101
|
Bedendo A, McCambridge J, Gaume J, Souza AAL, Formigoni MLOS, Noto AR. Components evaluation of a web-based personalized normative feedback intervention for alcohol use among college students: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a dismantling design. Addiction 2020; 115:1063-1074. [PMID: 31785189 DOI: 10.1111/add.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of the two main components of a personalized normative feedback (PNF) [normative feedback only (NFO); and consequences feedback only (CFO)] compared with the full intervention (PNF) in reducing alcohol use and consequences. DESIGN Three-arm pragmatic randomized controlled trial with dismantling design and 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-ups. SETTING Web-based among Brazilian college students. PARTICIPANTS College students (aged 18-30 years) who reported alcohol use in the last 3 months (n = 5476). INTERVENTIONS (1) Full PNF (a) drinking profile; (b) normative comparisons; (c) practical costs; (d) alcohol consequences; (e) strategies to decrease risks; (2) NFO components (a), (b) and (e); or (3) CFO components (c), (d) and (e). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was change in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score; secondary outcomes were the number of alcohol consequences, drinking frequency and typical/maximum number of drinks. We used mixed models with multiple imputation and a pattern-mixture model to account for attrition. Subgroup analyses considered participant motivation to know more about their drinking (less motivated versus motivated). FINDINGS Dismantled components reduced rather than increased AUDIT score compared to full PNF, with significant effects for NFO at 1 month [b = -0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.46; -0.002] and for CFO at 3 months (b = -0.33, 95% CI = -0.62; -0.03). Compared with PNF, NFO reduced the number of alcohol consequences at 1 month (b = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.25; -0.06) and drinking frequency at 3 months (b = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.79; -0.05), but increased the number of typical drinks at 6 months (b = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.04; 0.72). CFO reduced drinking frequency at 3 months (b = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.73; -0.01). Attrition models confirmed all results, except for the NFO effect on typical drinks and drinking frequency. Subgroup analyses indicated superiority of dismantled components among the students less motivated in knowing more about their drinking. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that either the normative or the consequences components of a web-based personalized normative feedback intervention to reduce alcohol use and its consequences contributed to intervention effects. There was some evidence of adverse effects of personalized normative feedback, and these results were driven by 20% of participants who were less motivated in knowing more about their drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bedendo
- Research Center on Health and Substance Use (NEPSIS), Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jacques Gaume
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Altay A L Souza
- Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia O S Formigoni
- Disciplina de Medicina e Sociologia do Abuso de Drogas - Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana R Noto
- Research Center on Health and Substance Use (NEPSIS), Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Kollath-Cattano C, Hatteberg SJ, Kooper A. Illicit drug use among college students: The role of social norms and risk perceptions. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106289. [PMID: 32007829 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the prevalence and correlates of college student use of illicit substances including cocaine, designer drugs, and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and opioids, and to identify how different drug-related perceptions are related to past year use of these substances. METHODS Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey among a sample (n = 1345, 81% female) of students attending a mid-sized liberal arts college in the US. Logistic regression models were estimated to assess the relationships between substance-specific descriptive norms, injunctive norms, perceived availability, risk perceptions and past year use of cocaine, designer drugs, prescription stimulants, and opioids, adjusting for current marijuana use, alcohol dependence, sensation seeking, and sociodemographic factors. FINDINGS Past year use of illicit substances ranged from 6% for nonmedical prescription opioids to 21% for nonmedical prescription stimulants. The sociodemographic correlates past year substance use differed by substance type. Descriptive norms (perceptions of peer use) and perceived risk were not consistently related to use of these substances. Current marijuana use was the strongest correlate across substances, and both injunctive norms (perceptions of peer approval) and perceived availability were consistently related to use of each substance. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that future college student drug prevention efforts should more directly target current marijuana users since they are most at risk of using other illicit substances. Additionally, findings indicate that injunctive norms may be an important consideration for education-focused drug prevention programs. However, findings should be interpreted in light of limitations of the sample, which is predominantly female.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy Kollath-Cattano
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA.
| | - Sarah J Hatteberg
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Anna Kooper
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Canning JR, Patock-Peckham JA, Walters KJ, Bauman DC, Frohe T, Leeman RF. Perfectionism discrepancy and falling short of the ideal self: Investigating drinking motives and impaired control on the road to alcohol-related problems. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 159. [PMID: 32132764 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-Discrepancy Theory (Higgins, 1987) predicts that the difference between the ideal and the actual self will be associated with impaired-control-over-drinking (IC; dysregulated drinking beyond one's own limits) as well as alcohol-related-problems. According to Slaney et al. (2001) perfectionism is a multi-faceted personality trait which represents both adaptive (e.g. high-standards) and maladaptive (e.g. discrepancy) aspects. In particular, discrepancy has been associated with poorer coping approaches, which may suggest a Self-Medication route to IC. Yet, to date, no one has examined whether drinking-motives (e.g., social, enhancement, coping and conformity) mediate the relations between discrepancy and high standards and alcohol-outcomes such as IC. We used a structural equation model to test indirect associations of discrepancy and high-standards to both heavy-episodic-drinking and alcohol-related-problems through the mediating mechanisms of drinking-motives and IC. Results supported the distinction between discrepancy and high-standards consistent with the Self-Medication Hypothesis (Hersh & Hussong, 2009). Discrepancy was associated with poorer alcohol-outcomes through greater coping-motives, conformity-motives and IC. In contrast, higher-standards were associated with fewer alcohol-outcomes through less coping-motives, conformity-motives, and IC. This study illustrates the importance of personality factors such as discrepancy in the development of problematic alcohol-use suggesting that it might be a good target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Canning
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | - D C Bauman
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Tessa Frohe
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, Center for Addiction Research & Education, Southern HIV & Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Robert F Leeman
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, Center for Addiction Research & Education, Southern HIV & Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Egan KL, Gregory E, Osborne VL, Cottler LB. Power of the Peer and Parent: Gender Differences, Norms, and Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use Among Adolescents in South Central Kentucky. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:665-673. [PMID: 30637670 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined risk factors of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) among adolescents and how risk factors differ by gender. In the fall of 2017, adolescents attending 6th through 12th grades across 44 schools in 10 south central Kentucky counties were invited to participate in an anonymous, school-based survey. A total of 11,761 adolescents completed the survey. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between NMPOU and constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action (i.e., attitudes and subjective norms), descriptive norms (i.e., peer use), and parental control of prescription medications in the home. There were 297 (2.7%) adolescents who reported NMPOU in the past 12 months. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, for both males and females, the adolescents who perceived that more of their peers engaged in NMPOU were significantly more likely to endorse NMPOU, whereas male and female adolescents who perceived their peers disapproved of use were significantly less likely to report NMPOU. Parent disapproval was significantly associated with decreased NMPOU for females only. Moderated regression analyses revealed that gender moderated the relationship between parental disapproval and NMPOU. We found that during adolescence, NMPOU is influenced by peer norms for both genders and parental norms for females. These results indicate that prevention efforts should focus on changing adolescents' peer and parental norms related to NMPOU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Egan
- Department of Heath Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, 3105 Carol G. Belk Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Eric Gregory
- Community Survey Solutions, LLC, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Vicki L Osborne
- Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Associated Risk Factors among Bangladeshi University Students: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been a global rise in the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves the inhalation of heated tobacco smoke after passing through water, and it has been associated with an identified dependence effect similar to that found with cigarette smoking. Despite the popularity of waterpipe tobacco among youth (and in particular, university students) in many countries, detailed data of its usage are lacking in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore waterpipe tobacco smoking behavior and normative beliefs among university students in Bangladesh and to assess the factors associated with waterpipe tobacco use. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was carried out among 340 Bangladeshi university students (64.4% male; mean age 21.6 years). Among participants, 13.5% reported they had ever smoked tobacco from a waterpipe and 9.4% had it in past 30 days. Among past 30-day users, 72% were categorized as having waterpipe smoking dependence (n = 23). No females in the sample had ever smoked using a waterpipe. Maternal occupation, monthly expenditure, and regular smoking status were major predominant factors associated with waterpipe smoking behavior of the students. The study is of existential value given that there are no prior studies ever carried out in Bangladesh previously. Recommendations are provided based on the study’s findings, particularly in relation to what action is needed from universities in Bangladesh.
Collapse
|
106
|
"You Do It without Their Knowledge." Assessing Knowledge and Perception of Stealthing among College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103527. [PMID: 32443504 PMCID: PMC7277099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the act of nonconsensual condom removal, termed stealthing, has become commonly discussed on social and print media; yet, little to no evidence exists on the current knowledge and perception of stealthing among young adults. As such, we assessed what college students know and feel regarding stealthing. We employed an exploratory mixed-method analysis where focus groups were followed by a quantitative survey. A qualitative assessment was conducted using grounded theory analyses and questions for a quantitative survey were developed based on emergent themes from focus groups. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analyses with alpha less than 0.05 to denote significance. Though limited knowledge exists, participants felt that stealthing was a violation of their privacy, trust, sexual consent, and their ability to make a health decision, and should be considered an assault. Participants noted stealthing may have become acceptable due to its popularity in social media and young adult culture, especially porn. We also found sex differences in the perception of stealthing being considered a sexual assault with lower rates among males as compared to females. Our results demonstrate that there is a need for health educators to assess the prevalence of such a behavior among college students and policy makers to assess the legal implications of nonconsensual condom removal.
Collapse
|
107
|
Carey KB, Merrill JE, Boyle HK, Barnett NP. Correcting exaggerated drinking norms with a mobile message delivery system: Selective prevention with heavy-drinking first-year college students. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:454-464. [PMID: 32118463 PMCID: PMC7148196 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many efficacious interventions designed to reduce college student drinking aim to correct misperceptions of peers' drinking behavior. The present study tested the efficacy of a novel delivery strategy, namely text messages, for promoting promoderation descriptive and injunctive drinking norms. Participants included 121 college students who were randomly assigned to receive daily text messages containing accurate drinking norms (experimental group, n = 61) or historical facts (control group, n = 60) for 10 weeks following a baseline assessment. Participants completed 3-month postbaseline and 6-month postbaseline follow-up assessments. The 3-month assessment revealed that promoderation text messages were effective for reducing peak consumption and alcohol consequences. Changes in descriptive norms and injunctive norms aligned with these two behavioral outcomes. The intervention group reported perceiving others as drinking less on their heaviest drinking day and perceived others as being less approving of alcohol-related consequences than the control group. The intervention group also reported more peer approval of using protective behavioral strategies. Yet intervention effects were not maintained. None of the outcome measures differed by condition at the 6-month postbaseline assessment. Thus, the intervention had short-term effects on self-reported drinking behavior as well as on perceptions of drinking norms. However, the behavioral changes were not maintained when participants were assessed in the second semester after the daily text messages intervention had stopped. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Holly K Boyle
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Probst C, Vu TM, Epstein JM, Nielsen AE, Buckley C, Brennan A, Rehm J, Purshouse RC. The Normative Underpinnings of Population-Level Alcohol Use: An Individual-Level Simulation Model. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2020; 47:224-234. [PMID: 32090651 PMCID: PMC7069782 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119880545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. By defining what is "normal," appropriate, expected, and unacceptable, social norms shape human behavior. However, the individual-level mechanisms through which social norms impact population-level trends in health-relevant behaviors are not well understood. Aims. To test the ability of social norms mechanisms to predict changes in population-level drinking patterns. Method. An individual-level model was developed to simulate dynamic normative mechanisms and behavioral rules underlying drinking behavior over time. The model encompassed descriptive and injunctive drinking norms and their impact on frequency and quantity of alcohol use. A microsynthesis initialized in 1979 was used as a demographically representative synthetic U.S. population. Three experiments were performed in order to test the modelled normative mechanisms. Results. Overall, the experiments showed limited influence of normative interventions on population-level alcohol use. An increase in the desire to drink led to the most meaningful changes in the population's drinking behavior. The findings of the experiments underline the importance of autonomy, that is, the degree to which an individual is susceptible to normative influence. Conclusion. The model was able to predict theoretically plausible changes in drinking patterns at the population level through the impact of social mechanisms. Future applications of the model could be used to plan norms interventions pertaining to alcohol use as well as other health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Probst
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Joshua M Epstein
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
DiGuiseppi GT, Davis JP, Meisel MK, Clark MA, Roberson ML, Ott MQ, Barnett NP. The influence of peer and parental norms on first-generation college students' binge drinking trajectories. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106227. [PMID: 31884375 PMCID: PMC6954862 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-generation college students are those whose parents have not completed a four-year college degree. The current study addressed the lack of research on first-generation college students' alcohol use by comparing the binge drinking trajectories of first-generation and continuing-generation students over their first three semesters. The dynamic influence of peer and parental social norms on students' binge drinking frequencies were also examined. METHODS 1342 college students (n = 225 first-generation) at one private University completed online surveys. Group differences were examined at Time 1, and latent growth-curve models tested the association between first-generation status and social norms (peer descriptive, peer injunctive, parental injunctive) on binge drinking trajectories. RESULTS Overall, binge drinking frequency tended to decline over the first three semesters of college. After controlling for demographics, substance-free dormitory residence, parental alcohol problems and norms, first-generation status was associated with steeper declines in binge drinking frequency. During the first semester, the association between parental injunctive norms and binge drinking frequency was stronger for first-generation students than for continuing-generation students; this influence declined over time for first-generation students. The influence of peer descriptive norms on binge drinking increased for continuing-generation students; while this influence remained stable over time for first-generation students. CONCLUSIONS First-generation student status appears to be protective against binge drinking. Substance-free dormitory residence, and perceived parental and peer norms likely play a role in first-generation students' tendency to engage in binge drinking less often over the first year of college.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham T DiGuiseppi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th St., Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th St., Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Matthew K Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Mya L Roberson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Miles Q Ott
- Smith College, 10 Elm Street, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Byrnes HF, Miller BA, Bourdeau B, Johnson MB, Buller DB, Berteletti J, Rogers VA. Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Overuse Among Nightclub Patrons: A Randomized Trial of a Group-Based Mobile Intervention at Nightclubs. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 31495379 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic music dance events (EMDEs) at nightclubs attract young adults engaging in high-risk alcohol and other drug (AOD) use. Studies show that most patrons arrive at clubs in groups and that these peer groups influence drinking. Therefore, peer groups are a natural context for preventing risk behaviors. This article examined outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of a group-based mobile intervention at nightclubs, Nightlife Safety Plans (NSP). METHOD The sample comprised 352 groups, consisting of 959 participants (45.3% female) at 41 events across seven nightclubs hosting EMDEs. Club patrons were surveyed anonymously and completed breath tests as they entered and exited clubs. Oral fluid samples collected from patrons at exit assessed drug use. Analyses examining assignment to NSP versus a control condition on fire safety predicted individual- and group-level protective strategy use and AOD use, controlling for background variables. RESULTS At the individual level, participation in NSP was related to increased protective actions to keep group members safe. No effects were found on actions to keep oneself safe or in response to overuse. At the group level, assignment to NSP was related to a higher average number of group safety strategies. Participation in NSP was associated with lower blood alcohol concentration but unrelated to tetrahydrocannabinol and cocaine. CONCLUSIONS NSP appears to be efficacious for increased protective actions to keep group members safe from overuse and for reduced blood alcohol concentration among EMDE patrons. The findings support the use of an intervention utilizing group-based strategies presented proximal to risk settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Byrnes
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California
| | - Brenda A Miller
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California
| | - Beth Bourdeau
- Division of Prevention Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark B Johnson
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
| | | | | | - Veronica A Rogers
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Larimer ME, Parker M, Lostutter T, Rhew I, Eakins D, Lynch A, Walter T, Egashira L, Kipp BJ, Duran B. Perceived descriptive norms for alcohol use among tribal college students: Relation to self-reported alcohol use, consequences, and risk for alcohol use disorder. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106158. [PMID: 31830672 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This research addressed gaps in the literature by testing relationships between perceived descriptive alcohol use norms and individual's own alcohol use and consequences among tribal college and university (TCU) students. Survey data were collected from 3239 tribal college students in 22 TCUs across the United States in 2015 and 2016, of whom 3174 provided usable data on the variables of interest for the current manuscript. Results indicated students misperceived the descriptive norms for alcohol use at their TCU, on average estimating students at their college drank more frequently, more per occasion, and more total drinks per week relative to the observed averages on these outcomes. Participants' own drinking was significantly related to their perceived norms, with higher perceived norms related to more drinking. In addition, higher perceived norms were associated with greater alcohol-related negative consequences and lower likelihood of being a non-drinker. These findings extend research with students at majority-serving colleges and universities, indicating normative misperceptions exist and have similar relationships to alcohol use and consequences among TCU students nationwide. These findings support adaptation of normative feedback interventions for use with TCU students to emphasize healthy alcohol norms and correct misperceptions that support the stereotype that all students drink to excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Larimer
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Myra Parker
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Ty Lostutter
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Isaac Rhew
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Danielle Eakins
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Alex Lynch
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Theresa Walter
- Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Leo Egashira
- Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington, United States
| | | | - Bonnie Duran
- Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Meisel SN, Colder CR. Adolescent Social Norms and Alcohol Use: Separating Between- and Within-Person Associations to Test Reciprocal Determinism. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:499-515. [PMID: 30908811 PMCID: PMC7610152 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite perceived drinking norms being robust predictors of adolescent alcohol use, few studies have assessed the development of perceived norms across adolescence and processes accounting for the strong associations between perceived norms and drinking. Using reciprocal determinism as a theoretical basis for understanding the development of adolescent drinking norms, this study examined reciprocal associations across nine waves of data spanning early to late adolescence. Bivariate latent curve models with structured residuals demonstrated consistent within-person reciprocal associations between descriptive and injunctive norms and alcohol use after accounting for growth in norms and alcohol use. Results suggest the need for developmentally informed intervention efforts targeting perceived drinking norms during early and middle adolescence.
Collapse
|
113
|
Graupensperger S, Turrisi R, Jones D, Evans MB. Longitudinal Associations Between Perceptions of Peer Group Drinking Norms and Students' Alcohol Use Frequency Within College Sport Teams. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:541-552. [PMID: 31943243 PMCID: PMC7018577 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' alcohol use behaviors are shaped by the attitudes and behaviors of others, especially the peers within students' proximal social groups. Explaining the association between perceived drinking norms and alcohol use, researchers propose contradicting pathways that focus on conformity (i.e., social norms predict alcohol use) and projection (i.e., alcohol use predicts perceived norms). The current study examined the extent to which conformity and projection processes were evident in the association between college student alcohol use and the perceived alcohol use norms for students' club sport teams. METHODS The sample comprised 1,054 college students (61% female) nested in 35 intact same-sex club sport teams. On 3 separate occasions during a single school year (3-month lag), participants reported drinking frequency and perceptions of descriptive and injunctive group drinking norms. We employed random intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling to estimate prospective within-person associations separately from stable trait-like between-person associations. RESULTS Descriptive and injunctive group drinking norms were both positively related to students' alcohol use frequency at the between-person level. Individuals nevertheless demonstrated variability at the within-person level. Results revealed a strong contemporaneous association between descriptive norms and alcohol use frequency within each timepoint, but no prospective associations. Models including perceptions of injunctive drinking norms demonstrated similar contemporaneous associations with alcohol use frequency, but also identified significant prospective associations signifying conformity. CONCLUSIONS Findings align with previous research reporting a strong and positive association between student's self-reported alcohol use and subjective peer alcohol use norms. After disentangling within- and between-person effects to probe for conformity and projection processes, the current findings are somewhat contrary to previous research that has reported reciprocal relationships between social norms and alcohol use behavior. Further investigation of the potential conformity and projection mechanisms of social norms is critical to advance norm-based strategies to reduce harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
- Edna Bennett-Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Damon Jones
- Edna Bennett-Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - M. Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Cognitive-Affective Change Mechanisms in Personalized Normative Feedback via the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030690. [PMID: 31973094 PMCID: PMC7038020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The research explored explanatory mechanisms of change for a personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention, through an adapted application of the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situation (ATSS) cognitive think-aloud paradigm. A sample of 70 (51% female) U.S. adjudicated students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a PNF-ATSS condition, a PNF-Only condition (without ATSS), and an active Control+ATSS condition which received psychoeducation about alcohol use. Students in both the PNF-Only and PNF-ATSS conditions reported significant reductions in their misperceived peer drinking norms and alcohol-related consequences at the 30-day follow-up, relative to students in the control condition. Participants in the PNF-ATSS condition drank significantly fewer drinks per week at follow-up than participants in the PNF-Only condition, but not less than participants in the control condition. Significant indirect effects were found for the ATSS codes of participants’ neutrality and believability toward PNF content. This study presents a proof of concept for an adapted ATSS think-aloud methodology as a clinical science intervention tool to specify the cognitive-affective processes of change linked to complex intervention for particular problems, persons, and contexts.
Collapse
|
115
|
Moreland AD, Lopez CM, Gilmore AK, Borkman AL, McCauley JL, Rheingold AA, Danielson CK. Substance Use Prevention Programming for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed-Method Examination of Substance Use Perceptions and Use of Prevention Services. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2341-2347. [PMID: 32938267 PMCID: PMC7647052 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1817079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although substance use problems are highly prevalent among adolescents and emerging adults, this population does not regularly receive substance use prevention programming in their communities. Low perceived risk of substance use, which is linked to actual behavior, may contribute to low rates of engagement in community prevention efforts for substance use. To examine this, the current study used a mixed methods approach to: (1) examine the relationship between engagement in prevention education and substance use; and, (2) analyze qualitative data on education programs offered in the community to help identify strengths and gaps in prevention resources. Method: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from adolescents (age 13-18) and young adults (age 19-25) living in the Southeast, recruited from local schools and community events to participate in a preventive intervention focused on prevention of HIV, substance use, and other risky behaviors. Prior to engagement in this intervention, self-report questionnaires were completed by adolescents assessing: substance use, perceived risk, and engagement in substance use education classes. Focus groups were also conducted with adolescents recruited from a local high school and young adults recruited from local colleges to obtain additional information about engagement in education programs. Results: Regarding perceived risk, 71.8% of adolescents reported moderate to great risk in having five or more drinks once or twice a week and 43% of adolescents reported moderate to great risk in smoking cannabis once or twice a week. Forty-four percent of adolescents had talked to one of their parents about the dangers of tobacco, alcohol, or drug use in the past year. Further, 18% of adolescents had been to a class or program on prevention of alcohol and other drug abuse in the past month and 50.7% had heard, read, or watched an advertisement about prevention of substance use in the past year. Qualitative results Eight overarching themes, each with its own sub-themes, emerged from the participant's responses during the focus groups. Each is described below with representative quotes provided throughout for illustrative purposes. Conclusions: Findings revealed several gaps in resources identified by adolescents and young adults that are needed to adequately address substance use, which provide important next steps for substance use prevention among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Moreland
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cristina M Lopez
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda K Gilmore
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - April L Borkman
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jenna L McCauley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alyssa A Rheingold
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Boyle HK, Merrill JE, Carey KB. Location-Specific Social Norms and Personal Approval of Alcohol Use are Associated with Drinking Behaviors in College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1650-1659. [PMID: 32401105 PMCID: PMC7518018 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1756849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prior research on risky alcohol use points to drinking norms as predictors of drinking behavior. Most research to date has only explored global (versus context-specific) drinking norms as they relate to general drinking behavior. To better understand risky drinking behavior in students, how norms may vary across drinking environments should be considered. Objectives: We sought to explore differences in drinking norms (descriptive and injunctive), personal approval, and alcohol use across specific drinking locations and how these location-specific predictors combine to best predict alcohol consumption in home/dorm locations, bars, and parties. Methods: College student drinkers (N = 115, 76% female) participated in an anonymous online cross-sectional survey in 2015-2016 assessing personal and perceived drinking experiences and attitudes across various locations. Results: Alcohol use, descriptive norms of alcohol use, and injunctive norms of alcohol use (but not personal approval) varied across location. In addition, location-specific descriptive norms were associated with alcohol use in each drinking location, whereas location specific personal approval was associated with alcohol use only at home/dorm and bar locations. Furthermore, descriptive norms and personal approval of drinking in a given location predicted alcohol use in that same location, while norms or approval for other locations did not. Conclusion/Importance: Results highlight the importance of specificity of perceived drinking norms and personal approval for predicting location-specific alcohol use. These findings have implications for interventions, which may benefit from discussions of students' preferred drinking locations and providing location-specific normative feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Boyle
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Ramirez JJ, Rhew IC, Patrick ME, Larimer ME, Lee CM. A Daily-Level Analysis of Moderators of the Association between Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use among College Student Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:973-982. [PMID: 31997688 PMCID: PMC7166160 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1717535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol expectancies, or the perceived likelihood of experiencing certain effects after consuming alcohol, are associated with college student drinking such that heavier drinkers expect a greater likelihood of positive effects. However, less is known as to whether day-to-day within-person deviations in expectancies are associated with drinking that same day and for whom and when these associations may be strongest. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine daily-level associations of positive and negative alcohol expectancies with alcohol use, and whether associations differed according to demographic characteristics and additional alcohol-related constructs. Methods: College student drinkers (N = 327, 53.8% female) participated in an intensive longitudinal study that captured daily-level data. Alcohol use and expectancy measures were utilized from a baseline session and at the daily-level using Interactive Voice Response (IVR). Results: Results found that on days when participants reported stronger positive and negative expectancies than their average, they were more likely to drink as well as consume more alcohol when drinking. Moderation analyses revealed that positive expectancies were more positively associated with the likelihood of any drinking for women relative to men, and more positively associated with the quantity of alcohol consumption for younger students, students with lower baseline rates of drinking, and students with greater overall positive alcohol expectancies. Conclusions/Importance: The findings demonstrate that alcohol expectancies fluctuate within-person across days and these fluctuations are meaningful in predicting same-day drinking. Interventions that seek to modify expectancies proximal to drinking events may be considered to reduce college student drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Ramirez
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isaac C Rhew
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health & Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
DiBello AM, Miller MB, Merrill JE, Carey KB. A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Prediction of Alcohol-Induced Blackout Intention and Frequency. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:225-232. [PMID: 31803966 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as an explanatory model for alcohol-induced blackouts among college students. Blackouts are periods of time wherein individuals continue to function and engage in their social environment but do not remember it as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol. Social cognitive factors posited within TPB, such as perceived norms and personal attitudes toward alcohol consumption, are reliable predictors of alcohol use and related problems. However, research to date has not examined these theoretical antecedents as predictors of alcohol-induced blackout. METHODS College students with a history of blackout (N = 384) completed a baseline survey, and a subsample (N = 120) completed a 1-month follow-up survey. Negative binomial mediation models were used to evaluate intentions to blackout as a mediator of the norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout-blackout frequency association at baseline and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout all significantly predicted blackout intentions at baseline, which in turn predicted more frequent blackouts both at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Notably, blackout attitudes demonstrated both direct and indirect associations with blackout frequency. CONCLUSIONS Prospective analyses provided partial support for the TPB, with only attitudes and intentions demonstrating prospective associations with actual blackout frequency. Given the particularly strong association between blackout attitudes and frequency of blackouts, attitudes may represent an important and novel target for prevention and intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kate B Carey
- Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Kennedy TM, Howard AL, Mitchell JT, Hoza B, Arnold LE, Hechtman LT, Swanson JM, Stehli A, Molina BSG. Adult substance use as a function of growth in peer use across adolescence and young adulthood in the context of ADHD: Findings from the MTA. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106106. [PMID: 31473568 PMCID: PMC6791771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Peer substance use strongly predicts adolescent and young adult substance use, but its role in ADHD-related risk for substance use, especially in adulthood, is unclear. In a sample with (n = 516) and without (n = 249) childhood ADHD from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, we compared associations between change over time in peer substance use and personal substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, illicit drugs) from age 14-26 by ADHD status. Developmentally typical peer substance use trajectories across adolescence and young adulthood coincided with similar changes in personal use - but less so for those with ADHD histories. Concurrent associations between peer and personal use in adolescence and young adulthood were weaker for those with ADHD histories than without for commonly used substances (alcohol, marijuana). Prospectively, escalating peer use during adolescence forecasted adulthood declines for commonly used substances, yet persistently high substance use at age 25, regardless of ADHD history. In the reverse direction, growth in adolescent substance use predicted developmentally normative young adult declines in peer use - but for the ADHD group, adolescent heavy drinking predicted increases in young adult peer use. Findings suggest that individuals with ADHD may have difficulty emulating their peers' developmentally normative declines in substance use, highlighting the importance of social factors when treating young adults affected by ADHD and substance abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Traci M. Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding author at: Traci M. Kennedy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15217.,
| | - Andrea L. Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottowan, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - John T. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Road, Pavilion East, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Betsy Hoza
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - L. Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, 395E McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lily T. Hechtman
- Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, A04.4205, Montréal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James M. Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, 3 Harvey Court, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Annamarie Stehli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brooke S. G. Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Who cares if college and drinking are synonymous? Identification with typical students moderates the relationship between college life alcohol salience and drinking outcomes. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106046. [PMID: 31330466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable research demonstrating that college life alcohol salience is associated with alcohol use among undergraduates. However, the strength of this association may depend on whether students self-identify with other students on their campus; self-identification with other students may indicate how influential other students are on an individuals' drinking. As such, the current research investigated whether identification with the "typical student" moderated the relationship between college life alcohol salience beliefs and alcohol-related outcomes. Five-hundred and eleven undergraduates reported their alcohol use, how closely they identified with other students, as well as their college life alcohol salience beliefs. Poisson moderated regression models and negative binomial moderation regression models were employed. Results indicated that self-identification with other students was a significant moderator of the association between college life alcohol salience beliefs and frequency of drinking as well as peak number of drinks, but not drinks per week or alcohol-related problems. Findings suggest that it may be important to shift students' perceptions surrounding drinking as being an important part of the college experience, particularly for those who identify with their peers.
Collapse
|
121
|
Guo Y, Ward RM, Speed S. Alcohol-related social norms predict more than alcohol use: examining the relation between social norms and substance use. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1675791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Educational Leadership, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Shannon Speed
- Department of Educational Leadership, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Boyle SC, Earle AM, McCabe N, LaBrie JW. Increasing Chance-Based Uncertainty Reduces Heavy Drinkers' Cognitive Reactance to Web-Based Personalized Normative Feedback. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019. [PMID: 30079876 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite its prominence in the health communication literature, psychological reactance has rarely been considered as a factor that may undermine web-based Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF) alcohol interventions for college students. This study built on recent gamification work to examine how chance-based uncertainty, a popular game mechanic associated with motivation and attention in digital games for learning, might be leveraged to reduce the psychological reactance experienced by heavy drinking students receiving alcohol PNF, thereby leading to larger reductions in their alcohol consumption. METHOD Psychological reactance, perceptions of norms, and drinking behaviors were assessed during a 3-week period following random assignment of binge drinking students (N = 141, 51% female) into one of four web-based PNF conditions. These conditions asked the same questions about drinking and delivered identical PNF on alcohol use but differed in whether animated slot-machine spinners appeared to select participants' question and feedback topics as well as the number of additional topics (beyond alcohol) on which questions were asked and PNF was delivered. RESULTS All conditions similarly reduced drinking norms but differed in the degree to which they aroused cognitive reactance and reduced drinking. Relative to a no-spinner alcohol-only condition, increasing chance-based uncertainty by giving question and feedback topics the appearance of being selected by gamelike spinners substantially reduced cognitive reactance, which, in turn, reduced drinking 20 days later. Overall, participants experienced the least cognitive reactance when spinners first selected three question topics and later selected two of these topics to deliver feedback on. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that introducing chance-based uncertainty through gamelike spinners, asking questions about multiple topics, and delivering feedback on additional topics unrelated to alcohol together work to reduce the degree to which the task feels like an alcohol intervention overtly aimed at reducing consumption, thereby making the alcohol PNF more effective among heavy drinking students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew M Earle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nate McCabe
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Buckner JD, Neighbors C, Walukevich-Dienst K, Young CM. Online personalized normative feedback intervention to reduce event-specific drinking during Mardi Gras. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 27:466-473. [PMID: 30777772 PMCID: PMC6746610 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-risk drinking events (e.g., Mardi Gras) are associated with heavy and problematic drinking behaviors in college students. Online personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions have been found to reduce college drinking, yet few studies have investigated the effect of event-specific PNF on drinking. The present study investigated the impact of a Mardi Gras-specific PNF intervention on Mardi Gras drinking and normative beliefs. Undergraduate students who reported intending to drink during Mardi Gras were randomly assigned to receive PNF (n = 74) or nondrinking control feedback (n = 73), both delivered online. Compared to those in the control condition, those in the PNF condition reported lower normative beliefs at follow-up. Follow-up beliefs mediated the relation between condition and peak estimated blood alcohol content (eBAC) during Mardi Gras such that the PNF condition was related to lower follow-up maximum estimated eBAC via lower follow-up normative beliefs. Baseline drinking moderated treatment effects such that the PNF was related to lower follow-up eBAC among heavier but not lighter baseline drinkers. This is the first known study to find that an event-specific stand-alone PNF intervention administered online in anticipation of a university-wide holiday associated with drinking can result in decreased event-specific drinking via changes in event-specific normative beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
124
|
Blayney JA, Scalco M, Radomski S, Colder C, Read JP. Sexual victimization histories and substance use trajectories during the transition out of college. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:529-539. [PMID: 31343200 PMCID: PMC6742576 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The college years are a period of peak vulnerability for sexual victimization (SV) and substance misuse. During college, students with SV histories report riskier substance use patterns, yet little is known about the influence of SV on substance use behaviors as students begin to transition away from the college environment. This was the purpose of the present study. College seniors (N = 480; 61% female) reported on their alcohol and drug use behaviors across 5 time points spanning 1 calendar year. For many, this year included the transition out of college. Latent growth curve analysis was used to determine whether trajectories for alcohol and drug use as well as alcohol and drug consequences differed based on SV histories (no SV, precollege SV, college SV, precollege + college SV). Results revealed that at the start of senior year, young adults with SV histories reported greater substance use and consequences relative to nonvictimized peers. Over the year, SV histories were associated with steeper declines in substance use and consequences. Despite the declines, those who were revictimized across developmental time periods (precollege + college SV) consistently reported higher alcohol use and consequences across the transitional year, although this did not replicate for other drugs. In sum, although alcohol and other drug involvement among those with SV histories decreased over time, precollege + college SV histories continued to be a persistent risk factor for heavier alcohol use behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
125
|
Trojanowski PJ, Adams LM, Fischer S. Understanding profiles of student binge drinking and eating: The importance of motives. Addict Behav 2019; 96:148-155. [PMID: 31096093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking and binge eating occur frequently in undergraduates; however, the mechanism driving their co-occurrence is not well-understood. Several theories support the role of motives in driving drinking and eating behavior, especially motivations related to affect regulation (i.e., enhancement/pleasure and coping). This study used a person-centered approach to identify classes of students based on eating and drinking motives and past-month binge behavior and examined class differences in psychopathology, emotion regulation, and impulsivity. Undergraduates (N = 776) completed a drinking timeline follow-back and surveys assessing motives, binge eating, psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and quality of life. Mixture modeling was used to group students based on presence/absence of past-month binge eating, binge drinking, and motives for eating and drinking. The analysis resulted in 4 classes: Binge Drinking (with relatively high social and enhancement drinking motives), Binge Eating (with overall high eating motives), Both Bingeing (with high drinking motives, especially coping, and high eating motives), and Low Bingeing (with low motives for both behaviors). ANOVA and post-hoc analyses suggested that the Binge Eating and Both Bingeing groups were most impaired, while the Binge Drinking class rarely differed from the Low Bingeing group across measures of psychological distress. Notably, classes with high eating/drinking motives displayed significant impairment despite not all class members endorsing binge behavior. Findings suggest that binge drinking in addition to binge eating may not imply more psychological impairment and support the importance of assessing motives for eating/drinking among undergraduates and potentially trying to challenge these motives through early intervention.
Collapse
|
126
|
Sanscartier MD, Edgerton JD, Keough MT. Attitudes towards gambling in a Canadian university sample of young adults. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1649448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason D. Edgerton
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
White HR, Kilmer JR, Fossos-Wong N, Hayes K, Sokolovsky AW, Jackson KM. Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use Among College Students: Patterns, Correlates, Norms, and Consequences. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1545-1555. [PMID: 31135972 PMCID: PMC6640138 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and marijuana users often engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use (i.e., using the 2 substances together so that their effects overlap), which can result in more negative consequences than using either substance alone. Nevertheless, little is known about SAM use among contemporary college students to aid in the development of preventive interventions. This study examined SAM use patterns, demographic correlates of SAM use, and normative influences on SAM use and related negative consequences among college students. METHODS Students who had used alcohol and marijuana in the past year were recruited from 3 state universities in states with different laws regarding recreational marijuana use (N = 1,389). They completed an online survey, which assessed their own alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use and related consequences, their perceptions of the proportion of same-gender peers and close friends who engaged in SAM use, marijuana access, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS About three-fourths of participants reported at least 1 occasion of SAM use in the past year with an average frequency of twice per month among SAM users. There were significant differences in SAM use prevalence and frequency by sociodemographic characteristics controlling for past-year alcohol and marijuana frequency. Students in a state with decriminalized recreational marijuana use reported higher frequency of past-year SAM use than students in states with legalized or criminalized use. There were significant demographic differences in perceived norms regarding SAM use among close friends and same-gender peers. SAM users endorsed significantly higher perceived peer and friend norms than nonusers. Also, higher perceived norms predicted more frequent SAM use and more negative consequences of use. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a need for prevention programs on college campuses that address SAM use. Interventions that use personalized normative feedback may be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol Studies and Department of Sociology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-8001, USA
| | - Jason R. Kilmer
- Health and Wellness, Division of Student Life, University of Washington, 109 Elm Hall, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nicole Fossos-Wong
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kerri Hayes
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Alexander W. Sokolovsky
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Davis JP, Pedersen ER, Tucker JS, Dunbar MS, Seelam R, Shih R, D'Amico EJ. Long-term Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1311-1326. [PMID: 31025156 PMCID: PMC6816265 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults in the United States are constantly exposed to substance-related media and advertising content. The current study seeks to explore, developmentally, how exposure to substance-related media content influences both normative beliefs about peer alcohol use and individual alcohol use. Youth (N = 4'840; 50.6% female) were followed for ten years from age 12 to 22. Auto-regressive latent trajectory with structured residual (ALT-SR) models were used to explore within-person reciprocal associations between substance-related media content, descriptive norms, and alcohol use. Results indicated that' across adolescence and young adulthood, exposure to substance-related media content was associated with increased alcohol use via perceived alcohol norms. The pathway from media exposure to alcohol use was mediated by increased perceived norms for adolescents only. With screen time increasing over the last decade, it is important to invest resources into real-time interventions that address substance-related social media content as it relates to misperceived norms and to begin these interventions in early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Davis
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Michael S Dunbar
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rachana Seelam
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Regina Shih
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Ross-Houle K, Quigg Z. Content, perceptions and impact of alcoholic drink promotions in nightlife venues that are targeted towards students. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100163. [PMID: 31193729 PMCID: PMC6542753 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binge drinking is generally considered socially acceptable for students across Western culture. Social norms within the student population have meant that excessive drinking plays a key role in socialising and reinforcing peer group identity. Research has highlighted the United Kingdom (UK) as having elevated levels of alcohol consumption especially within the student population, and the role that drink promotions have in influencing consumption practices. This paper considers promotions of alcoholic drinks in UK nightlife venues and student perceptions of these promotions. Bourdieu's concepts of social and cultural capital are applied to the findings. Method Content analysis of social media posts by nightlife venues (n = 12), observations of nightlife venues (n = 20) and semi-structured focus groups and paired interviews with 32 undergraduate students, from one city in the North West of England. Results Nightlife venues target promotions of alcoholic drinks at students through social media, advertisements throughout nightlife venues, and by promoters outside of venues. These promotions will often influence the course of a night out in terms of venues visited and the drinks consumed. Alcohol holds importance within mainstream student culture; it plays a key role in achieving cultural capital and is a means for students to obtain social capital through the creation of shared experiences, which are key for those who are new to university. Conclusions Nightlife venues will target alcoholic drink promotions at students and will use the notion of creating a shared experience as part of this targeted promotion. This contributes to the overall social and cultural capital that alcohol holds within the student population. This is an important consideration for alcohol policy - it demonstrates how prevention activities need to take into consideration the importance of shared experiences for the students; alternatives to excessive alcohol consumption need to offer a similar opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ross-Houle
- Corresponding author at: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Lee H, Seok B, Sohn A. The Role of Social Media Content on Solitary Drinking Among Korean Adults. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:397-403. [PMID: 31188687 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to provide explanations for how exposure to social media content on solitary drinking influences the frequency and quantity of solitary drinking, and posting about solitary drinking on social networking sites (SNS). An online survey was conducted with 506 Korean adults who had consumed alcohol at least once while alone in the previous year. The study showed the following results: First, exposure to social media content related to solitary drinking was positively associated with both descriptive norms and negative alcohol expectancies, both of which increased solitary drinking and posting on SNS. Second, although social media content influenced injunctive norm perceptions, injunctive norms did not influence solitary drinking or posting on SNS. Findings suggest that correcting descriptive norms on solitary drinking may be an appropriate intervention for solitary alcohol users in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyegyu Lee
- 1 School of Management and Economics, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Beomjin Seok
- 2 School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aeree Sohn
- 3 Department of Health and Human Performance, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Luk JW. Integrating a Quasi-experimental Design to Study Gene-by-Environment Interaction on Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1645-1647. [PMID: 31166026 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, North Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Neighbors C, Krieger H, Rodriguez LM, Rinker DV, Lembo JM. Social identity and drinking: Dissecting social networks and implications for novel interventions. J Prev Interv Community 2019; 47:259-273. [PMID: 31116673 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2019.1603676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Drinking among young adults has been consistently associated with perceptions of prevalence and approval of varying levels of drinking among broadly defined similar others (e.g. other female college students). Few works have considered influences in terms of actual group members comprising individuals' social networks. We proposed two overlapping groups would differentially influence drinking (important others; drinking buddies; and members of both groups). Furthermore, we expected that specific individuals (e.g. romantic partners and family members) would be associated with less drinking. Data were provided from 372 drinkers who logged daily drinking and the presence of network members on MTurk. Results indicated consistent support for the number of network members present as a predictor of the number of drinks consumed per drinking day, regardless of member characteristics. Only important others who were not drinkers and romantic partners failed to demonstrate unique positive associations with drinks per drinking day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Neighbors
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Heather Krieger
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Lindsey M Rodriguez
- b Department of Psychology , University of South Florida , St. Petersburg , USA
| | - Dipali V Rinker
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Jordanna M Lembo
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Cox MJ, DiBello AM, Meisel MK, Ott MQ, Kenney SR, Clark MA, Barnett NP. Do misperceptions of peer drinking influence personal drinking behavior? Results from a complete social network of first-year college students. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:297-303. [PMID: 30869918 PMCID: PMC6483870 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study considered the influence of misperceptions of typical versus self-identified important peers' heavy drinking on personal heavy drinking intentions and frequency utilizing data from a complete social network of college students. The study sample included data from 1,313 students (44% male, 57% White, 15% Hispanic/Latinx) collected during the fall and spring semesters of their freshman year. Students provided perceived heavy drinking frequency for a typical student peer and up to 10 identified important peers. Personal past-month heavy drinking frequency was assessed for all participants at both time points. By comparing actual with perceived heavy drinking frequencies, measures of misperceptions of heavy drinking (accurately estimate, overestimate, underestimate) were constructed for both general and important peers. These misperceptions were then used as predictors of concurrent and prospective personal heavy drinking frequency and intentions using network autocorrelation analyses. The majority of students (84.8%) overestimated, 11.3% accurately estimated, and 3.9% underestimated heavy drinking among their general peers, whereas 42.0% accurately estimated, 36.9% overestimated, and 21.1% underestimated important peers' heavy drinking. For both referents, overestimation of peer heavy drinking was associated with more frequent heavy drinking and higher drinking intentions at both time points. Importantly, the effects of underestimating and overestimating close peers' drinking on personal alcohol use were significant after controlling for the influence of misperceptions of general peers' heavy drinking. Close peers are a critical referent group in assessments related to social norms for young adult alcohol use. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
134
|
Montes KS, Napper LE. Is marijuana identity associated with marijuana use and consequences? An examination of direct and interactive associations. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1286-1296. [PMID: 31010362 PMCID: PMC6510597 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1573835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is relatively little research examining the relationship between identity and marijuana-related outcomes (e.g., marijuana use and consequences). Identity may both directly help shape marijuana use behaviors and moderate the influence of other risk factors on marijuana outcomes. OBJECTIVES The current study examines the relationship between marijuana identity and marijuana-related outcomes among emerging adults and explores whether identity moderates the relationships between nonidentity correlates (e.g., perceived norms and negative affect) of marijuana-related outcomes. METHODS College students who reported marijuana use in the past 12 months completed measures of marijuana identity, perceived norms, negative affect, frequency of marijuana use, and marijuana consequences. Conclusions/Importance: The results indicated that marijuana identity is associated with marijuana use frequency and moderates the relationship between perceived norms and marijuana consequences. The findings have implications for both identity-based and social norms-based interventions targeting problematic marijuana use among emerging adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy E. Napper
- Department of Psychology and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Sieverding M, Specht NK, Agines SG. "Don't Drink Too Much!" Reactance Among Young Men Following Health-Related Social Control. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319825921. [PMID: 30819071 PMCID: PMC6440071 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319825921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated conditions under which young men responded with reactance to the suggestion to reduce their alcohol consumption. In an experimental study, 84 young men (university students, mean age: 24 years) listened to a recorded telephone call and were asked to imagine that they themselves were the recipients of this call. In this call, either a girlfriend or a male friend suggested that the recipient of the call should reduce his alcohol intake that evening. In one condition, the suggestion was highly restrictive; in the other condition, the suggestion was framed in a nonrestrictive way. Perceived threat, negative thoughts, and feelings of anger after listening to the call were assessed. Further outcome variables were intention and perceived probability of complying with the suggestion. Participants felt more anger after hearing the highly restrictive suggestion and more threatened by the suggestion made by the girlfriend. Interaction effects emerged. Participants reported more negative thoughts and lower intention and perceived probability to comply when a highly restrictive suggestion was made by the girlfriend. The male friend’s highly restrictive suggestion resulted in a perceived probability of complying (54%) that was similar to the probability of the girlfriend’s nonrestrictive suggestion (55%). Women’s efforts to reduce their male partners’ alcohol consumption can result in boomerang effects. Male peers might be more effective in motivating other men to behave in a healthier way. These results support recent findings with regard to the potential of peer positive social control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sieverding
- 1 Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole K Specht
- 1 Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina G Agines
- 1 Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Dumas TM, Davis JP, Neighbors C. How much does your peer group really drink? Examining the relative impact of overestimation, actual group drinking and perceived campus norms on university students' heavy alcohol use. Addict Behav 2019; 90:409-414. [PMID: 30537654 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We had 3 aims for this study: (1) to explore the relative impact of perceived drinking group norms versus campus drinking norms on university students' heavy alcohol use, (2) to examine how students' overestimation of their drinking group norms predicts individual heavy alcohol use, while controlling for actual group drinking, and (3) to test if the interaction between overestimation and actual group drinking predicts increased student drinking. Further, we adopted a longitudinal design to tease apart within- and between-person effects in the aforementioned relationships. METHODS University students (N = 118, Mage, 19.40, SD = 1.49, 60.2% women) were recruited in their peer drinking groups and all group members completed 3 online surveys in two-month intervals. Overestimation was calculated as the difference between students' perceptions of their drinking groups' HED and the actual reported HED of group members. RESULTS As expected, results demonstrated notable overestimation of group HED. Further, key results of multilevel growth curve modeling demonstrated that at time points when university students overestimated their drinking groups' HED more than they usually do (i.e., more than their average), they increase in their own HED. Similar within-person results were not found for campus drinking norms or actual group HED and the interaction between overestimation and actual group HED was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the importance of incorporating the peer drinking group as a reference group in personalized normative feedback interventions.
Collapse
|
137
|
Rhodes N, Potocki B, Thomas S. Predicting College Student Drinking and Smoking Intentions With Cognitively Accessible Attitudes and Norms. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:267-274. [PMID: 30628482 DOI: 10.1177/1090198118818238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that make college students more likely to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes is key to developing effective interventions in order to reduce these behaviors. This study sought to understand entering college students' intentions to engage in smoking and drinking behavior by examining the cognitive accessibility (ease of retrieval from memory) of attitudes and norms for drinking. A sample of 413 first-year college students living in on-campus residence halls participated in the study in the first 2 weeks of their first semester of college. Reaction time measures of attitudes and norms assessed the cognitive accessibility of these constructs. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted. Results indicated that the cognitive accessibility of both attitudes and peer injunctive norms predicted behavioral intentions to drink and smoke. Our findings indicate that when injunctive peer norms are accessible from memory, they are better predictors of drinking and smoking intentions than descriptive norms or injunctive family norms. Our work provides important guidance for interventions to reduce risky behavior in college students and suggests that emphasizing social costs of these behaviors may be a promising strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rhodes
- 1 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Sun S, Xiong C, Chang V. Acceptance of Information and Communication Technologies in Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/ijeis.2019010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the influential factors of acceptance of information communication technologies in high educational institutes. using intentions of the mobile educational information system. Based on available adoption models and theories, a research model was proposed and the data from the 250 questionnaires of Chinese students from Chinese and overseas colleges was analyzed by a quantitative method (PLS-SEM method), indicating several factors influencing the use of mobile educational apps. This study was conducted to check the possible changes in these influential factors because some authors pointed out that there might be some possible differences in different countries, fields and types of IT. The results show that student status quo bias will reduce their motivation in using mobile educational apps; their perceived task-technology fit will positively influence their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; and students' perceived descriptive norms of using mobile apps will positively affect their adoption intentions. The study verifies the validity of technology acceptance model, the perceived task-technology fit in explaining technology using behavior. Additionally, the study examines the effect of status quo bias and the mechanism of how task-technology fitness, social norms and status quo bias influence adoption intentions. Finally, study inspires some new research points from the perspective of demographic variables. The study will also help educators and designers to understand the antecedents of acceptance of mobile educational system and promote the quality of education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Sun
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Xiong
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Victor Chang
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
DiBello AM, Miller MB, Carey KB. Positive heavy drinking attitude mediates the association between college alcohol beliefs and alcohol-related outcomes. Addict Behav 2019; 88:29-35. [PMID: 30114674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
College alcohol beliefs and personal attitudes about alcohol use are important predictors of alcohol use and related problems both cross-sectionally and over time. However, little work has examined these constructs together and how they may influence one another in predicting various alcohol related outcomes over time. The current study aimed to evaluate one's attitude toward heavy drinking as a mediator of the association between college alcohol beliefs and drinking related outcomes over a 12-month period of time. Participants were mandated students (n = 568; 28% female) who violated campus alcohol policy and received a Brief Motivational Intervention. Analyses included the use of linear regression for prospective predictions as well as PROCESS to evaluate the proposed mediation models. Overall, the results indicate that one's attitude toward heavy drinking significantly mediates the association between college alcohol beliefs and drinks per week, binge frequency, as well as alcohol-related problems over 12 months. These findings provide a compelling rationale for incorporating both college alcohol beliefs and attitudes in the development and refinement of intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Lindgren KP, Ramirez JJ, Wiers RW, Teachman BA, Norris J, Olin CC, Gasser ML, Kaysen D, Neighbors C. Mood selectively moderates the implicit alcohol association-drinking relation in college student heavy episodic drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:338-349. [PMID: 29771561 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that implicit alcohol-related associations (i.e., indices of relatively fast, spontaneous processes) predict drinking. An important next step is to investigate moderators of the implicit association-drinking relationship. Mood state has been proposed as a moderator of this relationship: implicit associations have been theorized to be stronger predictors of drinking under positive mood states. From the same theoretical perspective, explicit measures (indices of relatively slow, reflective processes) have been proposed to be stronger predictors of drinking under negative mood states. The current study evaluated these hypotheses by investigating whether mood state (manipulated via exposure to a brief video clip) moderated the relations between three types of implicit alcohol-related associations (alcohol excite, alcohol approach, and drinking identity), their explicit counterparts, and drinking in a taste test that included beer and soft drinks. A sample of 152 undergraduate social drinkers (81 men; 71 women) completed baseline measures of implicit alcohol-related associations, their explicit counterparts, and typical drinking behaviors. Participants then viewed a mood-state-inducing video clip (positive, neutral, or negative), and completed the taste test. Results were mixed but generally indicated that prediction of drinking by baseline implicit alcohol excite (but not alcohol approach or drinking identity) associations was moderated by mood. Specifically, implicit alcohol excite associations were more negatively associated with drinking after viewing the sad video and more positively associated with drinking after watching the happy/neutral video. Moderation was also observed for the explicit counterpart of alcohol excite. Findings are discussed in terms of models of negative reinforcement drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia C Olin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | | | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Sun L, Windle M, Thompson NJ. Perceived peer norms and alcohol use among college students in China. Addict Behav 2018; 87:144-150. [PMID: 30029162 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there has been little research on peer drinking norms with non-English speaking college populations. Using a Chinese college student sample, the present study investigated perceived peer norms and their associations with individual alcohol-related behaviors. METHODS Past six-month drinkers (n = 436, 50% men, mean age = 20.49) recruited from one college in China took an anonymous paper-and-pencil survey. To examine the differences in alcohol-related behaviors among groups, one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square tests were conducted. To investigate the associations between perceived peer norms and individual alcohol-related behaviors, sequential linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS There were overall mean differences in alcohol use among participants, perceived best friends, and perceived average student for both men (F (1.98, 421.06) = 13.12, p < .001) and women (F (1.89, 399.70) = 5.79, p < .01). The proportion of best friends perceived as having had heavy episodic drinking was higher than that of participants who had had heavy episodic drinking (χ2 (1, N = 415) = 61.85, p < .001). So was the proportion of the average student perceived as having had heavy episodic drinking (χ2 (1, N = 414) = 68.17, p < .001). After controlling for demographic variables, perceived peer alcohol use explained 17% of the variance in individual alcohol use; perceived peer heavy episodic drinking contributed to 2.6 to 3.6 times higher odds of participants' reporting heavy episodic drinking. CONCLUSIONS Replication research is needed to inform social norms interventions for Chinese college students.
Collapse
|
142
|
Tóth-Király I, Bőthe B, Orosz G. Seeing the forest through different trees: A social psychological perspective of work addiction. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:875-879. [PMID: 30556783 PMCID: PMC6376368 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in exciting times for the scientific study of work addiction, given its increased relevance and the diverse perspectives one might take to approach this phenomenon. Simultaneously, this field does not appear to be unified as a result of several misleading myths, which are addressed by the debate paper of Griffiths et al. (2018). In response, we would like to complement this study by proposing that the construct of interest should be more precisely identified in the context of related constructs and that an integrative framework should be applied, which is able to take into account not just the micro-level characteristics (i.e., individual differences), but meso- (i.e., environmental factors) and macro-level (i.e., societal factors) ones as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Tóth-Király
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Dempsey RC, McAlaney J, Bewick BM. A Critical Appraisal of the Social Norms Approach as an Interventional Strategy for Health-Related Behavior and Attitude Change. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2180. [PMID: 30459694 PMCID: PMC6232455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Social Norms Approach is a widely used intervention strategy for promoting positive health-related behaviors. The Approach operates on the premise that individuals misperceive their peers' behaviors and attitudes, with evidence of under- and over-estimations of behaviors and peer approval for a range of positive and negative behaviors respectively. The greater these misperceptions, the more likely an individual is to engage in negative behaviors such as consuming heavier amounts of alcohol and other substances and reduce positive behaviors such as eating healthily and using sun protection. However, there are many complexities associated with the use of social norms feedback in interventions and empirical studies. Many social norms interventions do not attempt to change misperceptions of social norms or measure changes in normative perceptions pre- and post-intervention. This has led to a conflation of generic social norms interventions with those that are explicitly testing the Approach's assumptions that it is misperceptions of peer norms which drive behavior. The aim of the present review was to provide a critical appraisal of the use of the Social Norms Approach as an intervention strategy for health-related behaviors, identify the current issues with its evidence base, highlight key opportunities and challenges facing the approach, and make recommendations for good practice when using the approach. There are three core challenges and areas for improved practice when using the Social Norms Approach. Firstly, improvements in the methodological rigor and clarity of reporting of 'social norms' research, ensuring that studies are testing the approach's assumption of the role of misperceptions on behaviors are differentiated from studies investigating other forms of 'social norms.' Secondly, the need for a more explicit, unified and testable theoretical model outlining the development of normative misperceptions which can be translated into interventional studies. Finally, a need for a more robust evaluation of social norms interventions in addition to randomized controlled trials, such as the inclusion of process evaluations, qualitative studies of participant experiences of social norms feedback, and alternative study designs better suited for real-world public health settings. Such improvements are required to ensure that the Social Norms Approach is adequately tested and evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Dempsey
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research and Centre for Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - John McAlaney
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgette M. Bewick
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Talley AE, Hughes ML, Wilsnack SC, Hughes TL. Women's Self-Perceived Similarity to Their Mother and Associations with Patterns of Alcohol Misuse over 20 Years. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:707-715. [PMID: 30137187 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study examined transgenerational transmission of risk for female alcohol misuse. Women's perceived similarity to their mother/father in adulthood was examined in terms of its influence on the expected association between perceived maternal alcohol use and female offsprings' trajectories of alcohol misuse. We hypothesized that a daughter's self-perceived similarity to her mother, in instances where her mother was perceived to be a frequent- or problem-drinker, would be associated with an increase in the daughter's count of negative consequences from alcohol use and potential symptoms of alcohol dependence across adulthood. SHORT SUMMARY Women's perceived similarity to their mother/father was examined as a factor influencing associations between perceived parental alcohol use during childhood and patterns of alcohol misuse in adulthood. Women's self-perceived similarity to their frequent- or problem-drinking mothers increased the risk of negative consequences from drinking over time as well as potential symptoms of alcohol dependence over time. METHODS Analyses utilized data from a survey of women (N = 911) who were followed over a 20-year period, beginning in 1981. Women, ages 21 or older and living in households in the contiguous USA, were eligible, and women who consumed four or more alcoholic drinks per week were oversampled. Model estimates were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of heavier drinking women and to reflect national demographics. Latent growth mixture models estimated regression parameters that captured variation in participants' alcohol misuse over time. RESULTS Women who reported that their mother was a frequent- or problem-drinker and who perceived themselves to be similar to their mother, in general, showed increases in alcohol misuse. The same pattern of results was not shown for fathers. CONCLUSIONS Results support that interventions seeking to reduce female alcohol misuse should address the role of perceived similarity to heavy-drinking female role models or 'female-drinker' prototypes to reduce problem-drinking behavior among female drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Talley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2810 18th ST, Room 217, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2810 18th ST, Room 217, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Kar IN, Haynie DL, Luk JW, Simons-Morton BG. Personal Income and Substance Use among Emerging Adults in the United States. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1984-1996. [PMID: 29578821 PMCID: PMC6899059 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1449863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxation and other policy measures have been implemented across the United States to curb the accessibility of substance use, especially among youth. While the inverse relationship between price and youth consumption is well known, available research on youth earned income and substance use is sparser, particularly among emerging adults. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between emerging adult past-year personal income and 30-day substance use. METHODS We analyzed data from Wave 5 (n = 2,202) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, an annual survey study administered to a nationally representative sample of emerging adults in the U.S. Wave 5 (mean age = 20.28 years, SE = 0.02 years) was administered during the 2013-2014 academic year. After grouping participants into five levels of self-reported, pre-tax personal income, we used binomial logistic regression to examine the association between personal income and cigarette smoking, marijuana use, alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking (HED). RESULTS In unadjusted models, those at certain levels of higher past-year income were more likely to smoke cigarettes, consume alcohol, or engage in HED at least once in the past 30 days. Several associations remained significant after controlling for covariates. Most associations were no longer significant after including perceived peer norms as additional covariates. Personal income was not associated with 30-day marijuana use in unadjusted or adjusted models. Conclusions/Importance: Higher earned income may provide emerging adults greater economic access to cigarettes and alcohol, but the association might be partly attenuated by social factors, particularly perceived peer norms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Neal Kar
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Denise L Haynie
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Bruce G Simons-Morton
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Ott MQ, Clark MA, Barnett NP. Relationships between social network characteristics, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences in a large network of first-year college students: How do peer drinking norms fit in? PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:914-921. [PMID: 30265059 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A burgeoning area of research is using social network analysis to investigate college students' substance use behaviors. However, little research has incorporated students' perceived peer drinking norms into these analyses. The present study investigated the association between social network characteristics, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among first-year college students (N = 1,342; 81% of the first-year class) at one university. The moderating role of descriptive norms was also examined. Network characteristics and descriptive norms were derived from participants' nominations of up to 10 other students who were important to them; individual network characteristics included popularity (indegree), network expansiveness (outdegree), relationship reciprocity, and network density. Descriptive norms were defined as participants' average perceived binge drinking frequency among their nominated peers. Network autocorrelation models revealed that indegree and descriptive norms were positively associated with participants' average number of drinks per week, binge drinking frequency, and alcohol-related consequences. Indegree and outdegree interacted with descriptive norms, such that when participants perceived less frequent binge drinking among their peers, outdegree was associated with less alcohol consumption but not consequences. When participants perceived more frequent binge drinking among their peers, indegree and outdegree were associated with more alcohol consumption but not consequences. The present results suggest that being popular and believing that heavy episodic drinking is normative among one's peers are associated with greater alcohol risk. Further, alcohol risks associated with nominating more peers may be enhanced or lessened depending on students' peer drinking norms. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
147
|
Simons-Morton B, Haynie D, Bible J, Liu D. Prospective Associations of Actual and Perceived Descriptive Norms with Drinking Among Emerging Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1771-1781. [PMID: 29400594 PMCID: PMC6146965 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1432651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Descriptive norms are commonly associated with participant drinking. However, study participants may incorrectly perceive that their peers drink about the same amount as they do, which would bias estimates of drinking homogeneity. OBJECTIVES This research examined the magnitude of associations between emerging adults' reports of their own drinking and peer drinking measured the previous year by measures of (1) participants' perceptions of friends' drinking; and (2) actual drinking reported by nominated peers. METHODS The data are from annual surveys conducted in 2014 and 2015, Waves 4 and 5 (the first 2 years after high school) of 7 annual assessments as part of the NEXT Generation Health Study (n = 323). Associations of participant alcohol use with perceived friend use (five closest, closest male, and closest female friends), and with actual peer use. Logistic regression analyses estimated the magnitudes of prospective associations between each measure of peer drinking at W4 and participant drinking at W5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Simons-Morton
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research , Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Denise Haynie
- a Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research , Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Joe Bible
- b Biostatistics, Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina , USA
| | - Danping Liu
- c DCEG, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
The critical role of second-order normative beliefs in predicting energy conservation. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:757-764. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
149
|
Safe sex norm questionnaire for female sex workers: development and validation study in Iran. Public Health 2018; 164:82-90. [PMID: 30218915 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a safe sex norm questionnaire as an appropriate instrument which would be adaptable to the female sex worker (FSW) population. STUDY DESIGN A mixed method study. METHODS Appropriate content was prepared through a literature review. Content validation indices were assessed using interviews with content experts and lay experts. A conservative approach was used to assess the inter-rater agreement among the participants about the instrument relevance and clarity. The scale content validity index was computed using the average method. Non-parametric Mokken scale analysis was used for assessing scalability and unidimensionality of the questionnaire in a sample of 170 FSWs in Tehran. To evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire intra-class correlation and Cronbach's alpha were employed. RESULTS A list of 34 items was finalized, with subscales for actual behavioral norms and for perceived norms. The relevance of the actual and perceived norms subscales in the final questionnaire was higher than 96%; clarity of the subtests was 99% and higher. The comprehensiveness of the actual and perceived norms subscales was 85% for both. Mokken scale analysis showed that the two subscales were distinct constructs, and all items are good indicators for the constructs. CONCLUSION Our findings support that the safe sex norm questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure that would be useful to harm reduction programs and help effective HIV prevention among female sex workers.
Collapse
|
150
|
Kenney SR, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Barnett NP. Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students. Addict Behav 2018; 84:151-159. [PMID: 29684764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students with anxiety and depressive symptomatology face escalated risk for alcohol-related negative consequences. While it is well-established that normative perceptions of proximal peers' drinking behaviors influence students' own drinking behaviors, it is not clear how mental health status impacts this association. In the current study, we examined cross-sectional relationships between anxiety and depressed mood, perceived drinking behaviors and attitudes of important peers, and past month alcohol consumption and related problems in a first-semester college student social network. METHOD Participants (N = 1254, 55% female, 47% non-Hispanic White) were first-year students residing on campus at a single university who completed a web-based survey assessing alcohol use, mental health, and social connections among first-year student peers. Network autocorrelation models were used to examine the independent and interactive associations between mental health and perceptions of close peers' drinking on drinking outcomes, controlling for important variables. RESULTS Mental health interacted with perceptions to predict past-month drinking outcomes, such that higher anxiety and higher perceptions that peers drink heavily was associated with more drinks consumed and consequences, and higher depression and perceptions was associated with more drinks consumed, heavy drinking frequency, and consequences. Attitudes that peers approve of heavy drinking were associated with more drinks consumed and heavy drinking frequency among students with lower (vs. higher) depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong evidence that perceiving that close peers drink heavily is particularly risk-enhancing for anxious and depressed college students, and offers implications about alcohol intervention targeted at these subgroups.
Collapse
|