151
|
Liang A, Shanshan Tang B, Miao Liu C, Yue Yi D, Bingteng Xie E, Hou F, Aiqin Luo G. A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with tunable electrosynthesized Cu-MOFs modification for ultrasensitive detection of human IgG. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
152
|
Wang S, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Dou Q, Han Y, Huang M, Hong K, Yang B, Zhou X, Dai Q. Saliva-based point-of-care testing techniques for COVID-19 detection. Virol Sin 2022; 37:472-476. [PMID: 35508276 PMCID: PMC9056993 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of COVID-19 detection in saliva were systematically introduced. Saliva-based POCT technologies for the detection of COVID-19 were reviewed. A positive correlation between COVID-19 antibodies in saliva and serum was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
153
|
Zhang Y, Chen F, Xie H, Zhou B. Electrochemical biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 pathogen and protein biomarkers. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2022; 17:220541. [PMID: 37360860 PMCID: PMC10276346 DOI: 10.20964/2022.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV CoV-2) pathogen and protein biomarkers can improve the diagnosis accuracy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electrochemical biosensors have attracted extensive attention in the scientific community because of their simple design, fast response, good portability, high sensitivity and high selectivity. In this review, we summarized the progress in the electrochemical detection of COVID-19 pathogen and SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers, including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid protein and their antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yintang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, P. R. China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, P. R. China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Fluorescent bioassay for SARS-CoV-2 detection using polypyrene-g-poly(ε-caprolactone) prepared by simultaneous photoinduced step-growth and ring-opening polymerizations. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:202. [PMID: 35474492 PMCID: PMC9042169 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a rapid and easy immunofluorescence bioassay for SARS-CoV-2 detection is described. We report for the first time a novel one-pot synthetic approach for simultaneous photoinduced step-growth polymerization of pyrene (Py) and ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (PCL) to produce a graft fluorescent copolymer PPy-g-PCL that was conjugated to SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies using EDC/NHS chemistry. The synthesis steps and conjugation products were fully characterized using standard spectral analysis. Next, the PPy-g-PCL was used for the construction of a dot-blot assay which was calibrated for applications to human nasopharyngeal samples. The analytical features of the proposed sensor showed a detection range of 6.03–8.7 LOG viral copy mL−1 (Ct Scores: 8–25), the limit of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ) of 1.84 and 6.16 LOG viral copy mL−1, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the platform had a coefficient of variation (CV) ranging between 1.2 and 5.9%. The fluorescence-based dot-blot assay was tested with human samples. Significant differences were observed between the fluorescence intensity of the negative and positive samples, with an overall correct response of 93.33%. The assay demonstrated a high correlation with RT-PCR data. This strategy opens new insights into simplified synthesis procedures of the reporter molecules and their high potential sensing and diagnosis applications.
Collapse
|
155
|
Wu CC, Chiang YH, Chiang HY. A Label-Free Electrochemical Impedimetric Immunosensor with Biotinylated-Antibody for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein Detection in Saliva. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050265. [PMID: 35624566 PMCID: PMC9138907 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The timely detecting of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus antigens for infection validation is an urgent request for COVID-19 pandemic control. This study constructed label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based immunosensors based on gold nanostructured screen-printed carbon electrodes (AuNS/SPCEs) to detect the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) in saliva. Using short-chain 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a linker to covalently bond streptavidin (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for controlling the oriented immobilization of the biotinylated anti-N-protein antibody (BioAb) can offer a greater sensitivity, a lower limit of detection (LOD), and better reproducibility of immunosensors (defined as BioAb/SA-BSA/MPA/AuNS/SPCEs) than the antibody randomly immobilized immunosensors and the long-chain 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-modified immunosensors (BioAb/SA-BSA/MUA/AuNS/SPCEs). The BioAb/SA-BSA/MPA/AuNS/SPCE-based immunosensors presented good linearity from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and a low LOD of 6 pg/mL in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and PBS-diluted saliva. Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited little cross-activity with other viral antigens such as MERS-CoV N-protein, influenza A N-protein, influenza B N-protein, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, indicating the high specificity of the immunosensors. The disposable label-free EIS-based immunosensors have promising potential in facilitating the rapid and sensitive tests of saliva-based COVID-19 diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Wu
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2285-1268
| | - Yu-Huan Chiang
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | | |
Collapse
|
156
|
Lee WI, Subramanian A, Mueller S, Levon K, Nam CY, Rafailovich MH. Potentiometric Biosensors Based on Molecular-Imprinted Self-Assembled Monolayer Films for Rapid Detection of Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5045-5055. [PMID: 35465271 PMCID: PMC9016774 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, yet accurate and sensitive testing has been shown to be critical in the control of spreading pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Current methods which are highly sensitive and can differentiate different strains are slow and cannot be conveniently applied at the point of care. Rapid tests, meanwhile, require a high titer and are not sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between strains. Here, we report a rapid and facile potentiometric detection method based on nanoscale, three-dimensional molecular imprints of analytes on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), which can deliver analyte-specific detection of both whole virions and isolated proteins in microliter amounts of bodily fluids within minutes. The detection substrate with nanoscale inverse surface patterns of analytes formed by a SAM identifies a target analyte by recognizing its surface nano- and molecular structures, which can be monitored by temporal measurement of the change in substrate open-circuit potential. The sensor unambiguously detected and differentiated H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virions as well as the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in human saliva with limits of detection reaching 200 PFU/mL and 100 pg/mL for the viral particles and spike proteins, respectively. The demonstrated speed and specificity of detection, combined with a low required sample volume, high sensitivity, ease of potentiometric measurement, and simple sample collection and preparation, suggest that the technique can be used as a highly effective point-of-care diagnostic platform for a fast, accurate, and specific detection of various viral pathogens and their variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Kalle Levon
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Miriam H. Rafailovich
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Madhurantakam S, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Emerging Electrochemical Biosensing Trends for Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19 Biomarkers as Point-of-Care Platforms: A Critical Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12467-12473. [PMID: 35474766 PMCID: PMC9026073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis is a critical aspect associated with controlling the spread of COVID-19. Electrochemical sensor platforms are ideally suited for rapid and highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. This review focuses on state-of-the-art of COVID-19 biomarker detection by utilizing electrochemical biosensing platforms. Point-of-care (POC) sensing is one of the most promising and emerging fields in detecting and quantifying health biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors play a major role in the development of point-of-care devices because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and ability for rapid analysis. Integration of electrochemistry with point-of-care technologies in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis and screening has facilitated in convenient operation, miniaturization, and portability. Identification of potential biomarkers in disease diagnosis is crucial for patient monitoring concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we will discuss the choice of biomarkers in addition to the various types of electrochemical sensors that have been developed to meet the needs of rapid detection and disease severity analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasya Madhurantakam
- Department
of Bioengineering, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department
of Bioengineering, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Kuang Y, Xia Y, Wang X, Rao Q, Yang S. Magnetic Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Adsorption of 4-Hydroxycoumarin. Front Chem 2022; 10:862777. [PMID: 35464201 PMCID: PMC9022774 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.862777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
4-hydroxyl coumarin (HC), an important intermediate during the synthesis procedure of rodenticide and anti-cardiovascular drug, shows highly medicinal value and economic value. To achieve the efficient adsorption of HC from natural biological samples, a novel magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer (HC/SMIPs) was constructed by employing methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, organic silane modified magnetic particles as matrix carrier and HC as template molecule. Due to the numerous specific imprinted cavities on the HC/SMIPs, the maximum adsorption capacity of HC/SMIPs for 4-hydroxycoumarin could reach to 22.78 mg g−1 within 20 min. In addition, HC/SMIPs exhibited highly selective adsorption for 4-hydroxycoumarin compared with other active drug molecules (osthole and rutin) and showed excellent regeneration performance. After 8 cycles of adsorption-desorption tests, the adsorption capacity of HC/SMIPs just slightly decreased by 6.64%. The efficient selective removal and easy recycle of 4-hydroxycoumarin from biological samples by HC/SMIPs made a highly promising to advance the application of imprinting polymers in complex practical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qingqing Rao
- *Correspondence: Qingqing Rao, ; Shengxiang Yang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Cha H, Kim H, Joung Y, Kang H, Moon J, Jang H, Park S, Kwon HJ, Lee IC, Kim S, Yong D, Yoon SW, Park SG, Guk K, Lim EK, Park HG, Choo J, Jung J, Kang T. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114008. [PMID: 35086030 PMCID: PMC8770391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected humans worldwide for over a year now. Although various tests have been developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, advanced sensing methods are required for the diagnosis, screening, and surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay involving an antibody pair, SERS-active hollow Au nanoparticles (NPs), and magnetic beads for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The selected antibody pair against the SARS-CoV-2 antigen, along with the magnetic beads, facilitates the accurate direct detection of the virus. The hollow Au NPs exhibit strong, reproducible SERS signals, allowing sensitive quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. This assay had detection limits of 2.56 fg/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and 3.4 plaque-forming units/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 lysates. Furthermore, it facilitated the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in human nasopharyngeal aspirates and diagnosis of COVID-19 within 30 min using a portable Raman device. Thus, this assay can be potentially used for the diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Cha
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younju Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Jang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Park
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghye Guk
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Erdem A, Senturk H, Yildiz E, Maral M. Amperometric immunosensor developed for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein in combined with portable device. Talanta 2022; 244:123422. [PMID: 35395458 PMCID: PMC8963973 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, an amperometric immunosensor was developed based on disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for specific and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 monoclonal antibody was firstly immobilized onto the electrode surface. Then, the sandwich complex was formed by addition of S1 protein, secondary antibody and HRP-IgG, respectively. Chronoamperometry measurements were done in the presence of TMB mediator and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein was performed by using 10 μL sample. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.19 ng/mL (equals to 24.7 amol in 10 μL sample) in the linear range of 0.5–10 ng/mL obtained in buffer medium. The applicability of this assay was investigated in the linear range of 0.5–3 ng/mL S1 protein in artificial saliva medium with the LOD as 0.13 ng/mL (equals to 16.9 amol in 10 μL sample). The selectivity study was examined in the presence of Hemagglutinin antigen (HA) in both mediums; buffer and artificial saliva while resulting with the successful discrimination between S1 protein and HA. The one of ultimate goals of our study is to present the possible implementation of this assay to point of care (POC) analysis. Under this aim, this assay was performed in combination with a portable device that is the commercial electrochemical analyzer. Amperometric detection of S1 protein in the range of 0.5–5 ng/mL was also successfully performed in artificial saliva medium with a resulting LOD as 0.15 ng/mL (equals to 19.5 amol in 10 μL sample). In addition, a selectivity study was similarly carried out by portable device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzum Erdem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Senturk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esma Yildiz
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Maral
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Kawasaki D, Yamada H, Sueyoshi K, Hisamoto H, Endo T. Imprinted Photonic Crystal-Film-Based Smartphone-Compatible Label-Free Optical Sensor for SARS-CoV-2 Testing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:200. [PMID: 35448260 PMCID: PMC9026776 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. To manage and control the spread of the infection, it is crucial to develop and implement technologies for the early identification of infected individuals and rapid informatization in communities. For the realization of such a technology, a widely available and highly usable sensor for sensitive and specific assay of the virus plays a fundamental role. In this study, we developed an optical sensor based on an imprinted photonic crystal film (IPCF) for quick, simple, and cost-effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in artificial saliva. Our IPCF sensor enabled label-free and highly sensitive detection with a smartphone-equipped optical setup. The IPCF surface was functionalized with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody for immunoassay. We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of the IPCF sensor for quantitative detection of the spike protein in artificial saliva using simple reflectometry with a spectrometer-equipped optical setup. Specific and quantitative detection of the spike protein was successfully achieved, with a low detection limit of 429 fg/mL. In the demonstration of reflectometric detection with a smartphone-equipped setup, the sensitivity was comparable with that with a spectrometer-equipped setup. The test result is returned immediately and can be saved to cloud storage. In addition, it costs less than USD 1 for one IPCF to be used for diagnosis. Thus, the developed IPCF has the potential to realize a widely available and highly usable sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.K.); (H.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.K.); (H.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.K.); (H.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 5-3 Yonban-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8666, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.K.); (H.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.K.); (H.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Wang H, Wang M, Wang H, Ren X, Wang H, Wei Q, Wu D. Detection of NSE by a photoelectrochemical self-powered immunosensor integrating RGO photocathode and WO 3/Mn:CdS nanomaterial photoanode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114196. [PMID: 35325720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Generally, the photoanodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay method has an outstanding photocurrent and low detection limit, but its poor anti-interference ability in the detection of real samples restricts its performance. The photocathode immunoassay method has an excellent ability to see interference in actual sample detection, but it has its own defect in that the photocurrent is not obvious. Here, a promising new cathodic PEC immunosensing platform is reported, which integrates a photocathode and photoanode. The photoanode and photocathode are WO3/Mn:CdS composite modified and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, respectively. In addition to an excellent PEC response, the immunosensor constructed by the integrating the photoanode and photocathode also has good anti-interference ability in actual sample analysis. The constructed immunosensor achieves accurate detection of NSE with a range from 5.0 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 1.2 pg/mL. The proposed immunoassay method has good stability, selectivity and reproducibility. Moreover, it introduces new ideas for the construction of PEC immunosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Flores-Contreras EA, González-González RB, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Yee-de León JF, Iqbal HMN, González-González E. Microfluidics-Based Biosensing Platforms: Emerging Frontiers in Point-of-Care Testing SARS-CoV-2 and Seroprevalence. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:179. [PMID: 35323449 PMCID: PMC8946853 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak and has unprecedentedly impacted the public health and economic sector. The pandemic has forced researchers to focus on the accurate and early detection of SARS-CoV-2, developing novel diagnostic tests. Among these, microfluidic-based tests stand out for their multiple benefits, such as their portability, low cost, and minimal reagents used. This review discusses the different microfluidic platforms applied in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and seroprevalence, classified into three sections according to the molecules to be detected, i.e., (1) nucleic acid, (2) antigens, and (3) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Moreover, commercially available alternatives based on microfluidic platforms are described. Timely and accurate results allow healthcare professionals to perform efficient treatments and make appropriate decisions for infection control; therefore, novel developments that integrate microfluidic technology may provide solutions in the form of massive diagnostics to control the spread of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elda A. Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (R.B.G.-G.)
| | | | - Iram P. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | | | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (R.B.G.-G.)
| | - Everardo González-González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Fabiani L, Mazzaracchio V, Moscone D, Fillo S, De Santis R, Monte A, Amatore D, Lista F, Arduini F. Paper-based immunoassay based on 96-well wax-printed paper plate combined with magnetic beads and colorimetric smartphone-assisted measure for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 200:113909. [PMID: 34995838 PMCID: PMC8697482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global pandemic outbreak, opening the most severe socio-economic crisis since World War II. Different scientific activities have been emerged in this global scenario, including the development of innovative analytical tools to measure nucleic acid, antibodies, and antigens in the nasopharyngeal swab, serum, and saliva for prompt identification of COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the immune response to the vaccine. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva remains a challenge for the lack of sufficient sensitivity. To address this issue, we developed a novel paper-based immunoassay using magnetic beads to support the immunological chain and 96-well wax-printed paper plate as a platform for color visualization by using a smartphone combined with Spotxel free-charge app. To assess the reliability of the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, untreated saliva was used as a specimen and the calibration curve demonstrated a dynamic range up to 10 μg/mL, with a detection limit equal to 0.1 μg/mL. The effectiveness of this sustainable analytical tool in saliva was evaluated by comparing the data with the nasopharyngeal swab specimens sampled by the same patients and tested with Real-Time PCR reference method, founding 100% of agreement, even in the case of high Cycle Threshold (CT) numbers (low viral load). Furthermore, the positive saliva samples were characterized by the next-generation sequencing method, demonstrating the capability to detect the Delta variant, which is actually (July 2021) the most relevant variant of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabiani
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fillo
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Anella Monte
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Haghayegh F, Salahandish R, Hassani M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Highly Stable Buffer-Based Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosurface Chemistry for Rapid Immunosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10844-10855. [PMID: 35172574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and long-lasting effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has called attention to the significance of technological advances in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study reports the use of a highly stable buffer-based zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (bbZnO/rGO) nanocomposite coated on carbon screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical immuno-biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 nuelocapsid (N-) protein antigens in spiked and clinical samples. The incorporation of a salt-based (ionic) matrix for uniform dispersion of the nanomixture eliminates multistep nanomaterial synthesis on the surface of the electrode and enables a stable single-step sensor nanocoating. The immuno-biosensor provides a limit of detection of 21 fg/mL over a linear range of 1-10 000 pg/mL and exhibits a sensitivity of 32.07 ohms·mL/pg·mm2 for detection of N-protein in spiked samples. The N-protein biosensor is successful in discriminating positive and negative clinical samples within 15 min, demonstrating its proof of concept used as a COVID-19 rapid antigen test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hassani
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Ramanavicius S, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Ratautaite V, Bechelany M, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Sensors for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications (Review). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 215:114739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
167
|
Liu N, Liu R, Zhang J. CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated label-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108105. [PMID: 35367933 PMCID: PMC8934182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serological antigen testing has emerged as an important diagnostic paradigm in COVID-19, but often suffers from potential cross-reactivity. To address this limitation, we herein report a label-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen by integrating aptamer-based specific recognition with CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated signal amplification. The sensing principle is based on the competitive binding of antigen and the preassembled Cas12a-crRNA complex to the antigen-specific aptamer, resulting in a change in the collateral cleavage activity of Cas12a. To further generate an electrochemical signal, a DNA architecture was fabricated by in situ rolling circle amplification on a gold electrode, which serves as a novel substrate for Cas12a. Upon Cas12a-based collateral DNA cleavage, the DNA architecture was degraded, leading to a significant decrease in impedance that can be measured spectroscopically. Using SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen as the model, the proposed CRISPR-Cas12a-based electrochemical sensor (CRISPR-E) showed excellent analytical performance for the quantitative detection of nucleocapsid antigen. Since in vitro selection can obtain aptamers selective for many SARS-CoV-2 antigens, the proposed strategy can expand this powerful CRISPR-E system significantly for quantitative monitoring of a wide range of COVID-19 biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Park R, Jeon S, Jeong J, Park SY, Han DW, Hong SW. Recent Advances of Point-of-Care Devices Integrated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Based Biosensors: From Biomolecule Sensing Design to Intraoral Fluid Testing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:136. [PMID: 35323406 PMCID: PMC8946830 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vitro diagnostic medical devices have provided analytical capabilities and reliable diagnostic results for rapid access at or near the patient's location. Nevertheless, the challenges of reliable diagnosis still remain an important factor in actual clinical trials before on-site medical treatment and making clinical decisions. New classes of POCT devices depict precise diagnostic technologies that can detect biomarkers in biofluids such as sweat, tears, saliva or urine. The introduction of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) system as an artificial bioreceptor for the POCT devices could be one of the emerging candidates to improve the analytical performance along with physicochemical stability when used in harsh environments. Here, we review the potential availability of MIP-based biorecognition systems as custom artificial receptors with high selectivity and chemical affinity for specific molecules. Further developments to the progress of advanced MIP technology for biomolecule recognition are introduced. Finally, to improve the POCT-based diagnostic system, we summarized the perspectives for high expandability to MIP-based periodontal diagnosis and the future directions of MIP-based biosensors as a wearable format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Jeonghwa Jeong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Dental Education and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.P.); (S.J.); (J.J.); (D.-W.H.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Kumar N, Shetti NP, Jagannath S, Aminabhavi TM. Electrochemical sensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022; 430:132966. [PMID: 34690533 PMCID: PMC8525496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19), a deadly pandemic has spread worldwide and created many global health issues. Though methods of its detection are being continuously developed for the early detection and monitoring of COVID-19, still there is need for more novel methods. The presently used methods include rapid antigen tests, serological surveys, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), artificial intelligence-based techniques, and assays based on sensors/biosensors. Of all these, RT-PCR test has high sensitivity and specificity though it requires more time for testing and need for skilled technicians. Recently, electrochemical sensors have been developed for rapid monitoring and detection of SARS-CoV-2 from the patient's biological fluid samples. This review covers the recently developed electrochemical sensors that are focused on the detection of viral nucleic acid, immunoglobulin, antigen, and the entire viral particles. In addition, we also compare and assess their detection limits, sensitivities and specificities for the identification and monitoring of COVID-19. Furthermore, this review will address the best practices for the development of electrochemical sensors such as electrode fouling, limit of detection/limit of quantification determination and verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, India
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, India
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Brazaca LC, Imamura AH, Gomes NO, Almeida MB, Scheidt DT, Raymundo-Pereira PA, Oliveira ON, Janegitz BC, Machado SAS, Carrilho E. Electrochemical immunosensors using electrodeposited gold nanostructures for detecting the S proteins from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5507-5517. [PMID: 35169906 PMCID: PMC8853172 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a low-cost (< US$ 0.03 per device) immunosensor based on gold-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). As a proof of concept, the immunosensor was tested for a fast and sensitive determination of S proteins from both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, by a single disposable device. Gold nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited via direct reduction of gold ions on the electrode using amperometry. Capture antibodies from spike (S) protein were covalently immobilized on carboxylic groups of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) attached to the gold nanoparticles. Label-free detection of S proteins from both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 was performed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The immunosensor fabricated with 9 s gold deposition had a high performance in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and low limit of detection (LOD) (3.16 pmol L-1), thus permitting the direct determination of the target proteins in spiked saliva samples. The complete analysis can be carried out within 35 min using a simple one-step assay protocol with small sample volumes (10 µL). With such features, the immunoplatform presented here can be deployed for mass testing in point-of-care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Hikari Imamura
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Oezau Gomes
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bortholazzi Almeida
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Desirée Tamara Scheidt
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Ayankojo AG, Boroznjak R, Reut J, Öpik A, Syritski V. Molecularly imprinted polymer based electrochemical sensor for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 353:131160. [PMID: 34866797 PMCID: PMC8626155 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continued spread of the coronavirus disease and prevalence of the global pandemic is exacerbated by the increase in the number of asymptomatic individuals who unknowingly spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although remarkable progress is being achieved at curtailing further rampage of the disease, there is still the demand for simple and rapid diagnostic tools for early detection of the COVID-19 infection and the following isolation. We report the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer synthetic receptor for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 (ncovS1), by harnessing the covalent interaction between 1,2-diols of the highly glycosylated protein and the boronic acid group of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA). The sensor displays a satisfactory performance with a reaction time of 15 min and is capable of detecting ncovS1 both in phosphate buffered saline and patient's nasopharyngeal samples with LOD values of 15 fM and 64 fM, respectively. Moreover, the sensor is compatible with portable potentiostats thus allowing on-site measurements thereby holding a great potential as a point-of-care testing platform for rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinrinade George Ayankojo
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Roman Boroznjak
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jekaterina Reut
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Öpik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vitali Syritski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Batista AD, Rajpal S, Keitel B, Dietl S, Fresco‐Cala B, Dinc M, Groß R, Sobek H, Münch J, Mizaikoff B. Plastic Antibodies Mimicking the ACE2 Receptor for Selective Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2022; 9:2101925. [PMID: 35441074 PMCID: PMC9011513 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting has proven to be a versatile and simple strategy to obtain selective materials also termed "plastic antibodies" for a wide variety of species, i.e., from ions to macromolecules and viruses. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the development of epitope-imprinted polymers for selective binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not reported to date. An epitope from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein comprising 17 amino acids is used as a template during the imprinting process. The interactions between the epitope template and organosilane monomers used for the polymer synthesis are predicted via molecular docking simulations. The molecularly imprinted polymer presents a 1.8-fold higher selectivity against the target epitope compared to non-imprinted control polymers. Rebinding studies with pseudoviruses containing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein demonstrate the superior selectivity of the molecularly imprinted matrices, which mimic the interactions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors from human cells. The obtained results highlight the potential of SARS-CoV-2 molecularly imprinted polymers for a variety of applications including chem/biosensing and antiviral delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Batista
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of UberlandiaAv. Joao Naves de Ávila 2121Uberlândia38400‐902Brazil
| | - Soumya Rajpal
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi110 016India
| | - Benedikt Keitel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Sandra Dietl
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Beatriz Fresco‐Cala
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | | | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstr. 189081UlmGermany
| | - Harald Sobek
- Labor Dr. Merk & Kollegen GmbHBeim Braunland 188416OchsenhausenGermany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstr. 189081UlmGermany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Hahn‐SchickardSedanstraße 1489077UlmGermany
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Ramanavičius S, Morkvėnaitė-Vilkončienė I, Samukaitė-Bubnienė U, Ratautaitė V, Plikusienė I, Viter R, Ramanavičius A. Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1282. [PMID: 35162027 PMCID: PMC8838766 DOI: 10.3390/s22031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of analytical signals. Expected new trends and horizons in the application of MIP-based structures are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Ramanavičius
- Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
| | - Inga Morkvėnaitė-Vilkončienė
- Department of Mechatronics, Robotics, and Digital Manufacturing, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Conversion, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urtė Samukaitė-Bubnienė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
- Department of Mechatronics, Robotics, and Digital Manufacturing, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaitė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusienė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roman Viter
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arūnas Ramanavičius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.S.-B.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (R.V.)
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Bognár Z, Supala E, Yarman A, Zhang X, Bier FF, Scheller FW, Gyurcsányi RE. Peptide epitope-imprinted polymer microarrays for selective protein recognition. Application for SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1263-1269. [PMID: 35222909 PMCID: PMC8809392 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a practically generic approach for the generation of epitope-imprinted polymer-based microarrays for protein recognition on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) chips. The SPRi platform allows the subsequent rapid screening of target binding kinetics in a multiplexed and label-free manner. The versatility of such microarrays, both as synthetic and screening platform, is demonstrated through developing highly affine molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. A characteristic nonapeptide GFNCYFPLQ from the RBD and other control peptides were microspotted onto gold SPRi chips followed by the electrosynthesis of a polyscopoletin nanofilm to generate in one step MIP arrays. A single chip screening of essential synthesis parameters, including the surface density of the template peptide and its sequence led to MIPs with dissociation constants (K D) in the lower nanomolar range for RBD, which exceeds the affinity of RBD for its natural target, angiotensin-convertase 2 enzyme. Remarkably, the same MIPs bound SARS-CoV-2 virus like particles with even higher affinity along with excellent discrimination of influenza A (H3N2) virus. While MIPs prepared with a truncated heptapeptide template GFNCYFP showed only a slightly decreased affinity for RBD, a single mismatch in the amino acid sequence of the template, i.e. the substitution of the central cysteine with a serine, fully suppressed the RBD binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Bognár
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Eszter Supala
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam OT Golm Germany
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam OT Golm Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam OT Golm Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam OT Golm Germany
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Protein-assisted biomimetic synthesis of nanoscale gadolinium-integrated polypyrrole for synergetic and ultrasensitive electrochemical assays of nicardipine in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1199:339567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
176
|
Kadadou D, Tizani L, Wadi VS, Banat F, Alsafar H, Yousef AF, Barceló D, Hasan SW. Recent advances in the biosensors application for the detection of bacteria and viruses in wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 10:107070. [PMID: 34976725 PMCID: PMC8701687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of disease-causing pathogens in wastewater can provide an excellent diagnostic tool for infectious diseases. Biosensors are far superior to conventional methods used for regular infection screening and surveillance testing. They are rapid, sensitive, inexpensive portable and carry no risk of exposure in their detection schemes. In this context, this review summarizes the most recently developed biosensors for the detection of bacteria and viruses in wastewater. The review also provides information on the new detection methods aimed at screening for SARS-CoV-2, which has now caused more than 4 million deaths. In addition, the review highlights the potential behind on-line and real-time detection of pathogens in wastewater pipelines. Most of the biosensors reported were not targeted to wastewater samples due to the complexity of the matrix. However, this review highlights on the performance factors of recently developed biosensors and discusses the importance of nanotechnology in amplifying the output signals, which in turn increases the accuracy and reliability of biosensors. Current research on the applicability of biosensors in wastewater promises a dramatic change to the conventional approach in the field of medical screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kadadou
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Tizani
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay S Wadi
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-research center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F Yousef
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer de Jordi Girona 1826, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Peng R, Pan Y, Li Z, Qin Z, Rini JM, Liu X. SPEEDS: A portable serological testing platform for rapid electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113762. [PMID: 34773750 PMCID: PMC8558107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide health crisis. Rapid diagnosis, new therapeutics and effective vaccines will all be required to stop the spread of COVID-19. Quantitative evaluation of serum antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 virus provides a means of monitoring a patient's immune response to a natural viral infection or vaccination, as well as evidence of a prior infection. In this paper, a portable and low-cost electrochemical immunosensor is developed for the rapid and accurate quantification of SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies. The immunosensor is capable of quantifying the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human serum. For IgG and IgM, it provides measurements in the range of 10.1 ng/mL - 60 μg/mL and 1.64 ng/mL - 50 μg/mL, respectively, both with an assay time of 13 min. We also developed device stabilization and storage strategies to achieve stable performance of the immunosensor over 24-week storage at room temperature. We evaluated the performance of the immunosensor using COVID-19 patient serum samples collected at different time points after symptom onset. The rapid and sensitive detection of IgG and IgM provided by our immunosensor fulfills the need of rapid COVID-19 serological testing for both point-of-care diagnosis and population immunity screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yueyue Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 361 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - James M Rini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 361 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 361 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Li N, Zhao B, Stavins R, Peinetti AS, Chauhan N, Bashir R, Cunningham BT, King WP, Lu Y, Wang X, Valera E. Overcoming the limitations of COVID-19 diagnostics with nanostructures, nucleic acid engineering, and additive manufacturing. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 26:100966. [PMID: 34840515 PMCID: PMC8604633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2021.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed fundamental limitations in the current model for infectious disease diagnosis and serology, based upon complex assay workflows, laboratory-based instrumentation, and expensive materials for managing samples and reagents. The lengthy time delays required to obtain test results, the high cost of gold-standard PCR tests, and poor sensitivity of rapid point-of-care tests contributed directly to society's inability to efficiently identify COVID-19-positive individuals for quarantine, which in turn continues to impact return to normal activities throughout the economy. Over the past year, enormous resources have been invested to develop more effective rapid tests and laboratory tests with greater throughput, yet the vast majority of engineering and chemistry approaches are merely incremental improvements to existing methods for nucleic acid amplification, lateral flow test strips, and enzymatic amplification assays for protein-based biomarkers. Meanwhile, widespread commercial availability of new test kits continues to be hampered by the cost and time required to develop single-use disposable microfluidic plastic cartridges manufactured by injection molding. Through development of novel technologies for sensitive, selective, rapid, and robust viral detection and more efficient approaches for scalable manufacturing of microfluidic devices, we can be much better prepared for future management of infectious pathogen outbreaks. Here, we describe how photonic metamaterials, graphene nanomaterials, designer DNA nanostructures, and polymers amenable to scalable additive manufacturing are being applied towards overcoming the fundamental limitations of currently dominant COVID-19 diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we review how several distinct classes of nanomaterials and nanochemistry enable simple assay workflows, high sensitivity, inexpensive instrumentation, point-of-care sample-to-answer virus diagnosis, and rapidly scaled manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nantao Li
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Robert Stavins
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Ana Sol Peinetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Neha Chauhan
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - William P King
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Enrique Valera
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Portable electrochemical sensing methodologies for on-site detection of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
180
|
Mallakpour S, Behranvand V, Hussain CM. Worldwide fight against COVID-19 using nanotechnology, polymer science, and 3D printing technology. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022; 80:165-183. [PMID: 35106016 PMCID: PMC8794596 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the lethal illnesses that humanity has ever seen is COVID-19 irrefutably. The speed of virus spread is high and happens through polluted surfaces, respiratory droplets, and bodily fluids. It was found that without an efficient vaccine or specific treatment using personal protective equipment, preventing contamination of hands, and social distancing are the best ways to stay safe during the present pandemic. In this line, polymers, nanotechnology, and additive manufacturing, or 3D printing technology have been considered to probe, sense, and treat COVID-19. All aforementioned fields showed undeniable roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, which their contributions have been reviewed here. Finally, the effect of COVID-19 on the environment, alongside its positive and negative effects has been mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Vajiheh Behranvand
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
The Evolution of Molecular Recognition: From Antibodies to Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) as Artificial Counterpart. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010012. [PMID: 35225975 PMCID: PMC8883926 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition is a useful property shared by various molecules, such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). It allows these molecules to be potentially involved in many applications including biological and pharmaceutical research, diagnostics, theranostics, therapy and drug delivery. Antibodies, naturally produced by plasma cells, have been exploited for this purpose, but they present noticeable drawbacks, above all production cost and time. Therefore, several research studies for similar applications have been carried out about MIPs and the main studies are reported in this review. MIPs, indeed, are more versatile and cost-effective than conventional antibodies, but the lack of toxicity studies and their scarce use for practical applications, make it that further investigations on this kind of molecules need to be conducted.
Collapse
|
182
|
Molecularly imprinted polypyrrole based sensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Electrochim Acta 2022; 403:139581. [PMID: 34898691 PMCID: PMC8643074 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the application of a polypyrrole-based sensor for the determination of SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein. The SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein is a spike protein of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that recently caused the worldwide spread of COVID-19 disease. This study is dedicated to the development of an electrochemical determination method based on the application of molecularly imprinted polymer technology. The electrochemical sensor was designed by molecular imprinting of polypyrrole (Ppy) with SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein (MIP-Ppy). The electrochemical sensors with MIP-Ppy and with polypyrrole without imprints (NIP-Ppy) layers were electrochemically deposited on a platinum electrode surface by a sequence of potential pulses. The performance of polymer layers was evaluated by pulsed amperometric detection. According to the obtained results, a sensor based on MIP-Ppy is more sensitive to the SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein than a sensor based on NIP-Ppy. Also, the results demonstrate that the MIP-Ppy layer is more selectively interacting with SARS-CoV-2-S glycoprotein than with bovine serum albumin. This proves that molecularly imprinted MIP-Ppy-based sensors can be applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins.
Collapse
|
183
|
Singh KRB, Rathee S, Nagpure G, Singh J, Singh RP. Smart and emerging nanomaterials-based biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection. MATERIALS LETTERS 2022; 307:131092. [PMID: 34690389 PMCID: PMC8519812 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a primary cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, various detection approaches are already present, and many other techniques are also being developed for the rapid and real-time detection of COVID-19 infection in the wake of this pandemic. Hence, this featured review will provide an overview of COVID-19, its biomarkers, current diagnostic techniques, and emerging smart nanomaterials-based biosensing approaches; apart from this, it will also extend some light on future perspectives of biosensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij R B Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. P.G. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh (491001), India
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana (131028), India
| | - Gunjan Nagpure
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh (484886), India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (221005), India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh (484886), India
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Medina DM, Acedo P. An ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of SARS-CoV-2-RBD by using macroporous gold screen-printed electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113729. [PMID: 34736101 PMCID: PMC8547854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the determination of the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2-RBD) has been developed. For this purpose, first, a macroporous gold screen-printed electrode (MP-Au-SPE) has been fabricated. The MIP was then synthesized on the surface of the MP-Au-SPE through the electro-polymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules as matrix polymer, and template molecules, respectively. During the fabrication process, the SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules were embedded in the polymer matrix. Subsequently, the template molecules were removed from the electrode by using alkaline ethanol. The template molecules removal was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR). The fabricated MIP film acted as an artificial recognition element for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The EIS technique was used for the measurement of the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the saliva solution. The electron transfer resistance (Ret) of the MIP-based sensor in a ferri/ferrocyanide solution increased as the SARS-CoV-2-RBD concentration increased due to the occupation of the imprinted cavities by the SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The MIP-based sensor exhibited a good response to the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the concentration range between 2.0 and 40.0 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.7 pg mL-1. The obtained results showed that the fabricated MIP sensor has high selectivity sensitivity, and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pablo Acedo
- Electronic Technology Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Zidarič T, Finšgar M, Maver U, Maver T. Artificial Biomimetic Electrochemical Assemblies. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:44. [PMID: 35049673 PMCID: PMC8773559 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, selective, and cost-effective detection and determination of clinically relevant biomolecule analytes for a better understanding of biological and physiological functions are becoming increasingly prominent. In this regard, biosensors represent a powerful tool to meet these requirements. Recent decades have seen biosensors gaining popularity due to their ability to design sensor platforms that are selective to determine target analytes. Naturally generated receptor units have a high affinity for their targets, which provides the selectivity of a device. However, such receptors are subject to instability under harsh environmental conditions and have consequently low durability. By applying principles of supramolecular chemistry, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can successfully replace natural receptors to circumvent these shortcomings. This review summarizes the recent achievements and analytical applications of electrosynthesized MIPs, in particular, for the detection of protein-based biomarkers. The scope of this review also includes the background behind electrochemical readouts and the origin of the gate effect in MIP-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Drobysh M, Ramanaviciene A, Viter R, Chen CF, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Ratautaite V, Ramanavicius A. Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:666. [PMID: 35054850 PMCID: PMC8776074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring and tracking infection is required in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, the development and deployment of quick, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic methods are necessary. The determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed by biosensing devices, which vary according to detection methods and the biomarkers which are inducing/providing an analytical signal. RNA hybridisation, antigen-antibody affinity interaction, and a variety of other biological reactions are commonly used to generate analytical signals that can be precisely detected using electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, optical, and other methodologies and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors, in particular, correspond to the current trend of bioanalytical process acceleration and simplification. Immunosensors are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction, which on some occasions can be determined in a label-free mode with sufficient sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (U.S.-B.); (V.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Roman Viter
- Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment, Sumy State University, Sanatornaya Str. 31, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (U.S.-B.); (V.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (U.S.-B.); (V.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (U.S.-B.); (V.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Liv L, Yener M, Çoban G, Can ŞA. Electrochemical biosensing platform based on hydrogen bonding for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1313-1322. [PMID: 34741650 PMCID: PMC8571674 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the deadliest pandemics in history, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc on human lives, economies and public health systems worldwide. To temper its effects, diagnostic methods that are simple, rapid, inexpensive, accurate, selective and sensitive continue to be necessary. In our study, we developed an electrochemical biosensing platform based on gold clusters, mercaptoethanol, the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen and bovine serum albumin-modified glassy carbon electrode able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. Moreover, during the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody in spiked-real samples, the anodic signal of the produced biosensor at 0.85 V decreased as the amount of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody increased. Meanwhile, the recovery and relative standard deviation values for saliva and oropharyngeal swab samples were 97.73% and 3.35% and 102.43% and 4.63%, respectively. In 35 min, the biosensing platform could detect 0.03 fg/mL of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody in synthetic media and spiked-saliva or -oropharyngeal swab samples. The method thus issues a linear response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody from 0.1 fg/mL to 10 pg/mL. The cross-reactivity studies with spike antigens of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and influenza A and the antigen of pneumonia confirmed the excellent selectivity of the proposed method. The developed method was compared with the lateral flow immunoassay method in terms of sensitivity and it was found to be approximately 109 times more sensitive. Biosensing mechanism of the platform to the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Liv
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Melisa Yener
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gizem Çoban
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şevval Arzu Can
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Abstract
Coronaviruses are well known airborne viruses that infect humans, other mammals, and birds. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the last emerging type of corona viruses; SARS-CoV-2 which resulted in the ongoing pandemic. Since its first identification, SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally causing significant morbidity and mortality. Fast and reliable diagnostic methods are crucial to control the virus outbreak. In this chapter, we summarize the traditional methods used to detect corona viruses. Various biosensors used for the detection of the virus antibodies and antigens were briefly discussed. Different biosensing approaches for the detection of corona viruses were presented with special emphasis on the reported biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Major advancements in the biosensors area for corona viruses such as the use of cotton, magnetic nanoparticles, graphene, gold nanoparticles, and portable devices are highlighted. The challenges and future perspectives in the biosensors for the detection of corona viruses are discussed.
Collapse
|
189
|
SINGHAL AYUSHI, Yadav S, Sadique MA, Khan R, Kaushik A, Sathish N, Srivastava AK. MXene-modified molecularly imprinted polymer as an artificial bio-recognition platform for efficient electrochemical sensing: progress and perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19164-19176. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient electrochemical sensors of exceptional features, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been extensively utilized due to their great vitality as an alternative to bio-recognition elements. MIPs as...
Collapse
|
190
|
Chen Y, Huang S, Zhou L, Wang X, Yang H, Li W. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging detection technologies and auxiliary analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24152. [PMID: 34894011 PMCID: PMC8761422 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a new challenge for public health. Prevention and control of infection have become urgent and serious issues. To meet the clinical demand for higher accuracy of COVID-19 detection, the development of fast and efficient methods represents an important step. The most common methods of COVID-19 diagnosis, relying on real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR), computed tomography, and new-generation sequencing technologies, have a series of advantages, especially for early diagnosis and screening. In addition, joint efforts of researchers all over the world have led to the development of other rapid detection methods with high sensitivity, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, or allowing multiplex analysis based on technologies such as dPCR, ELISA, fluorescence immunochromatography assay, and the microfluidic detection chip method. The main goal of this review was to provide a critical discussion on the development and application of these different analytical methods, which based on etiology, serology, and molecular biology, as well as to compare their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition to these methods, hematology and biochemistry, as well as auxiliary analysis based on pathological anatomy, ultrasonography, and cytokine detection, will help understand COVID-19 pathogenesis. Together, these technologies may promote and open new windows to unravel issues surrounding symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 infections and improve clinical strategies toward reducing mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiong Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Liuyan Zhou
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Centralized and Point of Care Solutions & Molecular Diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Agarwal DK, Nandwana V, Henrich SE, Josyula VPVN, Thaxton CS, Qi C, Simons LM, Hultquist JF, Ozer EA, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Highly sensitive and ultra-rapid antigen-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 using nanomechanical sensor platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113647. [PMID: 34583103 PMCID: PMC8445766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 including recent emergence of new variants with its extreme range of pathologies create an urgent need to develop a versatile sensor for a rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report a microcantilever-based optical detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic proteins in just few minutes with high specificity by employing fluidic-atomic force microscopy (f-AFM) mediated nanomechanical deflection method. The corresponding antibodies against the target antigens were first grafted on the gold-coated microcantilever surface pre-functionalized with EDC-NHS chemistry for a suitable antibody-antigen interaction. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S1) receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins was first demonstrated at a clinically relevant concentration down to 1 ng/mL (33 pM) by real-time monitoring of nanomechanical signal induced by antibody-antigen interaction. More importantly, we further show high specific detection of antigens with nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients pre-determined with qRT-PCR. The results take less than 5 min (swab to signal ≤5 min) and exhibit high selectivity and analytical sensitivity (LoD: 100 copies/ ml; 0.71 ng/ml of N protein). These findings demonstrate potential for nanomechanical signal transduction towards rapid antigen detection for early screening of SARS-CoV-2 and its related mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vikas Nandwana
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephen E Henrich
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Singhal A, Parihar A, Kumar N, Khan R. High throughput molecularly imprinted polymers based electrochemical nanosensors for point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. MATERIALS LETTERS 2022; 306:130898. [PMID: 34566219 PMCID: PMC8450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of early diagnosis of infectious disease has been revealed well by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current methods for testing SARS-CoV-2 mainly utilize biorecognition elements. The process of production of these biorecognition elements is not only tedious, time-consuming but also costly. The molecularly imprinted polymers recently have gained considerable attention as they are stable and also offer high selectivity and specificity than conventional labels. The present review discussed the MIPs-based electrochemical nano-sensors diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singhal
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462026, MP, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. Label-free and reagent-less electrochemical detection of nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2: an ultrasensitive and disposable biosensor. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 biosensor fabrication steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Mustafa YL, Keirouz A, Leese HS. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Diagnostics: Accessing Analytes in Biofluids. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7418-7449. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bio-applied molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetic materials with tailor-made synthetic recognition sites, mimicking biological counterparts known for their sensitive and selective analyte detection. MIPs, specifically designed for biomarker analysis...
Collapse
|
195
|
Liu Y, Johnson BN. Electrochemical biosensors for detection of SARS-CoV-2. SENSING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9334985 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90280-9.00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen detection is an essential application of electrochemical biosensors. Through the integration of selective biorecognition elements with sensitive transducers, electrochemical biosensors have enabled the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of viruses. While various studies have achieved impressive detection limits, in some cases a single virus or tens to hundreds of viral RNA molecules, the developed approaches for electrochemical detection of virus particles significantly vary in regard to device and measurement approach, such as the electrode, biorecognition element, electrochemical method utilized for transduction of target binding, and measurement format (e.g., sample collection, preparation, and handling protocols). Thus, the reagents, materials, and measurement approach must be carefully considered to accurately assess the utility and time-to-results (TTR) for a given electrochemical biosensor-based assay for pathogen detection in a pandemic setting.
Collapse
|
196
|
Saha P, Moitra P, Bhattacharjee U, Bhattacharya S. Selective pathological and intracellular detection of human serum albumin by photophysical and electrochemical techniques using a FRET-based molecular probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
197
|
Forinová M, Pilipenco A, Víšová I, Lynn NS, Dostálek J, Mašková H, Hönig V, Palus M, Selinger M, Kočová P, Dyčka F, Štěrba J, Houska M, Vrabcová M, Horák P, Anthi J, Tung CP, Yu CM, Chen CY, Huang YC, Tsai PH, Lin SY, Hsu HJ, Yang AS, Dejneka A, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H. Functionalized Terpolymer-Brush-Based Biointerface with Improved Antifouling Properties for Ultra-Sensitive Direct Detection of Virus in Crude Clinical Samples. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60612-60624. [PMID: 34902239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New analytical techniques that overcome major drawbacks of current routinely used viral infection diagnosis methods, i.e., the long analysis time and laboriousness of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the insufficient sensitivity of "antigen tests", are urgently needed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and other highly contagious viruses. Here, we report on an antifouling terpolymer-brush biointerface that enables the rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated clinical samples. The developed biointerface carries a tailored composition of zwitterionic and non-ionic moieties and allows for the significant improvement of antifouling capabilities when postmodified with biorecognition elements and exposed to complex media. When deployed on a surface of piezoelectric sensor and postmodified with human-cell-expressed antibodies specific to the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2, it made possible the quantitative analysis of untreated samples by a direct detection assay format without the need of additional amplification steps. Natively occurring N-protein-vRNA complexes, usually disrupted during the sample pre-treatment steps, were detected in the untreated clinical samples. This biosensor design improved the bioassay sensitivity to a clinically relevant limit of detection of 1.3 × 104 PFU/mL within a detection time of only 20 min. The high specificity toward N-protein-vRNA complexes was validated both by mass spectrometry and qRT-PCR. The performance characteristics were confirmed by qRT-PCR through a comparative study using a set of clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. We further demonstrate the extraordinary fouling resistance of this biointerface through exposure to other commonly used crude biological samples (including blood plasma, oropharyngeal, stool, and nasopharyngeal swabs), measured via both the surface plasmon resonance and piezoelectric measurements, which highlights the potential to serve as a generic platform for a wide range of biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michala Forinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Pilipenco
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Víšová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Scott Lynn
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Dostálek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Hana Mašková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hönig
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Selinger
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Kočová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dyčka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štěrba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Houska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Vrabcová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horák
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judita Anthi
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec.2, Nankang Dist., Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
198
|
Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248338. [PMID: 34960432 PMCID: PMC8706183 DOI: 10.3390/s21248338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which can be used with simple operations. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and allylamine carboxypropionate-3-ferrocene (ACPF) were copolymerized in the presence of VCM and grafted from the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) to obtain MIP-coated electrodes. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements in a buffer solution containing VCM or whole bovine blood. The obtained current depends on the VCM concentration with high linearity. The dynamic range covered the therapeutic range (20–40 μg/mL) of the VCM but was almost insensitive to teicoplanin, which has a similar structure to VCM. The ITO electrodes grafted by the same procedure except for omitting either VCM or APCF were not sensitive to VCM. The sensitivity of the MIP electrodes to VCM in whole blood and buffered saline, but the background current in blood was higher than that in saline. This high background current was also seen in the deproteinized plasma. Thus, the current is probably originated from the oxidation of low molecular weight reducing agents in the blood. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode using ACPF as a functional monomer would be a promising highly selective sensor for real-time monitoring of VCM with proper correction of the background current.
Collapse
|
199
|
Wang M, Zhou J, Zhang G, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Pyrrolidinyl ligand motif-assisted bovine serum albumin molecularly imprinted polymers with high specificity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:102-113. [PMID: 34894545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ideal binding ligands for anchoring proteins are essential for the design and assembly of desirable molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). In this study, bovine serum albumin-MIPs (BSA-MIPs) were successfully prepared by orchestrating the involvement of orientation-controllable binding ligands via sequential thiol-ene click and thiol-ene-amine conjugation. We showed that the optimal thiol-ene-amine conjugates and binding ligands were decisive in determining the rebinding capacity and selectivity. The pyrrolidinyl MIPs exhibited the best adsorption capacity of 352 ± 22 mg/g and a superior imprinting factor of 4.72 among MIPs with various binding ligands. These favourable results were further studied by computational simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Molecular docking revealed the preferential binding free energy and H-bonds between BSA residues and the thiol-ene-amine conjugates. Meanwhile, the pyrrolidinyl ligand motif enabled entropy-favourable affinity to be achieved via hydrophobic effects with the BSA template by ITC thermodynamics. Because of these favourable bindings, the MIPs exhibited excellent adsorption specificity to BSA over competing proteins. The proof-of-concept of MIPs with orientation-controllable conjugates and proven binding ligands for target proteins demonstrates that this material is promising for use with a real biological sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Zhang T, Sun L, Zhang Y. Highly sensitive electrochemical determination of the SARS-COV-2 antigen based on a gold/graphene imprinted poly-arginine sensor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5772-5776. [PMID: 34821885 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic starting at 2020 induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) has revealed a very pressing need for rapid, affordable and effective diagnosis for epidemic management and control. Although several commercialized analytical methods (e.g., reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) have been developed for detecting SARS-CoV-2, they are expensive and time-consuming. Most recently, low-cost molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensors have received attention. In this study, by introducing gold/graphene (Au/Gr) nanohybrids to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and using arginine as the functional monomer, a simple and highly sensitive MIP sensor was proposed to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (ncovNP). By optimizing various influencing factors, the proposed MIP sensor shows wide linear range and low detection limit for ncovNP owing to excellent electrical property and large surface of Au/Gr and specific recognition ability of MIP, revealing important potential application for the effective early diagnosis of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Presbyatrics, The 900th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|