101
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Meijer FA, Oerlemans GJ, Brunsveld L. Orthosteric and Allosteric Dual Targeting of the Nuclear Receptor RORγt with a Bitopic Ligand. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:510-519. [PMID: 33596047 PMCID: PMC8023582 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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The RORγt nuclear
receptor (NR) is of critical importance
for the differentiation and proliferation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells
and their production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17a. Dysregulation
of RORγt has been linked to various autoimmune diseases, and
small molecule inhibition of RORγt is therefore an attractive
strategy to treat these diseases. RORγt is a unique NR in that
it contains both a canonical, orthosteric and a second, allosteric
ligand binding site in its ligand binding domain (LBD). Hence, dual
targeting of both binding pockets constitutes an attractive alternative
molecular entry for pharmacological modulation. Here, we report a
chemical biology approach to develop a bitopic ligand for the RORγt
NR, enabling concomitant engagement of both binding pockets. Three
candidate bitopic ligands, Bit-L15, Bit-L9, and Bit-L4, comprising an orthosteric and allosteric
RORγt pharmacophore linked via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker,
were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to examine the influence
of linker length on the RORγt binding mode. Bit-L15 and Bit-L9 show convincing evidence of concomitant
engagement of both RORγt binding pockets, while the shorter Bit-L4 does not show this evidence, as was anticipated during
the ligand design. As the most potent bitopic RORγt ligand, Bit-L15, antagonizes RORγt function in a potent manner
in both a biochemical and cellular context. Furthermore, Bit-L15 displays an increased selectivity for RORγt over RORα
and PPARγ compared to the purely orthosteric and allosteric
parent compounds. Combined, these results highlight potential advantages
of bitopic NR modulation over monovalent targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A. Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J.M. Oerlemans
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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102
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de la Fuente Revenga M, Shah UH, Nassehi N, Jaster AM, Hemanth P, Sierra S, Dukat M, González-Maeso J. Psychedelic-like Properties of Quipazine and Its Structural Analogues in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:831-844. [PMID: 33400504 PMCID: PMC7933111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Known classic psychedelic serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists retain a tryptamine or phenethylamine at their structural core. However, activation of the 5-HT2AR can be elicited by drugs lacking these fundamental scaffolds. Such is the case of the N-substituted piperazine quipazine. Here, we show that quipazine bound to and activated 5-HT2AR as measured by [3H]ketanserin binding displacement, Ca2+ mobilization, and accumulation of the canonical Gq/11 signaling pathway mediator inositol monophosphate (IP1) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, quipazine induced via 5-HT2AR an expression pattern of immediate early genes (IEG) in the mouse somatosensory cortex consistent with that of classic psychedelics. In the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) model of psychedelic-like action, quipazine produced a lasting effect with high maximal responses during the peak effect that were successfully blocked by the 5-HT2AR antagonist M100907 and absent in 5-HT2AR knockout (KO) mice. The acute effect of quipazine on HTR appeared to be unaffected by serotonin depletion and was independent from 5-HT3R activation. Interestingly, some of these features were shared by its deaza bioisostere 2-NP, but not by other closely related piperazine congeners, suggesting that quipazine might represent a distinct cluster within the family of psychoactive piperazines. Together, our results add to the mounting evidence that quipazine's profile matches that of classic psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists at cellular signaling and behavioral pharmacology levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Urjita H Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Nima Nassehi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Alaina M Jaster
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Prithvi Hemanth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Salvador Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Malgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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103
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Thanabalasuriar A, Chiang AJ, Morehouse C, Camara M, Hawkins S, Keller AE, Koksal AC, Caceres CS, Berlin AA, Holoweckyj N, Takahashi VN, Cheng L, de Los Reyes M, Pelletier M, Patera AC, Sellman B, Hess S, Marelli M, Boo CC, Cohen TS, DiGiandomenico A. PD-L1 + neutrophils contribute to injury-induced infection susceptibility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabd9436. [PMID: 33674305 PMCID: PMC7935370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms contributing to injury-induced infection susceptibility remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a rapid increase in neutrophil cell numbers in the lungs following induction of thermal injury. These neutrophils expressed elevated levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and exhibited altered gene expression profiles indicative of a reparative population. Upon injury, neutrophils migrate from the bone marrow to the skin but transiently arrest in the lung vasculature. Arrested neutrophils interact with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on lung endothelial cells. A period of susceptibility to infection is linked to PD-L1+ neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Systemic treatment of injured animals with an anti-PD-L1 antibody prevented neutrophil accumulation in the lung and reduced susceptibility to infection but augmented skin healing, resulting in increased epidermal growth. This work provides evidence that injury promotes changes to neutrophils that are important for wound healing but contribute to infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- McGill University, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Abby J Chiang
- Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Margarita Camara
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shonda Hawkins
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ashley E Keller
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Adem C Koksal
- Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Carolina S Caceres
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A Berlin
- Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Holoweckyj
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Lily Cheng
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Melissa de Los Reyes
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mark Pelletier
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Andriani C Patera
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Bret Sellman
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chelsea C Boo
- Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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104
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Pham H, Miller LW. Lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer biosensors for live-cell applications. Methods Enzymol 2021; 651:291-311. [PMID: 33888207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based, Förster resonance energy transfer (LRET) biosensors enable sensitive, time-gated luminescence (TGL) imaging or multiwell plate analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in living mammalian cells. LRET biosensors are polypeptides that consist of an alpha-helical linker sequence sandwiched between a lanthanide complex-binding domain and a fluorescent protein (FP) with two interacting domains residing at each terminus. Interaction between the terminal affinity domains brings the lanthanide complex and FP in close proximity such that lanthanide-to-FP, LRET-sensitized emission is increased. A recent proof-of-concept study examined model biosensors that incorporated the affinity partners FKBP12 and the rapamycin-binding domain of m-Tor (FRB) as well as p53 (1-92) and HDM2 (1-128). The sensors contained an Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR) domain that binds with high selectivity and affinity to Tb(III) complexes coupled to the ligand trimethoprim (TMP). When cell lines that stably expressed the sensors were treated with TMP-Tb(III), TGL microscopy revealed dramatic differences (>500%) in donor- or acceptor-denominated, Tb(III)-to-GFP LRET ratios between open (unbound) and closed (bound) states of the biosensors. Much larger signal changes (>2500%) and Z'-factors of 0.5 or more were observed when cells were grown in 96-well or 384-well plates and analyzed using a TGL plate reader. In this chapter, we elaborate on the design and performance of LRET biosensors and provide detailed protocols to guide their use for live-cell microscopic imaging studies and high-throughput library screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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105
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Kulenkampff K, Wolf Perez AM, Sormanni P, Habchi J, Vendruscolo M. Quantifying misfolded protein oligomers as drug targets and biomarkers in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:277-294. [PMID: 37117282 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are characteristic of a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. A hallmark of these diseases is the aggregation of otherwise soluble and functional proteins into amyloid aggregates. Although for many decades such amyloid deposits have been thought to be responsible for disease progression, it is now increasingly recognized that the misfolded protein oligomers formed during aggregation are, instead, the main agents causing pathological processes. These oligomers are transient and heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to detect and quantify them, generating confusion about their exact role in disease. The lack of suitable methods to address these challenges has hampered efforts to investigate the molecular mechanisms of oligomer toxicity and to develop oligomer-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools to combat protein misfolding diseases. In this Review, we describe methods to quantify misfolded protein oligomers, with particular emphasis on diagnostic applications as disease biomarkers and on therapeutic applications as target biomarkers. The development of these methods is ongoing, and we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed to establish measurement tools capable of overcoming existing limitations and to meet present needs.
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106
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Chaudhry C, Tebben A, Tokarski JS, Borzilleri R, Pitts WJ, Lippy J, Zhang L. An innovative kinome platform to accelerate small-molecule inhibitor discovery and optimization from hits to leads. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1115-1125. [PMID: 33497831 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinases, accounting for 20% of the human genome, have been the focus of pharmaceutical drug discovery efforts for over three decades. Despite concerns surrounding the tractability of kinases as drug targets, it is evident that kinase drug discovery offers great potential, underscored by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of 48 small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Despite these successes, it is challenging to identify novel kinome selective inhibitors with good pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties, and resistance to kinase inhibitor treatment frequently arises. A new era of kinase drug discovery predicates the need for diverse and powerful tools to discover the next generation of kinase inhibitors. Here, we outline key tenets of the Bristol Meyers Squibb (BMS) kinase platform, to enable efficient generation of highly optimized kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Chaudhry
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA.
| | - Andrew Tebben
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - John S Tokarski
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | | | - William J Pitts
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan Lippy
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Litao Zhang
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
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107
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Bodman SE, Butler SJ. Advances in anion binding and sensing using luminescent lanthanide complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2716-2734. [PMID: 34164038 PMCID: PMC8179419 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05419d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide complexes have been actively studied as selective anion receptors for the past two decades. Ln(iii) complexes, particularly of europium(iii) and terbium(iii), offer unique photophysical properties that are very valuable for anion sensing in biological media, including long luminescence lifetimes (milliseconds) that enable time-gating methods to eliminate background autofluorescence from biomolecules, and line-like emission spectra that allow ratiometric measurements. By careful design of the organic ligand, stable Ln(iii) complexes can be devised for rapid and reversible anion binding, providing a luminescence response that is fast and sensitive, offering the high spatial resolution required for biological imaging applications. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of Ln(iii) receptors that exhibit sufficiently high anion selectivity to be utilised in biological or environmental sensing applications. We evaluate the mechanisms of anion binding and sensing, and the strategies employed to tune anion affinity and selectivity, through variations in the structure and geometry of the ligand. We highlight examples of luminescent Ln(iii) receptors that have been utilised to detect and quantify specific anions in biological media (e.g. human serum), monitor enzyme reactions in real-time, and visualise target anions with high sensitivity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Bodman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
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108
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Seeding Propensity and Characteristics of Pathogenic αSyn Assemblies in Formalin-Fixed Human Tissue from the Enteric Nervous System, Olfactory Bulb, and Brainstem in Cases Staged for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010139. [PMID: 33445653 PMCID: PMC7828121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated α-synuclein's (αSyn) seeding activity in tissue from the brain and enteric nervous system. Specifically, we assessed the seeding propensity of pathogenic αSyn in formalin-fixed tissue from the gastric cardia and five brain regions of 29 individuals (12 Parkinson's disease, 8 incidental Lewy body disease, 9 controls) using a protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay. The structural characteristics of the resultant αSyn assemblies were determined by limited proteolysis and transmission electron microscopy. We show that fixed tissue from Parkinson's disease (PD) and incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) seeds the aggregation of monomeric αSyn into fibrillar assemblies. Significant variations in the characteristics of fibrillar assemblies derived from different regions even within the same individual were observed. This finding suggests that fixation stabilizes seeds with an otherwise limited seeding propensity, that yield assemblies with different intrinsic structures (i.e., strains). The lag phase preceding fibril assembly for patients ≥80 was significantly shorter than in other age groups, suggesting the existence of increased numbers of seeds or a higher seeding potential of pathogenic αSyn with time. Seeding activity did not diminish in late-stage disease. No statistically significant difference in the seeding efficiency of specific regions was found, nor was there a relationship between seeding efficiency and the load of pathogenic αSyn in a particular region at a given neuropathological stage.
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109
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Landles C, Milton RE, Jean A, McLarnon S, McAteer SJ, Taxy BA, Osborne GF, Zhang C, Duan W, Howland D, Bates GP. Development of novel bioassays to detect soluble and aggregated Huntingtin proteins on three technology platforms. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcaa231. [PMID: 33604571 PMCID: PMC7878250 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG / polyglutamine repeat expansion. Mutated CAG repeats undergo somatic instability, resulting in tracts of several hundred CAGs in the brain; and genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease have indicated that somatic instability is a major driver of age of onset and disease progression. As the CAG repeat expands, the likelihood that exon 1 does not splice to exon 2 increases, resulting in two transcripts that encode full-length huntingtin protein, as well as the highly pathogenic and aggregation-prone exon 1 huntingtin protein. Strategies that target the huntingtin gene or transcripts are a major focus of therapeutic development. It is essential that the levels of all isoforms of huntingtin protein can be tracked, to better understand the molecular pathogenesis, and to assess the impact of huntingtin protein-lowering approaches in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Huntingtin protein bioassays for soluble and aggregated forms of huntingtin protein are in widespread use on the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence and Meso Scale Discovery platforms, but these do not distinguish between exon 1 huntingtin protein and full-length huntingtin protein. In addition, they are frequently used to quantify huntingtin protein levels in the context of highly expanded polyglutamine tracts, for which appropriate protein standards do not currently exist. Here, we set out to develop novel huntingtin protein bioassays to ensure that all soluble huntingtin protein isoforms could be distinguished. We utilized the zQ175 Huntington's disease mouse model that has ∼190 CAGs, a CAG repeat size for which protein standards are not available. Initially, 30 combinations of six antibodies were tested on three technology platforms: homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay and Meso Scale Discovery, and a triage strategy was employed to select the best assays. We found that, without a polyglutamine-length-matched standard, the vast majority of soluble mutant huntingtin protein assays cannot be used for quantitative purposes, as the highly expanded polyglutamine tract decreased assay performance. The combination of our novel assays, with those already in existence, provides a tool-kit to track: total soluble mutant huntingtin protein, soluble exon 1 huntingtin protein, soluble mutant huntingtin protein (excluding the exon 1 huntingtin protein) and total soluble full-length huntingtin protein (mutant and wild type). Several novel aggregation assays were also developed that track with disease progression. These selected assays can be used to compare the levels of huntingtin protein isoforms in a wide variety of mouse models of Huntington's disease and to determine how these change in response to genetic or therapeutic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Landles
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E Milton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sean J McAteer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bridget A Taxy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina F Osborne
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Howland
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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110
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Cecon E, Lhomme T, Maurice T, Luka M, Chen M, Silva A, Wauman J, Zabeau L, Tavernier J, Prévot V, Dam J, Jockers R. Amyloid Beta Peptide Is an Endogenous Negative Allosteric Modulator of Leptin Receptor. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:370-387. [PMID: 32335558 DOI: 10.1159/000508105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction is now recognized as a pivotal component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia worldwide. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction to AD remain elusive. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the direct impact of soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, the main molecular hallmark of AD, on the leptin system, a major component of central energy metabolism regulation. METHODS We developed a new time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Aβ binding assay for the leptin receptor (LepR) and studied the effect of Aβ on LepR function in several in vitro assays. The in vivo effect of Aβ on LepR function was studied in an Aβ-specific AD mouse model and in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. RESULTS We revealed specific and high-affinity (Ki = 0.1 nM) binding of Aβ to LepR. Pharmacological characterization of this interaction showed that Aβ binds allosterically to the extracellular domain of LepR and negatively affects receptor function. Negative allosteric modulation of LepR by Aβ was detected at the level of signaling pathways (STAT-3, AKT, and ERK) in vitroand in vivo. Importantly, the leptin-induced response of POMC neurons, key players in the regulation of metabolic function, was completely abolished in the presence of Aβ. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Aβ is a negative allosteric modulator of LepR, resulting in impaired leptin action, and qualify LepR as a new and direct target of Aβ oligomers. Preventing the interaction of Aβ with LepR might improve both the metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions in AD condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Chen
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Joris Wauman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France,
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111
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Wang SY, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang HY, Zhang YB, Liu C, Song J, Niu JB, Zhang SY. Review of NEDDylation inhibition activity detection methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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112
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Lee S, Abed DA, Beamer LJ, Hu L. Development of a Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) Assay for the Inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:100-112. [PMID: 32564647 PMCID: PMC10506337 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220935816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), plays a major role in regulating the antioxidant defense system through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-Nrf2-antioxidant response element (Keap1-Nrf2-ARE) pathway. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) decrease the rate of Nrf2 degradation by the 26S proteasome and thus increase the intracellular level of Nrf2, which translocates into the nucleus, leading to upregulated expression of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes. Such inhibitors can be developed into potential preventive and therapeutic agents of diseases caused by oxidative damage. To more effectively identify promising Nrf2 activators through the inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI, a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay was developed in this work by indirectly labeling the Keap1 Kelch domain protein with Tb-anti-His antibody as the donor and using, as the acceptor, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled 9mer Nrf2 peptide amide, the same fluorescent probe that was used in an earlier fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. Assay conditions, including concentrations of the various components, buffer type, and incubation time, were optimized in the TR-FRET competition assay with known small-molecule inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI. Under the optimized conditions, the Keap1-Nrf2 TR-FRET assay exhibited great sensitivity with a high dynamic range and considerable stability for as long as 5 h. The Z' factor was determined to be 0.82, suggesting that the assay is suitable for high-throughput screening and lead optimization of inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI. Furthermore, the TR-FRET assay is capable of differentiating potent inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI down to the subnanomolar inhibition constant (Ki) range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dhulfiqar Ali Abed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lesa J Beamer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Longqin Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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113
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Tapia-Alveal C, Olsen TR, Worgall TS. Personalized immunoglobulin aptamers for detection of multiple myeloma minimal residual disease in serum. Commun Biol 2020; 3:781. [PMID: 33335255 PMCID: PMC7747622 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of plasma cells that secrete patient specific monoclonal immunoglobulins. A recognized problem in MM treatment is the early recognition of minimal residual disease (MRD), the major cause of relapse. Current MRD detection methods (multiparameter flow cytometry and next generation sequencing) are based on the analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Both methods cannot detect extramedullary disease and are unsuitable for serial measurements. We describe the methodology to generate high affinity DNA aptamers that are specific to a patient’s monoclonal Fab region. Such aptamers are 2000-fold more sensitive than immunofixation electrophoresis and enabled detection and quantification of MRD in serum when conventional MRD methods assessed complete remission. The aptamer isolation process that requires small volumes of serum is automatable, and Fab specific aptamers are adaptable to multiple diagnostic formats including point-of-care devices. Tapia-Alveal, Olsen and Worgall develop a novel strategy for patient-specific multiple myeloma diagnostics platform using DNA aptamers. The high affinity DNA aptamers enabled detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) when conventional MRD methods assessed complete remission and are adaptable to multiple diagnostic formats including point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tapia-Alveal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Timothy R Olsen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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114
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Abstract
Drug discovery is moving at a rapid pace and a fast turnaround of bioanalytical data is needed to sustain this pace. This article focuses on the evaluation of time-saving homogeneous proximity immunoassays such as Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay, Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent Capture Luminescence as an alternative to industry popular platforms like mesoscale discovery (MSD) and Gyrolab®. Our evaluation showed that no one platform can be considered the best for all the parameters assessed. Homogeneous proximity platforms were found to be advantageous over MSD and Gyrolab for certain applications and are herein discussed. The factors affecting the performance of homogeneous assays and appropriate corrections are discussed. The homogeneous assays, due to their flexibility, hold a lot of untapped potential for the future of bioanalysis.
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115
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Ditsiou A, Cilibrasi C, Simigdala N, Papakyriakou A, Milton-Harris L, Vella V, Nettleship JE, Lo JH, Soni S, Smbatyan G, Ntavelou P, Gagliano T, Iachini MC, Khurshid S, Simon T, Zhou L, Hassell-Hart S, Carter P, Pearl LH, Owen RL, Owens RJ, Roe SM, Chayen NE, Lenz HJ, Spencer J, Prodromou C, Klinakis A, Stebbing J, Giamas G. The structure-function relationship of oncogenic LMTK3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc3099. [PMID: 33188023 PMCID: PMC7673765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating signaling driven by lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) could help drug development. Here, we solve the crystal structure of LMTK3 kinase domain to 2.1Å resolution, determine its consensus motif and phosphoproteome, unveiling in vitro and in vivo LMTK3 substrates. Via high-throughput homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence screen coupled with biochemical, cellular, and biophysical assays, we identify a potent LMTK3 small-molecule inhibitor (C28). Functional and mechanistic studies reveal LMTK3 is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) client protein, requiring HSP90 for folding and stability, while C28 promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of LMTK3. Pharmacologic inhibition of LMTK3 decreases proliferation of cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel, with a concomitant increase in apoptosis in breast cancer cells, recapitulating effects of LMTK3 gene silencing. Furthermore, LMTK3 inhibition reduces growth of xenograft and transgenic breast cancer mouse models without displaying systemic toxicity at effective doses. Our data reinforce LMTK3 as a druggable target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Nikiana Simigdala
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Leanne Milton-Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Joanne E Nettleship
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jae Ho Lo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goar Smbatyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panagiota Ntavelou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Maria Chiara Iachini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sahir Khurshid
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Philip Carter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Robin L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - S Mark Roe
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Naomi E Chayen
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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116
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Ngo TD, Perdu C, Jneid B, Ragno M, Novion Ducassou J, Kraut A, Couté Y, Stopford C, Attrée I, Rietsch A, Faudry E. The PopN Gate-keeper Complex Acts on the ATPase PscN to Regulate the T3SS Secretion Switch from Early to Middle Substrates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166690. [PMID: 33289667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium of which the main virulence factor is the Type III Secretion System. The ATPase of this machinery, PscN (SctN), is thought to be localized at the base of the secretion apparatus and to participate in the recognition, chaperone dissociation and unfolding of exported T3SS proteins. In this work, a protein-protein interaction ELISA revealed the interaction of PscN with a wide range of exported T3SS proteins including the needle, translocator, gate-keeper and effector. These interactions were further confirmed by Microscale Thermophoresis that also indicated a preferential interaction of PscN with secreted proteins or protein-chaperone complex rather than with chaperones alone, in line with the release of the chaperones in the bacterial cytoplasm after the dissociation from their exported proteins. Moreover, we suggest a new role of the gate-keeper complex and the ATPase in the regulation of early substrates recognition by the T3SS. This finding sheds a new light on the mechanism of secretion switching from early to middle substrates in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Dung Ngo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Perdu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Bakhos Jneid
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Ragno
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | | | - Alexandra Kraut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Stopford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eric Faudry
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France.
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117
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Granel J, Lemoine R, Morello E, Gallais Y, Mariot J, Drapeau M, Musnier A, Poupon A, Pugnière M, Seren S, Nouar D, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Watier H, Korkmaz B, Hoarau C. 4C3 Human Monoclonal Antibody: A Proof of Concept for Non-pathogenic Proteinase 3 Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573040. [PMID: 33101296 PMCID: PMC7546423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a severe autoimmune vasculitis associated with the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) mainly targeting proteinase 3 (PR3), a neutrophilic serine proteinase. PR3-ANCA binding to membrane-bound PR3 on neutrophils induce their auto-immune activation responsible for vascular lesions. However, the correlation between PR3-ANCA level and disease activity remains inconsistent, suggesting the existence of non-pathogenic PR3-ANCA. In order to prove their existence, we immortalized B lymphocytes from blood samples of GPA patients in remission having persistent PR3-ANCA to isolate non-activating PR3-ANCA. We obtained for the first time a non-activating human IgG1κ anti-PR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) named 4C3. This new mAb binds soluble PR3 with a high affinity and membrane-bound PR3 on an epitope close to the PR3 hydrophobic patch and in the vicinity of the active site. 4C3 is able to bind FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB and has a G2F glycosylation profile on asparagine 297. 4C3 did not induce activation of neutrophils and could inhibit human polyclonal PR3-ANCA-induced activation suggesting that 4C3 is non-pathogenic. This characteristic relies on the recognized epitope on PR3 rather than to the Fc portion properties. The existence of non-pathogenic PR3-ANCA, which do not activate neutrophils, could explain the persistence of high PR3-ANCA levels in some GPA patients in remission and why PR3-ANCA would not predict relapse. Finally, these results offer promising perspectives particularly regarding the understanding of PR3-ANCA pathogenicity and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Granel
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eric Morello
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Yann Gallais
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julie Mariot
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marion Drapeau
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Anne Poupon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR 0085, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Seda Seren
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM, UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Dalila Nouar
- Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM, UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Hoarau
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
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118
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Platchek M, Lu Q, Tran H, Xie W. Comparative Analysis of Multiple Immunoassays for Cytokine Profiling in Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:1197-1213. [PMID: 32924773 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220954389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and their receptors play critical roles in biological processes. Dysfunction or dysregulation of cytokines may cause a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Consequently, cytokine profiling and related technologies are essential for biological studies, disease diagnosis, and drug discovery. In this report, three cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), from the same sets of samples were analyzed with several commonly used technologies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], Luminex, Meso Scale Discovery [MSD], time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer [TR-FRET], cytometric bead array [CBA], AlphaLISA, and FirePlex). Through experimental data analysis, several assay features were compared, including sensitivity, dynamic range, and robustness. Our studies reveal that MSD has the best sensitivity in the low detection limit and the broadest dynamic range, while CBA and Luminex also demonstrate superior performance in the sensitivity and dynamic range. Additional aspects of these technologies, including assay principles, formats, throughputs, robustness, costs, and multiplexing capabilities, were also reviewed and compared. Combining all these features, our comparison highlights MSD as the most sensitive technology, while CBA is the most suitable one for cytokine high-throughput screening with multiplexing capability. Along with perspectives on new technology development in the field, this report aims to help readers understand these technologies and select the proper one for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Platchek
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Quinn Lu
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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119
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Kieffer C, Jourdan JP, Jouanne M, Voisin-Chiret AS. Noncellular screening for the discovery of protein–protein interaction modulators. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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120
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Narva S, Xiong X, Ma X, Tanaka Y, Wu Y, Zhang W. Synthesis and Evaluation of Biphenyl-1,2,3-Triazol-Benzonitrile Derivatives as PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21181-21190. [PMID: 32875254 PMCID: PMC7450630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 3-(4-((5-((2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl) methoxy)-2-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile derivatives and examined the effect of the compounds on the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. Among the newly synthesized compounds, compound 7 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity for PD-1/PD-L1 binding, with an IC50 value being 8.52 μM, through homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. Docking studies indicated that compound 7 can very well interact with PD-L1 dimerization like BMS-202 as a positive control, consistent with the results of the HTRF assay. Compound 7 is thus a promising candidate for further optimization as an inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Narva
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical
Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute
of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xuqiong Xiong
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical
Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute
of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical
Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute
of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center
for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yanling Wu
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical
Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute
of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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121
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Blay V, Tolani B, Ho SP, Arkin MR. High-Throughput Screening: today's biochemical and cell-based approaches. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1807-1821. [PMID: 32801051 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) provides starting chemical matter in the adventure of developing a new drug. In this review, we survey several HTS methods used today for hit identification, organized in two main flavors: biochemical and cell-based assays. Biochemical assays discussed include fluorescence polarization and anisotropy, FRET, TR-FRET, and fluorescence lifetime analysis. Binding-based methods are also surveyed, including NMR, SPR, mass spectrometry, and DSF. On the other hand, cell-based assays discussed include viability, reporter gene, second messenger, and high-throughput microscopy assays. We devote some emphasis to high-content screening, which is becoming very popular. An advisable stage after hit discovery using phenotypic screens is target deconvolution, and we provide an overview of current chemical proteomics, in silico, and chemical genetics tools. Emphasis is made on recent CRISPR/dCas-based screens. Lastly, we illustrate some of the considerations that inform the choice of HTS methods and point to some areas with potential interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blay
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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122
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Chen A, Wu DL, Shi J, Narva S, Zhao XY, Wu YL, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-methyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-pyrimidine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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123
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, König A, Cima-Omori MS, Ibáñez de Opakua A, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Zweckstetter M, Griesinger C, Outeiro TF. Effects of pharmacological modulators of α-synuclein and tau aggregation and internalization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12827. [PMID: 32732936 PMCID: PMC7393090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly and, therefore, affect a growing number of patients worldwide. Both diseases share, as a common hallmark, the accumulation of characteristic protein aggregates, known as Lewy bodies (LB) in PD, and neurofibrillary tangles in AD. LBs are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein (aSyn), and neurofibrillary tangles are primarily composed of tau protein. Importantly, upon pathological evaluation, most AD and PD/Lewy body dementia cases exhibit mixed pathology, with the co-occurrence of both LB and neurofibrillary tangles, among other protein inclusions. Recent studies suggest that both aSyn and tau pathology can spread and propagate through neuronal connections. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms underlying aggregation and propagation of these proteins for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we assessed the effects of different pharmacological interventions on the aggregation and internalization of tau and aSyn. We found that anle138b and fulvic acid decrease aSyn and tau aggregation, that epigallocatechin gallate decreases aSyn aggregation, and that dynasore reduces tau internalization. Establishing the effects of small molecules with different chemical properties on the aggregation and spreading of aSyn and tau will be important for the development of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria-Sol Cima-Omori
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alain Ibáñez de Opakua
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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124
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Waltenspühl Y, Schöppe J, Ehrenmann J, Kummer L, Plückthun A. Crystal structure of the human oxytocin receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5419. [PMID: 32832646 PMCID: PMC7439316 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone oxytocin modulates socioemotional behavior and sexual reproduction via the centrally expressed oxytocin receptor (OTR) across several species. Here, we report the crystal structure of human OTR in complex with retosiban, a nonpeptidic antagonist developed as an oral drug for the prevention of preterm labor. Our structure reveals insights into the detailed interactions between the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and an OTR-selective antagonist. The observation of an extrahelical cholesterol molecule, binding in an unexpected location between helices IV and V, provides a structural rationale for its allosteric effect and critical influence on OTR function. Furthermore, our structure in combination with experimental data allows the identification of a conserved neurohypophyseal receptor-specific coordination site for Mg2+ that acts as potent, positive allosteric modulator for agonist binding. Together, these results further our molecular understanding of the oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family and will facilitate structure-guided development of new therapeutics.
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125
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Chen F, Yang L, Zhai L, Huang Y, Chen F, Duan W, Yang J. Methyl brevifolincarboxylate, a novel influenza virus PB2 inhibitor from Canarium Album (Lour.) Raeusch. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1280-1291. [PMID: 32519462 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (MBC) was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. The structure was identified, and the effect on influenza A virus infection was evaluated. MBC exhibited inhibitory activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) with IC50 values of 27.16 ± 1.39 μM and 33.41 ± 2.34 μM. Mechanism studies indicated that MBC inhibited the replication of influenza A virus by targeting PB2 cap-binding domain. Our results demonstrated MBC was a potent PB2 cap-binding inhibitor and represented as a new type of promising lead compound for the development of anti-influenza virus drugs from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luoping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingna Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feimin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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126
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Zito G, Buscetta M, Cimino M, Dino P, Bucchieri F, Cipollina C. Cellular Models and Assays to Study NLRP3 Inflammasome Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124294. [PMID: 32560261 PMCID: PMC7352206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that initiates innate immunity responses when exposed to a wide range of stimuli, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Inflammasome activation leads to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and to pyroptotic cell death. Over-activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. A deep knowledge of NLRP3 inflammasome biology is required to better exploit its potential as therapeutic target and for the development of new selective drugs. To this purpose, in the past few years, several tools have been developed for the biological characterization of the multimeric inflammasome complex, the identification of the upstream signaling cascade leading to inflammasome activation, and the downstream effects triggered by NLRP3 activation. In this review, we will report cellular models and cellular, biochemical, and biophysical assays that are currently available for studying inflammasome biology. A special focus will be on those models/assays that have been used to identify NLRP3 inhibitors and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zito
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Buscetta
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maura Cimino
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Dino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6809191; Fax: +39-091-6809122
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127
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Cooley R, Kara N, Hui NS, Tart J, Roustan C, George R, Hancock DC, Binkowski BF, Wood KV, Ismail M, Downward J. Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15675.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLuc ® Binary Technology (NanoBiT ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
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128
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The structural differences between patient-derived α-synuclein strains dictate characteristics of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:977-1000. [PMID: 32356200 PMCID: PMC7244622 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are defined by the presence of α-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates throughout the nervous system but diverge from one another with regard to their clinical and pathological phenotype. The recent generation of pure fibrillar αSYN polymorphs with noticeable differences in structural and phenotypic traits has led to the hypothesis that different αSYN strains may be in part responsible for the heterogeneous nature of synucleinopathies. To further characterize distinct αSYN strains in the human brain, and establish a structure-pathology relationship, we pursued a detailed comparison of αSYN assemblies derived from well-stratified patients with distinct synucleinopathies. We exploited the capacity of αSYN aggregates found in the brain of patients suffering from PD, MSA or DLB to seed and template monomeric human αSYN in vitro via a protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay. A careful comparison of the properties of total brain homogenates and pure in vitro amplified αSYN fibrillar assemblies upon inoculation in cells and in the rat brain demonstrates that the intrinsic structure of αSYN fibrils dictates synucleinopathies characteristics. We report that MSA strains show several similarities with PD strains, but are significantly more potent in inducing motor deficits, nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, αSYN pathology, spreading, and inflammation, reflecting the aggressive nature of this disease. In contrast, DLB strains display no or only very modest neuropathological features under our experimental conditions. Collectively, our data demonstrate a specific signature for PD, MSA, and DLB-derived strains that differs from previously described recombinant strains, with MSA strains provoking the most aggressive phenotype and more similarities with PD compared to DLB strains.
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129
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Zhou Y, Du DH, Wang J, Cai XQ, Deng AX, Nosjean O, Boutin JA, Renard P, Yang DH, Luo C, Wang MW. Identification of catalytic and non-catalytic activity inhibitors against PRC2-EZH2 complex through multiple high-throughput screening campaigns. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1024-1051. [PMID: 32394628 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) along with embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12), which implements transcriptional repression mainly by depositing trimethylation marks at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Its catalytic activity is closely correlated with the stability of PRC2, and somatic activating mutation of EZH2 Y641F within the catalytic SET domain drives tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we report two high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns targeting EZH2 Y641F and EZH2-EED interaction, respectively. For the EZH2 Y641F mutant, the HTS campaign involved a library of 250,000 compounds using a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay and identified 162 hits, while 60,160 compounds were screened against EZH2-EED interaction with a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay resulting in 97 hits. Among the 162 EZH2 Y641F inhibitors, 38 also suppressed EZH2-EED interaction and 80 showed inhibitory effects on the wide-type (WT) EZH2. Meanwhile, 10 of the 97 EZH2-EED interaction inhibitors were active against WT EZH2. These hit compounds provide useful tools for the development of novel PRC2-EZH2 inhibitors targeting its catalytic and non-catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Hai Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cai
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia X Deng
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - De-Hua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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130
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Milton-Harris L, Jeeves M, Walker SA, Ward SE, Mancini EJ. Small molecule inhibits T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia oncogenic interaction through conformational modulation of LMO2. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1737-1748. [PMID: 32477463 PMCID: PMC7233811 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression in T-cell precursors of LIM only protein 2 (LMO2), a key factor in hematopoietic development, has been linked to the onset of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). In the T-ALL context, LMO2 drives oncogenic progression through binding to erythroid-specific transcription factor SCL/TAL1 and sequestration of E-protein transcription factors, normally required for T-cell differentiation. A key requirement for the formation of this oncogenic protein-protein interaction (PPI) is the conformational flexibility of LMO2. Here we identify a small molecule inhibitor of the SCL-LMO2 PPI, which hinders the interaction in vitro through direct binding to LMO2. Biophysical analysis demonstrates that this inhibitor acts through a mechanism of conformational modulation of LMO2. Importantly, this work has led to the identification of a small molecule inhibitor of the SCL-LMO2 PPI, which can provide a starting point for the development of new agents for the treatment of T-ALL. These results suggest that similar approaches, based on the modulation of protein conformation by small molecules, might be used for therapeutic targeting of other oncogenic PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Milton-Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Department, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Walker
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Erika J Mancini
- School of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Department, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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131
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Yu Q, Jiang Y, Sun Y. Anticancer drug discovery by targeting cullin neddylation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:746-765. [PMID: 32528826 PMCID: PMC7276695 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein neddylation is a post-translational modification which transfers the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to a lysine residue of the target substrate through a three-step enzymatic cascade. The best-known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins, which are the core component of Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Given that cullin neddylation is required for CRL activity, and CRLs control the turn-over of a variety of key signal proteins and are often abnormally activated in cancers, targeting neddylation becomes a promising approach for discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In the past decade, we have witnessed significant progress in the field of protein neddylation from preclinical target validation, to drug screening, then to the clinical trials of neddylation inhibitors. In this review, we first briefly introduced the nature of protein neddylation and the regulation of neddylation cascade, followed by a summary of all reported chemical inhibitors of neddylation enzymes. We then discussed the structure-based targeting of protein–protein interaction in neddylation cascade, and finally the available approaches for the discovery of new neddylation inhibitors. This review will provide a focused, up-to-date and yet comprehensive overview on the discovery effort of neddylation inhibitors.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine 5′-monophosphate
- Anticancer
- BLI, biolayer interferometry
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- Drug discovery
- FH, frequent hitters
- HTS, high-throughput screen
- High-throughput screening
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- NAE, NEDD8 activating enzyme
- Neddylation
- PAINS, pan-assay interference compounds
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- Small molecule inhibitors
- UBL, ubiquitin-like protein
- Ubiquitin–proteasome system
- Virtual screen
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132
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Xiao BB, Xia GY, Wang LY, Qiu BL, Xia H, Zhong WC, Tian GH, Lin S. (±)-Bicoryanhunine A, dimeric benzylisoquinoline alkaloid atropo-enantiomers from Corydalis yanhusuo. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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133
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Kopra K, Vuorinen E, Abreu-Blanco M, Wang Q, Eskonen V, Gillette W, Pulliainen AT, Holderfield M, Härmä H. Homogeneous Dual-Parametric-Coupled Assay for Simultaneous Nucleotide Exchange and KRAS/RAF-RBD Interaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4971-4979. [PMID: 32106676 PMCID: PMC7143314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and sensitive single-well dual-parametric method introduced in linked RAS nucleotide exchange and RAS/RAF-RBD interaction assays. RAS mutations are frequent drivers of multiple different human cancers, but the development of therapeutic strategies has been challenging. Traditionally, efforts to disrupt the RAS function have focused on nucleotide exchange inhibitors, GTP-RAS interaction inhibitors, and activators increasing GTPase activity of mutant RAS proteins. As the amount of biological knowledge grows, targeted biochemical assays enabling high-throughput screening have become increasingly interesting. We have previously introduced a homogeneous quenching resonance energy transfer (QRET) assay for nucleotide binding studies with RAS and heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we introduce a novel homogeneous signaling technique called QTR-FRET, which combine QRET technology and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET). The dual-parametric QTR-FRET technique enables the linking of guanine nucleotide exchange factor-induced Eu3+-GTP association to RAS, monitored at 615 nm, and subsequent Eu3+-GTP-loaded RAS interaction with RAF-RBD-Alexa680 monitored at 730 nm. Both reactions were monitored in a single-well assay applicable for inhibitor screening and real-time reaction monitoring. This homogeneous assay enables separable detection of both nucleotide exchange and RAS/RAF interaction inhibitors using low nanomolar protein concentrations. To demonstrate a wider applicability as a screening and real-time reaction monitoring method, the QTR-FRET technique was also applied for G(i)α GTP-loading and pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of G(i)α, for which we synthesized a novel γ-GTP-Eu3+ molecule. The study indicates that the QTR-FRET detection technique presented here can be readily applied to dual-parametric assays for various targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Kopra
- Materials
Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Emmiliisa Vuorinen
- Materials
Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Abreu-Blanco
- Leidos
Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Dr., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute
of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Eskonen
- Materials
Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - William Gillette
- Leidos
Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Dr., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Arto T. Pulliainen
- Institute
of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Holderfield
- Leidos
Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Dr., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Harri Härmä
- Materials
Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
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134
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Myers MC, Bilder DM, Cavallaro CL, Chao HJ, Su S, Burford NT, Nayeem A, Wang T, Yan M, Langish RA, Dabros M, Li YX, Rose AV, Behnia K, Onorato JM, Gargalovic PS, Wexler RR, Lawrence RM. Discovery and SAR of aryl hydroxy pyrimidinones as potent small molecule agonists of the GPCR APJ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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135
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McCarthy KA, Franklin GJ, Lancia DR, Olbrot M, Pardo E, O’Connell JC, Kollmann CS. The Impact of Variable Selection Coverage on Detection of Ligands from a DNA-Encoded Library Screen. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:515-522. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555220908240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology has become a prominent screening platform in drug discovery owing to the capacity to screen billions or trillions of compounds in a single experiment. Although numerous successes with DEL technology have been reported, we are unaware of a rigorous examination of the many different variables that can influence a screen’s success. Herein, we explore the impact of variable sample sequencing depth on the detection of tool compounds with known affinities toward a given target while simultaneously probing the effect of initial compound input. Our sequencing data confirm reports that high-affinity compounds can be discovered directly from a DEL screen, but we demonstrate that a mismatch between selection output and sequencing quantity can obscure useful ligands. Our results highlight the importance of selection coverage in grasping the entire picture of a DEL screen where the signal of a weak or underrepresented ligand may be suppressed by the inherent noise of a selection. These potential missed ligands may be critical to the success or failure of a drug discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eneida Pardo
- FORMA Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, USA
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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136
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Arezes J, Foy N, McHugh K, Quinkert D, Benard S, Sawant A, Frost JN, Armitage AE, Pasricha SR, Lim PJ, Tam MS, Lavallie E, Pittman DD, Cunningham O, Lambert M, Murphy JE, Draper SJ, Jasuja R, Drakesmith H. Antibodies against the erythroferrone N-terminal domain prevent hepcidin suppression and ameliorate murine thalassemia. Blood 2020; 135:547-557. [PMID: 31899794 PMCID: PMC7046598 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroferrone (ERFE) is produced by erythroblasts in response to erythropoietin (EPO) and acts in the liver to prevent hepcidin stimulation by BMP6. Hepcidin suppression allows for the mobilization of iron to the bone marrow for the production of red blood cells. Aberrantly high circulating ERFE in conditions of stress erythropoiesis, such as in patients with β-thalassemia, promotes the tissue iron accumulation that substantially contributes to morbidity in these patients. Here we developed antibodies against ERFE to prevent hepcidin suppression and to correct the iron loading phenotype in a mouse model of β-thalassemia [Hbb(th3/+) mice] and used these antibodies as tools to further characterize ERFE's mechanism of action. We show that ERFE binds to BMP6 with nanomolar affinity and binds BMP2 and BMP4 with somewhat weaker affinities. We found that BMP6 binds the N-terminal domain of ERFE, and a polypeptide derived from the N terminus of ERFE was sufficient to cause hepcidin suppression in Huh7 hepatoma cells and in wild-type mice. Anti-ERFE antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain prevented hepcidin suppression in ERFE-treated Huh7 cells and in EPO-treated mice. Finally, we observed a decrease in splenomegaly and serum and liver iron in anti-ERFE-treated Hbb(th3/+) mice, accompanied by an increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin and a decrease in reticulocyte counts. In summary, we show that ERFE binds BMP6 directly and with high affinity, and that antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain of ERFE that prevent ERFE-BMP6 interactions constitute a potential therapeutic tool for iron loading anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Foy
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Quinkert
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Benard
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anagha Sawant
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Joe N Frost
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - May S Tam
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Orla Cunningham
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Lambert
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John E Murphy
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Simon J Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Reema Jasuja
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Haematology Theme NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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137
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Manaswiyoungkul P, Erdogan F, Olaoye OO, Cabral AD, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. Optimization of a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay for STAT5B DNA binding domain-targeting inhibitors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113182. [PMID: 32113119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) is constitutively activated in multiple cancers as a result of hyperactivating mutations or dysregulation of upstream effectors. Therapeutic strategies have predominantly targeted the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain to inhibit STAT phosphorylation, a prerequisite for STAT5B transcriptional activation. An alternative approach for STAT5B pharmacologic inhibition involves targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD). However, this strategy remains relatively unexplored and is further hindered by the lack of a high-throughput in vitro engagement assay. Herein, we present the development and optimization of a STAT5B DBD fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, which facilitates rapid screening of small molecules targeting the STAT5B DBD though displacement of a fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide. The assay can generate a complete DNA-binding profile in 10 min, with signal stability up to 2 h, and minimal changes under a range of conditions including 10 % (v/v) glycerol, 15 % (v/v) DMSO, 1 mM NaCl, 0.02 % (w/v) BSA, and 1 mM EDTA. This assay is compatible with both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated STAT5B and demonstrates suitability for high-throughput screening with a Z' factor of 0.68 ± 0.07 and a signal to noise ratio of 6.7 ± 0.84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Aaron D Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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138
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Cooley R, Kara N, Hui NS, Tart J, Roustan C, George R, Hancock DC, Binkowski BF, Wood KV, Ismail M, Downward J. Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 32587898 PMCID: PMC7308888 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15675.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLuc â ® Binary Technology (NanoBiT â ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julian Downward
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, UK, London, UK
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139
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Thomas-Fowlkes B, Cifelli S, Souza S, Visconti R, Struck A, Weinglass A, Wildey MJ. Cell-Based In Vitro Assay Automation: Balancing Technology and Data Reproducibility/Predictability. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:276-285. [PMID: 32003291 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320902095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are modulated by many marketed drugs, and as such, they continue to be key targets for drug discovery and development. Many GPCR targets at Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) are profiled using homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) inositol monophosphate (IP-1) cell-based functional assays using adherent cells in 384-well microplates. Due to discrepancies observed across several in vitro assays supporting lead optimization structure-activity relationship (SAR) efforts, different assay paradigms were evaluated for removing growth medium from the assay plates prior to compound addition and determination of IP-1 accumulation. Remarkably, employing the noncontact centrifugation BlueWasher method leads to left-shifted potencies across multiple structural classes and rescues "false negatives" relative to the traditional manual evacuation method. Further, assay performance is improved, with the minimum significant ratio of challenging chemotypes dropping from ~5-6 to <3. While the impact of BlueWasher on a broad range of our GPCR targets remains to be determined, for highly protein-bound small molecules, it provides a path toward improving assay reproducibility across scientists and sites as well as reducing replicates in SAR assay support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brande Thomas-Fowlkes
- Screening, Target and Compound Profiling, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Global Clinical Trials Operations, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Cifelli
- Screening, Target and Compound Profiling, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Souza
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Evotec AG, Princeton Junction, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Visconti
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Alice Struck
- Screening, Target and Compound Profiling, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Adam Weinglass
- Screening, Target and Compound Profiling, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Jo Wildey
- Screening, Target and Compound Profiling, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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140
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Insulin deficiency promotes formation of toxic amyloid-β42 conformer co-aggregating with hyper-phosphorylated tau oligomer in an Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104739. [PMID: 31927145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic conformer of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) ending at 42 (Aβ42), which contains a unique turn conformation at amino acid residue positions 22 and 23 and tends to form oligomers that are neurotoxic, was reported to play a critical role in the pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which diabetes mellitus (DM)-like mechanisms are also suggested to be operative. It remains to be established whether the attenuation of insulin signaling is involved in an increase of toxic Aβ42 conformer levels. The present study investigated the association between impaired insulin metabolism and formation of toxic Aβ42 conformers in the brains of an AD mouse model. In particular, we studied whether insulin deficiency or resistance affected the formation of toxic Aβ42 conformers in vivo. We induced insulin deficiency and resistance in 3xTg-AD mice, a mouse AD model harboring two familial AD-mutant APP (KM670/671NL) and PS1 (M146 V) genes and a mutant TAU (P301L) gene, by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and a high fructose diet (HFuD), respectively. Cognitive impairment was significantly worsened by STZ injection but not by HFuD. Dot blot analysis revealed significant increases in total Aβ42 levels and the ratio of toxic Aβ42 conformer/total Aβ42 in STZ-treated mice compared with control and HFuD-fed mice. Immunostaining showed the accumulation of toxic Aβ42 conformers and hyper-phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), which was more prominent in the cortical and hippocampal neurons of STZ-treated mice compared with HFuD-fed and control mice. HFuD-fed mice showed only a mild-to-moderate increase of these proteins compared with controls. Toxic Aβ42 conformers were co-localized with p-tau oligomers (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.62) in the hippocampus, indicating their co-aggregation. Toxic Aβ42 conformer levels were inversely correlated with pancreatic insulin secretion capacity as shown by fasting immunoreactive insulin levels in STZ-treated mice (correlation coefficient = -0.5879, p = .04441), but not HFuD-fed mice, suggesting a decrease in serum insulin levels correlates with toxic Aβ42 conformer formation. Levels of p-Akt and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β measured by a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay were significantly lower in STZ-treated mice than in HFuD-fed mice, suggesting a greater inhibition of brain insulin signaling by STZ than HFuD, although both levels were significantly decreased in these groups compared with controls. Iba1-positive and NOS2-positive areas in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in STZ-treated mice and to a lesser extent in HFuD-fed mice compared with controls. These findings suggest that insulin deficiency rather than insulin resistance and the resultant impairment of brain insulin signaling facilitates the formation of toxic Aβ42 conformer and its co-aggregation with p-tau oligomers, and that insulin deficiency is an important pathogenic factor in the progression of AD.
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141
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Zhou H, Peng X, Hou T, Zhao N, Qiu M, Zhang X, Liang X. Identification of novel phytocannabinoids from Ganoderma by label-free dynamic mass redistribution assay. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112218. [PMID: 31494202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Located throughout the body, cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) are therapeutic targets for obesity/metabolic diseases, neurological/mental disorders, and immune modulation. Phytocannabinoids are greatly important for the development of new medicines with high efficacy and/or minor side effects. Plants and fungi are used in traditional medicine for beneficial effects to mental and immune system. The current research studied five fungi from the genus Ganoderma and five plants: Ganoderma hainanense J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang; Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) Teng, Zhong Guo De Zhen Jun; Ganoderma cochlear (Blume & T. Nees) Bres., Hedwigia; Ganoderma resinaceum Boud.; Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.; Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae); Cynanchum otophyllum C. K. Schneid. (Asclepiadaceae); Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae); Prinsepia utilis Royle (Rosaceae); Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae). They show immunoregulation, promotion of longevity and maintenance of vitality, stimulant effects on the central nervous system, hormone balance and other beneficial effects. However, it remains unclear whether cannabinoid receptors are involved in these effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to identify components working on CB1 and CB2 from the above plants and fungi, as novel phytocannabinoids, and to investigate mechanisms of how these compounds affected the cells. By analyzing the structure-activity relationship, we could identify the core structure for future development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two natural compounds were screened on stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, CHO-CB1 and CHO-CB2, with application of a label-free dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) technology that measured cellular responses to compounds. CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2 were agonist probe molecules, and SR141716A and SR144528 were antagonist probes. Pertussis toxin, cholera toxin, LY294002 and U73122 were signaling pathway inhibitors. The DMR data were acquired by Epic Imager software (Corning, NY), processed by Imager Beta 3.7 (Corning), and analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). RESULTS Transfected CHO-CB1 and CHO-CB2 cell lines were established and characterized. Seven compounds induced responses/activities in the cells. Among the seven compounds, four were purified from two Ganoderma species with potencies between 20 and 35 μM. Three antagonists: Kfb68 antagonized both receptors with a better desensitizing effect on CB2 to WIN55,212-2 over CP55,940. Kga1 and Kfb28 were antagonists selective to CB1 and CB2, respectively. Kfb77 was a special agonist and it stimulated CB1 in a mechanism different from that of CP55,940. Another three active compounds, derived from the Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), were also identified but their effects were mediated through mechanisms much related to the signaling transduction pathways, especially through the stimulatory Gs protein. CONCLUSIONS We identified four natural cannabinoids that exhibited structural and functional diversities. Our work confirms the presence of active ingredients in the Ganoderma species to CB1 and CB2, and this finding establishes connections between the fungi and the cannabinoid receptors, which will serve as a starting point to connect their beneficial effects to the endocannabinoid system. This research will also enrich the inventory of cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids from fungi. Yet due to some limitations, further structure-activity relationship studies and mechanism investigation are warranted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xingrong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- Pharmacology Department, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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142
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Tomlinson CW, Whiting A. The development of methodologies for high-throughput retinoic acid binding assays in drug discovery and beyond. Methods Enzymol 2020; 637:539-560. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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143
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Jackson E, Heidl M, Imfeld D, Meeus L, Schuetz R, Campiche R. Discovery of a Highly Selective MC1R Agonists Pentapeptide to Be Used as a Skin Pigmentation Enhancer and with Potential Anti-Aging Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246143. [PMID: 31817532 PMCID: PMC6940745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the first lines of cutaneous defense against photoaging is (a) the synthesis of melanin and (b) the initiation of an oxidative stress response to protect skin against the harmful effects of solar radiation. Safe and selective means to stimulate epidermal pigmentation associated with oxidative stress defense are; however, scarce. Activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on epidermal melanocytes represents a key step in cutaneous pigmentation initiation and, additionally, it regulates cellular defense mechanisms like oxidative stress and DNA-repair. Thus, making the activation of MC1R an attractive strategy for modulating skin pigmentation and oxidative stress. In this context, we designed and synthesized pentapeptides that act as MC1R agonists. These peptides bound, with high potency, to MC1R and activated cAMP synthesis in CHO cells expressing human MC1R. Using one lead pentapeptide, we could show that this activation of MC1R was specific as testing the activation of other G-protein coupled receptors, including the MC-receptor family, was negative. In vitro efficacy on mouse melanoma cells showed similar potency as for the synthetic MC1R agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-alpha-MSH). Moreover, we could reproduce this activity in human skin tissue culture. The lead pentapeptide was able to induce ex-vivo protein expression of key melanogenesis markers melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1). Concerning oxidative stress response, we found that the pentapeptide enhanced the activation of Nrf2 after UVA-irradiation. Our results make this pentapeptide an ideal candidate as a skin pigmentation enhancer that mimics alpha-MSH and may also have anti-photoaging effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Jackson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care and Aroma, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (E.J.); (M.H.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Marc Heidl
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care and Aroma, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (E.J.); (M.H.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Dominik Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care and Aroma, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (E.J.); (M.H.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Laurent Meeus
- EuroscreenFast, a Business Unit of EPICS Therapeutics S.A., 6041 Gosselies, Belgium;
| | - Rolf Schuetz
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care and Aroma, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (E.J.); (M.H.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Remo Campiche
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care and Aroma, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (E.J.); (M.H.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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144
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Barrile F, M'Kadmi C, De Francesco PN, Cabral A, García Romero G, Mustafá ER, Cantel S, Damian M, Mary S, Denoyelle S, Banères JL, Marie J, Raingo J, Fehrentz JA, Perelló M. Development of a novel fluorescent ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor based on the N-Terminal Leap2 region. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110573. [PMID: 31499133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was recently recognized as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which also is a receptor for the hormone ghrelin. LEAP2 blocks ghrelin-induced activation of GHSR and inhibits GHSR constitutive activity. Since fluorescence-based imaging and pharmacological analyses to investigate the biology of GHSR require reliable probes, we developed a novel fluorescent GHSR ligand based on the N-terminal LEAP2 sequence, hereafter named F-LEAP2. In vitro, F-LEAP2 displayed binding affinity and inverse agonism to GHSR similar to LEAP2. In a heterologous expression system, F-LEAP2 labeling was specifically observed in the surface of GHSR-expressing cells, in contrast to fluorescent ghrelin labeling that was mainly observed inside the GHSR-expressing cells. In mice, centrally-injected F-LEAP2 reduced ghrelin-induced food intake, in a similar fashion to LEAP2, and specifically labeled cells in GHSR-expressing brain areas. Thus, F-LEAP2 represents a valuable tool to study the biology of GHSR in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacky Marie
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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145
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Wortmann L, Lindenthal B, Muhn P, Walter A, Nubbemeyer R, Heldmann D, Sobek L, Morandi F, Schrey AK, Moosmayer D, Günther J, Kuhnke J, Koppitz M, Lücking U, Röhn U, Schäfer M, Nowak-Reppel K, Kühne R, Weinmann H, Langer G. Discovery of BAY-298 and BAY-899: Tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-Based, Potent, and Selective Antagonists of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Which Reduce Sex Hormone Levels in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10321-10341. [PMID: 31670515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human luteinizing hormone receptor (hLH-R) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), activated by luteinizing hormone (hLH) and essentially involved in the regulation of sex hormone production. Thus, hLH-R represents a valid target for the treatment of sex hormone-dependent cancers and diseases (polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, endometriosis) as well as contraception. Screening of the Bayer compound library led to the discovery of tetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives as novel, small-molecule (SMOL) hLH-R inhibitors and to the development of BAY-298, the first nanomolar hLH-R antagonist reducing sex hormone levels in vivo. Further optimization of physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and safety parameters led to the identification of BAY-899 with an improved in vitro profile and proven efficacy in vivo. BAY-298 and BAY-899 serve as valuable tool compounds to study hLH-R signaling in vitro and to interfere with the production of sex hormones in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wortmann
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Peter Muhn
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander Walter
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Dieter Heldmann
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lothar Sobek
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Federica Morandi
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle Strasse 10 , Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anna K Schrey
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle Strasse 10 , Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dieter Moosmayer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Judith Günther
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhnke
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Marcus Koppitz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ulrike Röhn
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martina Schäfer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Ronald Kühne
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle Strasse 10 , Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Hilmar Weinmann
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gernot Langer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , 13353 Berlin , Germany
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146
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Kutil Z, Mikešová J, Zessin M, Meleshin M, Nováková Z, Alquicer G, Kozikowski A, Sippl W, Bařinka C, Schutkowski M. Continuous Activity Assay for HDAC11 Enabling Reevaluation of HDAC Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19895-19904. [PMID: 31788622 PMCID: PMC6882135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) preferentially removes fatty acid residues from lysine side chains in a peptide or protein environment. Here, we report the development and validation of a continuous fluorescence-based activity assay using an internally quenched TNFα-derived peptide derivative as a substrate. The threonine residue in the +1 position was replaced by the quencher amino acid 3'-nitro-l-tyrosine and the fatty acyl moiety substituted by 2-aminobenzoylated 11-aminoundecanoic acid. The resulting peptide substrate enables fluorescence-based direct and continuous readout of HDAC11-mediated amide bond cleavage fully compatible with high-throughput screening formats. The Z'-factor is higher than 0.85 for the 15 μM substrate concentration, and the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 150 for 384-well plates. In the absence of NAD+, this substrate is specific for HDAC11. Reevaluation of inhibitory data using our novel assay revealed limited potency and selectivity of known HDAC inhibitors, including Elevenostat, a putative HDAC11-specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Kutil
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mikešová
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Matthes Zessin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department
of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles
Tanford Protein Centre, Martin Luther University
Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße
3a, 06120 Halle
(Saale), Germany
| | - Zora Nováková
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Glenda Alquicer
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alan Kozikowski
- StarWise
Therapeutics LLC, 505
S Rosa Road, Suite 27, Madison, Wisconsin 53719-1235, United States
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- E-mail: . Tel.: +420-325-873-777 (C.B.)
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department
of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles
Tanford Protein Centre, Martin Luther University
Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße
3a, 06120 Halle
(Saale), Germany
- E-mail: . Tel.: +49-345-5524-828 (M.S.)
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147
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Su S, Clarke A, Han Y, Chao HJ, Bostwick J, Schumacher W, Wang T, Yan M, Hsu MY, Simmons E, Luk C, Xu C, Dabros M, Galella M, Onorato J, Gordon D, Wexler R, Gargalovic PS, Lawrence RM. Biphenyl Acid Derivatives as APJ Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10456-10465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Su
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Adam Clarke
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Ying Han
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Hannguang J. Chao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bostwick
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William Schumacher
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Mujing Yan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Mei-Yin Hsu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Eric Simmons
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Chiuwa Luk
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Carrie Xu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Marta Dabros
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Michael Galella
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Joelle Onorato
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - David Gordon
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Ruth Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Peter S. Gargalovic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - R. Michael Lawrence
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
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148
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Zessin M, Kutil Z, Meleshin M, Nováková Z, Ghazy E, Kalbas D, Marek M, Romier C, Sippl W, Bařinka C, Schutkowski M. One-Atom Substitution Enables Direct and Continuous Monitoring of Histone Deacylase Activity. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4777-4789. [PMID: 31682411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a one-step direct assay for the determination of histone deacylase (HDAC) activity by substituting the carbonyl oxygen of the acyl moiety with sulfur, resulting in thioacylated lysine side chains. This modification is recognized by class I HDACs with different efficiencies ranging from not accepted for HDAC1 to kinetic constants similar to that of the parent oxo substrate for HDAC8. Class II HDACs can hydrolyze thioacylated substrates with approximately 5-10-fold reduced kcat values, which resembles the effect of thioamide substitution in metallo-protease substrates. Class IV HDAC11 accepts thiomyristoyl modification less efficiently with an ∼5-fold reduced specificity constant. On the basis of the unique spectroscopic properties of thioamide bonds (strong absorption in spectral range of 260-280 nm and efficient fluorescence quenching), HDAC-mediated cleavage of thioamides could be followed by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy in a continuous manner. The HDAC activity assay is compatible with microtiter plate-based screening formats up to 1536-well plates with Z' factors of >0.75 and signal-to-noise ratios of >50. Using thioacylated lysine residues in p53-derived peptides, we optimized substrates for HDAC8 with a catalytic efficiency of >250000 M-1 s-1, which are more than 100-fold more effective than most of the known substrates. We determined inhibition constants of several inhibitors for human HDACs using thioacylated peptidic substrates and found good correlation with the values from the literature. On the other hand, we could introduce N-methylated, N-acylated lysine residues as inhibitors for HDACs with an IC50 value of 1 μM for an N-methylated, N-myristoylated peptide derivative and human HDAC11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthes Zessin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Zsófia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles-Tanford-Protein Center , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Zora Nováková
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Ehab Ghazy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Diana Kalbas
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles-Tanford-Protein Center , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Martin Marek
- Departement de Biologie Structurale Integrative, Institut de Genetique et Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) , Universite de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142 , 67404 Illkirch Cedex IGBMC, France
| | - Christophe Romier
- Departement de Biologie Structurale Integrative, Institut de Genetique et Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) , Universite de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142 , 67404 Illkirch Cedex IGBMC, France
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles-Tanford-Protein Center , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
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149
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Ramos DM, d’Ydewalle C, Gabbeta V, Dakka A, Klein SK, Norris DA, Matson J, Taylor SJ, Zaworski PG, Prior TW, Snyder PJ, Valdivia D, Hatem CL, Waters I, Gupte N, Swoboda KJ, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Naryshkin N, Paushkin S, Crawford TO, Sumner CJ. Age-dependent SMN expression in disease-relevant tissue and implications for SMA treatment. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4817-4831. [PMID: 31589162 PMCID: PMC6819103 DOI: 10.1172/jci124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by deficient expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. New SMN-enhancing therapeutics are associated with variable clinical benefits. Limited knowledge of baseline and drug-induced SMN levels in disease-relevant tissues hinders efforts to optimize these treatments.METHODSSMN mRNA and protein levels were quantified in human tissues isolated during expedited autopsies.RESULTSSMN protein expression varied broadly among prenatal control spinal cord samples, but was restricted at relatively low levels in controls and SMA patients after 3 months of life. A 2.3-fold perinatal decrease in median SMN protein levels was not paralleled by comparable changes in SMN mRNA. In tissues isolated from nusinersen-treated SMA patients, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) concentration and full-length (exon 7 including) SMN2 (SMN2-FL) mRNA level increases were highest in lumbar and thoracic spinal cord. An increased number of cells showed SMN immunolabeling in spinal cord of treated patients, but was not associated with an increase in whole-tissue SMN protein levels.CONCLUSIONSA normally occurring perinatal decrease in whole-tissue SMN protein levels supports efforts to initiate SMN-inducing therapies as soon after birth as possible. Limited ASO distribution to rostral spinal and brain regions in some patients likely limits clinical response of motor units in these regions for those patients. These results have important implications for optimizing treatment of SMA patients and warrant further investigations to enhance bioavailability of intrathecally administered ASOs.FUNDINGSMA Foundation, SMART, NIH (R01-NS096770, R01-NS062869), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, and PTC Therapeutics. Biogen provided support for absolute real-time RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin d’Ydewalle
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amal Dakka
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - John Matson
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas W. Prior
- Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pamela J. Snyder
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Valdivia
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L. Hatem
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Waters
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas O. Crawford
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Department of Neuroscience and
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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150
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Eskonen V, Tong-Ochoa N, Valtonen S, Kopra K, Härmä H. Thermal Dissociation Assay for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection of Protein Post-Translational Modifications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16501-16507. [PMID: 31616828 PMCID: PMC6787904 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins provide an important mechanism for cell signal transduction control. Impaired PTM control is a key feature in multiple different disease states, and thus the enzyme-controlling PTMs have drawn attention as highly promising drug targets. Due to the importance of PTMs, various methods to monitor PTM enzyme activity have been developed, but universal high-throughput screening (HTS), a compatible method for different PTMs, remains elusive. Here, we present a homogeneous single-label thermal dissociation assay for the detection of enzymatic PTM removal. The developed method allows the use of micromolar concentration of substrate peptide, which is expected to be beneficial when monitoring enzymes with low activity and peptide binding affinity. We prove the thermal dissociation concept functionality using peptides for dephosphorylation, deacetylation, and demethylation and demonstrate the HTS-compatible flash isothermal method for PTM enzyme activity monitoring. Using specific inhibitors, we detected literature-comparable IC50 values and Z' factors from 0.61 to 0.72, proving the HTS compatibility of the thermal peptide-break technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Eskonen
- Materials Chemistry and Chemical
Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Natalia Tong-Ochoa
- Materials Chemistry and Chemical
Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Salla Valtonen
- Materials Chemistry and Chemical
Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kopra
- Materials Chemistry and Chemical
Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Härmä
- Materials Chemistry and Chemical
Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University
of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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