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Sarıözkan S, Küçükoflaz M. Estimating the production losses due to cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:203-208. [PMID: 34651281 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed at estimating the direct (condemned offal) and indirect (meat, milk, and fecundity losses) production losses due to cystic echinococcosis (CE) in water buffaloes in Turkey. A spreadsheet loss model was constructed, and the mean prevalence ratio of CE was accepted as 3.8% in male and 21.7% in female buffaloes. The annual financial losses were estimated with official and previously published data under expected (mean value), optimistic (lowered by 10%), and pessimistic (increased by 10%) scenarios with the prices current in 2021. The production losses in an infected male and female water buffalo were estimated at $54.5 ($49.1-59.9) and $89.9 ($80.9-98.9), respectively. Due to CE, the nationwide annual total production losses were estimated at $1.5 million ($1.3-1.6) for water buffaloes in Turkey. In conclusion, farmers, policymakers, and the public need to be informed about CE's risks and financial impact. Control/eradication programs should be included in government policies at the national level after a cost/benefit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savaş Sarıözkan
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Küçükoflaz
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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102
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Othman RA, Abuseir S. The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Dogs in Palestine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:435-442. [PMID: 34630589 PMCID: PMC8476720 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Dogs play an important role in transmission of parasites and zoonotic diseases, especially in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in stray and pet dogs in Palestine. Methods: Fecal samples were collected during the period between Jan to May 2019. A total of 150 fecal samples were collected and tested for parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The targeted dogs were both pet dogs and stray dogs and were grouped according to gender and age. Results: Although there was no significant difference in infestation between males and females, the prevalence rate of infestation in males was 63.1% compared to females 72.4%. Dogs of ages under one year had similar rate of infestation compared to older dogs with a rate of 67.3% and 67.4% respectively. Infestations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs 81.4% compared to pet dogs 48.4%. The highest infestation rate was with Toxocara canis 46.0% followed by Dipylidium caninum 23.0%, Echinococcus spp. 14.0% ,Isosopora canis 9.0%, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0%, Giarda spp. 5.0%, Strongyloides spp. 4.0%, Trichuris vulpis 3.0%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.0%. Conclusion: Local dogs in Palestine, especially stray dogs, are infested with different types of intestinal parasites that may cause many common and non-common diseases to humans. To prevent the spread of these parasites, future public health should be proposed and applied by authorities to achieve a healthy status of the residents in the country. Health awareness spread among people about the seriousness of the diseases transmitted by dogs must also be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rateb A Othman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sameh Abuseir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Bakal U, Celik F, Simsek S, Kesik HK, Gunyakti Kilinc S. Genetic diversity and haplotypes of paediatric hydatid cyst isolates and first occurrence of E. canadensis (G6/G7) in paediatric cases in Turkey. Parasitology 2021; 148:1482-1489. [PMID: 34187611 PMCID: PMC11010141 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic tropical disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of hydatid cyst isolates obtained from surgically confirmed paediatric cases originating from two different regions in eastern Turkey. Seventeen paediatric cases aged between 6 and 16 were operated by open surgery, and the germinal layers of their cysts were obtained for further molecular analyses. After genomic DNA isolation, 875 bp mt-CO1 gene fragments were amplified in all samples by PCR. Then, the unidirectional sequence analyses of the PCR products were carried out. According to the BLAST analyses of 17 sequences, 16 of these sequences were matched with E. granulosus sensu stricto, while one sequence was identified as E. canadensis (G6/G7) for the first time in paediatric cases in Turkey. High haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity were observed in the E. granulosus s.s. sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unal Bakal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bingol, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bingol, Bingol, Turkey
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104
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Basinger SC, Khan A, Ahmed H, Afzal MS, Simsek S, Budke CM. Estimation of the monetary burden of treated human cystic echinococcosis in Pakistan. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106026. [PMID: 34186020 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato tapeworms, continues to be a public health problem in many endemic countries, including Pakistan. Patient level data, including age, sex, and cyst(s) location for surgically managed CE patients for the years 2013-2016 from hospitals located in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces were obtained from medical charts. Direct and indirect costs associated with surgically managed CE patients treated in private and public hospitals were then estimated and applied to country-level case numbers estimated through the Global Burden of Disease Study. A total cost of US$4,068,666 (95% CI: US$3,097,684 - US$5,295,702) was estimated for the year 2017, with US$3,951,853 (95% CI: US$2,981,400 - US$5,177,610) attributable to direct diagnosis and treatment-related costs and US$117,137 (95% CI: US$91,841 - US$146, 979) attributable to wage losses during the treatment period. Mean direct cost per patient (US$1,056) was approximately 72% of the country's per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Surgical management continues to be the treatment of choice for CE patients in Pakistan. If physicians were to adhere to World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) cyst stage-specific treatment guidelines, it is likely that the number of surgical interventions would decrease as would treatment costs.
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105
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Xian J, Wang N, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Meng J, Ma X, Guo X, Wang Z, Bo X. Molecular characterization and immune protection of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene in Echinococcus granulosus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:489. [PMID: 34556147 PMCID: PMC8460197 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The development of an effective vaccine is one of the most promising strategies for controlling CE. METHODS The E. granulosus 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EgHCDH) gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The distribution of EgHCDH in protoscoleces (PSCs) and adult worms was analyzed using immunofluorescence. The transcript levels of EgHCDH in PSCs and adult worms were analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The immune protective effects of the rEgHCDH were evaluated. RESULTS The 924-bp open reading frame sequence of EgHCDH, which encodes a protein of approximately 34 kDa, was obtained. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that EgHCDH was expressed in both the PSCs and adult worms of E. granulosus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that EgHCDH was mainly localized in the tegument of PSCs and adult worms. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by E. granulosus-infected dog sera. Animal challenge experiments demonstrated that dogs immunized with recombinant (r)EgHCDH had significantly higher serum IgG, interferon gamma and interleukin-4 concentrations than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. The rEgHCDH vaccine was able to significantly reduce the number of E. granulosus and inhibit the segmental development of E. granulosus compared to the PBS control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that rEgHCDH can induce partial immune protection against infection with E. granulosus and could be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
| | - Jimeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
| | - Xun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, 730046 China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
| | - Xinwen Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, 832000 Shihezi, China
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106
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Abouhosseini Tabari M, Kashani Rad M, Youssefi MR, Maggi F, Cespi M, Pavoni L, Bonacucina G. Development and characterization of monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel scolicidal agents. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:606-613. [PMID: 34549508 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The primary treatment is surgery and chemical sterilization of the parasitic layers by injection of a scolicidal agent. Available scolicidals possess side effects, and may cause postoperative complications. Several studies reported the scolicidal properties of monoterpene phenols and alcohols such as carvacrol, thymol, and geraniol. The present study aimed to develop, characterize, and assess monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel green scolicidals products. For this purpose, microemulsions composing 0.37%, 0.75%, and 1.5% of monoterpenoid(s), thymol, carvacrol, and geraniol, alone or in binary or ternary mixtures were formulated. Samples were analyzed by visual inspection, polarizing optical microscope, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of the samples was evaluated up to a 3-month storage. For the scolicidal bioassay, samples at different concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, and 10 μg/ml were added to wells containing 104 viable protoscoleces and mortality rates were recorded at 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after exposure. Results of the present study showed that microemulsions formulated with 0.75% of pure carvacrol or the binary mixture of thymol and carvacrol at 0.375% are promising scolicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Kashani Rad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lucia Pavoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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107
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Cassini R, Canali M, Tamarozzi F, Angheben A, Capelli G, Gobbi F, Legnardi M, Brichese M, Napoletano G, Cestaro F, Casulli A, Drigo M, Aragrande M. A One-Health evaluation of the burden of cystic echinococcosis and its prevention costs: Case study from a hypo-endemic area in Italy. One Health 2021; 13:100320. [PMID: 34504939 PMCID: PMC8413884 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated model, based on a One Health approach, was implemented to estimate the epidemiological and economic outcomes of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Veneto region, an hypo-endemic area of Northern Italy, and the costs for its prevention. Data and information needed to populate the model were retrieved from published literature, official statistics, expert opinions, or actively searched through data mining (i.e., Hospital and slaughterhouse data), when fundamental data were not available. Human-health and animal-health costs, both public and private, were considered. The overall impact of CE in the study area was estimated in an yearly cost of about 0.5 million €, due to an average of 19.5 human hospitalized cases and about 200 infected animals among cattle and sheep, per year. The human:animal costs ratio was about 8:1. Most of the infected animals were autochthonous, while the identification of an autochthonous source of the infection for the human cases was extremely difficult, and unlikely in most cases. No specific action resulted to be in place for human surveillance, while veterinary surveillance accounted for a yearly cost of about 22,000 €. Sheepherders were found to pay privately an overall amount of around 2000 € for the preventive treatment of their dogs every year, but the applied protocol proved to be sub-optimal. The source of most of the human cases was likely external to the study area, and their economic impact accounts for a cost that is far exceeding that of surveillance and preventive actions in place in the veterinary sector. Although autochthonous human cases appeared to be very rare, the strengthening of preventive actions and surveillance systems can reduce the risk of their increment. The study integrated epidemiology and economic aspects in a One Health perspective. The research estimates in detail the overall impact of CE in a hypo-endemic region in Italy. The study provided data for evidence-based actions to control CE in the study area. The investigated case study represents a reproducible model for zoonotic diseases evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Cassini
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Massimo Canali
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Andrea Angheben
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbi
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Michele Brichese
- Veneto Region, Prevention and Public Health, Dorsoduro 3493, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Cestaro
- Azienda ULSS 9 Scaligera (Local Health Unit), Prevention Department, Via Valverde 42, 37122 Verona, Italy
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.,European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aragrande
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Taghipour A, Ghaffarifar F, Horton J, Dalimi A, Sharifi Z. Silybum marianum ethanolic extract: in vitro effects on protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus G1 strain with emphasis on other Iranian medicinal plants. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:71. [PMID: 34496975 PMCID: PMC8424884 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) larvae in liver and lungs of both humans and animals. Surgical intervention is the mainstay for CE treatment, using scolicidal agents that inactivate live protoscolices. This study evaluated the scolicidal effects of Silybum marianum ethanolic extract and its combination with albendazole in vitro for the first time. Moreover, in a literature review, we investigated the effects of a wide range of Iranian medicinal plants on protoscolices of E. granulosus. METHODS S. marianum ethanolic extract was prepared and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to establish the proportions of its component compounds in the extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in mouse macrophage cells (J774A.1 cell line) using MTT method. Next, the scolicidal activity of the extract alone and combined with albendazole was tested as triplicate at various concentrations incubated for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Finally, protoscolex viability was determined using 0.1% eosin as a vital stain. PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques were used to characterize the genotype of E. granulosus. RESULTS HPLC analysis showed that S. marianum ethanolic extract contained mostly silydianin (14.41%), isosilybin A (10.50%), and silychristin (10.46%). The greatest scolicidal effects were obtained with the combination of S. marianum with albendazole (79%), S. marianum ethanolic extract alone (77%) and albendazole (69%), at a concentration of 500 μg/ml for 60 min, respectively (P < 0.05). Molecular analysis showed that all the cysts used were G1 genotype. CONCLUSION The data suggest that S. marianum ethanolic extract is a potential scolicide in vitro; however, further investigations are required to determine its efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Arbildi P, La-Rocca S, Kun A, Lorenzatto KR, Monteiro KM, Zaha A, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Ferreira HB, Fernández V. Expression and distribution of glutathione transferases in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105991. [PMID: 34089697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.
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Accuracy of an experimental whole-blood test for detecting reactivation of echinococcal cysts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009648. [PMID: 34415898 PMCID: PMC8378729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a complex disease for which clear understanding of clinical manifestations is needed to avoid misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and severe complications. We evaluated the accuracy of a whole-blood stimulation test based on Interleukin (IL)-4 detection in response to Antigen B (AgB) of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato to discriminate cyst viability and detect cyst reactivation in patients with hepatic CE. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Thirty patients with CE3b cysts and 37 patients with spontaneously-inactivated CE4-CE5 cysts were recruited (T0). After enrollment, 5 patients with CE3b cysts received albendazole, resulting in cyst solidification (CE4) in 4/5. Within a two-year follow-up, the whole-blood test was repeated at two time-points, in ≥14 (T1) and in ≥4 (T2) patients per group. IL-4 and a panel of other soluble factors were measured in the stimulated plasma. Baseline IL-4 levels were significantly higher in patients with CE3b compared to those with CE4 cysts (p = 0.006). Test accuracy for CE3b diagnosis had a sensitivity of 33-60% and a specificity of 76-95%, depending on the cut-off applied. Overall, IL-4 levels did not change significantly over time in either group; however, patients within the CE3b group showed a significant decrease of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, FGF at T1 compared to T0 (p≤0.042). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Whole-blood IL-4-response to AgB is significantly higher in patients with active compared to inactive CE but apparently not modulated over time after treatment. On the contrary, the levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, FGF significantly decreased in active CE during follow-up. Additional studies are needed to understand whether these findings might have a clinical significance for patients' follow-up.
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111
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Faridi A, Mansouri M, Macchiaroli N, Afgar A, Mousavi SM, Rosenzvit MC, Harandi MF. MicroRNA profile of the strobilated worms of Echinococcus granulosus derived from in vivo and in vitro systems by using high-throughput approach. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3203-3214. [PMID: 34351489 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are critical gene regulators at the post-transcriptional level and play essential roles in numerous developmental processes in metazoan parasites including the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus. The molecular basis of different patterns of E. granulosus development in the canine definitive host and in in vitro culture systems is poorly understood. In the present study, miRNA transcriptomes of the strobilated worms derived from experimental infection in the definitive host were compared with those from diphasic culture system after 60-day protoscoleces cultivation. Total RNA was extracted from in vivo- and in vitro-derived strobilated worms. Small RNA libraries were constructed, and deep sequencing was performed. Subsequently, differential miRNA expressions and target predictions were obtained, and pathway analysis was performed by gene ontology and KEGG. Seven miRNAs were differentially expressed between the in vivo- and in vitro-derived worms. In addition, we reported 13 novel miRNA candidates and 42 conserved miRNAs. Four out of five top miRNAs with the highest read counts were shared between the in vivo and in vitro-derived worms, i.e., egr-miR-10a-5p, egr-let-7-5p, egr-bantam-3p, and egr-miR-71-5p. Target prediction of the differential miRNAs between the two systems showed significant differences in the membrane-enclosed lumen, membrane part, and an intrinsic component of the membrane. Findings of KEGG analysis indicated that differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in hippo, MAPK, and WNT signaling pathways. The study demonstrated a significant difference in miRNA transcriptomes and related signaling pathways between the two systems, suggesting the importance of host-parasite interplay in the fate of protoscoleces development in in vivo and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Faridi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mansouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Natalia Macchiaroli
- Laboratorio Biología Molecular de Hidatidosis, Instituto de Microbiología Y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Genómica Y Bioinformática de Patógenos, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología Y Biología Molecular Y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mara C Rosenzvit
- Laboratorio Biología Molecular de Hidatidosis, Instituto de Microbiología Y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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112
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Vola A, Mariconti M, Lissandrin R, Cuzzocrea F, Bortolotto C, Sammarchi L, Vercelli A, Rinaldi P, Maestri M, Manciulli T, Brunetti E. Prospective collection of clinical data on cystic echinococcosis: experience with the European Registry of Cystic Echinococcosis in Pavia, Italy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 116:157-162. [PMID: 34323274 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected infection that may cause serious disease in humans. Given its peculiar epidemiologic and clinical features, collection of clinical data is challenging. Notification systems, when available, fail to record important clinical features, available data are mostly retrospectively collected and no prospectively enrolled uniform surveillance systems exist. The European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis database (ERCE) is the first systematic attempt to address these issues. METHODS Here, we describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of 436 patients who accessed the CE clinic at the University of Pavia-San Matteo Hospital Foundation, in Pavia, Italy, from March 2012 to February 2020. RESULTS Overall, 436 patients, consisting of 204 (46.8%) males and 232 (53.2%) females were enrolled; the mean age at enrollment was 50 (range 4-88) y. Of the 436 patients, 248 (56.9%) were born in Italy while 188 (43.1%) were foreign-born. In total, 638 CE cysts were counted, most of them in the CE4 (230; 36.1%) and CE3b (131; 20.5%) stages. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest cohort of CE patients with detailed clinical and demographic data published to date. We strongly encourage colleagues caring for CE patients in the European Union to join the ERCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Vola
- Unit of Molecular Virology, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lissandrin
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Brambilla 74, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cuzzocrea
- Unit of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Unit of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Sammarchi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Radiology, Istituto di Cura, Città di Pavia, Via Parco Vecchio, 27, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Rinaldi
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- Unit of General Surgery, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manciulli
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Brambilla 74, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Brambilla 74, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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113
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Gao Y, Wang W, Lyu C, Wei XY, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Ran ZG, Xia YQ. Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Echinococcus in Sheep in China From 1983 to 2020. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:711332. [PMID: 34381740 PMCID: PMC8350519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.711332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of cestode species that belong to the genus Echinococcus. The infection of hydatid in sheep is very common in China, especially in the northwestern China. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of echinococcosis in sheep in China. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Baidu Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese Journal Database) were used to retrieve the literatures on echinococcosis in sheep in China from 1983 to 2020, and 74 studies. The random effects model was used in the “meta” package of the R software and the PFT was chosen for rate conversion. The research data were analyzed through subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression analysis to reveal the factors that lead to research heterogeneity. The combined prevalence of Echinococcus in the selected period was estimated to be 30.9% (192,094/826,406). In the analysis of sampling year, the lowest positive rate was 13.9% (10,296/177,318) after 2011. The highest prevalence of Echinococcus was 51.1% (278/531) in the southwestern China. The highest infection rate in sheep was 20.1% (58,344/597,815) in the liver. The analysis based on age showed that the infection rate of elderly sheep was significantly higher than that in younger animals (P < 0.05). We also evaluated the effects of different geographic and climatic factors on the prevalence of Echinococcus in sheep. The results showed that the prevalence of Echinococcus was higher in high altitude, cold, humid, and high rainfall areas. It is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring and control of echinococcosis, cut off the infection route, and reduce the risk of infection in the high risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Research and Development Department, Chongqing Auleon Biological Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- Animal Health Center, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China.,Animal Health Center, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ran
- Research and Development Department, Chongqing Auleon Biological Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - You-Qing Xia
- The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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114
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Mönnink GLE, Stijnis C, van Delden OM, Spijker R, Grobusch MP. Percutaneous Versus Surgical Interventions for Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1689-1696. [PMID: 34272589 PMCID: PMC8550455 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the current literature on invasive treatment options of cystic hepatic echinococcosis (CE), comparing percutaneous radiological interventions to surgery, still the cornerstone of treatment in many countries. Methods A literature search was conducted in Medline and EMBASE databases (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019126150). The primary outcome was recurrence of cysts after treatment. Secondary outcomes were complications, duration of hospitalisation, mortality and treatment conversion. Results The number of eligible prospective studies, in particular RCTs, was limited. In the four included studies, only conventional surgery is compared directly to percutaneous techniques. From the available data, in terms of recurrence, percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts is non-inferior to open surgery. With regard to complications and length of hospital stay, outcomes favour percutaneous therapy. Conclusion Although evidence from prospective research is small, percutaneous treatment in CE is an effective, safe and less invasive alternative to surgery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00270-021-02911-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L E Mönnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Stijnis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - O M van Delden
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Spijker
- Medical Library, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Grobusch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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115
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Yu Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang T, Qi W, Zheng X, Duan L, Chen J, Li S, Han X, Zhang W, Duan L. Transcriptome analysis uncovers the key pathways and candidate genes related to the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces with the repurposed drug pyronaridine. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:534. [PMID: 34256697 PMCID: PMC8276484 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening zoonosis caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Our previous study showed that an approved drug pyronaridine (PND) is highly effective against CE, both in vitro and in an animal model. To identify possible target genes, transcriptome analysis was performed with E. granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces treated with PND. Results A total of 1,321 genes were differentially expressed in protoscoleces treated with PND, including 541 upregulated and 780 downregulated genes. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses revealed that the spliceosome, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were the top three enriched pathways. Western blot analysis showed that PND treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in protein expression levels of EgMKK1 (MKK3/6-like) and EgMKK2 (MEK1/2-like), two members of MAPK cascades. Interestingly, several heat shock protein (HSP) genes were greatly downregulated including stress-inducible HSPs and their constitutive cognates, and some of them belong to Echinococcus-specific expansion of HSP70. Conclusions PND has a great impact on the spliceosome, MAPK pathway and ABC transporters, which may underline the mechanisms by which PND kills E. granulosus protoscoleces. In addition, PND downregulates HSPs expression, suggesting a close relationship between the drug and HSPs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07875-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Han
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 810007, Xining, China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, China.
| | - Liping Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 200025, Shanghai, China. .,Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 810007, Xining, China.
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116
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Fu MH, Wang X, Han S, Guan YY, Bergquist R, Wu WP. Advances in research on echinococcoses epidemiology in China. Acta Trop 2021; 219:105921. [PMID: 33878307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcoses are serious zoonotic diseases in China's vast, western and north-western pastoral areas that has one of the highest prevalence in the world. The two most common forms, cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), are co-epidemic in some areas causing a grave threat to people's health and economic development. Echinococcus spp. are transmitted through domestic, sylvatic and mixed cycles involving many kinds of host. Successful transmission requires a favourable environment for the growth of the parasites and survival of their eggs, while the unique customs and religious beliefs in the endemic areas pose a challenge to the prevention and control of these parasites. Based on previous epidemiological studies, this paper reviews the particular factors affecting the transmission of Echinococcus parasites in China, with a focus on biological (parasite genotype and the species, age, sex and density of hosts), environmental (landscape and climate) and social (age, gender, ethnicity, education, occupation, life style, cultural customs, living conditions and hygiene practices of humans in the endemic areas). These three factors interact with each other and jointly determine the parasites' transmission intensity, the study of which supports the formulation of the strategies and measures that are significant for control of these infections.
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117
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Yang SJ, Xiao N, Li JZ, Feng Y, Ma JY, Quzhen GS, Yu Q, Zhang T, Yi SC, Luo ZH, Pang HS, Li C, Shen ZL, Hou KS, Zhang BB, Zhou YB, Jiang HL, Zhou XN. Smart deworming collar: A novel tool for reducing Echinococcus infection in dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009443. [PMID: 34237061 PMCID: PMC8266112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted from canines to humans and livestock. Periodic deworming is recommended by the WHO/OIE as a highly effective measure against echinococcosis. However, manual deworming involves significant challenges, particularly in remote areas with scarce resources. The insufficient awareness delivering praziquantel (PZQ) baits for dogs leads to low compliance rate. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a novel smart collar for dogs to address these challenges. We developed a smart Internet of Things (IoT)-based deworming collar which can deliver PZQ baits for dogs automatically, regularly, quantitatively with predominant characteristics of being waterproof, anti-collision, cold-proof and long life battery. Its performance was tested in two remote locations on the Tibetan Plateau. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the compliance of the dog owners. Further, a randomized controlled study was performed to evaluate the difference between smart-collar deworming and manual deworming. The collar's effectiveness was further assessed on the basis of Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). The testing and evaluation was done for 10 smart deworming collars in factory laboratory, 18 collars attached for 18 dogs in Seni district, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and 523 collars attached for 523 dogs in Hezuo city, Gansu province, China. The anti-collision, waterproof, and coldproof proportion of the smart collars were 100.0%, 99.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. When compared to manual deworming, the dogs' risk of infection with Echinococcus on smart-collar deworming is down to 0.182 times (95% CI: 0.049, 0.684) in Seni district and 0.355 (95%CI: 0.178, 0.706) in Hezuo city, the smart collar has a significant protective effect. The owners' overall compliance rate to attach the smart collars for their dogs was 89%. The smart deworming collar could effectively reduce the dogs' risk of infection with Echinococcus in dogs, significantly increase the deworming frequency and coverage and rapidly remove worm biomass in dogs. Thus, it may be a promising alternative to manual deworming, particularly in remote areas on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Zhong Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ying Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Gong-Sang Quzhen
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, China
| | - Qing Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Yi
- Shanghai Yier Information Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Shanghai Yier Information Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Li Shen
- Hezuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hezuo city, Gansu province, China
| | - Ke-Sheng Hou
- Hezuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hezuo city, Gansu province, China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhang
- Hezuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hezuo city, Gansu province, China
| | - Yi-Biao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lin Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Peters L, Burkert S, Grüner B. Parasites of the liver - epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management in the European context. J Hepatol 2021; 75:202-218. [PMID: 33636243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parasites in the liver cause significant global morbidity and mortality, as they can lead to recurrent cholangitis, cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. Due to climate change and globalisation, their incidence is increasing, especially in Europe. The correct diagnosis of a hepatic parasite is often delayed because clinicians are unfamiliar with respective entities. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide clinicians with a comprehensive clinical picture of hepatic parasites and to bring these neglected parasitic liver diseases to the wider attention of hepatology stakeholders in Europe and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Peters
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sanne Burkert
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Miles S, Magnone J, García-Luna J, Ancarola ME, Cucher M, Dematteis S, Frischknecht F, Cyrklaff M, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Ultrastructural characterization of the tegument in protoscoleces of Echinococcus ortleppi. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:989-997. [PMID: 34216624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a globally distributed zoonosis caused by cestodes of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex, with Echinococcus ortleppi mainly involved in cattle infection. Protoscoleces show high developmental plasticity, being able to differentiate into either adult worms or metacestodes within definitive or intermediate hosts, respectively. Their outermost cellular layer is called the tegument, which is important in determining the infection outcome through its immunomodulating activities. Herein, we report an in-depth characterization of the tegument of E. ortleppi protoscoleces performed through a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Using electron tomography, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the tegumental cellular territories was obtained, revealing a novel structure termed the 'tegumental vesicular body' (TVB). Vesicle-like structures, possibly involved in endocytic/exocytic routes, were found within the TVB as well as in the parasite glycocalyx, distal cytoplasm and close inner structures. Furthermore, parasite antigens (GST-1 and AgB) were unevenly localised within tegumental structures, with both being detected in vesicles found within the TBV. Finally, the presence of host (bovine) IgG was also assessed, suggesting a possible endocytic route in protoscoleces. Our data forms the basis for a better understanding of E. ortleppi and E. granulosus s.l. structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Magnone
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín García-Luna
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Cucher
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sylvia Dematteis
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Friedrich Frischknecht
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marek Cyrklaff
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Mehmood N, Dessì G, Ahmed F, Joanny G, Tamponi C, Cappai MG, Varcasia A, Scala A. Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto among domestic ungulates of Sardinia, Italy. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2533-2542. [PMID: 34146127 PMCID: PMC8263412 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic zoonosis of public health and economic concern, is highly endemic in Sardinia, Italy. The study involved examining the intraspecific variability and demographic structure of Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto (s.s.) in common hosts of this parasite. Molecular surveillance included the fragment amplification of a partial mitochondrial gene, cox1 (750 bp), for a total of 69 isolates derived from sheep (n = 52), cattle (n = 11), pigs (n = 4), and goats (n = 2). It was ascertained that E. granulosus s.s. was the primary agent of infection among these ungulates and G1 genotype was highly prevalent (79.71%). Considerable intraspecific variation was found, revealing the existence of 22 haplotypes with relatively high haplotype (0.8555 ± 0.033) and low nucleotide diversities (0.00281 ± 0.00030). Population demographics indicated an expanding parasitic population signifying negative deviation from neutrality indices. Little genetic differentiation was found between the subpopulations of E. granulosus s.s. in the island. Moreover, the geographic dispersal of genotypes G1 and G3 also indicated similarity between Sardinian and mainland Echinococcus granulosus s.s. populations reaffirming the sympatric occurrence and efficient transmission of G1 and G3 genotypes. Molecular survey of CE has the potential to yield baseline information on the infective genotypes among the intermediate hosts and helps in devising suitable control strategies for curtailing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gaelle Joanny
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Shalayiadang P, Abulizi A, Ahan A, Jiang T, Ran B, Zhang R, Guo Q, Wen H, Shao Y, Aji T. Diagnosis and treatment modalities of hilar biliary duct stricture in hepatic cystic echinococcosis after endocystectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:51. [PMID: 34142953 PMCID: PMC8212812 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Hilar biliary duct stricture may occur in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients after endocystectomy. This study aimed to explore diagnosis and treatment modalities. Methods: Clinical data of 26 hepatic CE patients undergoing endocystectomy who developed postoperative hilar biliary duct stricture were retrospectively analyzed and were classified into three types: type A, type B, and type C. Postoperative complications and survival time were successfully followed up. Results: Imaging showed biliary duct stenosis, atrophy of ipsilateral hepatic lobe, reactive hyperplasia, hepatic hilum calcification, and dilation or discontinuity of intrahepatic biliary duct. All patients received partial hepatectomy to resect residual cyst cavity and atrophic liver tissue, and anastomosis of hepatic duct with jejunum or common bile duct exploration was applied to handle hilar biliary duct stricture. Twenty-five patients were successfully followed up. Among type A patients, one patient died of organ failure, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver abscess occurred in one patient. Moreover, calculus of intrahepatic duct was found in one type B and type C patient. Conclusion: Long-term biliary fistula, infection of residual cavity or obstructive jaundice in hepatic CE patients after endocystectomy are possible indicators of hilar bile duct stricture. Individualized and comprehensive treatment measures, especially effective treatment of residual cavity and biliary fistula, are optimal to avoid serious hilar bile duct stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paizula Shalayiadang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Abduaini Abulizi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ayifuhan Ahan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Bo Ran
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China - State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
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He W, Wang LY, Yu WJ, Zhang GJ, Zhong B, Liao S, Wang Q, Li RR, Yang L, Yao RX, Liu Y, Danba Z, Qin SC, Wang SA, Wang YX, Huang Y, Wang Q. Prevalence and spatial distribution patterns of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:82. [PMID: 34090538 PMCID: PMC8180058 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus larvae. This disease is highly endemic in Sichuan Province, China. This study investigates the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province, geared towards providing a future reference for the development of precise prevention and control strategies.
Methods Human prevalence of echinococcosis was evaluated using the B-ultrasonography diagnostic method in Sichuan Province between 2016 and 2019. All data were collected, collated, and analyzed. A spatial distribution map was drawn to intuitively analyze the spatial distribution features. Eventually, the spatial autocorrelation was specified and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) clustering map was drawn to investigate the spatial aggregation of echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province. Results The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans of Sichuan Province was 0.462%, among which the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 0.221%, while that of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) was 0.244%. Based on the results of the spatial distribution map, a predominance of echinococcosis in humans decreased gradually from west to east and from north to south. The Global Moran’s I index was 0.77 (Z = 32.07, P < 0.05), indicating that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was spatially clustered, exhibiting a significant spatial positive correlation. Further, the findings of local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the “high–high” concentration areas were primarily located in some townships in the northwest of Sichuan Province. However, the “low–low” concentration areas were predominantly located in some townships in the southeast of Sichuan Province.
Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans of Sichuan Province follows a downward trend, suggesting that the current prevention and control work has achieved substantial outcomes. Nevertheless, the prevalence in humans at the township level is widely distributed and differs significantly, with a clear clustering in space. Therefore, precise prevention and control strategies should be formulated for clusters, specifically strengthening the “high–high” clusters at the township level. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Doctorate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences for Health (CBS2), University of Montpellier, 34395, Montpellier, France
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jia Zhang
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Li
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xin Yao
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeli Danba
- Ganzi Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.139 Lucheng South Road, Ganzi Prefecture, 626000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chao Qin
- Aba Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.178 Meigu Street, Aba Prefecture, 624000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-An Wang
- Liangshan Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Section 2 of Hangtian Avenue, Liangshan Prefecture, 615000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Ya'an Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.9 Fangcao Road, Daxing New District, Ya'an City, 625000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Manciulli T, Enríquez-Laurente R, Tamarozzi F, Lissandrin R, Elizalde M, Sedano C, Bardales K, Vola A, De Silvestri A, Tinelli C, Brunetti E, Santivanez S, Mariconti M. Field Performance of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Serodiagnosis of Abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis in the Peruvian Highlands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:181-187. [PMID: 34029208 PMCID: PMC8274789 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of a commercial rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in a field setting for the diagnosis of abdominal cystic echinococcosis (CE) using sera collected during an ultrasound population screening in a highly endemic region of the Peruvian Andes. Abdominal CE was investigated by ultrasonography. Sera collected from individuals with abdominal CE (cases) and age- and gender-matched volunteers with no abdominal CE (controls) were tested independently in two laboratories (Peru and Italy) using the VIRapid® HYDATIDOSIS RDT and RIDASCREEN® Echinococcus IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Performance indexes of single and serially combined tests were calculated and applied to hypothetical screening and clinical scenarios. Test concordance was also evaluated. Prevalence of abdominal CE was 6.00% (33 of 546) by ultrasound. Serum was obtained from 33 cases and 81 controls. The VIRapid test showed similar sensitivity (76% versus 74%) and lower specificity (79% versus 96%) than results obtained in a hospital setting. RDTs showed better performance when excluding subjects reporting surgery for CE and if weak bands were considered negative. Concordance between tests was moderate to very good. In hypothetical screening scenarios, ultrasound alone or confirmed by RDTs provided more reliable prevalence figures than serology alone, which overestimated it by 5 to 20 times. In a simulation of case diagnosis with pre-test probability of CE of 50%, positive and negative post-test probabilities of the VIRapid test were 78% and 22%, respectively. The application of the VIRapid test alone would not be reliable for the assessment of population prevalence of CE, but could help clinical decision making in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Manciulli
- PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lissandrin
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maira Elizalde
- Instituto Peruano de Parasitologia Clinica y Experimental, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar Sedano
- Instituto Peruano de Parasitologia Clinica y Experimental, Lima, Peru
| | - Karina Bardales
- Instituto Peruano de Parasitologia Clinica y Experimental, Lima, Peru
| | - Ambra Vola
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saul Santivanez
- Instituto Peruano de Parasitologia Clinica y Experimental, Lima, Peru
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Saadi A, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Sahibi H, Filali H, Marcotty T, Thys S. Feasibility and acceptability of a new integrated approach to control cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: Vaccination of sheep and anthelmintic treatment of dogs. Prev Vet Med 2021; 192:105373. [PMID: 33971556 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis is a common parasitic disease worldwide, especially in poor and developing countries. In Morocco, CE is a major zoonosis, despite the implementation of a national control program since 2007. Therefore, in 2016, a field trial that associates the EG95 vaccine (lambs) and anthelmintic treatment (dogs) was started in the Mid Atlas, the most endemic region in Morocco, with preliminary positive results. Here, a qualitative approach was used to analyze the feasibility and social acceptability of this strategy. Fifteen focus group discussions were separately conducted with breeders and with their wives, and forty-two individual interviews were performed with private-sector veterinarians and officers from structures responsible for the CE control program. Recordings were transcribed and analyzed with the R software, using the RQDA package. This qualitative research was validated using the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability criteria. This study showed that the professionals' views on sheep vaccination and anthelmintic treatment were divided between acceptability and concerns. Conversely, breeders and their wives highlighted the issue of the costs of procedures the utility of which was not immediately clear to them. All participants proposed solutions to improve this strategy, and also stressed the lack of education on CE. By bringing together the views of the communities and the professionals, this study traced the main lines (targeting the different aspects of CE and taking into account the local socio-cultural beliefs) that must be taken into account to ensure the short- and long-term CE control in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouatif Saadi
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, Belgium; Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Parasitological Unit, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Hamid Sahibi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Parasitological Unit, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Filali
- National School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanguy Marcotty
- Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thys
- Department of Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Al-Saeedi M, Ramouz A, Khajeh E, El Rafidi A, Ghamarnejad O, Shafiei S, Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh S, Probst P, Stojkovic M, Weber TF, Hoffmann K, Mehrabi A. Endocystectomy as a conservative surgical treatment for hepatic cystic echinococcosis: A systematic review with single-arm meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009365. [PMID: 33979343 PMCID: PMC8143402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE), treatment effectiveness, outcomes, complications, and recurrence rate are controversial. Endocystectomy is a conservative surgical approach that adequately removes cyst contents without loss of parenchyma. This conservative procedure has been modified in several ways to prevent complications and to improve surgical outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative complications of endocysectomy for hepatic CE as well as the hepatic CE recurrence rate following endocystectomy. METHODS A systematic search was made for all studies reporting endocystectomy to manage hepatic CE in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) criteria and the Cochrane revised tool to assess risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB2). The random-effects model was used for meta-analysis and the arscine-transformed proportions were used to determine complication-, mortality-, and recurrence rates. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42020181732). RESULTS Of 3,930 retrieved articles, 54 studies reporting on 4,058 patients were included. Among studies reporting preoperative anthelmintic treatment (31 studies), albendazole was administered in all of them. Complications were reported in 19.4% (95% CI: 15.9-23.2; I2 = 84%; p-value <0.001) of the patients; biliary leakage (10.1%; 95% CI: 7.5-13.1; I2 = 81%; p-value <0.001) and wound infection (6.6%; 95% CI: 4.6-9; I2 = 27%; p-value = 0.17) were the most common complications. The post-endocystectomy mortality rate was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.8; I2 = 21%; p-value = 0.15) and the recurrence rate was 4.8% (95% CI: 3.1-6.8; I2 = 87%; p-value <0.001). Thirty-nine studies (88.7%) had a mean follow-up of more than one year after endocystectomy, and only 14 studies (31.8%) had a follow-up of more than five years. CONCLUSION Endocystectomy is a conservative and feasible surgical approach. Despite previous disencouraging experiences, our results suggest that endocystectomy is associated with low mortality and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Saeedi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ramouz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elias Khajeh
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmad El Rafidi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omid Ghamarnejad
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Shafiei
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Probst
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Stojkovic
- Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Frederik Weber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tamarozzi F, Silva R, Fittipaldo VA, Buonfrate D, Gottstein B, Siles-Lucas M. Serology for the diagnosis of human hepatic cystic echinococcosis and its relation with cyst staging: A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009370. [PMID: 33909640 PMCID: PMC8081258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is primarily based on imaging, while serology should be applied when imaging is inconclusive. CE cyst stage has been reported among the most important factors influencing the outcome of serodiagnosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relation between cyst stage of hepatic CE and diagnostic sensitivity of serological tests, to evaluate whether their relation is a consistent finding and provide guidance for the interpretation of results of serological tests. Methodology/Principal findings MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Lilacs databases were searched on December 1st 2019. Original studies published after 2003 (year of publication of the CE cyst classification), reporting sensitivity of serological tests applied to the diagnosis of human hepatic CE, as diagnosed and staged by imaging, were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data from 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivities and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using random effects meta-analysis. Overall, test sensitivity was highest in the presence of CE2 and CE3 (CE3a and/or CE3b), and lowest in the presence of CE5 and CE4 cysts. ELISA, ICT and WB showed the highest sensitivities, while IHA performed worst. Conclusions/Significance The results of our study confirm the presence of a clear and consistent relation between cyst stage and serological tests results. Limitations of evidence included the heterogeneity of the antigenic preparations used, which prevented to determine whether the relation between cyst stage and sensitivity was influenced by the type of antigenic preparation, the paucity of studies testing the same panel of sera with different assays, and the lack of studies assessing the performance of the same assay in both field and hospital-based settings. Our results indicate the absolute need to consider cyst staging when evaluating serological results of patients with hepatic CE. Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis induced by the development of parasitic cysts in intermediate hosts, including humans, mostly in the liver. The diagnosis of CE is based on imaging. As CE cysts may assume different aspects (stages), the range of differential diagnoses is broad, from harmless simple cysts to neoplasms. Serological assays for the detection of serum antibodies are applied when imaging is inconclusive, but their performance depend on a number of factors, among which cyst stage has been reported as important. If this was a robust finding, it would be absolutely required to interpret serological findings in the light of CE cyst staging. The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis of the relation between cyst stage of hepatic CE and diagnostic sensitivity of serological tests confirmed that such relation is clear and consistent, and indicate the absolute need to consider cyst staging when evaluating serology results of patients with hepatic CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronaldo Silva
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Vuruskan E, Ercil H, Anil H, Unal U, Ortoglu F, Karkin K, Ayhan L, Gurbuz ZG. Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Surgery in the Treatment of Renal Hydatid Cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021; 32:427-431. [PMID: 33844958 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the efficacy, safety, and long-term results of laparoscopic and open approaches in patients undergoing surgery for renal hydatid cyst. Materials and Methods: The files of 36 patients who were surgically treated in our clinic and with diagnosis of renal cyst hydatid confirmed pathologically were reviewed. According to the surgical technique applied, the patients were divided into two groups as open (group 1) or laparoscopic (group 2) partial pericystectomy. Oral albendazole was given 10 mg/kg/day (in two divided doses) for 4 weeks preoperatively and for three cycles of 4 weeks at 1-week intervals after surgery in all patients. Demographic characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings, operation times, hospitalization times, complications, intraoperative bleeding amounts, and recurrence rates were statistically compared in both groups. Results: Open partial pericystectomy was performed in 21 patients in group 1, and laparoscopic transperitoneal partial pericystectomy was performed in 15 patients in group 2. Operation time and intraoperative bleeding amount in group 1 and group 2 were 119.6 ± 17.1/116.1 ± 17.6 minutes and 125.7 ± 27.8/113.9 ± 19.2 mL, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between these values (P = .557, P = .167, respectively). Hospitalization duration of both groups was 5.9 ± 1.4/3.6 ± 0.7 days, respectively. Hospitalization duration in group 2 was statistically significantly shorter (P < .001). No recurrence occurred during postoperative follow-up in either group. Conclusions: In the treatment of renal hydatid cysts, laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive approach, can be technically applied with the same principles as open surgery and has a similar efficacy and safety profile for short- and long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediz Vuruskan
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ercil
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hakan Anil
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Umut Unal
- Department of Urology, Adana Seyhan State Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ortoglu
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kadir Karkin
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Lokman Ayhan
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gokhan Gurbuz
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Rong X, Fan M, Zhu H, Zheng Y. Dynamic modeling and optimal control of cystic echinococcosis. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:38. [PMID: 33762009 PMCID: PMC7992812 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis is one of the most severe helminth zoonosis with a drastic impact on human health and livestock industry. Investigating optimal control strategy and assessing the crucial factors are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this disease. METHODS Two compartment models were formulated to study the dynamics of cystic echinococcosis transmission, to evaluate the effectiveness of various control measures, and to find the optimal control strategy. Sensitive analyses were conducted by obtaining PRCCs and contour plot was used to evaluate the effect of key parameters on the basic reproduction number. Based on forward-backward sweep method, numerical simulations were employed to investigate effects of key factors on the transmission of cystic echinococcosis and to obtain the optimal control strategy. RESULTS The food resources of stray dog and invalid sheep vaccination rate, which are always neglected, were significant to the transmission and control of cystic echinococcosis. Numerical simulations suggest that, the implementation of optimal control strategy can significantly reduce the infections. Improving the cost of health education and domestic dog deworming could not decrease human infections. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that only a long-term use of the optimal control measures can eliminate the disease. Meanwhile, during the intervention, sheep vaccination and stray dogs disposing should be emphasized ahead of domestic dogs deworming to minimize the control cost. Simultaneously reducing other wild intermediate hosts and strengthening the sheep vaccination as well as disposing the stray dogs would be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Rong
- College of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Fan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- CDM, LAMPS and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Yaohui Zheng
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Xingan League, Tiexi North Road, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia, 137400, People's Republic of China
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Yan S, Wang D, Zhang J, Mo X, Feng Y, Duan L, Liu D, Li F, Dao Y, Zhang T, Hu W, Feng Z, Zheng B. Epidemiological survey of human echinococcosis in east Gansu, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6373. [PMID: 33737680 PMCID: PMC7973574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is endemic in pastoral regions of south, west and mid-Gansu province, China. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of echinococcosis in east Gansu, and analyze its associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 in 12 villages of Xiaonangou township, Huan County in east Gansu province by ultrasound abdominal scan and auxiliary serotest, and a prevalence surveillance study from 2008 to 2014 was performed in one villages by ultrasonography screening. Questionnaire information analysis indicates that the risk factors are in association with the gender, age, and education level. The cross-sectional survey found a cystic echinococcosis prevalence of 2.21% (107/4837). Higher prevalence was seen in females (χ2 = 4.198, P < 0.05), older ages (> 60 years) (χ2trend = 96.30, P < 0.05), and illiterates (χ2 = 90.101, P < 0.05). Prevalence surveillance showed changing profile of 3.35% in 2011 to 0.88% (1/113) in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Junrui Zhang
- The Endemic Disease Prevention Office in Huan County, Qingyang, 745700, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Liling Duan
- The Endemic Disease Prevention Office in Huan County, Qingyang, 745700, Gansu, China
| | - Deyu Liu
- The Endemic Disease Prevention Office in Huan County, Qingyang, 745700, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yongchun Dao
- The Endemic Disease Prevention Office in Huan County, Qingyang, 745700, Gansu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Anvari D, Pourmalek N, Rezaei S, Fotovati A, Hosseini SA, Daryani A, Spotin A, Sarvi S, Hosseini M, Narouei MR, Kalkali M, Pendar F, Gholami S. The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels ( Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers. Parasitology 2021; 148:259-273. [PMID: 32940199 PMCID: PMC11010127 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a potential zoonotic helminthic disease affecting a broad spectrum of mammals, including humans, worldwide. The current review was conducted to investigate the genotypic status and prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world. For the purpose of the study, the articles addressing the worldwide prevalence of hydatidosis in camels were searched in several English language databases. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 122 papers. Based on the data presented in the reviewed articles, the pooled prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world was measured at 23.75% (95% CI 20.15-27.55). Moreover, the subgroup analysis demonstrated significant differences in the overall prevalence of hydatidosis among camels based on year, geographic area, climate parameters, camel population, gender, infected organ, fertility rate of the cyst and laboratory diagnostic technique. Furthermore, the Echinococcus granulosus genotypes identified in camels with hydatidosis included G1, G2, G3, G1-G3, G5, G6, G7, G6-G7 and G6-G10, with G6 being the most common genotype throughout the world. The data obtained from the current study are central to the better conceptualization of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes around the world, which can be helpful in the planning and adoption of more comprehensive control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Nima Pourmalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Fotovati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kalkali
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Faezeh Pendar
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Borriello G, Guccione J, Di Loria A, Bosco A, Pepe P, Prisco F, Cringoli G, Paciello O, Rinaldi L, Ciaramella P. Fast Focus Ultrasound Liver Technique for the Assessment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020452. [PMID: 33572256 PMCID: PMC7914832 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The liver ultrasonography can be considered as the gold standard for the in vivo diagnosis detection of CE. Nevertheless, control programs against E. granulosus are considered long-term actions that require an integrated approach and the high expenditure of time and financial resources. This parasitosis still causes severe economic losses both in human healthcare and in the entire livestock breeding system, with loss in milk, meat, and wool production. Considering the impact of this zoonosis in the modern sheep’s breeding system, a reliable hepatic ultrasound could represent an innovative strategy to control and even eradicate the disease in sheep farms. Based on these considerations, the present study aimed to evaluate a fast-focused technique for hepatic CE detection in different sheep breeds and compare the performance of the latter with another fast-scan (previously evaluated in Sarda sheep breed), the complete ultrasound liver examination, and the anatomopathological examination. Abstract A complete ultrasound examination (cUS) of the liver was performed on 172 female sheep and compared to the performance of a fast-focused ultrasound technique to diagnose echinococcal cysts. The scanned area was divided in: HYP (right hypocondrium), zone (Z)1 from HYP to the 11th intercostal space (IS), Z2 (10th–8th IS) and Z3 (7th–5th IS). Contiguous scans were also examined (HYP + Z1, Z1 + Z2, Z2 + Z3). Furthermore, during the procedures, the sheep were divided into three groups according to the body weight: Group (G) 1 (lighter), G2 (medium), and G3 (heavier). Finally, diagnostic outcomes were compared with necropsy findings. cUS obtained the highest values of sensitivity (Se) (91%), Specificity (Sp) (80%), and positive-zones (124/138, 90%), as compared to the other scans. cUS was also characterized by high values of Se and Sp and was able to identify a great number of positive-zones, when sheep were divided by body-weight groups. Similar performances were obtained in G1 by HYP (Se: 91%–Sp: 82%; 18/20, 90% of positive-zones) and HYP + Z1 scans (Se: 91%–Sp: 82; 90% of positive-zones, 18/20). Thus, in lighter breeds, the examination of HYP and HYP + Z1 scan windows could be considered reliable techniques for identifying the infected animals, while in heavier sheep the cUS still represents the best option.
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132
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Xin Q, Yuan M, Lv W, Li H, Song X, Lu J, Jing T. Molecular characterization and serodiagnostic potential of Echinococcus granulosus hexokinase. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:105. [PMID: 33557934 PMCID: PMC7869421 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto), is a life-threatening but neglected zoonosis. Glycolytic enzymes are crucial molecules for the survival and development of E. granulosus. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization, immunogenicity, tissue distribution and serodiagnostic potential of E. granulosus hexokinase (EgHK), the first key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Methods EgHK was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Specific serum antibodies were evaluated in mice immunized with recombinant EgHK (rEgHK). The location of EgHK in the larval stage of E. granulosus was determined using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and the potential of rEgHK as a diagnostic antigen was investigated in patients with CE using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Recombinant EgHK could be identified in the sera of patients with CE and in mouse anti-rEgHK sera. High titers of specific immunoglobulin G were induced in mice after immunization with rEgHK. EgHK was mainly located in the tegument, suckers and hooklets of protoscoleces and in the germinal layer and laminated layer of the cyst wall. The sensitivity and specificity of the rEgHK-ELISA reached 91.3% (42/46) and 87.8% (43/49), respectively. Conclusions We have characterized the sequence, structure and location of EgHK and investigated the immunoreactivity, immunogenicity and serodiagnostic potential of rEgHK. Our results suggest that EgHK may be a promising candidate for the development of vaccines against E. granulosus and an effective antigen for the diagnosis of human CE.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xin
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lv
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanping Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jing
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Grimm J, Krickl J, Beck A, Nell J, Bergmann M, Tappe D, Grüner B, Barth TFE, Brehm K. Establishing and evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in human tissue. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009155. [PMID: 33630840 PMCID: PMC7906421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by metacestode larva of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. AE diagnostics currently rely on imaging techniques supported by serology, but unequivocal detection of AE is difficult. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to detect tapeworm DNA in biopsies have been suggested for several species, no validated protocol adhering to accepted guidelines has so far been presented for AE diagnostics. We herein established a PCR protocol for metacestode biopsies and technically evaluated the method using isolated parasite DNA and cells, biopsies of clinically relevant material, and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissue blocks. We compared the results with an immunochemical (IHC) approach using the monoclonal antibody Em2G11 specific for the antigen Em2 of E. mulitlocularis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Based on tapeworm 12S rDNA sequences we established and validated a PCR protocol for robust detection of as little as 50 parasite cells per specimen and report 127 cases of positive identification of Echinococcus species in samples from humans and animals. For further validation, we analyzed 45 liver, heart, brain, and soft tissue samples as well as cytological probes of aspirates of FFPE-material from 18 patients with clinically confirmed AE. Of each patient we analyzed (i) fully viable lesions with laminated layer; (ii) tissue with mAbEm2G11-positive small particles of E. multilocularis (spems); (iii) mAbEm2G11-negative tissue adjacent to the main lesion; and (iv) lymph node tissue with mAbEm2G11-positive spems. To identify the areas for the PCR-based approach, we performed IHC-staining with the monoclonal antibody Em2G11. Micro-dissected tissue of these areas was then used for PCR-analysis. 9 of 15 analyzed samples with viable E. multilocularis lesions with laminated layer were positive by PCR. Of this group, all samples preserved for less than 6 years (6/6) were tested positive. 11 of 15 samples of spems and 7 of 9 samples of the control group mAbEm2G11-negative tissue were negative by PCR. We further show that all probes from lymph nodes with spems are PCR negative. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present a sensitive PCR method for the detection of E. multilocularis in human tissue, particularly in fresh biopsy material and tissue blocks stored for less than 5 years. While the diagnostic sensitivity of material containing only spems was higher using IHC, PCR detection was possible in IHC negative liver tissue and in patients with negative serology. Our results support the view that spems do not contain parasitic DNA or viable cells of the parasite. spems thus most probably do not directly contribute to metastasis formation during AE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Krickl
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Annika Beck
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane Nell
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Bergmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Brehm
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Ma T, Jiang D, Quzhen G, Xue C, Han S, Wu W, Zheng C, Ding F. Factors influencing the spatial distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Tibet, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142229. [PMID: 33254864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a worldwide helminthozoonosis that is highly endemic in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and has important public health and economic impacts. However, the spatial epidemiological characteristics of CE in Tibet are still unclear. Based on recorded human CE cases and the use of a geographic information system, the spatial distribution patterns of CE prevalence at three different scales were analyzed. In addition, a spatial agglomeration map of CE prevalence was generated based on cold/hot spot analysis. By combining maps of environmental and biological covariates with information about known human CE cases, the links between CE prevalence and relevant covariates were explored, revealing that the annual average precipitation, elevation, water accessibility and animal population (dog and yak) were associated with the prevalence of CE at the significance level of P < 0.05. Our results provide a novel insight and better understanding of the current situation of and the factors influencing CE in Tibet, which can help public health authorities develop disease prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gongsang Quzhen
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuizhao Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Fangyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lane A, Wright H. Hydatid disease, hepatic injury and hypertonic saline: a clinical conundrum. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e238390. [PMID: 33462022 PMCID: PMC7816914 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis or human hydatid disease is a helminthic infection is caused by Echinococcus species. Classically, cystic echinococcosis is caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, E. equinus, E. ortleppi and E. canadensis, though several other species have been implicated in hydatid disease. Echinococcus infection may lead to cystic disease of the liver, lungs and potentially other organs. Here we present a patient who had cystic disease of the lungs and liver. The patient initially experienced right upper quadrant pain and nausea, and later went on to develop a fever, cough and dyspnoea in the setting of hydropneumothorax. CT scan of the chest and abdomen revealed a large fluid collection at the left lung base and a large lobular complex fluid mass within the right lobe of the liver. Echinococcus titres were positive. The patient was commenced on albendazole; however, experienced significant derangement of liver enzymes within the following month. In light of this, the albendazole was ceased, and a hemi-hepatectomy was performed. During the hemi-hepatectomy there was some cyst content spillage, and subsequently a washout with hypertonic saline 3% was performed. This was followed by a course of praziquantel 1200 mg two times per day for 14 days. Repeat CT 6 months later demonstrated no evidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lane
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugh Wright
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Shams M, Javanmardi E, Nosrati MC, Ghasemi E, Shamsinia S, Yousefi A, Kordi B, Majidiani H, Nourmohammadi H. Bioinformatics features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Myophilin as a promising target for vaccination against cystic echinococcosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104714. [PMID: 33434702 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonosis especially in underdeveloped countries around the world. Hence, immunization strategies are beneficial to avert the infection. The present investigation was aimed to predict the primary biochemical characteristics of the EgMyophilin and its potential B-cell and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-binding epitopes as a promising vaccine candidate. Different web servers were used to predict physico-chemical, antigenic and allergenic profiles, transmembrane domain, subcellular localization, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, secondary and 3D structure, tertiary model refinement and validations. B-cell and HLA-binding epitopes were predicted and screened in terms antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility (B-cell) or hydrophobicity (T-cell). The 89.82 KDa protein was non-allergenic, hydrophilic, stable, with improved thermotolerance and 94 post-translational modification sites. The secondary structure included 42.94% alpha helix, 42.82% random coil and 41.23% extended strand. Based on Ramachandran plot output for refined model, 96.2%, 99.5%, and 0.45% of amino acid residues were incorporated in the favored, allowed, and outlier regions of the refined model, respectively. After epitope screening, four B-cell and five HLA-binding epitopes possessed the highest antigenic index in the protein sequence. This paper is a premise for further researches, and provides insights for the development of a suitable vaccine against CE. More empirical studies are required using the EgMyophilin alone or in combination with other antigens/epitopes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Erfan Javanmardi
- Clinical Research Development Center, "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr, University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Ezatollah Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shamsinia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Yousefi
- Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kordi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Hassan Nourmohammadi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Delavari M, Pestechian N. Genotypes Identification of echinococcus granulosus isolated from iranian dogs and camels using three polymerase Chain reaction-based methods of cox1 gene. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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138
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Cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Egypt: An epidemiological overview. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 1:100061. [PMID: 35284875 PMCID: PMC8906101 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato), is a serious neglected zoonotic disease in many parts of the world, including Egypt. Thus far, the actual incidence of CE in the Egyptian population remains unknown. Infection with E. granulosus (s.l.) is common among stray dogs in rural and suburban areas owing to the spread of parasite eggs. Herein, we present an updated review of published data on the incidence of CE in humans and animals as well as the genotypes prevalent in Egypt. CE occurs in most parts of Egypt; however, available data are mostly from northern Egypt, particularly Cairo and Giza. In southern Egypt, the disease is likely to be underdiagnosed or underreported. A few risk factors were studied. In the Egyptian population, residency in rural areas, farming, and age were significant factors for acquiring CE. In livestock, age, sex and season have been associated with high prevalence of CE. Several genotypes have been identified among livestock (G1, G4, G5, G6 and G7) and humans (G1, G6 and G7). This literature review underscores the need for a precise national surveillance system to track CE distribution in humans and animals and design appropriate preventive and control strategies for this disease. A review summarizing the epidemiological data for Echinococcus granulosus (s.l.) infections in Egypt. Egypt is an endemic area for cystic echinococcosis in the human population and livestock. Genotypes G1, G4, G5, G6 and G7 of E. granulosus (s.l.) were reported in Egypt. A national surveillance system to track cystic echinococcosis in Egypt is needed.
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139
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Zhao Y, Gongsang Q, Ji J, Li J, Qi F, Li J, Qiangba G, Danzeng W, Chen F, Zhou H, Yin J, Pei N, Xie J, Cai H, Pang H, Li J, Chen W, Li B. Characterizing dynamic changes of plasma cell-free Echinococcus granulosus DNA before and after cystic echinococcosis treatment initiation. Genomics 2020; 113:576-582. [PMID: 33383141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over one million people are living with cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). For CE, long-term albendazole treatment is often needed, which requires regular follow-up. Follow-up is mainly through imaging which is insensitive to subtle changes and subjective to experience. We investigated the changes of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma of CE patients before and after albendazole treatment to evaluate its potential as an objective marker for treatment follow-up. Plasma samples of nine CE patients were collected before and after treatment. We identified Eg cfDNA from every sample through high-throughput sequencing. Eg cfDNA concentration and fragment length increased significantly after the treatment period. Ultrasound examination before and after the treatment initiation reflected the drug effects to a certain extent, as the cyst size of four patients reduced. Our findings indicated that Eg cfDNA from plasma could be a potential marker in the monitoring of CE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Quzhen Gongsang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850010, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa 850010, China
| | - Jingkai Ji
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fahai Qi
- Seni District Health Commission, Naqu 852000, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Gezhen Qiangba
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wangmu Danzeng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Tibet, BGI-Shenzhen, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; MGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiefang Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Na Pei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiandan Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huasheng Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850010, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa 850010, China.
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850010, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa 850010, China.
| | - Weijun Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Second People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China.
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Yang S, Xiao N, Li J, Quzhen G, Ma J, Yu Q, Luo Z, Pang H, Quzhen D, Wangjie S, Zhou XN. Reducing Canine Echinococcus Infection with Smart Deworming Collars - Tibet, China, June-November, 2020. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:979-982. [PMID: 34594818 PMCID: PMC8393154 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Existing manual deworming programs launched have made great progress in reducing the Echinococcus infection rate of domestic dogs, but significant challenges remain in scattered nomadic communities inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. The low deworming frequency and low levels of coverage were responsible for the high infection rate of Echinococcus spp. among dogs. What is added by this report? Smart deworming collars controlled by a remote management system (RMS) was found to increase the deworming frequency and coverage and subsequently reduce the canine infection rates with Echinococcusspp.. What are the implications for public health practice? As an innovative tool, smart deworming collars may drive the paradigm shift from manual deworming to smart deworming and stop the transmission of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,One Health Center, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Gongsang Quzhen
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Junying Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Huasheng Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Danzeng Quzhen
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Suolang Wangjie
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,One Health Center, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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141
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Rahumatullah A, Ahmad A, Noordin R, Lai JY, Baharudeen Z, Lim TS. Applicability of Brugia malayi immune antibody library for the isolation of a human recombinant monoclonal antibody to Echinococcus granulosus antigen B. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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142
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Fornaciari A, Gaeta R, Cavallini L, Aringhieri G, Ishak R, Bruschi F, Giuffra V. A 13th-century cystic echinococcosis from the cemetery of the monastery of Badia Pozzeveri (Lucca, Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 31:79-88. [PMID: 33096379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentially diagnose a calcified formation recovered from a 13th century AD grave from the Tuscan monastery of Badia Pozzeveri, Lucca, Italy. MATERIALS A calcified formation from the thoraco-abdominal region of a skeleton buried in the monastery cemetery. METHODS Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. RESULTS A hollow, calcified ovoid formation was identified as typical of a hydatid cyst, permitting the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in a 35-45year-old female. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the circulation of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus in the region of Lucca in late medieval Tuscany. SIGNIFICANCE This finding is the fourth case of cystic echinococcosis from an archaeological context in Italy and provides insight into environmental conditions that appear to have affected members of a community, irrespective of social status. LIMITATIONS Caution and the application of multiple analyses must be exercised in the differential diagnosis to discriminate among calcified formations. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Analysis of stable isotopes of the calcified formation, such as 15N and 13C, in order to compare them with isotopic values of the host individual and to further confirm the parasitic origin of the find.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fornaciari
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Gaeta
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Cavallini
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Randa Ishak
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
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143
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Ben Salah E, Sakly W, Barrera C, Mosbahi S, Bellanger AP, Farhani R, Ksia A, Gottstein B, Nouri A, Babba H, Millon L. Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) as predictor of early surgical outcomes of paediatric cystic echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12809. [PMID: 33207012 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Following treatment, cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibits a relatively high relapse rate. Here, we evaluated the value of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1), sPD-1 ligand (sPD-L1) and anti-recP29 antibody concentrations, as predictors of early surgical treatment outcomes in young CE-affected patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective study included 59 Tunisian children (177 plasmas), where CE was surgically treated and monitored for 3 post-operative years. Based on CE post-surgical development, patients were clustered into a 'No relapsed' CE (NRCE; n = 39) and a 'Relapsed' CE (RCE; n = 20) group. Plasma levels of sPD-1, sPD-L1 and anti-recP29 IgG were measured using ELISA. In the NRCE group, sPD-1, sPD-L1 and anti-recP29 IgG concentrations were significantly lower at D365 than at D30. By contrast, in the RCE group, no significant difference was observed between D0, D30 and D365. When considering individual variations, the probability to be 'relapse-free' was 67% and 73% when anti-recP29 IgG and sPD-L1 level, respectively, decreased between D30 and D365. The probability to be 'relapse-free' was 86% when the sPD-1 level decreased between D30 and D365 (P = .003; chi-square test). CONCLUSION sPD-1 may be a useful biomaker for the early evaluation of surgical procedure efficacy in paediatric CE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Ben Salah
- Departement de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wahiba Sakly
- Departement de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Coralie Barrera
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France
| | - Sana Mosbahi
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Tunisia
| | - Anne-Pauline Bellanger
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France
| | - Rabeb Farhani
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Tunisia
| | - Amine Ksia
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abdellatif Nouri
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Departement de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Millon
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France
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144
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Miles S, Velasco-de-Andrés M, Lozano F, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Interactome analysis of CD5 and CD6 ectodomains with tegumental antigens from the helminth parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3718-3728. [PMID: 32891642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite affecting both human and livestock health. Recombinant ectodomains of human scavenger receptors CD5 (rshCD5) and CD6 (rshCD6) were previously reported to bind its tegumental antigens and to exert prophylactic effects in a murine model of infection. Although the properties of mammalian scavenger receptors include the binding to diverse pathogen-derived structures, their interaction with helminth parasites has been scarcely explored. Therefore, we report here a search for CD5 and CD6 interactors within E. granulosus s.l. antigens. Mass spectrometry analysis of pull-downs from soluble tegumental components with biotinylated rshCD5 and rshCD6 resulted in 17 and 11 overrepresented interactors, respectively, 8 of which were shared. The interactors included previously reported protective molecules against E. granulosus s.l. and/or other helminths. Similar studies performed with 11-mer peptides mapping to each of the three extracellular scavenger domains of CD5 and CD6 allowed an estimated molecular topology of the interactions. In conclusion, the fact that most helminth interactors identified for rshCD5 and rshCD6 were already reported as vaccine candidates or pharmacological targets against different helminthiases, supports the view that their beneficial effects in experimental infection results from binding to multiple relevant tegumental antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Velasco-de-Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Muhedier M, Li J, Liu H, Ma G, Amahong K, Lin R, Lü G. Tacrolimus, a rapamycin target protein inhibitor, exerts anti-cystic echinococcosis effects both in vitro and in vivo. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105708. [PMID: 32956634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In view of a growing need for new treatment options for human cystic echinococcosis (CE), we aimed to investigate the efficacy of mTOR pathway inhibitors against CE in vitro and in vivo. Among the seven mTOR inhibitors evaluated, tacrolimus (TAC) showed significant dose- and time-dependent killing of cultured protoscoleces and cysts in vitro. Notably, the oral administration of TAC (4 mg/kg/day) to CE mice model highly effectively reduced both the weight and number of parasitic cysts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that TAC destroys the ultrastructure of cysts, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TAC had no significant effect on blood glucose, body weight, liver, or kidney functions in mice. We further observed that the ATP levels and glucose content of cysts reduced upon TAC treatment, indicating that inhibiting mTORC1 activity possibly affects glucose metabolism in the cysts of mice. Based on our experimental data, TAC emerged as a promising anti-cyst drug that efficiently inhibits the growth of cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhabaier Muhedier
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Kashi maternal and child health care hospital, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guizhi Ma
- College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kuerbannisha Amahong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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146
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Manciulli T, Serraino R, D'Alessandro GL, Cattaneo L, Mariconti M, Vola A, Taccari F, Narra R, De Vito G, Trecarichi EM, Mazzitelli M, Matera G, Casulli A, Marascio N, Brunetti E, Tamarozzi F, Torti C. Evidence of Low Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in the Catanzaro Province, Calabria Region, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1951-1954. [PMID: 32975181 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the neglected tropical diseases recognized by the WHO. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato affects more than 1 million people worldwide and is responsible for high costs in the healthcare system. A clear knowledge of the prevalence of CE and its clinical characteristics could have an important impact on the approach to its diagnosis and to the public health planning of treatment and control interventions. We performed a prevalence study in four municipalities of Catanzaro Province, South Italy. This area is considered to be at high risk of CE because of ovine breeding. We screened by abdominal ultrasound 2,426 volunteers, four of whom had abdominal CE. Given the need for prevention and control programs for CE in endemic areas of Italy, a detailed mapping of prevalence of CE, to complement data obtained through hospital discharge records, appears imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Manciulli
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Serraino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gian Luca D'Alessandro
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Cattaneo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples-Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ambra Vola
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Taccari
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Disease, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Narra
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Public Health Agency of the Catanzaro Province, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzitelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, 'Magna Graecia' University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriano Casulli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, European Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, 'Magna Graecia' University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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147
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A case of human cystic echinococcosis acquired in Ireland. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102249. [PMID: 33238216 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex and, in the majority of cases, is associated with hepatic or pulmonary involvement. Human CE is not thought to be endemic in Ireland. We describe the first reported case of human CE possibly acquired in Ireland.
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148
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Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis: A review. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:517-522. [PMID: 33246571 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus spp. have a global distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica. Infections with these parasites are considered extremely serious, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in addition to substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and Echinococcus multilocularis, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) respectively, are the two main species of interest from a human and veterinary perspective. This review collates the current state-of-the-art understanding of these two parasites within four key areas of relevance to human and veterinary professionals: transmission and epidemiology, clinical signs and pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention. This review should serve as a broad introduction to the most important Echinococcus spp. The reader is advised to seek out specific literature on individual diseases and their causative parasites for a deeper understanding.
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149
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Gonder N, Demir IH, Kılıncoglu V. The effectiveness of combined surgery and chemotherapy in primary hydatid cyst of thigh muscles, a rare localization and its management. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:533-536. [PMID: 33183964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is a common infestation caused by helminths in humans and usually involves the liver and lungs. Primarily, cases of hydatid cysts in the thigh muscles are extremely rare and are generally in the form of case reports. It is an important disease due to its insidious course, its confusion with other soft tissue pathologies, delay in diagnosis and painstaking surgery. In our study, the largest case series in the literature, the clinical stages of the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 9 hydatid cysts that develop primarily in the thigh muscles were evaluated. The risk of recurrence in primary hydatid cyst of the thigh can be reduced with rapid diagnosis, careful preoperative planning, complete surgical resection by avoiding cyst rupture and concomitant anthelmintic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevzat Gonder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, T.C. Ministry of Health Islahiye State Hospital, Gaziantep, 27800, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahım Halil Demir
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziantep University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Kılıncoglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziantep University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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150
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Gong Y, Tian C, Lu S, Gao Y, Wen L, Chen B, Gao H, Zhang H, Zhao J, Wang J. Harmine Combined with Rad54 Knockdown Inhibits the Viability of Echinococcus granulosus by Enhancing DNA Damage. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:1-9. [PMID: 33170025 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the role of EgRad54 and the effect of harmine (HM) or HM derivatives (HMDs) on DNA damage in Echinococcus granulosus. DNA damage in E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) was assessed by using a comet assay, after treatment with HM or HMDs. Efficiency of electroporation-based transfection of PSCs and subsequent EgRad54 knockdown was evaluated by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence intensity. Viability of PSCs was determined via eosin exclusion test, and expression of related genes was analyzed via RT-qPCR. HM and HMDs significantly (p < 0.05) increased DNA damage in E. granulosus, and upregulated EgRad54 expression. Compared with HM and HMD-only treatment groups, EgRad54 knockdown combined with HM and HMD treatment further reduced E. granulosus viability. This combined approach resulted in significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of Rad54 and Topo2a expression, and upregulation of ATM expression, whereas H2A and P53 expression was significantly higher compared with control groups. These data show that EgRad54 knockdown, combined with HM or HMD treatment, enhances DNA damage in E. granulosus via upregulation of ATM and H2A, and downregulation of Rad54 and Topo2a, thereby inhibiting E. granulosus growth, and suggest that EgRad54 is a potential therapeutic target for cystic echinococcosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Gong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Limei Wen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bei Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huijing Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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