H, Li X, Song J, Zhao J, Xing Q. Atmospheric deposition as a direct source of particulate organic carbon in region coastal surface seawater: Evidence from stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158540. [PMID: 36113787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the source characteristics of coastal aerosols and evaluate the contribution of atmospheric deposition to particulate organic matter in surface seawater, total suspended particulates (TSP) were collected at a shore-based site on the south coast of North Yellow Sea from December 2019 through November 2020. The samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) as well as stable carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ13C and δ15N). The results showed that the annual mean concentrations of TOC and TN were 5.36 ± 4.74 and 5.12 ± 6.52 μg m-3, respectively. δ13C fluctuated between -25.1 ‰ and -19.2 ‰ with an annual mean of -24.0 ± 1.0 ‰ and a significant seasonal variation (P < 0.05) characterizing by the enrichment in winter (-23.4 ± 0.6 ‰) compared to other seasons, which was probably related to the massive coal combustion. Besides, δ15N ranged from 7.9 ‰ to 21.1 ‰ with an annual mean of 12.5 ± 2.9 ‰ and a less pronounced seasonal pattern (P = 0.23). The Bayesian isotope-mixing model showed that, annually, the most important source of TSP was biogenic and biomass source (55.5 ± 10.8 %), followed by fossil fuel combustion (31.9 ± 9.0 %), while the marine contribution was less (12.6 ± 2.3 %). For TOC and TN, the dominated sources were fossil fuel combustion (47.7 ± 3.4 %) and biogenic and biomass source (57.3 ± 11.7 %), respectively. Furthermore, the model results indicated that the contribution of atmospheric deposition to suspended particulate matter in surface seawater was 18.0 ± 11.0 %, 17.1 ± 6.7 % and 10.2 ± 2.0 % in autumn, spring and summer, respectively. For particulate organic carbon in surface seawater, the contribution of atmospheric deposition was 35.2 ± 3.5 % in spring, highlighting the huge impact of atmospheric deposition on particulate carbon cycling in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Yongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114, China
| | - Huamao Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Qianguo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Kumar A, Ajay A, Dasgupta B, Bhadury P, Sanyal P. Deciphering the nitrate sources and processes in the Ganga river using dual isotopes of nitrate and Bayesian mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114744. [PMID: 36368371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dual isotopes of dissolved NO3- (n = 43) has been used to delineate the nitrate sources and N-cycling processes in the Ganga river. The proportional contribution of nitrate from different sources has been estimated using the Bayesian mixing model. The seasonal NO3- concentration in the lower stretch of the river Ganga varied between 4.1 and 64.1 μM with higher concentration during monsoon and post-monsoon season and lower concentration during the pre-monsoon and winter season. The temporal variation in the isotopic values ranged between +0.0 and +9.6‰ for δ15NNO3- and -1.2 to +11.0‰ for δ18ONO3-. The spatial NO3- concentration during the post-monsoon season varied between 23.2 and 57.7 μM, with higher values from the middle and lower values from the lower stretch of the river Ganga. The isotopic ratio during the post-monsoon season varied between -1.0 and +11.3‰ for δ15NNO3- and -4.6 to +5.2‰ for δ18ONO3-. The temporal dataset from the lower stretch of the river Ganga showed the dominance of nitrate derived from the nitrification of soil organic matter (SOM) (average ∼53.4%). The nitrate contribution from synthetic fertilizers was observed to be higher during the post-monsoon season (34.7 ± 23.4%) compared to that in the monsoon (25.5 ± 19.5%) and pre-monsoon (22.2 ± 19.6%) season. No significant seasonal variations were observed in the nitrate input from manure/sewage (∼13.9%). Spatial samples collected during the post-monsoon season showed higher contribution of synthetic fertilizer in the lower stretch (34.6 ± 22.7%) compared to the middle stretch (21.1 ± 18.2%), which indicates greater influence of the agricultural activity in the lower stretch. The dual isotope study of dissolved NO3- established that the nitrate in the Ganga river water is mostly derived from the nitrification of incoming organic compounds and is subsequently removed via assimilatory nitrate uptake. The study also emphasises significant nitrification and assimilatory nitrate removal processes operating in the mixing zone of the Ganga river and Hooghly estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Ajay Ajay
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Bibhasvata Dasgupta
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Punyasloke Bhadury
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India; Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Prasanta Sanyal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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Zhang C, Zhang D, Duan HZ, Zhao ZQ, Zhang JW, Huang XY, Ma BJ, Zheng DS. Combining metal and sulfate isotopes measurements to identify different anthropogenic impacts on dissolved heavy metals levels in river water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136747. [PMID: 36216113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved heavy metals (DHMs) contamination has raised global concern for ecological and human health development. Weathering of sulfide-bearing ore metals can produce acidic, sulfate-rich solutions in the presence of water and oxygen (O2), and DHMs are released to deprave the river water quality. Sulfur and oxygen isotope signatures (δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4) could identify this pyrite-derived sulfate; however, it is yet not well known whether the δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values could limit the DHMs sources and illustrate anthropogenic impacts on DHMs along the river corridor. We tried to solve this problem through field works in the Luohe River and Yihe River, two tributaries of the Yellow River, China, where metal sulfide mine activities mostly occurred upstream, but agricultural and domestic behaviors concentrated in the lower plain reaches. In the Luohe River upper areas, δ34SSO4 values had negative correlations with concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (p < 0.01), nickel (Ni) (p < 0.05), molybdenum (Mo) (p < 0.01), uranium (U) (p < 0.01), and SO42- (p < 0.01). However, as the δ34SSO4 values increased downstream in the Luohe River, concentrations of copper (Cu) (p < 0.05), mercury (Hg) (p < 0.05), Ni (p < 0.05), and SO42- (p < 0.01) simultaneously elevated. The Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model (BIMM) results via δ34SSO4 values demonstrated 64.3%-65.3% of SO42- from acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Luohe River's upper reaches and 63.5%-67.7% in the Yihe River's upper reaches, and about 33% from sewage and industrial effluents in the Luohe River's lower reaches and 27% in Yihe River's lower reaches. Our results confirmed the different anthropogenic impacts on the DHMs concentrations in Luohe River and Yihe River and provided a robust method for DHMs sources appointment and pollution management in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Hui-Zhen Duan
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zhang
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xing-Yu Huang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Bing-Juan Ma
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - De-Shun Zheng
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
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Dried out but alive: how mosquitoes survive 8 months. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:1-3. [PMID: 36470782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
How malaria mosquitoes persist during the dry season in the Sahel and rapidly rebound at the onset of rains is unclear. Recently, Faiman and colleagues demonstrated that aestivation, a summer dormancy mechanism, is a major persistence strategy of Anopheles mosquitoes, which could be targeted by vector control.
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128
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Shang Y, Wang F, Sun S, Zhu B, Wang P. Sources and transformations of nitrate in Qixiangcuo Lake and its inflow rivers in the northern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4245-4257. [PMID: 35965301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change input more reactive nitrogen into alpine lakes. Alpine saline lakes are usually located in endorheic watersheds at high-altitude areas, with no other drainage methods than evaporation, and are prone to accumulate nutrients. Meanwhile, alpine saline lakes are usually oligotrophic and sensitive to reactive nitrogen inputs, and even modest reactive nitrogen inputs may have significant effects on them, such as eutrophication. Nitrate is the main form of reactive nitrogen in lakes; therefore, clarifying the sources and transformations of nitrate in alpine saline lakes is important to prevent or mitigate eutrophication in alpine saline lakes. In this study, the sources and transformations of nitrate in Qixiangcuo Lake and its inflow rivers in the northern Tibetan Plateau were identified using dual nitrate isotopes and hydrochemistry. The results show that (1) the ranges of NO3- concentrations, δ15N - NO3-, and δ18O - NO3- values were 3.6 ~ 26.1 μg/L, - 10.5 to + 6.0‰, and - 10.4 to + 9.2‰ in Qixiangcuo Lake and 194.4 ~ 728.1 μg/L, + 5.8 ~ + 8.8‰, and - 1.9 to + 2.4‰ in its inflow rivers, respectively. The NO3- concentrations and δ15N - NO3- values were significantly lower in Qixiangcuo Lake than in its inflow rivers (P < 0.05). (2) The main sources of nitrate in both surface water and bottom water of Qixiangcuo Lake were ammonium in atmospheric deposition (mean probability estimate (MPE) 41.0% and 32.2%, respectively) and livestock manure (MPE 28.9% and 21.7%, respectively). The main sources of nitrate in the inflow rivers of Qixiangcuo Lake were domestic sewage (MPE 35.7%) and livestock manure (MPE 29.6%). (3) The main nitrogen transformation process in Qixiangcuo Lake was nitrification. The conservative mixing of multiple sources controlled the nitrate concentration and isotopic composition of Qixiangcuo Lake. Improvement in grazing area planning and the installation of sewage treatment facilities are effective measures to prevent eutrophication in Qixiangcuo Lake and its inflow rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Shichun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Boshan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
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Bökenhans V, Galván D, Bigatti G, Averbuj A. Stable Isotopes Reveal Algal Assimilation in the Carnivorous Sea Slug Pleurobranchaea maculata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) on Patagonian Coasts. MALACOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.4002/040.065.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Bökenhans
- LARBIM-IBIOMAR, CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACV Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - David Galván
- CESIMAR-CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACV Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Gregorio Bigatti
- LARBIM-IBIOMAR, CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACV Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Andrés Averbuj
- LARBIM-IBIOMAR, CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACV Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Galápagos tortoise stable isotope ecology and the 1850s Floreana Island Chelonoidis niger niger extinction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22187. [PMID: 36564467 PMCID: PMC9789057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A consequence of over 400 years of human exploitation of Galápagos tortoises (Chelonoidis niger ssp.) is the extinction of several subspecies and the decimation of others. As humans captured, killed, and/or removed tortoises for food, oil, museums, and zoos, they also colonized the archipelago resulting in the introduction of invasive plants, animals, and manipulated landscapes for farming, ranching, and infrastructure. Given current conservation and revitalization efforts for tortoises and their habitats, here we investigate nineteenth and twentieth century Galápagos tortoise dietary ecology using museum and archaeological specimens coupled with analysis of carbon (δ13Ccollagen and δ13Capatite), nitrogen (δ15N), hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18Oapatite) stable isotopes and radiocarbon dating. We identify that Galápagos tortoise diets vary between and within islands over time, and that long-term anthropogenic impacts influenced change in tortoise stable isotope ecology by using 57 individual tortoises from 10 different subspecies collected between 1833 and 1967-a 134-year period. On lower elevation islands, which are often hotter and drier, tortoises tend to consume more C4 vegetation (cacti and grasses). Our research suggests human exploitation of tortoises and anthropogenic impacts on vegetation contributed to the extinction of the Floreana Island tortoise (C. n. niger) in the 1850s.
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131
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Koh EH, Lee E, Lee KK, Moon DC. Integrated application of a Bayesian mixing model, numerical model, and environmental tracers to characterize groundwater recharge sources in a mountainous area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158619. [PMID: 36084785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the combined use of a Bayesian mixing model (BMM), numerical model (random walk particle tracking-RWPT), and environmental tracers (δ18O-δD, 3H, and CFC) was applied to elucidate the probabilistic contribution of the recharge sources, flow path, and residence time of groundwater across the mountainous area of Jeju Island, South Korea. Especially, the BMM ability to estimate the variable recharge contributions to the aquifer by different elevations and seasons was investigated. The δ18O-δD isotopes showed that groundwater in the study area was primarily fed by precipitation during the wet season, and the BMM estimated that wet season recharge contributed to approximately 64% of the total. The BMM-based probabilistic estimation of recharge sources revealed a mixed contribution of source waters from different elevations. A notable difference in recharge flow path was observed between highland (>450 masl) and lowland (<400 masl) wells, where the inflow of source water from the regional flow was dominant in the former and both regional and local recharges served as significant groundwater sources in the latter. Evidence from age tracers (3H and CFC-12) also supported different recharge mechanisms between highland and lowland wells. A reasonable match between the BMM- and RWPT-derived recharge contributions (RMSE 0.02-0.06) was achieved within the uncertainty ranges, with RWPT being particularly useful for capturing different flow paths between highland and lowland wells. The dynamics revealed here provide important information for establishing an improved and informed groundwater management plan for the mountainous area of Jeju Island. Ultimately, this study highlights the advantageous integrated analysis of BMM, RWPT, and environmental tracer analyses to enhance the reliability of recharge area estimation and increase the collective understanding of complex hydrogeological systems in mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Koh
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Cheol Moon
- Water Resource Research Team, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Development Co., 1717-35 Namjo-ro, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63345, Republic of Korea
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132
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Marković T, Karlović I, Orlić S, Kajan K, Smith AC. Tracking the nitrogen cycle in a vulnerable alluvial system using a multi proxy approach: Case study Varaždin alluvial aquifer, Croatia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158632. [PMID: 36087668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At high concentrations nitrate is considered a serious environmental pollutant which degrades the quality of ground and surface waters. Such high nitrate concentrations (>50 mg NO3/L) have been observed for decades in the alluvial aquifer in the Varaždin region of Croatia. Here we employ a novel cross disciplinary approach (dual isotopes, chemical, bacteria diversity and mixing modelling) to determine sources of nitrate and processes that can influence nitrate concentration within this vulnerable alluvial aquifer. Ten groundwater wells were sampled across the region and in different hydrological conditions for basic chemical, stable isotopes (δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3), and bacterial diversity analyses. In addition, solid samples, i.e. soil samples and fertilizers were collected and analysed for bulk δ15N. The primary nitrate sources were manure, sewage, soil organic N, and ammonia fertilizers, however we observe no clear evidence to indicate that synthetic fertilizers are a major contributor to groundwater nitrate concentrations. Whilst denitrification was observed in the parts of the study area with dissolved oxygen (DO) deficiency, i.e. anoxic conditions, nitrification has been identified as the major process responsible for nitrate behaviour within the aquifer system. Our results will facilitate the creation of a conceptual model of nitrate behaviour in the study area and from this, a numerical groundwater nitrate transport model. These data, understanding of nitrate dynamics and subsequent models will be critical for future sustainable water and agricultural management of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Marković
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Karlović
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Kajan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrew C Smith
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
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Mgelwa AS, Song L, Fan M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chang Y, Pan Y, Gurmesa GA, Liu D, Huang S, Qiu Q, Fang Y. Isotopic imprints of aerosol ammonium over the north China plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120376. [PMID: 36228846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5 poses a variety of health and environmental risks to urban environments. Ammonium is one of the main components of PM2.5, and its role in PM2.5 pollution will likely increase in the coming years as NH3 emissions are still unregulated and rising in many cities worldwide. However, partitioning urban NH4+ sources remains challenging. Although the 15N natural abundance (δ15N) analysis is a promising approach for this purpose, it has seldom been applied across multiple cities within a given region. This limits our understanding of the regional patterns and controls of NH4+ sources in urban environments. Here, we collected PM2.5 samples using an active sampling technique during winter at six cities in the North China Plain to characterize the concentrations, δ15N and sources of NH4+ in PM2.5. We found substantial variations in both the concentrations and δ15N of NH4+ among the sites. The mean NH4+ concentrations across the six cities ranged from 3.6 to 12.1 μg m-3 on polluted days and from 0.9 to 10.6 μg m-3 on non-polluted days. The δ15N ranged from 6.5‰ to 13.9‰ on polluted days and from 8.7‰ to 13.5‰ on non-polluted days. The δ15N decreased with increasing NH4+ concentrations at all six sites. We found that non-agricultural sources (vehicle exhaust, ammonia slip and urban wastes) contributed 72%-94% and 56%-86% of the NH4+ on polluted and non-polluted days, respectively, and that during polluted days, combustion-related emissions (vehicle exhaust and ammonia slip) were positively associated with the proportion of urban area, population density and number of vehicles, highlighting the importance of local sources of particulate pollution. This study suggests that the analysis of 15N in aerosol NH4+ is a promising approach for apportioning atmospheric NH3 sources over a large region, and this approach has potential for mapping rapidly and precisely the sources of NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiyi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yunhua Chang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Prevention and Ecological Security (Henan University), Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingyan Qiu
- Forest Ecology & Stable Isotope Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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134
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Zhao Z, Zhang M, Chen Y, Ti C, Tian J, He X, Yu K, Zhu W, Yan X, Wang Y. Traceability of nitrate polluted hotspots in plain river networks of the Yangtze River delta by nitrogen and oxygen isotopes coupling bayesian model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120438. [PMID: 36265730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of increased nitrate (NO3-) pollution especially from the non-point source on the hydrosphere and anthroposphere are becoming more prominent. The non-point-derived NO3- in the rivers supplying the upstream threatens the aquatic ecosystem of Taihu Lake. Here, dual-stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- were applied to the Bayesian model (SIAR) for quantitative source identification of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in a mixed agricultural and urban region along the complex river network of the Yangze River delta. The results showed that the NO3- concentrations in the rivers ranged from 1.09 to 4.44 mg L-1 and decreased from the highly urbanized areas to the lakeside rural areas. The specific isotopic characteristics of four sources (atmospheric deposition, AD; chemical fertilizer, CF; manure and sewage, MS; and soil leachate, SL) by the SIAR isotope model indicated that the MS source made the greatest contribution (46.56%) to the total NO3- load, followed by SL (27.86%), CF (23.77%), and AD (1.81%). The highly urbanized areas and the hybrid areas, which contained a mix of industrialized, populated, and agricultural areas, were identified as hotspot areas with heavy Nr pollution, responsible for spatial patterns of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-. These hotspot areas were characterized by a less well-developed sewage pipeline system with high Nr emissions from cash crops. The changes in wastewater treatment level, the agricultural production structure, and meteorological changes were the main factors of spatial variation of Nr concentration and source in the upstream Taihu Lake Basin. The variation in Nr concentration across Taihu Lake would respond to these anthropogenic-driven Nr loads. These findings suggest that MS was the predominant source had the strongest effect on the overall riverine NO3- source which was the primary problem that needed to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingli Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chaopu Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinghua He
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kangkang Yu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wangyue Zhu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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135
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Chen ZL, Song W, Hu CC, Liu XJ, Chen GY, Walters WW, Michalski G, Liu CQ, Fowler D, Liu XY. Significant contributions of combustion-related sources to ammonia emissions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7710. [PMID: 36513669 PMCID: PMC9747788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) can substantially influence air quality, ecosystems, and climate. NH3 volatilization from fertilizers and wastes (v-NH3) has long been assumed to be the primary NH3 source, but the contribution of combustion-related NH3 (c-NH3, mainly fossil fuels and biomass burning) remains unconstrained. Here, we collated nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric NH3 and NH4+ and established a robust method to differentiate v-NH3 and c-NH3. We found that the relative contribution of the c-NH3 in the total NH3 emissions reached up to 40 ± 21% (6.6 ± 3.4 Tg N yr-1), 49 ± 16% (2.8 ± 0.9 Tg N yr-1), and 44 ± 19% (2.8 ± 1.3 Tg N yr-1) in East Asia, North America, and Europe, respectively, though its fractions and amounts in these regions generally decreased over the past decades. Given its importance, c-NH3 emission should be considered in making emission inventories, dispersion modeling, mitigation strategies, budgeting deposition fluxes, and evaluating the ecological effects of atmospheric NH3 loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Chen
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wei Song
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chao-Chen Hu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xue-Jun Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guan-Yi Chen
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wendell W. Walters
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, 85 Waterman St, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Greg Michalski
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - David Fowler
- grid.494924.60000 0001 1089 2266Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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136
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Zahi F, Huneau F, Garel É, Stotler RL, Bordeleau G, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Drias T, Re V, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on groundwater in coastal agricultural areas: A case from the Plain of the El-Nil River (North-Eastern Algeria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158153. [PMID: 35988595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on coastal aquifers subject to uncontrolled land use development by investigating the combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination. The research is undertaken in a Mediterranean coastal agricultural area (Plain of the El-Nil River, Algeria), where water resources are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to assess seawater contamination with its inland intrusion, and distinguish the nitrate sources and their apportionment. Results show that seawater intrusion is circumscribed to the sector neighboring the Mediterranean Sea, with two influencing functions including classic inland intrusion through the aquifer, and upstream seawater impact through the river mouth connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Groundwater and surface water samples reveal nitrate concentrations above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. Results from nitrate isotopic composition, NO3 and Cl concentrations, and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations chiefly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is related to wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is attributed to an excessive use of animal manure to fertilise agricultural areas. The dual negative impact of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination degrades water quality over a large proportion of the study area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to effective and sustainable water resources management in the Mediterranean coastal area. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the combined effect of various anthropogenic stressors on coastal environments and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other regions currently undergoing an early stage of water resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Faouzi Zahi
- Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Viviana Re
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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Cheng C, Yu R, Chen Y, Yan Y, Hu G, Wang S. Quantifying the source and formation of nitrate in PM 2.5 using dual isotopes combined with Bayesian mixing model: A case study in an inland city of southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136097. [PMID: 35998735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrate has been attracting increasing attention because it is one of the important components of PM2.5. Understanding the sources and formation mechanism of nitrate in PM2.5 is essential to take effective measures to prevent and control the emission of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere and reduce the formation of haze. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from Ganzhou, an inland city in southeast China, during summer and winter. The concentrations of PM2.5 and NO3- were determined, and the isotopic compositions of NO3- (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) were analyzed in order to quantify the relative contributions of different emission sources and formation pathways of nitrate in PM2.5. The results showed that PM2.5 and NO3- concentrations were lower in summer (39.80 ± 11.10 μg·m-3 and 1.79 ± 0.70 μg·m-3) while higher in winter (69.85 ± 29.58 μg·m-3 and 10.83 ± 9.89 μg·m-3). The values of δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NO3- ranged from 42.84‰ to 56.80‰ and from -11.17‰ to -2.08‰ in summer, while from 55.86‰ to 78.66‰ and from -10.63‰ to -1.88‰ in winter, respectively. The results of δ15N-NO3- combined with Bayesian isotope mixing model showed that the relative contributions of vehicle exhaust, soil microbial activity, biomass combustion and coal fired power plants were 59.3%, 28.5%, 8.7% and 3.4% in summer, while 65.1%, 20.1%, 10.6% and 4.1% in winter, respectively. The results of δ18O-NO3- combined with Bayesian isotope mixing model showed that the possible relative contributions of pathway 1 (P1) (NO2 + ·OH), pathway 2 (P2) (NO3 + HC) and pathway 3 (P3) (N2O5 + H2O) were 73.5%, 12.4% and 14.1% in summer, while 41.6%, 28.9% and 29.5% in winter, respectively. Moreover, P2 and P3 contributed more when NO3- concentrations were higher, suggesting that P2 and P3 were of significance to the formation of nitrate in PM2.5, especially during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yanting Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China
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138
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Hiltunen TA, Stien A, Väisänen M, Ropstad E, Aspi JO, Welker JM. Svalbard reindeer winter diets: Long-term dietary shifts to graminoids in response to a changing climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7009-7022. [PMID: 36071549 PMCID: PMC9826046 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems are changing dramatically with warmer and wetter conditions resulting in complex interactions between herbivores and their forage. We investigated how Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) modify their late winter diets in response to long-term trends and interannual variation in forage availability and accessibility. By reconstructing their diets and foraging niches over a 17-year period (1995-2012) using serum δ13 C and δ15 N values, we found strong support for a temporal increase in the proportions of graminoids in the diets with a concurrent decline in the contributions of mosses. This dietary shift corresponds with graminoid abundance increases in the region and was associated with increases in population density, warmer summer temperatures and more frequent rain-on-snow (ROS) in winter. In addition, the variance in isotopic niche positions, breadths, and overlaps also supported a temporal shift in the foraging niche and a dietary response to extreme ROS events. Our long-term study highlights the mechanisms by which winter and summer climate changes cascade through vegetation shifts and herbivore population dynamics to alter the foraging niche of Svalbard reindeer. Although it has been anticipated that climate changes in the Svalbard region of the Arctic would be detrimental to this unique ungulate, our study suggests that environmental change is in a phase where conditions are improving for this subspecies at the northernmost edge of the Rangifer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audun Stien
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Fram CentreThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Maria Väisänen
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Arctic CentreUniversity of LaplandRovaniemiFinland
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical SciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Jouni O. Aspi
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Jeffery M. Welker
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- UArcticRovaniemiFinland
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alaska AnchorageAnchorageAlaskaUSA
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139
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Waltham NJ, Connolly RM. Food webs supporting fisheries production in estuaries with expanding coastal urbanisation. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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140
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Flood PJ, Loftus WF, Trexler JC. Fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland show spatiotemporal shifts in diet and trophic niche but not shifts in trophic position. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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141
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Zenteno-Devaud L, Aguirre-Martinez GV, Andrade C, Cárdenas L, Pardo LM, González HE, Garrido I. Feeding Ecology of Odontaster validus under Different Environmental Conditions in the West Antarctic Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121723. [PMID: 36552233 PMCID: PMC9775070 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To study how Odontaster validus can influence the spatial structure of Antarctic benthic communities and how they respond to disturbance, it is necessary to assess potential dietary shifts in different habitats. We investigated the diets of O. validus from Maxwell Bay and South Bay in the West Antarctic Peninsula. A multifaceted approach was applied including in situ observations of cardiac stomach everted contents, isotopic niche, and trophic diversity metrics. Results confirm the flexible foraging strategy of this species under markedly different environmental conditions, suggesting plasticity in resource use. The data also showed evidence of isotopic niche expansion, high δ15N values, and Nacella concinna as a common food item for individuals inhabiting a site with low seasonal sea ice (Ardley Cove), which could have significant ecological implications such as new trophic linkages within the Antarctic benthic community. These results highlight the importance of considering trophic changes of key species to their environment as multiple ecological factors can vary as a function of climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Zenteno-Devaud
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4081112, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martinez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Claudia Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210738, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Humberto E. González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ignacio Garrido
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco (LCRAC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Québec-Océan, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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142
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FRAME-Monte Carlo model for evaluation of the stable isotope mixing and fractionation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277204. [PMID: 36441721 PMCID: PMC9704640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayesian stable isotope mixing models are widely used in geochemical and ecological studies for partitioning sources that contribute to various mixtures. However, none of the existing tools allows accounting for the influence of processes other than mixing, especially stable isotope fractionation. Bridging this gap, new software for the stable isotope Fractionation And Mixing Evaluation (FRAME) has been developed with a user-friendly graphical interface (malewick.github.io/frame). This calculation tool allows simultaneous sources partitioning and fractionation progress determination based on the stable isotope composition of sources/substrates and mixture/products. The mathematical algorithm applies the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo model to estimate the contribution of individual sources and processes, as well as the probability distributions of the calculated results. The performance of FRAME was comprehensively tested and practical applications of this modelling tool are presented with simple theoretical examples and stable isotope case studies for nitrates, nitrites, water and nitrous oxide. The open mathematical design, featuring custom distributions of source isotope signatures, allows for the implementation of additional processes that alternate the characteristics of the final mixture and its application for various range of studies.
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143
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Chen Z, Pei C, Liu J, Zhang X, Ding P, Dang L, Zong Z, Jiang F, Wu L, Sun X, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Tian C, Li J, Zhang G. Non-agricultural source dominates the ammonium aerosol in the largest city of South China based on the vertical δ 15N measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157750. [PMID: 35926604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere and plays a critical role in air pollution and public health. However, scientific debate remains over whether agricultural emissions (e.g., livestock and fertilizer application) dominate NH3 in urban atmosphere in China, which is one of the largest NH3 emitters in the world. In this study, we first simultaneously collected the fine atmospheric particles (PM2.5) at two heights (ground and 488 m) using the atmospheric observatories in Canton Tower, Guangzhou city, China for the measurements of stable nitrogen isotope composition in ammonium (δ15N-NH4+). Our results showed that the average δ15N-NH4+ value at the ground and the 488 m observatory were 16.9 ‰ and 3.8 ‰, respectively, implying that NH4+ aerosols between the two heights probably have different sources. Moreover, we found that the δ15N-NH4+ value would sharply decrease to -16.7 ‰ when the air masses came from western Guangzhou, where the urbanization is limited compared to other surrounding areas. The Bayesian mixing model indicated that NH4+ aerosol at the ground observatory was mainly derived from non-agricultural activities (76 %, e.g., vehicular exhaust), with the rest from agricultural sources (24 %). As for the 488 m observatory, the contribution of non-agricultural sources was 53 %, which is lower than the ground observatory. This is expected as the lower air receives more impacts from the local urban emission. However, the current "bottom-up" emission inventory illustrates that only ~20 % NH3 in Guangzhou is associated with non-agricultural emissions, which is significantly lower than our δ15N-based results. Overall, our findings strongly imply that non-agricultural sources dominate the urban NH3 in Guangzhou or maybe in adjacent cities of the Pearl River Delta region as well, suggesting that the emission inventory of NH3 in this region probably is urgently needed to be revisited in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Dang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zheng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
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144
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Duan HZ, Zhang D, Zhao ZQ, Jiang H, Zhang C, Huang XY, Ma BJ, Guo QJ. Isotope evidence for temporal and spatial variations of anthropogenic sulfate input in the Yihe River during the last decade. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120063. [PMID: 36049577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite oxidation and sedimentary sulfate dissolution are the primary components of riverine sulfate (SO42-) and are predominant in global SO42- flux into the ocean. However, the proportions of anthropogenic SO42- inputs have been unclear, and their tempo-spatial variations due to human activities have been unknown. Thus, field work was conducted in a spatially heterogeneous human-affected area of the Yihe River Basin (YRB) during a wet year (2010) and drought years (2017/2018). Dual sulfate isotopes (δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42-) and Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to calculate the variable anthropogenic SO42- inputs and elucidate their temporal impacts on riverine SO42- flux. The results of the mixing models indicated acid mine drainage (AMD) contributions increased from 56.1% to 83.1% of upstream sulfate and slightly decreased from 46.3% to 44.0% of midstream sulfate in 2010 and 2017/2018, respectively, in the Yihe River Basin. The higher upstream contribution was due to extensive metal-sulfide-bearing mine drainage. Sewage-derived SO42- and fertilizer-derived SO42- inputs in the lower reaches had dramatically altered SO42- concentrations and δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42- values. Due to climate change, the water flow discharge decreased by about 70% between 2010 and 2017/2018, but the riverine sulfate flux was reduced by only about 58%. The non-proportional increases in anthropogenic sulfate inputs led to decreases in the flow-weighted average values of δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42- from 10.3‰ to 9.9‰ and from 6.1‰ to 4.4‰, respectively. These outcomes confirm that anthropogenic SO42- inputs from acid mine drainage (AMD) have increased, but sewage effluents SO42- inputs have decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Duan
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xing-Yu Huang
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Bing-Juan Ma
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Qing-Jun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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145
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Dataset for tracing phosphorus sources by the oxygen isotopes of phosphate. Data Brief 2022; 45:108717. [PMID: 36624875 PMCID: PMC9823281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for the growth of marine life. Especially in the East China Sea (ECS) where phosphorus is limited compared to the rest of China's sea, the external input of phosphorus can cause changes in primary productivity, and even induce in harmful algal blooms. In May 2020, the National Natural Science Foundation of China carried out a scientific investigation in the shared Spring Voyage in the ECS. We choose the area between 120.93 ˚ E-125.9 ˚ E and 26.08˚ N - 32.35 ˚ N as research sites for the analysis of the main sources of phosphate in the ECS during summer. The samples were all from the voyage of the research ship (Xiangyanghong 18). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus in seawater was enriched, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus was extracted. Then we measured the oxygen isotopes of phosphate in seawater and introduced the two-component mixing model for the analysis of potential sources of phosphate. In order to further quantitatively analyze the contribution rate of phosphate from different sources in the ECS, we choose a Bayesian isotope mixing model. These data can be used to analyze the contribution of phosphate from different sources in seawater and are helpful to explore the influencing factors of phosphate in the ECS.
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146
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Mandeville EG, Hall RO, Buerkle CA. Ecological outcomes of hybridization vary extensively in Catostomus fishes. Evolution 2022; 76:2697-2711. [PMID: 36097356 PMCID: PMC9801484 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization outcomes vary geographically and can depend on the environment. Hybridization can also reshape biotic interactions, leading to ecological shifts. If hybrids function differently ecologically in ways that enhance or reduce fitness, and those ecological roles vary geographically, ecological factors might explain variation in hybridization outcomes. However, relatively few studies have focused on ecological traits of hybrids. We compared the feeding ecology of Catostomus fish species and hybrids by using stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) as a proxy for diet and habitat use, and compared two native species, an introduced species, and three interspecific hybrid crosses. We included hybrids and parental species from seven rivers where hybridization outcomes vary. Relative isotopic niches of native species varied geographically, but native species did not fully overlap in isotopic space in any river sampled, suggesting little overlap of resource use between historically sympatric species. The introduced species overlapped with one or both native species in every river, suggesting similar resource use and potential competition. Hybrids occupied intermediate, matching, or more transgressive isotopic niches, and varied within and among rivers. Ecological outcomes of hybridization varied across locations, implying that hybridization might have unpredictable, idiosyncratic ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Mandeville
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
| | - Robert O. Hall
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana USA (present address)
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
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147
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Hoenig BD, Trevelline BK, Kautz A, Latta SC, Porter BA. Two is better than one: Coupling DNA metabarcoding and stable isotope analysis improves dietary characterizations for a riparian-obligate, migratory songbird. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5635-5648. [PMID: 36089910 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While an increasing number of studies are adopting molecular and chemical methods for dietary characterization, these studies often employ only one of these laboratory-based techniques; this approach may yield an incomplete, or even biased, understanding of diet due to each method's inherent limitations. To explore the utility of coupling molecular and chemical techniques for dietary characterizations, we applied DNA metabarcoding alongside stable isotope analysis to characterize the dietary niche of breeding Louisiana waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla), a migratory songbird hypothesized to preferentially provision its offspring with pollution-intolerant, aquatic arthropod prey. While DNA metabarcoding was unable to determine if waterthrush provision aquatic and terrestrial prey in different abundances, we found that specific aquatic taxa were more likely to be detected in successive seasons than their terrestrial counterparts, thus supporting the aquatic specialization hypothesis. Our isotopic analysis added greater context to this hypothesis by concluding that breeding waterthrush provisioned Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, two pollution-intolerant, aquatic orders, in higher quantities than other prey groups, and expanded their functional trophic niche when such prey were not abundantly provisioned. Finally, we found that the dietary characterizations from each approach were often uncorrelated, indicating that the results gleaned from a diet study can be particularly sensitive to the applied methodologies. Our findings contribute to a growing body of work indicating the importance of high-quality, aquatic habitats for both consumers and their pollution-intolerant prey, while also demonstrating how the application of multiple, laboratory-based techniques can provide insights not offered by either technique alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Hoenig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian K Trevelline
- The Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Kautz
- Powdermill Nature Reserve, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Brady A Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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148
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Ding Y, Shi Q, OuYang L, Lai B, Lai C, Yao G, Wang Z, Jia B. Isotopic source identification of nitrogen pollution in the Pi River in Chengdu. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1609-1620. [PMID: 35118803 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study used stable isotope (δ15 N- NO 3 - and δ18 O- NO 3 - ) ratios, modeled by means of a Bayesian stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) approach, to identify nitrate sources in the Pi River, which flows through the megacity Chengdu. The goal was to determine where management resources should be applied to reduce nitrogen pollution. Results revealed that NO 3 - was the primary nitrogen species throughout the study area; that it originated in manure and sewage, as well as nitrification of fertilizer and soil nitrogen; and that the nitrogen in the main stream came primarily from the tributaries. Notably, the nitrogen concentration in the tributaries exhibited no evident seasonal variations, further demonstrating that its source was intensive anthropogenic activity. Results of Bayesian model (SIAR) estimation indicated that manure and sewage were the dominant nitrate contributors in the watershed and that the nitrate concentration decreased from 54.19% to 39.57% in response to water treatment. These results empirically demonstrate that the methodology described in this work can be used effectively in catchments affected by intensive anthropogenic activity to determine where management resources should be applied to reduce nitrogen pollution. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1609-1620. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ding
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Chengdu Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lili OuYang
- Chengdu Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lai
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chengyue Lai
- Chengdu Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Institute for Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Zhaoli Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Binyang Jia
- Chengdu Operation Center for Environmental Emergencie, Chengdu, P.R. China
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149
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Dong J, Zhao X, Liu C, Huang Z, Qadeer A, Zhu Y, Wang H, Zheng B. Multi-isotope tracing nitrate dynamics and sources during thermal stratification in a deep reservoir. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135816. [PMID: 35948094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrate (NO3-) input to reservoirs is a global concern. However, the dynamics and sources of NO3- under thermal stratification in deep reservoirs were rarely explored. In this study, multi-stable isotopes (δ15N/δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-particulate nitrogen (PN), δ15N-dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and δ2H/δ18O-H2O) and a Bayesian mixing model were applied to reveal the biogeochemical processes and sources of NO3- in a deep reservoir with obvious nitrogen pollution. The results showed that the reservoir was thermally stratified in July while vertically mixed in October. The distribution of δ2H-H2O suggested that riverine nitrogen migrated to the epilimnion and metalimnion during stratification in the reservoir. In the epilimnion and metalimnion, the significant reduction in NO3- concentration was related to the enhancement of assimilation by thermal stratification. Meanwhile, the positive linear correlations between δ18O-NO3- and δ18O-H2O suggested that in-reservoir nitrification occurred, with its depth confined above the hypolimnion. In the hypolimnion, denitrification processes were absent due to the aerobic environment. Overall, NO3- dynamics were mainly controlled by nitrogen inflow, in-reservoir nitrification, and assimilation during thermal stratification. The results of the Bayesian mixing model showed that manure and sewage, and soil nitrogen were the dominant NO3- sources of the reservoir. This study provides new insights and data to help manage and restore deep waters worldwide in tackling a similar situation of nitrogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Chengyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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150
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Shiozuka N, Katano I, Kanzaki T, Kikuchi R, Sato N, Nakashita R, Kudo S, Ikeda H, Azuma N. Isotopic Diet Analysis of the Japanese Water Shrew Chimarrogale platycephala to Estimate Their Feeding Habits and the Usefulness of Body Hair Samples. MAMMAL STUDY 2022. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Shiozuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Izumi Katano
- Faculty, Division of Natural Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-higashimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Toko Kanzaki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Rumiko Nakashita
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Seiya Kudo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Azuma
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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