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Splichalova A, Splichalova Z, Karasova D, Rychlik I, Trevisi P, Sinkora M, Splichal I. Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090534. [PMID: 31540295 PMCID: PMC6784012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. One-week-old germ-free piglets were orally colonized/infected with the Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 strain or its isogenic rough ΔrfaL, ΔrfaG or ΔrfaC mutants with exactly defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) defects. After 24 h, the piglets were euthanized and the colonization of the small intestine, translocations into the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and bacteremia, along with changes in the ileum histology, and transcription levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin were all assessed. Additionally, transcription levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the terminal ileum, and their local and systemic protein levels were evaluated. Wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium showed the highest translocation, histopathological changes, upregulation of claudins and downregulation of occludin, transcription of the cytokines, intestinal IL-8 and TNF-α levels, and systemic TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Depending on the extent of the incompleteness of the LPS, the levels of the respective elements decreased, or no changes were observed at all in the piglets colonized/infected with Δrfa mutants. Intestinal IL-10 and systemic IL-8 levels were not detected in any piglet groups. This study provided foundational data on the gnotobiotic piglet response to colonization/infection with the exactly defined rough Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 isogenic mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdislava Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
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Zhang X, Cai S, Chen L, Yuan R, Nie Y, Ding S, Fang Y, Zhu Q, Chen K, Wei H, Chen Y, Mo D. Integrated miRNA-mRNA transcriptomic analysis reveals epigenetic-mediated embryonic muscle growth differences between Wuzhishan and Landrace pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1967-1978. [PMID: 31222274 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig is one of the major dietary protein sources for human consumption, from which muscle is the largest protein origin. However, molecular mechanisms concerning early porcine embryonic muscle development distinctions between pig breeds are still unclear. In this study, an integrated analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome was conducted using longissimus dorsi muscle of 4 early embryonic stages around the primary myofiber formation time (18-, 21-, 28-, and 35-d post coitus) from 2 pig breeds (Landrace [LR] and Wuzhishan [WZS]) differing in meat mass. The global miRNA/mRNA expression profile showed that WZS prepared for myogenic developmental processes earlier than LR. After identifying and analyzing the interaction network of top 100 up-/down-regulated miRNA and their target genes, we were able to find 3 gene clusters: chromatin modification-related (Chd2, H3f3a, Chd6, and Mll1), myogenesis-related (Pax3, Pbx1, Mef2a, and Znf423), and myosin component-related (Mylk, Myo5a, Mylk4, Myh9, and Mylk2) gene clusters. These genes may involve in miRNA-gene myogenic regulatory network that plays vital role in regulating distinct early porcine embryonic myogenic processes between LR and WZS. In summary, our study reveals an epigenetic-mediated myogenic regulatory axial that will help us to decipher molecular mechanisms concerning early porcine embryonic muscle development distinctions between pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Kingsino Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Keren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Shenzhen Kingsino Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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103
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He JJ, Ma J, Wang JL, Zhang FK, Li JX, Zhai BT, Wang ZX, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Global Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Porcine Organs Reveals Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Transcriptional Landscapes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1531. [PMID: 31333663 PMCID: PMC6618905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the porcine tissue transcriptional landscapes that follow Toxoplasma gondii infection. RNAs were isolated from liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of T. gondii-infected and uninfected (control) pigs at days 6 and 18 postinfection, and were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). T. gondii altered the expression of 178, 476, 199, 201, and 362 transcripts at 6 dpi and 217, 223, 347, 119, and 161 at 18 dpi in the infected brain, liver, lung, MLNs and spleen, respectively. The differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were grouped into five expression patterns and 10 sub-clusters. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that immune-related genes dominated the overall transcriptomic signature and that metabolic processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, and metabolism of lipid and carboxylic acid, were downregulated in infected tissues. Co-expression network analysis identified transcriptional modules associated with host immune response to infection. These findings not only show how T. gondii infection alters porcine transcriptome in a tissue-specific manner, but also offer a gateway for testing new hypotheses regarding human response to T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin-Tao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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104
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Nakamura N, Hatano E, Iguchi K, Sato M, Kawaguchi H, Ohtsu I, Sakurai T, Aizawa N, Iijima H, Nishiguchi S, Tomono T, Okuda Y, Wada S, Seo S, Taura K, Uemoto S, Ikegawa M. Elevated levels of circulating ITIH4 are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pig model to human study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:621. [PMID: 31238892 PMCID: PMC6591942 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for optimal management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for the prevention of disease progression into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In order to identify the biomarkers, we generated the swine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model associated with NAFLD and performed serum proteomics on the model. METHODS Microminipigs were fed a high-fat diet to induce NAFLD and a normal diet as the control. To induce HCC, diethylnitrosamine was intraperitoneally administered. Biopsied liver samples were histopathologically analyzed every 12 weeks. Serum proteins were separated by blue native two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and proteins of interest were subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Human serum samples were analyzed to validate the candidate protein using antibody-mediated characterization. RESULTS In the NAFLD pigs, hepatic histology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was observed at 36 weeks, and HCC developed at 60 weeks. Among serum proteins identified with MALDI-TOF MS/MS, serum inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4), an acute response protein which is secreted primarily by liver, was identified as the most characteristic protein corresponding with NAFLD progression and HCC development in the NAFLD pigs. With immunoassay, serum ITIH4 levels in the NAFLD pigs were chronologically increased in comparison with those in control animal. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed ITIH4 expression in hepatocytes also increased in both the cancer lesions and parenchyma as NAFLD progressed. Human study is also consistent with this observation because serum ITIH4 levels were significantly higher in HCC-NAFLD patients than in the simple steatosis, NASH, and virus-related HCC patients. Of note, HCC-NAFLD patients who had higher serum ITIH4 levels exhibited poorer prognosis after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS We established an HCC pig model associated with NAFLD. Serum proteomics on the swine HCC with NAFLD model implicated ITIH4 as a non-invasive biomarker reflecting NAFLD progression as well as subsequent HCC development. Most importantly, the results in the swine study have been validated in human cohort studies. Dissecting speciation of serum ITIH4 promises to have clinical utility in monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogowacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Kohta Iguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Department of Headquarters for International Industry-University Collaboration, Tsukuba University, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Takaki Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Aizawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iijima
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomono
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seidai Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Ikegawa
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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105
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Fang X, Azain M, Crowe-White K, Mumaw J, Grimes JA, Schmiedt C, Barletta M, Rayalam S, Park HJ. Effect of Acute Ingestion of Green Tea Extract and Lemon Juice on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Pigs Fed a High-Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060195. [PMID: 31234608 PMCID: PMC6617406 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its catechins have been shown to ameliorate high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. However, low bioavailability of catechins limits their therapeutic potential. Lemon juice (LJ) has been suggested to enhance the bioavailability of catechins in vitro. This study investigated the antioxidative and hypolipidemic efficacy of a single dose of green tea extract (GTE) or GTE plus LJ (GTE + LJ) in high-fat diet fed pigs. Sixteen pigs ingested a single dose of GTE (190 mg/kg/day) or GTE + LJ (0.75 mL/kg/day) mixed with low-fat (LF; 5% fat) or high-fat (HF; 22% fat) diets and blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma catechin level peaked at two hours, and gradually returned to baseline after six hours following the intake. The addition of LJ significantly increased plasma catechin level. The diet containing GTE did not lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, or malondialdehyde concentration in 24 h in HF-fed pigs. Addition of a single dose of LJ, however, significantly decreased plasma TG level in LF groups but did not cause further changes on any other markers compared to the GTE alone. Our findings indicate limited effect of a single meal containing GTE on plasma antioxidant enzymes, lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation in pigs and no significant synergistic/additive action of adding LJ to GTE within 24 h in pigs. A study with a longer treatment period is warranted to further understand the potential role of GTE in reducing HF diet-induced oxidative stress and the possible synergistic role of LJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Michael Azain
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Kristi Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Jennifer Mumaw
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Chad Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Michele Barletta
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA.
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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106
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Chen J, Zou Q, Lv D, Raza MA, Wang X, Chen Y, Xi X, Li P, Wen A, Zhu L, Tang G, Li M, Li X, Jiang Y. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of aging porcine liver. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6949. [PMID: 31149403 PMCID: PMC6526898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many diseases, and the liver, as the most important metabolic organ, is significantly affected by aging. It has been shown that the liver weight tends to increase in rodents and decrease in humans with age. Pigs have a genomic structure, with physiological as well as biochemical features that are similar to those of humans, and have therefore been used as a valuable model for studying human diseases. The molecular mechanisms of the liver aging of large mammals on a comprehensive transcriptional level remain poorly understood. The pig is an ideal model animal to clearly and fully understand the molecular mechanism underlying human liver aging. Methods In this study, four healthy female Yana pigs (an indigenous Chinese breed) were investigated: two young sows (180-days-old) and two old sows (8-years-old). High throughput RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA, long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, and circular RNAs during the porcine liver aging process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to investigate the biological functions of age-related genes. Results A number of age-related genes were identified in the porcine liver. GO annotation showed that up-regulated genes were mainly related to immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to metabolism. Moreover, several lncRNAs and their target genes were also found to be differentially expressed during liver aging. In addition, the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were assessed during liver aging. Conclusions Numerous age-related genes were identified and circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks that are active during porcine liver aging were constructed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transcriptional foundations of liver aging and also provide further references that clarify human liver aging at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Li
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anxiang Wen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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107
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Shi G, Chen L, Chen G, Zou C, Li J, Li M, Fang C, Li C. Identification and Functional Prediction of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs Related to Subcutaneous Adipose Development in Pigs. Front Genet 2019; 10:160. [PMID: 30886630 PMCID: PMC6409335 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a very important class of non-coding RNAs that plays a vital role in many biological processes. Adipose tissue is an important place for storing energy, but few studies on lincRNAs were related to pig subcutaneous fat development. Here, we used published RNA-seq data from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Italian Large White pigs and identified 252 putative lincRNAs, wherein 34 were unannotated. These lincRNAs had relatively shorter length, lower number of exons, and lower expression level compared with protein-coding transcripts. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that the adjacent genes of lincRNAs were involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) between low and high backfat thickness pigs were identified. Through the detection of quantitative trait locus (QTL), DELs were mainly located in QTLs related to adipose development. Based on the expression correlation of DEL genes and their differentially expressed potential target genes, we constructed a co-expression network and a potential pathway of DEL's effect on lipid metabolism. Our study identified and analyzed lincRNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and results suggested that lincRNAs may be involved in the regulation of subcutaneous fat development. Our findings provided new insights into the biological function of porcine lincRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengchi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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108
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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Rivera-Burgos D, Babin MC, Staugler JM, Vinci T, Perry MR. An inhalational swine model for the characterization of physiological effects and toxicological profile associated with cyanide poisoning. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:509-518. [PMID: 30757927 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1569181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyanides are highly toxic compounds that have been used as weapons of terrorism throughout history. Cyanide (CN) is acutely toxic by all routes of administration; however, inhalation is the main exposure route. To adequately test effective countermeasures against inhalational CN threats, robust and well-characterized animal models are needed. This paper describes the initial development of a hydrogen cyanide (HCN) exposure swine model for documenting the physiological effects and toxicological profile during and after HCN inhalation exposure. Animals were implanted with telemetry transmitters for heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and electrocardiogram monitoring, and vascular access ports for serial blood collections. Nine female swine were exposed to HCN concentrations of 500 ± 6 ppm while breathing parameters were monitored real-time. Inhaled HCN doses ranged from 2.02 to 2.83 mg/kg. Clinical signs included vocalization, agitation, salivation, respiratory distress and apnea. After HCN exposure initiation, systemic arterial pressure fell dramatically with a concomitant increase in HR. Blood samples were collected to determine CN blood levels using LC-MS/MS and blood gas analysis. In summary, the developed HCN inhalation swine model permitted documentation of the physiological effects associated with CN poisoning. This model could be used to evaluate potential CN medical countermeasures in the event of a public health emergency stemming from inhalational CN threats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Vinci
- a Battelle Memorial Institute , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mark R Perry
- a Battelle Memorial Institute , Columbus , OH , USA
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110
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Chen J, Zou Q, Lv D, Raza MA, Wang X, Li P, Chen Y, Xi X, Wen A, Zhu L, Tang G, Li M, Li X, Jiang Y. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of porcine brain aging. Gene 2019; 693:1-9. [PMID: 30695714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The brain as an important organ can be affected largely by aging, and the comprehensive transcriptional underpinnings of brain aging remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a high throughput RNA sequencing to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in porcine brain. We have identified 714 mRNAs, 38lncRNAs, 41miRNAs, and 148circRNAs were age-related genes in the porcine cerebral cortex. The lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs have effect on the age of porcine brain due to the much changes of expression level as noncoding RNAs. The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched for stress response, reproductive regulatory process, immune response and metabolic process, and the down-regulated genes were related to neurologic function, stress response and signaling pathway. The synaptic transmission pathway may be the key role in aging of porcine brain that it was co-enriched for in both differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. Moreover, some lncRNAs and their target genes were also differentially expressed during brain aging. We further assessed the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks during brain aging. We also selected 2 mRNAs, 2 lncRNAs, 2 miRNAs, and 1 circRNAs to perform the q-PCR, and the expression patterns were highly consistent between the two methods confirming the high reproducibility and reliability of the gene expression profiling in our study. In conclusion, our findings will contribute to understand the transcriptional underpinnings of brain aging and provide a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Peilin Li
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Anxiang Wen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
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111
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Liu H, Hou C, Li N, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yang F, Zeng X, Liu Z, Qiao S. Microbial and metabolic alterations in gut microbiota of sows during pregnancy and lactation. FASEB J 2019; 33:4490-4501. [PMID: 30653349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801221rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in various physiologic processes; however, maternal microbial and metabolic changes during pregnancy and lactation remain elusive. Using pigs as an animal model, we conducted comparative analyses of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles across different stages of gestation, lactation, and the empty (nonpregnancy) phase in 2 distinct breeds of sow, Rongchang (RS) and Landrace (LS). Coriobacteriaceae were found to gradually increase over gestational time irrespective of breed, which was further validated in an independent cohort of sows, indicating that Coriobacteriaceae are likely associated with the progression of pregnancy. Escherichia increased as well. Relative to empty and gestation, lactation was associated with an increase in SCFA producers and a concomitant augmentation in SCFA production in both breeds. A comparison between the 2 breeds revealed that Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in RSs than in LSs, consistent with the strong ability of Rongchang pigs to digest highly fibrous feedstuffs. Taken together, we revealed characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota throughout pregnancy, lactation, and the empty phase, which could potentially help improve the pregnancy and lactation outcomes for both animals and humans.-Liu, H., Hou, C., Li, N., Zhang, X., Zhang, G., Yang, F., Zeng, X., Liu, Z., Qiao, S. Microbial and metabolic alterations in gut microbiota of sows during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA; and
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
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112
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The first comprehensive description of the expression profile of genes involved in differential body growth and the immune system of the Jeju Native Pig and miniature pig. Amino Acids 2018; 51:495-511. [PMID: 30519757 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sus scrofa provides a major source of animal protein for humans as well as being an excellent biomedical model. This study was carried out to understand, in detail, the genetic and functional variants of Jeju Native Pigs and miniature pigs through differential expression profiling of the genes controlling their immune response, growth performance, and meat quality. The Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used for generating 1.3 billion 90 bp paired-end reads, which were mapped to the S. scrofa genome using TopHat2. A total of 2481 and 2768 genes were differentially expressed with 8-log changes in muscle and liver samples, respectively. Five hundred forty-eight genes in muscle and 642 genes in liver samples had BLAST matches within the non-redundant database. GO process and pathway analyses showed enhanced biological processes related to the extracellular structural organization and skeletal muscle cell differentiation in muscle tissue, whereas the liver tissue shares functions related to the inflammatory response. Herein, we identify inflammatory regulatory genes in miniature pigs and growth response genes in Jeju Native Pigs, information which can provide a stronger base for the selection of breeding stock and facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies for therapeutic purposes.
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113
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Splichalova A, Jenistova V, Splichalova Z, Splichal I. Colonization of preterm gnotobiotic piglets with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its interference with Salmonella Typhimurium. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:381-394. [PMID: 30422309 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a prerequisite for a healthy host. The GIT microbiota in preterm infants is determined by the method of delivery and nutrition. Probiotics can improve the GIT microbiota balance and suitable animal models are required to verify their harmlessness. Preterm gnotobiotic piglets were colonized with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to evaluate its safety and possible protective action against infection with an enteric pathogen, Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Clinical signs (anorexia, somnolence, fever and diarrhea), bacterial interference and translocation, intestinal histopathology, transcriptions of claudin-1, occludin and interferon (IFN)-γ, intestinal and systemic protein levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-12/23 p40 and IFN-γ were compared among (i) germ-free, (ii) LGG-colonized, (iii) ST-infected and (iv) LGG-colonized and subsequently ST-infected piglets for 24 h. Both LGG and ST-colonized the GIT; LGG translocated in some cases into mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen but did not cause bacteremia and clinical changes. ST caused clinical signs of gastroenteritis, translocated into mesenteric lymph nodes, the spleen, liver and blood, increased claudin-1 and IFN-γ transcriptions, but decreased occludin transcription and increased local and systemic levels of IL-8 and IL-12/23 p40. Previous colonization with LGG reduced ST colonization in the jejunum and translocation into the liver, spleen and blood. It partially ameliorated histopathological changes in the intestine, reduced IL-8 levels in the jejunum and plasma and IL-12/23 p40 in the jejunum. The preterm gnotobiotic piglet model of the vulnerable preterm immunocompromised infant is useful to verify the safety of probiotics and evaluate their protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - V Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Z Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - I Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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114
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Kim E, Hwang SU, Yoon JD, Kim H, Lee G, Hyun SH. Isolation and characterization of GFAP-positive porcine neural stem/progenitor cells derived from a GFAP-CreER T2 transgenic piglet. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:331. [PMID: 30404643 PMCID: PMC6222979 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The porcine brain is gyrencephalic with similar gray and white matter composition and size more comparable to the human rather than the rodent brain; however, there is lack of information about neural progenitor cells derived from this model. Results Here, we isolated GFAP-positive porcine neural stem cells (NSCs) from the brain explant of a transgenic piglet, with expression of CreERT2 under the control of the GFAP promoter (pGFAP-CreERT2). The isolated pGFAP-CreERT2 NSCs showed self-renewal and expression of representative NSC markers such as Nestin and Sox2. Pharmacological inhibition studies revealed that Notch1 signaling is necessary to maintain NSC identity, whereas serum treatment induced cell differentiation into reactive astrocytes and neurons. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that GFAP promoter-driven porcine CreERT2 NSCs would be a useful tool to study neurogenesis of the porcine adult central nervous system and furthers our understanding of its potential clinical application in the future. Graphical abstract ᅟ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1660-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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115
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Tanihara F, Hirata M, Nguyen NT, Le QA, Hirano T, Takemoto T, Nakai M, Fuchimoto DI, Otoi T. Generation of a TP53-modified porcine cancer model by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene modification in porcine zygotes via electroporation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206360. [PMID: 30352075 PMCID: PMC6198999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 (which encodes p53) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancers. In this study, we generated TP53-mutant pigs by gene editing via electroporation of the Cas9 protein (GEEP), a process that involves introducing the Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting exon 3 and intron 4 of TP53 into in vitro-fertilized zygotes. Zygotes modified by the sgRNAs were transferred to recipients, two of which gave birth to a total of 11 piglets. Of those 11 piglets, 9 survived. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed that 6 of 9 live piglets carried mutations in TP53, including 2 piglets with no wild-type (WT) sequences and 4 genetically mosaic piglets with WT sequences. One mosaic piglet had 142 and 151 bp deletions caused by a combination of the two sgRNAs. These piglets were continually monitored for 16 months and three of the genome-edited pigs (50%) exhibited various tumor phenotypes that we presumed were caused by TP53 mutations. Two mutant pigs with no WT sequences developed mandibular osteosarcoma and nephroblastoma. The mosaic pig with a deletion between targeting sites of two sgRNAs exhibited malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Tumor phenotypes of TP53 mosaic mutant pigs have not been previously reported. Our results indicated that the mutations caused by gene editing successfully induced tumor phenotypes in both TP53 mosaic- and bi-allelic mutant pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nhien Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Quynh Anh Le
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Division of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakai
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dai-ichiro Fuchimoto
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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116
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Skiba G, Sobol M, Raj S. Bone mineralisation, mechanical properties and body phosphorus content in growing gilts as affected by protein or feed intake during depletion-repletion periods. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:478-491. [PMID: 30324824 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1527145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of feed or protein depletion-repletion on phosphorus balance, and bone characteristics was studied on 70 growing pigs from 90 to 168 d of age. During depletion period (90-118 d of age), C pigs were fed semi ad libitum (95% ad libitum intake) on control diet; FR pigs (feed-restricted group) consumed 40% less of control diet compared to C pigs; PR pigs (protein-restricted group) were fed semi ad libitum a low-protein diet containing 40% less protein than control diet. During repletion period (119-168 d of age), daily allowances for C pigs were equal of 95% ad libitum intake. Remaining pigs consumed a control diet at the same amount as C pigs. Pigs were slaughtered at 90 d of age ("zero" animals, n = 7), following seven animals from each group at d 118, 146 and 168 of age. At 118 d of age, phosphorus content in the body was lower (p < 0.001) in FR than C and PR pigs. Lower phosphorus deposition and utilisation was observed in FR animals. Humerus in FR pigs was lighter, had lower mineral content and density, but had greater stiffness than in PR and C pigs. During repletion period, FR pigs deposited more phosphorus and had better phosphorus utilisation than C and PR pigs. Humerus mineral density was greater in FR and PR than in C pigs. Humerus strength was the highest in PR pigs, and the lowest in FR pigs. Humerus stiffness was greater in PR than in C and FR pigs. In conclusion, during depletion period feed restriction affects bone growth more than protein restriction, and bone strength is less sensitive, than other bone characteristics, to feed restriction. Reductions in measured bone indices observed after lower feed intake can be fully compensated during the repletion period and resulted mainly from better utilisation of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skiba
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - Monika Sobol
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - Stanisława Raj
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
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117
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Xu XY, Wu D, Xu SY, Che LQ, Fang ZF, Feng B, Li J, Wu CM, Lin Y. Comparison of microRNA transcriptomes reveals differential regulation of microRNAs in different-aged boars. Theriogenology 2018; 119:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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118
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A comparative analysis of label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liver proteomic profiles highlights metabolic differences between pig breeds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199649. [PMID: 30208024 PMCID: PMC6135354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ governing several physiological processes that define biological mechanisms affecting growth, feed efficiency and performance traits in all livestock species, including pig. Proteomics may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between liver functions and complex production traits in pigs and to characterize this species as biomedical model. This study applied, for the first time, a label‐free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) proteomic approach to compare the liver proteome profiles of two important heavy pig breeds, Italian Duroc and Italian Large White. Liver specimens were collected (after slaughtering) from performance tested pigs of these two breeds, raised in standard conditions. The label‐free LC‐MS method captured a total of 501 proteins of which 200 were subsequently considered in the between breeds comparison. A statistical pipeline based on the sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA), coupled with stability and significance tests, was applied for the identification of up or down regulated proteins between breeds. This analysis revealed a total of 25 proteins clearly separating Italian Duroc and Italian Large White pigs. Among the top proteins differentiating the two breeds, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial (ACAA2) and histone H2B type 2-F (HIST2H2BF) were up-regulated in Italian Duroc pigs and carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) and ketohexokinase (KHK) were up-regulated in Italian Large White pigs. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), involved in fatty acid metabolism and encoded by a gene located in a QTL region for fatty acid composition, was up-regulated in Italian Large White pigs. The in silico protein interaction analysis showed that 16 of these proteins were connected in one big module. Bioinformatic functional analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins were involved in several biological processes related to the metabolism of lipids, amino-acids, carbohydrates, cofactors and antibiotics/drugs, suggesting that these functions might distinguish Italian Duroc and Italian Large White pigs. This pilot comparative proteomic analysis of the porcine liver highlighted several biological factors that could determine the peculiar production potentials of these two heavy pig breeds, derived by their different genetic backgrounds.
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119
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Ziegler AL, Pridgen TA, Mills JK, Gonzalez LM, Van Landeghem L, Odle J, Blikslager AT. Epithelial restitution defect in neonatal jejunum is rescued by juvenile mucosal homogenate in a pig model of intestinal ischemic injury and repair. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200674. [PMID: 30138372 PMCID: PMC6107120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic injury results sloughing of the mucosal epithelium leading to host sepsis and death unless the mucosal barrier is rapidly restored. Volvulus and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants have been associated with intestinal ischemia, sepsis and high mortality rates. We have characterized intestinal ischemia/repair using a highly translatable porcine model in which juvenile (6-8-week-old) pigs completely and efficiently restore barrier function by way of rapid epithelial restitution and tight junction re-assembly. In contrast, separate studies showed that younger neonatal (2-week-old) pigs exhibited less robust recovery of barrier function, which may model an important cause of high mortality rates in human infants with ischemic intestinal disease. Therefore, we aimed to further refine our repair model and characterize defects in neonatal barrier repair. Here we examine the defect in neonatal mucosal repair that we hypothesize is associated with hypomaturity of the epithelial and subepithelial compartments. Following jejunal ischemia in neonatal and juvenile pigs, injured mucosa was stripped from seromuscular layers and recovered ex vivo while monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and 3H-mannitol flux as measures of barrier function. While ischemia-injured juvenile mucosa restored TEER above control levels, reduced flux over the recovery period and showed 93±4.7% wound closure, neonates exhibited no change in TEER, increased flux, and a 11±23.3% increase in epithelial wound size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed enterocytes at the wound margins of neonates failed to assume the restituting phenotype seen in restituting enterocytes of juveniles. To attempt rescue of injured neonatal mucosa, neonatal experiments were repeated with the addition of exogenous prostaglandins during ex vivo recovery, ex vivo recovery with full thickness intestine, in vivo recovery and direct application of injured mucosal homogenate from neonates or juveniles. Neither exogenous prostaglandins, intact seromuscular intestinal layers, nor in vivo recovery enhanced TEER or restitution in ischemia-injured neonatal mucosa. However, ex vivo exogenous application of injured juvenile mucosal homogenate produced a significant increase in TEER and enhanced histological restitution to 80±4.4% epithelial coverage in injured neonatal mucosa. Thus, neonatal mucosal repair can be rescued through direct contact with the cellular and non-cellular milieu of ischemia-injured mucosa from juvenile pigs. These findings support the hypothesis that a defect in mucosal repair in neonates is due to immature repair mechanisms within the mucosal compartment. Future studies to identify and rescue specific defects in neonatal intestinal repair mechanisms will drive development of novel clinical interventions to reduce mortality in infants affected by intestinal ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A. Pridgen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juliana K. Mills
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Takasu M, Maeda M, Almunia J, Nakamura K, Nishii N, Takashima S. Response to estrus induction with abortion treatment in microminipigs on different days after insemination. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:361-364. [PMID: 29806614 PMCID: PMC6105745 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In microminipigs, estrus induction with abortion treatment, which is typically performed between 25 and 40 days after mating, is not always successful. Thus, the authors hypothesized that it may be more difficult to induce estrus by treating microminipigs approximately 40 days after mating. Accordingly, in this study, estrus induction was performed with abortion treatment in four microminipigs as follows: 0.3 mg of cloprostenol, a prostaglandin F2-alpha analog, was administered (day 0); after 24 h, 0.15 mg of cloprostenol and 250 IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin were administered intramuscularly and simultaneously (day 1); after 96 h, 120 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin was injected intramuscularly (day 4). These treatments were compared at two different stages of pregnancy: early treatment (26.5 ± 0.7 days) and late treatment (38.3 ± 0.8 days). In the early treatment, all four microminipigs exhibited estrus on day 5, whereas in the late treatment, estrus was observed clearly in only two pigs on day 6 and slightly in 1 pig on day 10, whereas it was unclear in 1 pig. These results suggest that it is difficult to induce estrus with abortion treatment in microminipigs at approximately 40 days after mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health (GeFAH), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masami Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Julio Almunia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kotono Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishii
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takashima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Luo J, Fan Y, Shen L, Niu L, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Zhu L, Jiang A, Tang Q, Ma J, Jin L, Wang J, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. The Pro-angiogenesis Of Exosomes Derived From Umbilical Cord Blood Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Pigs Was Repressed Associated With MiRNAs. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1426-1436. [PMID: 30262994 PMCID: PMC6158734 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a key factor for the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in utero. Poor degrees of angiogenesis were observed during IUGR development. Here, it was demonstrated that NV-EXO (normal piglet's Umbilical Veins derived exosomes) promoted angiogenesis within the subdued pro-angiogenesis context of IV-EXO (IUGR piglet's Umbilical Veins derived exosomes). Investigation of the miRNA transcriptome of umbilical cord vein and artery exosomes between IUGR and normal littermates showed significant differences between umbilical veins from normal (NV) and IUGR (IV) piglets. Similar patterns were observed in normal (NA) and IUGR (IA) umbilical arteries as well. Moreover, the miRNAs expession level was more stable in NV. Further analysis revealed that miRNAs related to angiogenesis exhibited aberrant expression in IUGR pigs. The miRNA expression patterns between IUGR and normal piglets showed great difference. Expression of miR-150 in the tissues and UCB exosomes of IUGR pigs was significantly decreased. Up-regulation of miR-150 was able to increase proliferation, migration and tube formation of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting a pro-angiogenic role. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that UCB derived miRNAs participate in fetal epigenetic regulation during pregnancy, suggesting a novel possible explanation for abnormal embryologic vascular development and several congenital cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - LiLi Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Mianyang Ming Xing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., LTD, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - An'an Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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122
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Oster M, Keiler J, Schulze M, Reyer H, Wree A, Wimmers K. Fast and reliable dissection of porcine parathyroid glands - A protocol for molecular and histological analyses. Ann Anat 2018; 219:76-81. [PMID: 29936218 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As calcium and phosphorus are of vital importance for life, physiological activity of the parathyroid glands (PTGs) is crucial to maintain mineral homeostasis and bone mineralization. However, PTG-specific molecular routes in response to environmental factors and intrinsic hormonal responses are not yet fully understood. Since nutrient requirements, pathophysiology and functional genomics of pigs are similar to those of humans, pigs might be a suitable model to study the holistic gene expression and physiological aspects of the parathyroid gland, which could be used in both animal sciences and biomedical research. However, due to their small size and hidden location, the dissection of the PTGs, particularly in pigs, is difficult. Therefore, a protocol for untrained dissectors has been established that allows a fast and reliable identification of the PTGs in domestic pigs. Based on their localization within the cranial thymus near the carotid bifurcation, sampling was verified by histological staining and mRNA expression pattern. Analyses revealed the prominence of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-producing chief cells. Moreover, the copy numbers of PTH differed substantially between the PTGs and their surrounding thymus tissue, as PTH was expressed virtually exclusively in the PTGs. The developed protocol will substantially facilitate a fast and reliable dissection of porcine PTGs which is essential for studies characterizing the molecular mechanisms of parathyroid glands, e.g. when applying new feeding strategies in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Keiler
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marko Schulze
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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123
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do Nascimento NC, Guimaraes AMS, Dos Santos AP, Chu Y, Marques LM, Messick JB. RNA-Seq based transcriptome of whole blood from immunocompetent pigs (Sus scrofa) experimentally infected with Mycoplasma suis strain Illinois. Vet Res 2018; 49:49. [PMID: 29914581 PMCID: PMC6006945 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are popular animal models in biomedical research. RNA-Seq is becoming the predominant tool to investigate transcriptional changes of the pig’s response to infection. The high sensitivity of this tool requires a strict control of the study design beginning with the selection of healthy animals to provide accurate interpretation of research data. Pigs chronically infected with Mycoplasma suis often show no obvious clinical signs, however the infection may affect the validity of animal research. The goal of this study was to investigate whether or not this silent infection is also silent at the host transcriptional level. Therefore, immunocompetent pigs were experimentally infected with M. suis and transcriptional profiles of whole blood, generated by RNA-Seq, were analyzed and compared to non-infected animals. RNA-Seq showed 55 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the M. suis infected pigs. Down-regulation of genes related to innate immunity (tlr8, chemokines, chemokines receptors) and genes containing IFN gamma-activated sequence (gbp1, gbp2, il15, cxcl10, casp1, cd274) suggests a general suppression of the immune response in the infected animals. Sixteen (29.09%) of the DE genes were involved in two protein interaction networks: one involving chemokines, chemokine receptors and interleukin-15 and another involving the complement cascade. Genes related to vascular permeability, blood coagulation, and endothelium integrity were also DE in infected pigs. These findings suggest that M. suis subclinical infection causes significant alterations in blood mRNA levels, which could impact data interpretation of research using pigs. Screening of pigs for M. suis infection before initiating animal studies is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naíla C do Nascimento
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Ana M S Guimaraes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea P Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joanne B Messick
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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124
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Maroilley T, Berri M, Lemonnier G, Esquerré D, Chevaleyre C, Mélo S, Meurens F, Coville JL, Leplat JJ, Rau A, Bed'hom B, Vincent-Naulleau S, Mercat MJ, Billon Y, Lepage P, Rogel-Gaillard C, Estellé J. Immunome differences between porcine ileal and jejunal Peyer's patches revealed by global transcriptome sequencing of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9077. [PMID: 29899562 PMCID: PMC5998120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the intestinal mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) constitute an essential physical and immunological barrier against pathogens. In order to study the specificities of the GALT transcriptome in pigs, we compared the transcriptome profiles of jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches (PPs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and peripheral blood (PB) of four male piglets by RNA-Seq. We identified 1,103 differentially expressed (DE) genes between ileal PPs (IPPs) and jejunal PPs (JPPs), and six times more DE genes between PPs and MLNs. The master regulator genes FOXP3, GATA3, STAT4, TBX21 and RORC were less expressed in IPPs compared to JPPs, whereas the transcription factor BCL6 was found more expressed in IPPs. In comparison between IPPs and JPPs, our analyses revealed predominant differential expression related to the differentiation of T cells into Th1, Th2, Th17 and iTreg in JPPs. Our results were consistent with previous reports regarding a higher T/B cells ratio in JPPs compared to IPPs. We found antisense transcription for respectively 24%, 22% and 14% of the transcripts detected in MLNs, PPs and PB, and significant positive correlations between PB and GALT transcriptomes. Allele-specific expression analyses revealed both shared and tissue-specific cis-genetic control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maroilley
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Berri
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - G Lemonnier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D Esquerré
- GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castenet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Chevaleyre
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - S Mélo
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - F Meurens
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - J L Coville
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J J Leplat
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,LREG, IRCM, DRF, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Rau
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B Bed'hom
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S Vincent-Naulleau
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,LREG, IRCM, DRF, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M J Mercat
- BIOPORC and IFIP-Institut du porc, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Y Billon
- GENESI, INRA, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - P Lepage
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Rogel-Gaillard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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125
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Lin Z, Guo F, Gregorich ZR, Sun R, Zhang H, Hu Y, Shanmuganayagam D, Ge Y. Comprehensive Characterization of Swine Cardiac Troponin T Proteoforms by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1284-1294. [PMID: 29633223 PMCID: PMC6109964 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) regulates the Ca2+-mediated interaction between myosin thick filaments and actin thin filaments during cardiac contraction and relaxation. cTnT is released into the blood following injury, and increased serum levels of the protein are used clinically as a biomarker for myocardial infarction. Moreover, mutations in cTnT are causative in a number of familial cardiomyopathies. With the increasing use of large animal (swine) model to recapitulate human diseases, it is essential to characterize species-dependent protein sequence variants, alternative RNA splicing, and post-translational modifications (PTMs), but challenges remain due to the incomplete database and lack of validation of the predicted splicing isoforms. Herein, we integrated top-down mass spectrometry (MS) with online liquid chromatography (LC) and immunoaffinity purification to comprehensively characterize miniature swine cTnT proteoforms, including those arising from alternative RNA splicing and PTMs. A total of seven alternative splicing isoforms of cTnT were identified by LC/MS from swine left ventricular tissue, with each isoform containing un-phosphorylated and mono-phosphorylated proteoforms. The phosphorylation site was localized to Ser1 for the mono-phosphorylated proteoforms of cTnT1, 3, 4, and 6 by online MS/MS combining collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD). Offline MS/MS on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer with CAD and electron capture dissociation (ECD) was then utilized to achieve deep sequencing of mono-phosphorylated cTnT1 (35.2 kDa) with a high sequence coverage of 87%. Taken together, this study demonstrated the unique advantage of top-down MS in the comprehensive characterization of protein alternative splicing isoforms together with PTMs. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ruixiang Sun
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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126
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Chen J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Tao X, Xu H, Liu Y, Zhu L, Tang G, Wen A, Lv D, Li X, Jiang Y. Activities Analysis and Polymorphisms Identification of GPIHBP1 Promoter Region in Porcine. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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127
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Wei K, Zhang T, Ma L. Divergent and convergent evolution of housekeeping genes in human-pig lineage. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4840. [PMID: 29844985 PMCID: PMC5971102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes are ubiquitously expressed and maintain basic cellular functions across tissue/cell type conditions. The present study aimed to develop a set of pig housekeeping genes and compare the structure, evolution and function of housekeeping genes in the human–pig lineage. By using RNA sequencing data, we identified 3,136 pig housekeeping genes. Compared with human housekeeping genes, we found that pig housekeeping genes were longer and subjected to slightly weaker purifying selection pressure and faster neutral evolution. Common housekeeping genes, shared by the two species, achieve stronger purifying selection than species-specific genes. However, pig- and human-specific housekeeping genes have similar functions. Some species-specific housekeeping genes have evolved independently to form similar protein active sites or structure, such as the classical catalytic serine–histidine–aspartate triad, implying that they have converged for maintaining the basic cellular function, which allows them to adapt to the environment. Human and pig housekeeping genes have varied structures and gene lists, but they have converged to maintain basic cellular functions essential for the existence of a cell, regardless of its specific role in the species. The results of our study shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of housekeeping genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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128
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Chedea VS, Palade LM, Marin DE, Pelmus RS, Habeanu M, Rotar MC, Gras MA, Pistol GC, Taranu I. Intestinal Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Pomace Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018; 10:E588. [PMID: 29747456 PMCID: PMC5986468 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from grape pomace (GP) are important aspects of its valorization as a feed additive in the diet of weaned piglets. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of polyphenols from GP both in vitro in IPEC cells and in vivo in the duodenum and colon of piglets fed with diets containing or not 5% GP and also to compare and correlate the aspects of their in vitro and in vivo absorption. Total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant status (TAS, CAT, SOD and GPx enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation-TBARS level) were assessed in duodenum and colon of piglets fed or not a diet with 5% GP. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that in cellular and extracellular medium the GP polyphenols were oxidized (between λmax = 276 nm and λmax = 627.0 nm) with the formation of o-quinones and dimers. LC-MS analysis indicated a procyanidin trimer possibly C2, and a procyanidin dimer as the major polyphenols identified in GP, 12.8% of the procyanidin trimer and 23% of the procyanidin dimer respectively being also found in the compound feed. Procyanidin trimer C2 is the compound accumulated in duodenum, 73% of it being found in the colon of control piglets, and 62.5% in the colon of GP piglets. Correlations exist between the in vitro and in vivo investigations regarding the qualitative evaluation of GP polyphenols in the cells (λmax at 287.1 nm) and in the gut (λmax at 287.5 nm), as oxidated metabolic products. Beside the presence of polyphenols metabolites this study shows also the presence of the unmetabolized procyanidin trimers in duodenum and colon tissue, an important point in evaluating the benefic actions of these molecules at intestinal level. Moreover the in vivo study shows that a 5% GP in piglet’s diet increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased lipid peroxidantion (TBARS) in both duodenum and colon, and increased SOD activity in duodenum and CAT and GPx activity in colon. These parameters are modulated by the different polyphenols absorbed, mainly by the procyanidin trimers and catechin on one side and the polyphenols metabolites on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Laurentiu Mihai Palade
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Rodica Stefania Pelmus
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Habeanu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mircea Catalin Rotar
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Mihail Alexandru Gras
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
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Abstract
Intensive farming may involve the use of diets, environments or management practices that impose physiological and psychological stressors on the animals. In particular, early weaning is nowadays a common practice to increase the productive yield of pig farms. Still, it is considered one of the most critical periods in swine production, where piglet performance can be seriously affected and where they are predisposed to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Pig producers nowadays face the challenge to overcome this situation in a context of increasing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal production. Great efforts are being made to find strategies to help piglets overcome the challenges of early weaning. Among them, a nutritional strategy that has received increasing attention in the last few years is the use of probiotics. It has been extensively documented that probiotics can reduce digestive disorders and improve productive parameters. Still, research in probiotics so far has also been characterized as being inconsistent and with low reproducibility from farm to farm. Scientific literature related to probiotic effects against gastrointestinal pathogens will be critically examined in this review. Moreover, the actual practical approach when using probiotics in these animals, and potential strategies to increase consistency in probiotic effects, will be discussed. Thus, considering the boost in probiotic research observed in recent years, this paper aims to provide a much-needed, in-depth review of the scientific data published to-date. Furthermore, it aims to be useful to swine nutritionists, researchers and the additive industry to critically consider their approach when developing or using probiotic strategies in weaning piglets.
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Cho B, Kim SJ, Lee EJ, Ahn SM, Lee JS, Ji DY, Lee K, Kang JT. Generation of insulin-deficient piglets by disrupting INS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:289-300. [PMID: 29691708 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with accompanying severe complications. Various animal models, mostly rodents due to availability of genetically modified lines, have been used to investigate the pathophysiology of diabetes. Using pigs for diabetic research can be beneficial because of their similarity in size, pathogenesis pathway, physiology, and metabolism with human. However, the use of pigs for diabetes research has been hampered due to only few pig models presenting diabetes symptoms. In this study, we have successfully generated insulin-deficient pigs by generating the indels of the porcine INS gene in somatic cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. First, somatic cells carrying a modified INS gene were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system and their genotypes were confirmed by T7E1 assay; targeting efficiency was 40.4% (21/52). After embryo transfer, three live and five stillborn piglets were born. As expected, INS knockout piglets presented high blood glucose levels and glucose was detected in the urine. The level of insulin and c-peptide in the blood serum of INS knockout piglets were constant after feeding and the expression of insulin in the pancreas was absent in those piglets. This study demonstrates effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 system in generating novel pig models. We expect that these insulin-deficient pigs can be used in diabetes research to test the efficacy and safety of new drugs and the recipient of islet transplantation to investigate optimal transplantation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumrae Cho
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Ahn
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dal-Young Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jung-Taek Kang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
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131
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Schwartz JC, Hemmink JD, Graham SP, Tchilian E, Charleston B, Hammer SE, Ho C, Hammond JA. The major histocompatibility complex homozygous inbred Babraham pig as a resource for veterinary and translational medicine. HLA 2018; 92:40-43. [PMID: 29687612 PMCID: PMC6099331 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Babraham pig is a highly inbred breed first developed in the United Kingdom approximately 50 years ago. Previous reports indicate a very high degree of homozygosity across the genome, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, but confirmation of homozygosity at the specific MHC loci was lacking. Using both direct sequencing and PCR-based sequence-specific typing, we confirm that Babraham pigs are essentially homozygous at their MHC loci and formalise their MHC haplotype as Hp-55.6. This enhances the utility of the Babraham pig as a useful biomedical model for studies in which controlling for genetic variation is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. D. Hemmink
- The Pirbright InstitutePirbrightSurreyUK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
- Livestock GeneticsThe International Livestock Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | | | | | | | - S. E. Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of PathobiologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - C.‐S. Ho
- Gift of Life MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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Gao J, Scheenstra MR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. A new and efficient culture method for porcine bone marrow-derived M1- and M2-polarized macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 200:7-15. [PMID: 29776615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in the innate immune system as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). They have a pro-inflammatory signature (M1-polarized macrophages) or anti-inflammatory signature (M2-polarized macrophages) based on expression of surface receptors and secretion of cytokines. However, very little is known about the culture of macrophages from pigs and more specific about the M1 and M2 polarization in vitro. METHODS Porcine monocytes or mononuclear bone marrow cells were used to culture M1- and M2-polarized macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF and M-CSF, respectively. Surface receptor expression was measured with flow cytometry and ELISA was used to quantify cytokine secretion in response to LPS and PAM3CSK4 stimulation. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were used as control. RESULTS Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were cultured best using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF, respectively. Cultures from bone marrow cells resulted in a higher yield M1- and M2-polarized macrophages which were better comparable to human monocyte-derived macrophages than cultures from porcine monocytes. Porcine M1-polarized macrophages displayed the characteristic fried egg shape morphology, lower CD163 expression and low IL-10 production. Porcine M2-polarized macrophages contained the spindle-like morphology, higher CD163 expression and high IL-10 production. CONCLUSION Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages can be most efficiently cultured from mononuclear bone marrow cells using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF. The new culture method facilitates more refined studies of porcine macrophages in vitro, important for both porcine and human health since pigs are increasingly used as model for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Gao
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy metabolism. Adipose dysfunction is closely related to obesity and type II diabetes. Glucose uptake is the key step for fat synthesis in adipocyte. miRNAs have been proven to play a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. In this paper, we firstly reported that miR-146b decreased glucose consumption by up-regulating miR-146b in a porcine primary adipocyte model, while the inhibitor of endogenous miR-146b rescued the reduction. Then, miR-146b was predicated to target IRS1 by bioinformatics analysis, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay validated this predication. Western blot analyses indicated both IRS1 and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) were down-regulated by miR-146b overexpression. Our study demonstrated that miR-146b regulated glucose homeostasis in porcine primary pre-adipocyte by targeting IRS1, and provided new understandings on regulations of lipogenesis by miRNAs.
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134
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Park MH, Kim MS, Yun JI, Choi JH, Lee E, Lee ST. Integrin Heterodimers Expressed on the Surface of Porcine Spermatogonial Stem Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:253-263. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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135
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Splichalova A, Slavikova V, Splichalova Z, Splichal I. Preterm Life in Sterile Conditions: A Study on Preterm, Germ-Free Piglets. Front Immunol 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 29491864 PMCID: PMC5817058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants born with immature organ systems, which can impede normal development, can also be highly sensitive to different biological and/or environmental factors. Animal models could aid in investigating and understanding the effects of different conditions on the health of these immunocompromised infants. The epitheliochorial placentation of the pig prevents the prenatal transfer of protective colostral immunoglobulins. Surgical colostrum-deprived piglets are free of maternal immunoglobulins, and the cells that are normally provided via colostrum. We bred preterm germ-free piglets in sterile conditions and compared them with their term counterparts. Enterocyte development and intestinal morphology, tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin, pattern-recognizing receptors, adaptor molecules and coreceptors (RAGE, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, MyD88, TRIF, MD2, and CD14), and inflammasome NLRP3 transcription were all evaluated. The production of inflammatory mediators IFN-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/23 p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the intestine of germ-free piglets was also assessed. In the preterm germ-free piglets, the ileum showed decreased lamina propria cellularity, reduced villous height, and thinner and less distinct stratification - especially muscle layer, in comparison with their term counterparts. Claudin-1 transcription increased in the intestine of the preterm piglets. The transcription levels of pattern-recognizing receptors and adaptor molecules showed ambiguous trends between the groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were increased in the preterm ileum numerically (though not significantly), with statistically significant increases in the colon. Additionally, IL-12/23 p40 and IFN-γ were statistically significantly higher in the preterm colon. Both blood plasma and intestinal HMGB1 levels were nonsignificantly higher in the preterm group. We propose that the intestine of the preterm germ-free piglets showed "mild inflammation in sterile conditions." This model, which establishes preterm, hysterectomy-derived germ-free piglets, without protective maternal immunoglobulins, can be used to study influences of microbiota, nutrition, and therapeutic interventions on the development and health of vulnerable immunocompromised preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Vera Slavikova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Zdislava Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
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136
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Comparative transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle tissue during prenatal stages in Tongcheng and Yorkshire pig using RNA-seq. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:195-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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137
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Comprehensive transcriptional landscape of porcine cardiac and skeletal muscles reveals differences of aging. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1524-1541. [PMID: 29416711 PMCID: PMC5788579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging significantly affects the cardiac muscle (CM) and skeletal muscles (SM). Since the aging process of CM and SM may be different, high throughput RNA sequencing was performed using CM and SM in different age conditions to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), and circular (circRNA). Several mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were highly expressed and consistently appeared in both ages in one of the two muscle tissues. Gene ontology (GO) annotation described that these genes were required for maintaining normal biological functions of CM and SM tissues. Furthermore, 26 mRNAs, 4 lncRNAs, 22 miRNAs, and 26 circRNAs were differentially expressed during cardiac muscle aging. Moreover, 81 mRNAs, 5 lncRNAs, 79 miRNAs, and 62 circRNAs were differentially expressed during aging of skeletal muscle. When comparing the expression profiles of CM and SM during aging, the senescence process in CM and SM was found to be fundamentally different. In addition, we assessed multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression networks in muscular aging. In conclusion, our findings will contribute to the understanding of muscular aging and provide a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying muscular aging.
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138
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Evaluating the contribution of gut microbiome to the variance of porcine serum glucose and lipid concentration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14928. [PMID: 29097803 PMCID: PMC5668236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum glucose and lipids are important indicators for host metabolic condition. Interaction of host and gut microbes regulates the metabolism process. However, how much the gut microbiome contributes to the variance of serum glucose and lipids is largely unknown. Here we carried out a 16S rRNA gene based association study between cecum microbiome and the concentration of serum glucose and lipids in 240 Chinese Erhualian pigs. We identified tens of bacterial taxa associated with serum glucose and lipids. The butyrate-producing bacteria were significantly associated with serum glucose level. The pathogenic bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria showed significant associations with increased serum lipid levels, while the bacteria Lactobacillus and Bacilli had negative correlations with serum lipids. Cross-validation analysis revealed that 23.8% variation of serum glucose and 1.6%~6.0% variations of serum lipids were explained by gut microbiome. Furthermore, predicted function capacities related to nutrition intake, transport and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly associated with serum glucose level, while the pathways related to antioxidant metabolism and bile synthesis tended to be associated with serum lipid level. The results provide meaningful information to get insight into the effect of gut microbiome on serum glucose and lipid levels in pigs.
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139
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Darbellay J, Cox B, Lai K, Delgado-Ortega M, Wheler C, Wilson D, Walker S, Starrak G, Hockley D, Huang Y, Mutwiri G, Potter A, Gilmour M, Safronetz D, Gerdts V, Karniychuk U. Zika Virus Causes Persistent Infection in Porcine Conceptuses and may Impair Health in Offspring. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:73-86. [PMID: 29097124 PMCID: PMC5704061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women vary from the birth of asymptomatic offspring to abnormal development and severe brain lesions in fetuses and infants. There are concerns that offspring affected in utero and born without apparent symptoms may develop mental illnesses. Therefore, animal models are important to test interventions against in utero infection and health sequelae in symptomatic and likely more widespread asymptomatic offspring. To partially reproduce in utero infection in humans, we directly inoculated selected porcine conceptuses with ZIKV. Inoculation resulted in rapid trans-fetal infections, persistent infection in conceptuses, molecular pathology in fetal brains, fetal antibody and type I interferon responses. Offspring infected in utero showed ZIKV in their fetal membranes collected after birth. Some in utero affected piglets were small, depressed, had undersized brains, and showed seizures. Some piglets showed potentially increased activity. Our data suggest that porcine model of persistent in utero ZIKV infection has a strong potential for translational research and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Darbellay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mario Delgado-Ortega
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Colette Wheler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Donald Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Stewart Walker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gregory Starrak
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Duncan Hockley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - George Mutwiri
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Gilmour
- Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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140
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Lamby P, Jung F, Graf S, Schellenberg L, Falter J, Platz-da-Silva N, Schreml S, Prantl L, Franke RP, Jung EM. Effect of iodinated contrast media on renal perfusion: A randomized comparison study in pigs using quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Sci Rep 2017; 7:13125. [PMID: 29030579 PMCID: PMC5640687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) can cause microcirculatory disorder leading to acute renal dysfunction. In a prospective, randomized investigation two CM (Iodixanol vs Iopromide) were compared in 16 pigs. Each animal received 10 intra-aortal injections (5 ml Iodixanol or 4.32 ml Iopromide). Microcirculation was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) directly on the kidney surface using time-to-peak (TTP) and blood-volume-analysis. Macroscopic observations were documented. Post mortem residual CM distribution in the kidneys was detected using X-ray. TTP was significantly prolonged over the descending vasa recta of the Iopromide group. This coincided with a visible marble-like pattern on the kidney surface occurring in 30 out of 80 Iopromide-injections but in 4 out of 80 Iodixanol-injections (p = 0.007). The blood volume over the entire kidney did not change after Iodixanol-application, but decreased by about 6.1% after Iopromide-application. The regional blood volume in the renal cortex showed a tendency to decrease by about 13.5% (p = 0.094) after Iodixanol-application, and clearly decreased by about 31.7% (p = 0.022) after Iopromide-application. The study revealed a consistent influence of repeated injections of two different CM on the kidney perfusion using three different imaging methods (CEUS analysis, macroscopic observation and X-ray analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lamby
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Stefanie Graf
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lotte Schellenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Falter
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Platz-da-Silva
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf P Franke
- Central Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ernst M Jung
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Schuldenzucker V, Schubert R, Muratori LM, Freisfeld F, Rieke L, Matheis T, Schramke S, Motlik J, Kemper N, Radespiel U, Reilmann R. Behavioral testing of minipigs transgenic for the Huntington gene-A three-year observational study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185970. [PMID: 29016656 PMCID: PMC5633197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large animal models of Huntington's disease (HD) may increase the reliability of translating preclinical findings to humans. Long live expectancy offers opportunities particularly for disease modifying approaches, but also challenges. The transgenic (tg) HD minipig model assessed in this study exhibits a high genetic homology with humans, similar body weight, and comparable brain structures. To test long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of novel therapeutic approaches in this model reliable assessments applicable longitudinally for several years are warranted for all phenotypical domains relevant in HD. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the tests proposed assessing motor, cognitive and behavioral domains can be applied repetitively over a 3-year period in minipigs with acceptable variability or learning effects and whether tgHD minipigs reveal changes in these domains compared to wildtype (wt) minipigs suggesting the development of an HD phenotype. METHODS A cohort of 14 tgHD and 18 wt minipigs was followed for three years. Tests applied every six months included a tongue coordination and hurdle test for the motor domain, a color discrimination test for cognition, and a dominance test for assessing behavior. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated ANOVA for longitudinal group comparisons and Wilcoxon-tests for intra-visit differences between tgHD and wt minipigs. RESULTS All tests applied demonstrated feasibility, acceptable variance and good consistency during the three-year period. No significant differences between tgHD and wt minipigs were detected suggesting lack of a phenotype before the age of four years. CONCLUSIONS The assessment battery presented offers measures in all domains relevant for HD and can be applied in long-term phenotyping studies with tgHD minipigs. The observation of this cohort should be continued to explore the timeline of phenotype development and provide information for future interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schuldenzucker
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robin Schubert
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Muratori
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Frauke Freisfeld
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lorena Rieke
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamara Matheis
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Schramke
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute of Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Radespiel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Reilmann
- George-Huntington-Institute, Technology-Park, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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142
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Systematic Identification and Molecular Characteristics of Long Noncoding RNAs in Pig Tissues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6152582. [PMID: 29062838 PMCID: PMC5618743 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6152582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding RNAs that are involved in a variety of biological processes. The pig is an important farm animal and an ideal biomedical model. In this study, we performed a genome-wide scan for lncRNAs in multiple tissue types from pigs. A total of 118 million paired-end 90 nt clean reads were obtained via strand-specific RNA sequencing, 80.4% of which were aligned to the pig reference genome. We developed a stringent bioinformatics pipeline to identify 2,139 high-quality multiexonic lncRNAs. The characteristic analysis revealed that the novel lncRNAs showed relatively shorter transcript length, fewer exons, and lower expression levels in comparison with protein-coding genes (PCGs). The guanine-cytosine (GC) content of the protein-coding exons and introns was significantly higher than that of the lncRNAs. Moreover, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density of lncRNAs was significantly higher than that of PCGs. Conservation analysis revealed that most lncRNAs were evolutionarily conserved among pigs, humans, and mice, such as CUFF.253988.1, which shares homology with human long noncoding RNA MALAT1. The findings of our study significantly increase the number of known lncRNAs in pigs.
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143
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Diurnal variations in iron concentrations and expression of genes involved in iron absorption and metabolism in pigs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1210-1214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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144
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Physician-Directed Versus Computerized Closed-Loop Control of Blood Pressure Using Phenylephrine in a Swine Model. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:110-116. [PMID: 28368937 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasopressors provide a rapid and effective approach to correct hypotension in the perioperative setting. Our group developed a closed-loop control (CLC) system that titrates phenylephrine (PHP) based on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) during general anesthesia. As a means of evaluating system competence, we compared the performance of the automated CLC with physicians. We hypothesized that our CLC algorithm more effectively maintains blood pressure at a specified target with less blood pressure variability and reduces the dose of PHP required. METHODS In a crossover study design, 6 swine under general anesthesia were subjected to a normovolemic hypotensive challenge induced by sodium nitroprusside. The physicians (MD) manually changed the PHP infusion rate, and the CLC system performed this task autonomously, adjusted every 3 seconds to achieve a predetermined MAP. RESULTS The CLC maintained MAP within 5 mm Hg of the target for (mean ± standard deviation) 93.5% ± 3.9% of the time versus 72.4% ± 26.8% for the MD treatment (P = .054). The mean (standard deviation) percentage of time that the CLC and MD interventions were above target range was 2.1% ± 3.3% and 25.8% ± 27.4% (P = .06), respectively. Control statistics, performance error, median performance error, and median absolute performance error were not different between CLC and MD interventions. PHP infusion rate adjustments by the physician were performed 12 to 80 times in individual studies over a 60-minute period. The total dose of PHP used was not different between the 2 interventions. CONCLUSIONS The CLC system performed as well as an anesthesiologist totally focused on MAP control by infusing PHP. Computerized CLC infusion of PHP provided tight blood pressure control under conditions of experimental vasodilation.
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Ramos L, Obregon-Henao A, Henao-Tamayo M, Bowen R, Lunney JK, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. The minipig as an animal model to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and natural transmission. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 106:91-98. [PMID: 28802411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In endemic countries more than 20% of tuberculosis (TB) cases are in infants and children. Current animal models study TB during adulthood but animal models for infant TB are scarce. Here we propose that minipigs can be used as an animal model to study adult, adolescent and infant TB including natural transmission. In these studies, two-month old minipigs (representing infant age in humans) and six-month old minipigs (representing adolescence in humans) were infected via the aerosol route with hyper-virulent clinical strain W-Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) HN878 and were monitored for 11 or 36 weeks post-challenge, respectively. In the same studies, infected and unchallenged animals were housed together. Viable bacteria were recovered from pulmonary and thoracic lymph nodes from both -infected and their initially unchallenged natural contacts. Bacillary load, gross lesions and histopathology revealed similarities to the spectrum of disease observed in human TB. The study did not reach terminal end point, thus it was not possible to annotate definitive clinical symptoms of active TB. The results demonstrated that minipigs are experimental hosts of Mtb HN878, and the pathology developed in their lungs resembles pathological findings described in human TB. Importantly, within communities of Mtb infected minipigs natural transmission occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laylaa Ramos
- Cell and Molecular Biology Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andres Obregon-Henao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1682, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1682, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1682, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Building 1040, Room 103, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1682, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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146
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Swine models, genomic tools and services to enhance our understanding of human health and diseases. Lab Anim (NY) 2017; 46:167-172. [PMID: 28328880 PMCID: PMC7091812 DOI: 10.1038/laban.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pig is becoming increasingly important as a biomedical model. Given the similarities between pigs and humans, a greater understanding of the underlying biology of human health and diseases may come from the pig rather than from classical rodent models. With an increasing need for swine models, it is essential that the genomic tools, models and services be readily available to the scientific community. Many of these are available through the National Swine Resource and Research Center (NSRRC), a facility funded by the US National Institutes of Health at the University of Missouri. The goal of the NSRRC is to provide high-quality biomedical swine models to the scientific community.
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147
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Berthelsen MF, Callesen MM, Østergaard TS, Liu Y, Li R, Callesen H, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Jakobsen JE, Thomsen MK. Pancreas specific expression of oncogenes in a porcine model. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:603-612. [PMID: 28664456 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading course of cancer death and early detection of the disease is crucial for successful treatment. However, pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect in its earliest stages and once symptoms appear, the cancer has often progressed beyond possibility for curing. Research into the disease has been hampered by the lack of good models. We have generated a porcine model of pancreatic cancer with use of transgenic overexpression of an oncogene cassette containing MYC, KRAS G12D and SV40 LT. The expression was initiated from a modified Pdx-1 promoter during embryogenesis in a subset of pancreatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, cells expressing the oncogenes also expressed a yellow fluorescent protein (mVenus) and an inducible negative regulator protein (rtTR-KRAB). Cells where the Pdx-1 promoter had not been activated, expressed a red fluorescent protein (Katushka). In vitro analyses of cells obtained from the transgenic pigs showed increased proliferation and expression of the transgenes when activated. Induction of the repressor protein eliminated the oncogene expression and decreased cell proliferation. In vivo analysis identified foci of pancreatic cells expressing the oncogenes at day zero post farrowing. These populations expanded and formed hyperplastic foci, with beginning abnormality at day 45. Cells in the foci expressed the oncogenic proteins and the majority of the cells were positive for the proliferation marker, Ki67. We predict that this model could be used for advanced studies in pancreatic cancer in a large animal model with focus on early detection, treatment, and identification of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten M Callesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tanja S Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jannik E Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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148
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Whitaker EE, Zheng CZ, Bissonnette B, Miller AD, Koppert TL, Tobias JD, Pierson CR, Christofi FL. Use of a Piglet Model for the Study of Anesthetic-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity (AIDN): A Translational Neuroscience Approach. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654034 PMCID: PMC5608378 DOI: 10.3791/55193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia cannot be avoided in many cases when surgery is required, particularly in children. Recent investigations in animals have raised concerns that anesthesia exposure may lead to neuronal apoptosis, known as anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity (AIDN). Furthermore, some clinical studies in children have suggested that anesthesia exposure may lead to neurodevelopmental deficits later in life. Nonetheless, an ideal animal model for preclinical study has yet to be developed. The neonatal piglet represents a valuable model for preclinical study, as they share a striking number of developmental similarities with humans. The anatomy and physiology of piglets allow for implementation of rigorous human perioperative conditions in both survival and non-survival procedures. Femoral artery catheterization allows for close monitoring, thus enabling prompt correction of any deviation of the piglet's vital signs and chemistries. In addition, there are multiple developmental similarities between piglets and human neonates. The techniques required to use piglets for experimentation will require experience to master. A pediatric anesthesiologist is a critical member of the investigative team. We describe, in a general sense, the appropriate use of a piglet model for neurodevelopmental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmett E Whitaker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital;
| | | | - Bruno Bissonnette
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Tanner L Koppert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Joseph D Tobias
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital
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Bergen WG, Brandebourg TD. Regulation of lipid deposition in farm animals: Parallels between agriculture and human physiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 241:1272-80. [PMID: 27302175 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, clinically oriented scientists and animal scientists have focused on lipid metabolism and fat deposition in various fat depots. While dealing with a common biology across species, the goals of biomedical and food animals lipid metabolism research differ in emphasis. In humans, mechanisms and regulation of fat synthesis, accumulation of fat in regional fat depots, lipid metabolism and dysmetabolism in adipose, liver and cardiac tissues have been investigated. Further, energy balance and weight control have also been extensively explored in humans. Finally, obesity and associated maladies including high cholesterol and atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and health outcomes have been widely studied. In food animals, the emphasis has been on regulation of fatty acid synthesis and lipid deposition in fat depots and deposition of intramuscular fat. For humans, understanding the regulation of energy balance and body weight and of prevention or treatment of obesity and associated maladies have been important clinical outcomes. In production of food animals lowering fat content in muscle foods while enhancing intramuscular fat (marbling) have been major targets. In this review, we summarize how our laboratories have addressed the goal of providing lean but yet tasty and juicy muscle food products to consumers. In addition, we here describe efforts in the development of a new porcine model to study regulation of fat metabolism and obesity. Commonalities and differences in regulation of lipid metabolism between humans, rodents and food animals are emphasized throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Bergen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, AL 36849-1554, USA
| | - Terry D Brandebourg
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, AL 36849-1554, USA
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150
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Frederiksen SD, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Pant SD, Guerin M, Lesnik P, Jørgensen CB, Cirera S, Bruun CS, Mark T, Fredholm M. Haplotypes on pig chromosome 3 distinguish metabolically healthy from unhealthy obese individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178828. [PMID: 28570654 PMCID: PMC5453593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established a pig resource population specifically designed to elucidate the genetics involved in development of obesity and obesity related co-morbidities by crossing the obesity prone Göttingen Minipig breed with two lean production pig breeds. In this study we have performed genome wide association (GWA) to identify loci with effect on blood lipid levels. The most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses. Three separate haploblocks which influence the ratio between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (HDL-C/CT), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels respectively were identified on Sus Scrofa chromosome 3 (SSC3). Large additive genetic effects were found for the HDL-C/CT and LDL-C haplotypes. Haplotypes segregating from Göttingen Minipigs were shown to impose a positive effect on blood lipid levels. Thus, the genetic profile of the Göttingen Minipig breed seems to support a phenotype comparable to the metabolic healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D. Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sameer D. Pant
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM UMR_S1166, Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis Team, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM UMR_S1166, Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis Team, Paris, France
| | - Claus B. Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla S. Bruun
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mark
- Novo Nordisk, Scandinavia AB, Region Denmark, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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