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Silva P, Janjan N, Ramos KS, Udeani G, Zhong L, Ory MG, Smith ML. External control arms: COVID-19 reveals the merits of using real world evidence in real-time for clinical and public health investigations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1198088. [PMID: 37484840 PMCID: PMC10359981 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1198088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials are considered the 'gold standard' to reduce bias by randomizing patients to an experimental intervention, versus placebo or standard of care cohort. There are inherent challenges to enrolling a standard of care or cohorts: costs, site engagement logistics, socioeconomic variability, patient willingness, ethics of placebo interventions, cannibalizing the treatment arm population, and extending study duration. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified aspects of constraints in trial recruitment and logistics, spurring innovative approaches to reducing trial sizes, accelerating trial accrual while preserving statistical rigor. Using data from medical records and databases allows for construction of external control arms that reduce the costs of an external control arm (ECA) randomized to standard of care. Simultaneously examining covariates of the clinical outcomes in ECAs that are being measured in the interventional arm can be particularly useful in phase 2 trials to better understand social and genetic determinants of clinical outcomes that might inform pivotal trial design. The FDA and EMA have promulgated a number of publicly available guidance documents and qualification reports that inform the use of this regulatory science tool to streamline clinical development, of phase 4 surveillance, and policy aspects of clinical outcomes research. Availability and quality of real-world data (RWD) are a prevalent impediment to the use of ECAs given such data is not collected with the rigor and deliberateness that characterizes prospective interventional control arm data. Conversely, in the case of contemporary control arms, a clinical trial outcome can be compared to a contemporary standard of care in cases where the standard of care is evolving at a fast pace, such as the use of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer care. Innovative statistical methods are an essential aspect of an ECA strategy and regulatory paths for these innovative approaches have been navigated, qualified, and in some cases published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Silva
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nora Janjan
- Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - George Udeani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lixian Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marcia G. Ory
- Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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102
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Chang L, Zhou G, Xia J. mGWAS-Explorer 2.0: Causal Analysis and Interpretation of Metabolite-Phenotype Associations. Metabolites 2023; 13:826. [PMID: 37512533 PMCID: PMC10384390 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics-based genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) are key to understanding the genetic regulations of metabolites in complex phenotypes. We previously developed mGWAS-Explorer 1.0 to link single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), metabolites, genes and phenotypes for hypothesis generation. It has become clear that identifying potential causal relationships between metabolites and phenotypes, as well as providing deep functional insights, are crucial for further downstream applications. Here, we introduce mGWAS-Explorer 2.0 to support the causal analysis between >4000 metabolites and various phenotypes. The results can be interpreted within the context of semantic triples and molecular quantitative trait loci (QTL) data. The underlying R package is released for reproducible analysis. Using two case studies, we demonstrate that mGWAS-Explorer 2.0 is able to detect potential causal relationships between arachidonic acid and Crohn's disease, as well as between glycine and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Guangyan Zhou
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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103
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Langenberg C, Hingorani AD, Whitty CJM. Biological and functional multimorbidity-from mechanisms to management. Nat Med 2023; 29:1649-1657. [PMID: 37464031 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the number of people with multiple co-occurring diseases will increase substantially over the coming decades, with important consequences for patients, carers, healthcare systems and society. Addressing this challenge requires a shift in the prevailing clinical, educational and scientific thinking and organization-with a strong emphasis on the maintenance of generalist skills to balance the specialization trends of medical education and research. Multimorbidity is not a single entity but differs quantitively and qualitatively across life stages, ethnicities, sexes, socioeconomic groups and geographies. Data-driven science that quantifies the impact of disease co-occurrence-beyond the small number of currently well-studied long-term conditions (such as cardiometabolic diseases)-can help illuminate the pathological diversity of multimorbidity and identify common, mechanistically related, and prognostically relevant clusters. Broader access to data opportunities across modalities and disciplines will catalyze vertical and horizontal integration of multimorbidity research, to enable reconfiguring of medical services, clinical trials, guidelines and research in a way that accounts for the complexity of multimorbidity-and provides efficient, joined-up services for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Langenberg
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Christopher J M Whitty
- Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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104
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Noordam R, Brochard TA, Drewes YM, Gussekloo J, Mooijaart SP, Willems van Dijk K, Trompet S, Jukema JW, van Heemst D. Cardiovascular risk factors and major recurrent coronary events: A genetic liability study in patients with coronary artery disease in the UK Biobank. Atherosclerosis 2023; 376:19-25. [PMID: 37257353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mendelian randomization confirmed multiple risk factors for primary events of coronary artery disease (CAD), but no such studies have been performed on recurrent major coronary events despite interesting insights derived from other designs. We examined the associations between genetically-influenced classical cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of recurrent major coronary events in a cohort of CAD patients. METHODS We included all first-time CAD cases (defined as angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease or acute myocardial infarction) of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Cases were followed till the end of follow-up, death or when they developed a recurrent major coronary event (chronic ischemic heart disease or acute myocardial infarction). Standardized weighted genetic risk scores were calculated for body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS From a total of 22,949 CAD patients (mean age at first diagnosis 59.8 (SD 7.3) years, 71.1% men), 12,539 (54.6%) reported a recurrent major coronary event within a period of maximum 17.8 years. One standard deviation higher genetically-determined LDL cholesterol was associated with a higher risk of a recurrent major coronary event (odds ratio: 1.08 [95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.11]). No associations were observed for genetically-influenced BMI (1.00 [0.98, 1.03]), systolic blood pressure (1.01 [0.98, 1.03]) and triglycerides (1.02 [0.995, 1.05]). CONCLUSIONS Despite the use risk-reducing medications following a first coronary event, this study provided genetic evidence that, of the classical risk factors, mainly high LDL cholesterol was associated with a higher risk of developing recurrent major coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Ag Brochard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Drewes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Martinello C, Panza E, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegias proteome: common pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:171-188. [PMID: 37788157 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. These conditions are caused by lesions in the neuronal pyramidal tract and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of HSP onset, which ultimately lead to neuronal degeneration. Key molecular mechanisms involved include axonal transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, myelination abnormalities, membrane trafficking, organelle morphogenesis, ER homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy deregulation. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the shared pathogenetic mechanisms in various forms of HSPs. By examining disease-causing gene products and their associated functional pathways, this understanding could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of treatments to modify the progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Investigating gene functionality is crucial for identifying shared pathogenetic pathways underlying different HSP subtypes. Categorizing protein function and identifying pathways aids in finding biomarkers, predicting early onset, and guiding treatment for a better quality of life. Targeting shared mechanisms enables efficient and cost-effective therapies. Prospects involve identifying new disease-causing genes, refining molecular processes, and implementing findings in diagnosis, key for advancing HSP understanding and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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106
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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107
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Zuo Y, He Z, Chen Y, Dai L. Dual role of ANGPTL4 in inflammation. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01753-9. [PMID: 37300585 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) belongs to the angiopoietin-like protein family and mediates the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity. Emerging evidence suggests that ANGPTL4 has pleiotropic functions with anti- and pro-inflammatory properties. METHODS A thorough search on PubMed related to ANGPTL4 and inflammation was performed. RESULTS Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 can significantly reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease and diabetes. However, antibodies against ANGPTL4 result in several undesirable effects in mice or monkeys, such as lymphadenopathy and ascites. Based on the research progress on ANGPTL4, we systematically discussed the dual role of ANGPTL4 in inflammation and inflammatory diseases (lung injury, pancreatitis, heart diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, skin diseases, metabolism, periodontitis, and osteolytic diseases). This may be attributed to several factors, including post-translational modification, cleavage and oligomerization, and subcellular localization. CONCLUSION Understanding the potential underlying mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in inflammation in different tissues and diseases will aid in drug discovery and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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108
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Baptista LS, Silva KR, Jobeili L, Guillot L, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Unraveling White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity and Obesity by Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Biology and 3D Culture Models. Cells 2023; 12:1583. [PMID: 37371053 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune and endocrine dysfunctions of white adipose tissue are a hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In humans, white adipose tissue comprises distinct depots broadly distributed under the skin (hypodermis) and as internal depots (visceral). Depot-specific ASCs could account for visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue properties, by regulating adipogenesis and immunomodulation. More importantly, visceral and subcutaneous depots account for distinct contributions to obesity and its metabolic comorbidities. Recently, distinct ASCs subpopulations were also described in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, the superficial layer closer to the dermis shows hyperplastic and angiogenic capacities, whereas the deep layer is considered as having inflammatory properties similar to visceral. The aim of this focus review is to bring the light of recent discoveries into white adipose tissue heterogeneity together with the biology of distinct ASCs subpopulations and to explore adipose tissue 3D models revealing their advantages, disadvantages, and contributions to elucidate the role of ASCs in obesity development. Recent advances in adipose tissue organoids opened an avenue of possibilities to recreate the main cellular and molecular events of obesity leading to a deep understanding of this inflammatory disease besides contributing to drug discovery. Furthermore, 3D organ-on-a-chip will add reproducibility to these adipose tissue models contributing to their translation to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra S Baptista
- Numpex-bio, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 25240005, Brazil
| | - Karina R Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550900, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940070, Brazil
| | - Lara Jobeili
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lucile Guillot
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 21300 Chenôve, France
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
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Schlosser P, Scherer N, Grundner-Culemann F, Monteiro-Martins S, Haug S, Steinbrenner I, Uluvar B, Wuttke M, Cheng Y, Ekici AB, Gyimesi G, Karoly ED, Kotsis F, Mielke J, Gomez MF, Yu B, Grams ME, Coresh J, Boerwinkle E, Köttgen M, Kronenberg F, Meiselbach H, Mohney RP, Akilesh S, Schmidts M, Hediger MA, Schultheiss UT, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ, Sekula P, Li Y, Köttgen A. Genetic studies of paired metabolomes reveal enzymatic and transport processes at the interface of plasma and urine. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01409-8. [PMID: 37277652 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys operate at the interface of plasma and urine by clearing molecular waste products while retaining valuable solutes. Genetic studies of paired plasma and urine metabolomes may identify underlying processes. We conducted genome-wide studies of 1,916 plasma and urine metabolites and detected 1,299 significant associations. Associations with 40% of implicated metabolites would have been missed by studying plasma alone. We detected urine-specific findings that provide information about metabolite reabsorption in the kidney, such as aquaporin (AQP)-7-mediated glycerol transport, and different metabolomic footprints of kidney-expressed proteins in plasma and urine that are consistent with their localization and function, including the transporters NaDC3 (SLC13A3) and ASBT (SLC10A2). Shared genetic determinants of 7,073 metabolite-disease combinations represent a resource to better understand metabolic diseases and revealed connections of dipeptidase 1 with circulating digestive enzymes and with hypertension. Extending genetic studies of the metabolome beyond plasma yields unique insights into processes at the interface of body compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schlosser
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nora Scherer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundner-Culemann
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Monteiro-Martins
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Haug
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burulça Uluvar
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yurong Cheng
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gergely Gyimesi
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Mielke
- Research and Early Development, Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bing Yu
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan E Grams
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Köttgen
- Department of Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Sekula
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Qin S, You P, Yu H, Su B. REEP1 Preserves Motor Function in SOD1 G93A Mice by Improving Mitochondrial Function via Interaction with NDUFA4. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:929-946. [PMID: 36520405 PMCID: PMC10264344 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in the activities of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes has been consistently reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and animal models of ALS, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we report that receptor expression enhancing protein 1 (REEP1) acts as an important regulator of complex IV assembly, which is pivotal to preserving motor neurons in SOD1G93A mice. We found the expression of REEP1 was greatly reduced in transgenic SOD1G93A mice with ALS. Moreover, forced expression of REEP1 in the spinal cord extended the lifespan, decelerated symptom progression, and improved the motor performance of SOD1G93A mice. The neuromuscular synaptic loss, gliosis, and even motor neuron loss in SOD1G93A mice were alleviated by increased REEP1 through augmentation of mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, REEP1 associates with NDUFA4, and plays an important role in preserving the integrity of mitochondrial complex IV. Our findings offer insights into the pathogenic mechanism of REEP1 deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases and suggest a new therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Pan You
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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111
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Feofanova EV, Brown MR, Alkis T, Manuel AM, Li X, Tahir UA, Li Z, Mendez KM, Kelly RS, Qi Q, Chen H, Larson MG, Lemaitre RN, Morrison AC, Grieser C, Wong KE, Gerszten RE, Zhao Z, Lasky-Su J, Yu B. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Human Metabolome in Multi-Ethnic Populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3111. [PMID: 37253714 PMCID: PMC10229598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating metabolite levels may reflect the state of the human organism in health and disease, however, the genetic architecture of metabolites is not fully understood. We have performed a whole-genome sequencing association analysis of both common and rare variants in up to 11,840 multi-ethnic participants from five studies with up to 1666 circulating metabolites. We have discovered 1985 novel variant-metabolite associations, and validated 761 locus-metabolite associations reported previously. Seventy-nine novel variant-metabolite associations have been replicated, including three genetic loci located on the X chromosome that have demonstrated its involvement in metabolic regulation. Gene-based analysis have provided further support for seven metabolite-replicated loci pairs and their biologically plausible genes. Among those novel replicated variant-metabolite pairs, follow-up analyses have revealed that 26 metabolites have colocalized with 21 tissues, seven metabolite-disease outcome associations have been putatively causal, and 7 metabolites might be regulated by plasma protein levels. Our results have depicted the genetic contribution to circulating metabolite levels, providing additional insights into understanding human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taryn Alkis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Astrid M Manuel
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin M Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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112
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Slieker RC, Donnelly LA, Akalestou E, Lopez-Noriega L, Melhem R, Güneş A, Abou Azar F, Efanov A, Georgiadou E, Muniangi-Muhitu H, Sheikh M, Giordano GN, Åkerlund M, Ahlqvist E, Ali A, Banasik K, Brunak S, Barovic M, Bouland GA, Burdet F, Canouil M, Dragan I, Elders PJM, Fernandez C, Festa A, Fitipaldi H, Froguel P, Gudmundsdottir V, Gudnason V, Gerl MJ, van der Heijden AA, Jennings LL, Hansen MK, Kim M, Leclerc I, Klose C, Kuznetsov D, Mansour Aly D, Mehl F, Marek D, Melander O, Niknejad A, Ottosson F, Pavo I, Duffin K, Syed SK, Shaw JL, Cabrera O, Pullen TJ, Simons K, Solimena M, Suvitaival T, Wretlind A, Rossing P, Lyssenko V, Legido Quigley C, Groop L, Thorens B, Franks PW, Lim GE, Estall J, Ibberson M, Beulens JWJ, 't Hart LM, Pearson ER, Rutter GA. Identification of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2533. [PMID: 37137910 PMCID: PMC10156700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify biomarkers for disease progression in three type 2 diabetes cohorts encompassing 2,973 individuals across three molecular classes, metabolites, lipids and proteins. Homocitrulline, isoleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid, eight triacylglycerol species, and lowered sphingomyelin 42:2;2 levels are predictive of faster progression towards insulin requirement. Of ~1,300 proteins examined in two cohorts, levels of GDF15/MIC-1, IL-18Ra, CRELD1, NogoR, FAS, and ENPP7 are associated with faster progression, whilst SMAC/DIABLO, SPOCK1 and HEMK2 predict lower progression rates. In an external replication, proteins and lipids are associated with diabetes incidence and prevalence. NogoR/RTN4R injection improved glucose tolerance in high fat-fed male mice but impaired it in male db/db mice. High NogoR levels led to islet cell apoptosis, and IL-18R antagonised inflammatory IL-18 signalling towards nuclear factor kappa-B in vitro. This comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach thus identifies biomarkers with potential prognostic utility, provides evidence for possible disease mechanisms, and identifies potential therapeutic avenues to slow diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise A Donnelly
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Melhem
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- IRCM and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hermine Muniangi-Muhitu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Sheikh
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mikael Åkerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marko Barovic
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerard A Bouland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Burdet
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Iulian Dragan
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Festa
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- 1st Medical Department, LK Stockerau, Niederösterreich, Austria
| | - Hugo Fitipaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Phillippe Froguel
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Amber A van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dmitry Kuznetsov
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diana Marek
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anne Niknejad
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Samreen K Syed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Janice L Shaw
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Over Cabrera
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Guy's Campus King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cristina Legido Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gareth E Lim
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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113
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Farese RV, Walther TC. Glycerolipid Synthesis and Lipid Droplet Formation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041246. [PMID: 36096640 PMCID: PMC10153804 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 60 years ago, Eugene Kennedy and coworkers elucidated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based pathways of glycerolipid synthesis, including the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerols (TGs). The reactions of the Kennedy pathway were identified by studying the conversion of lipid intermediates and the isolation of biochemical enzymatic activities, but the molecular basis for most of these reactions was unknown. With recent progress in the cell biology, biochemistry, and structural biology in this area, we have a much more mechanistic understanding of this pathway and its reactions. In this review, we provide an overview of molecular aspects of glycerolipid synthesis, focusing on recent insights into the synthesis of TGs. Further, we go beyond the Kennedy pathway to describe the mechanisms for storage of TG in cytosolic lipid droplets and discuss how overwhelming these pathways leads to ER stress and cellular toxicity, as seen in diseases linked to lipid overload and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Farese
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Causes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CAP-CVD), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Causes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CAP-CVD), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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114
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Kumari A, Grønnemose AL, Kristensen KK, Winther AML, Young SG, Jørgensen TJD, Ploug M. Inverse effects of APOC2 and ANGPTL4 on the conformational dynamics of lid-anchoring structures in lipoprotein lipase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221888120. [PMID: 37094117 PMCID: PMC10160976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221888120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is crucial for the delivery of dietary lipids to the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. The processing of TRLs by LPL is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by a complex interplay between activators and inhibitors. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) inhibits LPL by reducing its thermal stability and catalyzing the irreversible unfolding of LPL's α/β-hydrolase domain. We previously mapped the ANGPTL4 binding site on LPL and defined the downstream unfolding events resulting in LPL inactivation. The binding of LPL to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 protects against LPL unfolding. The binding site on LPL for an activating cofactor, apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), and the mechanisms by which APOC2 activates LPL have been unclear and controversial. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange/mass spectrometry, we now show that APOC2's C-terminal α-helix binds to regions of LPL surrounding the catalytic pocket. Remarkably, APOC2's binding site on LPL overlaps with that for ANGPTL4, but their effects on LPL conformation are distinct. In contrast to ANGPTL4, APOC2 increases the thermal stability of LPL and protects it from unfolding. Also, the regions of LPL that anchor the lid are stabilized by APOC2 but destabilized by ANGPTL4, providing a plausible explanation for why APOC2 is an activator of LPL, while ANGPTL4 is an inhibitor. Our studies provide fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms by which APOC2 binds and stabilizes LPL-and properties that we suspect are relevant to the conformational gating of LPL's active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Kumari
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Louise Grønnemose
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK–5320Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian K. Kristensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie L. Winther
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Thomas J. D. Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK–5320Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
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115
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Yuan S, Merino J, Larsson SC. Causal factors underlying diabetes risk informed by Mendelian randomisation analysis: evidence, opportunities and challenges. Diabetologia 2023; 66:800-812. [PMID: 36786839 PMCID: PMC10036461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications cause a heavy disease burden globally. Identifying exposures, risk factors and molecular processes causally associated with the development of diabetes can provide important evidence bases for disease prevention and spur novel therapeutic strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR), an epidemiological approach that uses genetic instruments to infer causal associations between an exposure and an outcome, can be leveraged to complement evidence from observational and clinical studies. This narrative review aims to summarise the evidence on potential causal risk factors for diabetes by integrating published MR studies on type 1 and 2 diabetes, and to reflect on future perspectives of MR studies on diabetes. Despite the genetic influence on type 1 diabetes, few MR studies have been conducted to identify causal exposures or molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. In type 2 diabetes, MR analyses support causal associations of somatic, mental and lifestyle factors with development of the disease. These studies have also identified biomarkers, some of them derived from the gut microbiota, and molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. These studies provide valuable data to better understand disease pathophysiology and explore potential therapeutic targets. Because genetic association studies have mostly been restricted to participants of European descent, multi-ancestry cohorts are needed to examine the role of different types of physical activity, dietary components, metabolites, protein biomarkers and gut microbiome in diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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116
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Gomes D, Sobolewski C, Conzelmann S, Schaer T, Lefai E, Alfaiate D, Tseligka ED, Goossens N, Tapparel C, Negro F, Foti M, Clément S. ANGPTL4 is a potential driver of HCV-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6767. [PMID: 37185283 PMCID: PMC10130097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, including both hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Here, we aimed at identifying liver-derived factor(s) potentially inducing peripheral IR and uncovering the mechanisms whereby HCV can regulate the action of these factors. We found ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin Like 4) mRNA expression levels to positively correlate with HCV RNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.03) and HOMA-IR score (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) in liver biopsies of lean CHC patients. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression in two models recapitulating HCV-induced peripheral IR, i.e. mice expressing core protein of HCV genotype 3a (HCV-3a core) in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells transduced with HCV-3a core. Treatment of differentiated myocytes with recombinant ANGPTL4 reduced insulin-induced Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, conditioned medium from ANGPTL4-KO hepatoma cells prevented muscle cells from HCV-3a core induced IR. Treatment of HCV-3a core expressing HepG2 cells with PPARγ antagonist resulted in a decrease of HCV-core induced ANGPTL4 upregulation. Together, our data identified ANGPTL4 as a potential driver of HCV-induced IR and may provide working hypotheses aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of IR in the setting of other chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, University Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Conzelmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tifany Schaer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mulder J, Teerenstra S, van Hennik PB, Pasmooij AMG, Stoyanova-Beninska V, Voest EE, de Boer A. Single-arm trials supporting the approval of anticancer medicinal products in the European Union: contextualization of trial results and observed clinical benefit. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101209. [PMID: 37054504 PMCID: PMC10163162 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-arm trials (SATs) can sometimes be used to support marketing authorization of anticancer medicinal products in the European Union. The level and durability of antitumor activity of the product as well as context are important aspects to determine the relevance of trial results. The aim of this study is to provide details on the contextualization of trial results and to evaluate the magnitude of benefit of medicinal products approved based on SATs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We focused on anticancer medicinal products for solid tumors approved on the basis of SAT results (2012-2021). Data were retrieved from European public assessment reports and/or published literature. The benefit of these medicinal products was evaluated via the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS). RESULTS Eighteen medicinal products were approved based on 21 SATs-few medicinal products were supported by >1 SAT. For the majority of clinical trials, a clinically relevant treatment effect was (pre)specified (71.4%) and most often an accompanying sample size calculation was provided. For 10 studies, each testing a different medicinal product, a justification for the threshold for a clinically relevant treatment effect could be identified. At least 12 out of 18 applications included information to facilitate the contextualization of trial results, including six supportive studies. Of the pivotal SATs analyzed (n = 21), three were assigned an ESMO-MCBS score of 4, which corresponds to 'substantial' benefit. CONCLUSIONS The clinical relevance of the treatment effects shown by medicinal products for solid tumors tested in SATs is dependent on the effect size and context. To better facilitate regulatory decision making, prespecifying and motivating a clinically relevant effect and aligning the sample size to that effect is important. External controls may facilitate in the contextualization process, but the associated limitations must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mulder
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Teerenstra
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department for Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P B van Hennik
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A M G Pasmooij
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - E E Voest
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A de Boer
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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118
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Gao M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:152. [PMID: 37037849 PMCID: PMC10086073 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Wang N, Yu B, Jun G, Qi Q, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Lindstrom S, Morrison AC, Kaplan RC, Boerwinkle E, Chen H. StocSum: stochastic summary statistics for whole genome sequencing studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535886. [PMID: 37066281 PMCID: PMC10104122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic summary statistics, usually defined as single-variant test results from genome-wide association studies, have been widely used to advance the genetics field in a wide range of applications. Applications that involve multiple genetic variants also require their correlations or linkage disequilibrium (LD) information, often obtained from an external reference panel. In practice, it is usually difficult to find suitable external reference panels that represent the LD structure for underrepresented and admixed populations, or rare genetic variants from whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies, limiting the scope of applications for genomic summary statistics. Here we introduce StocSum, a novel reference-panel-free statistical framework for generating, managing, and analyzing stochastic summary statistics using random vectors. We develop various downstream applications using StocSum including single-variant tests, conditional association tests, gene-environment interaction tests, variant set tests, as well as meta-analysis and LD score regression tools. We demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of StocSum using two cohorts from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program. StocSum will facilitate sharing and utilization of genomic summary statistics from WGS studies, especially for underrepresented and admixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Seo MW, Lee JM, Jung HC. Prevalence of combined metabolic health and weight status by various diagnosis criteria and association with cardiometabolic disease in Korean adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:137-143. [PMID: 37024380 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic disease prevalence and risk factors between individuals categorized as metabolically unhealthy and healthy (MU vs. MH), with normal-weight and obesity (Nw vs. Ob), according to different established criteria for combined metabolic health and weight status; and to assess the optimal metabolic health diagnostic classifications to predict cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Data were obtained from the 2019 and 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We applied the nine accepted metabolic health diagnostic classification criteria. Statistical analysis was applied to frequency, multiple logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. The prevalence of MHNw ranged from 24.6% to 53.9%, MUNw from 3.7% to 37.9%, MHOb from 3.4% to 25.9%, and MUOb from 16.3% to 39.1%. For hypertension, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 1.90 to 3.24 times compared with MHNw; MHOb ranged from 1.84 to 3.76 times; MUOb ranged from 4.18 to 6.97 times (all p < .05). For dyslipidemia, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 1.33 to 2.25 times compared with MHNw; MHOb ranged from 1.47 to 2.33 times; MUOb ranged from 2.31 to 2.67 times (all p < .05). For diabetes, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 2.27 to 11.93 times compared with MHNW; MHOb ranged from 1.36 to 1.95 times; MUOb ranged from 3.60 to 18.45 times (all p < .05). Our study findings revealed that AHA/NHLBI-02 and NCEP-02 can be the best diagnostic classifications criteria for cardiometabolic diseases risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports & Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea; Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea; Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea.
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121
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Gnatiuc Friedrichs L, Trichia E, Aguilar-Ramirez D, Preiss D. Metabolic profiling of MRI-measured liver fat in the UK Biobank. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1121-1132. [PMID: 36872307 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fat associates with obesity-related metabolic disturbances and may precede incident diseases. Metabolomic profiles of liver fat in the UK Biobank were investigated. METHODS Regression models assessed the associations between 180 metabolites and proton density liver fat fraction (PDFF) measured 5 years later through magnetic resonance imaging, as the difference (in SD units) of each log metabolite measure with 1-SD higher PDFF among those without chronic disease and not taking statins, and by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS After accounting for confounders, multiple metabolites were associated positively with liver fat (p < 0.0001 for 152 traits), particularly extremely large and very large lipoprotein particle concentrations, very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, small high-density lipoprotein particles, glycoprotein acetyls, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Extremely large and large high-density lipoprotein concentrations had strong inverse associations with liver fat. Associations were broadly comparable among those with versus without vascular metabolic conditions, although negative, rather than positive, associations were observed between intermediate-density and large low-density lipoprotein particles among those with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 , diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. Metabolite principal components showed a 15% significant improvement in risk prediction for PDFF relative to BMI, which was twice as great (but nonsignificant) compared with conventional high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Hazardous metabolomic profiles are associated with ectopic hepatic fat and are relevant to risk of vascular-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eirini Trichia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diego Aguilar-Ramirez
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Preiss
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Li Z, Zhang B, Liu Q, Tao Z, Ding L, Guo B, Zhang E, Zhang H, Meng Z, Guo S, Chen Y, Peng J, Li J, Wang C, Huang Y, Xu H, Wu Y. Genetic association of lipids and lipid-lowering drug target genes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104543. [PMID: 37002989 PMCID: PMC10070091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some observational studies found that dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and lipid-lowering drugs may lower NAFLD risk. However, it remains unclear whether dyslipidaemia is causative for NAFLD. This Mendelian randomisation (MR) study aimed to explore the causal role of lipid traits in NAFLD and evaluate the potential effect of lipid-lowering drug targets on NAFLD. METHODS Genetic variants associated with lipid traits and variants of genes encoding lipid-lowering drug targets were extracted from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS). Summary statistics for NAFLD were obtained from two independent GWAS datasets. Lipid-lowering drug targets that reached significance were further tested using expression quantitative trait loci data in relevant tissues. Colocalisation and mediation analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results and explore potential mediators. FINDINGS No significant effect of lipid traits and eight lipid-lowering drug targets on NAFLD risk was found. Genetic mimicry of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enhancement was associated with lower NAFLD risks in two independent datasets (OR1 = 0.60 [95% CI 0.50-0.72], p1 = 2.07 × 10-8; OR2 = 0.57 [95% CI 0.39-0.82], p2 = 3.00 × 10-3). A significant MR association (OR = 0.71 [95% CI, 0.58-0.87], p = 1.20 × 10-3) and strong colocalisation association (PP.H4 = 0.85) with NAFLD were observed for LPL expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Fasting insulin and type 2 diabetes mediated 7.40% and 9.15%, respectively, of the total effect of LPL on NAFLD risk. INTERPRETATION Our findings do not support dyslipidaemia as a causal factor for NAFLD. Among nine lipid-lowering drug targets, LPL is a promising candidate drug target in NAFLD. The mechanism of action of LPL in NAFLD may be independent of its lipid-lowering effects. FUNDING Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2022-4-4037). CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, grant number: 2021-I2M-C&T-A-010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihang Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third-Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the First-Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ruiz-Cortés M, Múzquiz-Barberá P, Herrero R, Vara MD, Escrivá-Martínez T, Carcelén R, Rodilla E, Baños RM, Lisón JF. How the Presence of a Doctor Known to Patients Impacts a Web-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Behaviour in Individuals with an Overweight/Obesity–Hypertension Phenotype: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071624. [PMID: 37049465 PMCID: PMC10097159 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The ‘Living Better’ web-based programme has shown short- and long-term benefits for body composition and psychological variables in obese patients with hypertension by promoting a healthier lifestyle. To further explore the potential of this programme, in this work we aimed to explore the possible effect of the patient’s ‘own doctor’ appearing in the video content of the Living Better intervention. (2) Methods: A total of 132 patients were randomly assigned either to the experimental (EG, n = 70) or control (CG, n = 62) group (with a doctor the patient knew as ‘their own’ or an ‘unknown doctor’, respectively). The body mass index (BMI), motivation towards physical activity (PA), PA levels, motivation to change one’s eating habits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and eating behaviour were all assessed and compared at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). (3) Results: The results of this study confirmed the positive effects of the Living Better programme on BMI and external eating style, with significant improvements in these variables in both groups. In addition, in the EG there was higher intrinsic motivation to change eating behaviour (mean difference of 0.9, 95% CI [0.1, 1.6], p = 0.032) and lower amotivation (mean difference of −0.6, 95% CI [−1.2, −0.1], p = 0.027) compared to the CG. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that the presence of the patients’ own doctor in the audiovisual content of the Living Better intervention did not have significant additional benefits in terms of BMI or external eating style. However, their presence did improve intrinsic motivation and amotivation related to eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz-Cortés
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Múzquiz-Barberá
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Teruel, Spain
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), CB06/03/0052, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Vara
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), CB06/03/0052, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), CB06/03/0052, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Carcelén
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodilla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit, Hospital Universitario de Sagunto, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa María Baños
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), CB06/03/0052, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), CB06/03/0052, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961369000 (ext. 64540)
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Baron C, Cherkaoui S, Therrien-Laperriere S, Ilboudo Y, Poujol R, Mehanna P, Garrett ME, Telen MJ, Ashley-Koch AE, Bartolucci P, Rioux JD, Lettre G, Des Rosiers C, Ruiz M, Hussin JG. Gene-metabolite annotation with shortest reactional distance enhances metabolite genome-wide association studies results. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533869. [PMID: 36993181 PMCID: PMC10055409 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies combining metabolomics and genetics, known as metabolite genome-wide association studies (mGWAS), have provided valuable insights into our understanding of the genetic control of metabolite levels. However, the biological interpretation of these associations remains challenging due to a lack of existing tools to annotate mGWAS gene-metabolite pairs beyond the use of conservative statistical significance threshold. Here, we computed the shortest reactional distance (SRD) based on the curated knowledge of the KEGG database to explore its utility in enhancing the biological interpretation of results from three independent mGWAS, including a case study on sickle cell disease patients. Results show that, in reported mGWAS pairs, there is an excess of small SRD values and that SRD values and p-values significantly correlate, even beyond the standard conservative thresholds. The added-value of SRD annotation is shown for identification of potential false negative hits, exemplified by the finding of gene-metabolite associations with SRD ≤1 that did not reach standard genome-wide significance cut-off. The wider use of this statistic as an mGWAS annotation would prevent the exclusion of biologically relevant associations and can also identify errors or gaps in current metabolic pathway databases. Our findings highlight the SRD metric as an objective, quantitative and easy-to-compute annotation for gene-metabolite pairs that can be used to integrate statistical evidence to biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cantin Baron
- Département de Biochimie et de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Cherkaoui
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Division of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yann Ilboudo
- Département de Biochimie et de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, APHP, Sickle cell referral center – UMGGR, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, IMRB, Laboratory of excellence LABEX, Créteil, France
| | - John D. Rioux
- Département de Biochimie et de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Département de Biochimie et de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie G. Hussin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Li H, Xie X, Liu H, Zhang L, Qiang D, Li L, He YT, Bai G. Analysis of protein expression changes in patients with prediabetes using proteomics approaches. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9448. [PMID: 36460301 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proteomics and metabolomics are widely used in the study of diabetes, but rarely in prediabetes research. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing proteomic changes at different stages of glucose metabolism. METHODS A total of 40 individuals undergoing routine physical health examinations between December 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled. Subjects were divided into four groups based on fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels: FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (group A); FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and <6.1 mmol/L (group B); FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L (group C); and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (group D). Each group had 10 cases. Sera from these 40 subjects were analyzed by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). LC/MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring mode was also performed for qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the differentially expressed metabolites. RESULTS A total of 202 differentially expressed proteins were screened and were identified as mainly secreted proteins. Comparing group A with group B, 32 proteins were up-regulated and 18 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group C, 24 proteins were up-regulated and 24 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group D, 19 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated. The fold change for up-regulated proteins was >1.2, p < 0.05, while the fold change for down-regulated proteins was <-1.2, p < 0.05. PLS-DA and OPLS-DA revealed 113 differentially expressed metabolites. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites of group A versus group B revealed that among the down-regulated differential proteins, transforming growth factor β-induced protein ig-h3 correlated negatively with metabolite L-saccharin, while among the up-regulated differential proteins, apolipoprotein C-IV correlated negatively with metabolite 3-methyloxindole. Among all differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins were associated with early initiation of chronic inflammation, including CD14 and CSF-1R, which were newly identified in the early onset of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Many proteins are differentially expressed between prediabetes and after T2DM diagnosis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. The expression level of CD14 was significantly up-regulated and that of CSF-1R was significantly down-regulated when FPG was ≥5.6 mmol/L, suggesting that CD14 and CSF-1R may be important markers for early-onset T2DM and may serve as new targets for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Ting He
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
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126
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Auwerx C, Sadler MC, Woh T, Reymond A, Kutalik Z, Porcu E. Exploiting the mediating role of the metabolome to unravel transcript-to-phenotype associations. eLife 2023; 12:81097. [PMID: 36891970 PMCID: PMC9998083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in identifying genetic variants associated with complex traits, understanding the mechanisms behind these statistical associations remains challenging. Several methods that integrate methylation, gene expression, and protein quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with GWAS data to determine their causal role in the path from genotype to phenotype have been proposed. Here, we developed and applied a multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to study how metabolites mediate the effect of gene expression on complex traits. We identified 216 transcript-metabolite-trait causal triplets involving 26 medically relevant phenotypes. Among these associations, 58% were missed by classical transcriptome-wide MR, which only uses gene expression and GWAS data. This allowed the identification of biologically relevant pathways, such as between ANKH and calcium levels mediated by citrate levels and SLC6A12 and serum creatinine through modulation of the levels of the renal osmolyte betaine. We show that the signals missed by transcriptome-wide MR are found, thanks to the increase in power conferred by integrating multiple omics layer. Simulation analyses show that with larger molecular QTL studies and in case of mediated effects, our multi-omics MR framework outperforms classical MR approaches designed to detect causal relationships between single molecular traits and complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Auwerx
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tristan Woh
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
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127
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Ren X, Jiang M, Ding P, Zhang X, Zhou X, Shen J, Liu D, Yan X, Ma Z. Ubiquitin-specific protease 28: the decipherment of its dual roles in cancer development. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 36879346 PMCID: PMC9990303 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As significant posttranslational modifications, ubiquitination and deubiquitination, whose balance is modulated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), can regulate many biological processes, such as controlling cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Belonging to DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) plays an essential role in turning over ubiquitination and then contributing to the stabilization of quantities of substrates, including several cancer-related proteins. In previous studies, USP28 has been demonstrated to participate in the progression of various cancers. Nevertheless, several reports have recently shown that in addition to promoting cancers, USP28 can also play an oncostatic role in some cancers. In this review, we summarize the correlation between USP28 and tumor behaviors. We initially give a brief introduction of the structure and related biological functions of USP28, and we then introduce some concrete substrates of USP28 and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, the regulation of the actions and expression of USP28 is also discussed. Moreover, we concentrate on the impacts of USP28 on diverse hallmarks of cancer and discuss whether USP28 can accelerate or inhibit tumor progression. Furthermore, clinical relevance, including impacting clinical prognosis, influencing therapy resistance and being the therapy target in some cancers, is depicted systematically. Thus, assistance may be given to future experimental designs by the information provided here, and the potential of targeting USP28 for cancer therapy is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Menglong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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128
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Huang M, Coral D, Ardalani H, Spegel P, Saadat A, Claussnitzer M, Mulder H, Franks PW, Kalamajski S. Identification of a weight loss-associated causal eQTL in MTIF3 and the effects of MTIF3 deficiency on human adipocyte function. eLife 2023; 12:84168. [PMID: 36876906 PMCID: PMC10023155 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation at the MTIF3 (Mitochondrial Translational Initiation Factor 3) locus has been robustly associated with obesity in humans, but the functional basis behind this association is not known. Here, we applied luciferase reporter assay to map potential functional variants in the haplotype block tagged by rs1885988 and used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the potential functional variants to confirm the regulatory effects on MTIF3 expression. We further conducted functional studies on MTIF3-deficient differentiated human white adipocyte cell line (hWAs-iCas9), generated through inducible expression of CRISPR-Cas9 combined with delivery of synthetic MTIF3-targeting guide RNA. We demonstrate that rs67785913-centered DNA fragment (in LD with rs1885988, r2 > 0.8) enhances transcription in a luciferase reporter assay, and CRISPR-Cas9-edited rs67785913 CTCT cells show significantly higher MTIF3 expression than rs67785913 CT cells. Perturbed MTIF3 expression led to reduced mitochondrial respiration and endogenous fatty acid oxidation, as well as altered expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and proteins, and disturbed mitochondrial OXPHOS complex assembly. Furthermore, after glucose restriction, the MTIF3 knockout cells retained more triglycerides than control cells. This study demonstrates an adipocyte function-specific role of MTIF3, which originates in the maintenance of mitochondrial function, providing potential explanations for why MTIF3 genetic variation at rs67785913 is associated with body corpulence and response to weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Huang
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Daniel Coral
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Peter Spegel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Alham Saadat
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
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129
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Xing Z, Xiao B, Hu X, Chai X. Relationship Between Regional Adiposity Distribution and Incident Heart Failure in General Populations without Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Med 2023; 136:277-283.e2. [PMID: 36495933 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a high risk of heart failure. However, the contribution of regional fat distribution evaluated using bioimpedance analysis toward heart failure risk in the general population without cardiovascular disease has rarely been studied. METHODS This study included 483,316 participants without heart failure and cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank study. The regional fat mass was determined by bioimpedance analysis and calculated by dividing the square of height in meters (kg/m2). This study evaluated the association of regional fat mass (arm fat index [AFI], trunk fat index [TFI], and leg fat index [LFI]) with the risk of incident heart failure and whether regional fat mass adds a further prognostic value for heart failure besides body mass index (BMI) in a large prospective cohort study. RESULTS During the median 12.1 years, 3134 incident heart failure cases occurred. After adjustment for BMI and other confounding factors, each 1-standard deviation increase in LFI was associated with a 21% lower heart failure risk even after adjusting for BMI and other confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.85). However, we did not observe heart failure-associated risks with AFI and TFI (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.09; HR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.91-1.04, respectively). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the protective role of LFI was more prominent in the elderly and female participants (P < .01). CONCLUSION Regional fat measurement other than BMI can improve heart failure risk stratification; leg fat plays a protective role, yet arm and trunk fat do not, in the general population without cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute.
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130
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Koprulu M, Carrasco-Zanini J, Wheeler E, Lockhart S, Kerrison ND, Wareham NJ, Pietzner M, Langenberg C. Proteogenomic links to human metabolic diseases. Nat Metab 2023; 5:516-528. [PMID: 36823471 PMCID: PMC7614946 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Studying the plasma proteome as the intermediate layer between the genome and the phenome has the potential to identify new disease processes. Here, we conducted a cis-focused proteogenomic analysis of 2,923 plasma proteins measured in 1,180 individuals using antibody-based assays. We (1) identify 256 unreported protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL); (2) demonstrate shared genetic regulation of 224 cis-pQTLs with 575 specific health outcomes, revealing examples for notable metabolic diseases (such as gastrin-releasing peptide as a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes); (3) improve causal gene assignment at 40% (n = 192) of overlapping risk loci; and (4) observe convergence of phenotypic consequences of cis-pQTLs and rare loss-of-function gene burden for 12 proteins, such as TIMD4 for lipoprotein metabolism. Our findings demonstrate the value of integrating complementary proteomic technologies with genomics even at moderate scale to identify new mediators of metabolic diseases with the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Carrasco-Zanini
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Lockhart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Mu L, Ye Z, Hu J, Zhang Y, Chen K, Sun H, Li R, Mao W, Long X, Zhang C, Lai Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Qiao J. PPM1K-regulated impaired catabolism of branched-chain amino acids orchestrates polycystic ovary syndrome. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104492. [PMID: 36863088 PMCID: PMC9986518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases with the coexistence of reproductive malfunction and metabolic disorders. Previous studies have found increased branched chain amino acid (BCAA) levels in women with PCOS. However, it remains unclear whether BCAA metabolism is causally associated with the risk of PCOS. METHODS The changes of BCAA levels in the plasma and follicular fluids of PCOS women were detected. Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were used to explore the potential causal association between BCAA levels and the risk of PCOS. The function of the gene coding the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1K (PPM1K) was further explored by using Ppm1k-deficient mouse model and PPM1K down-regulated human ovarian granulosa cells. FINDINGS BCAA levels were significantly elevated in both plasma and follicular fluids of PCOS women. Based on MR, a potential direct, causal role for BCAA metabolism was revealed in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and PPM1K was detected as a vital driver. Ppm1k-deficient female mice had increased BCAA levels and exhibited PCOS-like traits, including hyperandrogenemia and abnormal follicle development. A reduction in dietary BCAA intake significantly improved the endocrine and ovarian dysfunction of Ppm1k-/- female mice. Knockdown of PPM1K promoted the conversion of glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway and inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human granulosa cells. INTERPRETATION Ppm1k deficiency-impaired BCAA catabolism causes the occurrence and development of PCOS. PPM1K suppression disturbed energy metabolism homeostasis in the follicular microenvironment, which provided an underlying mechanism of abnormal follicle development. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2700402, 2019YFA0802503), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871139, 82001503, 92057107), the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-001), Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSY2022043), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140600), and the Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2020CXJQ01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhong Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weian Mao
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Lai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinery Studies Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1194] [Impact Index Per Article: 1194.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Le Mentec H, Monniez E, Legrand A, Monvoisin C, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. A New In Vivo Zebrafish Bioassay Evaluating Liver Steatosis Identifies DDE as a Steatogenic Endocrine Disruptor, Partly through SCD1 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043942. [PMID: 36835354 PMCID: PMC9959061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which starts with liver steatosis, is a growing worldwide epidemic responsible for chronic liver diseases. Among its risk factors, exposure to environmental contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), has been recently emphasized. Given this important public health concern, regulation agencies need novel simple and fast biological tests to evaluate chemical risks. In this context, we developed a new in vivo bioassay called StAZ (Steatogenic Assay on Zebrafish) using an alternative model to animal experimentation, the zebrafish larva, to screen EDCs for their steatogenic properties. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, we established a method based on fluorescent staining with Nile red to estimate liver lipid content. Following testing of known steatogenic molecules, 10 EDCs suspected to induce metabolic disorders were screened and DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT, was identified as a potent inducer of steatosis. To confirm this and optimize the assay, we used it in a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a blue fluorescent liver protein reporter. To obtain insight into DDE's effect, the expression of several genes related to steatosis was analyzed; an up-regulation of scd1 expression, probably relying on PXR activation, was found, partly responsible for both membrane remodeling and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Mentec
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Monniez
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236-MOBIDIC, INSERM, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
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134
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Smith DA, Sadler MC, Altman RB. Promises and challenges in pharmacoepigenetics. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e18. [PMID: 37560024 PMCID: PMC10406571 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, the study of how interindividual genetic differences affect drug response, does not explain all observed heritable variance in drug response. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, and histone acetylation may account for some of the unexplained variances. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and can be suitable drug targets and can impact the action of nonepigenetic drugs. Pharmacoepigenetics is the field that studies the relationship between epigenetic variability and drug response. Much of this research focuses on compounds targeting epigenetic mechanisms, called epigenetic drugs, which are used to treat cancers, immune disorders, and other diseases. Several studies also suggest an epigenetic role in classical drug response; however, we know little about this area. The amount of information correlating epigenetic biomarkers to molecular datasets has recently expanded due to technological advances, and novel computational approaches have emerged to better identify and predict epigenetic interactions. We propose that the relationship between epigenetics and classical drug response may be examined using data already available by (1) finding regions of epigenetic variance, (2) pinpointing key epigenetic biomarkers within these regions, and (3) mapping these biomarkers to a drug-response phenotype. This approach expands on existing knowledge to generate putative pharmacoepigenetic relationships, which can be tested experimentally. Epigenetic modifications are involved in disease and drug response. Therefore, understanding how epigenetic drivers impact the response to classical drugs is important for improving drug design and administration to better treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney A Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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135
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Lin X, Yang Y, Fuh-Ngwa V, Yin X, Simpson-Yap S, van der Mei I, Broadley SA, Ponsonby AL, Burdon KP, Taylor BV, Zhou Y. Genetically determined serum serine level has a novel causal effect on multiple sclerosis risk and predicts disability progression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023:jnnp-2022-330259. [PMID: 36732044 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no specific biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying robust biomarkers for MS is crucial to improve disease diagnosis and management. METHODS This study first used six Mendelian randomisation methods to assess causal relationship of 174 metabolites with MS, incorporating data from European-ancestry metabolomics (n=8569-86 507) and MS (n=14 802 MS cases, 26 703 controls) genomewide association studies. Genetic scores for identified causal metabolite(s) were then computed to predict MS disability progression in an independent longitudinal cohort (AusLong study) of 203 MS cases with up to 15-year follow-up. RESULTS We found a novel genetic causal effect of serine on MS onset (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.84, p=1.73×10-20), such that individuals whose serine level is 1 SD above the population mean will have 1.67 times the risk of developing MS. This is robust across all sensitivity methods (OR ranges from 1.49 to 1.67). In an independent longitudinal MS cohort, we then constructed time-dynamic and time-fixed genetic scores based on serine genetic instrument single-nucleotide polymorphisms, where higher scores for raised serum serine level were associated with increased risk of disability worsening, especially in the time-dynamic model (RR=1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.42, p=7.52×10-4). CONCLUSIONS These findings support investigating serine as an important candidate biomarker for MS onset and disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valery Fuh-Ngwa
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steve Simpson-Yap
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Neuroepidemiology Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Simon A Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroepidemiology Group, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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136
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Burgess S, Mason AM, Grant AJ, Slob EAW, Gkatzionis A, Zuber V, Patel A, Tian H, Liu C, Haynes WG, Hovingh GK, Knudsen LB, Whittaker JC, Gill D. Using genetic association data to guide drug discovery and development: Review of methods and applications. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:195-214. [PMID: 36736292 PMCID: PMC9943784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the validity of drug targets from randomized trials is reliable but typically expensive and slow to obtain. In contrast, evidence from conventional observational epidemiological studies is less reliable because of the potential for bias from confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization is a quasi-experimental approach analogous to a randomized trial that exploits naturally occurring randomization in the transmission of genetic variants. In Mendelian randomization, genetic variants that can be regarded as proxies for an intervention on the proposed drug target are leveraged as instrumental variables to investigate potential effects on biomarkers and disease outcomes in large-scale observational datasets. This approach can be implemented rapidly for a range of drug targets to provide evidence on their effects and thus inform on their priority for further investigation. In this review, we present statistical methods and their applications to showcase the diverse opportunities for applying Mendelian randomization in guiding clinical development efforts, thus enabling interventions to target the right mechanism in the right population group at the right time. These methods can inform investigators on the mechanisms underlying drug effects, their related biomarkers, implications for the timing of interventions, and the population subgroups that stand to gain the most benefit. Most methods can be implemented with publicly available data on summarized genetic associations with traits and diseases, meaning that the only major limitations to their usage are the availability of appropriately powered studies for the exposure and outcome and the existence of a suitable genetic proxy for the proposed intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Amy M Mason
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Grant
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric A W Slob
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ashish Patel
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haodong Tian
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cunhao Liu
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William G Haynes
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Novo Nordisk, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John C Whittaker
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
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137
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Mohammadi-Shemirani P, Sood T, Paré G. From 'Omics to Multi-omics Technologies: the Discovery of Novel Causal Mediators. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:55-65. [PMID: 36595202 PMCID: PMC9807989 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW 'Omics studies provide a comprehensive characterisation of a biological entity, such as the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome. This review covers the unique properties of these types of 'omics and their roles as causal mediators in cardiovascular disease. Moreover, applications and challenges of integrating multiple types of 'omics data to increase predictive power, improve causal inference, and elucidate biological mechanisms are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Multi-omics approaches are growing in adoption as they provide orthogonal evidence and overcome the limitations of individual types of 'omics data. Studies with multiple types of 'omics data have improved the diagnosis and prediction of disease states and afforded a deeper understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, beyond any single type of 'omics data. For instance, disease-associated loci in the genome can be supplemented with other 'omics to prioritise causal genes and understand the function of non-coding variants. Alternatively, techniques, such as Mendelian randomisation, can leverage genetics to provide evidence supporting a causal role for disease-associated molecules, and elucidate their role in disease pathogenesis. As technologies improve, costs for 'omics studies will continue to fall and datasets will become increasingly accessible to researchers. The intrinsically unbiased nature of 'omics data is well-suited to exploratory analyses that discover causal mediators of disease, and multi-omics is an emerging discipline that leverages the strengths of each type of 'omics data to provide insights greater than the sum of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedrum Mohammadi-Shemirani
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tushar Sood
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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138
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Coral DE, Fernandez-Tajes J, Tsereteli N, Pomares-Millan H, Fitipaldi H, Mutie PM, Atabaki-Pasdar N, Kalamajski S, Poveda A, Miller-Fleming TW, Zhong X, Giordano GN, Pearson ER, Cox NJ, Franks PW. A phenome-wide comparative analysis of genetic discordance between obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Metab 2023; 5:237-247. [PMID: 36703017 PMCID: PMC9970876 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are causally related, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in the consequences of both conditions and the mechanisms of action are poorly defined. Here we show a genetic-driven approach defining two obesity profiles that convey highly concordant and discordant diabetogenic effects. We annotate and then compare association signals for these profiles across clinical and molecular phenotypic layers. Key differences are identified in a wide range of traits, including cardiovascular mortality, fat distribution, liver metabolism, blood pressure, specific lipid fractions and blood levels of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. We find marginal differences in abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes bacteria in the gut. Instrumental analyses reveal prominent causal roles for waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and cholesterol content of high-density lipoprotein particles in the development of diabetes in obesity. We prioritize 17 genes from the discordant signature that convey protection against type 2 diabetes in obesity, which may represent logical targets for precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Coral
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neli Tsereteli
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hugo Pomares-Millan
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hugo Fitipaldi
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pascal M Mutie
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Naeimeh Atabaki-Pasdar
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tyne W Miller-Fleming
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giuseppe N Giordano
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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139
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Zhao J, Stewart ID, Baird D, Mason D, Wright J, Zheng J, Gaunt TR, Evans DM, Freathy RM, Langenberg C, Warrington NM, Lawlor DA, Borges MC. Causal effects of maternal circulating amino acids on offspring birthweight: a Mendelian randomisation study. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104441. [PMID: 36696816 PMCID: PMC9879767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are key to protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell signaling and gene expression; however, the contribution of specific maternal amino acids to fetal growth is unclear. METHODS We explored the effect of maternal circulating amino acids on fetal growth, proxied by birthweight, using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and summary data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum amino acids levels (sample 1, n = 86,507) and a maternal GWAS of offspring birthweight in UK Biobank and Early Growth Genetics Consortium, adjusting for fetal genotype effects (sample 2, n = 406,063 with maternal and/or fetal genotype effect estimates). A total of 106 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with 19 amino acids (p < 4.9 × 10-10) were used as genetic instrumental variables (IV). Wald ratio and inverse variance weighted methods were used in MR main analysis. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to explore IV assumption violations. FINDINGS Our results provide evidence that maternal circulating glutamine (59 g offspring birthweight increase per standard deviation increase in maternal amino acid level, 95% CI: 7, 110) and serine (27 g, 95% CI: 9, 46) raise, while leucine (-59 g, 95% CI: -106, -11) and phenylalanine (-25 g, 95% CI: -47, -4) lower offspring birthweight. These findings are supported by sensitivity analyses. INTERPRETATION Our findings strengthen evidence for key roles of maternal circulating amino acids during pregnancy in healthy fetal growth. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found under Acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Denis Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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140
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Gagnon E, Mitchell PL, Manikpurage HD, Abner E, Taba N, Esko T, Ghodsian N, Thériault S, Mathieu P, Arsenault BJ. Impact of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites on cardiometabolic traits, chronic diseases and human longevity: a Mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36717893 PMCID: PMC9887809 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Features of the gut microbiota have been associated with several chronic diseases and longevity in preclinical models as well as in observational studies. Whether these relations underlie causal effects in humans remains to be established. We aimed to determine whether the gut microbiota influences cardiometabolic traits as well as the risk of chronic diseases and human longevity using a comprehensive 2-Sample Mendelian randomization approach. We included as exposures 10 gut-associated metabolites and pathways and 57 microbial taxa abundance. We included as outcomes nine cardiometabolic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index [BMI]), eight chronic diseases previously linked with the gut microbiota in observational studies (Alzheimer's disease, depression, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease), as well as parental lifespan and longevity. We found 7 associations with evidence of causality before and after sensitivity analyses, but not after multiple testing correction (1198 tests). Most effect sizes (4/7) were small. The two largest exposure-outcome effects were markedly attenuated towards the null upon inclusion of BMI or alcohol intake frequency in multivariable MR analyses. While finding robust genetic instruments for microbiota features is challenging hence potentially inflating type 2 errors, these results do not support a large causal impact of human gut microbita features on cardiometabolic traits, chronic diseases or longevity. These results also suggest that the previously documented associations between gut microbiota and human health outcomes may not always underly causal relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Hasanga D. Manikpurage
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Taba
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia ,grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nooshin Ghodsian
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
| | - Benoit J. Arsenault
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
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141
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Iwasaki T, Kamatani Y, Sonomura K, Kawaguchi S, Kawaguchi T, Takahashi M, Ohmura K, Sato TA, Matsuda F. Genetic influences on human blood metabolites in the Japanese population. iScience 2023; 26:105738. [PMID: 36582826 PMCID: PMC9792902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in ethnic diversity in genetic studies has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into how genetic variations influence human phenotypes. In this study, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 121 metabolites measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with plasma samples from 4,888 Japanese individuals. We found 60 metabolite-gene associations, of which 13 have not been previously reported. Meta-analyses with another Japanese and a European study identified six and two additional unreported loci, respectively. Genetic variants influencing metabolite levels were more enriched in protein-coding regions than in the regulatory regions while being associated with the risk of various diseases. Finally, we identified a signature of strong negative selection for uric acid ( S ˆ = -1.53, p = 6.2 × 10-18). Our study expanded the knowledge of genetic influences on human blood metabolites, providing valuable insights into their physiological, pathological, and selective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasaki
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Life Science Research Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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142
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Lu Y, Pang Z, Xia J. Comprehensive investigation of pathway enrichment methods for functional interpretation of LC-MS global metabolomics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbac553. [PMID: 36572652 PMCID: PMC9851290 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global or untargeted metabolomics is widely used to comprehensively investigate metabolic profiles under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammations, infections, responses to exposures or interactions with microbial communities. However, biological interpretation of global metabolomics data remains a daunting task. Recent years have seen growing applications of pathway enrichment analysis based on putative annotations of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peaks for functional interpretation of LC-MS-based global metabolomics data. However, due to intricate peak-metabolite and metabolite-pathway relationships, considerable variations are observed among results obtained using different approaches. There is an urgent need to benchmark these approaches to inform the best practices. RESULTS We have conducted a benchmark study of common peak annotation approaches and pathway enrichment methods in current metabolomics studies. Representative approaches, including three peak annotation methods and four enrichment methods, were selected and benchmarked under different scenarios. Based on the results, we have provided a set of recommendations regarding peak annotation, ranking metrics and feature selection. The overall better performance was obtained for the mummichog approach. We have observed that a ~30% annotation rate is sufficient to achieve high recall (~90% based on mummichog), and using semi-annotated data improves functional interpretation. Based on the current platforms and enrichment methods, we further propose an identifiability index to indicate the possibility of a pathway being reliably identified. Finally, we evaluated all methods using 11 COVID-19 and 8 inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) global metabolomics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Pang
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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143
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Kentistou KA, Luan J, Wittemans LBL, Hambly C, Klaric L, Kutalik Z, Speakman JR, Wareham NJ, Kendall TJ, Langenberg C, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, Morton NM. Large scale phenotype imputation and in vivo functional validation implicate ADAMTS14 as an adiposity gene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:307. [PMID: 36658113 PMCID: PMC9852585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains an unmet global health burden. Detrimental anatomical distribution of body fat is a major driver of obesity-mediated mortality risk and is demonstrably heritable. However, our understanding of the full genetic contribution to human adiposity is incomplete, as few studies measure adiposity directly. To address this, we impute whole-body imaging adiposity phenotypes in UK Biobank from the 4,366 directly measured participants onto the rest of the cohort, greatly increasing our discovery power. Using these imputed phenotypes in 392,535 participants yielded hundreds of genome-wide significant associations, six of which replicate in independent cohorts. The leading causal gene candidate, ADAMTS14, is further investigated in a mouse knockout model. Concordant with the human association data, the Adamts14-/- mice exhibit reduced adiposity and weight-gain under obesogenic conditions, alongside an improved metabolic rate and health. Thus, we show that phenotypic imputation at scale offers deeper biological insights into the genetics of human adiposity that could lead to therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
- Centre for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, CAS Centre of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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144
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Timasheva Y, Balkhiyarova Z, Avzaletdinova D, Rassoleeva I, Morugova TV, Korytina G, Prokopenko I, Kochetova O. Integrating Common Risk Factors with Polygenic Scores Improves the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020984. [PMID: 36674502 PMCID: PMC9866792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested associations between 13 established genetic variants and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 1371 study participants from the Volga-Ural region of the Eurasian continent, and evaluated the predictive ability of the model containing polygenic scores for the variants associated with T2D in our dataset, alone and in combination with other risk factors such as age and sex. Using logistic regression analysis, we found associations with T2D for the CCL20 rs6749704 (OR = 1.68, PFDR = 3.40 × 10-5), CCR5 rs333 (OR = 1.99, PFDR = 0.033), ADIPOQ rs17366743 (OR = 3.17, PFDR = 2.64 × 10-4), TCF7L2 rs114758349 (OR = 1.77, PFDR = 9.37 × 10-5), and CCL2 rs1024611 (OR = 1.38, PFDR = 0.033) polymorphisms. We showed that the most informative prognostic model included weighted polygenic scores for these five loci, and non-genetic factors such as age and sex (AUC 85.8%, 95%CI 83.7-87.8%). Compared to the model containing only non-genetic parameters, adding the polygenic score for the five T2D-associated loci showed improved net reclassification (NRI = 37.62%, 1.39 × 10-6). Inclusion of all 13 tested SNPs to the model with age and sex did not improve the predictive ability compared to the model containing five T2D-associated variants (NRI = -17.86, p = 0.093). The five variants associated with T2D in people from the Volga-Ural region are linked to inflammation (CCR5, CCL2, CCL20) and glucose metabolism regulation (TCF7L, ADIPOQ2). Further studies in independent groups of T2D patients should validate the prognostic value of the model and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Diana Avzaletdinova
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Irina Rassoleeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Morugova
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Gulnaz Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Olga Kochetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Paolini E, Longo M, Meroni M, Tria G, Cespiati A, Lombardi R, Badiali S, Maggioni M, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P. The I148M PNPLA3 variant mitigates niacin beneficial effects: How the genetic screening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients gains value. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1101341. [PMID: 36937355 PMCID: PMC10018489 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PNPLA3 p.I148M impact on fat accumulation can be modulated by nutrients. Niacin (Vitamin B3) reduced triglycerides synthesis in in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the niacin-I148M polymorphism crosstalk in NAFLD patients and examine niacin's beneficial effect in reducing fat by exploiting hepatoma cells with different PNPLA3 genotype. Design We enrolled 172 (Discovery cohort) and 358 (Validation cohort) patients with non-invasive and histological diagnosis of NAFLD, respectively. Dietary niacin was collected from food diary, while its serum levels were quantified by ELISA. Hepatic expression of genes related to NAD metabolism was evaluated by RNAseq in bariatric NAFLD patients (n = 183; Transcriptomic cohort). Hep3B (148I/I) and HepG2 (148M/M) cells were silenced (siHep3B) or overexpressed (HepG2I148+ ) for PNPLA3, respectively. Results In the Discovery cohort, dietary niacin was significantly reduced in patients with steatosis ≥ 2 and in I148M carriers. Serum niacin was lower in subjects carrying the G at risk allele and negatively correlated with obesity. The latter result was confirmed in the Validation cohort. At multivariate analysis, the I148M polymorphism was independently associated with serum niacin, supporting that it may be directly involved in the modulation of its availability. siHep3B cells showed an impaired NAD biosynthesis comparable to HepG2 cells which led to lower niacin efficacy in clearing fat, supporting a required functional protein to guarantee its effectiveness. Conversely, the restoration of PNPLA3 Wt protein in HepG2I148+ cells recovered the NAD pathway and improved niacin efficacy. Finally, niacin inhibited de novo lipogenesis through the ERK1/2/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, with the consequent SREBP1-driven PNPLA3 reduction only in Hep3B and HepG2I148M+ cells. Conclusions We demonstrated a niacin-PNPLA3 I148M interaction in NAFLD patients which possibly pave the way to vitamin B3 supplementation in those with a predisposing genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Badiali
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Dongiovanni,
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146
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Amin NB, Saxena AR, Somayaji V, Dullea R. Inhibition of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 Versus Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1: Potential Therapeutic Implications of Pharmacology. Clin Ther 2023; 45:55-70. [PMID: 36690550 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic steatosis due to altered lipid metabolism and accumulation of hepatic triglycerides is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, catalyze the terminal reaction in triglyceride synthesis, making them attractive targets for pharmacologic intervention. There is a common misconception that these enzymes are related; however, despite their similar names, DGAT1 and DGAT2 differ significantly on multiple levels. As we look ahead to future clinical studies of DGAT2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we review key differences and include evidence to highlight and support DGAT2 inhibitor (DGAT2i) pharmacology. METHODS Three Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of the DGAT2i ervogastat (PF-06865571) in healthy adult participants (Single Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of PF-06865571 [study C2541001] and Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of PF-06865571 in Healthy, Including Overweight and Obese, Adult Subjects [study C2541002]) or participants with NAFLD (2-Week Study in People With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [study C2541005]). Data from 2 Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of the DGAT1i PF-04620110 in healthy participants (A Single Dose Study of PF-04620110 in Overweight and Obese, Otherwise Healthy Volunteers [study B0961001] and A Multiple Dose Study of PF-04620110 in Overweight and Obese, Otherwise Healthy Volunteers [study B0961002]) were included for comparison. Safety outcomes were the primary end point in all studies, except in study C2541005, in which safety was the secondary end point, with relative change from baseline in whole liver fat at day 15 assessed as the primary end point. Safety data were analyzed across studies by total daily dose of ervogastat (5, 15, 50, 100, 150, 500, 600, 1000, and 1500 mg) or PF-04620110 (0.3, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 mg), with placebo data pooled separately across ervogastat and PF-04620110 studies. FINDINGS Published data indicate that DGAT1 and DGAT2 differ in multiple dimensions, including gene family, subcellular localization, substrate preference, and specificity, with unrelated pharmacologic inhibition properties and differing safety profiles. Although initial nonclinical studies suggested a potentially attractive therapeutic profile with DGAT1 inhibition, genetic and pharmacologic data suggest otherwise, with common gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, limiting further clinical development. Conversely, DGAT2 inhibition, although initially not pursued as aggressively as a potential target for pharmacologic intervention, has consistent efficacy in nonclinical studies, with reduced triglyceride synthesis accompanied by reduced expression of genes essential for de novo lipogenesis. In addition, early clinical data indicate antisteatotic effects with DGAT2i ervogastat, in participants with NAFLD, accompanied by a well-tolerated safety profile. IMPLICATIONS Although pharmacologic DGAT1is are limited by an adverse safety profile, data support use of DGAT2i as an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy for patients with NAFLD, NASH, and NASH with liver fibrosis. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifiers: NCT03092232, NCT03230383, NCT03513588, NCT00799006, and NCT00959426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta B Amin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi R Saxena
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Veena Somayaji
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Dullea
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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147
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Genetic Mimicry Analysis Reveals the Specific Lipases Targeted by the ANGPTL3-ANGPTL8 Complex and ANGPTL4. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100313. [PMID: 36372100 PMCID: PMC9852701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8, are involved in regulating plasma lipids. In vitro and animal-based studies point to LPL and endothelial lipase (EL, LIPG) as key targets of ANGPTLs. To examine the ANGPTL mechanisms for plasma lipid modulation in humans, we pursued a genetic mimicry analysis of enhancing or suppressing variants in the LPL, LIPG, lipase C hepatic type (LIPC), ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 genes using data on 248 metabolic parameters derived from over 110,000 nonfasted individuals in the UK Biobank and validated in over 13,000 overnight fasted individuals from 11 other European populations. ANGPTL4 suppression was highly concordant with LPL enhancement but not HL or EL, suggesting ANGPTL4 impacts plasma metabolic parameters exclusively via LPL. The LPL-independent effects of ANGPTL3 suppression on plasma metabolic parameters showed a striking inverse resemblance with EL suppression, suggesting ANGPTL3 not only targets LPL but also targets EL. Investigation of the impact of the ANGPTL3-ANGPTL8 complex on plasma metabolite traits via the ANGPTL8 R59W substitution as an instrumental variable showed a much higher concordance between R59W and EL activity than between R59W and LPL activity, suggesting the R59W substitution more strongly affects EL inhibition than LPL inhibition. Meanwhile, when using a rare and deleterious protein-truncating ANGPTL8 variant as an instrumental variable, the ANGPTL3-ANGPTL8 complex was very LPL specific. In conclusion, our analysis provides strong human genetic evidence that the ANGPTL3-ANGPTL8 complex regulates plasma metabolic parameters, which is achieved by impacting LPL and EL. By contrast, ANGPTL4 influences plasma metabolic parameters exclusively via LPL.
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148
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Li J, Xu X. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1527-1540. [PMID: 37131870 PMCID: PMC10149070 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Tumor immunotherapy is an innovative cancer treatment that acts by activating the human body's autoimmune system. Immune checkpoint block has been shown to be effective in DNA deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high CRC. However, the therapeutic effect for proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stability patients still requires further study and optimization. At present, the main CRC strategy is to combine other therapeutic methods, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. Here, we review the current status and the latest progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. At the same time, we consider therapeutic opportunities for transforming cold to hot, as well as perspectives on possible future therapies, which may be in great demand for drug-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xuanfu Xu, Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-021-25066666, Email
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149
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Chen Y, Lu T, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Stewart ID, Butler-Laporte G, Nakanishi T, Cerani A, Liang KYH, Yoshiji S, Willett JDS, Su CY, Raina P, Greenwood CMT, Farjoun Y, Forgetta V, Langenberg C, Zhou S, Ohlsson C, Richards JB. Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases. Nat Genet 2023; 55:44-53. [PMID: 36635386 PMCID: PMC7614162 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic processes can influence disease risk and provide therapeutic targets. By conducting genome-wide association studies of 1,091 blood metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios, we identified associations with 690 metabolites at 248 loci and associations with 143 metabolite ratios at 69 loci. Integrating metabolite-gene and gene expression information identified 94 effector genes for 109 metabolites and 48 metabolite ratios. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we identified 22 metabolites and 20 metabolite ratios having estimated causal effect on 12 traits and diseases, including orotate for estimated bone mineral density, α-hydroxyisovalerate for body mass index and ergothioneine for inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. We further measured the orotate level in a separate cohort and demonstrated that, consistent with MR, orotate levels were positively associated with incident hip fractures. This study provides a valuable resource describing the genetic architecture of metabolites and delivers insights into their roles in common diseases, thereby offering opportunities for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Chen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillaume Butler-Laporte
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agustin Cerani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Y H Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yoshiji
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julian Daniel Sunday Willett
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chen-Yang Su
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yossi Farjoun
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Fulcrum Genomics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre of Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK.
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Savage DB. Perilipin 1 Antibodies in Patients With Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2023; 72:16-18. [PMID: 36538601 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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