151
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Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081140. [PMID: 32731505 PMCID: PMC7465033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in dietary restrictions for their promising effects on longevity and health span. Indeed, these strategies are supposed to delay the onset and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurological and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. At the same time, the gut microbiota has been shown to play a crucial role in NCDs since it is actively involved in maintaining gut homeostasis through its impact on nutrients metabolism, gut barrier, and immune system. There is evidence that dietary restrictions could slow down age-related changes in the types and numbers of gut bacteria, which may counteract gut dysbiosis. The beneficial effects on gut microbiota may positively influence host metabolism, gut barrier permeability, and brain functions, and subsequently, postpone the onset of NCDs prolonging the health span. These new insights could lead to the development of novel strategies for modulating gut microbiota with the end goal of treating/preventing NCDs. This review provides an overview of animal and human studies focusing on gut microbiota variations during different types of dietary restriction, in order to highlight the close relationship between gut microbiota balance and the host's health benefits induced by these nutritional regimens.
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152
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Kadambari S, Klenerman P, Pollard AJ. Why the elderly appear to be more severely affected by COVID-19: The potential role of immunosenescence and CMV. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2144. [PMID: 32671966 PMCID: PMC7404358 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The significantly higher mortality rates seen in the elderly compared with young children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic is likely to be driven in part by an impaired immune response in older individuals. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence approaches 80% in the elderly. CMV has been shown to accelerate immune ageing by affecting peripheral blood T cell phenotypes and increasing inflammatory mediated cytokines such as IL‐6. The elderly with pre‐existing but clinically silent CMV infection may therefore be particularly susceptible to severe Covid‐19 disease and succumb to a cytokine storm which may have been promoted by CMV. Here, we evaluate the potential role of CMV in those with severe Covid‐19 disease and consider how this relationship can be investigated in current research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seilesh Kadambari
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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153
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Li X, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Ding G, Wei F. Aging affects responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to immunosuppression of periodontal ligament stem cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520930853. [PMID: 32663414 PMCID: PMC7364836 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520930853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect of age on the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to immunosuppression induced by human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is unclear. The identity of the cytokines most effective in inducing the PBMC immune response remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of age on immunophenotype, proliferation, activation, and cytokine secretion capacities of PBMCs following co-culture with hPDLSCs. Methods PBMCs were collected from younger (16–19 years) and older (45–55 years) donors, then co-cultured with confirmed hPDLSCs for various lengths of time. T lymphocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine expression levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results CD28 expression by T lymphocytes decreased with age, indicating reduced proliferation; CD95 expression increased with age, indicating enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, hPDLSCs inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation in both age groups; this inhibition was stronger in cells from older donors than in cells from younger donors. Age reduced the secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ, whereas it increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-β by PBMCs cultured with hPDLSCs. Conclusions Aging may have a robust effect on the response of PBMCs towards hPDLSC-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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154
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The ratio of prematurely aging to non-prematurely aging mice cohabiting, conditions their behavior, immunity and lifespan. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577240. [PMID: 32330742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) show behavioral deterioration, premature immunosenescence and increased oxidative stress, impairments that are associated with their shorter lifespan, compared to the corresponding exceptional non-prematurely aging mice (ENPAM). When PAM live in a predominantly ENPAM environment (2/5, respectively) they exhibit an improvement of immunity and redox state in their spleen and thymus leukocytes, and an increased lifespan. Nevertheless, it is unknown if other PAM/ENPAM ratios could affect behavioral and peritoneal leukocyte functions of PAM and change their lifespan. ENPAM and PAM were divided into the following groups: C-ENPAM (8 ENPAM in the cage); C-PAM (8 PAM in the cage); ENPAM>50% and PAM<50% (5 ENPAM/2 PAM in each cage); ENPAM = 50% and PAM = 50% (4 ENPAM/4 PAM in each cage), and PAM>50% and ENPAM<50% (5 PAM/2 ENPAM in each cage). After two months, mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests. Several functions and oxidative stress parameters were then assessed in their peritoneal leukocytes. Animals were maintained in these conditions to analyze their lifespan. The results showed that PAM>50%, PAM = 50% and PAM<50% exhibited better behavioral responses, immunity and redox states in their peritoneal leukocytes than C-PAM. This improvement was higher when the number of ENPAM in the cage was increased, with most of the parameters in PAM<50% reaching similar values to those in C-ENPAM, and an increased lifespan. However, ENPAM that cohabited with PAM showed, in general, an impairment of parameters studied. In conclusion, the PAM/ENPAM cohabitation ratio is relevant to behavior and immunity.
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155
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Mahale P, Weisenburger DD, Kahn AR, Gonsalves L, Pawlish K, Koch L, Tirado-Gomez M, Clarke CA, Alverson G, Shiels MS, Engels EA. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected people and solid organ transplant recipients. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:514-521. [PMID: 32510592 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and solid organ transplant recipients have elevated risk of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Little is known regarding ALCL risk factors in immunosuppressed populations. We used data from US cancer registries linked to HIV registries (1996-2016) and to the national transplant registry (1992-2017). ALCL risk in HIV-infected people and transplant recipients relative to the general population was calculated as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR). ALCL risk factors were evaluated using Poisson regression. We identified 121 incident ALCL cases in the HIV (n = 86) and transplant (n = 35) populations. We reviewed pathology reports for 45 cases and most (86·7%) were confirmed as ALCL. Epstein-Barr virus tested positive in 1/8 (12·5%) cases. Compared to the general population, ALCL risk was strongly elevated among HIV-infected people [SIR 5·43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·27-6·81] and transplant recipients (5·96; 4·03-8·49). Among HIV-infected people, ALCL incidence was strongly related to CD4 count [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 0·15 for ≥500 vs. <200 cells/μl; P trend < 0·001]. Among transplant recipients, risk was highest within the first year (aIRR 6·82) and 10+ years post-transplant (5·99). In conclusion, ALCL risk is strongly increased in these immunosuppressed populations but may be unrelated to EBV infection based on limited reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Mahale
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Amy R Kahn
- New York State Cancer Registry, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Karen Pawlish
- Cancer Epidemiology Services, Department of Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Lori Koch
- Illinois State Cancer Registry, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gomez
- Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Georgetta Alverson
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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156
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Hidalgo Y, Núñez S, Fuenzalida MJ, Flores-Santibáñez F, Sáez PJ, Dorner J, Lennon-Dumenil AM, Martínez V, Zorn E, Rosemblatt M, Sauma D, Bono MR. Thymic B Cells Promote Germinal Center-Like Structures and the Expansion of Follicular Helper T Cells in Lupus-Prone Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32411134 PMCID: PMC7199236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the activation of autoreactive T and B cells, autoantibody production, and immune complex deposition in various organs. Previous evidence showed abnormal accumulation of B cells in the thymus of lupus-prone mice, but the role of this population in the progression of the disease remains mostly undefined. Here we analyzed the spatial distribution, function, and properties of this thymic B cell population in the BWF1 murine model of SLE. We found that in diseased animals, thymic B cells proliferate, and cluster in structures that resemble ectopic germinal centers. Moreover, we detected antibody-secreting cells in the thymus of diseased-BWF1 mice that produce anti-dsDNA IgG autoantibodies. We also found that thymic B cells from diseased-BWF1 mice induced the differentiation of thymocytes to follicular helper T cells (TFH). These data suggest that the accumulation of B cells in the thymus of BWF1 mice results in the formation of germinal center-like structures and the expansion of a TFH population, which may, in turn, activate and differentiate B cells into autoreactive plasma cells. Therefore, the thymus emerges as an important niche that supports the maintenance of the pathogenic humoral response in the development of murine SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessia Hidalgo
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells-Consorcio Regenero, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Maria Jose Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Dorner
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Victor Martínez
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emmanuel Zorn
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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157
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Zeng J, Zhang X, Wang J, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Zhou W. Comparison of Donepezil, Memantine, Melatonin, and Liuwei Dihuang Decoction on Behavioral and Immune Endocrine Responses of Aged Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Resistant 1 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:350. [PMID: 32477103 PMCID: PMC7241684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process associated with cognitive decline and neuroendocrine–immune system changes; the neuroendocrine–immune system plays crucial role in brain aging and neurodegeneration, and it is essential to discern beneficial attempts to delay the aging progress based on immunological aging. In this study, we have investigated the effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)—Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW)—and donepezil, memantine, and melatonin on cognitive decline in aging mice. The aged SAMR1 mice received oral administration of donepezil (1mg/kg), memantine (10 mg/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg), and LW (10 g/kg) for 3 months. A shuttle box, Morris water maze, and elevated-zero maze were performed to assess cognitive function, and flowcytometry, Luminex, and radioimmunoassay were performed to measure the lymphocyte subsets, inflammatory factors, and hormones. We observed that survival days of mice was increased with melatonin and LW, the anxiety behavior was significantly improved by memantine, melatonin, and LW treatment, active avoidance responses significantly improved by LW, donepezil, and memantine, the spatial learning ability was significantly improved by donepezil, and LW and melatonin were beneficial to the spatial memory of old mice. For immune function, LW increased CD4+ and CD4+CD28+ cells and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and G-CSF in plasma, and it also promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 by regulating the active of Th2 cells in spleen. Donepezil and memantine exerted protective effects against CD4+CD28+ cell decrease caused by aging and reduced the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and G-CSF in plasma. Melatonin could reverse CD8+CD28+ cell imbalances and increased B cells. For endocrine factors, LW increased TSH levels in the pituitary, and melatonin increased the GH level in blood. Our findings indicated that LW improved the cognitive decline in aging mice, and this might be associated with modulation of the active T cells and HPG axis hormones as well as increasing anti-inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, donepezil and memantine have advantages in regulating adaptive immunity, melatonin has advantages in the regulation of B cells and pituitary hormones, and LW exhibits a better effect on neuroendocrine immune function compared with the others from a holistic point of view. LW might be a potential therapeutic strategy for anti-aging-related syndromes, and it can also provide a value on medication guidance about drug combinations or treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zeng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
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158
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Abstract
The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature, and they rely on TLR7 or TLR9 signals in the context of Th1 cytokines for their formation and activation. Most are antigen-experienced memory B cells that arise during responses to microbial infections and are key to pathogen clearance and control. Their increasing prevalence with age contributes to several well-established features of immunosenescence, including reduced B cell genesis and damped immune responses. In addition, they are elevated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and in these settings they are enriched for characteristic autoantibody specificities. Together, these features identify age-associated B cells as a subset with pivotal roles in immunological health, disease, and aging. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their origins, functions, and physiology should make them tractable translational targets in each of these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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159
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Kasherman L, Siu DHW, Lee KWC, Lord S, Marschner I, Lewis CR, Friedlander M, Lee CK. Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with advanced stage cancers: A meta-analysis. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 11:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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160
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Saare M, Tserel L, Haljasmägi L, Taalberg E, Peet N, Eimre M, Vetik R, Kingo K, Saks K, Tamm R, Milani L, Kisand K, Peterson P. Monocytes present age-related changes in phospholipid concentration and decreased energy metabolism. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13127. [PMID: 32107839 PMCID: PMC7189998 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐related changes at the cellular level include the dysregulation of metabolic and signaling pathways. Analyses of blood leukocytes have revealed a set of alterations that collectively lower their ability to fight infections and resolve inflammation later in life. We studied the transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic profiles of monocytes extracted from younger adults and individuals over the age of 65 years to map major age‐dependent changes in their cellular physiology. We found that the monocytes from older persons displayed a decrease in the expression of ribosomal and mitochondrial protein genes and exhibited hypomethylation at the HLA class I locus. Additionally, we found elevated gene expression associated with cell motility, including the CX3CR1 and ARID5B genes, which have been associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of two genes, PLA2G4B and ALOX15B, which belong to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway involved in phosphatidylcholine conversion to anti‐inflammatory lipoxins, correlated with increased phosphatidylcholine content in monocytes from older individuals. We found age‐related changes in monocyte metabolic fitness, including reduced mitochondrial function and increased glycose consumption without the capacity to upregulate it during increased metabolic needs, and signs of increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. In conclusion, our results complement existing findings and elucidate the metabolic alterations that occur in monocytes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Saare
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Nadežda Peet
- Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Margus Eimre
- Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Rait Vetik
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Clinic of Dermatology Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Saks
- Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Riin Tamm
- Laboratory of Immune Analysis, United Laboratories Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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161
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Zhavoronkov A. Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6492-6510. [PMID: 32229705 PMCID: PMC7202545 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros "old man" and epilavís, "harmful") infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park (HKSTP), Tai Po, Hong Kong
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
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162
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Hun ML, Wong K, Gunawan JR, Alsharif A, Quinn K, Chidgey AP. Gender Disparity Impacts on Thymus Aging and LHRH Receptor Antagonist-Induced Thymic Reconstitution Following Chemotherapeutic Damage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32194555 PMCID: PMC7062683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main consequences of thymus aging is the decrease in naïve T cell output. This condition accelerates at the onset of puberty, and presents as a major clinical complication for cancer patients who require cytoablative therapy. Specifically, the extensive use of chemotherapeutics, such as cyclophosphamide, in such treatments damage thymic structure and eliminate the existing naïve T cell repertoire. The resulting immunodeficiency can lead to increased incidence of opportunistic infections, tumor growth relapse and/or autoimmune diseases, particularly in older patients. Thus, strategies aimed at rejuvenating the aged thymus following chemotherapeutic damage are required. Previous studies have revealed that sex hormone deprivation in male mice is capable of regenerating the thymic microenvironment following chemotherapy treatment, however, further investigation is crucial to identify gender-based differences, and the molecular mechanisms involved during thymus regeneration. Through phenotypic analyzes, we identified gender-specific alterations in thymocytes and thymic epithelial cell (TEC) subsets from the onset of puberty. By middle-age, females presented with a higher number of thymocytes in comparison to males, yet a decrease in their Aire+ medullary TEC/thymocyte ratio was observed. This reduction could be associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease in middle-aged women. Given the concurrent increase in female Aire+ cTEC/thymocyte ratio, we proposed that there may be an impediment in Aire+ mTEChi differentiation, and Aire+ cTEChi as its upstream precursor. The regenerative effects of LHRH receptor antagonist, degarelix, on TEC subsets was also less pronounced in middle-aged females compared to males, possibly due to slower progression of thymic involution in the former, which presented with greater TEChi proportions. Furthermore, following cyclophosphamide treatment, degarelix enhanced thymocyte and mature TEC subset recovery, with faster recovery kinetics observed in females. These events were found to involve both reactivation and proliferation of thymic epithelial progenitor cells. Taken together, the findings from this study portray a relationship between gender disparity and thymus aging, and highlight the potential benefits of LHRH receptor antagonist treatment for thymic regeneration. Further research is required, however, to determine how gender may impact on the mechanisms underpinning these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ly Hun
- Thymus Development, Ageing and T Cell Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kahlia Wong
- Thymus Development, Ageing and T Cell Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josephine Rahma Gunawan
- Thymus Development, Ageing and T Cell Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Thymus Development, Ageing and T Cell Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Quinn
- Quinn Laboratory, Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann P. Chidgey
- Thymus Development, Ageing and T Cell Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ninomiya K, Oze I, Kato Y, Kubo T, Ichihara E, Rai K, Ohashi K, Kozuki T, Tabata M, Maeda Y, Kiura K, Hotta K. Influence of age on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:249-256. [PMID: 31782328 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1695062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a paradigm shift in the development of cancer treatment. However, it remains to be clarified whether the benefits that they confer differ according to patient age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess age differences in the benefits of ICI treatment.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed database for randomised controlled trials of ICIs, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors across multiple cancer types, such as melanoma, lung cancer and gastric cancer. We extracted trials including hazard ratios (HRs) for death stratified by patient age (cut-off age, 65 years). The primary objective of this study was to assess the difference in ICI efficacy between younger and older patients. We calculated pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for younger and older cancer patients, and assessed data heterogeneity.Results: We identified 3999 studies in our search. Of these, 24 eligible randomised trials, including a total of 8157 (57%) younger and 6104 (43%) older cancer patients, fulfilled the criteria for our study and were thus further analysed. The pooled HRs of the younger and older patients were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.84) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86), respectively; the difference in ICI efficacy between younger and older cancer patients was not significant (p = .82). Regarding the PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, the survival benefit was similar in both age groups (HR: 0.74; p = .96), whereas for the CTLA-4 inhibitors, there tended to be less survival benefit for older versus younger patients (HR: 0.90 and 0.77, respectively; p = .26).Conclusions: The survival benefit conferred by ICI was not age-dependent, amongst patients aged 65 years or younger. However, age-dependent benefits may vary amongst different types of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiki Ichihara
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kammei Rai
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kozuki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tabata
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hotta
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Muehe AM, Siedek F, Theruvath AJ, Seekins J, Spunt SL, Pribnow A, Hazard FK, Liang T, Daldrup-Link H. Differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes in pediatric patients on ferumoxytol-enhanced PET/MRI. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3612-3621. [PMID: 32206111 PMCID: PMC7069081 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of lymph nodes in pediatric patients is different from that in adults. Most notably, normal lymph nodes in children contain less macrophages. Therefore, previously described biodistributions of iron oxide nanoparticles in benign and malignant lymph nodes of adult patients may not apply to children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate if the iron supplement ferumoxytol improves the differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes in pediatric cancer patients on 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical trial from May 2015 to December 2018 to investigate the value of ferumoxytol nanoparticles for staging of children with cancer with 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Ferumoxytol is an FDA-approved iron supplement for the treatment of anemia and has been used "off-label" as an MRI contrast agent in this study. Forty-two children (7-18 years, 29 male, 13 female) received a 18F-FDG PET/MRI at 2 (n=20) or 24 hours (h) (n=22) after intravenous injection of ferumoxytol (dose 5 mg Fe/kg). The morphology of benign and malignant lymph nodes on ferumoxytol-enhanced T2-FSE sequences at 2 and 24 h were compared using a linear regression analysis. In addition, ADCmean-values, SUV-ratio (SUVmax lesion/SUVmean liver) and R2*-relaxation rate of benign and malignant lymph nodes were compared with a Mann-Whitney-U test. The accuracy of different criteria was assessed with a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Follow-up imaging for at least 6 months served as the standard of reference. Results: We examined a total of 613 lymph nodes, of which 464 (75.7%) were benign and 149 (24.3%) were malignant. On ferumoxytol-enhanced T2-FSE images, benign lymph nodes showed a hypointense hilum and hyperintense parenchyma, while malignant lymph nodes showed no discernible hilum. This pattern was not significantly different at 2 h and 24 h postcontrast (p=0.82). Benign and malignant lymph nodes showed significantly different ferumoxytol enhancement patterns, ADCmean values of 1578 and 852 x10-6 mm2/s, mean SUV-ratios of 0.5 and 2.8, and mean R2*-relaxation rate of 127.8 and 84.4 Hertz (Hz), respectively (all p<0.001). The accuracy of ADCmean, SUV-ratio and pattern (area under the curve (AUC): 0.99; 0.98; 0.97, respectively) was not significantly different (p=0.07). Compared to these three parameters, the accuracy of R2* was significantly lower (AUC: 0.93; p=0.001). Conclusion: Lymph nodes in children show different ferumoxytol-enhancement patterns on MRI than previously reported for adult patients. We found high accuracy (>90%) of ADCmean, SUV-ratio, pattern, and R2* measurements for the characterization of benign and malignant lymph nodes in children. Ferumoxytol nanoparticle accumulation at the hilum can be used to diagnose a benign lymph node. In the future, the delivery of clinically applicable nanoparticles to the hilum of benign lymph nodes could be harnessed to deliver theranostic drugs for immune cell priming.
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165
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Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31988649 PMCID: PMC6971920 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction in immune responses, resulting from both aged innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammaging, described as a chronic, sterile, systemic inflammatory condition associated with advanced age, is mainly attributed to somatic cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and age-related autoimmune predisposition. However, the inability to reduce senescent somatic cells (SSCs), because of immunosenescence, exacerbates inflammaging. Age-related adaptive immune system deviations, particularly altered T cell function, are derived from age-related thymic atrophy or involution, a hallmark of thymic aging. Recently, there have been major developments in understanding how age-related thymic involution contributes to inflammaging and immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, as well as developments of many potential rejuvenation strategies. Herein, we discuss the research progress uncovering how age-related thymic involution contributes to immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as their intersection. We also describe how T cell adaptive immunity mediates inflammaging and plays a crucial role in the progression of age-related neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. We then briefly outline the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related thymic involution, and finally summarize potential rejuvenation strategies to restore aged thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Weikan Wang
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
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Lack of Differences in Inflammation and T Cell-Mediated Function between Young and Older Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010237. [PMID: 31963377 PMCID: PMC7019899 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and aging are associated with dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. There is limited knowledge, however, on differences in the immune system between young and older adults with obesity. The goal of this study was to compare circulating inflammatory cytokines and T cell-mediated immune response between young and older women with obesity. Twenty-three young (23–43 years) and 21 older (60–83 years) women with obesity were recruited at the Weight and Wellness Center at Tufts Medical Center. Circulating inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL-6, and IL-1β) and ex vivo indicators of T cell-mediated immune function were compared between the groups. Older women with obesity had significantly fewer circulating CD3+, CD8+, CD19+, and natural killer T (NKT) cells compared to young women with obesity (p = 0.016, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003, and p < 0.0001, respectively). However, with few exceptions, there was no significant difference in inflammation markers or stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells between young and older participants. These findings are in contrast to those previously reported in young and old subjects with healthy weight and call for further investigation into the impact of obesity on premature aging of the immune system.
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167
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Chen R, Wang K, Feng Z, Zhang MY, Wu J, Geng JJ, Chen ZN. CD147 deficiency in T cells prevents thymic involution by inhibiting the EMT process in TECs in the presence of TGFβ. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:171-181. [PMID: 31900457 PMCID: PMC7853129 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic involution during aging is a major cause of decreased T-cell production and reduced immunity. Here, we show that the loss of CD147 on T cells prevents thymic senescence, resulting in slowed shrinkage of the thymus with age and increased production of naive T cells. This phenotype is the result of slowing of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which eventually leads to reduced adipocyte accumulation. In an in vitro coculture system, we found that TGFβ is an important factor in the EMT process in TECs and that it can reduce the expression of E-cadherin through p-Smad2/FoxC2 signaling. Moreover, CD147 on T cells can accelerate the decline in E-cadherin expression by interacting with Annexin A2 on TECs. In the presence of TGFβ, Annexin A2 and E-cadherin colocalize on TECs. However, CD147 on T cells competitively binds to Annexin A2 on TECs, leading to the isolation of E-cadherin. Then, the isolated E-cadherin is easily phosphorylated by phosphorylated Src kinase, the phosphorylation of which was induced by TGFβ, and finally, p-E-cadherin is degraded. Thus, in the thymus, the interaction between T cells and TECs contributes to thymic involution with age. In this study, we illuminate the mechanism underlying the triggering of the EMT process in TECs and show that inhibiting TGFβ and/or CD147 may serve as a strategy to hinder age-related thymic involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie-Jie Geng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, China. .,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China.
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168
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Higher overall leukocyte counts in women may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but the association of specific leukocyte subtypes with breast cancer risk remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between circulating leukocyte subtypes and risk of breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between 2003 and 2009, the Sister Study enrolled 50 884 women who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer but were themselves breast cancer free. A case-cohort subsample was selected in July 2014 from the full Sister Study cohort. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and women were followed up through October 2016. Data analysis was performed in April 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the development of breast cancer in women. Whole-blood DNA methylation was measured, and methylation values were deconvoluted using the Houseman method to estimate proportions of 6 leukocyte subtypes (B cells, natural killer cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes). Leukocyte subtype proportions were dichotomized at their population median value, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations with breast cancer. RESULTS Among 2774 non-Hispanic white women included in the analysis (mean [SD] age at enrollment, 56.6 [8.8] years), 1295 women were randomly selected from the full cohort (of whom 91 developed breast cancer) along with an additional 1479 women who developed breast cancer during follow-up (mean [SD] time to diagnosis, 3.9 [2.2] years). Circulating proportions of B cells were positively associated with later breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36; P = .04). Among women who were premenopausal at blood collection, the association between B cells and breast cancer was significant (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.82; P = .02), and an inverse association for circulating proportions of monocytes was found (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99; P = .05). Among all women, associations between leukocyte subtypes and breast cancer were time dependent: higher monocyte proportions were associated with decreased near-term risk (within 1 year of blood collection, HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P = .01), whereas higher B cell proportions were associated with increased risk 4 or more years after blood collection (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Circulating leukocyte profiles may be altered before clinical diagnoses of breast cancer and may be time-dependent markers for breast cancer risk, particularly among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Kresovich
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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169
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Lima PMA, Torres LC, Martins MR, da Matta MC, Lima JTO, de Mello MJG, da Silva LM, Cintra EB, Lira CCR, da Fonte EJA, Forones NM. Soluble levels of sCD40L and s4-1BB are associated with a poor prognosis in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 121:901-905. [PMID: 31858621 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved in the last decades, however, a lower overall survival persists in the elderly. The understanding of immunity changes in the elderly with CRC will allow the emergence of new treatments with higher response rates. 4-1BB and CD40L, an immune checkpoint stimulator, play an important role in T-cell responses and platelets. Our aim was to characterize the soluble levels of CD40L and 4-1BB in CRC elderly patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 41 patients with CRC and 35 healthy elderly controls. Patients with CRC were divided into three groups according to staging: 13 patients with advanced tumor restricted to the organ (stages II); 16 patients with lymph node metastasis (stage III); and 12 patients with distant metastasis (stage IV). RESULTS There were higher levels of soluble s4-1BB and sCD40L in CRC elderly stage II patients when compared with healthy controls (P = .0009 and P < .0001, respectively), stage III patients (P = .008 and P < .0001, respectively) and stage IV patients (P = .007 and P < .0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that sCD40L and s4-1BB molecules may be prognostic biomarkers, since the reduction in plasma levels of these molecules was associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus M A Lima
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.,Gastroenterology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leuridan C Torres
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mário R Martins
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marina C da Matta
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jurema T O Lima
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria J G de Mello
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana M da Silva
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evandro B Cintra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Clara C R Lira
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J A da Fonte
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Nora M Forones
- Gastroenterology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gagliardi AMZ, Andriolo BNG, Torloni MR, Soares BGO, de Oliveira Gomes J, Andriolo RB, Canteiro Cruz E. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD008858. [PMID: 31696946 PMCID: PMC6836378 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008858.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). After resolution of the varicella episode, the virus can remain latent in the sensitive dorsal ganglia of the spine. Years later, with declining immunity, the varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate and cause herpes zoster, an extremely painful condition that can last many weeks or months and significantly compromise the quality of life of the affected person. The natural process of aging is associated with a reduction in cellular immunity, and this predisposes older people to herpes zoster. Vaccination with an attenuated form of the VZV activates specific T-cell production avoiding viral reactivation. The USA Food and Drug Administration has approved a herpes zoster vaccine with an attenuated active virus, live zoster vaccine (LZV), for clinical use amongst older adults, which has been tested in large populations. A new adjuvanted recombinant VZV subunit zoster vaccine, recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), has also been approved. It consists of recombinant VZV glycoprotein E and a liposome-based AS01B adjuvant system. This is an update of a Cochrane Review last updated in 2016. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vaccination for preventing herpes zoster in older adults. SEARCH METHODS For this 2019 update, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 1, January 2019), MEDLINE (1948 to January 2019), Embase (2010 to January 2019), CINAHL (1981 to January 2019), LILACS (1982 to January 2019), WHO ICTRP (on 31 January 2019) and ClinicalTrials.gov (on 31 January 2019). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing zoster vaccine (any dose and potency) versus any other type of intervention (e.g. varicella vaccine, antiviral medication), placebo, or no intervention (no vaccine). Outcomes were incidence of herpes zoster, adverse events (death, serious adverse events, systemic reactions, or local reaction occurring at any time after vaccination), and dropouts. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 new studies involving 18,615 participants in this update. The review now includes a total of 24 studies involving 88,531 participants. Only three studies assessed the incidence of herpes zoster in groups that received vaccines versus placebo. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries in Europe and North America and included healthy Caucasians (understood to be white participants) aged 60 years or over with no immunosuppressive comorbidities. Two studies were conducted in Japan. Fifteen studies used LZV. Nine studies tested an RZV. The overall quality of the evidence was moderate. Most data for the primary outcome (incidence of herpes zoster) and secondary outcomes (adverse events and dropouts) came from studies that had a low risk of bias and included a large number of participants. The incidence of herpes zoster at up to three years follow-up was lower in participants who received the LZV (one dose subcutaneously) than in those who received placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 0.56; risk difference (RD) 2%; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 50; moderate-quality evidence) in the largest study, which included 38,546 participants. There were no differences between the vaccinated and placebo groups for serious adverse events (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.21) or deaths (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.11; moderate-quality evidence). The vaccinated group had a higher incidence of one or more adverse events (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.11; RD 23%; number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) 4.3) and injection site adverse events (RR 3.73, 95% CI 1.93 to 7.21; RD 28%; NNTH 3.6) of mild to moderate intensity (moderate-quality evidence). These data came from four studies with 6980 participants aged 60 years or over. Two studies (29,311 participants for safety evaluation and 22,022 participants for efficacy evaluation) compared RZV (two doses intramuscularly, two months apart) versus placebo. Participants who received the new vaccine had a lower incidence of herpes zoster at 3.2 years follow-up (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.23; RD 3%; NNTB 33; moderate-quality evidence). There were no differences between the vaccinated and placebo groups in incidence of serious adverse events (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03) or deaths (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.04; moderate-quality evidence). The vaccinated group had a higher incidence of adverse events, any systemic symptom (RR 2.23, 95% CI 2.12 to 2.34; RD 33%; NNTH 3.0), and any local symptom (RR 6.89, 95% CI 6.37 to 7.45; RD 67%; NNTH 1.5). Although most participants reported that there symptoms were of mild to moderate intensity, the risk of dropouts (participants not returning for the second dose, two months after the first dose) was higher in the vaccine group than in the placebo group (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.39; RD 1%; NNTH 100, moderate-quality evidence). Only one study reported funding from a non-commercial source (a university research foundation). All of the other included studies received funding from pharmaceutical companies. We did not conduct subgroup and sensitivity analyses AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: LZV and RZV are effective in preventing herpes zoster disease for up to three years (the main studies did not follow participants for more than three years). To date, there are no data to recommend revaccination after receiving the basic schedule for each type of vaccine. Both vaccines produce systemic and injection site adverse events of mild to moderate intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna MZ Gagliardi
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Geriatrics and GerontologyRua Professor Francisco de Castro 105São PauloSão PauloBrazil04020‐050
| | - Brenda NG Andriolo
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeCochrane BrazilRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | - Maria Regina Torloni
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeCochrane BrazilRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | - Bernardo GO Soares
- Brazilian Cochrane CentreAlameda Itu 1025/ 42São PauloSão PauloBrazil01421‐001
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Gomes
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Geriatrics and GerontologyRua Professor Francisco de Castro 105São PauloSão PauloBrazil04020‐050
| | - Regis B Andriolo
- Universidade do Estado do ParáDepartment of Public HealthTravessa Perebebuí, 2623BelémParáBrazil66087‐670
| | - Eduardo Canteiro Cruz
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Geriatrics and GerontologyRua Professor Francisco de Castro 105São PauloSão PauloBrazil04020‐050
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Dugan HL, Henry C, Wilson PC. Aging and influenza vaccine-induced immunity. Cell Immunol 2019; 348:103998. [PMID: 31733824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is defined as the progressive deterioration of the immune system with aging. Immunosenescence stifles the generation of protective B and T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in response to various pathogens, resulting in increased disease susceptibility and severity in the elderly population. In particular, immunosenescence has major impacts on the phenotype, function, and receptor repertoire of B and T cells in the elderly, hindering protective responses induced by seasonal influenza virus vaccination. In order to overcome the detrimental impacts of immunosenescence on protective immunity to influenza viruses, we review our current understanding of the effects of aging on adaptive immune responses to influenza and discuss current and future avenues of vaccine research for eliciting more potent anti-influenza immunity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Dugan
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carole Henry
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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172
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Gastro-intestinal and oral microbiome signatures associated with healthy aging. GeroScience 2019; 41:907-921. [PMID: 31620923 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral and gut microbiomes influence health via competition for a distinct niche in the body with pathogens, via metabolic capabilities that increase host digestive capacity and generate compounds engaged in signaling pathways and modulation of immune system functions. Old age alters our metabolic and regenerative capacity. Following recruitment of 65 human subjects in the age range of 70 to 82, we discerned healthy aging (HA) and non-healthy aging (NHA) cohorts discordant in the occurrence of one or more major diseases: (1) cancer, (2) acute or chronic cardiovascular diseases, (3) acute or chronic pulmonary diseases, (4) diabetes, and (5) stroke or neurodegenerative disorders. We analyzed these cohorts' oral microbiomes (saliva) and gut microbiomes (stool) to assess diversity and identify microbial biomarkers for HA. In contrast to the gut microbiome where no change was observed, we found that the saliva microbiome had higher α-diversity in the HA compared with the NHA group. We observed the genus Akkermansia to be significantly more abundant in the gut microbiota of the HA group. Akkermansia muciniphila is a colonic mucin-degrading bacterium believed to have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health, particularly in the context of diabetes and obesity. Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 was a taxon increased in abundance in the HA cohort. Streptococcus was the only genus observed to be significantly decreased in abundance in both the gut and oral microbiomes of the HA cohort compared with the NHA cohort. Our data support the notion that these microbes are potential probiotics to decrease the risks of non-healthy aging.
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173
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Shahbaz SK, Sadeghi M, Koushki K, Penson PE, Sahebkar A. Regulatory T cells: Possible mediators for the anti-inflammatory action of statins. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104469. [PMID: 31577918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Statins beside their main effect on reducing the progression of cardiovascular disease through pharmacological inhibition of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis, have additional pleiotropic effects including antiinflammatory effects mediated through the induction of suppressor regulatory T cells (Tregs). Statin-induced expansion of Tregs reduces chronic inflammation and may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. However, statins could represent a double-edged sword in immunomodulation. Drugs that act by increasing the concentration of Tregs could enhance the risk of cancers, particularly in the elderly and may have adverse effects in neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. In the present paper, we review the experimental studies that evaluate the effects of statins on Treg cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and we discuss potential therapeutic applications of statins in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadije Koushki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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174
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Lewkiewicz SM, Chuang YL, Chou T. Dynamics of T cell receptor distributions following acute thymic atrophy and resumption. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2019; 17:28-55. [PMID: 31731338 PMCID: PMC8788929 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naive human T cells are produced and developed in the thymus, which atrophies abruptly and severely in response to physical or psychological stress. To understand how an instance of stress affects the size and "diversity" of the peripheral naive T cell pool, we derive a mean-field autonomous ODE model of T cell replenishment that allows us to track the clone abundance distribution (the mean number of different TCRs each represented by a specific number of cells). We identify equilibrium solutions that arise at different rates of T cell production, and derive analytic approximations to the dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the mathematical model linearized about these equilibria. From the forms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we estimate rates at which counts of clones of different sizes converge to and depart from equilibrium values-that is, how the number of clones of different sizes "adjusts" to the changing rate of T cell production. Under most physiological realizations of our model, the dominant eigenvalue (representing the slowest dynamics of the clone abundance distribution) scales as a power law in the thymic output for low output levels, but saturates at higher T cell production rates. Our analysis provides a framework for quantitatively understanding how the clone abundance distribution evolves under small changes in the overall T cell production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yao-Li Chuang
- Department of Mathematics, CalState Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Tom Chou
- Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1555, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1766, USA
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175
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Abstract
Deterioration of the immune system with age increases winter mortality in Soay sheep
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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176
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Semmarath W, Seesen M, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Siviroj P, Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul P. The Association between Frailty Indicators and Blood-Based Biomarkers in Early-Old Community Dwellers of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183457. [PMID: 31533354 PMCID: PMC6765843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thailand has officially reached the status of an "aged society" and become the developing country with the 2nd largest proportion of senior citizens in Southeast Asia. A cross-sectional study of 526 early-old community dwellers was conducted for the Fried frailty phenotype assessment, This included five indicators: Weakness, slowness, physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1, and CD4+:CD8+ Ratio which serve as blood-based biomarkers of frailty. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frail in this population was found to be 15% and 69.6% respectively and was higher among women than men. Frail (n = 58) and non-frail (n = 60) participants were evaluated for the associations between the frail indicators and the blood-based biomarkers. Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP from frail group were significantly elevated when compared with the non-frail counterparts (p = 0.044 and 0.033, respectively), and were significantly associated with the frailty status with an Odd RatioIL-6 [OR] of 1.554-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.229-1.966) and an ORCRP of 1.011-fold (95 CI, 1.006-1.016). Decreased hand-grip strength was the only frailty indicator that was significantly associated with both inflammatory biomarkers, (ORIL-6 of 1.470-fold and ORCRP of 1.008-fold). Our study is the first to assess the frailty status among the early-old population in Thailand. These findings will encourage general practitioners to combine frailty indicators and serum biomarkers as early detection tools for at-risk older adults to achieve the goal of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pisittawoot Ayood
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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177
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Teodori L, Petrignani I, Giuliani A, Prattichizzo F, Gurău F, Matacchione G, Olivieri F, Coppari S, Albertini MC. Inflamm-aging microRNAs may integrate signals from food and gut microbiota by modulating common signalling pathways. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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178
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Alexopoulos GS. Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:188. [PMID: 31383842 PMCID: PMC6683149 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression predisposes to medical illnesses and advances biological aging indicated by shorter telomere length, accelerated brain aging and advanced epigenetic aging. Medical illnesses also increase the risk of late-life depression. The reciprocal relationships of depression with aging-related and disease-related processes have generated pathogenetic hypotheses and provided treatment targets. Targeting risk factors of vascular disease in mid-life is a logical approach in prevention of vascular depression. The depression-executive dysfunction and the vascular depression syndromes have clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings consistent with frontostriatal abnormalities. Dopamine D2/3 agonists are effective in depression of Parkinson's disease and their efficacy needs to be assessed in these two syndromes. Computerized cognitive remediation targeting functions of the cognitive control network may improve both executive functions and depressive symptoms of late-life major depression. Significant progress has been made in neurostimulation treatments in depressed younger adults. TMS targeting deep structures responsible for mood regulation is well tolerated by older adults and its efficacy in syndromes of late-life depression needs to be studied. Efficacious psychotherapies for late-life depression exist, but are underutilized in part because of their complexity. Streamlined, stepped psychotherapies targeting behaviors assumed to result from dysfunction of brain networks implicated in late-life depression can be easy to learn and have potential for dissemination. However, their effectiveness needs further investigation. Depression increases the risk of dementing disorders. Antidepressants are rather ineffective in treating depression of demented patients, but long-term use of antidepressants may reduce the risk of dementia. However, confirmation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Alexopoulos
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605 USA
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179
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van den Berg SPH, Warmink K, Borghans JAM, Knol MJ, van Baarle D. Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:305-321. [PMID: 30949763 PMCID: PMC6647367 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is thought to accelerate aging of the immune system. With age, influenza vaccine responses are impaired. Although several studies investigated the effect of CMV infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccination, this led to contradicting conclusions. Therefore, we investigated the relation between CMV infection and the antibody response to influenza vaccination by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies on the antibody response to influenza vaccination in association with CMV infection were included (n = 17). The following outcome variables were extracted: (a) the geometric mean titer pre-/post-vaccination ratio (GMR) per CMV serostatus group, and in addition (b) the percentage of subjects with a response per CMV serostatus group and (c) the association between influenza- and CMV-specific antibody titers. The influenza-specific GMR revealed no clear evidence for an effect of CMV seropositivity on the influenza vaccine response in young or old individuals. Meta-analysis of the response rate to influenza vaccination showed a non-significant trend towards a negative effect of CMV seropositivity. However, funnel plot analysis suggests that this is a consequence of publication bias. A weak negative association between CMV antibody titers and influenza antibody titers was reported in several studies, but associations could not be analyzed systematically due to the variety of outcome variables. In conclusion, by systematically integrating the available studies, we show that there is no unequivocal evidence that latent CMV infection affects the influenza antibody response to vaccination. Further studies, including the level of CMV antibodies, are required to settle on the potential influence of latent CMV infection on the influenza vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P H van den Berg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Warmink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D van Baarle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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180
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Self-reported diabetes and herpes zoster are associated with a weak humoral response to the seasonal influenza A H1N1 vaccine antigen among the elderly. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:656. [PMID: 31337344 PMCID: PMC6651912 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response to seasonal influenza vaccines decreases with advancing age. Therefore, an adjuvanted inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluad®) exists for elderly individuals. Fluad® is more immunogenic and efficacious than conventional influenza vaccines. However, the immune response varies and may still result in high frequencies of poor responders. Therefore, we aimed to a) examine the prevalence of a weak response to Fluad® and b) identify potential risk factors. Methods A prospective population-based study among individuals 65–80 years old was conducted in 2015/2016 in Hannover, Germany (n = 200). Hemagglutination-inhibition titers 21 days after vaccination with Fluad® served as indicator of vaccine responsiveness. Results The percentage of vaccinees with an inadequate vaccine response varied depending on the influenza strain: it was lowest for H3N2 (13.5%; 95% CI, 9.4–18.9%), intermediate for B strain (37.0%; 30.6–43.9%), and highest for H1N1 (49.0%; 42.2–55.9%). The risk of a weak response to the influenza A H1N1 strain was independently associated with self-reported diabetes (AOR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.16–18.54), a history of herpes zoster (2.27; 1.01–5.10) and, to a much lesser extent, increasing age (change per year, 1.08; 0.99–1.16). In addition, herpes zoster was the only risk factor for a weak response to the H3N2 antigen (AOR, 3.12; 1.18–8.23). We found no significant association between sex, Body Mass Index, cancer, hypertension, heart attack and CMV seropositivity and a weak response to these two influenza A antigens. Despite its occurence in over one third of vaccinees, none of the variables examined proved to be risk factors for a weak response to the B antigen. Conclusions A considerable proportion of elderly individuals displayed a weak vaccine response to this adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine and further efforts are thus needed to improve immune responses to influenza vaccination among the elderly. Diabetes and herpes zoster were identified as potentially modifiable risk factors for a poor vaccine response against influenza A antigens, but the results also reveal the need for broader investigations to identify risk factors for inadequate responses to influenza B antigens. Trial registration No. NCT02362919 (ClinicalTrials.gov, date of registration: 09.02.2015). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4214-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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181
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Peters A, Delhey K, Nakagawa S, Aulsebrook A, Verhulst S. Immunosenescence in wild animals: meta‐analysis and outlook. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1709-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Peters
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Kaspar Delhey
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Anne Aulsebrook
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen 9747 AGGroningen The Netherlands
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182
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Attenuation of frailty in older adults with mesenchymal stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 181:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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183
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A Mathematical Model of the Effects of Aging on Naive T Cell Populations and Diversity. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:2783-2817. [PMID: 31201663 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The human adaptive immune response is known to weaken in advanced age, resulting in increased severity of pathogen-born illness, poor vaccine efficacy, and a higher prevalence of cancer in the elderly. Age-related erosion of the T cell compartment has been implicated as a likely cause, but the underlying mechanisms driving this immunosenescence have not been quantitatively modeled and systematically analyzed. T cell receptor diversity, or the extent of pathogen-derived antigen responsiveness of the T cell pool, is known to diminish with age, but inherent experimental difficulties preclude accurate analysis on the full organismal level. In this paper, we formulate a mechanistic mathematical model of T cell population dynamics on the immunoclonal subpopulation level, which provides quantitative estimates of diversity. We define different estimates for diversity that depend on the individual number of cells in a specific immunoclone. We show that diversity decreases with age primarily due to diminished thymic output of new T cells and the resulting overall loss of small immunoclones.
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184
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110632. [PMID: 31201918 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contributes to a decreased capacity of the immune system to respond effectively to infections or vaccines in the elderly. The full extent of the biological changes that lead to immunosenescence are unknown, but numerous cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity exhibit altered phenotypes and function as a result of aging. These manifestations of immunosenescence at the cellular level are mediated by dysregulation at the genetic level, and changes throughout the immune system are, in turn, propagated by numerous cellular interactions. Environmental factors, such as nutrition, also exert significant influence on the immune system during aging. While the mechanisms that govern the onset of immunosenescence are complex, systems biology approaches allow for the identification of individual contributions from each component within the system as a whole. Although there is still much to learn regarding immunosenescence, systems-level studies of vaccine responses have been highly informative and will guide the development of new vaccine candidates, novel adjuvant formulations, and immunotherapeutic drugs to improve vaccine responses among the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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185
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S, Pawelec G. The Immune System and Its Dysregulation with Aging. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:21-43. [PMID: 30888648 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to numerous changes that affect all physiological systems of the body including the immune system, causing greater susceptibility to infectious disease and contributing to the cardiovascular, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases of aging. The immune system is itself also influenced by age-associated changes occurring in such physiological systems as the endocrine, nervous, digestive, cardio-vascular and muscle-skeletal systems. This chapter describes the multidimensional effects of aging on the most important components of the immune system. It considers the age-related changes in immune cells and molecules of innate and adaptive immunity and consequent impairments in their ability to communicate with each other and with their aged environment. The contribution of age-related dysregulation of hematopoiesis, required for continuous replenishment of immune cells throughout life, is discussed in this context, as is the developmentally-programmed phenomenon of thymic involution that limits the output of naïve T cells and markedly contributes to differences between younger and older people in the distribution of peripheral blood T-cell types. How all these changes may contribute to low-grade inflammation, sometimes dubbed "inflammaging", is considered. Due to findings implicating elevated inflammatory immuno-mediators in age-associated chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative processes, evidence for their possible contribution to neuroinflammation is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Svetlana Di Benedetto
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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186
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Furtado GE, Letieri R, Hogervorst E, Teixeira AB, Ferreira JP. Physical Frailty and cognitive performance in older populations, part I: systematic review with meta-analysis. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:203-218. [PMID: 30698254 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.03692017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to analyze the magnitude of the effect-size in the assessment of the cognitive status of populations over 60 years of age. The search strategy included PubMed, B-on, Ebsco, Ebsco Health, Scielo, Eric, Lilacs and Sportdiscus data bases. Only observational, cohort and cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. The central descriptors were elderly-frail, older adults, cognition and geriatric assessment and other additional terms. After applying the additional search criteria, 12 manuscripts were selected from an initial universe of 1,078 identified. When comparing the mean cognitive profile scores of the participants of the pre-frail (n =11,265) and frail (n = 2,460) groups, significant statistical differences were found (p<0,001), with lower mean scores emerging in frail-group. The results showed that cognitive decline is strongly associated with frailty, being a probable main clinical outcome. In this sense, any strategy aimed at mitigating or reversing the incidence of frailty with ageing should take into account that physical and cognitive frailty seem to have similar temporal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra. Av. Conímbriga/Estádio Universitário de Coimbra Pavilhão III, Santa Clara. 3040248 Coimbra Portugal.
| | - Rubens Letieri
- Núcleo de pesquisa multidisciplinar em EducaçãoFísica, Universidade Federal de Tocantins. Tocantinópolis TO Brasil
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Grupo de Pesquisa Cognição Aplicada, Escola de Ciências do Esporte e do Ecercício, Universidade de Loughborough. Loughborough Reino Unido
| | - Ana Botelho Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra. Av. Conímbriga/Estádio Universitário de Coimbra Pavilhão III, Santa Clara. 3040248 Coimbra Portugal.
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra. Av. Conímbriga/Estádio Universitário de Coimbra Pavilhão III, Santa Clara. 3040248 Coimbra Portugal.
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187
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Lee YY, Seo HW, Kyung JS, Hyun SH, Han BC, Park S, So SH, Lee SH, Yi EC. Proteomic studies of putative molecular signatures for biological effects by Korean Red Ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:666-675. [PMID: 31700262 PMCID: PMC6823813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been widely used as an herbal medicine to normalize and strengthen body functions. Although many researchers have focused on the biological effects of KRG, more studies on the action mechanism of red ginseng are still needed. Previously, we investigated the proteomic changes of the rat spleen while searching for molecular signatures and the action mechanism of KRG. The proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in the increased immune response and phagocytosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of KRG, especially the immune-enhancing response of KRG. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups: 0 (control group), 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg administration of KRG powder for 6 weeks, respectively. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation was performed with Q-Exactive LC-MS/MS to compare associated proteins between the groups. The putative DEPs were identified by a current UniProt rat protein database search and by the Gene Ontology annotations. Results The DEPs appear to increase the innate and acquired immunity as well as immune cell movement. These results suggest that KRG can stimulate immune responses. This analysis refined our targets of interest to include the potential functions of KRG. Furthermore, we validated the potential molecular targets of the functions, representatively LCN2, CRAMP, and HLA-DQB1, by Western blotting. Conclusion These results may provide molecular signature candidates to elucidate the mechanisms of the immune response by KRG. Here, we demonstrate a strategy of tissue proteomics for the discovery of the molecular function of KRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yook Lee
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Kyung
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Han
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Park
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho So
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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188
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Huguet E, Maccallini G, Pardini P, Hidalgo M, Obregon S, Botto F, Koretzky M, Nilsson PM, Ferdinand K, Kotliar C. Reference Values for Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk, According to Age and Sex in a Latin American Population. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019; 46:100422. [PMID: 31103219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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189
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Barbosa GO, Silva JAF, Siqueira‐Berti A, Nishan U, Rosa‐Ribeiro R, Oliveira SBP, Baratti MO, Ferrucci D, Santana JCO, Damas‐Souza DM, Bruni‐Cardoso A, Augusto TM, Corrêa‐da‐Silva F, Moraes‐Vieira PM, Stach‐Machado DR, Felisbino SL, Menezes GB, Cesar CL, Carvalho HF. Castration‐induced prostate epithelial cell apoptosis results from targeted oxidative stress attack of M1
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‐macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19048-19058. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme O. Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliete A. F. Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Siqueira‐Berti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafaela Rosa‐Ribeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Silvia B. P. Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariana O. Baratti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Danilo Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Julio C. O. Santana
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Danilo M. Damas‐Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Taize M. Augusto
- Department of Pathology Jundiai Medical School Jundiai São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felipe Corrêa‐da‐Silva
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology State University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes‐Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology State University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dagmar R. Stach‐Machado
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Sergio L. Felisbino
- National Institute for Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Morphology São Paulo State University Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Menezes
- Department of Morphology Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Carlos L. Cesar
- National Institute for Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Quantum Electronics State University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
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190
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Mendez-Legaza JM, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Sanz I. Heterotypic Neuraminidase Antibodies Against Different A(H1N1) Strains are Elicited after Seasonal Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E30. [PMID: 30871198 PMCID: PMC6466453 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) content is not standardized in current seasonal influenza vaccines; neither anti-NA antibodies (anti-NA Abs) are measured nor is it well-defined as a correlate of humoral protection. In this work, the presence of NA1 antibodies against classical A(H1N1) and A(H1N1) pdm09 subtypes was studied before and after vaccination with seasonal vaccines containing A/California/07/2009 strain (A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype). By Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA; Consortium for the Standardization of Influenza Seroepidemiology), we analyzed serum samples from two different cohorts (adults and elderly). The presence of anti-NA Abs at titers ≥1/40 against classical A(H1N1) and A(H1N1) pdm09 subtypes were frequently found in both age groups, in 81.3% and 96.3% of adults and elderly, respectively. The higher titers of anti-NA Abs (NAI titers) were detected more frequently against classical A(H1N1) strains according to the expected age when the first flu infection takes place. In this way, an Original Antigenic Sin phenomenon related to NA seems to be part of the immune response against flu. Seasonal-vaccination induced homologous seroconversion against NA of A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype in 52.5% and 55.0%, and increased the Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) in 70.0% and 78.8% of adults and elderly, respectively. Seasonal vaccination also induced a heterotypic anti-NA Abs response against classical A(H1N1) strains (seroconversion at least in 8.8% and 11.3% of adults and elderly, respectively, and an increase in GMTs of at least 28.0% in both age groups). These anti-NA Abs responses occur even though the seasonal vaccine does not contain a standardized amount of NA. This work demonstrates that seasonal vaccines containing the A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype induce a broad antibody response against NA1, that may be a target for future influenza vaccines. Our study is one of the first to analyze the presence of Abs against NA and the response mediated by NAI titers after seasonal influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Mendez-Legaza
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ivan Sanz
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ essential for the development of T lymphocytes, which orchestrate adaptive immune responses. T-cell development in the thymus is spatially regulated; key checkpoints in T-cell maturation and selection occur in cortical and medullary regions to eliminate self-reactive T cells, establish central tolerance, and export naïve T cells to the periphery with the potential to recognize diverse pathogens. Thymic output is also temporally regulated due to age-related involution of the thymus accompanied by loss of epithelial cells. This review discusses the structural and age-related control of thymus function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB1501, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB1501, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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192
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A clinically meaningful metric of immune age derived from high-dimensional longitudinal monitoring. Nat Med 2019; 25:487-495. [PMID: 30842675 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses generally decline with age. However, the dynamics of this process at the individual level have not been characterized, hindering quantification of an individual's immune age. Here, we use multiple 'omics' technologies to capture population- and individual-level changes in the human immune system of 135 healthy adult individuals of different ages sampled longitudinally over a nine-year period. We observed high inter-individual variability in the rates of change of cellular frequencies that was dictated by their baseline values, allowing identification of steady-state levels toward which a cell subset converged and the ordered convergence of multiple cell subsets toward an older adult homeostasis. These data form a high-dimensional trajectory of immune aging (IMM-AGE) that describes a person's immune status better than chronological age. We show that the IMM-AGE score predicted all-cause mortality beyond well-established risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study, establishing its potential use in clinics for identification of patients at risk.
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193
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Abstract
The role of immune system is to protect the organism from the not built-in program-like alterations inside and against the agents penetrating from outside (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa). These functions were developed and formed during the evolution. Considering these functions, the immune system promotes the lengthening of lifespan and helps longevity. However, some immune functions have been conveyed by men to medical tools (e.g., pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and prevention), especially in our modern age, which help the struggle against microbes, but evolutionarily weaken the immune system. Aging is a gradual slow attrition by autoimmunity, directed by the thymus and regulated by the central nervous system and pineal gland. Considering this, thymus could be a pacemaker of aging. The remodeling of the immune system, which can be observed in elderly people and centenarians, is probably not a cause of aging, but a consequence of it, which helps to suit immunity to the requirements. Oxidative stress also helps the attrition of the immune cells and antioxidants help to prolong lifespan. There are gender differences in the aging of the immune system as well as in the longevity. There is an advantage for women in both cases. This can be explained by hormonal differences (estrogens positively influences both processes); however, social factors are also not excluded. The endocrine disruptor chemicals act similar to estrogens, like stimulating or suppressing immunity and provoking autoimmunity; however, their role in longevity is controversial. There are some drugs (rapamycin, metformin, and selegiline) and antioxidants (as vitamins C and E) that prolong lifespan and also improve immunity. It is difficult to declare that longevity is exclusively dependent on the state of the immune system; however, there is a parallelism between the state of immune system and lifespan. It seems likely that there is not a real decline of immunity during aging, but there is a remodeling of the system according to the claims of senescence. This is manifested in the remaining (sometimes stronger) function of memory cells in contrast to the production and number of the new antigen-reactive naive T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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195
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McCarty JM, Lock MD, Bennett S, Hunt KM, Simon JK, Gurwith M. Age-related immunogenicity and reactogenicity of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Vaccine 2019; 37:1389-1397. [PMID: 30772070 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in immune function which can lead to decreased responses to vaccines. Attenuated recombinant Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR elicits a rapid serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) response and protects against cholera diarrhea in volunteer challenge studies but has not been studied in older adults. We evaluated CVD 103-HgR (PXVX0200) in adults age 46-64, compared them to previously studied adults age 18-45, and studied age-related immunogenicity across adults 18-64 years of age. Volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of 1 × 109 CFU of PXVX0200 or placebo. Immunogenicity endpoints included SVA and anti-cholera toxin (CT) antibody levels on days 1, 11, 29, 91 and 181 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CT-specific IgA and IgG memory B cells on days 1, 91 and 181. Safety was assessed by comparing solicited signs and symptoms on days 1-8 and other adverse events through day 181. 2979 volunteers received vaccine, including 291 age 45-64. Day 11 seroconversion occurred in 90.4% of older adults vs 93.5%% of younger adults and met the endpoint of demonstrating non-inferiority between the two groups. Significant increases in LPS-specific IgG and IgA and CT-specific memory IgG memory B cells were seen at days 91 and 181. There appeared to be a continuous age-related decline in SVA seroconversion and geometric mean titers, but not memory B cell responses, across the 18-64 year age range. Most reactogenicity was mild and was more common in the placebo group. PXVX0200 appears safe and immunogenic in older adults. Clinical Trials Registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02100631.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M McCarty
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
| | - Michael D Lock
- PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
| | - Sean Bennett
- PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
| | - Kristin M Hunt
- PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
| | - Jakub K Simon
- PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
| | - Marc Gurwith
- PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
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196
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Hemmersbach-Miller M, Wolfe CR, Schmader KE. Solid organ transplantation in older adults. Infectious and other age-related considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 34113803 PMCID: PMC8189398 DOI: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1901046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the U.S., older adults aged 65 or above comprise nearly one quarter of the solid organ transplant (SOT) waitlists, and the number of transplants performed in this age group continues to increase. There are no specific guidelines for the assessment and follow up of the older SOT candidate or recipient. Older adults are at increased risk of infectious complications after SOT. Despite these complications and even with the use of suboptimal donors, overall outcomes are favorable. We provide an overview to specific consideration as they relate to the older SOT candidate and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hemmersbach-Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham NC, USA
| | - Cameron R Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA.,GRECC, Durham VA, Durham NC. USA
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197
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Plataki M, Cho SJ, Harris RM, Huang HR, Yun HS, Schiffer KT, Stout-Delgado HW. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aged Macrophages and Lung during Primary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection is Improved with Pirfenidone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:971. [PMID: 30700745 PMCID: PMC6353918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections remain a leading cause of death in older adults, with the most serious cases occurring in persons ≥65 years of age. There is an urgent need to investigate molecular pathways underlying these impairments and devise new therapeutics to modulate innate immunity. The goal of our current study is to understand the impact of chronological aging on mitochondrial function in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of bacterial pneumonia. Using chronologically aged murine models, our findings demonstrate that decreased ATP production is associated with dysregulated mitochondrial complex expression, enhanced oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant responses, and decreased numbers of healthy mitochondria in aged adult macrophages and lung in response to S. pneumoniae. Pre-treatment of aged macrophages with pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, improved mitochondrial function and decreased cellular oxidative stress responses. In vivo administration of pirfenidone decreased superoxide formation, increased healthy mitochondria number, improved ATP production, and decreased inflammatory cell recruitment and pulmonary oedema in aged mouse lung during infection. Taken together, our data shed light on the susceptibility of older persons to S. pneumoniae and provide a possible therapeutic to improve mitochondrial responses in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plataki
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Harris
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hua-Rong Huang
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ha Seon Yun
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen T Schiffer
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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198
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Iio K, Kabata D, Iio R, Imai Y, Hatanaka M, Omori H, Hoshida Y, Saeki Y, Shintani A, Hamano T, Isaka Y, Ando Y. Parathyroid hormone and premature thymus ageing in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:813. [PMID: 30692566 PMCID: PMC6349929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature immune ageing, including thymic atrophy, is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which are mineral and bone disorder (MBD)-related factors, affect immune cells and possibly cause thymic atrophy. We examined the cross-sectional association between thymic atrophy, evaluated as the number of CD3+CD4+CD45RA+CD31+ cells [recent thymic emigrants (RTE)/μL], and MBD-related factors [(serum PTH, FGF23, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level] in 125 patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 17 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older age (r = −0.46), male sex (r = −0.34), lower eGFR (r = 0.27), lower serum-corrected calcium (r = 0.27), higher PTH (r = −0.36), and higher ALP level (r = −0.20) were identified as determinants of lower number of RTE. In contrast, serum concentrations of FGF23 and phosphorus were not correlated with RTE. Multivariate non-linear regression analysis indicated a negative association between serum PTH and log-transformed RTE (P = 0.030, P for non-linearity = 0.124). However, the serum levels of FGF23 and ALP were not associated with RTE. In patients with CKD, serum PTH concentrations were related to thymic atrophy which contributes to immune abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Iio
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan.
| | - Daijiro Kabata
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Iio
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Imai
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Masaki Hatanaka
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Hiroki Omori
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshida
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Saeki
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ando
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
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199
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Ross K, Senapati S, Alley J, Darling R, Goodman J, Jefferson M, Uz M, Guo B, Yoon KJ, Verhoeven D, Kohut M, Mallapragada S, Wannemuehler M, Narasimhan B. Single dose combination nanovaccine provides protection against influenza A virus in young and aged mice. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:809-821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Combined polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer micelles provide protection against homologous challenge in aged mice.
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200
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Aging, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation: The Modulatory Potential of Nutrition. NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging influences an organism’s entire physiology, affecting functions at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels and increasing susceptibility to many major chronic diseases. The changes in the immune system that accompany human aging are very complex and are generally referred to as immunosenescence. The factors and mechanisms of immunosenescence are multiple and include, among others, defects in the bone marrow, thymic involution, and intrinsic defects in the formation, maturation, homeostasis, and migration of peripheral lymphocytes. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The process of aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation thought to contribute to neuroinflammation and to many age-related diseases. Numerous attempts to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging have implicated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, epigenetic modifications, and other phenomena. Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. The studies published thus far describe a critical role for nutrition in maintaining the immune response of the aged, but they also indicate the need for a more in-depth, holistic approach to determining the optimal nutritional and behavioral strategies that would maintain immune and other physiological systems in elderly people. In this chapter, we focus first on the age-related changes of the immune system. Further, we discuss possible deleterious influences of immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) on neurodegenerative processes in the normally aging brain. Finally, we consider our current understanding of the modulatory potential of nutrition that may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and thus positively affect immunity and the aging brain.
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