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Saleh MG, Mikkelsen M, Oeltzschner G, Chan KL, Berrington A, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Simultaneous editing of GABA and glutathione at 7T using semi-LASER localization. Magn Reson Med 2017; 80:474-479. [PMID: 29285783 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate simultaneous editing of the two most commonly edited and overlapping signals, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH), with Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of MEGA-edited spectroscopy (HERMES) using sLASER localization at 7T. METHODS Density matrix simulations of HERMES at 7T were carried out and compared with phantom experiments. Additional phantom experiments were performed to characterize the echo time (TE) -dependent modulation of GABA- and GSH-edited HERMES spectra at TE of 80-160 ms. In vivo experiments were performed in 10 healthy volunteers, comparing HERMES (11 min) to sequentially acquired MEGA-sLASER detection of GABA and GSH (2 × 11 min). RESULTS Simulations of HERMES show GABA- and GSH-edited spectra with negligible levels of crosstalk, and give modest agreement with phantom spectra. The TE series of GABA- and GSH-edited HERMES spectra modulate as a result of T2 relaxation and coupling evolution, with GABA showing a stronger TE-dependence. In vivo HERMES experiments show well-edited GABA and GSH signals. Measured concentrations are not statistically different between HERMES and MEGA-sLASER for GABA (1. 051 ± 0.254 i.u. and 1.053 ± 0.248 i.u; P > 0.985) or GSH (0.300 ± 0.091 i.u. and 0.302 ± 0.093 i.u; P > 0.940). CONCLUSION Simulated, phantom and in vivo measurements of HERMES show excellent segregation of GABA- and GSH-edited signals, and excellent agreement with separately acquired MEGA-sLASER data. HERMES allows two-fold acceleration of editing while maintaining spectral quality compared with sequentially acquired MEGA-sLASER measurements. Magn Reson Med 80:474-479, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Berrington
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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152
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Coxon JP, Cash RFH, Hendrikse JJ, Rogasch NC, Stavrinos E, Suo C, Yücel M. GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high-intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels. J Physiol 2017; 596:691-702. [PMID: 29159914 DOI: 10.1113/jp274660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted before and after high-intensity interval exercise. Sensorimotor cortex GABA concentration increased by 20%. The increase was positively correlated with the increase in blood lactate. There was no change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There were no changes in the glutamate-glutamine-glutathione peak. ABSTRACT High-intensity exercise increases the concentration of circulating lactate. Cortical uptake of blood borne lactate increases during and after exercise; however, the potential relationship with changes in the concentration of neurometabolites remains unclear. Although changes in neurometabolite concentration have previously been demonstrated in primary visual cortex after exercise, it remains unknown whether these changes extend to regions such as the sensorimotor cortex (SM) or executive regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present study, we explored the acute after-effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the concentration of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the combined glutamate-glutamine-glutathione (Glx) spectral peak in the SM and DLPFC, as well as the relationship with blood lactate levels. Following HIIT, there was a robust increase in GABA concentration in the SM, as evident across the majority of participants. This change was not observed in the DLPFC. Furthermore, the increase in SM GABA was positively correlated with an increase in blood lactate. There were no changes in Glx concentration in either region. The observed increase in SM GABA concentration implies functional relevance, whereas the correlation with lactate levels may relate to the metabolic fate of exercise-derived lactate that crosses the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Coxon
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua J Hendrikse
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen Stavrinos
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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153
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Chan KL, Snoussi K, Edden RAE, Barker PB. Simultaneous detection of glutathione and lactate using spectral editing at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3800. [PMID: 28940608 PMCID: PMC5685873 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two spectral editing techniques for the simultaneous detection of glutathione (GSH) and lactate (Lac) in the human brain at 3 T are described and evaluated. These methods, 'sMEGA' (sinc-MEscher and GArwood) and 'DEW' (Double Editing With), were optimized to detect GSH and Lac simultaneously at 3 T using density-matrix simulations and validation in phantoms. Simulations to test for co-edited metabolites within the detected GSH region of the spectrum were also performed. In vivo data were acquired in the midline parietal region of seven subjects using both methods, and compared with conventional MEGA-PRESS (MEscher and GArwood-Point RESolved Spectroscopy) acquisitions of GSH and Lac. Simulations and phantom experiments showed that sMEGA and DEW had a high editing efficiency for both GSH and Lac. In the phantom, the editing efficiency of GSH was >88% relative to a conventional GSH MEGA-PRESS acquisition, whereas, for Lac, the editing efficiency was >95% relative to a conventional Lac MEGA-PRESS acquisition. Simulations also showed that the editing efficiency of both methods was comparable with separate MEGA-PRESS acquisitions of the same metabolites. In addition, simulations and in vivo spectra showed that, at a TE of 140 ms, there was a partial overlap between creatine (Cr) and GSH peaks, and that N-acetyl aspartate/N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAA/NAAG) were sufficiently resolved from GSH. In vivo measurements showed that both sMEGA and DEW edited GSH and Lac reliably with the same editing efficiency as conventional MEGA-PRESS acquisitions of the same metabolites, with measured GSH integrals of 2.23 ± 0.51, 2.31 ± 0.38, 2.38 ± 0.53 and measured Lac integrals of 1.72 ± 0.67, 1.55 ± 0.35 and 1.53 ± 0.54 for MEGA-PRESS, DEW and sMEGA, respectively. Simultaneous detection of GSH and Lac using sMEGA and DEW is possible at 3 T with high editing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karim Snoussi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
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154
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Mikkelsen M, Barker PB, Bhattacharyya PK, Brix MK, Buur PF, Cecil KM, Chan KL, Chen DYT, Craven AR, Cuypers K, Dacko M, Duncan NW, Dydak U, Edmondson DA, Ende G, Ersland L, Gao F, Greenhouse I, Harris AD, He N, Heba S, Hoggard N, Hsu TW, Jansen JFA, Kangarlu A, Lange T, Lebel RM, Li Y, Lin CYE, Liou JK, Lirng JF, Liu F, Ma R, Maes C, Moreno-Ortega M, Murray SO, Noah S, Noeske R, Noseworthy MD, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Puts NAJ, Roberts TPL, Sack M, Sailasuta N, Saleh MG, Schallmo MP, Simard N, Swinnen SP, Tegenthoff M, Truong P, Wang G, Wilkinson ID, Wittsack HJ, Xu H, Yan F, Zhang C, Zipunnikov V, Zöllner HJ, Edden RAE. Big GABA: Edited MR spectroscopy at 24 research sites. Neuroimage 2017; 159:32-45. [PMID: 28716717 PMCID: PMC5700835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only biomedical imaging method that can noninvasively detect endogenous signals from the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain. Its increasing popularity has been aided by improvements in scanner hardware and acquisition methodology, as well as by broader access to pulse sequences that can selectively detect GABA, in particular J-difference spectral editing sequences. Nevertheless, implementations of GABA-edited MRS remain diverse across research sites, making comparisons between studies challenging. This large-scale multi-vendor, multi-site study seeks to better understand the factors that impact measurement outcomes of GABA-edited MRS. An international consortium of 24 research sites was formed. Data from 272 healthy adults were acquired on scanners from the three major MRI vendors and analyzed using the Gannet processing pipeline. MRS data were acquired in the medial parietal lobe with standard GABA+ and macromolecule- (MM-) suppressed GABA editing. The coefficient of variation across the entire cohort was 12% for GABA+ measurements and 28% for MM-suppressed GABA measurements. A multilevel analysis revealed that most of the variance (72%) in the GABA+ data was accounted for by differences between participants within-site, while site-level differences accounted for comparatively more variance (20%) than vendor-level differences (8%). For MM-suppressed GABA data, the variance was distributed equally between site- (50%) and participant-level (50%) differences. The findings show that GABA+ measurements exhibit strong agreement when implemented with a standard protocol. There is, however, increased variability for MM-suppressed GABA measurements that is attributed in part to differences in site-to-site data acquisition. This study's protocol establishes a framework for future methodological standardization of GABA-edited MRS, while the results provide valuable benchmarks for the MRS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pallab K Bhattacharyya
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maiken K Brix
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pieter F Buur
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Y-T Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Dacko
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David A Edmondson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fei Gao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie Heba
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alayar Kangarlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jy-Kang Liou
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng Liu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruoyun Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Celine Maes
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Scott O Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Noah
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Markus Sack
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Napapon Sailasuta
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Simard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Truong
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hongmin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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155
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Di Lazzaro V, Pellegrino G, Ranieri F, Florio L, Musumeci G, Caulo M, Ferretti A, Capone F. Effects of repetitive TMS of the motor cortex on disease progression and on glutamate and GABA levels in ALS: A proof of principle study. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:1003-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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156
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Delli Pizzi S, Chiacchiaretta P, Mantini D, Bubbico G, Edden RA, Onofrj M, Ferretti A, Bonanni L. GABA content within medial prefrontal cortex predicts the variability of fronto-limbic effective connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3217-3229. [PMID: 28386778 PMCID: PMC5630505 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit plays a key role in social behavior. The amygdala and mPFC are bidirectionally connected, functionally and anatomically, via the uncinate fasciculus. Recent evidence suggests that GABA-ergic neurotransmission within the mPFC could be central to the regulation of amygdala activity related to emotions and anxiety processing. However, the functional and neurochemical interactions within amygdala-mPFC circuits are unclear. In the current study, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging techniques were combined to investigate effective connectivity within the amygdala-mPFC network and its relationship with mPFC neurotransmission in 22 healthy subjects aged between 41 and 88 years. Effective connectivity in the amygdala-mPFC circuit was assessed on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data using spectral dynamic causal modelling. State and trait anxiety were also assessed. The mPFC was shown to be the target of incoming outputs from the amygdalae and the source of exciting inputs to the limbic system. The amygdalae were reciprocally connected by excitatory projections. About half of the variance relating to the strength of top-down endogenous connection between right amygdala and mPFC was explained by mPFC GABA levels. State anxiety was correlated with the strength of the endogenous connections between right amygdala and mPFC. We suggest that mPFC GABA content predicts variability in the effective connectivity within the mPFC-amygdala circuit, providing new insights on emotional physiology and the underlying functional and neurochemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Richard A Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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157
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Clinical Applications: A Review. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2017; 48:233-253. [PMID: 31047406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo NMR spectroscopy is known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS has been applied as both a research and a clinical tool in order to detect visible or nonvisible abnormalities. The adaptability of MRS allows a technique that can probe a wide variety of metabolic uses across different tissues. Although MRS is mostly applied for brain tissue, it can be used for detection, localization, staging, tumour aggressiveness evaluation, and tumour response assessment of breast, prostate, hepatic, and other cancers. In this article, the medical applications of MRS in the brain, including tumours, neural and psychiatric disorder studies, breast, prostate, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary investigations have been reviewed.
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158
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van der Veen JW, Marenco S, Berman K, Shen J. Retrospective correction of frequency drift in spectral editing: The GABA editing example. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3725. [PMID: 28370463 PMCID: PMC5511084 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
GABA levels can be measured using proton MRS with a two-step editing sequence. However due to the low concentration of GABA, long acquisition time is usually needed to achieve sufficient SNR to detect small differences in many psychiatric disorders. During this long scan time the frequency offset of the measured voxel can change because of magnetic field drift and patient movement. This drift will change the frequency of the editing pulse relative to that of metabolites, leading to errors in quantification. In this article we describe a retrospective method to correct for frequency drift in spectral editing. A series of reference signals for each metabolite was generated for a range of frequency offsets and then averaged together based on the history of frequency changes over the scan. These customized basis sets were used to fit the in vivo data. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the correction method and the remarkable robustness of a GABA editing technique with a top hat editing profile in the presence of frequency drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem van der Veen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author: Jan Willem van der Veen, PhD, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 2D50, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1527, Tel.: (301) 435-7262, Fax: (301) 480-2397,
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, NIMH–Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, NIMH–Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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159
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Ford TC, Nibbs R, Crewther DP. Glutamate/GABA+ ratio is associated with the psychosocial domain of autistic and schizotypal traits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181961. [PMID: 28759626 PMCID: PMC5536272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autism and schizophrenia spectra overlap to a large degree in the social and interpersonal domains. Similarly, abnormal excitatory glutamate and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter concentrations have been reported for both spectra, with the interplay of these neurotransmitters important for cortical excitation to inhibition regulation. This study investigates whether these neurotransmitter abnormalities are specific to the shared symptomatology, and whether the degree of abnormality increases with increasing symptom severity. Hence, the relationship between the glutamate/GABA ratio and autism and schizophrenia spectrum traits in an unmedicated, subclinical population was investigated. METHODS A total of 37 adults (19 female, 18 male) aged 18-38 years completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and participated in the resting state proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in which sequences specific for quantification of glutamate and GABA+ concentration were applied to a right and left superior temporal voxel. RESULTS There were significant, moderate, positive relationships between right superior temporal glutamate/GABA+ ratio and AQ, SPQ and AQ+SPQ total scores (p<0.05), SPQ subscales Social Anxiety, No Close Friend, Constricted Affect, Odd Behaviour, Odd Speech, Ideas of Reference and Suspiciousness, and AQ subscales Social Skills, Communication and Attention Switching (p<0.05); increased glutamate/GABA+ coinciding with higher scores on these subscales. Only the relationships between glutamate/GABA+ ratio and Social Anxiety, Constricted Affect, Social Skills and Communication survived multiple comparison correction (p< 0.004). Left superior temporal glutamate/GABA+ ratio reduced with increasing restricted imagination (p<0.05). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate evidence for an association between excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitter concentrations and symptoms that are shared between the autism and schizophrenia spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C. Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Nibbs
- Swinburne Neuroimaging, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P. Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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160
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Ford TC, Nibbs R, Crewther DP. Increased glutamate/GABA+ ratio in a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype termed Social Disorganisation. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 16:125-131. [PMID: 28794973 PMCID: PMC5537407 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism and schizophrenia are multi-dimensional spectrum disorders that have substantial phenotypic overlap. This overlap is readily identified in the non-clinical population, and has been conceptualised as Social Disorganisation (SD). This study investigates the balance of excitatory glutamate and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in a non-clinical sample with high and low trait SD, as glutamate and GABA abnormalities are reported across the autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Participants were 18 low (10 females) and 19 high (9 females) SD scorers aged 18 to 40 years who underwent 1H-MRS for glutamate and GABA+macromolecule (GABA+) concentrations in right and left hemisphere superior temporal (ST) voxels. Reduced GABA+ concentration (p = 0.03) and increased glutamate/GABA+ ratio (p = 0.003) in the right ST voxel for the high SD group was found, and there was increased GABA+ concentration in the left compared to right ST voxel (p = 0.047). Bilateral glutamate concentration was increased for the high SD group (p = 0.006); there was no hemisphere by group interaction (p = 0.772). Results suggest that a higher expression of the SD phenotype may be associated with increased glutamate/GABA+ ratio in the right ST region, which may affect speech prosody processing, and lead behavioural characteristics that are shared within the autistic and schizotypal spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C. Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Nibbs
- Swinburne Neuroimaging, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P. Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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161
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Oeltzschner G, Snoussi K, Puts NA, Mikkelsen M, Harris AD, Pradhan S, Tsapkini K, Schär M, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Effects of eddy currents on selective spectral editing experiments at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:673-681. [PMID: 28734060 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate frequency-offset effects in edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) experiments arising from B0 eddy currents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Macromolecule-suppressed (MM-suppressed) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited experiments were performed at 3T. Saturation-offset series of MEGA-PRESS experiments were performed in phantoms, in order to investigate different aspects of the relationship between the effective editing frequencies and eddy currents associated with gradient pulses in the sequence. Difference integrals were quantified for each series, and the offset dependence of the integrals was analyzed to quantify the difference in frequency (Δf) between the actual vs. nominal expected saturation frequency. RESULTS Saturation-offset N-acetyl-aspartate-phantom experiments show that Δf varied with voxel orientation, ranging from 10.4 Hz (unrotated) to 6.4 Hz (45° rotation about the caudal-cranial axis) and 0.4 Hz (45° rotation about left-right axis), indicating that gradient-related B0 eddy currents vary with crusher-gradient orientation. Fixing the crusher-gradient coordinate-frame substantially reduced the orientation dependence of Δf (to ∼2 Hz). Water-suppression crusher gradients also introduced a frequency offset, with Δf = 0.6 Hz ("excitation" water suppression), compared to 10.2 Hz (no water suppression). In vivo spectra showed a negative edited "GABA" signal, suggesting Δf on the order of 10 Hz; with fixed crusher-gradient coordinate-frame, the expected positive edited "GABA" signal was observed. CONCLUSION Eddy currents associated with pulsed field gradients may have a considerable impact on highly frequency-selective spectral-editing experiments, such as MM-suppressed GABA editing at 3T. Careful selection of crusher gradient orientation may ameliorate these effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:673-681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karim Snoussi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- CAIR Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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162
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Quantum-mechanical simulations for in vivo MR spectroscopy: Principles and possibilities demonstrated with the program NMRScopeB. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:79-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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163
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Cleve M, Krämer M, Gussew A, Reichenbach JR. Difference optimization: Automatic correction of relative frequency and phase for mean non-edited and edited GABA 1H MEGA-PRESS spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 279:16-21. [PMID: 28431306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phase and frequency corrections of magnetic resonance spectroscopic data are of major importance to obtain reliable and unambiguous metabolite estimates as validated in recent research for single-shot scans with the same spectral fingerprint. However, when using the J-difference editing technique 1H MEGA-PRESS, misalignment between mean edited (ON‾) and non-edited (OFF‾) spectra that may remain even after correction of the corresponding individual single-shot scans results in subtraction artefacts compromising reliable GABA quantitation. We present a fully automatic routine that iteratively optimizes simultaneously relative frequencies and phases between the mean ON‾ and OFF‾1H MEGA-PRESS spectra while minimizing the sum of the magnitude of the difference spectrum (L1 norm). The proposed method was applied to simulated spectra at different SNR levels with deliberately preset frequency and phase errors. Difference optimization proved to be more sensitive to small signal fluctuations, as e.g. arising from subtraction artefacts, and outperformed the alternative spectral registration approach, that, in contrast to our proposed linear approach, uses a nonlinear least squares minimization (L2 norm), at all investigated levels of SNR. Moreover, the proposed method was applied to 47 MEGA-PRESS datasets acquired in vivo at 3T. The results of the alignment between the mean OFF‾ and ON‾ spectra were compared by applying (a) no correction, (b) difference optimization or (c) spectral registration. Since the true frequency and phase errors are not known for in vivo data, manually corrected spectra were used as the gold standard reference (d). Automatically corrected data applying both, method (b) or method (c), showed distinct improvements of spectra quality as revealed by the mean Pearson correlation coefficient between corresponding real part mean DIFF‾ spectra of Rbd=0.997±0.003 (method (b) vs. (d)), compared to Rad=0.764±0.220 (method (a) vs. (d)) with no alignment between OFF‾ and ON‾. Method (c) revealed a slightly lower correlation coefficient of Rcd=0.972±0.028 compared to Rbd, that can be ascribed to small remaining subtraction artefacts in the final DIFF‾ spectrum. In conclusion, difference optimization performs robustly with no restrictions regarding the input data range or user intervention and represents a complementary tool to optimize the final DIFF‾ spectrum following the mandatory frequency and phase corrections of single ON and OFF scans prior to averaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cleve
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3 (Gebäude 5, MRT am Steiger), 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Krämer
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3 (Gebäude 5, MRT am Steiger), 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Alexander Gussew
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3 (Gebäude 5, MRT am Steiger), 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3 (Gebäude 5, MRT am Steiger), 07743 Jena, Germany.
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164
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Automatic frequency and phase alignment of in vivo J-difference-edited MR spectra by frequency domain correlation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 30:537-544. [PMID: 28573461 PMCID: PMC5701960 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective J-difference editing is often used to select resonances of compounds with coupled spins in 1H-MR spectra. Accurate phase and frequency alignment prior to subtracting J-difference-edited MR spectra is important to avoid artefactual contributions to the edited resonance. Materials and methods In-vivo J-difference-edited MR spectra were aligned by maximizing the normalized scalar product between two spectra (i.e., the correlation over a spectral region). The performance of our correlation method was compared with alignment by spectral registration and by alignment of the highest point in two spectra. The correlation method was tested at different SNR levels and for a broad range of phase and frequency shifts. Results In-vivo application of the proposed correlation method showed reduced subtraction errors and increased fit reliability in difference spectra as compared with conventional peak alignment. The correlation method and the spectral registration method generally performed equally well. However, better alignment using the correlation method was obtained for spectra with a low SNR (down to ~2) and for relatively large frequency shifts. Conclusion Our correlation method for simultaneously phase and frequency alignment is able to correct both small and large phase and frequency drifts and also performs well at low SNR levels.
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165
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Tapper S, Tisell A, Lundberg P. How does motion affect GABA-measurements? Order statistic filtering compared to conventional analysis of MEGA-PRESS MRS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177795. [PMID: 28520793 PMCID: PMC5433745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate two post-processing techniques applied to MRS MEGA-PRESS data influenced by motion-induced artifacts. In contrast to the conventional averaging technique, order statistic filtering (OSF) is a known method for artifact reduction. Therefore, this method may be suitable to incorporate in the GABA quantification. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were scanned three times using a 3 T MR system. One measurement protocol consisted of two MEGA-PRESS measurements, one reference measurement and one measurement including head motions. The resulting datasets were analyzed with the standard averaging technique and with the OSF-technique in two schemes; filtering phase cycles ‘RAW PC’ and filtering dynamics ‘RAW Dyn’. Results The datasets containing artifacts resulted in an underestimation of the concentrations. There was a trend for the OSF-technique to compensate for this reduction when quantifying SNR-intense signals. However, there was no indication that OSF improved the estimated GABA concentrations. Moreover, when only considering the reference measurements, the OSF technique was equally as effective as averaging, which suggests that the techniques are interchangeable. Conclusion OSF performed equally well as the conventional averaging technique for low-SNR signals. For high-SNR signals, OSF performed better and thus could be considered for routine usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Tapper
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Radiation Physics, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anders Tisell
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Radiation Physics, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Radiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Radiation Physics, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Radiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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166
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Harris AD, Puts NAJ, Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM, Mikkelsen M, Barker PB, Evans CJ, Edden RAE. Normalizing data from GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS implementations at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 42:8-15. [PMID: 28479342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standardization of results is an important milestone in the maturation of any truly quantitative methodology. For instance, a lack of measurement agreement across imaging platforms limits multisite studies, between-study comparisons based on the literature, and inferences based on and the generalizability of results. In GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS, two key sources of differences between implementations are: differences in editing efficiency of GABA and the degree of co-editing of macromolecules (MM). In this work, GABA editing efficiency κ and MM-co-editing μ constants are determined for three widely used MEGA-PRESS implementations (on the most common MRI platforms; GE, Philips, and Siemens) by phantom experiments. Implementation-specific κ,μ-corrections were then applied to two in vivo datasets, one consisted of 8 subject scanned on the three platforms and the other one subject scanned eight times on each platform. Manufacturer-specific κ and μ values were determined as: κGE=0.436, κSiemens=0.366 and κPhilips=0.394 and μGE=0.83, μSiemens=0.625 and μPhilips=0.75. Applying the κ,μ-correction on the Cr-referenced data decreased the coefficient of variation (CV) of the data for both in vivo data sets (multisubjects: uncorrected CV=13%, κ,μ-corrected CV=5%, single subject: uncorrected CV=23%, κ,μ-corrected CV=13%) but had no significant effect on mean GABA levels. For the water-referenced results, CV increased in the multisubject data (uncorrected CV=6.7%, κ,μ-corrected CV=14%) while it decreased in the single subject data (uncorrected CV=24%, κ,μ-corrected CV=21%) and manufacturer was a significant source of variance in the κ,μ-corrected data. Applying a correction for editing efficiency and macromolecule contamination decreases the variance between different manufacturers for creatine-referenced data, but other sources of variance remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C John Evans
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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167
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Chan KL, Oeltzschner G, Schär M, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Spatial Hadamard encoding of J-edited spectroscopy using slice-selective editing pulses. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3688. [PMID: 28128481 PMCID: PMC5388576 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for simultaneous dual-voxel J-difference spectral editing is described, which uses spatially selective spectral-editing pulses and Hadamard encoding. A theoretical framework for spatial Hadamard editing and reconstruction for parallel acquisition (SHERPA) was developed, applying gradient pulses during the frequency-selective editing pulses. Spectral simulations were performed for either one (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA) or two molecules (glutathione and lactate) simultaneously detected in two voxels. The method was tested in a two-compartment GABA phantom, and finally applied to the left and right hemispheres of 10 normal control subjects, scanned at 3 T. SHERPA was successfully implemented at 3 T and gave results in close agreement with conventional MEGA-PRESS scans in both the phantom and in vivo experiments. Simulations for GABA editing for (3 cm)3 voxels in the left and right hemispheres suggest that both editing efficiency losses and contamination between voxels are about 2%. Compared with conventional single-voxel single-metabolite J-difference editing, two- or fourfold acceleration is possible without significant loss of SNR using the SHERPA method. Unlike some other dual-voxel methods, the method can be used with single-channel receiver coils, and there is no SNR loss due to unfavorable receive-coil geometry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Schär
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
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168
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Chan KL, Saleh MG, Oeltzschner G, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Simultaneous measurement of Aspartate, NAA, and NAAG using HERMES spectral editing at 3 Tesla. Neuroimage 2017; 155:587-593. [PMID: 28438664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the HERMES method ('Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy') can be used to simultaneously edit pairs of metabolites (such as N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAAG), or glutathione and GABA). In this study, HERMES is extended for the simultaneous editing of three overlapping signals, and illustrated for the example of NAA, NAAG and Aspartate (Asp). Density-matrix simulations were performed in order to optimize the HERMES sequence. The method was tested in NAA and Asp phantoms, and applied to the centrum semiovale of the nine healthy control subjects that were scanned at 3T. Both simulations and phantom experiments showed similar metabolite multiplet patterns with good segregation of all three metabolites. In vivo measurements show consistent relative signal intensities and multiplet patterns with concentrations in agreement with literature values. Simulations indicate co-editing of glutathione, glutamine, and glutamate, but their signals do not significantly overlap with the detected aspartyl resonances. This study demonstrates that a four-step Hadamard-encoded editing scheme can be used to simultaneously edit three otherwise overlapping metabolites, and can measure NAA, NAAG, and Asp in vivo in the brain at 3T with minimal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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169
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Delli Pizzi S, Chiacchiaretta P, Mantini D, Bubbico G, Ferretti A, Edden RA, Di Giulio C, Onofrj M, Bonanni L. Functional and neurochemical interactions within the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit and their relevance to emotional processing. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:1267-1279. [PMID: 27566606 PMCID: PMC5549263 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit plays a key role in emotional processing. GABA-ergic inhibition within the mPFC has been suggested to play a role in the shaping of amygdala activity. However, the functional and neurochemical interactions within the amygdala-mPFC circuits and their relevance to emotional processing remain unclear. To investigate this circuit, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and proton MR spectroscopy in 21 healthy subjects to assess the potential relationship between GABA levels within mPFC and the amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity. Trait anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2). Partial correlations were used to measure the relationships among the functional connectivity outcomes, mPFC GABA levels and STAI-Y2 scores. Age, educational level and amount of the gray and white matters within 1H-MRS volume of interest were included as nuisance variables. The rs-fMRI signals of the amygdala and the vmPFC were significantly anti-correlated. This negative functional coupling between the two regions was inversely correlated with the GABA+/tCr level within the mPFC and the STAI-Y2 scores. We suggest a close relationship between mPFC GABA levels and functional interactions within the amygdala-vmPFC circuit, providing new insights in the physiology of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard A Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camillo Di Giulio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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170
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Individual Differences in Resting Corticospinal Excitability Are Correlated with Reaction Time and GABA Content in Motor Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2686-2696. [PMID: 28179557 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3129-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in the intrinsic excitability of their corticospinal pathways and, perhaps more generally, their entire nervous system. At present, we have little understanding of the mechanisms underlying these differences and how variation in intrinsic excitability relates to behavior. Here, we examined the relationship between individual differences in intrinsic corticospinal excitability, local cortical GABA levels, and reaction time (RT) in a group of 20 healthy human adults. We measured corticospinal excitability at rest with transcranial magnetic stimulation, local concentrations of basal GABA with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and RT with a behavioral task. All measurements were repeated in two separate sessions, and tests of reliability confirmed the presence of stable individual differences. There was a negative correlation between corticospinal excitability and RT, such that larger motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) measured at rest were associated with faster RTs. Interestingly, larger MEPs were associated with higher levels of GABA in M1, but not in three other cortical regions. Together, these results suggest that individuals with more excitable corticospinal pathways are faster to initiate planned responses and have higher levels of GABA within M1, possibly to compensate for a more excitable motor system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study brings together physiological, behavioral, and neurochemical evidence to examine variability in the excitability of the human motor system. Previous work has focused on state-based factors (e.g., preparedness, uncertainty), with little attention given to the influence of inherent stable characteristics. Here, we examined how the excitability of the motor system relates to reaction time and the regional content of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Importantly, motor pathway excitability and GABA concentrations were measured at rest, outside a task context, providing assays of intrinsic properties of the individuals. Individuals with more excitable motor pathways had faster reaction times and, paradoxically, higher concentrations of GABA. We propose that greater GABA capacity in the motor cortex counteracts an intrinsically more excitable motor system.
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171
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Porges EC, Woods AJ, Edden RAE, Puts NAJ, Harris AD, Chen H, Garcia AM, Seider TR, Lamb DG, Williamson JB, Cohen RA. Frontal Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Concentrations Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Older Adults. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:38-44. [PMID: 28217759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been associated with perceptual and attentional functioning. Recent application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides in vivo evidence for decreasing GABA concentrations during adulthood. It is unclear, however, how age-related decrements in cerebral GABA concentrations contribute to cognitive decline, or whether previously reported declines in cerebral GABA concentrations persist during healthy aging. We hypothesized that participants with higher GABA concentrations in the frontal cortex would exhibit superior cognitive function and that previously reported age-related decreases in cortical GABA concentrations continue into old age. METHODS We measured GABA concentrations in frontal and posterior midline cerebral regions using a Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) 1H-MRS approach in 94 older adults without history or clinical evidence of mild cognitive impairment or dementia (mean age, 73 years). We administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess cognitive functioning. RESULTS Greater frontal GABA concentrations were associated with superior cognitive performance. This relation remained significant after controlling for age, years of education, and brain atrophy. GABA concentrations in both frontal and posterior regions decreased as a function of age. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings from a large, healthy, older population indicate that cognitive function is sensitive to cerebral GABA concentrations in the frontal cortex, and GABA concentration in frontal and posterior regions continue to decline in later age. These effects suggest that proton MRS may provide a clinically useful method for the assessment of normal and abnormal age-related cognitive changes and the associated physiological contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Huaihou Chen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amanda M Garcia
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Talia R Seider
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Damon G Lamb
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John B Williamson
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Kanaan AS, Gerasch S, García-García I, Lampe L, Pampel A, Anwander A, Near J, Möller HE, Müller-Vahl K. Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 2016; 140:218-234. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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173
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Lange T, Ko CW, Lai PH, Dacko M, Tsai SY, Buechert M. Simultaneous detection of valine and lactate using MEGA-PRESS editing in pyogenic brain abscess. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1739-1747. [PMID: 27779348 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Valine and lactate have been recognized as important metabolic markers to diagnose brain abscess by means of MRS. However, in vivo unambiguous detection and quantification is hampered by macromolecular contamination. In this work, MEGA-PRESS difference editing of valine and lactate is proposed. The method is validated in vitro and applied for quantitative in vivo experiments in one healthy subject and two brain abscess patients. It is demonstrated that with this technique the overlapping lipid signal can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude and thus the robustness of valine and lactate detection in vivo can be enhanced. Quantification of the two abscess MEGA-PRESS spectra yielded valine/lactate concentration ratios of 0.10 and 0.27. These ratios agreed with the concentration ratios determined from concomitantly acquired short-TE PRESS data and were in line with literature values. The quantification accuracy of lactate (as measured with Cramér-Rao lower bounds in LCModel processing) was better for MEGA-PRESS than for short-TE PRESS in all acquired in vivo datasets. The Cramér-Rao lower bounds of valine were only better for MEGA-PRESS in one of the two abscess cases, while in the other case coediting of isoleucine confounded the quantification in the MEGA-PRESS analysis. MEGA-PRESS and short-TE PRESS should be combined for unambiguous quantification of amino acids in abscess measurements. Simultaneous valine/lactate MEGA-PRESS editing might benefit the distinction of brain abscesses from tumors, and further categorization of bacteria with reasonable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wen Ko
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hong Lai
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Dacko
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Buechert
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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174
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Oeltzschner G, Puts NAJ, Chan KL, Boer VO, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Dual-volume excitation and parallel reconstruction for J-difference-edited MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:16-22. [PMID: 27851878 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop J-difference editing with parallel reconstruction in accelerated multivoxel (PRIAM) for simultaneous measurement in two separate brain regions of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutathione. METHODS PRIAM separates signals from two simultaneously excited voxels using receiver-coil sensitivity profiles. PRIAM was implemented into Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) edited experiments at 3 Tesla (T), and validated by acquiring dual-voxel MEGA-PRIAM (and compared with conventional single-voxel MEGA-PRESS) spectra from a GABA/glutathione phantom, and 11 healthy participants. RESULTS MEGA-PRIAM effectively separated phantom spectra with ∼3-4% between-voxel contamination. GABA and glutathione measurements agreed well with those obtained using single-voxel MEGA-PRESS (mean difference was below 2% in GABA levels, and below 7% in glutathione levels). In vivo, GABA- and glutathione-edited spectra were successfully reconstructed with a mean in vivo g-factor of 1.025 (typical voxel-center separation: 7-8 cm). MEGA-PRIAM experiments showed higher signal-to-noise ratio than sequential single-voxel experiments of the same total duration (mean improvement 1.38 ± 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous acquisition of J-difference-edited GABA or glutathione spectra from two voxels is feasible at 3 T. MEGA-PRIAM increases data acquisition rates compared with MEGA-PRESS by a factor of 2. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent O Boer
- Hvidovre Hospital, Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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175
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van Veenendaal TM, IJff DM, Aldenkamp AP, Lazeron RHC, Puts NAJ, Edden RAE, Hofman PAM, de Louw AJA, Backes WH, Jansen JFA. Glutamate concentrations vary with antiepileptic drug use and mental slowing. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 64:200-205. [PMID: 27744245 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective in suppressing epileptic seizures, they also induce (cognitive) side effects, with mental slowing as a general effect. This study aimed to assess whether concentrations of MR detectable neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, are associated with mental slowing in patients with epilepsy taking AEDs. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from patients with localization-related epilepsy using a variety of AEDs from three risk categories, i.e., AEDs with low, intermediate, and high risks of developing cognitive problems. Patients underwent 3T MR spectroscopy, including a PRESS (n=55) and MEGA-PRESS (n=43) sequence, to estimate occipital glutamate and GABA concentrations, respectively. The association was calculated between neurotransmitter concentrations and central information processing speed, which was measured using the Computerized Visual Searching Task (CVST) and compared between the different risk categories. RESULTS Combining all groups, patients with lower processing speeds had lower glutamate concentrations. Patients in the high-risk category had a lower glutamate concentration and lower processing speed compared with patients taking low-risk AEDs. Patients taking intermediate-risk AEDs also had a lower glutamate concentration compared with patients taking low-risk AEDs, but processing speed did not differ significantly between those groups. No associations were found between the GABA concentration and risk category or processing speed. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a relation is shown between glutamate concentration and both mental slowing and AED use. It is suggested that the reduced excitatory action, reflected by lowered glutamate concentrations, may have contributed to the slowing of information processing in patients using AEDs with higher risks of cognitive side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar M van Veenendaal
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique M IJff
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands and Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze/Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert P Aldenkamp
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands and Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze/Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Gent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard H C Lazeron
- Departments of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands and Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze/Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore 21287, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA.
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore 21287, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA.
| | - Paul A M Hofman
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands and Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze/Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton J A de Louw
- Departments of Neurology and Neuropsychology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands and Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze/Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Walter H Backes
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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176
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Mikkelsen M, Singh KD, Brealy JA, Linden DEJ, Evans CJ. Quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 1 H MRS volumes composed heterogeneously of grey and white matter. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1644-1655. [PMID: 27687518 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration using localised MRS suffers from partial volume effects related to differences in the intrinsic concentration of GABA in grey (GM) and white (WM) matter. These differences can be represented as a ratio between intrinsic GABA in GM and WM: rM . Individual differences in GM tissue volume can therefore potentially drive apparent concentration differences. Here, a quantification method that corrects for these effects is formulated and empirically validated. Quantification using tissue water as an internal concentration reference has been described previously. Partial volume effects attributed to rM can be accounted for by incorporating into this established method an additional multiplicative correction factor based on measured or literature values of rM weighted by the proportion of GM and WM within tissue-segmented MRS volumes. Simulations were performed to test the sensitivity of this correction using different assumptions of rM taken from previous studies. The tissue correction method was then validated by applying it to an independent dataset of in vivo GABA measurements using an empirically measured value of rM . It was shown that incorrect assumptions of rM can lead to overcorrection and inflation of GABA concentration measurements quantified in volumes composed predominantly of WM. For the independent dataset, GABA concentration was linearly related to GM tissue volume when only the water signal was corrected for partial volume effects. Performing a full correction that additionally accounts for partial volume effects ascribed to rM successfully removed this dependence. With an appropriate assumption of the ratio of intrinsic GABA concentration in GM and WM, GABA measurements can be corrected for partial volume effects, potentially leading to a reduction in between-participant variance, increased power in statistical tests and better discriminability of true effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mikkelsen
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brealy
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C John Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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177
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Puts NAJ, Wodka EL, Harris AD, Crocetti D, Tommerdahl M, Mostofsky SH, Edden RAE. Reduced GABA and altered somatosensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2016; 10:608-619. [PMID: 27611990 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal responses to tactile stimuli are a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that GABAergic function, which has a crucial role in tactile processing, is altered in ASD. In this study, we determine whether in vivo GABA levels are altered in children with ASD, and whether alterations in GABA levels are associated with abnormal tactile function in these children. METHODS GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired in 37 children with Autism and 35 typically developing children (TDC) from voxels over primary sensorimotor and occipital cortices. Children performed tactile tasks previously shown to be altered in ASD, linked to inhibitory mechanisms. Detection threshold was measured with- and without the presence of a slowly increasing sub-threshold stimulus. Amplitude discrimination was measured with- and without the presence of an adapting stimulus, and frequency discrimination was measured. RESULTS Sensorimotor GABA levels were significantly reduced in children with autism compared to healthy controls. Occipital GABA levels were normal. Sensorimotor GABA levels correlated with dynamic detection threshold as well as with the effect of sub-threshold stimulation. Sensorimotor GABA levels also correlated with amplitude discrimination after adaptation (an effect absent in autism) and frequency discrimination in controls, but not in children with autism. CONCLUSIONS GABA levels correlate with behavioral measures of inhibition. Children with autism have reduced GABA, associated with abnormalities in tactile performance. We show here that altered in vivo GABA levels might predict abnormal tactile information processing in ASD and that the GABA system may be a future target for therapies. Autism Res 2016. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Ericka L Wodka
- Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205.,Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21211.,Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205.,Radiology, University of Calgary, 1403 - 29th Street N.W, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,CAIR Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 1403 - 29th Street N.W, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Deana Crocetti
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205.,Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205.,Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21211.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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178
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Rowland BC, Liao H, Adan F, Mariano L, Irvine J, Lin AP. Correcting for Frequency Drift in Clinical Brain MR Spectroscopy. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:23-28. [PMID: 27601075 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Averaging multiple repetitions to improve signal-to-noise ratio is common practice in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). However, temporal variations in scanner B0 due to motion or gradient heating may cause spectra to become misaligned, broadening and distorting peaks and impacting on processing and quantification. We present a comparison using in vivo data of different methods for correcting these errors. METHODS Three different correction methods were applied to 53 brain scans: residual water peak alignment, creatine fitting, and spectral registration. In 32 of 53 subjects, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired prior to the MRS scan. We compared the resulting linewidths to find the most effective technique. In addition, the impact on metabolite concentration estimates was evaluated. RESULTS MRS data acquired after DTI imaging exhibited a frequency drift four times higher than data without DTI, resulting in changes to metabolite concentrations, particularly glutamate/glutamine. All three correction methods produced significantly improved linewidths relative to uncorrected data, with spectral registration performing best by a small margin. CONCLUSION Frequency correction is an important step in processing MRS data, significantly impacting metabolite quantification, particularly after echo-planar imaging that often occurs with MRS scans in clinical studies. Spectral registration proved most effective at frequency correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Rowland
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Huijun Liao
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Fatah Adan
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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179
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Saleh MG, Oeltzschner G, Chan KL, Puts NAJ, Mikkelsen M, Schär M, Harris AD, Edden RAE. Simultaneous edited MRS of GABA and glutathione. Neuroimage 2016; 142:576-582. [PMID: 27534734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Edited MRS allows the detection of low-concentration metabolites, whose signals are not resolved in the MR spectrum. Tailored acquisitions can be designed to detect, for example, the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or the reduction-oxidation (redox) compound glutathione (GSH), and single-voxel edited experiments are generally acquired at a rate of one metabolite-per-experiment. We demonstrate that simultaneous detection of the overlapping signals of GABA and GSH is possible using Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of Mega-Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES). HERMES applies orthogonal editing encoding (following a Hadamard scheme), such that GSH- and GABA-edited difference spectra can be reconstructed from a single multiplexed experiment. At a TE of 80ms, 20-ms editing pulses are applied at 4.56ppm (on GSH),1.9ppm (on GABA), both offsets (using a dual-lobe cosine-modulated pulse) or neither. Hadamard combinations of the four sub-experiments yield GABA and GSH difference spectra. It is shown that HERMES gives excellent separation of the edited GABA and GSH signals in phantoms, and resulting edited lineshapes agree well with separate Mescher-Garwood Point-resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) acquisitions. In vivo, the quality and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of HERMES spectra are similar to those of sequentially acquired MEGA-PRESS spectra, with the benefit of saving half the acquisition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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180
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GABA levels in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during the viewing of appetitive and disgusting food images. Neuroscience 2016; 333:114-22. [PMID: 27436536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing how the brain appraises the psychological dimensions of reward is one of the central topics of neuroscience. It has become clear that dopamine neurons are implicated in the transmission of both rewarding information and aversive and alerting events through two different neuronal populations involved in encoding the motivational value and the motivational salience of stimuli, respectively. Nonetheless, there is less agreement on the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the related neurotransmitter release during the processing of biologically relevant stimuli. To address this issue, we employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), a non-invasive methodology that allows detection of some metabolites in the human brain in vivo, in order to assess the role of the vmPFC in encoding stimulus value rather than stimulus salience. Specifically, we measured gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and, with control purposes, Glx levels in healthy subjects during the observation of appetitive and disgusting food images. We observed a decrease of GABA and no changes in Glx concentration in the vmPFC in both conditions. Furthermore, a comparatively smaller GABA reduction during the observation of appetitive food images than during the observation of disgusting food images was positively correlated with the scores obtained to the body image concerns sub-scale of Body Uneasiness Test (BUT). These results are consistent with the idea that the vmPFC plays a crucial role in processing both rewarding and aversive stimuli, possibly by encoding stimulus salience through glutamatergic and/or noradrenergic projections to deeper mesencephalic and limbic areas.
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181
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Greenhouse I, Noah S, Maddock RJ, Ivry RB. Individual differences in GABA content are reliable but are not uniform across the human cortex. Neuroimage 2016; 139:1-7. [PMID: 27288552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a powerful tool to measure gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principle inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. We asked whether individual differences in MRS estimates of GABA are uniform across the cortex or vary between regions. In two sessions, resting GABA concentrations in the lateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, dorsal premotor, and occipital cortices were measured in twenty-eight healthy individuals. GABA estimates within each region were stable across weeks, with low coefficients of variation. Despite this stability, the GABA estimates were not correlated between regions. In contrast, the percentage of brain tissue per volume, a control measure, was correlated between the three anterior regions. These results provide an interesting dissociation between an anatomical measure of individual differences and a neurochemical measure. The different patterns of anatomy and GABA concentrations have implications for understanding regional variation in the molecular topography of the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Greenhouse
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Sean Noah
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Richard B Ivry
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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182
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Beta Peak Frequencies at Rest Correlate with Endogenous GABA+/Cr Concentrations in Sensorimotor Cortex Areas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156829. [PMID: 27258089 PMCID: PMC4892568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal oscillatory activity in the beta band (15-30 Hz) is a prominent signal within the human sensorimotor cortex. Computational modeling and pharmacological modulation studies suggest an influence of GABAergic interneurons on the generation of beta band oscillations. Accordingly, studies in humans have demonstrated a correlation between GABA concentrations and power of beta band oscillations. It remains unclear, however, if GABA concentrations also influence beta peak frequencies and whether this influence is present in the sensorimotor cortex at rest and without pharmacological modulation. In the present study, we investigated the relation between endogenous GABA concentration (measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and beta oscillations (measured by magnetoencephalography) at rest in humans. GABA concentrations and beta band oscillations were measured for left and right sensorimotor and occipital cortex areas. A significant positive linear correlation between GABA concentration and beta peak frequency was found for the left sensorimotor cortex, whereas no significant correlations were found for the right sensorimotor and the occipital cortex. The results show a novel connection between endogenous GABA concentration and beta peak frequency at rest. This finding supports previous results that demonstrated a connection between oscillatory beta activity and pharmacologically modulated GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that for a predominantly right-handed sample, the correlation between beta band oscillations and endogenous GABA concentrations is evident only in the left sensorimotor cortex.
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183
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Edden RAE, Oeltzschner G, Harris AD, Puts NAJ, Chan KL, Boer VO, Schär M, Barker PB. Prospective frequency correction for macromolecule-suppressed GABA editing at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1474-1482. [PMID: 27239903 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of B0 field offsets and drift on macromolecule (MM)-suppressed GABA-editing experiments, and to implement and test a prospective correction scheme. "Symmetric" editing schemes are proposed to suppress unwanted coedited MM signals in GABA editing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Full density-matrix simulations of both conventional (nonsymmetric) and symmetric MM-suppressed editing schemes were performed for the GABA spin system to evaluate their offset-dependence. Phantom and in vivo (15 subjects at 3T) GABA-edited experiments with symmetrical suppression of MM signals were performed to quantify the effects of field offsets on the total GABA+MM signal (designated GABA+). A prospective frequency correction method based on interleaved water referencing (IWR) acquisitions was implemented and its experimental performance evaluated during positive and negative drift. RESULTS Simulations show that the signal from MM-suppressed symmetrical editing schemes is an order of magnitude more susceptible to field offsets than the signal from nonsymmetric editing schemes. The MM-suppressed GABA signal changes by 8.6% per Hz for small field offsets. IWR significantly reduces variance in the field offset and measured GABA levels (both P < 0.001 by F-tests), maintaining symmetric suppression of MM signal. CONCLUSION Symmetrical editing schemes substantially increase the dependence of measurements on B0 field offsets, which can arise due to patient movement and/or scanner instability. It is recommended that symmetrical editing should be used in combination with effective B0 stabilization, such as that provided by IWR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1474-1482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,CAIR Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent O Boer
- Hvidovre Hospital, Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Michael Schär
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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184
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Saleh MG, Alhamud A, Near J, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM. Volumetric navigated MEGA-SPECIAL for real-time motion and shim corrected GABA editing. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:248-55. [PMID: 26663075 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) editing with spin echo full intensity acquired localization (MEGA-SPECIAL, MSpc) is a technique to acquire γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) without macromolecule (MM) contamination at a TE of 68 ms. However, due to the requirement of multiple shot-localization, it is often susceptible to subject motion and B0 inhomogeneity. A method is presented for real-time shim and motion correction (ShMoCo) using volumetric navigators to correct for motion and motion-related B0 inhomogeneity during MSpc acquisition. A phantom experiment demonstrates that ShMoCo restores the GABA peak and improves spectral quality in the presence of motion and zero- and first-order shim changes. The ShMoCo scans were validated in three subjects who performed up-down and left-right head rotations. Qualitative assessment of these scans indicates effective reduction of subtraction artefacts and well edited GABA peaks, while quantitative analysis indicates superior fitting and spectral quality relative to scans with no correction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - A Alhamud
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jamie Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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185
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Chan KL, Puts NAJ, Snoussi K, Harris AD, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Echo time optimization for J-difference editing of glutathione at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:498-504. [PMID: 26918659 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the echo time (TE) dependence of J-difference editing of glutathione and to determine the optimal TE for in vivo measurements at 3T. METHODS Spatially resolved density-matrix simulations and phantom experiments were performed at a range of TEs to establish the spatial and TE modulation of glutathione signals in editing-on, editing-off, and difference spectra at 3T. In vivo data were acquired in five healthy subjects to compare a TE of 68 ms and a TE of 120 ms. At the longer TE, high-bandwidth, frequency-modulated, slice-selective refocusing pulses were also compared with conventional amplitude-modulated pulses. RESULTS Simulations and relaxation-corrected phantom experiments suggest that the maximum edited signal occurs at TE 160 ms, ignoring transverse relaxation. Considering in vivo T2 relaxation times of 67-89 ms, the optimal in vivo TE is estimated to be 120 ms. In vivo measurements showed that this TE yielded 15% more signal than TE 68 ms. A further gain of 57% resulted from using improved slice-selective refocusing pulses. CONCLUSION J-difference editing of glutathione using TE 120 ms delivers increased signal due to improved editing efficiency that more than offsets T2 losses. The additional TE also allows for use of improved slice-selective refocusing pulses, which results in additional signal gains. Magn Reson Med 77:498-504, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karim Snoussi
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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186
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Abstract
UNLABELLED It is not known why tinnitus occurs in some cases of hearing damage but not others. Abnormalities of excitation-inhibition balance could influence whether tinnitus develops and its severity if it does. Animal models of hearing damage, which also produce tinnitus based on behavioral evidence, have identified abnormalities of GABAergic inhibition, both cortically and subcortically. However, the precise relationships of GABA inhibitory changes to tinnitus itself, as opposed to other consequences of hearing damage, remain uncertain. Here, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to non-invasively quantify GABA in the left (LAC) and right (RAC) auditory cortices of a group of 14 patients with lateralized tinnitus (eight left ear) and 14 controls matched for age, sex, and hearing. We also explored the potential relationships with other brain metabolites (i.e., choline, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine). The presence of tinnitus was associated with a reduction in auditory cortex GABA concentration. Regardless of tinnitus laterality, post hoc testing indicated reductions that were significant in RAC and nonsignificant in LAC. Tinnitus severity and hearing loss were correlated positively with RAC choline but not GABA. We discuss the results in the context of current models of tinnitus and methodological constraints. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Permanently affecting one in seven adults, tinnitus lacks both widely effective treatments and adequate understanding of its brain mechanisms. Existing animal models represent tinnitus that may not be distinguishable from homeostatic responses to the auditory insults used to induce it. Human studies can be well controlled in this regard but are usually not (with few even matching control subjects for hearing loss) and are limited in scope as a result of relying solely on non-invasive recording techniques. Here, we exploit recent advances in non-invasive spectroscopic techniques to establish, in a human study tightly controlled for hearing loss and hyperacusis, that tinnitus is associated with a significant reduction in auditory cortex GABA concentration, which has implications for understanding and treatment of the condition.
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187
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Lally N, An L, Banerjee D, Niciu MJ, Luckenbaugh DA, Richards EM, Roiser JP, Shen J, Zarate CA, Nugent AC. Reliability of 7T (1) H-MRS measured human prefrontal cortex glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione signals using an adapted echo time optimized PRESS sequence: A between- and within-sessions investigation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:88-98. [PMID: 26059603 PMCID: PMC4671833 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the mechanisms of neuropsychiatric illnesses and their treatment, accurate and reliable imaging techniques are required; proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) can noninvasively measure glutamatergic function. Evidence suggests that aberrant glutamatergic signaling plays a role in numerous psychopathologies. Until recently, overlapping glutamatergic signals (glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione) could not easily be separated. However, the advent of novel pulse sequences and higher field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows more precise resolution of overlapping glutamatergic signals, although the question of signal reliability remains undetermined. MATERIALS AND METHODS At 7T MR, we acquired (1) H-MRS data from the medial pregenual anterior cingulate cortex of healthy volunteers (n = 26) twice on two separate days. An adapted echo time optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence, modified with the addition of a J-suppression pulse to attenuate N-acetyl-aspartate multiplet signals at 2.49 ppm, was used to excite and acquire the spectra. In-house software was used to model glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione, among other metabolites, referenced to creatine. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed for within- and between-session measurements. RESULTS Within-session measurements of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione were on average reliable (ICCs ≥0.7). As anticipated, ICCs for between-session values of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione were slightly lower but nevertheless reliable (ICC >0.62). A negative correlation was observed between glutathione concentration and age (r(24) = -0.37; P < 0.05), and a gender effect was noted on glutamine and glutathione. CONCLUSION The adapted sequence provides good reliability to measure glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níall Lally
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Li An
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dipavo Banerjee
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark J. Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erica M. Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Jun Shen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison C. Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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188
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Delli Pizzi S, Padulo C, Brancucci A, Bubbico G, Edden RA, Ferretti A, Franciotti R, Manippa V, Marzoli D, Onofrj M, Sepede G, Tartaro A, Tommasi L, Puglisi-Allegra S, Bonanni L. GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:758-66. [PMID: 26722018 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in emotion processing and regulation. vmPFC dysfunction may lead to disinhibition of amygdala causing high anxiety levels. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) inter-neurons within vmPFC shape the information flow to amygdala. Thus, we hypothesize that GABA content within vmPFC could be relevant to trait anxiety. Forty-three healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years were assessed for trait anxiety with the Subscale-2 of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2) and were studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate GABA and Glx (glutamate+glutamine) contents within vmPFC. Total creatine (tCr) was used as internal reference. Partial correlations assessed the association between metabolite levels and STAI-Y2 scores, removing the effect of possible nuisance factors including age, educational level, volumes of gray matter and white matter within magnetic resonance spectroscopy voxel. We observed a positive relationship between GABA/tCr and STAI-Y2 scores. No significant relationships were found between Glx/tCr and STAI-Y2 and between tCr/water and STAI-Y2. No differences were found between males and females as regards to age, STAI-Y2, GABA/tCr, Glx/tCr, tCr/water, gray matter and white matter volumes. We suggest a close relationship between GABA content within vmPFC and trait anxiety providing new insights in the physiology of emotional brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brancucci
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard A Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, "The Johns Hopkins University" School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Valerio Manippa
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Daniele Marzoli
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza" of Roma, Italy, and Foundation Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
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189
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Simpson R, Devenyi GA, Jezzard P, Hennessy TJ, Near J. Advanced processing and simulation of
MRS
data using the
FID
appliance (
FID‐A
)—An open source,
MATLAB
‐based toolkit. Magn Reson Med 2015; 77:23-33. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Simpson
- Department of Radiology, Medical PhysicsFreiburg UniversityFreiburg Germany
| | - Gabriel A. Devenyi
- Centre d'Imagerie CérébraleDouglas Mental Health University InstituteMontreal Canada
| | - Peter Jezzard
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxford UK
| | - T. Jay Hennessy
- Centre d'Imagerie CérébraleDouglas Mental Health University InstituteMontreal Canada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontreal Canada
| | - Jamie Near
- Centre d'Imagerie CérébraleDouglas Mental Health University InstituteMontreal Canada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontreal Canada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontreal Canada
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190
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Dennis A, Thomas AG, Rawlings NB, Near J, Nichols TE, Clare S, Johansen-Berg H, Stagg CJ. An Ultra-High Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Post Exercise Lactate, Glutamate and Glutamine Change in the Human Brain. Front Physiol 2015; 6:351. [PMID: 26732236 PMCID: PMC4681779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During strenuous exercise there is a progressive increase in lactate uptake and metabolism into the brain as workload and plasma lactate levels increase. Although it is now widely accepted that the brain can metabolize lactate, few studies have directly measured brain lactate following vigorous exercise. Here, we used ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain to obtain static measures of brain lactate, as well as brain glutamate and glutamine after vigorous exercise. The aims of our experiment were to (a) track the changes in brain lactate following recovery from exercise, and (b) to simultaneously measure the signals from brain glutamate and glutamine. The results of our experiment showed that vigorous exercise resulted in a significant increase in brain lactate. Furthermore, both glutamate and glutamine were successfully resolved, and as expected, although contrary to some previous reports, we did not observe any significant change in either amino acid after exercise. We did however observe a negative correlation between glutamate and a measure of fitness. These results support the hypothesis that peripherally derived lactate is taken up by the brain when available. Our data additionally highlight the potential of ultra-high field MRS as a non-invasive way of measuring multiple brain metabolite changes with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dennis
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Adam G Thomas
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy B Rawlings
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Near
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Department of Statistics and Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - Stuart Clare
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Physiological Neuroimaging Group, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of OxfordOxford, UK
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191
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Cohen Kadosh K, Krause B, King AJ, Near J, Cohen Kadosh R. Linking GABA and glutamate levels to cognitive skill acquisition during development. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4334-45. [PMID: 26350618 PMCID: PMC4832309 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental adjustments in the balance of excitation and inhibition are thought to constrain the plasticity of sensory areas of the cortex. It is unknown however, how changes in excitatory or inhibitory neurochemical expression (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) contribute to skill acquisition during development. Here we used single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to reveal how differences in cortical glutamate vs. GABA ratios relate to face proficiency and working memory abilities in children and adults. We show that higher glutamate levels in the inferior frontal gyrus correlated positively with face processing proficiency in the children, but not the adults, an effect which was independent of age-dependent differences in underlying cortical gray matter. Moreover, we found that glutamate/GABA levels and gray matter volume are dissociated at the different maturational stages. These findings suggest that increased excitation during development is linked to neuroplasticity and the acquisition of new cognitive skills. They also offer a new, neurochemical approach to investigating the relationship between cognitive performance and brain development across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Beatrix Krause
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. King
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jamie Near
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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192
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Binczyk F, Tarnawski R, Polanska J. Strategies for optimizing the phase correction algorithms in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14 Suppl 2:S5. [PMID: 26329486 PMCID: PMC4648061 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-14-s2-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a popular medical diagnostic
technique. NMR is also the favourite tool of chemists/biochemists to elucidate the
molecular structure of small or big molecules; it is also a widely used tool in
material science, in food science etc. In the case of medical diagnosis it allows for
determining a metabolic composition of analysed tissue which may support the
identification of tumour cells. Precession signal, that is a crucial part of MR
phenomenon, contains distortions that must be filtered out before signal analysis.
One of such distortions is phase error. Five popular algorithms: Automics, Shanon's entropy minimization, Ernst's method,
Dispa and eDispa are presented and discussed. A novel adaptive tuning algorithm for
Automics method was developed and numerically optimal solutions to automatic tuning
of the other four algorithms were proposed. To validate the performance of the
proposed techniques, two experiments were performed - the first one was done with the
use of in silico generated data. For all presented methods, the fine tuning
strategies significantly increased the correction accuracy. The highest improvement
was observed for Automics algorithm, independently of noise level, with relative
phase error dropping by average from 10.25% to 2.40% for low noise level and from
12.45% to 2.66% for high noise level. The second validation experiment, done with the
use of phantom data, confirmed the in silico results. The obtained accuracy
of the estimation of metabolite concentration was at 99.5%.
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193
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Puts NAJ, Harris AD, Crocetti D, Nettles C, Singer HS, Tommerdahl M, Edden RAE, Mostofsky SH. Reduced GABAergic inhibition and abnormal sensory symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:808-17. [PMID: 26041822 PMCID: PMC4533064 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00060.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by the presence of chronic tics. Individuals with TS often report difficulty with ignoring (habituating to) tactile sensations, and some patients perceive that this contributes to a "premonitory urge" to tic. While common, the physiological basis of impaired tactile processing in TS, and indeed tics themselves, remain poorly understood. It has been well established that GABAergic processing plays an important role in shaping the neurophysiological response to tactile stimulation. Furthermore, there are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a deficit in GABAergic transmission may contribute to symptoms found in TS. In this study, GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with a battery of vibrotactile tasks to investigate the role of GABA and atypical sensory processing in children with TS. Our results show reduced primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) GABA concentration in children with TS compared with healthy control subjects (HC), as well as patterns of impaired performance on tactile detection and adaptation tasks, consistent with altered GABAergic function. Moreover, in children with TS SM1 GABA concentration correlated with motor tic severity, linking the core feature of TS directly to in vivo brain neurochemistry. There was an absence of the typical correlation between GABA and frequency discrimination performance in TS as was seen in HC. These data show that reduced GABA concentration in TS may contribute to both motor tics and sensory impairments in children with TS. Understanding the mechanisms of altered sensory processing in TS may provide a foundation for novel interventions to alleviate these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carrie Nettles
- Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harvey S Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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194
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Aguila MER, Lagopoulos J, Leaver AM, Rebbeck T, Hübscher M, Brennan PC, Refshauge KM. Elevated levels of GABA+ in migraine detected using (1) H-MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:890-897. [PMID: 25997981 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in several pain conditions, yet no study has systematically evaluated GABA levels in migraine using (1) H-MRS. The accurate detection, separation and quantification of GABA in individuals with migraine could elucidate the role of this neurotransmitter in migraine pathophysiology. Such information may eventually be useful in the diagnosis and development of more effective treatments for migraine. The aims of this study were therefore to compare the concentration of GABA+ in individuals with migraine with that in asymptomatic individuals, and to determine the diagnostic potential of GABA+ in the classification of those with or without migraine. In this case-control study, GABA+ levels in the brain were determined in 19 participants with migraine and 19 matched controls by (1) H-MRS using Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence. The diagnostic accuracy of GABA+ for the detection of migraine and the optimal cut-off value were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. GABA+ levels were significantly higher (p = 0.002) in those with migraine [median, 1.41 institutional units (IU); interquartile range, 1.31-1.50 IU] than in controls (median, 1.18 IU; interquartile range, 1.12-1.35 IU). The GABA+ concentration appears to have good accuracy for the classification of individuals with or without migraine [area under the curve (95% confidence interval), 0.837 (0.71-0.96); p < 0.001]. The optimal GABA+ cut-off value for migraine was 1.30 IU, with a sensitivity of 84.2%, specificity of 68.4% and positive likelihood ratio of +2.67. The outcomes of this study suggest altered GABA metabolism in migraine. These results add to the scarce evidence on the putative role of GABA in migraine and provide a basis to further explore the causal relationship between GABA+ and the pathophysiology of migraine. This study also demonstrates that GABA+ concentration has good diagnostic accuracy for migraine. These findings offer new research and practice directions for migraine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eliza R Aguila
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
- University of the Philippines College of Allied Medical Professions, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M Leaver
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Trudy Rebbeck
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Hübscher
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick C Brennan
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn M Refshauge
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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195
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Harris AD, Puts NAJ, Anderson BA, Yantis S, Pekar JJ, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Multi-regional investigation of the relationship between functional MRI blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation and GABA concentration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117531. [PMID: 25699994 PMCID: PMC4336183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported an inter-individual correlation between regional GABA concentration, as measured by MRS, and the amplitude of the functional blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response in the same region. In this study, we set out to investigate whether this coupling generalizes across cortex. In 18 healthy participants, we performed edited MRS measurements of GABA and BOLD-fMRI experiments using regionally related activation paradigms. Regions and tasks were the: occipital cortex with a visual grating stimulus; auditory cortex with a white noise stimulus; sensorimotor cortex with a finger-tapping task; frontal eye field with a saccade task; and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a working memory task. In contrast to the prior literature, no correlation between GABA concentration and BOLD activation was detected in any region. The origin of this discrepancy is not clear. Subtle differences in study design or insufficient power may cause differing results; these and other potential reasons for the discrepant results are discussed. This negative result, although it should be interpreted with caution, has a larger sample size than prior positive results, and suggests that the relationship between GABA and the BOLD response may be more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Harris
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolaas A. J. Puts
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven Yantis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James J. Pekar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Barker
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Harris AD, Puts NAJ, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Spectral-editing measurements of GABA in the human brain with and without macromolecule suppression. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1523-9. [PMID: 25521836 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The conventional spectral-editing experiment used to measure GABA in the human brain also contains a contribution from macromolecules (MM), and the combined GABA plus MM signal is often referred to as "GABA+". More recently, methods have been developed to estimate GABA free from MM contamination. In this study, the relationship between GABA acquired with MM suppression and conventional GABA+ measurements was examined. METHODS GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS experiments with and without MM suppression were performed in the sensorimotor and occipital cortex of 12 healthy subjects at 3 Tesla. The correlation between GABA+ and MM-suppressed GABA measures was then determined. RESULTS Across all data, a significant correlation between GABA+ and MM-suppressed GABA was found (r = 0.48; P = 0.02). Regionally, the sensorimotor voxel showed a trend toward a correlation of r = 0.53, P = 0.07 and the occipital voxel did not show a correlation, r = 0.058, P = 0.9. CONCLUSION GABA+ and MM-suppressed GABA are moderately correlated, but statistical power to reveal this relationship may vary regionally. The MM signal, while often assumed to be functionally irrelevant, appears to show inter-individual and inter-regional variance that impacts the correlation of GABA+ and MM-suppressed GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Dong F, Chen L, Zheng L, Guo X, Li J. Anterior insula GABA levels correlate with emotional aspects of empathy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113845. [PMID: 25419976 PMCID: PMC4242717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is a multidimensional construct referring to the capacity to understand and share the emotional and affective states of another person. Cerebral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic levels are associated with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the role of the GABA system in different dimensions of empathy has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two right-handed healthy volunteers took part in this study. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine GABA concentrations in the anterior insula (AI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and to examine the relationship between the GABA concentrations and the subcomponents of empathy evaluated by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). RESULT Pearson correlation analyses (two-tailed) showed that AI GABA was significantly associated with the empathy concern score (r = 0.584, p<0.05) and the personal distress score (r = 0.538, p<0.05) but not significantly associated with other empathy subscales. No significant correlation was found between ACC GABA and empathy subscores. CONCLUSION Left AI GABA was positively correlated with the emotional aspects of empathy. These preliminary findings call into question whether AI GABA alterations might predict empathy dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, which have been described as deficits in emotional empathic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luguang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Bai X, Edden RAE, Gao F, Wang G, Wu L, Zhao B, Wang M, Chan Q, Chen W, Barker PB. Decreased γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the parietal region of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1326-31. [PMID: 24863149 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether there are in vivo differences of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in frontal and parietal regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, compared with healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen AD patients and fifteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent (1) H-MRS of the frontal and parietal lobes using the "MEGA-Point Resolved Spectroscopy Sequence" (MEGA-PRESS) technique, and cognitive levels of subjects were evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests. MRS data were processed using the Gannet program. Because the signal detected by MEGA-PRESS includes contributions from GABA, macromolecules and homocarnosine, it is labeled as "GABA+" rather than GABA. Differences of GABA+/Cr ratios between AD patients and controls were tested using covariance analysis, adjusting for gray matter fraction. The relationship between GABA+/Cr and MMSE scores was also analyzed. RESULTS Significant lower GABA+/Cr ratios were found in the parietal region of AD patients compared with controls (P = 0.041). In AD patients, no significant correlations between GABA+/Cr and MMSE scores were found in either the frontal (r = -0.164; P = 0.558) or parietal regions (r = 0.025; P = 0.929). CONCLUSION Decreased GABA+/Cr levels were present in the parietal region of patients with AD in vivo, suggesting that abnormalities of the GABAergic system may be present in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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