101
|
Development of a neutralization assay based on the pseudotyped chikungunya virus of a Korean isolate. J Microbiol 2019; 58:46-53. [PMID: 31768937 PMCID: PMC7091072 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus of Togaviridae family and contains a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. Infection by this virus mainly causes sudden high fever, rashes, headache, and severe joint pain that can last for several months or years. CHIKV, a mosquito-borne arbovirus, is considered a re-emerging pathogen that has become one of the most pressing global health concerns due to a rapid increase in epidemics. Because handling of CHIKV is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities, the evaluation of prophylactic vaccines or antivirals has been substantially hampered. In this study, we first iden-tified the whole structural polyprotein sequence of a CHIKV strain isolated in South Korea (KNIH/2009/77). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence clustered within the East/ Central/South African CHIKV genotype. Using this sequence information, we constructed a CHIKV-pseudotyped lenti-virus expressing the structural polyprotein of the Korean CHIKV isolate (CHIKVpseudo) and dual reporter genes of green fluorescence protein and luciferase. We then developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA) using CHIKVpseudo. Results from this assay compared to those from the conventional plaque reduction neutralization test showed that our PBNA was a reliable and rapid method to evaluate the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies. More importantly, the neutralizing activities of human sera from CHIKV-infected individuals were quantitated by PBNA using CHIKVpseudo. Taken together, these results suggest that our PBNA for CHIKV may serve as a useful and safe method for testing the neutralizing activity of antibodies against CHIKV in BSL-2 facilities.
Collapse
|
102
|
Quiroz JA, Malonis RJ, Thackray LB, Cohen CA, Pallesen J, Jangra RK, Brown RS, Hofmann D, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Nyakatura EK, Durnell LA, Rayannavar V, Daily JP, Ward AB, Aman MJ, Dye JM, Chandran K, Diamond MS, Kielian M, Lai JR. Human monoclonal antibodies against chikungunya virus target multiple distinct epitopes in the E1 and E2 glycoproteins. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008061. [PMID: 31697791 PMCID: PMC6837291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes persistent arthritis in a subset of human patients. We report the isolation and functional characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from two patients infected with CHIKV in the Dominican Republic. Single B cell sorting yielded a panel of 46 human mAbs of diverse germline lineages that targeted epitopes within the E1 or E2 glycoproteins. MAbs that recognized either E1 or E2 proteins exhibited neutralizing activity. Viral escape mutations localized the binding epitopes for two E1 mAbs to sites within domain I or the linker between domains I and III; and for two E2 mAbs between the β-connector region and the B-domain. Two of the E2-specific mAbs conferred protection in vivo in a stringent lethal challenge mouse model of CHIKV infection, whereas the E1 mAbs did not. These results provide insight into human antibody response to CHIKV and identify candidate mAbs for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesper Pallesen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Hofmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vinayak Rayannavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Earnest JT, Basore K, Roy V, Bailey AL, Wang D, Alter G, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Neutralizing antibodies against Mayaro virus require Fc effector functions for protective activity. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2282-2301. [PMID: 31337735 PMCID: PMC6781005 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite causing outbreaks of fever and arthritis in multiple countries, no countermeasures exist against Mayaro virus (MAYV), an emerging mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. We generated 18 neutralizing mAbs against MAYV, 11 of which had "elite" activity that inhibited infection with EC50 values of <10 ng/ml. Antibodies with the greatest inhibitory capacity in cell culture mapped to epitopes near the fusion peptide of E1 and in domain B of the E2 glycoproteins. Unexpectedly, many of the elite neutralizing mAbs failed to prevent MAYV infection and disease in vivo. Instead, the most protective mAbs bound viral antigen on the cell surface with high avidity and promoted specific Fc effector functions, including phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. In subclass switching studies, murine IgG2a and humanized IgG1 mAb variants controlled infection better than murine IgG1 and humanized IgG1-N297Q variants. An optimally protective antibody response to MAYV and possibly other alphaviruses may require tandem virus neutralization by the Fab moiety and effector functions of the Fc region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katherine Basore
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Rodrigues RL, Menezes GDL, Saivish MV, Costa VGD, Pereira M, Moreli ML, Silva RAD. Prediction of MAYV peptide antigens for immunodiagnostic tests by immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13339. [PMID: 31527652 PMCID: PMC6746749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mayaro virus is endemic to South America, and the possible involvement of Aedes spp. mosquitoes in its transmission is a risk factor for outbreaks of greater proportions. The virus causes a potentially disabling illness known as Mayaro fever, which is similar to that caused by the chikungunya virus. The cocirculation of both viruses, with their clinical and structural similarities, and the absence of prophylactic and therapeutic measures highlight the need for studies that seek to understand the Mayaro virus. Using approaches in silico, we identified an antigenic and specific epitope (p_MAYV4) in domain A of the E2 glycoprotein of the Mayaro virus. This epitope was theoretically predicted to be stable and exposed on the surface of the protein, where it showed key properties that enable its interaction with neutralizing antibodies. These characteristics make it an interesting target for the development of immunodiagnostic platforms. Molecular dynamics simulation-based structural analysis showed that the PHE95 residue in the E1 fusion loop region is conserved among Alphavirus family members. PHE95 interacts with the hydrophobic residues of the E2 glycoprotein to form a cage-shaped structure that is critical to assemble and stabilize the E1/E2 heterodimer. These results provide important insights useful for the advancement of diagnostic platforms and the study of therapeutic alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Virologia, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivaldo Gomes Da Costa
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Virologia, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil.
| | - Roosevelt Alves Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Núcleo Colaborativo de BioSistemas, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Understudied Factors Influencing Fc-Mediated Immune Responses against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030103. [PMID: 31480293 PMCID: PMC6789852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in host defense against viruses, both by preventing infection and by controlling viral replication. Besides their capacity to neutralize viruses, antibodies also exert their antiviral effects by crystallizable fragment (Fc)-mediated effector mechanisms. This involves a bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems, wherein antibodies form immune complexes that drive numerous innate immune effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Here, we review certain mechanisms that modulate these antibody-mediated effector functions against virally infected cells, such as viral glycoprotein shedding, viral glycoprotein internalization, antibody cooperativity, and antibody glycosylation. These mechanisms can either protect viral replication or enhance infected cell clearance. Here we discuss the importance of these understudied factors in modulating Fc-mediated effector functions.
Collapse
|
106
|
Young AR, Locke MC, Cook LE, Hiller BE, Zhang R, Hedberg ML, Monte KJ, Veis DJ, Diamond MS, Lenschow DJ. Dermal and muscle fibroblasts and skeletal myofibers survive chikungunya virus infection and harbor persistent RNA. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007993. [PMID: 31465513 PMCID: PMC6715174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that acutely causes fever as well as severe joint and muscle pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain persists in a substantial fraction of patients for months to years after the initial infection, yet we still have a poor understanding of what promotes chronic disease. While replicating virus has not been detected in joint-associated tissues of patients with persistent arthritis nor in various animal models at convalescent time points, viral RNA is detected months after acute infection. To identify the cells that might contribute to pathogenesis during this chronic phase, we developed a recombinant CHIKV that expresses Cre recombinase (CHIKV-3'-Cre). CHIKV-3'-Cre replicated in myoblasts and fibroblasts, and it induced arthritis during the acute phase in mice. Importantly, it also induced chronic disease, including persistent viral RNA and chronic myositis and synovitis similar to wild-type virus. CHIKV-3'-Cre infection of tdTomato reporter mice resulted in a population of tdTomato+ cells that persisted for at least 112 days. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric profiling revealed that these tdTomato+ cells predominantly were myofibers and dermal and muscle fibroblasts. Treatment with an antibody against Mxra8, a recently defined host receptor for CHIKV, reduced the number of tdTomato+ cells in the chronic phase and diminished the levels of chronic viral RNA, implicating these tdTomato+ cells as the reservoir of chronic viral RNA. Finally, isolation and flow cytometry-based sorting of the tdTomato+ fibroblasts from the skin and ankle and analysis for viral RNA revealed that the tdTomato+ cells harbor most of the persistent CHIKV RNA at chronic time points. Therefore, this CHIKV-3'-Cre and tdTomato reporter mouse system identifies the cells that survive CHIKV infection in vivo and are enriched for persistent CHIKV RNA. This model represents a useful tool for studying CHIKV pathogenesis in the acute and chronic stages of disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/virology
- Chikungunya Fever/metabolism
- Chikungunya Fever/virology
- Chikungunya virus/genetics
- Chikungunya virus/pathogenicity
- Dermis/metabolism
- Dermis/pathology
- Dermis/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/virology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Virus Replication
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa R. Young
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marissa C. Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bradley E. Hiller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Hedberg
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristen J. Monte
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Fernandes AIV, Souza JR, Silva AR, Cruz SBSC, Castellano LRC. Immunoglobulin Therapy in a Patient With Severe Chikungunya Fever and Vesiculobullous Lesions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1498. [PMID: 31312203 PMCID: PMC6614379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus whose transmission has already been reported in several countries. Although the majority of individuals acutely infected with CHIKV appear to become asymptomatic, reports showing the occurrence of atypical and severe forms of the disease are increasing. Among them, the neurological and skin manifestations require medical attention. Treatment of CHIKV infection is almost symptomatic. In this sense, we report the case of a 56-years-old man who presented fever, headaches, paresthesia and pain in the right arm with visible red spots on the skin starting 30 days before Hospital admission. Tests determined Chikungunya infection and excluded other co-morbidities. Disease evolved with edema in hands and feet and extensive hemorrhagic bullous lesions on the skin of upper and lower limbs. Variations in hematological counts associated with liver dysfunction determined this patient's admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Then, he received intravenous antibiotic and immunoglobulin therapy (400 mg/Kg/day for the period of 5 days) with total recovery from the lesions after 10 days of follow-up. A general improvement in blood cell count and successful wound healing was observed. After discharge, no other clinical sign of the disease was reported until nowadays. This case reports for the first time the successful administration of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to a patient with severe atypical dermatological form of Chikungunya Fever without any associated comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel V Fernandes
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Division for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Joelma R Souza
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano R Silva
- Division for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sara B S C Cruz
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R C Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Widjaja I, Wang C, van Haperen R, Gutiérrez-Álvarez J, van Dieren B, Okba NMA, Raj VS, Li W, Fernandez-Delgado R, Grosveld F, van Kuppeveld FJM, Haagmans BL, Enjuanes L, Drabek D, Bosch BJ. Towards a solution to MERS: protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:516-530. [PMID: 30938227 PMCID: PMC6455120 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1597644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus that causes severe and often fatal respiratory disease in humans. Efforts to develop antibody-based therapies have focused on neutralizing antibodies that target the receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein thereby blocking receptor binding. Here, we developed a set of human monoclonal antibodies that target functionally distinct domains of the MERS-CoV spike protein. These antibodies belong to six distinct epitope groups and interfere with the three critical entry functions of the MERS-CoV spike protein: sialic acid binding, receptor binding and membrane fusion. Passive immunization with potently as well as with poorly neutralizing antibodies protected mice from lethal MERS-CoV challenge. Collectively, these antibodies offer new ways to gain humoral protection in humans against the emerging MERS-CoV by targeting different spike protein epitopes and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Widjaja
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Chunyan Wang
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Rien van Haperen
- b Department of Cell Biology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands.,c Harbour Antibodies B.V. , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Javier Gutiérrez-Álvarez
- d Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , National Center for Biotechnology-Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Brenda van Dieren
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Nisreen M A Okba
- e Department of Viroscience , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - V Stalin Raj
- e Department of Viroscience , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Wentao Li
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Raul Fernandez-Delgado
- d Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , National Center for Biotechnology-Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Frank Grosveld
- b Department of Cell Biology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands.,c Harbour Antibodies B.V. , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- e Department of Viroscience , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- d Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , National Center for Biotechnology-Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Dubravka Drabek
- b Department of Cell Biology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands.,c Harbour Antibodies B.V. , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- a Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Song H, Zhao Z, Chai Y, Jin X, Li C, Yuan F, Liu S, Gao Z, Wang H, Song J, Vazquez L, Zhang Y, Tan S, Morel CM, Yan J, Shi Y, Qi J, Gao F, Gao GF. Molecular Basis of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Receptor MXRA8 Binding to Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein. Cell 2019; 177:1714-1724.e12. [PMID: 31080063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), cause severe and debilitating rheumatic diseases worldwide, resulting in severe morbidity and economic costs. Recently, MXRA8 was reported as an entry receptor. Here, we present the crystal structures of the mouse MXRA8, human MXRA8 in complex with the CHIKV E protein, and the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human MXRA8 and CHIKV virus-like particle. MXRA8 has two Ig-like domains with unique structural topologies. This receptor binds in the "canyon" between two protomers of the E spike on the surface of the virion. The atomic details at the interface between the two binding entities reveal that both the two domains and the hinge region of MXRA8 are involved in interaction with CHIKV E1-E2 residues from two protomers. Notably, the stalk region of MXRA8 is critical for CHIKV virus entry. This finding provides important information regarding the development of therapeutic countermeasures against those arthritogenic alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiyue Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Changyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Haiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Leonardo Vazquez
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT-IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Carlos M Morel
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT-IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Cryo-EM Structure of Chikungunya Virus in Complex with the Mxra8 Receptor. Cell 2019; 177:1725-1737.e16. [PMID: 31080061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses that cause debilitating acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease in humans. Herein, we present a 2.2 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of Mxra8 and 4 to 5 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of Mxra8 bound to chikungunya (CHIKV) virus-like particles and infectious virus. The Mxra8 ectodomain contains two strand-swapped Ig-like domains oriented in a unique disulfide-linked head-to-head arrangement. Mxra8 binds by wedging into a cleft created by two adjacent CHIKV E2-E1 heterodimers in one trimeric spike and engaging a neighboring spike. Two binding modes are observed with the fully mature VLP, with one Mxra8 binding with unique contacts. Only the high-affinity binding mode was observed in the complex with infectious CHIKV, as viral maturation and E3 occupancy appear to influence receptor binding-site usage. Our studies provide insight into how Mxra8 binds CHIKV and creates a path for developing alphavirus entry inhibitors.
Collapse
|
111
|
Assessment of Immunogenicity and Neutralisation Efficacy of Viral-Vectored Vaccines Against Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040322. [PMID: 30987160 PMCID: PMC6521086 DOI: 10.3390/v11040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused extensive outbreaks in several countries within the Americas, Asia, Oceanic/Pacific Islands, and Europe. In humans, CHIKV infections cause a debilitating disease with acute febrile illness and long-term polyarthralgia. Acute and chronic symptoms impose a major economic burden to health systems and contribute to poverty in affected countries. An efficacious vaccine would be an important step towards decreasing the disease burden caused by CHIKV infection. Despite no licensed vaccine is yet available for CHIKV, there is strong evidence of effective asymptomatic viral clearance due to neutralising antibodies against the viral structural proteins. We have designed viral-vectored vaccines to express the structural proteins of CHIKV, using the replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral platform, ChAdOx1. Expression of the CHIKV antigens results in the formation of chikungunya virus-like particles. Our vaccines induce high frequencies of anti-chikungunya specific T-cell responses as well as high titres of anti-CHIKV E2 antibodies with high capacity for in vitro neutralisation. Our results indicate the potential for further clinical development of the ChAdOx1 vaccine platform in CHIKV vaccinology.
Collapse
|
112
|
Filomatori CV, Bardossy ES, Merwaiss F, Suzuki Y, Henrion A, Saleh MC, Alvarez DE. RNA recombination at Chikungunya virus 3'UTR as an evolutionary mechanism that provides adaptability. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007706. [PMID: 30986247 PMCID: PMC6502353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of RNA viruses to adapt to new environments relies on their ability to introduce changes in their genomes, which has resulted in the recent expansion of re-emergent viruses. Chikungunya virus is an important human pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes that, after 60 years of exclusive circulation in Asia and Africa, has rapidly spread in Europe and the Americas. Here, we examined the evolution of CHIKV in different hosts and uncovered host-specific requirements of the CHIKV 3'UTR. Sequence repeats are conserved at the CHIKV 3'UTR but vary in copy number among viral lineages. We found that these blocks of repeated sequences favor RNA recombination processes through copy-choice mechanism that acts concertedly with viral selection, determining the emergence of new viral variants. Functional analyses using a panel of mutant viruses indicated that opposite selective pressures in mosquito and mammalian cells impose a fitness cost during transmission that is alleviated by recombination guided by sequence repeats. Indeed, drastic changes in the frequency of viral variants with different numbers of repeats were detected during host switch. We propose that RNA recombination accelerates CHIKV adaptability, allowing the virus to overcome genetic bottlenecks within the mosquito host. These studies highlight the role of 3'UTR plasticity on CHIKV evolution, providing a new paradigm to explain the significance of sequence repetitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. Filomatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia S. Bardossy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - María Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Diego E. Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Jin J, Simmons G. Antiviral Functions of Monoclonal Antibodies against Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040305. [PMID: 30925717 PMCID: PMC6520934 DOI: 10.3390/v11040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the most common alphavirus infecting humans worldwide. Antibodies play pivotal roles in the immune response to infection. Increasingly, therapeutic antibodies are becoming important for protection from pathogen infection for which neither vaccine nor treatment is available, such as CHIKV infection. The new generation of ultra-potent and/or broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides new opportunities for intervention. In the past decade, several potent human and mouse anti-CHIKV mAbs were isolated and demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Mechanistic studies of these mAbs suggest that mAbs exert multiple modes of action cooperatively. Better understanding of these antiviral mechanisms for mAbs will help to optimize mAb therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Salazar V, Jagger BW, Mongkolsapaya J, Burgomaster KE, Dejnirattisai W, Winkler ES, Fernandez E, Nelson CA, Fremont DH, Pierson TC, Crowe JE, Screaton GR, Diamond MS. Dengue and Zika Virus Cross-Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Spondweni Virus Infection and Pathogenesis in Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1585-1597.e4. [PMID: 30726740 PMCID: PMC6420780 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondweni virus (SPOV) is the flavivirus that is most closely related to Zika virus (ZIKV). Although SPOV causes sporadic human infections in Africa, recently it was found in Culex mosquitoes in Haiti. To investigate the pathogenic spectrum of SPOV, we developed infection models in mice. Although two SPOV strains failed to cause disease in immunocompetent mice, each accumulated in the brain, spleen, eye, testis, and kidney when type I interferon signaling was blocked and unexpectedly caused infection, immune cell infiltration, and swelling in the ankle. In pregnant mice, SPOV replicated in the placenta and fetus but did not cause placental insufficiency or microcephaly. We identified human antibodies from ZIKV or DENV immune subjects that neutralized SPOV infection and protected against lethal challenge. Our experiments describe similarities and differences in clinical syndromes between SPOV and ZIKV and suggest that their serological relatedness has implications for antibody therapeutics and flavivirus vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brett W Jagger
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Structural basis of a potent human monoclonal antibody against Zika virus targeting a quaternary epitope. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1591-1596. [PMID: 30642974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815432116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major human pathogen and member of the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. In contrast to most other insect-transmitted flaviviruses, ZIKV also can be transmitted sexually and from mother to fetus in humans. During recent outbreaks, ZIKV infections have been linked to microcephaly, congenital disease, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neutralizing antibodies have potential as therapeutic agents. We report here a 4-Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the ZIKV virion in complex with Fab fragments of the potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibody ZIKV-195. The footprint of the ZIKV-195 Fab fragment expands across two adjacent envelope (E) protein protomers. ZIKV neutralization by this antibody is presumably accomplished by cross-linking the E proteins, which likely prevents formation of E protein trimers required for fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. A single dose of ZIKV-195 administered 5 days after virus inoculation showed marked protection against lethality in a stringent mouse model of infection.
Collapse
|
116
|
Modeling Arboviral Infection in Mice Lacking the Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010035. [PMID: 30625992 PMCID: PMC6356211 DOI: 10.3390/v11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution and are a constant threat, not only for public health but also for wildlife, domestic animals, and even plants. To study disease pathogenesis and to develop efficient and safe therapies, the use of an appropriate animal model is a critical concern. Adult mice with gene knockouts of the interferon α/β (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR(-/-)) have been described as a model of arbovirus infections. Studies with the natural hosts of these viruses are limited by financial and ethical issues, and in some cases, the need to have facilities with a biosafety level 3 with sufficient space to accommodate large animals. Moreover, the number of animals in the experiments must provide results with statistical significance. Recent advances in animal models in the last decade among other gaps in knowledge have contributed to the better understanding of arbovirus infections. A tremendous advantage of the IFNAR(-/-) mouse model is the availability of a wide variety of reagents that can be used to study many aspects of the immune response to the virus. Although extrapolation of findings in mice to natural hosts must be done with care due to differences in the biology between mouse and humans, experimental infections of IFNAR(-/-) mice with several studied arboviruses closely mimics hallmarks of these viruses in their natural host. Therefore, IFNAR(-/-) mice are a good model to facilitate studies on arbovirus transmission, pathogenesis, virulence, and the protective efficacy of new vaccines. In this review article, the most important arboviruses that have been studied using the IFNAR(-/-) mouse model will be reviewed.
Collapse
|
117
|
Abstract
Chikungunya is a clinically and economically important arbovirus that has spread globally in the twenty-first century. While uncommonly fatal, infection with the virus can lead to incapacitating arthralgia that can persist for months to years. The adverse impacts of viral spread are most severe in developing low- and middle-income countries in which medical infrastructure is insufficient and manual labor is an economic driver. Unfortunately, no prophylactic or therapeutic treatments are approved for human use to combat the virus. Historically, vaccination has proven to be the most efficient and successful strategy for protecting populations and eradicating infectious disease. A large and diverse range of promising vaccination approaches for use against Chikungunya has emerged in recent years and been shown to safely elicit protective immune responses in animal models and humans. Importantly, many of these are based on technologies that have been clinically approved for use against other pathogens. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently ongoing for a subset of these. The purpose of this review is to provide a description of the relevant immunobiology of Chikungunya infection, to present immune-stimulating technologies that have been successfully employed to protect against infection, and discuss priorities and challenges regarding the future development of a vaccine for clinical use.
Collapse
|
118
|
Tuekprakhon A, Puiprom O, Sasaki T, Michiels J, Bartholomeeusen K, Nakayama EE, Meno MK, Phadungsombat J, Huits R, Ariën KK, Luplertlop N, Shioda T, Leaungwutiwong P. Broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies against chikungunya virus structural proteins: Promising candidates for antibody-based rapid diagnostic test development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208851. [PMID: 30557365 PMCID: PMC6296674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the aggressive global spread of the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an accurate and accessible diagnostic tool is of high importance. CHIKV, an arthritogenic alphavirus, comprises three genotypes: East/Central/South African (ECSA), West African (WA), and Asian. A previous rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test detecting CHIKV E1 protein showed promising performance for detection of the ECSA genotype. Unfortunately, this kit exhibited lower capacity for detection of the Asian genotype, currently in circulation in the Americas, reflecting the low avidity of one of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in this IC kit for the E1 protein of the Asian-genotype because of a variant amino acid sequence. To address this shortcoming, we set out to generate a new panel of broad-spectrum mouse anti-CHIKV mAbs using hybridoma technology. We report here the successful generation of mouse anti-CHIKV mAbs targeting CHIKV E1 and capsid proteins. These mAbs possessed broad reactivity to all three CHIKV genotypes, while most of the mAbs lacked cross-reactivity towards Sindbis, dengue, and Zika viruses. Two of the mAbs also lacked cross-reactivity towards other alphaviruses, including O'nyong-nyong, Ross River, Mayaro, Western Equine Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses. In addition, another two mAbs cross-reacted weakly only with most closely related O'nyong-nyong virus. Effective diagnosis is one of the keys to disease control but to date, no antibody-based rapid IC platform for CHIKV is commercially available. Thus, the application of the mAbs characterized here in the rapid diagnostic IC kit for CHIKV detection is expected to be of great value for clinical diagnosis and surveillance purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapim Puiprom
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael K. Meno
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ralph Huits
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TS); (PL)
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (TS); (PL)
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Selection and characterization of protective anti-chikungunya virus single domain antibodies. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:190-197. [PMID: 30550981 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes an arthralgia febrile illness that has affected millions of people on three continents. Previously, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that have prophylactic and therapeutic activity were found to remove virus in joint tissues, thereby reducing the severity of symptoms in mice and non-human primates. In this study, we sought to develop thermostable small recombinant antibodies against CHIKV for future diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic applications. To develop these single domain antibodies (sdAb) a CHIKV immune library was constructed by displaying the consortium of variable heavy domains (VHH) amplified from peripheral white blood cells isolated from llamas immunized with CHIKV virus-like particles (VLPs). Five anti-CHIKV sdAb isolated using bio-panning were evaluated for their affinity and thermal stability. Their ability to detect CHIKV VLPs was demonstrated in both MagPlex- and ELISA- based assays. Finally, the ability of two sdAb, CC3 and CA6, to inhibit CHIKV infection were tested using a plaque reduction and neutralization test (PRNT), yielding PRNT50 values of 0.6 and 45.6 nM, respectively.
Collapse
|
120
|
Goyal M, Chauhan A, Goyal V, Jaiswal N, Singh S, Singh M. Recent development in the strategies projected for chikungunya vaccine in humans. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:4195-4206. [PMID: 30573950 PMCID: PMC6292406 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s181574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented epidemic spread of chikungunya worldwide illustrates the critical need for potent vaccines and therapeutic interventions. The morbidity and mortality associated with this arboviral infection has become a major public health problem in many countries across different continents. Increasing public–private partnerships have opened new avenues in research and development of vaccines. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in patented approaches for chikungunya vaccine development and the forthcoming challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Anil Chauhan
- Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | | | - Nishant Jaiswal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, .,Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, .,Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Protective antibodies against Eastern equine encephalitis virus bind to epitopes in domains A and B of the E2 glycoprotein. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:187-197. [PMID: 30455470 PMCID: PMC6294662 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus with a high case mortality rate in humans. EEEV is a biodefense concern because of its potential for aerosol spread and the lack of existing countermeasures. In this study, we identified a panel of 18 neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the EEEV E2 protein, several of which had “elite” activity with 50% and 99% inhibitory concentrations (EC50 and EC99) of less than 10 and 100 ng/ml, respectively. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis and neutralization escape mapping analysis revealed epitopes for these mAbs in domains A or B of the E2 glycoprotein. A majority of the neutralizing mAbs blocked at a post-attachment stage, with several inhibiting viral membrane fusion. Administration of one dose of anti-EEEV mAbs protected mice from lethal subcutaneous or aerosol challenge. These experiments define the mechanistic basis for neutralization by protective anti-EEEV mAbs and suggest a path forward for treatment and vaccine design.
Collapse
|
122
|
Milligan GN, Schnierle BS, McAuley AJ, Beasley DWC. Defining a correlate of protection for chikungunya virus vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 37:7427-7436. [PMID: 30448337 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus infection causes a debilitating febrile illness that in many affected individuals is associated with long-term sequelae that can persist for months or years. Over the past decade a large number of candidate vaccines have been developed, several of which have now entered clinical trials. The rapid and sporadic nature of chikungunya outbreaks poses challenges for planning of large clinical efficacy trials suggesting that licensure of chikungunya vaccines may utilize non-traditional approval pathways based on identification of immunological endpoint(s) predictive of clinical benefit. This report reviews the current status of nonclinical and clinical testing and potential challenges for defining a suitable surrogate or correlate of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg N Milligan
- WHO Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara S Schnierle
- WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Vaccines, Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Section AIDS, New and Emerging Pathogens, Virology Division, Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David W C Beasley
- WHO Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Tanabe ISB, Tanabe ELL, Santos EC, Martins WV, Araújo IMTC, Cavalcante MCA, Lima ARV, Câmara NOS, Anderson L, Yunusov D, Bassi ÊJ. Cellular and Molecular Immune Response to Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:345. [PMID: 30364124 PMCID: PMC6191487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emergent arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that causes a disease characterized primarily by fever, rash and severe persistent polyarthralgia. In the last decade, CHIKV has become a serious public health problem causing several outbreaks around the world. Despite the fact that CHIKV has been around since 1952, our knowledge about immunopathology, innate and adaptive immune response involved in this infectious disease is incomplete. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the current knowledge about immune response to CHIKV and about soluble immunological markers associated with the morbidity, prognosis and chronicity of this arbovirus disease. In addition, we discuss the progress in the research of new vaccines for preventing CHIKV infection and the use of monoclonal antibodies as a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ithallo S B Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Eloiza L L Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Elane C Santos
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Wanessa V Martins
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Isadora M T C Araújo
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Maria C A Cavalcante
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ana R V Lima
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia dos Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Anderson
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Dinar Yunusov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Genome Research Center, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Ênio J Bassi
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Jin J, Galaz-Montoya JG, Sherman MB, Sun SY, Goldsmith CS, O'Toole ET, Ackerman L, Carlson LA, Weaver SC, Chiu W, Simmons G. Neutralizing Antibodies Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Budding at the Plasma Membrane. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:417-428.e5. [PMID: 30146390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are traditionally thought to inhibit virus infection by preventing virion entry into target cells. In addition, antibodies can engage Fc receptors (FcRs) on immune cells to activate antiviral responses. We describe a mechanism by which NAbs inhibit chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the most common alphavirus infecting humans, by preventing virus budding from infected human cells and activating IgG-specific Fcγ receptors. NAbs bind to CHIKV glycoproteins on the infected cell surface and induce glycoprotein coalescence, preventing budding of nascent virions and leaving structurally heterogeneous nucleocapsids arrested in the cytosol. Furthermore, NAbs induce clustering of CHIKV replication spherules at sites of budding blockage. Functionally, these densely packed glycoprotein-NAb complexes on infected cells activate Fcγ receptors, inducing a strong, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity response from immune effector cells. Our findings describe a triply functional antiviral pathway for NAbs that might be broadly applicable across virus-host systems, suggesting avenues for therapeutic innovation through antibody design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jesús G Galaz-Montoya
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael B Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stella Y Sun
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Boulder Laboratory for 3-D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Larry Ackerman
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Gorman MJ, Caine EA, Zaitsev K, Begley MC, Weger-Lucarelli J, Uccellini MB, Tripathi S, Morrison J, Yount BL, Dinnon KH, Rückert C, Young MC, Zhu Z, Robertson SJ, McNally KL, Ye J, Cao B, Mysorekar IU, Ebel GD, Baric RS, Best SM, Artyomov MN, Garcia-Sastre A, Diamond MS. An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Zika Virus Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:672-685.e6. [PMID: 29746837 PMCID: PMC5953559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress toward understanding Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis is hindered by lack of immunocompetent small animal models, in part because ZIKV fails to effectively antagonize Stat2-dependent interferon (IFN) responses in mice. To address this limitation, we first passaged an African ZIKV strain (ZIKV-Dak-41525) through Rag1-/- mice to obtain a mouse-adapted virus (ZIKV-Dak-MA) that was more virulent than ZIKV-Dak-41525 in mice treated with an anti-Ifnar1 antibody. A G18R substitution in NS4B was the genetic basis for the increased replication, and resulted in decreased IFN-β production, diminished IFN-stimulated gene expression, and the greater brain infection observed with ZIKV-Dak-MA. To generate a fully immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKV infection, human STAT2 was introduced into the mouse Stat2 locus (hSTAT2 KI). Subcutaneous inoculation of pregnant hSTAT2 KI mice with ZIKV-Dak-MA resulted in spread to the placenta and fetal brain. An immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKV infection may prove valuable for evaluating countermeasures to limit disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gorman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Caine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Matthew C Begley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa B Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelly J Robertson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kristin L McNally
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Center of Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Center of Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Current Strategies for Inhibition of Chikungunya Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050235. [PMID: 29751486 PMCID: PMC5977228 DOI: 10.3390/v10050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and co-infections with Dengue/Zika virus have highlighted the urgency for CHIKV management. Failure in developing effective vaccines or specific antivirals has fuelled further research. This review discusses updated strategies of CHIKV inhibition and provides possible future directions. In addition, it analyzes advances in CHIKV lifecycle, drug-target development, and potential hits obtained by in silico and experimental methods. Molecules identified with anti-CHIKV properties using traditional/rational drug design and their potential to succeed in subsequent stages of drug development have also been discussed. Possibilities of repurposing existing drugs based on their in vitro findings have also been elucidated. Probable modes of interference of these compounds at various stages of infection, including entry and replication, have been highlighted. The use of host factors as targets to identify antivirals against CHIKV has been addressed. While most of the earlier antivirals were effective in the early phases of the CHIKV life cycle, this review is also focused on drug candidates that are effective at multiple stages of its life cycle. Since most of these antivirals require validation in preclinical and clinical models, the challenges regarding this have been discussed and will provide critical information for further research.
Collapse
|
127
|
Zhang R, Kim AS, Fox JM, Nair S, Basore K, Klimstra WB, Rimkunas R, Fong RH, Lin H, Poddar S, Crowe JE, Doranz BJ, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses. Nature 2018; 557:570-574. [PMID: 29769725 PMCID: PMC5970976 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses comprise a group of enveloped RNA viruses that are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and cause debilitating acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease 1 . The host factors required for alphavirus entry remain poorly characterized 2 . Here we use a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9-based screen to identify the cell adhesion molecule Mxra8 as an entry mediator for multiple emerging arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya, Ross River, Mayaro and O'nyong nyong viruses. Gene editing of mouse Mxra8 or human MXRA8 resulted in reduced levels of viral infection of cells and, reciprocally, ectopic expression of these genes resulted in increased infection. Mxra8 bound directly to chikungunya virus particles and enhanced virus attachment and internalization into cells. Consistent with these findings, Mxra8-Fc fusion protein or anti-Mxra8 monoclonal antibodies blocked chikungunya virus infection in multiple cell types, including primary human synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Mutagenesis experiments suggest that Mxra8 binds to a surface-exposed region across the A and B domains of chikungunya virus E2 protein, which are a speculated site of attachment. Finally, administration of the Mxra8-Fc protein or anti-Mxra8 blocking antibodies to mice reduced chikungunya and O'nyong nyong virus infection as well as associated foot swelling. Pharmacological targeting of Mxra8 could form a strategy for mitigating infection and disease by multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharmila Nair
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Hueylie Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Subhajit Poddar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Wong G, Qiu XG. Type I interferon receptor knockout mice as models for infection of highly pathogenic viruses with outbreak potential. Zool Res 2018; 39:3-14. [PMID: 29511140 PMCID: PMC5869239 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inability to generate a complete immune response, mice knockout for type I interferon (IFN) receptors (Ifnar–/–) are more susceptible to viral infections, and are thus commonly used for pathogenesis studies. This mouse model has been used to study many diseases caused by highly pathogenic viruses from many families, including the Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Henipaviridae, and Togaviridae. In this review, we summarize the findings from these animal studies, and discuss the pros and cons of using this model versus other known methods for studying pathogenesis in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen Guangzhou 518020, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Xiang-Guo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Zaid A, Gérardin P, Taylor A, Mostafavi H, Malvy D, Mahalingam S. Chikungunya Arthritis: Implications of Acute and Chronic Inflammation Mechanisms on Disease Management. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:484-495. [PMID: 29287308 DOI: 10.1002/art.40403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, arboviruses-arthropod-borne viruses-have been the focus of public health institutions worldwide following a spate of devastating outbreaks. Chikungunya virus, an arbovirus that belongs to the alphavirus genus, is a reemerging arthritogenic virus that has caused explosive outbreaks since 2006, notably on Réunion Island, and more recently in the Caribbean, South America, India, and Southeast Asia. The severity of arthritic disease caused by chikungunya virus has prompted public health authorities in affected countries to develop specific guidelines to tackle this pathogen. Chikungunya virus disease manifests first as an acute stage of severe joint inflammation and febrile illness, which later progresses to a chronic stage, during which patients may experience debilitating and persisting articular pain for extended periods. This review aims to provide a broad perspective on current knowledge of chikungunya virus pathogenesis by identifying key clinical and experimental studies that have contributed to our understanding of chikungunya virus to date. In addition, the review explores the practical aspects of treatment and management of both acute and chronic chikungunya virus based on clinical experience during chikungunya virus outbreaks. Finally, recent findings on potential therapeutic solutions-from antiviral agents to immunomodulators-are reviewed to provide both viral immunologists and clinical rheumatologists with a balanced perspective on the nature of a reemerging arboviral disease of significant public health concern, and insight into future therapeutic approaches to better address the treatment and management of chikungunya virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zaid
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick Gérardin
- INSERM CIC1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Réunion, France, and CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, Université de la Réunion, Sainte Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Adam Taylor
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Denis Malvy
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Clinical International Health, University Hospital Center and INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Gall B, Pryke K, Abraham J, Mizuno N, Botto S, Sali TM, Broeckel R, Haese N, Nilsen A, Placzek A, Morrison T, Heise M, Streblow D, DeFilippis V. Emerging Alphaviruses Are Sensitive to Cellular States Induced by a Novel Small-Molecule Agonist of the STING Pathway. J Virol 2018; 92:e01913-17. [PMID: 29263267 PMCID: PMC5827377 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01913-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) system represents an essential innate immune response that renders cells resistant to virus growth via the molecular actions of IFN-induced effector proteins. IFN-mediated cellular states inhibit growth of numerous and diverse virus types, including those of known pathogenicity as well as potentially emerging agents. As such, targeted pharmacologic activation of the IFN response may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent infection or spread of clinically impactful viruses. In light of this, we employed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules capable of permeating the cell and of activating IFN-dependent signaling processes. Here we report the identification and characterization of N-(methylcarbamoyl)-2-{[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-2-phenylacetamide (referred to as C11), a novel compound capable of inducing IFN secretion from human cells. Using reverse genetics-based loss-of-function assays, we show that C11 activates the type I IFN response in a manner that requires the adaptor protein STING but not the alternative adaptors MAVS and TRIF. Importantly, treatment of cells with C11 generated a cellular state that potently blocked replication of multiple emerging alphavirus types, including chikungunya, Ross River, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, and O'nyong-nyong viruses. The antiviral effects of C11 were subsequently abrogated in cells lacking STING or the type I IFN receptor, indicating that they are mediated, at least predominantly, by way of STING-mediated IFN secretion and subsequent autocrine/paracrine signaling. This work also allowed characterization of differential antiviral roles of innate immune signaling adaptors and IFN-mediated responses and identified MAVS as being crucial to cellular resistance to alphavirus infection.IMPORTANCE Due to the increase in emerging arthropod-borne viruses, such as chikungunya virus, that lack FDA-approved therapeutics and vaccines, it is important to better understand the signaling pathways that lead to clearance of virus. Here we show that C11 treatment makes human cells refractory to replication of a number of these viruses, which supports its value in increasing our understanding of the immune response and viral pathogenesis required to establish host infection. We also show that C11 depends on signaling through STING to produce antiviral type I interferon, which further supports its potential as a therapeutic drug or research tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kara Pryke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nobuyo Mizuno
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara Botto
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tina M Sali
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicole Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Thomas Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Fernandez E, Kose N, Edeling MA, Adhikari J, Sapparapu G, Lazarte SM, Nelson CA, Govero J, Gross ML, Fremont DH, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Mouse and Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Infection by Multiple Genotypes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. mBio 2018; 9:e00008-18. [PMID: 29487230 PMCID: PMC5829823 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00008-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a leading cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. Although JEV-specific antibodies have been described, an assessment of their ability to neutralize multiple genotypes of JEV has been limited. Here, we describe the development of a panel of mouse and human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that inhibit infection in cell culture of four different JEV genotypes tested. Mechanism-of-action studies showed that many of these MAbs inhibited infection at a postattachment step, including blockade of virus fusion. Mapping studies using site-directed mutagenesis and hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry revealed that the lateral ridge on domain III of the envelope protein was a primary recognition epitope for our panel of strongly neutralizing MAbs. Therapeutic studies in mice demonstrated protection against lethality caused by genotype I and III strains when MAbs were administered as a single dose even 5 days after infection. This information may inform the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies as emerging strains and genotypic shifts become more prevalent.IMPORTANCE Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a vaccine-preventable cause of viral encephalitis, the inactivated and live attenuated platforms available are derived from strains belonging to a single genotype (GIII) due to its historical prevalence in areas of JEV epidemics. Related to this, studies with vaccines and antibodies have focused on assessing the in vitro and in vivo protective responses to homologous or heterologous GIII strains. An epidemiological shift in JEV genotype distribution warrants the induction of broadly neutralizing antibody responses that inhibit infection of multiple JEV genotypes. Here, we generated a panel of mouse and human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and evaluated their inhibitory activity, epitope location, and capacity for protection against multiple JEV genotypes in mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/classification
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Epitopes/immunology
- Genotype
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Treatment Outcome
- Vero Cells
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa A Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jagat Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gopal Sapparapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susana M Lazarte
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer Govero
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Khanna Sharma
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Boesch AW, Kappel JH, Mahan AE, Chu TH, Crowley AR, Osei-Owusu NY, Alter G, Ackerman ME. Enrichment of high affinity subclasses and glycoforms from serum-derived IgG using FcγRs as affinity ligands. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1265-1278. [PMID: 29315477 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As antibodies continue to gain predominance in drug discovery and development pipelines, efforts to control and optimize their activity in vivo have matured to incorporate sophisticated abilities to manipulate engagement of specific Fc binding partners. Such efforts to promote diverse functional outcomes include modulating IgG-Fc affinity for FcγRs to alternatively potentiate or reduce effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. While a number of natural and engineered Fc features capable of eliciting variable effector functions have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, elucidation of these important functional relationships has taken significant effort through use of diverse genetic, cellular and enzymatic techniques. As an orthogonal approach, we demonstrate use of FcγR as chromatographic affinity ligands to enrich and therefore simultaneously identify favored binding species from a complex mixture of serum-derived pooled polycloncal human IgG, a load material that contains the natural repertoire of Fc variants and post-translational modifications. The FcγR-enriched IgG was characterized for subclass and glycoform composition and the impact of this bioseparation step on antibody activity was measured in cell-based effector function assays including Natural Killer cell activation and monocyte phagocytosis. This work demonstrates a tractable means to rapidly distinguish complex functional relationships between two or more interacting biological agents by leveraging affinity chromatography followed by secondary analysis with high-resolution biophysical and functional assays and emphasizes a platform capable of surveying diverse natural post-translational modifications that may not be easily produced with high purity or easily accessible with recombinant expression techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Boesch
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Zepteon, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James H Kappel
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alison E Mahan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thach H Chu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Andrew R Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Nana Y Osei-Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has come to prominence as a global, re-emerging pathogen over the last two decades, progressing from sporadic, remote outbreaks to worldwide explosive epidemics. From contained, though considerable, outbreaks in the southern Indian Ocean, parts of South America and the Caribbean, CHIKV continues to be a significant pathogen in Southeast Asia and India. CHIKV circulates during epidemics through an urban mosquito-to-human transmission cycle, and with no available treatments or licensed vaccines to specifically target CHIKV disease, limiting transmission relies on vector control, which poses significant challenges, especially in developing countries. This review summarizes the current findings and progress in the development of safe, effective and affordable therapeutics and vaccines for CHIKV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kothila Tharmarajah
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Zaid
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Protects against Chikungunya Virus-Induced Immunopathology by Restricting Infection in Muscle Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01419-17. [PMID: 28835505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01419-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system protects cells against viral pathogens in part through the autocrine and paracrine actions of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) (type I), IFN-γ (type II), and IFN-λ (type III). The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) has a demonstrated role in shaping innate and adaptive antiviral immunity by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and mediating signals downstream of IFN-γ. Although ectopic expression experiments have suggested an inhibitory function of IRF-1 against infection of alphaviruses in cell culture, its role in vivo remains unknown. Here, we infected Irf1 -/- mice with two distantly related arthritogenic alphaviruses, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and assessed the early antiviral functions of IRF-1 prior to induction of adaptive B and T cell responses. IRF-1 expression limited CHIKV-induced foot swelling in joint-associated tissues and prevented dissemination of CHIKV and RRV at early time points. Virological and histological analyses revealed greater infection of muscle tissues in Irf1 -/- mice than in wild-type mice. The antiviral actions of IRF-1 appeared to be independent of the induction of type I IFN or the effects of type II and III IFNs but were associated with altered local proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses and differential infiltration of myeloid cell subsets. Collectively, our in vivo experiments suggest that IRF-1 restricts CHIKV and RRV infection in stromal cells, especially muscle cells, and that this controls local inflammation and joint-associated swelling.IMPORTANCE Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of a broad range of antiviral host defense genes. In this study, using Irf1 -/- mice, we investigated the role of IRF-1 in modulating pathogenesis of two related arthritogenic alphaviruses, chikungunya virus and Ross River virus. Our studies show that IRF-1 controlled alphavirus replication and swelling in joint-associated tissues within days of infection. Detailed histopathological and virological analyses revealed that IRF-1 preferentially restricted CHIKV infection in cells of nonhematopoietic lineage, including muscle cells. The antiviral actions of IRF-1 resulted in decreased local inflammatory responses in joint-associated tissues, which prevented immunopathology.
Collapse
|
136
|
Schwameis M, Buchtele N, Wadowski PP, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B. Chikungunya vaccines in development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:716-31. [PMID: 26554522 PMCID: PMC4964651 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus has become a global health threat, spreading to the industrial world of Europe and the Americas; no treatment or prophylactic vaccine is available. Since the late 1960s much effort has been put into the development of a vaccine, and several heterogeneous strategies have already been explored. Only two candidates have recently qualified to enter clinical phase II trials, a chikungunya virus-like particle-based vaccine and a recombinant live attenuated measles virus-vectored vaccine. This review focuses on the current status of vaccine development against chikungunya virus in humans and discusses the diversity of immunization strategies, results of recent human trials and promising vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwameis
- a Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nina Buchtele
- a Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Patricia Pia Wadowski
- a Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- a Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Mutations in the E2 Glycoprotein and the 3' Untranslated Region Enhance Chikungunya Virus Virulence in Mice. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00816-17. [PMID: 28747508 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00816-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes debilitating musculoskeletal pain and inflammation and can persist for months to years after acute infection. Although studies of humans and experimentally infected animals suggest that CHIKV infection persists in musculoskeletal tissues, the mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. To evaluate this further, we isolated CHIKV from the serum of persistently infected Rag1 -/- mice at day 28. When inoculated into naive wild-type (WT) mice, this persistently circulating CHIKV strain displayed a capacity for earlier dissemination and greater pathogenicity than the parental virus. Sequence analysis revealed a nonsynonymous mutation in the E2 glycoprotein (E2 K200R) and a deletion within the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). The introduction of these changes into the parental virus conferred enhanced virulence in mice, although primary tropism for musculoskeletal tissues was maintained. The E2 K200R mutation was largely responsible for enhanced viral dissemination and pathogenicity, although these effects were augmented by the 3'-UTR deletion. Finally, studies with Irf3/Irf7 -/- and Ifnar1 -/- mice suggest that the E2 K200R mutation enhances viral dissemination from the site of inoculation independently of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-, IRF7-, and IFNAR1-mediated responses. As our findings reveal viral determinants of CHIKV dissemination and pathogenicity, their further study should help to elucidate host-virus interactions that determine acute and chronic CHIKV infection.IMPORTANCE CHIKV is a globally spreading, mosquito-transmitted virus that causes debilitating acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease in humans. The viral genetic determinants that dictate the severity of acute and chronic diseases are not understood. To improve our understanding of CHIKV pathogenesis, we evaluated a CHIKV strain isolated from the serum of chronically infected immunocompromised mice. Sequence analysis of this persistent CHIKV strain identified two mutations, an amino acid change in the E2 viral attachment protein and a deletion within the 3'-UTR of the viral genome. We identified roles for these mutations in the enhancement of viral dissemination from the inoculation site and in disease severity. These data improve our understanding of the viral determinants of CHIKV pathogenesis and adaptive changes that occur during viral persistence.
Collapse
|
138
|
Zivcec M, Guerrero LIW, Albariño CG, Bergeron É, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:112-120. [PMID: 28842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the serious public health impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), the efficacy of antivirals targeting the causative agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV), remains debatable. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting the CCHFV glycoprotein Gc have been reported to protect mice against challenge with the prototype CCHFV strain, IbAr10200. However, due to extensive sequence diversity of CCHFV glycoproteins, it is unknown whether these MAbs neutralize other CCHFV strains. We initially used a CCHF virus-like particle (VLP) system to generate 11 VLP moieties, each possessing a glycoprotein from a genetically diverse CCHFV strain isolated in either Africa, Asia, the Middle East, or southeastern Europe. We used these VLPs in biosafety level 2 conditions to efficiently screen MAb cross-neutralization potency. Of the 16 MAbs tested, 3 (8A1, 11E7, and 30F7) demonstrated cross-neutralization activity with most CCHF VLPs, with 8A1 neutralizing all VLPs tested. Although binding studies suggest that none of the MAbs compete for the same epitope, combining 11E7, 30F7, or both 11E7 and 30F7 with 8A1 had no additive effect on increasing neutralization in this system. To confirm our findings from the VLP system, the 3 MAbs capable of strain cross-neutralization were confirmed to effectively neutralize 5 diverse CCHFV strains in vitro. Passaging CCHFV strains in the presence of sub-neutralizing concentrations of MAbs did not generate escape mutants resistant to subsequent neutralization. This study demonstrates the utility of the VLP system for screening neutralizing MAbs against multiple CCHFV strains, and provides the first evidence that a single MAb can effectively neutralize a number of diverse CCHFV strains in vitro, which may lead to development of future CCHF therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa I W Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Saborío Galo S, González K, Téllez Y, García N, Pérez L, Gresh L, Harris E, Balmaseda Á. Development of in-house serological methods for diagnosis and surveillance of chikungunya. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e56. [PMID: 28902269 PMCID: PMC5638038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua. METHODS Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014-2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used. RESULTS All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MAC-ELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%-95.9%. CONCLUSION Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saborío Galo
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Karla González
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Yolanda Téllez
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Nadezna García
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Leonel Pérez
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteSustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaraguaSustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States of AmericaDivision of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
| | - Ángel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaraguaNational Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Yang S, Fink D, Hulse A, Pratt RD. Regulatory considerations in development of vaccines to prevent disease caused by Chikungunya virus. Vaccine 2017; 35:4851-4858. [PMID: 28760614 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. Chikungunya disease (CHIK) in humans is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, cutaneous rash, myalgia and debilitating polyarthralgia. Until recently the virus was considered endemic to only Africa and Asia, but since 2004 CHIK has spread to previously non-endemic regions, including Europe and the Americas, thereby emerging as a global health threat. Although a variety of CHIKV vaccine candidates have been tested in animals, and a few have advanced to human clinical trials, no licensed vaccine is currently available for prevention of disease. In this article, we review recent efforts in CHIKV vaccine development and discuss regulatory considerations for CHIKV vaccine licensure under U.S. FDA regulations. Several licensure pathways are available, and the most appropriate licensure pathway for a CHIK vaccine will depend on the type of evidence that can be generated to demonstrate the vaccine's effectiveness. If "traditional approval" following demonstration of direct benefit in adequate and well-controlled clinical disease endpoint studies is not possible, the Accelerated Approval and Animal Rule pathways are potential alternatives. In terms of vaccine safety, the potential for vaccine associated arthralgia and antibody-dependent enhancement of infectivity and disease severity are important issues that should be addressed in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. CHIK vaccine developers are encouraged to communicate with the FDA during all stages of vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixun Yang
- Division of Vaccines and Related Product Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Doran Fink
- Division of Vaccines and Related Product Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Andrea Hulse
- Division of Vaccines and Related Product Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - R Douglas Pratt
- Division of Vaccines and Related Product Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Fox JM, Diamond MS. Immune-Mediated Protection and Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:4210-4218. [PMID: 27864552 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus that causes debilitating acute and chronic arthritis. Infection by CHIKV induces a robust immune response that is characterized by production of type I IFNs, recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and development of neutralizing Abs. Despite this response, chronic arthritis can develop in some individuals, which may be due to a failure to eliminate viral RNA and Ag and/or persistent immune responses that cause chronic joint inflammation. In this review, based primarily on advances from recent studies in mice, we discuss the innate and adaptive immune factors that control CHIKV dissemination and clearance or contribute to pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and.,Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Cirimotich CM, Vela EM, Garver J, Barnewall RE, Miller BD, Meister GT, Rogers JV. Chikungunya virus infection in Cynomolgus macaques following Intradermal and aerosol exposure. Virol J 2017; 14:135. [PMID: 28728590 PMCID: PMC5520379 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted via mosquito bite and potentially by aerosol, causing chikungunya fever and arthritic disease in humans. There are currently no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapeutics to protect against CHIKV infection in humans. Animal models recapitulating human disease, especially for transmission by aerosol, are needed for licensure of such medical countermeasures. METHODS Cynomolgus macaques (CMs) were challenged by intradermal (ID) inoculation or exposure to an aerosol containing CHIKV Ross strain at different target infectious doses (103-107 plaque forming units (PFU)). The clinical and virologic courses of disease were monitored up to 14 days post-exposure. RESULTS ID infection of CMs led to overt clinical disease, detectable viremia, and increased blood markers of liver damage. Animals challenged by aerosol exhibited viremia and increased liver damage biomarkers with minimal observed clinical disease. All animals survived CHIKV challenge. CONCLUSIONS We have described CHIKV infection in CMs following ID inoculation and, for the first time, infection by aerosol. Based on limited reported cases in the published literature, the aerosol model recapitulates the virologic findings of human infection via this route. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the potential use of CMs as a model for evaluating medical countermeasures against CHIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M Vela
- Battelle, West Jefferson, OH, 43162, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Eldi P, Cooper TH, Liu L, Prow NA, Diener KR, Howley PM, Suhrbier A, Hayball JD. Production of a Chikungunya Vaccine Using a CHO Cell and Attenuated Viral-Based Platform Technology. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2332-2344. [PMID: 28720468 PMCID: PMC5628773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia-based systems have been extensively explored for the development of recombinant vaccines. Herein we describe an innovative vaccinia virus (VACV)-derived vaccine platform technology termed Sementis Copenhagen Vector (SCV), which was rendered multiplication-defective by targeted deletion of the essential viral assembly gene D13L. A SCV cell substrate line was developed for SCV vaccine production by engineering CHO cells to express D13 and the VACV host-range factor CP77, because CHO cells are routinely used for manufacture of biologics. To illustrate the utility of the platform technology, a SCV vaccine against chikungunya virus (SCV-CHIK) was developed and shown to be multiplication-defective in a range of human cell lines and in immunocompromised mice. A single vaccination of mice with SCV-CHIK induced antibody responses specific for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that were similar to those raised following vaccination with a replication-competent VACV-CHIK and able to neutralize CHIKV. Vaccination also provided protection against CHIKV challenge, preventing both viremia and arthritis. Moreover, SCV retained capacity as an effective mouse smallpox vaccine. In summary, SCV represents a new and safe vaccine platform technology that can be manufactured in modified CHO cells, with pre-clinical evaluation illustrating utility for CHIKV vaccine design and construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Eldi
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara H Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul M Howley
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Sementis Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus in the family Togaviridae that causes outbreaks of debilitating acute and chronic arthralgia in humans. Although historically associated with localized outbreaks in Africa and Asia, recent epidemics in the Indian Ocean region and the Americas have led to the recognition that CHIKV is capable of moving into previously unaffected areas and causing significant levels of human suffering. The severity of CHIKV rheumatic disease, which can severely impact life quality of infected individuals for weeks, months, or even years, combined with the explosive nature of CHIKV outbreaks and its demonstrated ability to quickly spread into new regions, has led to renewed interest in developing strategies for the prevention or treatment of CHIKV-induced disease. Therefore, this chapter briefly discusses the biology of CHIKV and the factors contributing to CHIKV dissemination, while also discussing the pathogenesis of CHIKV-induced disease and summarizing the status of efforts to develop safe and effective therapies and vaccines against CHIKV and related viruses.
Collapse
|
145
|
Balmaseda Á, Saborío Galo S, González K, Téllez Y, García N, Pérez L, Gresh L, Harris E. Development of in-house serological methods for diagnosis and surveillance of chikungunya. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017. [PMID: 28902269 PMCID: PMC5638038 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua. Methods. Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014–2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used. Results. All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MAC-ELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%–95.9%. Conclusion. Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborío Galo
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Karla González
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Yolanda Téllez
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nadezna García
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Leonel Pérez
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that causes acute and chronic arthritis. The virus reemerged in the Indian Ocean islands in 2005-2006 and is responsible for outbreaks in the Caribbean islands and the Americas since late 2013. Despite the wealth of research over the past 10 years, there are no commercially available antiviral drugs or vaccines. Treatment usually involves analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive care. Most studies have been focused on understanding the pathogenesis of CHIKV infection through clinical observation and with animal models. In this review, the clinical manifestations of CHIKV that define the disease and the use of relevant animal models, from mice to nonhuman primates, are discussed. Understanding key cellular factors in CHIKV infection and the interplay with the immune system will aid in the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to combat this painful viral disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648; .,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Therapeutic administration of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody reduces the severity of chikungunya virus disease in rhesus macaques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28628616 PMCID: PMC5491320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile syndrome in humans associated with acute and chronic debilitating joint and muscle pain. Currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available to prevent or treat CHIKV infections. We recently isolated a panel of potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one (4N12) of which exhibited prophylactic and post-exposure therapeutic activity against CHIKV in immunocompromised mice. Here, we describe the development of an engineered CHIKV mAb, designated SVIR001, that has similar antigen binding and neutralization profiles to its parent, 4N12. Because therapeutic administration of SVIR001 in immunocompetent mice significantly reduced viral load in joint tissues, we evaluated its efficacy in a rhesus macaque model of CHIKV infection. Rhesus macaques that were treated after infection with SVIR001 showed rapid elimination of viremia and less severe joint infiltration and disease compared to animals treated with SVIR002, an isotype control mAb. SVIR001 reduced viral burden at the site of infection and at distant sites and also diminished the numbers of activated innate immune cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SVIR001 therapy; however, did not substantively reduce the induction of CHIKV-specific B or T cell responses. Collectively, these results show promising therapeutic activity of a human anti-CHIKV mAb in rhesus macaques and provide proof-of-principle for its possible use in humans to treat active CHIKV infections. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes fever, rash, and acute and chronic arthralgia. Currently there are no approved therapies to treat or vaccines to prevent CHIKV infection in humans. In this study, we engineered SVIR001, a recombinant fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that eliminated viremia, reduced viral load at the site of infection, and diminished spread to distant target tissues in rhesus macaques when administered after infection. SVIR001 treatment reduced joint inflammation and disease without impairing the induction of the adaptive immune response. These results demonstrate the efficacy of mAb therapy to reduce the severity of CHIKV disease.
Collapse
|
148
|
DeZure AD, Berkowitz NM, Graham BS, Ledgerwood JE. Whole-Inactivated and Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Strategies for Chikungunya Virus. J Infect Dis 2017; 214:S497-S499. [PMID: 27920180 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a global public health threat, having been identified in >60 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. There is no cure for or licensed vaccine against CHIKV infection. Initial attempts at CHIKV vaccine development began in the early 1960s. Whole-inactivated and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are 2 of the current approaches being evaluated. Success of these approaches is dependent on a safe, well-tolerated vaccine that is immunogenic and deployable in regard to manufacturing, stability, and delivery characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D DeZure
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nina M Berkowitz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Abstract
Chikungunya is caused by an alphavirus that is transmitted to humans via the Aedes species mosquito. Chikungunya is endemic to tropical Africa and South and Southeast Asia, but over the past decade, the geographic distribution of the virus has been expanding rapidly. The disease is characterized by fever and severe polyarthritis, and although symptoms typically resolve within 7 to 10 days, some patients experience persistent arthritis and arthralgias for months to years.In December 2013, the first local transmission of chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in the Caribbean Island of Saint Martin. Since then, the number of afflicted individuals has spread throughout the Caribbean and Central America, as well as into South America. The United States reported 2788 chikungunya virus disease cases among travelers returning from affected areas in 2014. In addition, 11 locally acquired cases were reported in Florida. Further spread and establishment of the disease in the Americas are likely considering the high levels of viremia in infected individuals, widespread distribution of effective vectors, lack of immunity among people living in the Americas, and the popularity of international travel.Considering the prominent rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya, rheumatologists are likely to encounter patients with the disease in their practice. We recommend that rheumatologists consider chikungunya in their differential diagnosis when evaluating patients presenting with fever and joint pain following travel to a chikungunya endemic area. Early diagnosis would ensure timely management and reduction of polypharmacy and its associated complications. In this article, we briefly describe the epidemiology of chikungunya, the clinical features, laboratory testing, prevention, and treatment of disease.
Collapse
|
150
|
Haese NN, Broeckel RM, Hawman DW, Heise MT, Morrison TE, Streblow DN. Animal Models of Chikungunya Virus Infection and Disease. J Infect Dis 2017; 214:S482-S487. [PMID: 27920178 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness and severe joint pain in humans. Although acute symptoms often resolve within a few days, chronic joint and muscle pain can be long lasting. In the last decade, CHIKV has caused widespread outbreaks of unprecedented scale in the Americas, Asia, and the Indian Ocean island regions. Despite these outbreaks and the continued expansion of CHIKV into new areas, mechanisms of chikungunya pathogenesis and disease are not well understood. Experimental animal models are indispensable to the field of CHIKV research. The most commonly used experimental animal models of CHIKV infection are mice and nonhuman primates; each model has its advantages for studying different aspects of CHIKV disease. This review will provide an overview of animal models used to study CHIKV infection and disease and major advances in our understanding of chikungunya obtained from studies performed in these models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton
| | - Rebecca M Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton
| | - David W Hawman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Mark T Heise
- Departments of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton
| |
Collapse
|