151
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Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Christensen B, Møller N, Gillum MP, Treebak JT, Jessen N. Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5703-5714. [PMID: 31390002 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Augmenting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism through dietary provision of NAD+ precursor vitamins translates to improved glucose handling in rodent models of obesity and diabetes. Preclinical evidence suggests that the NAD+/SIRT1 axis may be implicated in modulating important gut-related aspects of glucose regulation. We sought to test whether NAD+ precursor supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR) affects β-cell function, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion as well as circulating bile acid levels in humans. DESIGN A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 40 males with obesity and insulin resistance allocated to NR at 1000 mg twice daily (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Two-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after the intervention, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were determined. β-Cell function indices were calculated based on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements. Fasting plasma concentrations of bile acids were determined. RESULTS NR supplementation during 12 weeks did not affect fasting or postglucose challenge concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, or GIP, and β-cell function did not respond to the intervention. Additionally, no changes in circulating adipsin or bile acids were observed following NR supplementation. CONCLUSION The current study does not provide evidence to support that dietary supplementation with the NAD+ precursor NR serves to impact glucose tolerance, β-cell secretory capacity, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion in nondiabetic males with obesity. Moreover, bile acid levels in plasma did not change in response to NR supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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152
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Synthesis, computational predictions of selective bioactive nicotinamide derivatives and in vitro biological evaluations. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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153
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Shi W, Hegeman MA, Doncheva A, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, de Boer VCJ, Keijer J. High Dose of Dietary Nicotinamide Riboside Induces Glucose Intolerance and White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice Fed a Mildly Obesogenic Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102439. [PMID: 31614949 PMCID: PMC6835358 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor vitamin. The scarce reports on the adverse effects on metabolic health of supplementation with high-dose NR warrant substantiation. Here, we aimed to examine the physiological responses to high-dose NR supplementation in the context of a mildly obesogenic diet and to substantiate this with molecular data. An 18-week dietary intervention was conducted in male C57BL/6JRccHsd mice, in which a diet with 9000 mg NR per kg diet (high NR) was compared to a diet with NR at the recommended vitamin B3 level (control NR). Both diets were mildly obesogenic (40 en% fat). Metabolic flexibility and glucose tolerance were analyzed and immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and histology of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were performed. Mice fed with high NR showed a reduced metabolic flexibility, a lower glucose clearance rate and aggravated systemic insulin resistance. This was consistent with molecular and morphological changes in eWAT, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated PPARγ (proliferator-activated receptor γ) repression, downregulated AKT/glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) signaling, an increased number of crown-like structures and macrophages, and an upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene markers. In conclusion, high-dose NR induces the onset of WAT dysfunction, which may in part explain the deterioration of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Shi
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Maria A Hegeman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Educational Consultancy & Professional Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Atanaska Doncheva
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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154
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Giroud-Gerbetant J, Joffraud M, Giner MP, Cercillieux A, Bartova S, Makarov MV, Zapata-Pérez R, Sánchez-García JL, Houtkooper RH, Migaud ME, Moco S, Canto C. A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defines a new path for NAD + biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD + precursor. Mol Metab 2019; 30:192-202. [PMID: 31767171 PMCID: PMC6807296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A decay in intracellular NAD+ levels is one of the hallmarks of physiological decline in normal tissue functions. Accordingly, dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors can prevent, alleviate, or even reverse multiple metabolic complications and age-related disorders in diverse model organisms. Within the constellation of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has gained attention due to its potent NAD+ biosynthetic effects in vivo while lacking adverse clinical effects. Nevertheless, NR is not stable in circulation, and its utilization is rate-limited by the expression of nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRKs). Therefore, there is a strong interest in identifying new effective NAD+ precursors that can overcome these limitations. METHODS Through a combination of metabolomics and pharmacological approaches, we describe how NRH, a reduced form of NR, serves as a potent NAD+ precursor in mammalian cells and mice. RESULTS NRH acts as a more potent and faster NAD+ precursor than NR in mammalian cells and tissues. Despite the minor structural difference, we found that NRH uses different steps and enzymes to synthesize NAD+, thus revealing a new NRK1-independent pathway for NAD+ synthesis. Finally, we provide evidence that NRH is orally bioavailable in mice and prevents cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify a new pathway for NAD+ synthesis and classify NRH as a promising new therapeutic strategy to enhance NAD+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Giroud-Gerbetant
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Joffraud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pilar Giner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Simona Bartova
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604, Alabama, USA
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José L Sánchez-García
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
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155
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Abstract
NAD+ is a pivotal metabolite involved in cellular bioenergetics, genomic stability, mitochondrial homeostasis, adaptive stress responses, and cell survival. Multiple NAD+-dependent enzymes are involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal stress resistance. Here, we review emerging findings that reveal key roles for NAD+ and related metabolites in the adaptation of neurons to a wide range of physiological stressors and in counteracting processes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as those occurring in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of NAD+-based neuronal resilience will lead to novel approaches for facilitating healthy brain aging and for the treatment of a range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway.
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156
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Sambeat A, Ratajczak J, Joffraud M, Sanchez-Garcia JL, Giner MP, Valsesia A, Giroud-Gerbetant J, Valera-Alberni M, Cercillieux A, Boutant M, Kulkarni SS, Moco S, Canto C. Endogenous nicotinamide riboside metabolism protects against diet-induced liver damage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4291. [PMID: 31541116 PMCID: PMC6754455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) ameliorates and prevents a broad array of metabolic and aging disorders in mice. However, little is known about the physiological role of endogenous NR metabolism. We have previously shown that NR kinase 1 (NRK1) is rate-limiting and essential for NR-induced NAD+ synthesis in hepatic cells. To understand the relevance of hepatic NR metabolism, we generated whole body and liver-specific NRK1 knockout mice. Here, we show that NRK1 deficiency leads to decreased gluconeogenic potential and impaired mitochondrial function. Upon high-fat feeding, NRK1 deficient mice develop glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Furthermore, they are more susceptible to diet-induced liver DNA damage, due to compromised PARP1 activity. Our results demonstrate that endogenous NR metabolism is critical to sustain hepatic NAD+ levels and hinder diet-induced metabolic damage, highlighting the relevance of NRK1 as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) sustains cellular energy metabolism, functions as a substrate of Sirt and PARP enzymes, and its supplementation is explored therapeutically in aging and other contexts. Here the authors provide insight into the role of endogenous NAD+ metabolism by studying nicotinamide riboside kinase 1 (NRK1) deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sambeat
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Joffraud
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria P Giner
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Boutant
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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157
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Guarino M, Dufour JF. Nicotinamide and NAFLD: Is There Nothing New Under the Sun? Metabolites 2019; 9:E180. [PMID: 31510030 PMCID: PMC6780119 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has a critical role in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. Its importance has been established early with the discovery of NAD's therapeutic role for pellagra. This review addresses some of the recent findings on NAD physiopathology and their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, which need to be considered in the search for a better therapeutic approach. Reduced NAD concentrations contribute to the dysmetabolic imbalance and consequently to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this perspective, the dietary supplementation or the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels appear to be an attractive strategy. These reviewed studies open the doors to growing interest in NAD metabolism for NAFLD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Future rigorous clinical studies in humans will be necessary to validate these preliminary but promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guarino
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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158
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Geisler S, Doan RA, Cheng GC, Cetinkaya-Fisgin A, Huang SX, Höke A, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. Vincristine and bortezomib use distinct upstream mechanisms to activate a common SARM1-dependent axon degeneration program. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129920. [PMID: 31484833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is one of the most prevalent dose-limiting toxicities of anticancer therapy. Development of effective therapies to prevent chemotherapy-induced neuropathies could be enabled by a mechanistic understanding of axonal breakdown following exposure to neuropathy-causing agents. Here, we reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying axon degeneration induced by 2 widely used chemotherapeutic agents with distinct mechanisms of action: vincristine and bortezomib. We showed previously that genetic deletion of SARM1 blocks vincristine-induced neuropathy and demonstrate here that it also prevents axon destruction following administration of bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. Using cultured neurons, we found that vincristine and bortezomib converge on a core axon degeneration program consisting of nicotinamide mononucleotide NMNAT2, SARM1, and loss of NAD+ but engage different upstream mechanisms that closely resemble Wallerian degeneration after vincristine and apoptosis after bortezomib. We could inhibit the final common axon destruction pathway by preserving axonal NAD+ levels or expressing a candidate gene therapeutic that inhibits SARM1 in vitro. We suggest that these approaches may lead to therapies for vincristine- and bortezomib-induced neuropathies and possibly other forms of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Geisler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan A Doan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Galen C Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Shay X Huang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Genetics and
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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159
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Pham TX, Bae M, Kim MB, Lee Y, Hu S, Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY. Nicotinamide riboside, an NAD+ precursor, attenuates the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2451-2463. [PMID: 31195117 PMCID: PMC6614025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis is part of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum, which currently has no approved pharmacological treatment. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, can reduce the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a low-fat control (LF), a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol control (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with NR at 400 mg/kg/day (HF-NR) for 20 weeks. Features of liver fibrosis were assessed by histological and biochemical analyses. Whole-body energy metabolism was also assessed using indirect calorimetry. Primary mouse and human hepatic stellate cells were used to determine the anti-fibrogenic effects of NR in vitro. RESULTS NR supplementation significantly reduced body weight of mice only 7 weeks after mice were on the supplementation, but did not attenuate serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver steatosis, or liver inflammation. However, NR markedly reduced collagen accumulation in the liver. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that the expression of genes involved in NAD+ metabolism is altered in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) compared to quiescent HSCs. NR inhibited the activation of HSCs in primary mouse and human HSCs. Indirect calorimetry showed that NR increased energy expenditure, likely by upregulation of β-oxidation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSION NR attenuated HSC activation, leading to reduced liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. The data suggest that NR may be developed as a potential preventative for human liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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160
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Lee HJ, Yang SJ. Supplementation with Nicotinamide Riboside Reduces Brain Inflammation and Improves Cognitive Function in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174196. [PMID: 31461911 PMCID: PMC6747453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether nicotinamide riboside (NR) can improve inflammation and cognitive function in diabetic mice. ICR male mice were fed for 14 weeks with either high-fat chow diet (HF, 60% kcal fat) or standard chow diet (CON, 10% kcal fat). HF, streptozotocin, and nicotinamide were used to induce hyperglycemia. NR or vehicle was delivered via stomach gavage for six weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test, Y-maze test, and nest construction test were conducted before and after the NR treatment period. NR treatment induced down-regulation of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. NR reduced IL-1 expression significantly by 50% in whole brains of hyperglycemic mice. Other inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-6 were also attenuated by NR. Brain expression of amyloid-β precursor protein and presenilin 1 were reduced by NR. In addition, NR induced significant reduction of amyloid-β in whole brains of diabetic mice. NR treatment restored hyperglycemia-induced increases in brain karyopyknosis to the levels of controls. Nest construction test showed that NR improved hippocampus functions. Spatial recognition memory and locomotor activity were also improved by NR supplementation. These findings suggest that NR may be useful for treating cognitive impairment by inhibiting amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea.
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161
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Fons NR, Sundaram RK, Breuer GA, Peng S, McLean RL, Kalathil AN, Schmidt MS, Carvalho DM, Mackay A, Jones C, Carcaboso ÁM, Nazarian J, Berens ME, Brenner C, Bindra RS. PPM1D mutations silence NAPRT gene expression and confer NAMPT inhibitor sensitivity in glioma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3790. [PMID: 31439867 PMCID: PMC6706443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas are among the deadliest of childhood cancers due to limited knowledge of early driving events in their gliomagenesis and the lack of effective therapies available. In this study, we investigate the oncogenic role of PPM1D, a protein phosphatase often found truncated in pediatric gliomas such as DIPG, and uncover a synthetic lethal interaction between PPM1D mutations and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition. Specifically, we show that mutant PPM1D drives hypermethylation of CpG islands throughout the genome and promotes epigenetic silencing of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), a key gene involved in NAD biosynthesis. Notably, PPM1D mutant cells are shown to be sensitive to NAMPT inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, within both engineered isogenic astrocytes and primary patient-derived model systems, suggesting the possible application of NAMPT inhibitors for the treatment of pediatric gliomas. Overall, our results reveal a promising approach for the targeting of PPM1D mutant tumors, and define a critical link between oncogenic driver mutations and NAD metabolism, which can be exploited for tumor-specific cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Fons
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gregory A Breuer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Ryan L McLean
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Aravind N Kalathil
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Diana M Carvalho
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Javad Nazarian
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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162
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Brenner C. Why Is Mom Stressed: Homeorhesis as the Potential Problem and Nicotinamide Riboside as the Potential Solution. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519869679. [PMID: 31452603 PMCID: PMC6696832 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519869679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeling of female mammalian physiology to support the development of a fertilized egg into an externally breathing individual and then to provide all the nutrition to this individual while remodeling back to nearly her pregestational state is without parallel in male mammalian physiological transitions. While it is common parlance to refer to postpartum depression as a not infrequent stress in women, the postpartum physiological changes after every birth constitute profound metabolic stresses that are understudied and have important nutritional, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental implications for the maternal and neonatal health of every mammalian species. We discovered that the postpartum liver of a lactating female mouse has a depressed nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolome linked to circulation of higher levels of NAD metabolites in support of a >20-fold increase in NAD coenzymes in the mammary. Furthermore, by supporting a new mother’s apparent higher demand for NAD precursors, we increased circulation of prolactin, superinduced mammary biosynthetic programs, increased her time of arched-back nursing, enhanced mammary production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, promoted postgestational weight loss, advanced the neurobehavioral development of her offspring, and allowed them to mature as stronger and more resilient adults with advantages in hippocampal neurogenesis and body composition. These results show that a new mother’s capacity for biosynthesis and functionally important nurturing is apparently limited by NAD. Here, we discuss homeorhetic flow of resources from a new mother to her offspring in the context of NAD metabolism and suggest avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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163
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Zilliox LA, Russell JW. Physical activity and dietary interventions in diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res 2019; 29:443-455. [PMID: 31076938 PMCID: PMC6697618 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic neuropathy is a common and disabling disorder, and there are currently no proven effective disease-modifying treatments. Physical activity and dietary interventions in patients with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy have multiple beneficial effects and are generally low risk, which makes lifestyle interventions an attractive treatment option. We reviewed the literature on the effects of physical activity and dietary interventions on length-dependent peripheral neuropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. METHODS The electronic database PubMed was systematically searched for original human and mouse model studies examining the effect of either dietary or physical activity interventions in subjects with diabetes, prediabetes, or metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Twenty studies are included in this review. Fourteen studies were human studies and six were in mice. Studies were generally small with few controlled trials, and there are no widely agreed upon outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Recent research indicates that dietary interventions are effective in modifying diabetic neuropathy in animal models, and there are promising data that they may also ameliorate diabetic neuropathy in humans. It has been known for some time that lifestyle interventions can prevent the development of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. However, there is emerging evidence that lifestyle interventions are effective in individuals with established diabetic neuropathy. In addition to the observed clinical value of lifestyle interventions, there is emerging evidence of effects on biochemical pathways that improve muscle function and affect other organ systems, including the peripheral nerve. However, data from randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Zilliox
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 3S-129, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA
- Maryland VA Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 3S-129, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA.
- Maryland VA Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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164
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Identification of evolutionary and kinetic drivers of NAD-dependent signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15957-15966. [PMID: 31341085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902346116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) provides an important link between metabolism and signal transduction and has emerged as central hub between bioenergetics and all major cellular events. NAD-dependent signaling (e.g., by sirtuins and poly-adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerases [PARPs]) consumes considerable amounts of NAD. To maintain physiological functions, NAD consumption and biosynthesis need to be carefully balanced. Using extensive phylogenetic analyses, mathematical modeling of NAD metabolism, and experimental verification, we show that the diversification of NAD-dependent signaling in vertebrates depended on 3 critical evolutionary events: 1) the transition of NAD biosynthesis to exclusive usage of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPT); 2) the occurrence of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which diverts nicotinamide (Nam) from recycling into NAD, preventing Nam accumulation and inhibition of NAD-dependent signaling reactions; and 3) structural adaptation of NamPT, providing an unusually high affinity toward Nam, necessary to maintain NAD levels. Our results reveal an unexpected coevolution and kinetic interplay between NNMT and NamPT that enables extensive NAD signaling. This has implications for therapeutic strategies of NAD supplementation and the use of NNMT or NamPT inhibitors in disease treatment.
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165
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Dall M, Trammell SAJ, Asping M, Hassing AS, Agerholm M, Vienberg SG, Gillum MP, Larsen S, Treebak JT. Mitochondrial function in liver cells is resistant to perturbations in NAD + salvage capacity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13304-13326. [PMID: 31320478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with NAD precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function in the liver and to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rodents. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of the NAD+-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reduces liver NAD+ levels, but the metabolic phenotype of Nampt-deficient hepatocytes in mice is unknown. Here, we assessed Nampt's role in maintaining mitochondrial and metabolic functions in the mouse liver. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated hepatocyte-specific Nampt knockout (HNKO) mice, having a 50% reduction of liver NAD+ levels. We screened the HNKO mice for signs of metabolic dysfunction following 60% HFD feeding for 20 weeks ± NR supplementation and found that NR increases hepatic NAD+ levels without affecting fat mass or glucose tolerance in HNKO or WT animals. High-resolution respirometry revealed that NR supplementation of the HNKO mice did not increase state III respiration, which was observed in WT mice following NR supplementation. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and fatty-acid oxidation were unaltered in primary HNKO hepatocytes. Mitochondria isolated from whole-HNKO livers had only a 20% reduction in NAD+, suggesting that the mitochondrial NAD+ pool is less affected by HNKO than the whole-tissue pool. When stimulated with tryptophan in the presence of [15N]glutamine, HNKO hepatocytes had a higher [15N]NAD+ enrichment than WT hepatocytes, indicating that HNKO mice compensate through de novo NAD+ synthesis. We conclude that NAMPT-deficient hepatocytes can maintain substantial NAD+ levels and that the Nampt knockout has only minor consequences for mitochondrial function in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Asping
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara G Vienberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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166
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Hikosaka K, Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. Implications of NAD metabolism in pathophysiology and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:371-383. [PMID: 31280708 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1637504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme that mediates various redox reactions. Particularly, mitochondrial NAD plays a critical role in energy production pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. NAD also serves as a substrate for ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of NAD metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and retinal degenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered crucial pathogenesis for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. Maintaining appropriate NAD levels is important for mitochondrial function. Indeed, decreased NAD levels are observed in AD and PD, and supplementation of NAD precursors ameliorates disease phenotypes by activating mitochondrial functions. NAD metabolism also plays an important role in axonal degeneration, a characteristic feature of peripheral neuropathy and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, dysregulated NAD metabolism is implicated in retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and Leber congenital amaurosis, and NAD metabolism is considered a therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the involvement of NAD metabolism in axon degeneration and various neurodegenerative diseases and discuss perspectives of nutritional intervention using NAD precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hikosaka
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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167
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Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9772. [PMID: 31278280 PMCID: PMC6611812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a newly discovered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor vitamin. A crystal form of NR chloride termed NIAGEN is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods and the subject of two New Dietary Ingredient Notifications for use in dietary supplements. To evaluate the kinetics and dose-dependency of NR oral availability and safety in overweight, but otherwise healthy men and women, an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Consumption of 100, 300 and 1000 mg NR dose-dependently and significantly increased whole blood NAD+ (i.e., 22%, 51% and 142%) and other NAD+ metabolites within 2 weeks. The increases were maintained throughout the remainder of the study. There were no reports of flushing and no significant differences in adverse events between the NR and placebo-treated groups or between groups at different NR doses. NR also did not elevate low density lipoprotein cholesterol or dysregulate 1-carbon metabolism. Together these data support the development of a tolerable upper intake limit for NR based on human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Conze
- Chromadex Spherix Consulting, 11821 Parklawn Drive, Suite 310, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, 4-403 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
| | - Claire L Kruger
- Chromadex Spherix Consulting, 11821 Parklawn Drive, Suite 310, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States.
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168
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Chandrasekaran K, Anjaneyulu M, Choi J, Kumar P, Salimian M, Ho CY, Russell JW. Role of mitochondria in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Influencing the NAD +-dependent SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 145:177-209. [PMID: 31208524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Survival of human peripheral nervous system neurons and associated distal axons is highly dependent on energy. Diabetes invokes a maladaptation in glucose and lipid energy metabolism in adult sensory neurons, axons and Schwann cells. Mitochondrial (Mt) dysfunction has been implicated as an etiological factor in failure of energy homeostasis that results in a low intrinsic aerobic capacity within the neuron. Over time, this energy failure can lead to neuronal and axonal degeneration and results in increased oxidative injury in the neuron and axon. One of the key pathways that is impaired in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the energy sensing pathway comprising the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α)/Mt transcription factor A (TFAM or mtTFA) signaling pathway. Knockout of PGC-1α exacerbates DPN, whereas overexpression of human TFAM is protective. LY379268, a selective metabolomic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) receptor agonist, also upregulates the SIRT1/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway and prevents DPN through glutamate recycling in Schwann/satellite glial (SG) cells and by improving dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal Mt function. Furthermore, administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a precursor of NAD+, prevents and reverses DPN, in part by increasing NAD+ levels and SIRT1 activity. In summary, we review the role of NAD+, mitochondria and the SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway both from the perspective of pathogenesis and therapy in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muragundla Anjaneyulu
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Preclinical Division, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Joungil Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pranith Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Salimian
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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169
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Song J, Yang X, Yan LJ. Role of pseudohypoxia in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. HYPOXIA 2019; 7:33-40. [PMID: 31240235 PMCID: PMC6560198 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s202775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by persistent high blood glucose, which is known as diabetic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemic situation, when not controlled, can overproduce NADH and lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), thereby creating NADH/NAD redox imbalance and leading to cellular pseudohypoxia. In this review, we discussed two major enzymatic systems that are activated by diabetic hyperglycemia and are involved in creation of this pseudohypoxic condition. One system is aldose reductase in the polyol pathway, and the other is poly (ADP ribose) polymerase. While aldose reductase drives overproduction of NADH, PARP could in contrast deplete NAD. Therefore, activation of the two pathways underlies the major mechanisms of NADH/NAD redox imbalance and diabetic pseudohypoxia. Consequently, reductive stress occurs, followed by oxidative stress and eventual cell death and tissue dysfunction. Additionally, fructose formed in the polyol pathway can also cause metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, pseudohypoxia can also lower sirtuin protein contents and induce protein acetylation which can impair protein function. Finally, we discussed the possibility of using nicotinamide riboside, an NAD precursor, as a promising therapeutic agent for restoring NADH/NAD redox balance and for preventing the occurrence of diabetic pseudohypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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170
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Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA), presented by Denham Harman in 1950s, proposed that aerobic organisms age due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radical induced damage that accumulates in cells over time. Since antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by electron donation, the most logical approach was to use them as supplements in order to prevent ageing. In this chapter, we will discuss the inability of antioxidant supplementation to improve health and longevity.Although many antioxidants are efficient free radical quenchers in vitro, their in vivo effects are less clear. Recent evidence from human trials implies that antioxidant supplements do not increase lifespan and can even increase the incidence of diseases. Synthetic antioxidants were unable to consistently prevent ROS-induced damage in vivo, possibly as dietary antioxidants may not act only as ROS scavengers. Antioxidants can have dichotomous roles on ROS production. They are easily oxidized and can act as oxidants to induce damage when present in large concentrations. In appropriate amounts, they can modulate cellular metabolism by induction of cell stress responses and/or activate cell damage repair and maintenance systems. Therefore, the antioxidants' beneficial role may be reversed/prevented by excessive amounts of antioxidant supplements. On the other hand, ROS are also involved in many important physiological processes in humans, such as induction of stress responses, pathogen defence, and systemic signalling. Thus, both "anti-oxidative or reductive stress" (the excess of antioxidants) as well as oxidative stress (the excess of ROS) can be damaging and contribute to the ageing processes.
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171
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Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Farkas E, Baur JA, Ungvari Z. Role of endothelial NAD + deficiency in age-related vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1253-H1266. [PMID: 30875255 PMCID: PMC6620681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in endothelium and the resulting vascular dysfunction critically contribute to a range of pathological conditions associated with old age. To develop therapies rationally that improve vascular health and thereby increase health span and life span in older adults, it will be essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to vascular aging. Preclinical studies in model organisms demonstrate that NAD+ availability decreases with age in multiple tissues and that supplemental NAD+ precursors can ameliorate many age-related cellular impairments. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of NAD+-dependent pathways [including the NAD+-using silent information regulator-2-like enzymes and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes] and the potential consequences of endothelial NAD+ deficiency in vascular aging. The multifaceted vasoprotective effects of treatments that reverse the age-related decline in cellular NAD+ levels, as well as their potential limitations, are discussed. The preventive and therapeutic potential of NAD+ intermediates as effective, clinically relevant interventions in older adults at risk for ischemic heart disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and other common geriatric conditions and diseases that involve vascular pathologies (e.g., sarcopenia, frailty) are critically discussed. We propose that NAD+ precursors [e.g., nicotinamide (Nam) riboside, Nam mononucleotide, niacin] should be considered as critical components of combination therapies to slow the vascular aging process and increase cardiovascular health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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172
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Lautrup S, Lou G, Aman Y, Nilsen H, Tao J, Fang EF. Microglial mitophagy mitigates neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104469. [PMID: 31100304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, defective mitophagy results in accumulation of damaged mitochondria, and finally leading to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how mitophagy is defective in AD as well as how defective mitophagy contributes to AD is not fully understood. We give commentary on recent progress of this topic, highlighting the importance of mitophagy not only in neurons, but also in microglia, in forestalling pathology and cognitive decline in different animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Lautrup
- EpiGen, Akershus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Guofeng Lou
- EpiGen, Akershus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yahyah Aman
- EpiGen, Akershus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- EpiGen, Akershus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Evandro F Fang
- EpiGen, Akershus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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173
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Okabe K, Yaku K, Tobe K, Nakagawa T. Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:34. [PMID: 31078136 PMCID: PMC6511662 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that participates in various energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, it is a required cofactor for post-translational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response through these enzymes. Numerous studies have shown that NAD levels decrease with aging and under disturbed nutrient conditions, such as obesity. Additionally, a decline in NAD levels is closely related to the development of various metabolic disorders, including diabetes and fatty liver disease. In addition, many studies have revealed that administration of NAD precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), efficiently increase NAD levels in various tissues and prevent such metabolic diseases. These NAD precursors are contained in natural foods, such as cow milk, vegetables, and meats. Therefore, altered NAD metabolism can be a practical target for nutritional intervention. Recently, several human clinical trials using NAD precursors have been conducted to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy against metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the implications of NAD metabolism in metabolic diseases and discuss the outcomes of recent human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
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174
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Romani M, Hofer DC, Katsyuba E, Auwerx J. Niacin: an old lipid drug in a new NAD + dress. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:741-746. [PMID: 30782960 PMCID: PMC6446705 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s092007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin, the first antidyslipidemic drug, has been at the center stage of lipid research for many decades before the discovery of statins. However, to date, despite its remarkable effects on lipid profiles, the clinical outcomes of niacin treatment on cardiac events is still debated. In addition to its historically well-defined interactions with central players of lipid metabolism, niacin can be processed by eukaryotic cells to synthesize a crucial cofactor, NAD+ NAD+ acts as a cofactor in key cellular processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and DNA repair. More recently, evidence has emerged that NAD+ also is an essential cosubstrate for the sirtuin family of protein deacylases and thereby has an impact on a wide range of cellular processes, most notably mitochondrial homeostasis, energy homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. NAD+ achieves these remarkable effects through sirtuin-mediated deacetylation of key transcriptional regulators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α, LXR, and SREBPs, that control these cellular processes. Here, we present an alternative point of view to explain niacin's mechanism of action, with a strong focus on the importance of how this old drug acts as a control switch of NAD+/sirtuin-mediated control of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Romani
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dina Carina Hofer
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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175
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Redeuil K, Vulcano J, Prencipe FP, Bénet S, Campos-Giménez E, Meschiari M. First quantification of nicotinamide riboside with B 3 vitamers and coenzymes secreted in human milk by liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:74-80. [PMID: 30785080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvie Bénet
- Nestlé Research, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne, Switzerland
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176
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Acute nicotinamide riboside supplementation improves redox homeostasis and exercise performance in old individuals: a double-blind cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:505-515. [PMID: 30725213 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Older individuals suffer from low NADH levels. We have previously shown that nicotinamide riboside [NR; a NAD(P)(H) precursor] administration impaired exercise performance in young rats. It has been suggested that supplementation of redox agents exerts ergogenic effect only in deficient individuals. We hypothesized that old individuals would more likely benefit from NR supplementation. We investigated the effect of acute NR supplementation on redox homeostasis and physical performance in young and old individuals. METHODS Twelve young and twelve old men received NR or placebo in a double-blind cross-over design. Before and 2 h after NR or placebo supplementation, blood and urine samples were collected, while physical performance (VO2max, muscle strength, and fatigue) was assessed after the second blood sample collection. RESULTS At rest, old individuals exhibited lower erythrocyte NAD(P)H levels, higher urine F2-isoprostanes and lower erythrocyte glutathione levels compared to young (P < 0.05). NR supplementation increased NADH (51% young; 59% old) and NADPH (32% young; 38% old) levels in both groups (P < 0.05), decreased F2-isoprostanes by 18% (P < 0.05), and tended to increase glutathione (P = 0.078) only in the old. NR supplementation did not affect VO2max and concentric peak torque, but improved isometric peak torque by 8% (P = 0.048) and the fatigue index by 15% (P = 0.012) in the old. In contrast, NR supplementation did not exert any redox or physiological effect in the young. CONCLUSIONS NR supplementation increased NAD(P)H levels, decreased oxidative stress, and improved physical performance only in old subjects, substantiating that redox supplementation may be beneficial only in individuals with antioxidant deficiencies.
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177
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Keeping the balance in NAD metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:119-130. [PMID: 30626706 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research over the last few decades has extended our understanding of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from a vital redox carrier to an important signalling molecule that is involved in the regulation of a multitude of fundamental cellular processes. This includes DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, gene expression and calcium signalling, in which NAD is a substrate for several families of regulatory proteins, such as sirtuins and ADP-ribosyltransferases. At the molecular level, NAD-dependent signalling events differ from hydride transfer by cleavage of the dinucleotide into an ADP-ribosyl moiety and nicotinamide. Therefore, non-redox functions of NAD require continuous biosynthesis of the dinucleotide. Maintenance of cellular NAD levels is mainly achieved by nicotinamide salvage, yet a variety of other precursors can be used to sustain cellular NAD levels via different biosynthetic routes. Biosynthesis and consumption of NAD are compartmentalised at the subcellular level, and currently little is known about the generation and role of some of these subcellular NAD pools. Impaired biosynthesis or increased NAD consumption is deleterious and associated with ageing and several pathologies. Insults to neurons lead to depletion of axonal NAD and rapid degeneration, partial rescue can be achieved pharmacologically by administration of specific NAD precursors. Restoring NAD levels by stimulating biosynthesis or through supplementation with precursors also produces beneficial therapeutic effects in several disease models. In this review, we will briefly discuss the most recent achievements and the challenges ahead in this diverse research field.
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178
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Lee HJ, Yang SJ. Nicotinamide riboside regulates inflammation and mitochondrial markers in AML12 hepatocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 13:3-10. [PMID: 30788050 PMCID: PMC6369115 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a type of vitamin B3 found in cow's milk and yeast-containing food products such as beer. Recent studies suggested that NR prevents hearing loss, high-fat diet-induced obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondrial myopathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NR on inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS A subset of hepatocytes was treated with palmitic acid (PA; 250 µM) for 48 h to induce hepatocyte steatosis. The hepatocytes were treated with NR (10 µM and 10 mM) for 24 h with and without PA. The cell viability and the levels of sirtuins, inflammatory markers, and mitochondrial markers were analyzed. RESULTS Cytotoxicity of NR was examined by PrestoBlue assay. Exposure to NR had no effect on cell viability or morphology. Gene expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirt3 was significantly upregulated by NR in PA-treated hepatocytes. However, Sirt1 activities were increased in hepatocytes treated with low-dose NR. Hepatic pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were decreased in NR-treated cells. NR upregulated anti-inflammatory molecule adiponectin, and, tended to down-regulate hepatokine fetuin-A in PA-treated hepatocytes, suggesting its inverse regulation on these cytokines. NR increased levels of mitochondrial markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, uncoupling protein 2, transcription factor A, mitochondrial and mitochondrial DNA in PA-treated hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that NR attenuated hepatic inflammation and increased levels of mitochondrial markers in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
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179
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Solovjeva LV, Panchenko AV, Shabalin KA, Nerinovski KB, Yakimov AP, Gubareva EA, Svetlova MP, Mudrak OS, Khodorkovskiy MA, Nikiforov AA, Kulikova VA. Analysis of NAD and NAD-Dependent Protein Deacetylation in Mouse Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x18060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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180
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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181
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Toropova YG, Pechnikova NA, Zelinskaya IA, Zhuravsky SG, Kornyushin OV, Gonchar AI, Ivkin DY, Leonova YV, Karev VE, Karabak IA. Nicotinamide riboside has protective effects in a rat model of mesenteric ischaemia-reperfusion. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:304-311. [PMID: 30793416 PMCID: PMC6384503 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischaemia is a syndrome caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in ischaemia and eventual gangrene of the bowel wall. Although relatively rare, it is a potentially life-threatening condition. The maintenance of haemodynamic stability, along with adequate oxygen saturation, and the correction of any electrolyte imbalance, are of the utmost importance. However, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis modulation by precursor introduction can also be a powerful tool for preventing injury. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to NAD+ . The present study investigated nicotinamide riboside's effect on endothelium functional state, microcirculation and intestinal morphology in acute mesenteric ischaemia and reperfusion. Mesenteric ischaemia was simulated after the adaptation period (15 minutes) by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes, followed by a reperfusion period of 30 minutes. The functional state of intestinal microcirculation was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Endothelial functional activity was studied by using wire myography. Intestinal samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. The results revealed that nicotinamide riboside protects the intestinal wall from ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as well as improving the relaxation function of mesenteric vessels. Nicotinamide riboside's protective effect in small intestine ischaemia-reperfusion can be used to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as well as to preserve intestinal grafts until transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana G. Toropova
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Nadezdha A. Pechnikova
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Saint‐Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Zoological InstituteRussian Academy of SciencesUniversitetskaya Embankment 1Saint Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Irina A. Zelinskaya
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Saint‐Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and OpticsSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Sergey G. Zhuravsky
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Research Institute of Influenza Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Oleg V. Kornyushin
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Alina I. Gonchar
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Dmitry Y. Ivkin
- Saint‐Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Yulia V. Leonova
- V.A. Almazov National North‐West Medical Research CenterMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Research Institute of Influenza Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Vadim E. Karev
- Children's Scientific and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases Federal Medical and Biological AgencySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Irina A. Karabak
- Children's Scientific and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases Federal Medical and Biological AgencySaint‐PetersburgRussia
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182
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Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:1-17. [PMID: 29883761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
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183
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Liu HW, Smith CB, Schmidt MS, Cambronne XA, Cohen MS, Migaud ME, Brenner C, Goodman RH. Pharmacological bypass of NAD + salvage pathway protects neurons from chemotherapy-induced degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10654-10659. [PMID: 30257945 PMCID: PMC6196523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809392115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration, a hallmark of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), is thought to be caused by a loss of the essential metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the prodegenerative protein SARM1. Some studies challenge this notion, however, and suggest that an aberrant increase in a direct precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), rather than loss of NAD+, is responsible. In support of this idea, blocking NMN accumulation in neurons by expressing a bacterial NMN deamidase protected axons from degeneration. We hypothesized that protection could similarly be achieved by reducing NMN production pharmacologically. To achieve this, we took advantage of an alternative pathway for NAD+ generation that goes through the intermediate nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), rather than NMN. We discovered that nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), a precursor of NAMN, administered in combination with FK866, an inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase that produces NMN, protected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons against vincristine-induced degeneration as well as NMN deamidase. Introducing a different bacterial enzyme that converts NAMN to NMN reversed this protection. Collectively, our data indicate that maintaining NAD+ is not sufficient to protect DRG neurons from vincristine-induced axon degeneration, and elevating NMN, by itself, is not sufficient to cause degeneration. Nonetheless, the combination of FK866 and NAR, which bypasses NMN formation, may provide a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Liu
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Chadwick B Smith
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 55242
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 33604
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 55242;
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239;
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184
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Abstract
The concept of replenishing or elevating NAD+ availability to combat metabolic disease and ageing is an area of intense research. This has led to a need to define the endogenous regulatory pathways and mechanisms cells and tissues utilise to maximise NAD+ availability such that strategies to intervene in the clinical setting are able to be fully realised. This review discusses the importance of different salvage pathways involved in metabolising the vitamin B3 class of NAD+ precursor molecules, with a particular focus on the recently identified nicotinamide riboside kinase pathway at both a tissue-specific and systemic level.
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185
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Kulikova VA, Gromyko DV, Nikiforov AA. The Regulatory Role of NAD in Human and Animal Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:800-812. [PMID: 30200865 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918070040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated form NADP are the major coenzymes in the redox reactions of various essential metabolic pathways. NAD+ also serves as a substrate for several families of regulatory proteins, such as protein deacetylases (sirtuins), ADP-ribosyltransferases, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, that control vital cell processes including gene expression, DNA repair, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, unfolded protein response, and many others. NAD+ is also a precursor for calcium-mobilizing secondary messengers. Proper regulation of these NAD-dependent metabolic and signaling pathways depends on how efficiently cells can maintain their NAD levels. Generally, mammalian cells regulate their NAD supply through biosynthesis from the precursors delivered with the diet: nicotinamide and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), as well as nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside. Administration of NAD precursors has been demonstrated to restore NAD levels in tissues (i.e., to produce beneficial therapeutic effects) in preclinical models of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - D V Gromyko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
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186
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Fan R, Cui J, Ren F, Wang Q, Huang Y, Zhao B, Wei L, Qian X, Xiong X. Overexpression of NRK1 ameliorates diet- and age-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:476-483. [PMID: 29678570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ is a co-enzyme in redox reactions and a substrate required for activity of various enzyme families, including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Dietary supplementation of NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR) protects against metabolic disease, neurodegenerative disorders and age-related physiological decline in mammals. Here we sought to identify the roles of nicotinamide riboside kinase 1 (NRK1) plays in regulating hepatic NAD+ biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. Using adenovirus mediated gene transduction to overexpress or knockdown NRK1 in mouse liver, we have demonstrated that NRK1 is critical for maintaining hepatic NAD+ levels and triglyceride content. We have further shown that the hepatic expression of Nmrk1 mRNA is significantly decreased either in mice treated with high-fat diet or in aged mice. However, adenoviral delivery of NRK1 in these diet- and age-induced mice elevates hepatic NAD+ levels, reduces hepatic steatosis, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Our results provide important insights in targeting NRK1 for treating hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Feng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lai Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinlai Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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187
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Dall M, Penke M, Sulek K, Matz-Soja M, Holst B, Garten A, Kiess W, Treebak JT. Hepatic NAD + levels and NAMPT abundance are unaffected during prolonged high-fat diet consumption in C57BL/6JBomTac mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:245-256. [PMID: 29408602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors has been suggested as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. In the liver, NAD+ is primarily generated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and hepatic levels of NAMPT and NAD+ have been reported to be dependent on age and body composition. The aim of the present study was to identify time course-dependent changes in hepatic NAD content and NAD+ salvage capacity in mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). We fed 7-week-old C57BL/6JBomTac male mice either regular chow or a 60% HFD for 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks, and we evaluated time course-dependent changes in whole body metabolism, liver steatosis, and abundance of hepatic NAD-associated metabolites and enzymes. Mice fed a 60% HFD rapidly accumulated fat and hepatic triglycerides with associated changes in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and a disruption of the circadian feeding pattern. The HFD did not alter hepatic NAD+ levels, but caused a decrease in NADP+ and NADPH levels. Decreased NADP+ content was not accompanied by alterations in NAD kinase (NADK) abundance in HFD-fed mice, but NADK levels increased with age regardless of diet. NAMPT protein abundance did not change with age or diet. HFD consumption caused a severe decrease in protein lysine malonylation after six weeks, which persisted throughout the experiment. This decrease was not associated with changes in SIRT5 abundance. In conclusion, hepatic NAD+ salvage capacity is resistant to long-term HFD feeding, and hepatic lipid accumulation does not compromise the hepatic NAD+ pool in HFD-challenged C57BL/6JBomTac male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Penke
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Department for Women and Child Health, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Receptology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Department for Women and Child Health, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College for Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Department for Women and Child Health, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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189
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Kourtzidis IA, Dolopikou CF, Tsiftsis AN, Margaritelis NV, Theodorou AA, Zervos IA, Tsantarliotou MP, Veskoukis AS, Vrabas IS, Paschalis V, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation dysregulates redox and energy metabolism in rats: Implications for exercise performance. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1357-1366. [PMID: 30007015 DOI: 10.1113/ep086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the potential metabolic and redox mechanisms that impaired exercise performance after 21 days of supplementation with 300 mg (kg body weight)-1 of nicotinamide riboside in rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Nicotinamide riboside disturbed energy and redox metabolism and impaired exercise performance in heathy rats. Exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects. ABSTRACT Nicotinamide riboside is a recently discovered form of vitamin B3 that can increase NAD(P) levels. NAD(P) plays key roles in energy metabolism, and its main function is the transfer of electrons in various cellular reactions. Research in aged or diseased mice reported that nicotinamide riboside increases NAD(H) levels, reduces morbidity and improves health and muscle function. We have recently shown that in healthy young rats, chronic administration of nicotinamide riboside marginally non-significantly decreased exercise performance by 35% (P = 0.071). As a follow-up to this finding, we analysed samples from these animals, in an attempt to reveal the potential mechanisms driving this adverse effect, focusing on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics. Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 9), nicotinamide riboside (n = 10) and exercise plus nicotinamide riboside (n = 9). Nicotinamide riboside was administered for 21 days [300 mg (kg body weight)-1 daily]. At the end of administration, the exercise and the exercise plus nicotinamide riboside groups performed an incremental swimming performance test until exhaustion. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation increased the levels of NADPH in the liver (P = 0.050), increased the levels of F2 -isoprostanes in plasma (P = 0.047), decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.017), glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) and catalase (P = 0.024) in erythrocytes, increased the level of glycogen in the liver (P < 0.001) and decreased the concentration of glucose (P = 0.016) and maximal lactate accumulation in plasma (P = 0.084). These findings support the prevailing idea that exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects and not necessarily to beneficial or neutral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Kourtzidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - C F Dolopikou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - A N Tsiftsis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N V Margaritelis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I A Zervos
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M P Tsantarliotou
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A S Veskoukis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - I S Vrabas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - V Paschalis
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kyparos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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190
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Gano LB, Liang LP, Ryan K, Michel CR, Gomez J, Vassilopoulos A, Reisdorph N, Fritz KS, Patel M. Altered mitochondrial acetylation profiles in a kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:116-124. [PMID: 29778462 PMCID: PMC6082368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bioenergetics and oxidative damage in the mitochondria are implicated in the etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy, and hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins has recently emerged as a critical negative regulator of mitochondrial functions. However, the roles of mitochondrial acetylation and activity of the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3, have not been explored in acquired epilepsy. We investigated changes in mitochondrial acetylation and SIRT3 activity in the development of chronic epilepsy in the kainic acid rat model of TLE. Hippocampal measurements were made at 48 h, 1 week and 12 weeks corresponding to the acute, latent and chronic stages of epileptogenesis. Assessment of hippocampal bioenergetics demonstrated a ≥ 27% decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio at all phases of epileptogenesis (p < 0.05), whereas cellular NAD+ levels were decreased by ≥ 41% in the acute and latent time points (p < 0.05), but not in chronically epileptic rats. In spontaneously epileptic rats, we found decreased protein expression of SIRT3 and a 60% increase in global mitochondrial acetylation, as well as enhanced acetylation of the known SIRT3 substrates MnSOD, Ndufa9 of Complex I and IDH2 (all p < 0.05), suggesting SIRT3 dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. Mass spectrometry-based acetylomics investigation of hippocampal mitochondria demonstrated a 79% increase in unique acetylated proteins from rats in the chronic phase vs. controls. Pathway analysis identified numerous mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways affected by mitochondrial acetylation. These results suggest SIRT3 dysfunction and aberrant protein acetylation may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Gano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Ryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joe Gomez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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191
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Dollerup OL, Christensen B, Svart M, Schmidt MS, Sulek K, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller N, Brenner C, Treebak JT, Jessen N. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:343-353. [PMID: 29992272 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal studies suggest a positive role for nicotinamide riboside (NR) on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. NR, an NAD+ precursor, is a member of the vitamin B-3 family now available as an over-the-counter supplement. Although data from preclinical trials appear consistent, potential effects and safety need to be evaluated in human clinical trials. Objective The aim of this study was to test the safety of dietary NR supplementation over a 12-wk period and potential to improve insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in obese, insulin-resistant men. Design In an investigator-initiated randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group designed clinical trial, forty healthy, sedentary men with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, age-range 40-70 y were randomly assigned to 12 wk of NR (1000 mg twice daily) or placebo. We determined the effects of NR supplementation on insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and substrate metabolism by indirect calorimetry and labeled substrates of tritiated glucose and palmitate. Body composition and fat mass distribution were determined by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and MRI scans, and measurements of intrahepatic lipid content were obtained by MR spectroscopy. Results Insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, and glucose disposal and oxidation were not improved by NR supplementation. Similarly, NR supplementation had no effect on resting energy expenditure, lipolysis, oxidation of lipids, or body composition. No serious adverse events due to NR supplementation were observed and safety blood tests were normal. Conclusion 12 wk of NR supplementation in doses of 2000 mg/d appears safe, but does not improve insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism in obese, insulin-resistant men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02303483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine
| | - Britt Christensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine
| | - Mads Svart
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine.,Department of Endocrinology
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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192
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da Rosa CVD, de Campos JM, de Sá Nakanishi AB, Comar JF, Martins IP, Mathias PCDF, Pedrosa MMD, de Godoi VAF, Natali MRM. Food restriction promotes damage reduction in rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199479. [PMID: 29924854 PMCID: PMC6010257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus induction but the comparison between models is scarce. Food restriction generates benefits, such as reducing oxidative stress, but there are few studies on its effects on diabetes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in physiological and biochemical parameters between diabetes models and their responses to food restriction. For this, 30 male Wistar rats were distributed in 3 groups (n = 10/group): control (C); diabetes with streptozotocin and cafeteria-style diet (DE); and diabetes with streptozotocin and nicotinamide (DN), all treated for two months (pre-food restriction period). Then, the 3 groups were subdivided into 6, generating the groups CC (control), CCR (control+food restriction), DEC (diabetic+standard diet), DER (diabetic+food restriction), DNC (diabetic+standard diet) and DNR (diabetic+food restriction), treated for an additional two months (food restriction period). The food restriction (FR) used was 50% of the average daily dietary intake of group C. Throughout the treatment, physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. At the end of the treatment, serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and insulin were evaluated. Both diabetic models produced hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polydipsia, insulin resistance, high fructosamine, hepatic damage and reduced insulin, although only DE presented human diabetes-like alterations, such as dyslipidemia and neuropathy symptoms. Both DEC and DNC diabetic groups presented higher levels of protein carbonyl groups associated to lower antioxidant capacity in the plasma. FR promoted improvement of glycemia in DNR, lipid profile in DER, and insulin resistance and hepatic damage in both diabetes models. FR also reduced the protein carbonyl groups of both DER and DNR diabetic groups, but the antioxidant capacity was improved only in the plasma of DER group. It is concluded that FR is beneficial for diabetes but should be used in conjunction with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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193
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Purhonen J, Rajendran J, Tegelberg S, Smolander OP, Pirinen E, Kallijärvi J, Fellman V. NAD + repletion produces no therapeutic effect in mice with respiratory chain complex III deficiency and chronic energy deprivation. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800090R. [PMID: 29782205 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic precursors of NAD+ can replenish a decreased cellular NAD+ pool and, supposedly via sirtuin (SIRT) deacetylases, improve mitochondrial function. We found decreased hepatic NAD+ concentration and downregulated biosynthesis in Bcs1lp.S78G knock-in mice with respiratory chain complex III deficiency and mitochondrial hepatopathy. Aiming at ameliorating disease progression via NAD+ repletion and improved mitochondrial function, we fed these mice nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor. A targeted metabolomics verified successful administration and suggested enhanced NAD+ biosynthesis in the treated mice, although hepatic NAD+ concentration was unchanged at the end point. In contrast to our expectations, NR did not improve the hepatopathy, hepatic mitochondrial respiration, or survival of Bcs1lp.S78G mice. We linked this lack of therapeutic effect to NAD+-independent activation of SIRT-1 and -3 via AMPK and cAMP signaling related to the starvation-like metabolic state of Bcs1lp.S78G mice. In summary, we describe an unusual metabolic state with NAD+ depletion accompanied by energy deprivation signals, uncompromised SIRT function, and upregulated oxidative metabolism. Our study highlights that the knowledge of the underlying complex metabolic alterations is critical when designing therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction.-Purhonen, J., Rajendran, J., Tegelberg, S., Smolander, O.-P., Pirinen, E., Kallijärvi, J., Fellman, V. NAD+ repletion produces no therapeutic effect in mice with respiratory chain complex III deficiency and chronic energy deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jayasimman Rajendran
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Tegelberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Eija Pirinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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194
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Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30% glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. AR reduces glucose to sorbitol at the expense of NADPH, while sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose at the expense of NAD+, leading to NADH production. Consumption of NADPH, accumulation of sorbitol, and generation of fructose and NADH have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In this review, the roles of this pathway in NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance stress and oxidative stress in diabetes are highlighted. A potential intervention using nicotinamide riboside to restore redox balance as an approach to fighting diabetes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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195
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Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, Chonchol M, Seals DR. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD + in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1286. [PMID: 29599478 PMCID: PMC5876407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a critical co-substrate for enzymes involved in the beneficial effects of regular calorie restriction on healthspan. As such, the use of NAD+ precursors to augment NAD+ bioavailability has been proposed as a strategy for improving cardiovascular and other physiological functions with aging in humans. Here we provide the evidence in a 2 × 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial that chronic supplementation with the NAD+ precursor vitamin, nicotinamide riboside (NR), is well tolerated and effectively stimulates NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Our results also provide initial insight into the effects of chronic NR supplementation on physiological function in humans, and suggest that, in particular, future clinical trials should further assess the potential benefits of NR for reducing blood pressure and arterial stiffness in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Martens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Blair A Denman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Melissa R Mazzo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael L Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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196
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Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. Simultaneous measurement of NAD metabolome in aged mice tissue using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4205. [PMID: 29424941 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a major co-factor that mediates multiple biological processes including redox reaction and gene expression. Recently, NAD metabolism has received considerable attention because administration of NAD precursors exhibited beneficial effects against aging-related metabolic disorders in animals. Although numerous studies have reported that NAD levels decline with aging in multiple animal tissues, the pathway and kinetics of NAD metabolism in aged organs are not completely understood. To determine the NAD metabolism upon aging, we developed targeted metabolomics based on an LC/MS/MS system. Our method is simple and applicable to crude biological samples, including culture cells and animal tissues. Unlike a conventional enzymatic cycling assay, our approach can determine NAD and NADH (reduced form of NAD) by performing a single sample preparation. Further, we validated our method using biological samples and investigated the alteration of the NAD metabolome during aging. Consistent with previous reports, the NAD levels in the liver and skeletal muscle decreased with aging. Further, we detected a significant increase in nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside in the kidney upon aging. The LC/MS/MS-based NAD metabolomics that we have developed is extensively applicable to biomedical studies, and the results will present innovative ideas for the aging studies, especially for that of NAD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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197
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Mitchell SJ, Bernier M, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Kim EY, Fang EF, Palacios HH, Ali A, Navas-Enamorado I, Di Francesco A, Kaiser TA, Waltz TB, Zhang N, Ellis JL, Elliott PJ, Frederick DW, Bohr VA, Schmidt MS, Brenner C, Sinclair DA, Sauve AA, Baur JA, de Cabo R. Nicotinamide Improves Aspects of Healthspan, but Not Lifespan, in Mice. Cell Metab 2018; 27. [PMID: 29514072 PMCID: PMC5854409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role in longevity and healthspan of nicotinamide (NAM), the physiological precursor of NAD+, is elusive. Here, we report that chronic NAM supplementation improves healthspan measures in mice without extending lifespan. Untargeted metabolite profiling of the liver and metabolic flux analysis of liver-derived cells revealed NAM-mediated improvement in glucose homeostasis in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) that was associated with reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation concomitant with increased glycogen deposition and flux through the pentose phosphate and glycolytic pathways. Targeted NAD metabolome analysis in liver revealed depressed expression of NAM salvage in NAM-treated mice, an effect counteracted by higher expression of de novo NAD biosynthetic enzymes. Although neither hepatic NAD+ nor NADP+ was boosted by NAM, acetylation of some SIRT1 targets was enhanced by NAM supplementation in a diet- and NAM dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results show health improvement in NAM-supplemented HFD-fed mice in the absence of survival effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mitchell
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hector H Palacios
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tamzin A Kaiser
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tyler B Waltz
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James L Ellis
- Sirtris, a GSK Company, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter J Elliott
- Sirtris, a GSK Company, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David W Frederick
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Glenn Labs for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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198
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Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI. NAD + Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab 2018; 27:513-528. [PMID: 29249689 PMCID: PMC5842119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on the biology of NAD+ has been gaining momentum, providing many critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-associated functional decline and diseases. In particular, two key NAD+ intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), have been extensively studied over the past several years. Supplementing these NAD+ intermediates has shown preventive and therapeutic effects, ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies and disease conditions. Although the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fates of NMN and NR are still under intensive investigation, these NAD+ intermediates can exhibit distinct behavior, and their fates appear to depend on the tissue distribution and expression levels of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, nucleotidases, and presumptive transporters for each. A comprehensive concept that connects NAD+ metabolism to the control of aging and longevity in mammals has been proposed, and the stage is now set to test whether these exciting preclinical results can be translated to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-114 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine (Joint), Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Project for Elucidating and Controlling Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity, Tokyo, Japan.
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199
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Fangmann D, Theismann EM, Türk K, Schulte DM, Relling I, Hartmann K, Keppler JK, Knipp JR, Rehman A, Heinsen FA, Franke A, Lenk L, Freitag-Wolf S, Appel E, Gorb S, Brenner C, Seegert D, Waetzig GH, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Schwarz K, Laudes M. Targeted Microbiome Intervention by Microencapsulated Delayed-Release Niacin Beneficially Affects Insulin Sensitivity in Humans. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:398-405. [PMID: 29212824 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota represent a potential novel target for future prediabetes and type 2 diabetes therapies. In that respect, niacin has been shown to beneficially affect the host-microbiome interaction in rodent models. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We characterized more than 500 human subjects with different metabolic phenotypes regarding their niacin (nicotinic acid [NA] and nicotinamide [NAM]) status and their gut microbiome. In addition, NA and NAM delayed-release microcapsules were engineered and examined in vitro and in vivo in two human intervention studies (bioavailability study and proof-of-concept/safety study). RESULTS We found a reduced α-diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance in the microbiome of obese human subjects associated with a low dietary niacin intake. We therefore developed delayed-release microcapsules targeting the ileocolonic region to deliver increasing amounts of NA and NAM to the microbiome while preventing systemic resorption to avoid negative side effects (e.g., facial flushing). In vitro studies on these delayed-release microcapsules revealed stable conditions at pH 1.4, 4.5, and 6.8, followed by release of the compounds at pH 7.4, simulating the ileocolonic region. In humans in vivo, gut-targeted delayed-release NA but not NAM produced a significant increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes. In the absence of systemic side effects, these favorable microbiome changes induced by microencapsulated delayed-release NA were associated with an improvement of biomarkers for systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic inflammation. CONCLUSION Targeted microbiome intervention by delayed-release NA might represent a future therapeutic option for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fangmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Türk
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik M Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabelle Relling
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Julia K Keppler
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ateequr Rehman
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Esther Appel
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | | | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany .,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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200
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Chini EN, Chini CCS, Espindola Netto JM, de Oliveira GC, van Schooten W. The Pharmacology of CD38/NADase: An Emerging Target in Cancer and Diseases of Aging. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:424-436. [PMID: 29482842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that intracellular NAD levels decline in tissues during chronological aging, and that therapies aimed at increasing cellular NAD levels could have beneficial effects in many age-related diseases. The protein CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38) is a multifunctional enzyme that degrades NAD and modulates cellular NAD homeostasis. At the physiological level, CD38 has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism and in the pathogenesis of multiple conditions including aging, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, and inflammation. Interestingly, many of these functions are mediated by CD38 enzymatic activity. In addition, CD38 has also been identified as a cell-surface marker in hematologic cancers such as multiple myeloma, and a cytotoxic anti-CD38 antibody has been approved by the FDA for use in this disease. Although this is a remarkable development, killing CD38-positive tumor cells with cytotoxic anti-CD38 antibodies is only one of the potential pharmacological uses of targeting CD38. The present review discusses the biology of the CD38 enzyme and the current state of development of pharmacological tools aimed at CD38, and explores how these agents may represent a novel approach for treating human conditions including cancer, metabolic disease, and diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jair Machado Espindola Netto
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guilherme C de Oliveira
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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