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da Silva BGC, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H, Alves CPDL, Delpino FM, Martins RC, Wehrmeister FC. Physical Activity During Adolescence and Mental Health in Early Adulthood: Findings From the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:860-867. [PMID: 37558222 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low prevalence of physical activity (PA) and a high prevalence of mental health problems are common among youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PA during adolescence and depression and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. METHODS Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed. Leisure-time PA and total PA (leisure plus commuting) were evaluated at 11, 15, and 18 years using self-reported data. PA was evaluated at each age separately and during adolescence, considering the number of times participants reached PA recommendations. Depression and anxiety were assessed through Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at 22 years. Crude and adjusted association analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust error variance, providing prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Three thousand two hundred and forty-seven participants were included in the study. In the adjusted analyses, active participants in leisure-time PA (≥300 min/wk) and total PA at 11 years were less likely to be depressed at age 22 (prevalence ratios: 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.89; prevalence ratios: 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.97). For leisure-time PA, the more PA recommendations were met during adolescence, the lower the prevalence of depression. There was no association when PA variables were evaluated separately at 15 and 18 years and between PA and anxiety after controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Early adolescence appears to be a sensitive period for PA benefits on depression in early adulthood. The more timepoints reaching PA recommendations during adolescence, the lower the risk of depression. On the other hand, PA during adolescence was not associated with anxiety in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Costa Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
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152
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, González-Valero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Alonso-Vargas JM, Puertas-Molero P. Associations of Mediterranean Diet, Psychological Wellbeing and Media Pressure on Physical Complexion and Effect of Weekly Physical Activity Engagement in Higher Education. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1600-1611. [PMID: 37754455 PMCID: PMC10527733 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13090116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the media has the power to encourage active and healthy lifestyles; however, it can have a negative impact on body image and psychological wellbeing. The present research aims to analyze Mediterranean diet adherence, media pressure, slim and athletic build ideals and psychological wellbeing as a function of weekly physical activity engagement. A further aim is to examine the effect of Mediterranean diet adherence, media pressure and psychological wellbeing on the perceived pressure to have an athletic and slim build. The present non-experimental study included a sample of 634 university students. Validated instruments adapted by the scientific community were used for data collection. Gathered data reveal that young people who engage in more than 300 min of physical activity per week are more likely to adhere to a Mediterranean diet, have better psychological wellbeing and feel more pressure to obtain an athletic build. In conclusion, weekly physical activity engagement impacts the variables under study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada (Spain), Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (G.G.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.); (P.P.-M.)
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153
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Lundqvist C, Asratian A, Dahlström Ö. General lifestyle factors explain young athletes' mental health more than perceived coach autonomy support: a cross-sectional study on basketball players and gymnasts aged 10-22. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001648. [PMID: 37637482 PMCID: PMC10450084 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study described differences in lifestyle factors (sleeping problems/fatigue, pressure/activation), perceived coach autonomy support and indicators of mental health (well-being and poor general mental health) across various age groups (children ≤12 years, youths 13-15 years, junior to senior ≥16 years) and sports (basketball and gymnastics). Second, the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health indicators were explored, hypothesising that the relationships would be mediated by perceived coach autonomy support. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented by using an online survey which assessed lifestyle and environmental factors as well as mental health indicators. Participants were recruited through sports clubs in basketball and gymnastics. A total of 209 athletes (77 basketball players and 132 gymnasts) in the age range of 10-22 (median=13) years volunteered to complete the survey. Results Separate two-way analyses of variance showed significant main effects for age group on sleeping problems/fatigue, sleep quantity, pressure/activation, well-being and poor general mental health, with higher scores reported for older age groups of athletes. Path analysis displayed sleeping problems/fatigue and pressure/activation to significantly affect decreased well-being and poor general mental health; however, the relationships were not mediated by perceived coach autonomy support. Conclusion Lifestyle factors play a prominent role in mental health outcomes. Researchers studying athlete mental health should consider both general lifestyle and sports-related factors, considering developmental phases in the young athlete's sporting context and overall life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lundqvist
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Anna Asratian
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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154
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Li J, Jiang X, Huang Z, Shao T. Exercise intervention and improvement of negative emotions in children: a meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37608261 PMCID: PMC10464442 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, depression, and stress are the most common mental health problems in childhood. Exercise interventions in childhood help to promote mental health. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between exercise interventions and improvement of negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and stress in children (5-12 years). METHODS Articles were searched in five electronic databases from their inception to January 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS Twenty-three intervention studies included 6830 children. 1) The exercise intervention group was significantly better than the control group in improving negative emotions (Standard Mean Difference SMD=-0.25, 95% Confidence Intervals CI: -0.34 to -0.15, P < 0.01). Exercise intervention improved different kinds of negative emotions: anxiety (SMD=-0.19, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.06, P < 0.01), depression (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.01, P < 0.01), and stress (SMD=-0.33, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.14, P < 0.01); it was most effective at relieving problematic stress. Exercise interventions lasting 20-45 min were most effective in improving children's negative emotions (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20, P < 0.01). An exercise intervention period of 10 weeks was more effective in improving children's negative mood (SMD=-0.26, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.17, P = 0.274). CONCLUSION Exercise interventions may improve negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and stress in children. These findings may have clinical implications for children with negative affect. However, these studies showed a large heterogeneity, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should report the variability of exercise interventions by gender, age group, and type, intensity, and place of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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155
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Alosaimi N, Sherar LB, Griffiths P, Pearson N. Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and related physical and mental health outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1572. [PMID: 37596591 PMCID: PMC10436445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and diet play an important role in the physical and mental health of young people. Understanding how these behaviours cluster, and the impact of clusters on health is important for the development of public health interventions. This review examines the prevalence of clusters of PA, sedentary time, and dietary behaviours, and how clusters relate to physical and mental health indicators among children, adolescents and young adults. METHODS Electronic (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and manual searches were conducted for articles that were (i) observational studies including children, adolescents and/or young adults aged 5-24 years, (ii) examined the 'patterning', 'clustering', or 'co-existence' of each of PA, dietary behaviour and SB, and (iii) published in English up to and including July 2022. In addition to information on clustering, data on physical and mental health outcomes were extracted where reported. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for observational studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to high heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230976). RESULTS Forty-nine cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohort studies from eighteen countries reporting data from 778,415 individual participants were included. A broad range of clusters (n = 172) were found (healthy, unhealthy, and mixed). Mixed clusters were common (n = 98), and clusters of high diet quality, low PA and high SB were more prevalent in girls, while mixed clusters of high PA, high SB and low diet quality were more prevalent in boys. Unhealthy clusters comprising low moderate to vigorous PA, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and high screen time were prevalent, particularly in those from lower socioeconomic status families. Compared to those with healthy behavioural clusters, those with unhealthy and mixed clusters had a higher adiposity, higher risk of cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health scores, and lower cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS PA, SB and diet cluster in healthy, unhealthy and mixed patterns in young people that differ across sociodemographic characteristics. Unhealthy clusters are associated with poorer health outcomes. Intervention strategies targeting un-clustering multiple unhealthy behaviours should be developed and evaluated for their impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alosaimi
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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156
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Fuentealba-Urra S, Rubio A, González-Carrasco M, Oyanedel JC, Céspedes-Carreno C. Mediation effect of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being in Chilean adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13386. [PMID: 37591897 PMCID: PMC10435534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents' subjective well-being and physical activity have been found to be correlated in previous studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship, especially the potential contribution of emotional self-regulation, have received little attention. This study aims to investigate the extent to which emotional self-regulation mediates the association between adolescent physical activity habits and their subjective well-being. The study involved 9585 adolescents who completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants were aged between 10 and 19 years old and attended primary and secondary schools in all 16 regions of Chile. The survey utilized a self-report questionnaire to measure physical activity habits, subjective well-being, and emotional self-regulation. Sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic level, were also considered in the analysis. The results showed that physical activity habits, emotional regulation, and subjective well-being were positively correlated. Among these factors, the strongest association was found between subjective well-being and emotional self-regulation. The mediation analysis revealed a partial mediation effect of emotional self-regulation between physical activity habits and subjective well-being. In other words, physical activity habits affect subjective well-being to the extent that these habits affect emotional self-regulation. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the link between physical activity habits and subjective well-being among adolescents. They also offer useful information for the development of public programs and policies aimed at promoting physical activity habits and subjective well-being in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fuentealba-Urra
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Andrés Rubio
- Facultad de Economia y Negocios, Universidad Andres Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Oyanedel
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
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157
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Mäestu E, Kull M, Mäestu J, Pihu M, Kais K, Riso EM, Koka A, Tilga H, Jürimäe J. Results from Estonia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Research Gaps and Five Key Messages and Actions to Follow. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1369. [PMID: 37628368 PMCID: PMC10453862 DOI: 10.3390/children10081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to summarize the results of the 2022 Estonian Physical Activity Report Card across 10 indicators based on available scientific data and national databases, and, additionally, to compare the current results with previous Report Card results. A national expert panel, consisting of research and policy experts, identified the available sources and synthesized as well as graded relevant data related to the physical activity (PA) of Estonian children and youth. Grade B was assigned to Organized Sports and Physical Activity (B-), Community and Environment (B+), and Government (B). Grade C was assigned to Overall Physical Activity (C+), Physical Fitness (C+), Family and Peers (C-), and School (C+). The lowest grade, D, was assigned to Active Play (D), Active Transportation (D+), and Sedentary Behaviors (D-). In Estonia, the participation rate in organized sport is relatively high, and government in addition to community support seem to be at a relatively good level. However, a relatively high number of children and youth did not meet the current PA guidelines, and the levels of sedentary behavior and screen time were very high. The PA of children and youth should be a cross-disciplinary priority, and focus should be put on developing schoolyards and outdoor breaks, varied and easily accessible organized sport, the use of active transportation, and the implementation of physical education that supports leisure time activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (K.K.); (E.-M.R.); (A.K.); (H.T.); (J.J.)
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158
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Sousa-Sá E, Cook C, Burley J, Santos R. Editorial: Movement behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior and physical activity) and physical and mental/cognitive health. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1252986. [PMID: 37608995 PMCID: PMC10441227 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1252986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Centre for Research in Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Caylee Cook
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jade Burley
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre in Child Studies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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159
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Wright LJ, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Williams SE. Examining the associations between physical activity, self-esteem, perceived stress, and internalizing symptoms among older adolescents. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1274-1287. [PMID: 37248071 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In older adolescence, stress has been found to be prevalent. It has been seen that higher physical activity (PA) relates to lower stress levels, which, in turn, relates to fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms (internalizing symptoms). However, how these associations function is not fully understood. PA is strongly associated with greater self-esteem in adolescents. As greater self-esteem is thought to aid better coping with stress and has been seen as beneficial for mental health in adolescents, PA may be associated with lower stress and better mental health through self-esteem and more adaptive stress appraisals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the relationships between PA, self-esteem, stress, and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed, and path analysis was implemented. PA, self-esteem, stress appraisals, distress tolerance, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using online questionnaires from 244 adolescent participants from the United Kingdom (aged 15-19, M = 16.75 [SD = 0.82], 145 female). RESULTS Path analysis revealed that PA was associated with lower perceived stress through increased self-esteem, adaptive appraisals, and higher distress tolerance (total standardized indirect effect; p = .007 (-0.25 to -0.11). Moreover, lower perceived stress was associated with lower anxiety (standardized direct effect; p < .001 [2.65-4.0] and depressive symptoms (standardized direct effect; p < .001 [0.33-0.63]). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA could be effective in improving mental health among older adolescents, due to its association with perceived stress through higher self-esteem and more adaptive appraisals of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Wright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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160
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McGovern MM, Lowenstein NA, Matzkin EG. Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2023; 5:100736. [PMID: 37645385 PMCID: PMC10461145 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic surgeons and other orthopaedic care providers have expressed a desire to care for transgender patients but have a self-perceived knowledge deficit. Transgender athletes experience many psychosocial barriers to sport that are useful for clinicians to understand. Medical and surgical gender-affirming care can impact musculoskeletal physiology and pathophysiology. Transgender women (TW) have demonstrated an increased risk of insufficiency fractures and thromboembolism in patients receiving exogenous estrogen therapy. The impact of gender-affirming care on sex-based differences in athletic injuries is less well studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. McGovern
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalie A. Lowenstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Matzkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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161
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Dumuid D, Singh B, Brinsley J, Virgara R, Curtis RG, Brinkman S, Maher CA. Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2330098. [PMID: 37606925 PMCID: PMC10445194 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Little is known about temporal trends in children's well-being and how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the well-being of young Australians. Certain demographic groups may be more vulnerable to experiencing declines in well-being. Objective To examine well-being trends over 6 consecutive years among South Australian students and explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal analyses of annual (2017 to 2022) cross-sectional data of students in grades 4 through 9 (n = 40 392 to 56 897 per year) attending South Australian government schools from the Well-being and Engagement Collection (WEC) census. Exposures Calendar year (2017-2022) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, school grade, parental education, language spoken at home, residential region) from school enrollment records. Main Outcomes and Measures Students self-reported life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, cognitive engagement, emotional regulation, perseverance, worry, and sadness. Results Over 6 years (2017 to 2022), a total of 119 033 students (mean [SD] age, 12.1 y; 51.4% male) participated in this study. Most well-being measures declined over time, with consistent worsening of well-being from 2020 onward. For example, compared with 2017, sadness was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.25-0.27) points higher in 2020 (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.27) and remained elevated by more than 0.26 points (SMD, 0.27) in 2021 and 2022. At almost every time point, greatest well-being was reported by students of male sex (except cognitive engagement and perseverance), in earlier school grades, with highest parental education, speaking a language other than English at home, and residing in outer regional and remote settings (for satisfaction, optimism, and emotional regulation). Sociodemographic differences in well-being were generally consistent over time; however, sex differences widened from 2020 for all indicators except cognitive engagement and perseverance. For example, between 2017 and 2022, sadness increased by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.25-0.29) more points among females than males (SMD, 0.28). Conclusions and Relevance In this longitudinal analysis of annual census data, there were downward trends in students' well-being, especially since 2020. The largest sociodemographic disparities were observed for students of female sex, those in later school grades, and those with lowest parental education. Urgent and equitable support for the well-being of all young people, particularly those facing disparity, is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ben Singh
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacinta Brinsley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Virgara
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel G. Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Brinkman
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carol A. Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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162
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Gökçe E, Gün N. The Relationship Between Exercise, Cathepsin B, and Cognitive Functions: Systematic Review. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1366-1385. [PMID: 37202717 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231176980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown repeatedly to improve cognitive functions. Many investigators have reported that peripheral signal molecules play an important role in regulating exercise-induced cognitive improvement. In this review we aimed to evaluate and clarify the literature to date that has focused on the relationship between Cathepsin B, cognitive functions, and exercise. We conducted a systematic review of the following databases from their inception until 10 April 2022: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database. The search strategy was comprised of ("cathepsin b") AND (exercise OR "physical activity") AND (cognit*). We followed three different quality appraisal tools to ensure the quality of the included studies. Eight studies assessing the effects of exercise on peripheral Cathepsin B levels and cognitive outcomes were included. Half of these studies indicated that exercise increased peripheral Cathepsin B levels and improved cognitive function. Further carefully designed studies focusing on the effects of exercise on peripheral Cathepsin B levels and cognitive performance are needed to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gökçe
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslişah Gün
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
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Dastamooz S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Farahani MHD, Wong SHS, Yam JCS, Tham CCY, Sit CHP. The efficacy of physical exercise interventions on mental health, cognitive function, and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD: an umbrella review. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 62:102137. [PMID: 37599910 PMCID: PMC10432969 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A considerable number of published reviews have addressed the effects of physical exercise on mental health, cognitive function, or attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms as outcomes in children and adolescents with ADHD. Their findings have often conflicted, therefore, there is an urgent need to synthesise a hierarchy of the evidence and examine the credibility of previous meta-analyses. To establish the robustness of these findings, we conducted an additional meta-analysis on a number of individual studies that were not covered in previous reviews but were suitable for inclusion in our own study. Methods Three reviewers independently searched Web of Science, Psych INFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for meta-analyses published between database inceptions to December 1, 2022. The individual studies were also screened from 1 January 2015 to 1 December 2022. We included meta-analyses and eligible individual studies that addressed the effects of exercise on at least one outcome of mental health, cognitive function, or ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. We excluded systematic reviews and articles that lacked sufficient data for a meaningful second analysis. The effect estimates (Hedges' g), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 95% prediction interval (95% PI), small study effects, and excess significance bias were calculated. Finally, we categorised the meta-analyses based on the credibility of the evidence criteria and their quality using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 checklist. This umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022361331. Findings Of 181 listed review articles and 60 individual papers, 10 reviews and 12 individual articles were included in the meta-analyses. This yielded 37 meta-analyses based on 106 study estimates. Evidence was highly suggestive for the effectiveness of exercise (class II) for improving inattention (G = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.44-1.39, 95%), inhibitory control (G = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.52-1.13), and cognitive flexibility (G = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.72). However, evidence for the effectiveness of exercise on emotional, social, and working memory outcomes was weak, and these results were not significant for hyperactivity and behavioural functioning. Interpretation Improvement of cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and inattention in children and adolescents with ADHD was highly suggested by exercise interventions. However, results were weak for other outcomes (emotional functioning, social functioning, and working memory). Further high-quality randomised controlled trials are, therefore, warranted to determine the effectiveness of exercise on weak outcomes. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Dastamooz
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad H D Farahani
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H S Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C S Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Y Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy H P Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Sanmarchi F, Scheier LM, Dallolio L, Ricci M, Longo G, Ceciliani A, Masini A. Association of Socioeconomic Factors and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life in Italian Middle School Children: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2092. [PMID: 37510533 PMCID: PMC10379006 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides a broad assessment of an individual's well-being and can serve as a good prognosticator of life's outcomes later for children and adolescents. Understanding the factors associated with HRQoL is crucial for promoting better health and life satisfaction. This study investigated the cross-sectional association of socioeconomic status, cardio fitness, and physical activity levels with HRQoL in 224 Italian early adolescents attending secondary school in the Emilia-Romagna region located in Northern Italy. In a multivariate path regression model, younger students and females reported a higher quality of life (β = -0.139, p = 0.015, 95% CI: -0.254--0.023 and β = 0.142, p = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.011-0.273, respectively). Having both parents employed and having a higher familiar educational status were also associated with a higher quality of life (β = 0.142, p = 0.013, 95% CI 0.027-0.257 and β = 0.133, p = 0.017, 95% CI 0.022-0.244, respectively). Greater engagement in routine physical activity levels from moderate to vigorous intensity was positively associated with quality of life (β = 0.429, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.304-0.554). Endurance (speed) was positively associated with quality of life (β = 0.221, p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.087-0.355), and students with longer times on the shuttle run reported less quality of life (β = -0.207, p = 0.002, 95% CI: -0.337--0.077). These relations remained intact even when controlling for socioeconomic factors. The current findings reinforce the importance of promoting regular physical activity among younger children and also addressing socioeconomic status disparities to improve children's well-being. Future studies may want to consider expanding the array of measures used to assess physical activity and include additional measures assessing nutrition, cultural factors, and family functioning, all of which can influence a child's willingness to engage in physical activity and their well-being. The emphasis on fitness and physical activity and their contribution to a child's well-being should be the prime focus for stakeholders who work in the education, public health, and health policy sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lawrence M Scheier
- LARS Research Institute, Inc., Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
- Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceciliani
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont (UNIUPO), Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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165
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Haile SR, Gunz S, Peralta GP, Ulytė A, Raineri A, Rueegg S, Yasenok V, Radtke T, Puhan MA, Kriemler S. Health-Related Quality of Life and Adherence to Physical Activity and Screen Time Recommendations in Schoolchildren: Longitudinal Cohort Ciao Corona. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606033. [PMID: 37538234 PMCID: PMC10394228 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated changes in adherence to physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) recommendations of children and adolescents throughout the pandemic, and their association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods: 1,769 primary (PS, grades 1-6) and secondary (SS, 7-9) school children from Ciao Corona, a school-based cohort study in Zurich, Switzerland, with five questionnaires 2020-2022. HRQOL was assessed using the KINDL questionnaire. PA (≥60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA) and ST (≤2 h/day ST) recommendations followed WHO guidelines. Results: Adherence to PA recommendations dropped in 2020 (83%-59% PS, 77%-52% SS), but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2022 (79%, 66%). Fewer children met ST recommendations in 2020 (74% PS, 29% SS) and 2021 (82%, 37%) than pre-pandemic (95%, 68%). HRQOL decreased 3 points between 2020 and 2022, and was 9.7 points higher (95% CI 3.0-16.3) in March 2021 in children who met both versus no recommendations. Conclusion: Adherence to WHO guidelines on PA and ST during the pandemic had a consistent association with HRQOL despite longitudinal changes in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Gunz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela P. Peralta
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnė Ulytė
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Raineri
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Rueegg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Yasenok
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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166
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Li B, Ng K, Tong X, Zhou X, Ye J, Yu JJ. Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:92. [PMID: 37468975 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples' lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of the pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) and increased mental health (MH) problems among children and youth have been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) among children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined the relationship between PA and MH among children and youth (aged 2-24 years old) and (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Relationships between PA and two MH aspects (i.e., negative and positive psychological responses) among children and youth at different age ranges and those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) were synthesized. Meta-analyses were also performed for eligible studies to determine the pooled effect size. RESULTS A total of 58 studies were eventually included for variable categorization, with 32 eligible for meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed that greater PA participation was strongly related to lower negative psychological responses (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and mental health problems) and higher positive psychological responses (i.e., general well-being and vigor) in children and youth during COVID-19. The pattern and strength of relations between PA and MH outcomes varied across age ranges and health conditions, with preschoolers and those with DCC receiving less attention in the existing research. Meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of associations of PA with negative (Fisher's z = - 0.198, p < 0.001) and positive (Fisher's z = 0.170, p < 0.001) psychological responses among children and youth was weak. These results were linked to age of participants, study quality, and reporting of PA-related information. CONCLUSIONS PA participation and MH among children and youth deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and were closely associated with each other. For the post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- and health condition-specific relationships between PA and MH outcomes from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchuan Ye
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jane Jie Yu
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang M, Xu X, Jiang J, Ji Y, Yang R, Liu Q, Li S, Li Y, Liu Q. The association between physical activity and subjective well-being among adolescents in southwest China by parental absence: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:493. [PMID: 37430260 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Built on the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, this study examined how physical activity affected the subjective well-being of adolescents in the multi-ethnic area of southwest China. The mediating role of school connectedness as an external development asset and the moderating role of resilience as an internal development asset were specified and tested within the framework of sport-based PYD. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 3143 adolescents (47.2% boys with mean age = 12.88 and SD = 1.68) was conducted in 2020. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed to estimate the direct effect of physical activity, the mediating effect of school connectedness, and the moderating effect of resilience on adolescents' subjective well-being. Multi-group comparison was made to investigate differences and similarities across three parental absence subgroups: (1) both parents present, (2) one parent absent, and (3) both parents absent. RESULTS As surmised, physical activity, school connectedness, and resilience all positively and significantly affected adolescents' subjective well-being. SEM analyses revealed that school connectedness mediated the effect of physical activity on subjective well-being. Moreover, resilience moderated both the direct and indirect effects of physical activity (through school connectedness) on subjective well-being. Finally, the multi-group comparison revealed a moderating effect of parental absence on the moderated mediation model. LIMITATIONS This study is a cross-sectional survey, so inference of causal associations among the study variables is impossible. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyle behaviors, school-supportive settings, and positive individual development assets can enhance the subjective well-being of adolescents in southwest China, especially those whose parents were absent. Physical activity interventions informed by the PYD framework should be incorporated into public health programs designed to foster the physical and mental health of left-behind adolescents in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West, Research Center for Palliative Care, China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohe Xu
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Palliative Care, West China School of Public Health and West, Research Center for Palliative Care, China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Ji
- Nosocomial Infection Management Department, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ruixi Yang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West, Research Center for Palliative Care, China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qijiao Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West, Research Center for Palliative Care, China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West, Research Center for Palliative Care, China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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168
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Kamionka A, Lipowska M, Lizińczyk S, Lipowski M. The impact of parents' physical activity goals and parental attitudes on physical activity during leisure time among children in middle childhood. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170413. [PMID: 37465176 PMCID: PMC10350508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parents' supportiveness and health-promoting habits significantly affect the intensity of children's physical activity (PA) and the involvement of parents in their engagement in PA; in this domain, both the hours devoted to PA and PA goals can be assessed. The family plays an important role in shaping the physical and social organization of the environment for children aged 4-6 years. Methods A total of 680 families with 5-year-old children (330 girls, 350 boys) took part in the study. Data were collected from these participants, who were recruited from preschools and primary schools in the Pomeranian region of Poland. The aim of this study was to determine whether the involvement of parents in PA mediates the influence of parental attitudes on the ways in which their children spend their leisure time. Results The results showed that not all parental attitudes had direct impact on children's leisure time in PA and outside PA. Other aspects parental attitude had no significant impact on offspring's free time. Among fathers, only four aspects of parental attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, inconsistency, autonomy, and overprotectiveness) had an impact on PA goals. Mothers' goals were influenced by the strength of a larger number of aspects of attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, autonomy, inconsistency, over-demandingness, and overprotectiveness). Similarly, the strength of mothers' and fathers' acceptance-rejection attitudes, attitudes of autonomy, and overprotectiveness had an impact on their PA goals but were not directly linked to their children's leisure-time engagement in PA. Discussion Not all parental attitudes have a direct impact on children's PA or non-PA leisure time. However, the goals of PA parents have been recognized influence the leisure time of children in PA and outside PA. The most statistically significant relationship for both mothers and fathers was between parental attitudes and PA goals. Parental attitudes do not play a significant role in explaining involvement in PA or lack of it in leisure time among 5-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Lubans DR, Henriksson P, Torres-Lopez LV, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Plaza-Florido A, Gil-Cosano JJ, Henriksson H, Escolano-Margarit MV, Gómez-Vida J, Maldonado J, Löf M, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Ortega FB. Effects of an Exercise Program on Cardiometabolic and Mental Health in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324839. [PMID: 37498603 PMCID: PMC10375312 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Childhood obesity is a risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders later in life. Investigation of the parallel effects of a defined exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity may provide new insights on the potential benefits of exercise on overall health. Objective To investigate the effects of a 20-week exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of a parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted in Granada, Spain, from November 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Data analyses were performed between February 1, 2020, and July 14, 2022. Children with overweight or obesity aged 8 to 11 years were eligible, and the study was performed in an out-of-school context. Intervention The exercise program included 3 to 5 sessions/wk (90 min/session) of aerobic plus resistance training for 20 weeks. The wait-list control group continued with their usual routines. Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiometabolic outcomes as specified in the trial protocol included body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and visceral adipose tissue), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular), and traditional risk factors (waist circumference, blood lipid levels, glucose levels, insulin levels, and blood pressure). Cardiometabolic risk score (z score) was calculated based on age and sex reference values for levels of triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose, the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. An additional cardiometabolic risk score also included cardiorespiratory fitness. Mental health outcomes included an array of psychological well-being and ill-being indicators. Results The 92 participants included in the per-protocol analyses (36 girls [39%] and 56 boys [61%]) had a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (1.1) years. The exercise program reduced the cardiometabolic risk score by approximately 0.38 (95% CI, -0.74 to -0.02) SDs; decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by -7.00 (95% CI, -14.27 to 0.37) mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) by -0.59 (95% CI, -1.06 to -0.12), fat mass index by -0.67 (95% CI, -1.01 to -0.33), and visceral adipose tissue by -31.44 (95% CI, -58.99 to -3.90) g; and improved cardiorespiratory fitness by 2.75 (95% CI, 0.22-5.28) laps in the exercise group compared with the control group. No effects were observed on mental health outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, an aerobic plus resistance exercise program improved cardiometabolic health in children with overweight or obesity but had no effect on mental health. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02295072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Palo Alto Health Care System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lucia V. Torres-Lopez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine
| | - Jose J. Gil-Cosano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hanna Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - José Gómez-Vida
- Department of Pediatrics. San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Dahlstrand J, Fridolfsson J, Arvidsson D, Börjesson M, Friberg P, Chen Y. Move for Your Heart, Break a Sweat for Your Mind: Providing Precision in Adolescent Health and Physical Activity Behaviour Pattern. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:29-36. [PMID: 37162429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent health benefits of different physical activity (PA) intensities, especially of lower intensities, are debated due to challenges in accelerometer data processing and analyses. Using a new accelerometer data processing method and multivariate pattern analysis, this study investigated the association of PA intensities with indicators of cardiovascular and mental health. METHODS Adolescents (n = 1,235, mean age 13.6 years, 41% males) were examined for cardiovascular health: body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate and blood pressure, white blood cell count (WBC), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and answered questionnaires assessing stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Sex, age, and socioeconomic status were confounders. Hip-worn accelerometer data were processed with 10 Hz frequency extended method and a spectrum of 22 PA intensity categories was analyzed for association with health using partial least squares regression. RESULTS Total explained variances for BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms were higher (3.3%-8.7%) compared to diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV (0.9%-1.4%). We found positive associations of high-end moderate PA and vigorous PA with cardiovascular and mental health indicators. More sedentary time and lower level of light PA were associated with higher BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV, but not with mental health indicators. Very vigorous PA was negatively associated with resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms. DISCUSSION In adolescents, PA of varying intensities were generally found to be positively associated with better cardiovascular health, but only higher intensity PA was associated with better mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Dahlstrand
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Friberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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171
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Martínez-Díaz IC, Carrasco Páez L. Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1880. [PMID: 37444715 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking for useful and motivational strategies for promoting healthy habits and improving cognitive functioning in young populations, the aim of the present study was to determine if a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise could stimulate mood and working memory in college students. A total of 25 male subjects (mean ± SD, age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight: 72.6 ± 8.4 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2; VO2peak: 47.1 ± 9.3 mL/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Participants underwent a high-intensity interval exercise consisting of 10 × 1 min of cycling at VO2peak power output. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Digit Span Test (DST) were administered at three assessment time points: (a) pre-intervention assessment, (b) post-intervention assessment, and (c) 30 min post-intervention. The mood states decreased significantly after exercise; however, a significant increase in mood was found after 30 min of recovery. A significant post-exercise increase in DST performance was observed; moreover, DST scores obtained 30 min after exercise remained higher than those assessed pre-exercise. In conclusion, a single bout of HIIT induces acute positive changes in mood states in male college students and seems to be a powerful stimulus for cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Carrasco Páez
- BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, E-41013 Seville, Spain
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172
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Xu H, Luo X, Shen Y, Jin X. Emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among the adolescents: the mediation effect of social anxiety and the moderation effect of physical activity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138813. [PMID: 37441642 PMCID: PMC10333479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Social anxiety is closely associated with depression. Physical activity has been regarded as an underlying protective factor. Little is known about the complex relations among these factors in Chinese middle school students. This study aimed to explore whether social anxiety mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms and investigate whether physical activity moderated the indirect or direct effect of the mediation model. Methods A total of 1,570 middle school students were recruited and measured for childhood maltreatment (measured by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form Chinese version), social anxiety (as the mediator, measured by the Chinese simplified version of Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents), depressive symptoms (measured by the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), physical activity (as the moderator), and covariates such as age, sex, and nationality. The proposed relationships were tested using mediation and moderated mediation models. Results Emotional abuse was directly associated with depression, and the association between emotional abuse and depression was partially mediated by social anxiety. The associations between emotional abuse with depression and with social anxiety were moderated by physical activity. Conclusion This study revealed the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of physical activity between emotional abuse and depression, which emphasizes the potential benefits of sufficient physical activity to reduce social anxiety and depressive symptoms, and more intervention studies should be conducted to explore the direct influence of sufficient physical activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Xu
- School of Physical Education, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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173
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Casauria S, Lewis S, Lynch F, Saffery R. Australian parental perceptions of genomic newborn screening for non-communicable diseases. Front Genet 2023; 14:1209762. [PMID: 37434950 PMCID: PMC10330815 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1209762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs have improved neonatal healthcare since the 1960s. Genomic sequencing now offers potential to generate polygenic risk score (PRS) that could be incorporated into NBS programs, shifting the focus from treatment to prevention of future noncommunicable disease (NCD). However, Australian parents' knowledge and attitudes regarding PRS for NBS is currently unknown. Methods: Parents with at least one Australian-born child under 18 years were invited via social media platforms to complete an online questionnaire aimed at examining parents' knowledge of NCDs, PRS, and precision medicine, their opinions on receiving PRS for their child, and considerations of early-intervention strategies to prevent the onset of disease. Results: Of 126 participants, 90.5% had heard the term "non-communicable disease or chronic condition," but only 31.8% and 34.4% were aware of the terms "polygenic risk score" and "precision medicine" respectively. A large proportion of participants said they would consider screening their newborn to receive a PRS for allergies (77.9%), asthma (81.0%), cancer (64.8%), cardiovascular disease (65.7%), mental illness (56.7%), obesity (49.5%), and type 2 diabetes (66.7%). Additionally, participants would primarily consider diet and exercise as interventions for specific NCDs. Discussion: The results from this study will inform future policy for genomic NBS, including expected rate of uptake and interventions that parents would consider employing to prevent the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Casauria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Lewis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Lynch
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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174
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Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu Z, Yang J. Investigating Links between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Self-Rated Health Status in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Intelligence and Psychosocial Stress. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1106. [PMID: 37508604 PMCID: PMC10378217 DOI: 10.3390/children10071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a crucial phase, characterized by rapid physical and mental development and numerous challenges. Physical activity plays a vital role in the mental well-being of adolescents; however, due to the prevailing educational philosophy prioritizing academic performance, adolescent participation in physical activities has yet to reach its full potential. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on adolescents' emotional intelligence, psychosocial stress, and self-rated health status. To achieve this objective, a cluster sampling method was employed to collect data from 600 adolescents in 10 schools across five municipal districts of Changsha, China. A total of 426 valid questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Utilizing AMOS v.23, a structural equation model was constructed to validate the hypotheses. The findings reveal that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly impacts adolescents' emotional intelligence and self-rated health status. Conversely, it exerts a significant negative influence on their psychosocial stress. Moreover, emotional intelligence and psychosocial stress mediate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and self-rated health status. In light of these results, education departments, schools, and families must embrace a paradigm shift in educational philosophies and provide robust support for adolescents to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Songbiao Zhang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Ziqing Xu
- International College, National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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175
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Wang X, Wu Y, Shi X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xu H, Ma Y, Zang S. Associations of lifestyle with mental health and well-being in Chinese adults: a nationwide study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1198796. [PMID: 37426182 PMCID: PMC10327438 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1198796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy lifestyle is beneficial to individuals' health. However, little is known about the associations of lifestyle factors with mental health and well-being. This study examined the associations of lifestyle factors with mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, loneliness, perceived pressure, and self-rated health status) and well-being in Chinese adults. Methods A nationally representative survey was conducted in China from 20 June 2022 to 31 August 2022. Data from the survey were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the associations of lifestyle with mental health and well-being in Chinese adults. Standardized regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple linear regression. Results The survey included 28,138 Chinese adults. Multiple linear regression results showed that there were significant negative associations of lifestyle scores with scores of depression (β = -0.93, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.88), anxiety (β = -0.71, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.67), loneliness (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.21), and perceived pressure (β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.16). Moreover, there were significant positive associations of lifestyle with self-rated health status (β = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.79, 2.20) and well-being (β = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.02). Conclusion This study provides insight into the associations of lifestyle factors with mental health and well-being and highlights the importance of improving and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors for favorable mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinji Shi
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahong Xu
- Department of Fundamental of Nursing, School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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176
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Hermann S, Krug S, Domanska OM, Wurm J, Romefort J, Kuger S, Loss J, Jordan S. Physical activity promotion in daycare centres in Germany: study protocol for a cross-sectional survey within the BeweKi study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070726. [PMID: 37321809 PMCID: PMC10277102 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Germany, a total of 92.2% of children between the age of 3 and school entry age attend daycare centres. Therefore, daycare centres are a suitable setting to promote physical activity among children. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge on the promotion of physical activity in daycare centres with regards to different structures and concepts, culture/policies/practices and the characteristics of directors and pedagogical staff of daycare centres in Germany. The aim of this study is to investigate (a) the status quo, as well as (b) the fostering and hindering conditions (barriers and facilitators) of physical activity promotion in daycare centres in Germany. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The cross-sectional study will collect data from November 2022 to February 2023. For the sample, about 5500 daycare centres will be drawn from an address database available through the German Youth Institute (DJI) and invited to the survey. From each daycare centre a director and a pedagogical staff member will be asked to fill in a standardised self-administered questionnaire. The survey explores characteristics of the daycare centre and the implementation of physical activity promotion, for example, the extent and form of physical activity promotion, the use and size of indoor and outdoor area, structural conditions such as personal and financial resources, personal attitudes towards physical activity promotion, demographic characteristics of pedagogical staff, structural daycare centre's characteristics such as proportion of children from socioeconomic disadvantaged groups. In addition, micro-geographical data on socioeconomic and infrastructural environment of the daycare centres will be included in the data set. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been received and approved by the Commissioner for Data Protection of the Robert Koch Institute and by the Ethics Committee of Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin, University of Applied Sciences. Results will be disseminated through publications and presentations to scientific community and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hermann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Krug
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Maria Domanska
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Wurm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Romefort
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kuger
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Julika Loss
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Jordan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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177
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Novaković S, Milenković S, Srećković M, Backović D, Ignjatović V, Capo N, Stojanović T, Vukomanović V, Sekulić M, Gavrilović J, Vuleta K, Ignjatović V. Children's Internet use and physical and psychosocial development. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163458. [PMID: 37361154 PMCID: PMC10285096 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internet use (IU) commonly refers to sedentary lifestyle and may be addictive, especially among children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IU and some aspects of child physical and psychosocial development. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional survey by using a screen-time based sedentary behavior questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-among 836 primary school children in the Braničevo District. The children's medical records were analysed for vision problems and spinal deformities. Their body weight (BW) and height (BH) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as BW in kilograms divided by BH in meters squared (kg/m2). Results The average age of respondents was 13.4 (SD 1.2) years. The mean duration of daily Internet use and sedentary behavior was 236 (SD 156) and 422 (SD 184) minutes, respectively. There was no significant correlation between daily IU and vision problems (near sightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, strabismus), and spinal deformities. However, daily Internet use is significantly associated with obesity (p < 0.001) and sedentary behavior (p = 0.01). There was significant correlation between emotional symptoms with total Internet usage time, and total sedentary score (p < 0.001 for both, r = 0.141 and r = 0.132, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the total sedentary score of children and hyperactivity/inattention (r = 0.167, p < 0.001), emotional symptoms (r = 0.132, p < 0.001), and conduct problems (r = 0.084, p < 0.01). Conclusion In our study, children's Internet use was associated with obesity, psychological disturbances and social maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanja Milenković
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Srećković
- Department of Medical and Business-Technological, Academy of Professional Studies Šabac, Šabac, Serbia
- Public Health Institute Šabac, Šabac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Backović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ignjatović
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nataša Capo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department for Prevention of Rabies and Other Infectious Novi Sad, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamara Stojanović
- Faculty of Philology and Arts, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Vukomanović
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Sekulić
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jagoda Gavrilović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vuleta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ignjatović
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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178
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Yamaguchi R, Kawahara T, Kotani T, Yazawa R, Suzuki A, Kano Y, Ishii‐Takahashi A. The effectiveness of exercise programs accessible from home on children's and adolescents' emotional well-being: Systematic review & meta-analysis. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e103. [PMID: 38868129 PMCID: PMC11114315 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Background The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the evidence base to date for exercise interventions/interventions that aim to increase physical activity using a modality that can be accessed from home (i.e., online or video-based programs), and its effects on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Methods A broad search was conducted using six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC and Scopus) on February 23, 2022. Studies with children or adolescents between the ages 5 and 18 years were included. Of the 2527 records that were identified, nine studies met the full-inclusion criteria. Their quality was assessed by two independent researchers using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Meta analyses were conducted for studies that specifically assessed anxiety and depression. Results The overall results indicated that there is some evidence suggesting the positive effects of exercise interventions delivered online in reducing children's and adolescents' anxiety (d = -0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.12 to -0.86). Meanwhile, there seems to be insufficient evidence for its efficacy in reducing low mood (d = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.01). Motivational and coaching based interventions to increase levels of physical activity may be limited in their efficacy, whilst having children exercise along with a video or live sessions online appears promising. Conclusion The current preliminary review revealed potential benefits of at-home interventions that had children and adolescents exercise along with a video in improving anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Yamaguchi
- Department of Child NeuropsychiatryGraduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takuya Kawahara
- Clinical Research Promotion CenterThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tokiko Kotani
- Department of Child PsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Rina Yazawa
- Department of Child PsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- College of Liberal ArtsInternational Christian UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Developmental DisordersNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Akane Suzuki
- Department of Child PsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Developmental DisordersNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yukiko Kano
- Department of Child NeuropsychiatryGraduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Child PsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Ayaka Ishii‐Takahashi
- Department of Child NeuropsychiatryGraduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Child PsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Developmental DisordersNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
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Ramires VV, Dos Santos PC, Barbosa Filho VC, Bandeira ADS, Marinho Tenório MC, de Camargo EM, Ravagnani FCDP, Sandreschi P, de Oliveira VJM, Hallal PC, Silva KS. Physical Education for Health Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Reviews. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37156540 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical education (PE) classes in schools are considered relevant to implement interventions, especially focused on physical activity. However, evidence overviews on how PE classes contribute to general health (physical, social, affective, and cognitive domains) are still needed. Thus, we summarized evidence synthesis (eg, systematic reviews) that addressed the contribution of PE classes to the health of school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS We performed a scoping review with searches in 8 databases and institutional websites to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses that answered this review's research question. Data charting form included the identification of the study, health outcomes, and PE classes' strategies (policies and environment, curriculum, appropriate instructions, and evaluation). An interactive process was performed to build the evidence summary. RESULTS An initial search yielded 2264 titles, and 49 systematic reviews (including 11 with meta-analysis) were included in this review. Most documents reported the main benefits of PE classes on physical domain outcomes (eg, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and fundamental motor skills). However, evidence on the benefits of PE classes in affective (eg, enjoyment, motivation, and autonomy); social (eg, cooperation, problem-solving, and making friends); and cognitive (eg, memory, attention, concentration, and decision making) domains were found. Strategies on PE classes for health benefits were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS These elements were detailed in the evidence summary, which may be considered to guide researchers, teachers, and practitioners to define research and practice priorities on PE class interventions for health in the school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgílio Viana Ramires
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute Sul-rio-grandense-IFSUL, Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edina Maria de Camargo
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná-UFPR, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Fabrício Cesar de Paula Ravagnani
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Campus Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS,Brazil
| | - Paula Sandreschi
- Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF,Brazil
| | - Victor José Machado de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM,Brazil
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPEL, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Kelly Samara Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC,Brazil
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180
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Gmmash A, Alonazi A, Almaddah M, Alkhateeb A, Sabir O, Alqabbani S. Influence of an 8-Week Exercise Program on Physical, Emotional, and Mental Health in Saudi Adolescents: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050883. [PMID: 37241115 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Physical activity is essential for adolescents to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of an 8-week exercise program and motivation on physical activity levels, self-motivation, and mental well-being of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the impact of virtual coaching on physical, emotional, and mental health after an eight-week exercise program was examined. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven participants, 18 females (67%) and 9 males (33%), with a mean age of 14 ± 2.38 years, were enrolled in eight weeks of pre- and post-intervention between June and August of 2021. The physical activity scale, situational motivation scale, mental health continuum short form, and baseline assessments were completed before and after the eight-week program. The program recommended that adolescents practice aerobic, resistance, and weight-bearing exercises for 60 min daily. Paired mean t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-test results. Results: Participants showed an acceptable physical activity level (5.5 ± 1.4) on a 10-point scale with a significant improvement after the eight-week program (7 ± 1.5; p = 0.013). The situational motivation scale improved from 38.1 ± 16 to 26 ± 19.6 (p = 0.042). The mental health continuum (social and psychological well-being) also significantly improved. Participants who received weekly phone calls showed similar improvement patterns but were not significantly different from those who did not receive calls. Conclusions: A virtually delivered 8-week exercise program for adolescents improved their physical, motivational, and mental health. Providing additional weekly phone calls does not provide additional improvement. Providing adolescents with the needed supervision and motivation enhances their physical activity and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Gmmash
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Riyadh 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muataz Almaddah
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alkhateeb
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Sabir
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiah Alqabbani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
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181
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Neumann A, Hofman A, Voortman T, Lubans DR, Yang-Huang J, Jansen PW, Raat H, Vernooij MW, Muetzel RL. Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Mechanisms Mediating Associations Between Physical Activity and Psychiatric Symptoms in Youth in the Netherlands. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:451-458. [PMID: 36988919 PMCID: PMC10061317 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Importance Understanding the mechanisms by which physical activity is associated with a lower risk of psychiatric symptoms may stimulate the identification of cost-efficient strategies for preventing and treating mental illness at early life stages. Objective To examine neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral mechanisms that mediate associations of physical activity with psychiatric symptoms in youth by testing an integrated model. Design, setting, and participants Generation R is an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study collecting data from fetal life until young adulthood in a multiethnic urban population in the Netherlands. Pregnant women living in Rotterdam with an expected delivery date between April 2002 and January 2006 were eligible for participation along with their children born during this time. Data were collected at a single research center in the Erasmus Medical Center Sophia Children's Hospital. For the current study, data were analyzed from 4216 children with complete data on both exposure and outcome at ages 6, 10, and 13 years. Data were analyzed from January 2021 to November 2022. Exposures Physical activity was ascertained at age 6 years (visit 1) via parent report and included weekly frequency and duration of walking or cycling to or from school, physical education at school, outdoor play, swimming, and sports participation. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychiatric symptoms (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) were assessed at age 6 years (visit 1) and at age 13 years (visit 3) using the Child Behavior Checklist. Several mechanisms were explored as mediators, measured at age 10 years (visit 2). Neurobiological mechanisms included total brain volume, white matter microstructure, and resting-state connectivity assessed using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Psychosocial mechanisms included self-esteem, body image, and friendship. Behavioral mechanisms included sleep quality, diet quality, and recreational screen time. Pearson correlations between physical activity measures and psychiatric symptoms were calculated, with false discovery rate correction applied to account for the number of tests performed. Mediation analyses were performed when a correlation (defined as false discovery rate P < .05) between exposure and outcome was observed and were adjusted for confounders. Results Among the 4216 children included in this study, the mean (SD) age was 6.0 (0.4) years at visit 1, and 2115 participants (50.2%) were girls. More sports participation was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms (β for direct effect, -0.025; SE, 0.078; P = .03) but not externalizing symptoms. Self-esteem mediated the association between sports participation and internalizing symptoms (β for indirect effect, -0.009; SE, 0.018; P = .002). No evidence was found for associations between any other neurobiological, psychosocial, or behavioral variables. No association was found between other types of physical activity and psychiatric symptoms at these ages. Conclusions and Relevance The integrated model presented in this cohort study evaluated potential mechanisms mediating associations between physical activity and psychiatric symptoms in youth. Self-esteem mediated an association between sports participation in childhood and internalizing symptoms in adolescence; other significant mediations were not observed. Further studies might explore whether larger effects are present in certain subgroups (eg, children at high risk of developing psychiatric symptoms), different ages, or structured sport-based physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amy Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Junwen Yang-Huang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W. Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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182
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Ning Q, Shi J. Psychological adaptation level optimization to attain the goal of sustainable education. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1607-1621. [PMID: 36206556 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The article aimed to study the psychological adaptability of university students. Along with that, the influence of sports activities on enhancing the psychology of students is also examined. The study also analyzes the impact of music on the psychoogy of students. A two-factor model is used for analyzing the level of college students' mental health. In this study, data was collected from 555 first-year undergraduate university students through an online questionnaire survey. Levels of both positive and negative psychological factors among students are examined. The findings indicate that students who participate in sports appear to have higher levels of positive psychological characteristics than students who do not exhibit any interest in participating in sports. Additionally, students that participate in sports have lower levels of negative psychological effects than nonparticipants. As a result, the study concluded that sports and other physical activities have a positive effect on the psychology of university students. The advantages of physical activities and sports in enhancing the mental and emotional health of students are highlighted in this study. To improve students' psychology and attain better academic results, educational institutions should provide students with various opportunities for sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinliang Ning
- Music and Dance College of Hunan First Normal University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyan Shi
- College of Art of DongBang Culture University, Seoul, Korea
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183
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Sánchez-Oliva D, Leech RM, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cristi-Montero C, Pérez-Bey A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Grao-Cruces A, Castro-Piñero J. Sedentary behaviour profiles and longitudinal associations with academic performance in youth: The UP&DOWN study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:181-189. [PMID: 37125866 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2204584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated longitudinal associations between profile transitions of context-specific sedentary behaviour (SB) and changes in academic performance (AP) among school-aged youth. Participants were 466 children and 717 adolescents (50.8% males) aged 8-18 years (children = 7.92 ± 0.41 years; adolescents = 11.85 ± 1.53 years). Non-school SBs and AP were evaluated at baseline and two years later. General linear mixed models were implemented, controlling for age, region, parental education, body mass index, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cross-sectionally, participants with an Educative-profile (i.e., highest scores in doing homework with/without computer and reading for fun) had higher AP when compared to other profiles. Longitudinally, males who changed from a Screen- to an Educative-profile had higher AP than males who changed from an Educative- to a Social- or Screen-SB profile (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in females. These findings show the importance of analysing SB patterns from a qualitative perspective (i.e., context-specific for boosting school children AP) and highlighting time spent in educative as the most positive for AP, as well the need to implement interventions to reduce time on screen and social behaviours, especially targeting males.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Oliva
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- The Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Grao-Cruces
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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184
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Pan N, Lin LZ, Nassis GP, Wang X, Ou XX, Cai L, Jing J, Feng Q, Dong GH, Li XH. Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in children with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders: Data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:304-311. [PMID: 36496133 PMCID: PMC10199162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adopting a healthy lifestyle during childhood could improve physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood and reduce relevant disease burdens. However, the lifestyles of children with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) remains under-described within the literature of public health field. This study aimed to examine adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with MBDDs compared to population norms and whether these differences are affected by demographic characteristics. METHODS Data were from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health-A national, population-based, cross-sectional study. We used the data of 119,406 children aged 6-17 years, which included 38,571 participants with at least 1 MBDD and 80,835 without. Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was measured using parent-reported physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. RESULTS Among children with MBDDs, 20.3%, 37.0%, 60.7%, and 77.3% met the physical activity, screen time, sleep, and at least 1 of the 24-hour movement guidelines. These rates were lower than those in children without MBDDs (22.8%, 46.2%, 66.7%, and 83.4%, respectively; all p < 0.001). Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet these guidelines (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.13-1.30; OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.29-1.45; OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.21-1.37; OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.35-1.56) than children without MBDDs. Children with emotional disorders had the highest odds of not meeting these guidelines (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.29-1.57; OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.37-1.60; OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.39-1.61; OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.57-1.88) in comparison to children with other MBDDs. Among children aged 12-17 years, the difference in proportion of meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines for children with vs. children without MBDD was larger than that among children aged 6-11 years. Furthermore, the above difference of meeting physical activity guidelines in ethnic minority children was smaller than that in white children. CONCLUSION Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet individual or combined 24-hour movement guidelines than children without MBDDs. In educational and clinical settings, the primary focus should be on increasing physical activity and limiting screen time in children aged 12-17 years who have MBDDs; and specifically for white children who have MBDDs, increasing physical activity may help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - George P Nassis
- Physical Education Department, College of Education (CEDU), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Ou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Fitness Surveillance Centre, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiu-Hong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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185
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Hawani A, Chikha AB, Zoghlami W, Souissi MA, Trabelsi O, Mrayeh M, Muscella A. Working Memory in Overweight Boys during Physical Education Classes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050805. [PMID: 37238353 DOI: 10.3390/children10050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of small-sided football games (SSFG) and small-sided Ultimate Frisbee games (SSUFG) on working memory, response times, and feeling mood of boys with overweight. Twenty-eight boys (age 12.23 ± 1.58 years) participated in two trials during physical education lessons (20-min SSFG and 20-min SSUFG) in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover design. The response times and feeling mood were measured for all participants post-exercise through the Sternberg paradigm and feeling scale. For the response times, the paired samples t-test revealed a significantly better reaction time after SSUFG at the "One item level" of the Sternberg paradigm (p = 0.014, Hedges' g = 0.27, small effect) and (p = 0.010, Hedges' g = 0.74, medium effect), at "Three item level" (p = 0.000106, Hedges' g = 1.88, very large effect). The SSFG also showed vigor at the "Five item level" (p = 0.047, Hedges' g = 0.61, medium effect). For the feeling mood, the feeling score was significantly higher after the SSUFG session than the SSFG session and the increase in feeling scores observed after switching from SSFG to SSUFG was significantly different (p < 0.001) from the decrease observed in feeling scores after switching from SSUFG to SSFG. Therefore, the results of the study allow the teacher to introduce new sports and reflect on the motor tasks he or she proposes for boys with overweight during physical education classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Hawani
- The Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education (Ksar Saïd), University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Chikha
- The Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education (Ksar Saïd), University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Wael Zoghlami
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Omar Trabelsi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Maher Mrayeh
- The Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education (Ksar Saïd), University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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186
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Sales D, da Silva Junior JP, Bergamo RR, de Oliveira LC, Ferrari G, Matsudo V. Association between school environment with sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity in children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6995. [PMID: 37117328 PMCID: PMC10147915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between indicators of the school environment with sedentary behavior and different intensities of physical activity in children. The study that included 515 children (265 boys) aged 9-11 years old from public and private schools in the city of São Caetano do Sul. Sedentary behavior and different intensities of physical activity were evaluated with an accelerometer. Inside school environment (policies, supervision committee, extracurricular activities, breaks, and access to school facilities) was evaluated using a questionnaire. Policies and practice (β: 8.49; 95% CI: 3.62-13.36), supervision committee (5.42; 0.64-10.19), inter-school competitions (2.40, 2.25-2.55), breaks of 15-29 min/day (6.87; 2.20-10.75), and outdoor sports field (5.40; 0.37-10.44), were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Furthermore, crossing guards (7.65; 3.00-12.30) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. We concluded that an association was found between school environment indicators with higher levels of physical activity and greater odds of meeting physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sales
- Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano Do Sul (CELAFISCS), Rua Santo Antonio, 50 - 5º andar - salas 504/505 - Centro, São Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro da Silva Junior
- Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano Do Sul (CELAFISCS), Rua Santo Antonio, 50 - 5º andar - salas 504/505 - Centro, São Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Raiany Rosa Bergamo
- Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano Do Sul (CELAFISCS), Rua Santo Antonio, 50 - 5º andar - salas 504/505 - Centro, São Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos de Oliveira
- Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano Do Sul (CELAFISCS), Rua Santo Antonio, 50 - 5º andar - salas 504/505 - Centro, São Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de La Actividad Física, el Deporte Y La Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Victor Matsudo
- Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano Do Sul (CELAFISCS), Rua Santo Antonio, 50 - 5º andar - salas 504/505 - Centro, São Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil
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187
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Khazaie H, Najafi F, Chehri A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Amin-Esmaeili M, Moradinazar M, Zakiei A, Pasdar Y, Brühl AB, Brand S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D. Physical Activity Patterns, Circadian Rhythms, and Aggressive and Suicidal Behavior among a Larger Sample of the General Population Aged 15 to 34 Years. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082821. [PMID: 37109158 PMCID: PMC10141705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a psychological perspective, aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior could be considered dysfunctional coping strategies. Poor sleep patterns may further increase such dysfunctional coping. In contrast, regular physical activity may have the power to counteract such dysfunctional coping. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to combine categories of circadian rhythms as a proxy of normative sleep patterns and categories of physical activity patterns, and to associate these categories with aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior among a larger sample of adolescents and young adults, aged 15 to 34 years. METHOD A total of 2991 (55.6% females) individuals aged 15 to 34 years of the so-called Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study (RaNCD) took part in this study. Participants completed self-rating questionnaires covering circadian-related sleep patterns, regular physical activity, socio-demographic information and dimensions of aggression, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior. RESULTS In a first step, both sleep patterns (circadian rhythm disorder: yes vs. no) and physical activity patterns (high vs. low) were dichotomized. Next, participants were assigned to one of four prototypical clusters: No circadian sleep disorders and high physical activity ("Hi-Sleep-Hi-PA"); no circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity ("Hi-Sleep-Lo-PA"); circadian sleep disorders and high physical activity ("Lo-Sleep-Hi-PA"); circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity ("Lo-Sleep-Lo-PA"). Projecting these four clusters on dimensions of aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior, the following findings were observed: Participants of the "Hi-Sleep-Hi-PA" reported the lowest scores for aggressive behavior, self-injury and suicidal behavior, compared to participants of the "Lo-Sleep-Lo-PA" cluster. No differences for aggressive behavior, self-injury and suicidal behavior were observed among participants of the "Hi-Sleep-Lo-PA" and the "Lo-Sleep-Hi-PA" clusters. CONCLUSIONS It appeared that the combination of favorable circadian sleep patterns and high physical activity patterns was associated with lower aggressive behavior, lower self-injury and suicidal behavior as proxies of favorable psychological functioning. In contrast, persons reporting high circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity patterns appeared to demand particular attention and counseling for both their lifestyle issues (sleep and physical activity) and their dysfunctional coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Azita Chehri
- Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6714673159, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Ali Zakiei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Addiction Research Prevention Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
- Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Department of Psychology and Department of Epidemiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Lemberg GM, Riso EM, Fjørtoft I, Kjønniksen L, Kull M, Mäestu E. School Children's Physical Activity and Preferred Activities during Outdoor Recess in Estonia: Using Accelerometers, Recess Observation, and Schoolyard Mapping. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040702. [PMID: 37189951 DOI: 10.3390/children10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies about recess have found that children have higher physical activity (PA) during outdoor recess compared to indoor recess, and well-constructed schoolyards play an important role in stimulating PA in children. This study aimed at investigating the affordances of schoolyards and outdoor recess PA in two urban and two rural primary schools in Estonia. Schoolyards were described with the geographical mapping method, children's activities during outdoor recess were registered by using observations, and PA levels were measured with accelerometers. Students from grades two to six (8-13-year-olds) were included in the study. All observed schoolyards had different spaces including various ball game areas, climbing facilities, and slacklines. The natural environment dominated in the rural schools, and artificial surfaces dominated in the urban schools. Boys in the study tended to enjoy more sport-related activities, whereas girls preferred more social and less active activities. Students participating in outdoor recess spent about twice as much time (20.4%) on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) compared to indoor recess (9.5%), although boys were more active than girls (22.9% vs. 17.3%). All schoolyards afforded more MVPA during outdoor recess compared to indoor recess, whereas schoolyards with more space per child and natural environment elements generated more varied PA and higher MVPA. These findings confirm the importance of schoolyard design and quality for the variety and intensity of students' PA during outdoor recess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getter Marie Lemberg
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva-Maria Riso
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ingunn Fjørtoft
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3679 Notodden, Norway
| | - Lise Kjønniksen
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3679 Notodden, Norway
| | - Merike Kull
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
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189
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Tilden DR, Noser AE, Jaser SS. Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Associated with Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2023; 2023:1395466. [PMID: 37614407 PMCID: PMC10445792 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1395466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are particularly vulnerable to poor psychosocial outcomes-high rates of diabetes distress and poor quality of life are common among this cohort. Previous work in the general population demonstrated positive associations between quality of life and increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as well as decreased sedentary behavior. While survey-based assessments of young adults with T1D observed similar trends, these studies were limited by their use of subjective assessments of MVPA and sedentary behavior. The use of direct activity monitoring is needed to establish the association between psychosocial outcomes and MVPA and sedentary behavior among adolescents with T1D. Objective To explore the association between objectively measured MVPA and sedentary behavior on psychosocial outcomes among adolescents with T1D. Subjects and Methods The current study is a secondary analysis of baseline data collected for a pilot trial of sleep-promoting intervention for adolescents with T1D. Participants (n = 29, with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.3 years) completed baseline surveys and wore an actigraph for a week following the baseline visit. We examined minutes per week of MVPA and proportion of awake time spent sedentary in relation to adolescents' diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and diabetes-related quality of life. Results Participants engaged in a mean of 19.6 ± 22.4 minutes of MVPA per day and spent 68.6 ± 9.9% of their awake time sedentary. MVPA was associated with lower diabetes distress in unadjusted (-3.6; 95% CI: -6.4 to -0.8) and adjusted (-2.6; 95% CI: -5.0--0.3) analyses. Sedentary time was associated with higher diabetes distress in adjusted (6.3; 95% CI: 1.3-11.2) but not unadjusted (6.0; 95% CI: -5.6-12.6) analyses. In secondary analyses, we did not observe significant associations between quality of life or depressive symptoms with either MVPA or sedentary behavior. Discussion Our findings extend previous survey-based work demonstrating an association between decreased diabetes distress with greater weekly MVPA and lower sedentary time. The current study highlights the multifaceted benefits of physical activity in this population and provides preliminary evidence for developing interventions to reduce sedentary time as an alternative method to improve psychosocial outcomes in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Tilden
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amy E. Noser
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah S. Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Psychology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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190
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Levine JA. The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1122938. [PMID: 37077429 PMCID: PMC10106700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
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191
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Tennfjord MK, Strand MF, Østby N, Harbø KMT, Fredriksen PM. A school-based physical activity intervention on psychosocial health outcomes among 11- and 12-year-olds - HOPP-project. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:455-464. [PMID: 36420609 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the effect of a school-based physical activity (PA)-intervention among 11- and 12-year-olds (6th- and 7th graders) across 4 years. Seven primary schools in Horten municipality in Norway received 45 min daily extra PA as part of the curriculum. The intervention started in 2015 with follow-up in 2016-2019. The effect was measured after 1-4 years of participation, among the same children (6th to 7th grade) and among new children starting in 6th grade. Two control schools received no additional PA beyond the regular PA at school. The Self-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-S) focusing on internalizing and externalizing difficulties were administrated. A statistical model for repeated measurements was used and adjusted for parents' educational level, sex, age, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The significance level was p ≤ 0.01. In total, 1221 children completed the SDQ-S. SDQ-S scores were stable, and difficulties were relatively low. The control group had significantly lower SDQ-S scores than the intervention group at start, indicating fewer difficulties. The adjusted effect within the intervention schools showed a borderline significant increase in total difficulty scores between 2018 and 2019 (mean difference: 1.02, 95% CI: -1.82, -0.23, p ≤ 0.01). Educational level showed a weak negative correlation with total difficulty score (r = -0.1). No significant change was reported within the control schools. Few psychosocial health problems among 11- and 12-year-olds were detected. The borderline increase in total difficulty score that was seen for the intervention schools, is believed to be of limited clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nora Østby
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Per Morten Fredriksen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.,Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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192
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Alodhayani AA, Almutairi KM, Altasan Z, AlKhaldi G, Aljasser A. Impact of quarantine on sleep quality and psychological status in COVID-19 suspected cases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2023; 35:102529. [PMID: 36597487 PMCID: PMC9801693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate into mental health outcomes such as stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as sleep quality in suspected COVID-19 quarantined cases. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used an online survey to target suspected COVID-19 cases in quarantine facilities. Data were collected on several aspects of participants' sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disturbance, and mental health status. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to measure both the psychological impact and mental health status. Results Of the 362 people who took the survey, 234 (64.6%) were men, and 148 were between the ages of 26-35. Poor sleep was found to be prevalent in 65% of study participants. The rates of individuals reporting severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 14.6%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. According to the findings, there were significant gender differences in depression and anxiety (p = 0.001). When compared to the other age groups, participants aged 26-35 reported the highest level of stress (p = 0.001). Being male [OR = -1.23, 95% CI (-2.75-1.95) P = 0.050], single [OR = 0.98, CI (0.15-4.20), P = 0.001], and a healthcare worker [OR = -2.20, 95% CI (-2.59-1.82), P = 0.001] were all associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion Approximately-one-third of quarantine COVID-19 patients had poor sleep quality with mild-moderate depression. Both anxiety and stress scales were prevalent in nearly half of the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Altasan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah AlKhaldi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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193
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Pombo A, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, de Sá CDSC, Siegle CBH, Tortella P, Fumagalli G, Cordovil R. Children's Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Cultural Comparison Between Portugal, Brazil and Italy. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:680-699. [PMID: 36745476 PMCID: PMC9904991 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231152662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement measures that disrupted the daily routines of many families worldwide. We studied how the COVID-19 lockdown affected children's routines in Portugal (PT), Brazil (BR), and Italy (IT) to determine if children's age and country impacted their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. We launched an anonymous online survey to assess how 3-12 years old children adjusted their daily routines to this situation. Parents reported the times each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, and we used these data to calculate separately overall sedentary and physical activity time. We conducted separate analyses of variance for age and country on the percentage of time spent in the different activities. Results, based on the data from 3045 children in these three countries (PT n = 2044; BR n = 836; IT n = 165), showed that, during lockdown, most children spent most of their awake daily hours in sedentary activities. There was a clear age effect on the way their routines were organized. Percentages of time spent in intellectual activity, playful screen activity, and overall sedentary time were greater in the older age groups, whereas percentages of time spent in play (with and without PA) and in overall PA were greater in the younger groups. We found a main effect of country for all variables except play without PA. The country effect was mainly due to the difference between the routines in BR when compared to PT and IT. Values of playful screen time and overall sedentary activity were higher in BR than in the two European countries. Conversely, values for play with PA, PA, and overall PA (except in the older group) were lower in BR. Patterns of time spent in these activities were similar in IT and PT, but PA and overall PA times were higher in the two younger age groups in IT. In summary, percentage of PA time of confined children was low and decreased with age across all three countries and was particularly low for children in BR relative to those in PT and IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pombo
- Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology, SPRINT, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology, SPRINT, Melgaço, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis P. Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology, SPRINT, Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Guido Fumagalli
- Center for Research in Child Motor Development, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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194
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Rico-González M. The Effect of Primary School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:317-347. [PMID: 36870346 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The present article aimed to systematically summarize primary school-based intervention programs and their effects evaluated through randomized-controlled trial design. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using 4 electronic databases. From a total of 193 studies initially found, 30 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Main results: (1) Intensive interval training or jump/strength exercises may positively influence physical fitness, promoting challenging task, psychological needs, and guided styles to a greater extent; (2) Games that demand more cognitive function seem more beneficial than those based on repetitive aerobic exertion to improve fundamental motor skills; (3) The jumping/strength exercises may cause benefits in bone area and bone mineral density, while flexibility and balance may reduce the risk of muscle injury; and (4) Programming a greater dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seems to be related to positive effects in core executive function and academic performance. Additionally, providing information and involving the social environment may enhance the positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, Leioa,Spain
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195
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Gentile A, Giustino V, Rodriguez-Ferrán O, La Marca A, Compagno G, Bianco A, Battaglia G, Alesi M. Inclusive physical activity games at school: The role of teachers’ attitude toward inclusion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1158082. [PMID: 37063558 PMCID: PMC10090663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1158082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionInclusive physical activity games at school can be useful for teachers dealing with students with disabilities. The use of inclusive strategies and games can be directly linked to teachers’ self-efficacy and familiarity with the inclusive strategies, while it could be indirectly influenced by their attitude toward inclusion and, in a smaller part, by social desirability in their response. Moreover, teachers’ responses could be different among the different school grades. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the role of attitude toward inclusion, social desirability, self-efficacy, and familiarity in the use of physical activity games at school in teachers from all school grades.MethodsA sample of 1,583 schoolteachers was asked to fill out a questionnaire about their perceptions of governmental measures, self-efficacy, familiarity with inclusive strategies through physical activity, and two standardized questionnaires assessing attitudes toward inclusion and social desirability.ResultsTeachers from primary school reported lower scores in attitude toward inclusion total score and dimensions, namely impact on teacher, impact on the environment, impact on the other children, and impact on the student with disability. Moreover, the path analysis model showed that the attitude toward inclusion indirectly influenced the use of inclusive strategy and had a small direct effect on familiarity with inclusive strategies and self-efficacy. Social desirability slightly influenced both familiarity and self-efficacy but not the use of inclusive strategies. Familiarity and self-efficacy had a direct effect on the use of inclusive physical activity games.DiscussionThe results of the current study suggest that being familiar with and having a high self-efficacy in implementing inclusive strategies are well related to the use of inclusive strategies at school. In addition, more attention should be given to kindergarten and primary school teachers, who reported lower scores in the attitude toward inclusion and higher scores in social desirability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Gentile
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ambra Gentile,
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Olga Rodriguez-Ferrán
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alessandra La Marca
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Compagno
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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196
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Reverdito RS, Fonseca S, Lopes A, Aires K, Santos Alves L, Alves de Lima L, Tavares MDA, Gonçalves C. Sources of Sport Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Efficacy Among Youth in a Competitive Environment. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1221-1238. [PMID: 36977208 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231167460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Young people's sources of satisfaction in sport are an important indicator of their long-term sport participation. Contextual factors and an individual's internal dispositions act synergistically to determine a positive experience. We studied sources of sport satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy of 1,151 male and female youth athletes (M age = 14.72, SD = 1.56 years) in Brazil who were engaged in school state level competition. The participants responded to questionnaires on their sport satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy. We considered sex, training time, and last game results as independent variables in accessing participant differences in perceived satisfaction. We observed an increasing trend toward more significant satisfaction as sport experience increased. Perceived self-efficacy was a moderator for young participants' self-reported positive experience in sports. Thus, in our offer of evidence on sources of satisfaction in sport and perceived self-efficacy among youth in competition, we found the extent of the sport experience and self-efficacy to be important factors in the developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karyna Aires
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Sport Pedagogy, State University of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Luciano Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Sport Pedagogy, State University of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Leilane Alves de Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Sport Pedagogy, State University of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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197
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Prieto-Botella D, Martens DS, Valera-Gran D, Subiza-Pérez M, Tardón A, Lozano M, Casas M, Bustamante M, Jimeno-Romero A, Fernández-Somoano A, Llop S, Vrijheid M, Nawrot TS, Navarrete-Muñoz EM. Sedentary Behaviour and Telomere Length Shortening during Early Childhood: Evidence from the Multicentre Prospective INMA Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5134. [PMID: 36982042 PMCID: PMC10048855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour (SB) may be related to telomere length (TL) attrition due to a possible pro-inflammatory effect. This study examined the association between parent-reported sedentary behaviour (SB) and leukocyte TL at the age of 4 and telomere tracking from 4 to 8 years. In the Spanish birth cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) project, we analysed data from children who attended follow-up visits at age 4 (n = 669) and 8 (n = 530). Multiple robust regression models were used to explore the associations between mean daily hours of SB (screen time, other sedentary activities, and total SB) at 4 years categorised into tertiles and TL at 4 years and difference in TL rank between age 4 and 8, respectively. At the age of 4, the results showed that children with the highest screen time (1.6-5.0 h/day) had a shorter TL of -3.9% (95% CI: -7.4, -0.4; p = 0.03) compared with children in the lowest tertile (0.0-1.0 h/day). Between 4 and 8 years, a higher screen time (highest tertile group vs. lowest tertile) was associated with a decrease in the LTL rank of -1.9% (95% CI: -3.8, -0.1; p = 0.03) from 4 to 8 years. Children exposed to a higher screen time at 4 years were more prone to have shorter TL at 4 and between 4 and 8 years of age. This study supports the potential negative effect of SB during childhood on cellular longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, BE-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Desiree Valera-Gran
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular del Cáncer, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue s/n, 33001 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Lozano
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular del Cáncer, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue s/n, 33001 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, BE-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Pang JCY, Chan ELS, Lau HMC, Reeves KKL, Chung THY, Hui HWL, Leung AHL, Fu ACL. The impacts of physical activity on psychological and behavioral problems, and changes in physical activity, sleep and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1015943. [PMID: 36969271 PMCID: PMC10038232 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1015943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the level of physical activity (PA). However, little is known about its effect on health outcomes. Methods Articles without language restrictions published from the database inception through March 16, 2022, were retrieved using the CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. High-quality articles assessing the effect of PA on psychological and behavioral problems. Additionally, PA, QoL, and/or sleep problems before and during the pandemic were included. Articles without data regarding PA or involving non-general populations were excluded. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Data quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis if heterogenicity was high (I 2 ≥ 50%). The relationship between PA and psychological and behavioral problems; and changes in PA, QoL, and sleeping patterns before and during the pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents were investigated. A meta-analysis was conducted; odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MD), and standardized MDs (SMDs) were calculated. Results Thirty-four articles involving 66,857 participants were included. The results showed an overall significant protective effect between PA and psychological and/or behavioral problems (OR = 0.677; 95% CI = 0.630, 0.728; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 59.79%). This relationship was also significant in the subgroup analysis of children (OR = 0.690; 95% CI = 0.632, 0.752; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 58.93%) and adolescents (OR = 0.650; 95% CI = 0.570, 0.741; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 60.85%); however, no data on the relationship in preschoolers were collected. In addition, the overall time spent on PA significantly decreased by 23.2 min per day during the COVID-19 pandemic (95% CI = -13.5, -32.9; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 99.82%). Moreover, the results showed an overall significant decrease in QoL (SMD = -0.894, 95% CI = -1.180, -0.609, p-value <0.001, I 2 = 96.64%). However, there was no significant difference in sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic (MD = 0.01 h per day, 95% CI = -0.027, 0.225; p-value = 0.125; I 2 = 98.48%). Conclusion During the pandemic, less PA was contributed to poor QoL and sleep quality. However, increases in PA are associated with reduced occurrences of psychological and behavioral problems. Implementing recovery plans to address the health effect of the pandemic is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson C. Y. Pang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric L. S. Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Herman M. C. Lau
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kara K. L. Reeves
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina H. Y. Chung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi W. L. Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred H. L. Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allan C. L. Fu
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Intervention Programme Based on Self-Determination Theory to Promote Extracurricular Physical Activity through Physical Education in Primary School: A Study Protocol. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030504. [PMID: 36980062 PMCID: PMC10047147 DOI: 10.3390/children10030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a concern among students, producing negative physical, health and mental consequences. This study aims to present a protocol intervention in physical education (PE) based on self-determination theory (SDT) to enhance students’ motivation towards performing PA and increasing their PA levels in their leisure time. This protocol is a convenience study with two allocation arms (intervention group versus control group). SDT-based motivational strategies will be carried out and co-created with PE teachers to increase motivation and out-of-school PA levels. Data collection will be conducted three times: before the intervention, after the intervention (four months after baseline) and at the end of the intervention (retention measurement, seven months after baseline). The measures will assess perceived teacher support for PA, motivation towards PA, intention to be physically active, PA levels, engagement in PE and academic performance. Overall, this intervention programme is expected to increase students’ autonomous motivation for PA and their PA levels in their free time. This intervention might encourage teachers to establish strategies and resources to increase their students’ adaptive outcomes.
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200
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Meyer S, Lang C, Ludyga S, Grob A, Gerber M. "What If Others Think I Look Like…" The Moderating Role of Social Physique Anxiety and Sex in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction in Swiss Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4441. [PMID: 36901450 PMCID: PMC10002265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been shown to have a positive effect on life satisfaction in adolescents. Despite these benefits, physical activity levels constantly drop during adolescence, suggesting potential interfering factors in this link. Since worries about physical appearance are an important issue at this age, this study aims to examine the relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction in adolescents and explores possible moderating effects of social physique anxiety and sex. METHODS We used data from a longitudinal study with N = 864 vocational students (mean age = 17.87 years, range: 16-25, 43% female) from Switzerland. To test our hypotheses, we used multiple hierarchical regression analyses as well as simple slope analyses. RESULTS We did not find a significant direct effect of physical activity on life satisfaction. However, we found a significant two-way interaction between physical activity and social physique anxiety. An additional significant three-way interaction occurred, indicating that a positive effect of physical activity on life satisfaction holds only for female adolescents with low social physique anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of developing a healthy relationship with one's body to fully benefit from physical activity, especially for female adolescents. Taken together, these results reveal important considerations for physical activity educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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