151
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Zhao Y, De Los Santos FG, Wu Z, Liu T, Phan SH. An ST2-dependent role of bone marrow-derived group 2 innate lymphoid cells in pulmonary fibrosis. J Pathol 2018; 245:399-409. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | | | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Tianju Liu
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Sem H Phan
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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152
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Dahlgren MW, Molofsky AB. All along the watchtower: group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 54:13-19. [PMID: 29860003 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a subset of innate lymphocytes that responds to local, tissue-derived signals and initiates allergic immune responses. ILC2 activation promotes the recruitment of eosinophils, polarization of alternatively activated macrophages, and tissue-remodeling, processes associated with the 'weep and sweep' response to helminthic worm colonization and infection. ILC2s also coordinate both physiologic and pathologic type 2 allergic immune responses, including promoting normal tissue development and remodeling and driving allergic pathology such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma. In this review we summarize recent advances in ILC2 biology, particularly focusing on how local cells and signals coordinately regulate ILC2s, how this may influence physiologic processes, and how ILC2 cooperate with adaptive T helper type 2 cells to drive pathologic allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, United States.
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153
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Ohta K, Nagase H, Suzukawa M, Ohta S. Antibody therapy for the management of severe asthma with eosinophilic inflammation. Int Immunol 2018; 29:337-343. [PMID: 28910970 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of asthma is chronic airway inflammation typically with eosinophil infiltration. Most asthmatics can be treated successfully with conventional treatment appropriate for their severity, but in some severe cases, asthma cannot be well controlled even with thorough treatment and this condition is known as 'refractory asthma'. To overcome severe refractory asthma, a new therapeutic strategy with biologics has been developed based on the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of airway inflammation in asthma, induced by the condition of high Th2-type responses and activation of eosinophils as well as allergic reactions. Humanized anti-human IgE antibody (anti-IgE; omalizumab) was the first biological preparation approved for treating asthma. Based on clinical evidence, treatment with anti-IgE (anti-IgE therapy) has been accepted as a new therapeutic approach for severe allergic asthma in adults since 2009 and in children since 2012 and has been shown to have ~60% efficacy. More recently, a humanized anti-IL-5 antibody (anti-IL-5; mepolizumab) was launched in June 2016 and has attracted great interest due to its potential effects. Several clinical studies are also ongoing to evaluate the biological preparations targeting IL-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα), IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), which is shared by IL-4 and IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33. The new strategy with biologics targeting eosinophilic airway inflammation might open a new array for us to overcome severe refractory asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ohta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8686, Japan
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8686, Japan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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154
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Yamaguchi M, Samuchiwal SK, Quehenberger O, Boyce JA, Balestrieri B. Macrophages regulate lung ILC2 activation via Pla2g5-dependent mechanisms. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:615-626. [PMID: 29346348 PMCID: PMC5976507 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group V phospholipase A2 (Pla2g5) is a lipid-generating enzyme necessary for macrophage effector functions in pulmonary inflammation. However, the lipid mediators involved and their cellular targets have not been identified. Mice lacking Pla2g5 showed markedly reduced lung ILC2 activation and eosinophilia following repetitive Alternaria Alternata inhalation. While Pla2g5-null mice had Wt levels of immediate IL-33 release after one Alternaria dose, they failed to upregulate IL-33 in macrophages following repeated Alternaria administration. Unexpectedly, while adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived (BM)-macrophages restored ILC2 activation and eosinophilia in Alternaria-exposed Pla2g5-null mice, exogenous IL-33 did not. Conversely, transfers of Pla2g5-null BM-macrophages reduced inflammation in Alternaria-exposed Wt mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs) demonstrated significantly reduced FFAs (including linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA)) in lung and BM-macrophages lacking Pla2g5. Exogenous administration of LA or LA+OA to Wt mice sharply potentiated IL-33-induced lung eosinophilia and ILC2 expansion in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, OA potentiated IL-33-induced inflammation and ILC2 expansion in Pla2g5-null mice, but LA was inactive both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, Pla2g5-null ILC2s showed significantly reduced expression of the FFA-receptor-1 compared to Wt ILC2s. Thus, macrophage-associated Pla2g5 contributes significantly to type-2 immunity through regulation of IL-33 induction and FFA-driven ILC2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sachin K. Samuchiwal
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Balestrieri
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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155
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Mindt BC, Fritz JH, Duerr CU. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Pulmonary Immunity and Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:840. [PMID: 29760695 PMCID: PMC5937028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) represent an evolutionary rather old but only recently identified member of the family of innate lymphoid cells and have received much attention since their detailed description in 2010. They can orchestrate innate as well as adaptive immune responses as they interact with and influence several immune and non-immune cell populations. Moreover, ILC2 are able to rapidly secrete large amounts of type 2 cytokines that can contribute to protective but also detrimental host immune responses depending on timing, location, and physiological context. Interestingly, ILC2, despite their scarcity, are the dominant innate lymphoid cell population in the lung, indicating a key role as first responders and amplifiers upon immune challenge at this site. In addition, the recently described tissue residency of ILC2 further underlines the importance of their respective microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of lung physiology including a description of the most prominent pulmonary resident cells together with a review of known and potential ILC2 interactions within this unique environment. We will further outline recent observations regarding pulmonary ILC2 during immune challenge including respiratory infections and discuss different models and approaches to study ILC2 biology in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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156
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Liu Y, Yao Y, Wang ZC, Ning Q, Liu Z. Novel innate and adaptive lymphocytes: The new players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory upper airway diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2018. [PMID: 29513401 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Z.-C. Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Q. Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease; Institute of Infectious Disease; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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157
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Dickinson JD, Sweeter JM, Warren KJ, Ahmad IM, De Deken X, Zimmerman MC, Brody SL. Autophagy regulates DUOX1 localization and superoxide production in airway epithelial cells during chronic IL-13 stimulation. Redox Biol 2018; 14:272-284. [PMID: 28982074 PMCID: PMC5635347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a broad interface with the environment, mandating well-orchestrated responses to properly modulate inflammation. Classically, autophagy is a homeostatic pathway triggered in response to external cellular stresses, and is elevated in chronic airway diseases. Recent findings highlight the additional role of autophagy in vesicle trafficking and protein secretion, implicating autophagy pathways in complex cellular responses in disease. Th2 cytokines, IL-13 and IL-4, are increased in asthma and other airway diseases contributing to chronic inflammation. Previously, we observed that IL-13 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Using a mouse model of Th2-mediated inflammation induced by OVA-allergen, we observed elevated lung amounts of IL-13 and IL-4 accompanied by increased autophagosome levels, determined by LC3BII protein levels and immunostaining. ROS levels were elevated and DUOX1 expression was increased 70-fold in OVA-challenged lungs. To address the role of autophagy and ROS in the airway epithelium, we treated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells with IL-13 or IL-4. Prolonged, 7-day treatment increased autophagosome formation and degradation, while brief activation had no effect. Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Prolonged IL-13 activation increased DUOX1, localized at the apical membrane. Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Notably, depletion of autophagy regulatory protein ATG5 significantly reduced superoxide without diminishing total DUOX1 levels. Depletion of ATG5, however, diminished DUOX1 localization at the apical membrane. The findings suggest non-canonical autophagy activity regulates DUOX1-dependent localization required for intracellular superoxide production during Th2 inflammation. Thus, in chronic Th2 inflammatory airway disease, autophagy proteins may be responsible for persistent intracellular superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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158
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Schuijs MJ, Halim TYF. Group 2 innate lymphocytes at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1417:87-103. [PMID: 29492980 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are innate immune cells that respond rapidly to their environment through soluble inflammatory mediators and cell-to-cell interactions. As tissue-resident sentinels, ILC2 help orchestrate localized type 2 immune responses. These ILC2-driven type 2 responses are now recognized in diverse immune processes, different anatomical locations, and homeostatic or pathological settings. ILC2-derived cytokines and cell surface signaling molecules function as key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Conversely, ILC2 are governed by their environment. As such, ILC2 form an important nexus of the immune system and may present an attractive target for immune modulation in disease.
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159
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Ealey KN, Moro K, Koyasu S. Are ILC2s Jekyll and Hyde in airway inflammation? Immunol Rev 2018; 278:207-218. [PMID: 28658554 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease of the airways characterized by lung inflammation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), mucus overproduction, and remodeling of the airways. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of type 2 inflammatory programs in allergic asthma models, independent of adaptive immunity. In response to allergen, helminths or viral infection, damaged airway epithelial cells secrete IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which activate ILC2s to produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9. Furthermore, ILC2s coordinate a network of cellular responses and interact with numerous cell types to propagate the inflammatory response and repair lung damage. ILC2s display functional plasticity in distinct asthma phenotypes, enabling them to respond to very different immune microenvironments. Thus, in the context of non-allergic asthma, triggered by exposure to environmental factors, ILC2s transdifferentiate to ILC1-like cells and activate type 1 inflammatory programs in the lung. In this review, we summarize accumulating evidence on the heterogeneity, plasticity, regulatory mechanisms, and pleiotropic roles of ILC2s in allergic inflammation as well as mechanisms for their suppression in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi N Ealey
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Minato, Japan
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160
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Han H, Roan F, Ziegler SF. The atopic march: current insights into skin barrier dysfunction and epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:116-130. [PMID: 28658558 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis often precedes the development of other atopic diseases. The atopic march describes this temporal relationship in the natural history of atopic diseases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this relationship are poorly understood, epidemiological and genetic data have suggested that the skin might be an important route of sensitization to allergens. Animal models have begun to elucidate how skin barrier defects can lead to systemic allergen sensitization. Emerging data now suggest that epithelial cell-derived cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 may drive the progression from atopic dermatitis to asthma and food allergy. This review focuses on current concepts of the role of skin barrier defects and epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation and the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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161
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Drake LY, Kita H. IL-33: biological properties, functions, and roles in airway disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:173-184. [PMID: 28658560 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essential axis for rapid immune responses and tissue homeostasis. In adaptive immunity, IL-33 interacts with dendritic cells, Th2 cells, follicular T cells, and regulatory T cells, where IL-33 influences the development of chronic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. The clinical findings that both the IL-33 and ILC2 levels are elevated in patients with allergic airway diseases suggest that IL-33 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-33 and ILC2 may also serve as biomarkers for disease classification and to monitor the progression of diseases. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the biology of IL-33 and discussed the roles of the IL-33 in regulating airway immune responses and allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin Drake
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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162
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Abstract
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family mostly produced by epithelial cells and innate immune cells. After binding to the IL-17RB/IL-17RA complex, IL-25 induces downstream signaling responses in epithelial cells and type 2 lymphocytes, which initiates, propagates, and sustains type 2 immunity. The function of IL-25 in allergic diseases such as asthma has been well established, and now also is extended to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review summarizes the literature on IL-25 and discusses the unsolved questions. Our knowledge on IL-25 will pave the pathway for targeting this cytokine in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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163
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Zhang J, Chen J, Mangat SC, Perera Baruhupolage C, Garrod DR, Robinson C. Pathways of airway oxidant formation by house dust mite allergens and viral RNA converge through myosin motors, pannexons and Toll-like receptor 4. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018. [PMID: 29542272 PMCID: PMC5946151 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) are generated in human airway epithelial cells by the prothrombinase action of Group 1 house dust mite (HDM) allergens and by ligation of viral RNA sensor Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). We explored signaling convergence between HDM allergens and TLRs in ROS generation because epithelial cells form the primary barrier against inhaled substances and dictate host responses to allergens and viruses. Methods ROS formation by Calu‐3 human airway cells was studied by measuring dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation after activation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (to activate TLR3), CL097 (to activate TLR7), a natural mixture of HDM allergens, or BzATP. Results TLR4 activation was identified as an indispensable response element for all stimuli, operating downstream from myosin motor activation, pannexon gating for ATP release and the endogenous activation of prothrombin. Exogenous prothrombin activation by HDM allergens was prevented by SGUL 1733, a novel inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Group 1 HDM allergens, which thus prevented TLR4 from being activated at source. Conclusions Our data identify for the first time that endogenously‐generated prothrombin and TLR4 form a shared effector mechanism essential to intracellular ROS generation activated by a group 1 HDM allergen (itself a prothrombinase) or by ligation of viral RNA‐sensing TLRs. These stimuli operate a confluent signaling pathway in which myosin motors, gating of pannexons, and ADAM 10 lead to prothrombin‐dependent activation of TLR4 with a recycling activation of pannexons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhang
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Shannon C Mangat
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - David R Garrod
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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164
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Kadel S, Ainsua-Enrich E, Hatipoglu I, Turner S, Singh S, Khan S, Kovats S. A Major Population of Functional KLRG1 - ILC2s in Female Lungs Contributes to a Sex Bias in ILC2 Numbers. Immunohorizons 2018; 2:74-86. [PMID: 29568816 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans show significant sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory diseases, including asthma and virus infection. Sex hormones contribute to the female sex bias in type 2 inflammation associated with respiratory diseases, consistent with recent reports that female lungs harbor greater numbers of GATA-3-dependent group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). In this study, we determined whether sex hormone levels govern sex differences in the numbers, phenotype, and function of ILC2s in the murine lung and bone marrow (BM). Our data show that lungs of female mice harbor significantly greater ILC2 numbers in homeostasis, in part due to a major subset of ILC2s lacking killer-cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a population largely absent in male lungs. The KLRG1- ILC2s were capable of type 2 cytokine production and increased with age after sexual maturity, suggesting that a unique functional subset exists in females. Experiments with gonadectomized mice or mice bearing either global or lymphocyte restricted estrogen receptor α (Esr1) deficiency showed that androgens rather than estrogens regulated numbers of the KLRG1- ILC2 subset and ILC2 functional capacity in the lung and BM, as well as levels of GATA-3 expression in BM ILC2s. Furthermore, the frequency of BM PLZF+ ILC precursors was higher in males and increased by excess androgens, suggesting that androgens act to inhibit the transition of ILC precursors to ILC2s. Taken together, these data show that a functional subset of KLRG1- ILC2s in females contributes to the sex bias in lung ILC2s that is observed after reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Kadel
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Ibrahim Hatipoglu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Sean Turner
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Simar Singh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Sohaib Khan
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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165
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Li Q, Li D, Zhang X, Wan Q, Zhang W, Zheng M, Zou L, Elly C, Lee JH, Liu YC. E3 Ligase VHL Promotes Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Maturation and Function via Glycolysis Inhibition and Induction of Interleukin-33 Receptor. Immunity 2018; 48:258-270.e5. [PMID: 29452935 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a specialized subset of lymphoid effector cells that are critically involved in allergic responses; however, the mechanisms of their regulation remain unclear. We report that conditional deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL in innate lymphoid progenitors minimally affected early-stage bone marrow ILC2s but caused a selective and intrinsic decrease in mature ILC2 numbers in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, resulting in reduced type 2 immune responses. VHL deficiency caused the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and attenuated interleukin-33 (IL-33) receptor ST2 expression, which was rectified by HIF1α ablation or inhibition. HIF1α-driven expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 downmodulated ST2 expression via epigenetic modification and inhibited IL-33-induced ILC2 development. Our study indicates that the VHL-HIF-glycolysis axis is essential for the late-stage maturation and function of ILC2s via targeting IL-33-ST2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Dulei Li
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qingqing Wan
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Mingke Zheng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Le Zou
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chris Elly
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jee H Lee
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China; La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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166
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Miao Q, Wang Y, Liu YG, Ren YX, Guan H, Li Z, Xu W, Xiang L. Seasonal variation in circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mugwort-allergic asthmatics during and outside pollen season. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:6. [PMID: 29449864 PMCID: PMC5806282 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a newly identified cell population with the potent capability to produce Th2-type cytokines in a non-antigen specific manner. Previous study demonstrated that enhanced circulating ILC2s in cat-allergic patient after experimental allergen challenge, whereas the effects of natural allergen exposure on peripheral ILC2s are still unclear. We therefore examined the variations in circulating ILC2s among asthmatic patients sensitized to different allergens in- and outside- pollen season. Methods 10 patients sensitized to mugwort, 10 patients sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) and 12 healthy controls were recruited into this study. Blood samples were collected from the patients in- and outside- pollens season, 2-3 months apart. ILC2s (Lin-CD127+ CRTH2+) were enumerated by flow cytometry, as well as intracellular IL-5 and IL-13 expression. The levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in supernatants of Lineage- and Lineage+ cells stimulated with IL-25 and/or IL-33 in the presence of IL-2 were measured using a Milliplex human cytokine array kit. Results An obvious seasonal increases in percentages of total and IL-13+ ILC2s were observed in patients with mugwort sensitization during natural pollen exposure, however, the percentages of peripheral ILC2s in HDM-allergic patients were not affected significantly. A positive correlation between FeNO and IL-13+ILC2s was found in patients sensitized to mugwort. A mixture of IL-33 and IL-25 induced a significant production of IL-13 and IL-5 from Lineage- cells of both mugwort-allergic and HDM-allergic asthmatics. Stimulation with IL-33 alone induced a significantly greater quantity of IL-13 by Lineage-cells from mugwort-allergic asthmatic compared with that from HDM-allergic asthmatics, whereas IL-25 induced a significantly greater amount of IL-5 by the Lineage-cells from mugwort-allergic asthmatic compared with that from HDM-allergic asthmatics. Conclusion Within pollen season the frequencies and function profiles of circulating ILC2s among asthmatic children are altered dynamically, which may be closely related to the sensitized type of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yong-Ge Liu
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yi-Xin Ren
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical School, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045 China
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167
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Castillo EF, Zheng H, Yang XO. Orchestration of epithelial-derived cytokines and innate immune cells in allergic airway inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:19-25. [PMID: 29169815 PMCID: PMC5866749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is a leading worldwide health problem, which inflames and constricts the airways, leading to breathing difficulty. Many studies have focused on the pathogenesis contributed by the adaptive immune system, including CD4+ T lymphocytes in delayed type hypersensitivity and B cell-produced IgE in anaphylaxis. More recently, a focus on the airway mucosal barrier and the innate immune system has highlighted, in coordination with T and B cells, to initiate and establish disease. This review highlights the impacts of epithelial-derived cytokines and innate immune cells on allergic airway reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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168
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von Moltke J, Pepper M. Sentinels of the Type 2 Immune Response. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:99-111. [PMID: 29122456 PMCID: PMC6181126 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses have evolved to sense and respond to large, non-replicating infections or non-microbial noxious compounds in tissues. The development of these responses therefore depends upon highly coordinated and tightly regulated tissue-residing cellular sensors and responders. Multiple exposure to type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-inducing stimuli further enhances both the diversity and potency of the response. This review discusses advances in our understanding of the interacting cellular subsets that comprise both primary and secondary type 2 responses. Current knowledge regarding type 2 immune responses in the lung are initially presented and are then contrasted with what is known about the small intestine. The studies described portray an immune response that depends upon well-organized tissue structures, and suggest their modulation as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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169
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Male-specific IL-33 expression regulates sex-dimorphic EAE susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1520-E1529. [PMID: 29378942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710401115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of sex-dimorphic autoimmune diseases, such as the CNS demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), remains unclear. Our studies in the SJL mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), reveal that sex-determined differences in Il33 expression by innate immune cells in response to myelin peptide immunization regulate EAE susceptibility. IL-33 is selectively induced in PLP139-151-immunized males and activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), cells that promote and sustain a nonpathogenic Th2 myelin-specific response. Without this attenuating IL-33 response, females generate an encephalitogenic Th17-dominant response, which can be reversed by IL-33 treatment. Mast cells are one source of IL-33 and we provide evidence that testosterone directly induces Il33 gene expression and also exerts effects on the potential for Il33 gene expression during mast cell development. Thus, in contrast to their pathogenic role in allergy, we propose a sex-specific role for both mast cells and ILC2s as attenuators of the pathogenic Th response in CNS inflammatory disease.
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170
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Hardman CS, Chen YL, Salimi M, Jarrett R, Johnson D, Järvinen VJ, Owens RJ, Repapi E, Cousins DJ, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg G. CD1a presentation of endogenous antigens by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaan5918. [PMID: 29273672 PMCID: PMC5826589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are effectors of barrier immunity, with roles in infection, wound healing, and allergy. A proportion of ILC2 express MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II) and are capable of presenting peptide antigens to T cells and amplifying the subsequent adaptive immune response. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CD1a-reactive T cells in allergy and infection, activated by the presentation of endogenous neolipid antigens and bacterial components. Using a human skin challenge model, we unexpectedly show that human skin-derived ILC2 can express CD1a and are capable of presenting endogenous antigens to T cells. CD1a expression is up-regulated by TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) at levels observed in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, and the response is dependent on PLA2G4A. Furthermore, this pathway is used to sense Staphylococcus aureus by promoting Toll-like receptor-dependent CD1a-reactive T cell responses to endogenous ligands. These findings define a previously unrecognized role for ILC2 in lipid surveillance and identify shared pathways of CD1a- and PLA2G4A-dependent ILC2 inflammation amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachael Jarrett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Valtteri J Järvinen
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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171
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Miller JE, Monsanto SP, Ahn SH, Khalaj K, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Interleukin-33 modulates inflammation in endometriosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17903. [PMID: 29263351 PMCID: PMC5738435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a debilitating condition that is categorized by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown, it is well established that endometriosis patients exhibit immune dysfunction. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a danger signal that is a critical regulator of chronic inflammation. Although plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of IL-33 have been associated with deep infiltrating endometriosis, its contribution to the disease pathophysiology is unknown. We investigated the role of IL-33 in the pathology of endometriosis using patient samples, cell lines and a syngeneic mouse model. We found that endometriotic lesions produce significantly higher levels of IL-33 compared to the endometrium of healthy, fertile controls. In vitro stimulation of endometrial epithelial, endothelial and endometriotic epithelial cells with IL-33 led to the production of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines. In a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis, IL-33 injections caused systemic inflammation, which manifested as an increase in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to control mice. Furthermore, endometriotic lesions from IL-33 treated mice were highly vascularized and exhibited increased proliferation. Collectively, we provide convincing evidence that IL-33 perpetuates inflammation, angiogenesis and lesion proliferation, which are critical events in the lesion survival and progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephany P Monsanto
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health Systems, Greenville, South Carolina, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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172
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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173
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Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Ruiz S, Pozo F, del Pozo V, Remedios L, Exposito N, Tellez A, Casas I. Role of viral coinfections in asthma development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189083. [PMID: 29206851 PMCID: PMC5716580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral respiratory infections, especially acute bronchiolitis, play a key role in the development of asthma in childhood. However, most studies have focused on respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus infections and none of them have compared the long-term evolution of single versus double or multiple viral infections. Objective Our aim was to compare the frequency of asthma development at 6–8 years in children with previous admission for bronchiolitis associated with single versus double or multiple viral infection. Patients & methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 244 children currently aged 6–8 years, previously admitted due to bronchiolitis between September 2008 and December 2011. A structured clinical interview and the ISAAC questionnaire for asthma symptoms for 6-7-year-old children, were answered by parents by telephone. Specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate for virological study (polymerase chain reaction) and clinical data were prospectively taken during admission for bronchiolitis. Results Median current age at follow-up was 7.3 years (IQR: 6.7–8.1). The rate of recurrent wheezing was 82.7% in the coinfection group and 69.7% in the single-infection group, p = 0.06. The number of wheezing-related admissions was twice as high in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.004. Regarding the ISAAC questionnaire, 30.8% of coinfections versus 15% of single infections, p = 0.01, presented “wheezing in the last 12 months”, data that strongly correlate with current prevalence of asthma. “Dry cough at night” was also reported more frequently in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.02. The strongest independent risk factors for asthma at 6–8 years of age were: age > 9 months at admission for bronchiolitis (OR: 3.484; CI95%: 1.459–8.317, p:0.005), allergic rhinitis (OR: 5.910; 95%CI: 2.622–13.318, p<0.001), and viral coinfection-bronchiolitis (OR: 3.374; CI95%: 1.542–7.386, p:0.01). Conclusions Asthma at 6–8 years is more frequent and severe in those children previously hospitalized with viral coinfection-bronchiolitis compared with those with single infection. Allergic rhinitis and older age at admission seem also to be strong independent risk factors for asthma development in children previously hospitalised because of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Garcia-Garcia
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research)
- Pediatrics Department, La Paz Hospital, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Remedios
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Exposito
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Tellez
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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174
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Li BWS, Stadhouders R, de Bruijn MJW, Lukkes M, Beerens DMJM, Brem MD, KleinJan A, Bergen I, Vroman H, Kool M, van IJcken WFJ, Rao TN, Fehling HJ, Hendriks RW. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Exhibit a Dynamic Phenotype in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1684. [PMID: 29250067 PMCID: PMC5716969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are implicated in allergic asthma as an early innate source of the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. However, their induction in house dust mite (HDM)-mediated airway inflammation additionally requires T cell activation. It is currently unknown whether phenotypic differences exist between ILC2s that are activated in a T cell-dependent or T cell-independent fashion. Here, we compared ILC2s in IL-33- and HDM-driven airway inflammation. Using flow cytometry, we found that surface expression levels of various markers frequently used to identify ILC2s were dependent on their mode of activation, highly variable over time, and differed between tissue compartments, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung, draining lymph nodes, and spleen. Whereas in vivo IL-33-activated BAL fluid ILC2s exhibited an almost uniform CD25+CD127+T1/ST2+ICOS+KLRG1+ phenotype, at a comparable time point after HDM exposure BAL fluid ILC2s had a very heterogeneous surface marker phenotype. A major fraction of HDM-activated ILC2s were CD25lowCD127+T1/ST2low ICOSlowKLRG1low, but nevertheless had the capacity to produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines. HDM-activated CD25low ILC2s in BAL fluid and lung rapidly reverted to CD25high ILC2s upon in vivo stimulation with IL-33. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of BAL ILC2s revealed ~1,600 differentially expressed genes: HDM-stimulated ILC2s specifically expressed genes involved in the regulation of adaptive immunity through B and T cell interactions, whereas IL-33-stimulated ILC2s expressed high levels of proliferation-related and cytokine genes. In both airway inflammation models ILC2s were present in the lung submucosa close to epithelial cells, as identified by confocal microscopy. In chronic HDM-driven airway inflammation ILC2s were also found inside organized cellular infiltrates near T cells. Collectively, our findings show that ILC2s are phenotypically more heterogeneous than previously thought, whereby their surface marker and gene expression profile are highly dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby W S Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Melanie Lukkes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten D Brem
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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175
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Fattori V, Hohmann MSN, Rossaneis AC, Manchope MF, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Verri WA. Targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling: regulation of immune function and analgesia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1141-1152. [PMID: 29076792 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1398734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL-33 signals through ST2 receptor and promotes inflammation by activating downstream pathways culminating in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in an NF-κB-dependent manner. In fact, compelling evidence has demonstrated the importance of IL-33/ST2 in both innate and adaptive immune responses in diseases presenting pain as an important clinical symptom. Areas covered: IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine with varied immune functions. Dysregulation of this pathway has been described as a key step in varied immune responses. Further, IL-33 contributes to peripheral and spinal cord nociceptor neuron sensitization in innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses as well as in neuropathic and cancer pain. In this sense, targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling is a promising therapeutic approach. Expert opinion: The modulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling represents a possible approach in regulating immune functions. In addition to immune function, strategies targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway display a favorable preclinical analgesic profile in both acute and chronic models of pain. Therefore, IL-33-targeting therapies represent a potential target for the development of novel analgesic drugs given that IL-33 activates, for instance, neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, astrocytes, and microglia that are important cells in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- a Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Miriam S N Hohmann
- a Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Ana C Rossaneis
- a Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Marilia F Manchope
- a Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- b Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- b Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- b Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- a Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
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Hu LW, Qian Z, Dharmage SC, Liu E, Howard SW, Vaughn MG, Perret J, Lodge CC, Zeng XW, Yang BY, Xu SL, Zhang C, Dong GH. Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to pet ownership and lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Cities Study. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:1177-1189. [PMID: 28613428 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the association between pre-natal and post-natal exposure to pet ownership and lung function in children, a cross-sectional study named Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) study was conducted. In this study, children's lung function including the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured by spirometers, and pet ownership situations were collected by questionnaire. Analyzed by multiple logistic regression and generalized linear modeling, we found that for all subjects, pet exposure in the first 2 years of life was significantly associated with lung function impairment of FVC<85% predicted (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.63). For current pet exposure, the increased odds of lung function impairment ranged from 35% (aOR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.62) for FVC<85% predicted to 57% (aOR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.29, 1.93) for FEV1 <85% predicted. The in utero exposure was not related to lung function impairment. Compared with other pets, higher odds were observed among children with dogs. When stratified by gender, girls with current pet exposure were more likely to have lung function impairment than boys. It implies self-reported exposures to pets were negatively associated with lung function among the children under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-W Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - S C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - E Liu
- Department of Health Management & Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - S W Howard
- Department of Health Management & Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - M G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - C C Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - X-W Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B-Y Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-L Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G-H Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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177
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Association of interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 gene polymorphisms with eosinophilic phenotype in Japanese adults with asthma. Respir Investig 2017; 55:338-347. [PMID: 29153414 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL1RL1 (ST2) is involved in Th2 inflammation including eosinophil activation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL1RL1 gene are associated with asthma development and increased peripheral blood eosinophil counts. However, the association between IL1RL1 SNPs and eosinophilic phenotype among adults with asthma remains unexplored. METHODS In a primary cohort of 110 adult Japanese patients with stable asthma, we examined the associations between IL1RL1 SNPs and clinical measurements including forced expiratory volume (FEV1), airway reversibility of FEV1, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), serum soluble-ST2 (sST2) levels, peripheral blood eosinophil differentials and serum total IgE level. The findings in the primary cohort were confirmed in a validation cohort of 126 adult Japanese patients with stable asthma. RESULTS Patients with minor alleles in 3 SNPs (rs17026974, rs1420101, and rs1921622) had high FeNO, blood eosinophil differentials, and reversibility of FEV1, but low levels of serum sST2 and FEV1. Minor alleles of rs1041973 were associated with low serum sST2 levels alone. In the validation cohort, minor alleles of rs1420101 were associated with high FeNO and blood eosinophil differentials, whereas minor alleles of rs17026974 and rs1921622 were associated with high blood eosinophil differentials and FeNO, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the minor allele of rs1420101 additively contributed to the FeNO, blood eosinophil differentials, and reversibility of FEV1. CONCLUSIONS The minor alleles of IL1RL1 SNPs were associated with high FeNO and peripheral blood eosinophilia among adult Japanese patients with stable asthma. IL1RL1 SNPs may characterize the eosinophilic phenotype with greater eosinophilic inflammation in the Japanese asthma cohort.
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178
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Finlay CM, Stefanska AM, Coleman MM, Jahns H, Cassidy JP, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG. Secreted products of Fasciola hepatica inhibit the induction of T cell responses that mediate allergy. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28815724 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from epidemiology studies of a negative association between infection with helminth parasites and the development of allergy and asthma. Here, we demonstrate that the excretory/secretory products of the helminth Fasciola hepatica (FHES) protected mice against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma when administered at time of allergen sensitization. FHES reduced the accumulation of mucus, eosinophils and lymphocytes into the airways of allergen-challenged mice. Furthermore, FHES treatment suppressed Th2 responses in the airways. Interestingly, systemic administration of FHES at allergen challenge had no effect on airway inflammation, demonstrating that alum-induced Th2 response is set following initial allergen sensitization. Our findings highlight the immunomodulatory potential of molecules secreted by F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Finlay
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A M Stefanska
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M M Coleman
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H Jahns
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J P Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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179
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Katoh S, Ikeda M, Matsumoto N, Shimizu H, Abe M, Ohue Y, Mouri K, Kobashi Y, Nakazato M, Oka M. Possible Role of IL-25 in Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia. Lung 2017; 195:707-712. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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180
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Fujimoto Y, Hasegawa S, Matsushige T, Wakiguchi H, Nakamura T, Hasegawa H, Nakajima N, Ainai A, Oga A, Itoh H, Shirabe K, Toda S, Atsuta R, Morishima T, Ohga S. Pulmonary inflammation and cytokine dynamics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a mouse model of bronchial asthma during A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9128. [PMID: 28831046 PMCID: PMC5567326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic patients present more rapid progression of respiratory distress after A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection than after seasonal infection. Here, we sought to clarify the pathophysiology of early deterioration in asthmatic patients after A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Cytokine levels and virus titres in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice with and without asthma after A(H1N1)pdm09 or seasonal H1N1 infection were examined. In asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 mice, IL-6 and TNF-α levels peaked at 3 days post-infection and were higher than those in all other groups. IFN-γ levels in asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 mice at 3 days post-infection were higher than in all other mice at any time point, whereas at 7 days post-infection, the levels were lowest in asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 mice. Virus titres in asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 mice were highest at 3 days post-infection, and decreased by 7 days post-infection, although the levels at this time point were still higher than that in any other group. Histopathological examination showed more inflammatory cell infiltration and lung tissue destruction in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group than in any other group. The distinct cytokine profiles in A(H1N1)pdm09-infected asthmatic mice indicated excessive inflammation and virus replication within a few days after infection. Thus, bronchial asthma could be a more exacerbating factor for pandemic influenza infection than for seasonal influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Fujimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shunji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsushige
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakiguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tamaki Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Komei Shirabe
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi, 753-0821, Japan
| | - Shoichi Toda
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi, 753-0821, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- Depertment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Morishima
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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181
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Sopel N, Pflaum A, Kölle J, Finotto S. The Unresolved Role of Interferon-λ in Asthma Bronchiale. Front Immunol 2017; 8:989. [PMID: 28861088 PMCID: PMC5559474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma bronchiale is a disease of the airways with increasing incidence, that often begins during infancy. So far, therapeutic options are mainly symptomatic and thus there is an increasing need for better treatment and/or prevention strategies. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a major cause of asthma exacerbations and might cause acute wheezing associated with local production of pro-inflammatory mediators resulting in neutrophilic inflammatory response. Viral infections induce a characteristic activation of immune response, e.g., TLR3, 4, 7, 8, 9 in the endosome and their downstream targets, especially MyD88. Moreover, other cytoplasmic pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) like RIG1 and MDA5 play important roles in the activation of interferons (IFNs) of all types. Depending on the stimulation of the different PRMs, the levels of the IFNs induced might differ. Recent studies focused on Type I IFNs in samples from control and asthma patients. However, the administration of type I IFN-α was accompanied by side-effects, thus this possible therapy was abandoned. Type III IFN-λ acts more specifically, as fewer cells express the IFN-λ receptor chain 1. In addition, it has been shown that asthmatic mice treated with recombinant or adenoviral expressed IFN-λ2 (IL–28A) showed an amelioration of symptoms, indicating that treatment with IFN-λ might be beneficial for asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sopel
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pflaum
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kölle
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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182
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Farne HA, Johnston SL. Immune mechanisms of respiratory viral infections in asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 48:31-37. [PMID: 28818789 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The more severe pathology respiratory viral infections produce in asthma sufferers is a result of a dysregulated immune response. Excess type 2 inflammation is a well-described feature of virally induced asthma exacerbations, with growing evidence that production of antiviral interferons may also be impaired. However, the mechanisms underlying these are little understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and recent discoveries of the cellular and molecular events that follow viral infections in asthma. In particular, we discuss differences in viral sensing and intracellular signalling pathways upstream of interferon induction in asthma, and the role of epithelial-derived cytokines in orchestrating type 2 immunopathology, including type 2 innate lymhpoid cells (ILC2s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Farne
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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183
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Cavagnero K, Doherty TA. Cytokine and Lipid Mediator Regulation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) in Human Allergic Airway Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28959799 PMCID: PMC5614509 DOI: 10.4172/2576-3881.1000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has caused a paradigm shift in the understanding of allergic airway disease pathogenesis. Prior to the discovery of ILC2s, Th2 cells were largely thought to be the primary source of type 2 cytokines; however, activated ILC2s have since been shown to contribute significantly, and in some cases, dominantly to type 2 cytokine production. Since the discovery of ILC2s in 2010, many mediators have been shown to regulate their effector functions. Initial studies identified the epithelial derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP as activators of ILC2s, and recent studies have identified many additional cytokine and lipid mediators that are involved in ILC2 regulation. ILC2s and their mediators represent novel therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and intensive investigation is underway to better understand ILC2 biology and upstream and downstream pathways that lead to ILC2-driven airway pathology. In this review, we will focus on the cytokine and lipid mediators that regulate ILC2s in human allergic airway disease, as well as highlight newly discovered mediators of mouse ILC2s that may eventually translate to humans.
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184
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Oczypok EA, Perkins TN, Oury TD. Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Mediators: Potential Direct Regulators of Large Airway and Vascular Responses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:694-699. [PMID: 28080134 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0151ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells and pulmonary endothelial cells are thought to be the primary modulators of conducting airways and vessels, respectively. However, histological examination of both mouse and human lung tissue reveals that alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) line the adventitia of large airways and vessels and thus are also in a position to directly regulate these structures. The primary purpose of this perspective is to highlight the fact that AECs coat the adventitial surface of every vessel and airway in the lung parenchyma. This localization is ideal for transmitting signals that can contribute to physiologic and pathologic responses in vessels and airways. A few examples of mediators produced by AECs that may contribute to vascular and airway responses are provided to illustrate some of the potential effects that AECs may modulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Oczypok
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tim D Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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185
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Hodzic Z, Schill EM, Bolock AM, Good M. IL-33 and the intestine: The good, the bad, and the inflammatory. Cytokine 2017; 100:1-10. [PMID: 28687373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been widely studied since its discovery in 2005 for its dichotomous functions in homeostasis and inflammation. IL-33, along with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), has been shown to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system. Originally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis was studied in the context of inducing type 2 immune responses with the expression of ST2 by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. However, the role of IL-33 is not limited to TH2 responses. Rather, IL-33 is a potent activator of TH1 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and CD8+ T cells. The intestine is uniquely important in this discussion, as the intestinal epithelium is distinctively positioned to interact with both pathogens and the immune cells housed in the mucosa. In the intestine, IL-33 is expressed by the pericryptal fibroblasts and its expression is increased particularly in disease states. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling aberrancy is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accordingly, for this review, we will focus on the role of IL-33 in the regulation of intestinal immunity, involvement in intestinal disease, and implication in potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Hodzic
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Merrick Schill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexa M Bolock
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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186
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are functionally diverse subsets of immune cells including the conventional natural killer cells, lymphoid tissue inducers, type 1, 2, and 3 with significant roles in immunity and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) resemble type 2 helper (Th2) cells in cytokine production and contribute to anti-helminth immunity, maintaining mucosal tissue integrity, and adipose tissue browning. ILC2s play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and asthma. Studying the pathways of activation and regulation of ILC2s are currently a priority for giving a better understanding of pathogenesis of diseases with immunological roots. Recently, our laboratory and others have shown several pathways of regulation of ILC2s by co-stimulatory molecules such as ICOS, regulatory T cells and by compounds such as nicotine. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of activation and regulation of ILC2s and the role of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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187
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Lund SJ, Portillo A, Cavagnero K, Baum RE, Naji LH, Badrani JH, Mehta A, Croft M, Broide DH, Doherty TA. Leukotriene C4 Potentiates IL-33-Induced Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation and Lung Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1096-1104. [PMID: 28667163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease that is promoted by dysregulated immunity and the presence of many cytokine and lipid mediators. Despite this, there is a paucity of data demonstrating the combined effects of multiple mediators in asthma pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been shown to play important roles in the initiation of allergic inflammation; however, it is unclear whether lipid mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which are present in asthma, could further amplify the effects of IL-33 on ILC2 activation and lung inflammation. In this article, we show that airway challenges with the parent CysLT, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), given in combination with low-dose IL-33 to naive wild-type mice, led to synergistic increases in airway Th2 cytokines, eosinophilia, and peribronchial inflammation compared with IL-33 alone. Further, the numbers of proliferating and cytokine-producing lung ILC2s were increased after challenge with both LTC4 and IL-33. Levels of CysLT1R, CysLT2R, and candidate leukotriene E4 receptor P2Y12 mRNAs were increased in ILC2s. The synergistic effect of LTC4 with IL-33 was completely dependent upon CysLT1R, because CysLT1R-/- mice, but not CysLT2R-/- mice, had abrogated responses. Further, CysLTs directly potentiated IL-5 and IL-13 production from purified ILC2s stimulated with IL-33 and resulted in NFAT1 nuclear translocation. Finally, CysLT1R-/- mice had reduced lung eosinophils and ILC2 responses after exposure to the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata Thus, CysLT1R promotes LTC4- and Alternaria-induced ILC2 activation and lung inflammation. These findings suggest that multiple pathways likely exist in asthma to activate ILC2s and propagate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Lund
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Alex Portillo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Rachel E Baum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Luay H Naji
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Jana H Badrani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Amit Mehta
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
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188
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Maazi H, Banie H, Aleman Muench GR, Patel N, Wang B, Sankaranarayanan I, Bhargava V, Sato T, Lewis G, Cesaroni M, Karras J, Das A, Soroosh P, Akbari O. Activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated airway hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:893-905.e6. [PMID: 28579374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a prevalent inflammatory disease of the airways caused by dysregulated immune balance in the lungs with incompletely understood pathogenesis. The recently identified type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play significant roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although ILC2-activating factors have been identified, the mechanisms that suppress ILC2s remain largely unknown. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important in antiviral immunity and in maintaining tolerance to inert antigens. OBJECTIVE We sought to address the role of pDCs in regulating ILC2 function and ILC2-mediated airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and lung inflammation. METHODS We used several murine models, including BDCA-2-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic and IFN-α receptor 1-deficient mice, as well as purified primary ILC2s, to reach our objective. We extended and validated our findings to human ILC2s. RESULTS We show that activation of pDCs through Toll-like receptor 7/8 suppresses ILC2-mediated AHR and airway inflammation and that depletion of pDCs reverses this suppression. We further show that pDCs suppress cytokine production and the proliferation rate while increasing the apoptosis rate of ILC2s through IFN-α production. Transcriptomic analysis of both human and murine ILC2s confirms the activation of regulatory pathways in ILC2s by IFN-α. CONCLUSION Activation of pDCs alleviates AHR and airway inflammation by suppressing ILC2 function and survival. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway in ILC2-mediated pulmonary inflammation with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | | | - Nisheel Patel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vipul Bhargava
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Gavin Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif
| | - Matteo Cesaroni
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - James Karras
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif
| | - Anuk Das
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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189
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Taylor S, Huang Y, Mallett G, Stathopoulou C, Felizardo TC, Sun MA, Martin EL, Zhu N, Woodward EL, Elias MS, Scott J, Reynolds NJ, Paul WE, Fowler DH, Amarnath S. PD-1 regulates KLRG1 + group 2 innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1663-1678. [PMID: 28490441 PMCID: PMC5461001 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC-2s) regulate immune responses to pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis in response to cytokines. Positive regulation of ILC-2s through ICOS has been recently elucidated. We demonstrate here that PD-1 is an important negative regulator of KLRG1+ ILC-2 function in both mice and humans. Increase in KLRG1+ ILC-2 cell numbers was attributed to an intrinsic defect in PD-1 signaling, which resulted in enhanced STAT5 activation. During Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, a significant expansion of KLRG1+ ILC-2 subsets occurred in Pdcd1-/- mice and, upon adoptive transfer, Pdcd1-/- KLRG1+ ILC-2s significantly reduced worm burden. Furthermore, blocking PD-1 with an antibody increased KLRG1+ ILC-2 cell number and reduced disease burden. Therefore, PD-1 is required for maintaining the number, and hence function, of KLRG1+ ILC-2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Taylor
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Grace Mallett
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Chaido Stathopoulou
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Tania C Felizardo
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Evelyn L Martin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Nathaniel Zhu
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Emma L Woodward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Martina S Elias
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Jonathan Scott
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - William E Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
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190
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Laffont S, Blanquart E, Savignac M, Cénac C, Laverny G, Metzger D, Girard JP, Belz GT, Pelletier L, Seillet C, Guéry JC. Androgen signaling negatively controls group 2 innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1581-1592. [PMID: 28484078 PMCID: PMC5461006 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
At the onset of adolescence, asthma becomes less prevalent in males than in females, suggesting a protective role of male sex hormones. Here, Laffont et al. show that androgens negatively control ILC2 development and ILC2-driven lung inflammation in male mice. Prevalence of asthma is higher in women than in men, but the mechanisms underlying this sex bias are unknown. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are key regulators of type 2 inflammatory responses. Here, we show that ILC2 development is greatly influenced by male sex hormones. Male mice have reduced numbers of ILC2 progenitors (ILC2Ps) and mature ILC2s in peripheral tissues compared with females. In consequence, males exhibit reduced susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation in response to environmental allergens and less severe IL-33–driven lung inflammation, correlating with an impaired expansion of lung ILC2s. Importantly, orchiectomy, but not ovariectomy, abolishes the sex differences in ILC2 development and restores IL-33–mediated lung inflammation. ILC2Ps express the androgen receptor (AR), and AR signaling inhibits their differentiation into mature ILC2s. Finally, we show that hematopoietic AR expression limits IL-33–driven lung inflammation through a cell-intrinsic inhibition of ILC2 expansion. Thus, androgens play a crucial protective role in type 2 airway inflammation by negatively regulating ILC2 homeostasis, thereby limiting their capacity to expand locally in response to IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Blanquart
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Savignac
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cénac
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lucette Pelletier
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Seillet
- The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
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191
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Thiriou D, Morianos I, Xanthou G, Samitas K. Innate immunity as the orchestrator of allergic airway inflammation and resolution in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:43-54. [PMID: 28463786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly in direct contact with the environment and, has therefore, developed strong innate and adaptive immune responses to combat pathogens. Unlike adaptive immunity which is mounted later in the course of the immune response and is naive at the outset, innate immunity provides the first line of defense against microbial agents, while also promoting resolution of inflammation. In the airways, innate immune effector cells mainly consist of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells, which attack pathogens directly or indirectly through the release of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, and coordinate T and B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Airway epithelial cells are also critically involved in shaping both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Chronic allergic airway inflammation and linked asthmatic disease is often considered a result of aberrant activation of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) towards innocuous environmental allergens; however, innate immune cells are increasingly recognized as key players responsible for the initiation and the perpetuation of allergic responses. Moreover, innate cells participate in immune response regulation through the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and guide tissue repair and the maintenance of airway homeostasis. The scope of this review is to outline existing knowledge on innate immune responses involved in allergic airway inflammation, highlight current gaps in our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and discuss the potential use of innate effector cells in new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Thiriou
- 2(nd) Respiratory Medicine Dept., Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece; 7(th) Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece.
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192
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Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many airway diseases. Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of airway disease will facilitate the transition in our understanding from phenotypes to endotypes, thereby improving our ability to target treatments based on pathophysiologic characteristics. For example, allergic asthma has long been considered to be driven by an allergen-specific T helper 2 response. However, clinical and mechanistic studies have begun to shed light on the role of other cell subsets in the pathogenesis and regulation of lung inflammation. In this review, we discuss the importance of different lymphocyte subsets to asthma and other airway diseases, while highlighting the growing evidence that asthma is a syndrome that incorporates many immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Moldaver
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital Healthcare, Divisions of Clinical Immunology & Allergy and Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Mark Larché
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital Healthcare, Divisions of Clinical Immunology & Allergy and Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.
| | - Christopher D Rudulier
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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193
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Griesenauer B, Paczesny S. The ST2/IL-33 Axis in Immune Cells during Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:475. [PMID: 28484466 PMCID: PMC5402045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Il1rl1 (also known as ST2) is a member of the IL-1 superfamily, and its only known ligand is IL-33. ST2 exists in two forms as splice variants: a soluble form (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor, sequesters free IL-33, and does not signal, and a membrane-bound form (ST2), which activates the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to enhance mast cell, Th2, regulatory T cell (Treg), and innate lymphoid cell type 2 functions. sST2 levels are increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, acute cardiac and small bowel transplant allograft rejection, colon and gastric cancers, gut mucosal damage during viral infection, pulmonary disease, heart disease, and graft-versus-host disease. Recently, sST2 has been shown to be secreted by intestinal pro-inflammatory T cells during gut inflammation; on the contrary, protective ST2-expressing Tregs are decreased, implicating that ST2/IL-33 signaling may play an important role in intestinal disease. This review will focus on what is known on its signaling during various inflammatory disease states and highlight potential avenues to intervene in ST2/IL-33 signaling as treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Griesenauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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194
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Ishimori A, Harada N, Chiba A, Harada S, Matsuno K, Makino F, Ito J, Ohta S, Ono J, Atsuta R, Izuhara K, Takahashi K, Miyake S. Circulating activated innate lymphoid cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells are associated with airflow limitation in patients with asthma. Allergol Int 2017; 66:302-309. [PMID: 27575652 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of innate subsets of lymphoid cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, several populations of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as innate-like T lymphocytes are involved in asthma and may have important effector functions in asthmatic immune responses. In the present study, we investigated whether NK cells, ILCs, and MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma would be associated with clinical asthma parameters. METHODS We recruited 75 adult patients with mild to severe asthma. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells in peripheral venous blood samples from the patients were purified and stained with different combinations of appropriate antibodies. The cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of activated (i.e., CD69+) NK cells in the total NK cell population was negatively correlated with FEV1% which is calculated by the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/the forced vital capacity (FVC). The percentages of CD69+ ILC1s and ILC2s were negatively correlated with FEV1% and %FEV1. The percentage of CD69+ ILC3s was positively correlated with BMI, and the percentage of CD69+ MAIT cells was negatively correlated with FEV1%. Moreover, the percentage of CD69+ NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and MAIT cells were positively correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our data showed that activated NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and MAIT cells were positively correlated with each other and may be associated with airflow limitation in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Makino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Shino-Test Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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195
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IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP induce a distinct phenotypic and activation profile in human type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Blood Adv 2017; 1:577-589. [PMID: 29296700 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a distinct branch of the lymphoid lineage composed of 3 major subpopulations: ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs are mainly described as tissue-resident cells but can be detected at low levels in human blood. However, unlike mouse ILCs, there is still no consistent methodology to purify and culture these cells that enables in-depth analysis of their intrinsic biology. Here, we describe defined culture conditions for ILC2s, which allowed us to dissect the roles of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) individually, or in combination, in modulating ILC2 phenotype and function. We show that TSLP is important for ILC2 survival, while ILC2 activation is more dependent on IL-33, especially when in combination with IL-2 or TSLP. We found that activation of ILC2s by IL-33 and TSLP dramatically upregulated their surface expression of c-Kit and downregulated expression of the canonical markers IL-7Rα and CRTH2. IL-2 further amplified ILC2 production of IL-5, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but also induced a more natural killer (NK)-like phenotype in ILC2, with upregulation of granzyme B production by these cells. Furthermore, ILC2 plasticity was observed in serum-free SFEM II media in response to IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP stimulation and independently of IL-12 and IL-1β. This is the first comprehensive report of an in vitro culture system for human ILC2s, without the use of feeder layers, which additionally evaluates the impact of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP alone or in combination on ILC2 surface phenotype and activation status.
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196
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Rajput C, Cui T, Han M, Lei J, Hinde JL, Wu Q, Bentley JK, Hershenson MB. RORα-dependent type 2 innate lymphoid cells are required and sufficient for mucous metaplasia in immature mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L983-L993. [PMID: 28360114 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00368.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life wheezing-associated respiratory tract infection by rhinovirus (RV) is considered a risk factor for asthma development. We have shown that RV infection of 6-day-old BALB/c mice, but not mature mice, induces an asthmalike phenotype that is associated with an increase in the population of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dependent on IL-13 and IL-25. We hypothesize that ILC2s are required and sufficient for development of the asthmalike phenotype in immature mice. Mice were infected with RV1B on day 6 of life and treated with vehicle or a chemical inhibitor of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα), SR3335 (15 mg·kg-1·day-1 ip for 7 days). We also infected Rorasg/sg mice without functional ILC2s. ILC2s were identified as negative for lineage markers and positive for cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25)/IL-2Rα and CD127/IL-7Rα. Effects of SR3335 on proliferation and function of cultured ILC2s were determined. Finally, sorted ILC2s were transferred into naïve mice, and lungs were harvested 14 days later for assessment of gene expression and histology. SR3335 decreased the number of RV-induced lung lineage-negative, CD25+, CD127+ ILC2s in immature mice. SR3335 also attenuated lung mRNA expression of IL-13, Muc5ac, and Gob5 as well as mucous metaplasia. We also found reduced expansion of ILC2s in RV-infected Rorasg/sg mice. SR3335 also blocked IL-25 and IL-33-induced ILC2 proliferation and IL-13 production ex vivo. Finally, adoptive transfer of ILC2s led to development of asthmalike phenotype in immature and adult mice. RORα-dependent ILC2s are required and sufficient for type 2 cytokine expression and mucous metaplasia in immature mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Tracy Cui
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Joanna L Hinde
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - J Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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197
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Johansson K, Malmhäll C, Ramos-Ramírez P, Rådinger M. MicroRNA-155 is a critical regulator of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33 signaling in experimental models of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1007-1016.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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198
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Steer CA, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Ghaedi M, Allinger P, Mathä L, Takei F. Group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation in the neonatal lung drives type 2 immunity and allergen sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:593-595.e3. [PMID: 28216436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Steer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patricia Allinger
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of Applied Sciences-FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Mathä
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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199
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Lee JU, Chang HS, Lee HJ, Jung CA, Bae DJ, Song HJ, Park JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Seo KH, Park CS. Upregulation of interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28202030 PMCID: PMC5312598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses mediated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been shown to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis of animal models; however, their clinical implications remain poorly understood. METHODS TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from normal controls (NCs; n = 40) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 100), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 20), and sarcoidosis (n = 19). RESULTS The TSLP and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF relative to the NCs (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively), NSIP (p = 4.95E - 7 and p = 0.0002, respectively), HP (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.000005, respectively), and sarcoidosis groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, the IL-25 levels were not significantly different between NC and IPF group (p = 0.432). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the TSLP and IL-33 levels revealed clear differences between the IPF and NC groups (AUC = 0.655 and 0.706, respectively), as well as between the IPF and the other lung disease groups (AUC = 0.786 and 0.781, respectively). Cut-off values of 3.52 pg/μg TSLP and 3.77 pg/μg IL-33 were shown to differentiate between the IPF and NC groups with 99.2 and 94.3% accuracy. Cut-off values of 4.66 pg/μg TSLP and 2.52 pg/μg IL-33 possessed 99.4 and 93.2% accuracy for differentiating among the IPF and other interstitial lung disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Innate immune responses may be associated with the development of IPF. Furthermore, the IL-33 and TSLP levels in BAL fluids may be useful for differentiating IPF from other chronic interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chang An Jung
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Bae
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Seo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. .,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea. .,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-767, Korea.
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Del Giacco SR, Bakirtas A, Bel E, Custovic A, Diamant Z, Hamelmann E, Heffler E, Kalayci Ö, Saglani S, Sergejeva S, Seys S, Simpson A, Bjermer L. Allergy in severe asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:207-220. [PMID: 27775836 DOI: 10.1111/all.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that atopic sensitization is an important risk factor for asthma, both in adults and in children. However, the role of allergy in severe asthma is still under debate. The term 'Severe Asthma' encompasses a highly heterogeneous group of patients who require treatment on steps 4-5 of GINA guidelines to prevent their asthma from becoming 'uncontrolled', or whose disease remains 'uncontrolled' despite this therapy. Epidemiological studies on emergency room visits and hospital admissions for asthma suggest the important role of allergy in asthma exacerbations. In addition, allergic asthma in childhood is often associated with severe asthma in adulthood. A strong association exists between asthma exacerbations and respiratory viral infections, and interaction between viruses and allergy further increases the risk of asthma exacerbations. Furthermore, fungal allergy has been shown to play an important role in severe asthma. Other contributing factors include smoking, pollution and work-related exposures. The 'Allergy and Asthma Severity' EAACI Task Force examined the current evidence and produced this position document on the role of allergy in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - A. Bakirtas
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Bel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. Custovic
- Department of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Z. Diamant
- Department of General Practice and Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - E. Hamelmann
- Klinik für Kinder and Jugendmedizin Kinderzentrum; Bethel Evangelisches Krankenhaus; Allergy Center; Ruhr University Bochum; Bielefeld Germany
| | - E. Heffler
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Ö. Kalayci
- School of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - S. Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - S. Sergejeva
- Institute of Technology; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - S. Seys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; KU Leuven Belgium
| | - A. Simpson
- Centre Lead for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; University Hospital of South Manchester; Education and Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - L. Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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