151
|
Li L, Peng Z, Mao X, Wang J, Chang X, Reynolds M, Jing R. Genome-wide association study reveals genomic regions controlling root and shoot traits at late growth stages in wheat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:993-1006. [PMID: 31329816 PMCID: PMC6881226 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root system morphology is important for sustainable agriculture, but the genetic basis of root traits and their relationship to shoot traits remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to dissect the genetic basis of root traits at late growth stages and its implications on shoot traits in wheat. METHODS Among 323 wheat accessions, we investigated phenotypic differences in root traits at booting and mid-grain fill stages in PVC tubes, shoot traits including plant height (PH), canopy temperature (CT) and grain yield per plant (YPP) in a field experiment, and performed a genome-wide association study with a Wheat 660K SNP Array. KEY RESULTS Deep-rooted accessions had lower CT and higher YPP than those with shallow roots, but no significant relationship was identified between root dry weight and shoot traits. Ninety-three significantly associated loci (SALs) were detected by the mixed linear model, among which three were hub SALs (Co-6A, Co-6B and Co-6D) associated with root depth at both booting and mid-grain fill stages, as well as CT and YPP. Minirhizotron system scanning results suggested that the causal genes in the three SALs may regulate root elongation in the field. The heritable independence between root depth and PH was demonstrated by linkage disequilibrium analysis. The YPP was significantly higher in genotypes which combined favourable marker alleles (FMAs) for root depth and PH, suggesting that a deep root and shorter plant height are suitable traits for pyramiding target alleles by molecular marker-assisted breeding. CONCLUSIONS These results uncovered promising genomic regions for functional gene discovery of root traits in the late growth period, enhanced understanding of correlation between root and shoot traits, and will facilitate intensive study on root morphology and breeding through molecular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Correa J, Postma JA, Watt M, Wojciechowski T. Soil compaction and the architectural plasticity of root systems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6019-6034. [PMID: 31504740 PMCID: PMC6859514 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil compaction is a serious global problem, and is a major cause of inadequate rooting and poor yield in crops around the world. Root system architecture (RSA) describes the spatial arrangement of root components within the soil and determines the plant's exploration of the soil. Soil strength restricts root growth and may slow down root system development. RSA plasticity may have an adaptive value, providing environmental tolerance to soil compaction. However, it is challenging to distinguish developmental retardation (apparent plasticity) or responses to severe stress from those root architectural changes that may provide an actual environmental tolerance (adaptive plasticity). In this review, we outline the consequences of soil compaction on the rooting environment and extensively review the various root responses reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss which responses enhance root exploration capabilities in tolerant genotypes, and to what extent these responses might be useful for breeding. We conclude that RSA plasticity in response to soil compaction is complex and can be targeted in breeding to increase the performance of crops under specific agronomical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Correa
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich,Germany
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich,Germany
| | - Michelle Watt
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich,Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Lorts C, Lynch JP, Brown KM. Parental effects and provisioning under drought and low phosphorus stress in common bean. Food Energy Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lorts
- Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Maharajan T, Ceasar SA, Krishna TPA, Ignacimuthu S. Phosphate supply influenced the growth, yield and expression of PHT1 family phosphate transporters in seven millets. PLANTA 2019; 250:1433-1448. [PMID: 31300887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation altered the root morphology and phosphate uptake with the induction of PHT1 family transporter genes in root and shoot tissues of seven millets. Millets are nutrient-rich cereals majorly cultivated in Asia and Africa. Foxtail millet (FoxM), pearl millet (PeaM), finger millet (FinM), kodo millet (KodM), little millet (LitM), proso millet (ProM), and barnyard millet (BarM) were examined for the influence of external phosphorous (P) supply on phenotypic traits, P uptake, yield, and PHosphate Transporter1 (PHT1) family gene expression. Millet seedlings grown under low Pi condition (LPC) produced significantly lower mean values for all traits except for lateral root length (LRL) and lateral root number (LRN) which were increased under LPC. Under LPC, seed weight (SW) also reduced by > 75% and had significantly lower levels of total P (TP) and Pi contents in leaf and root tissues. Expression dynamics of 12 PHT1 family (PHT1;1-1;12) transporters genes were analyzed in 7 millets. PHT1;2 has been found to be a constitutive transporter gene in all millets. Under LPC, root tissues showed the overexpression of PHT1;2, 1;3, 1;4 and 1;9 in FoxM, PHT1;1, 1;2, 1;3, 1;4, 1;8 and 1;10 in PeaM, PHT1;2 and 1;3 in FinM and ProM and PHT1;3, 1;6 and 1;11 in BarM. In leaf, LPC induced the expression of PHT1;3, 1;4 and 1;6 in FoxM, PHT1;2, 1;3, 1;4 and 1;8 in PeaM, PHT1;2, 1;3 and 1;4 in FinM and KodM, PHT1;2 in LitM and PHT1;4 in ProM and BarnM. This comprehensive study on the influence of P in phenotype, physiology, and molecular responses may help to improve the P uptake and its use efficiency of millets in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India.
- Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging Lab, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | | | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
White PJ. Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:mcz162. [PMID: 31599920 PMCID: PMC6881216 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breeding for advantageous root traits will play a fundamental role in improving the efficiency of water and nutrient acquisition, closing yield gaps, and underpinning the "Evergreen Revolution" that must match crop production with human demand. SCOPE This preface provides an overview of a Special Issue of Annals of Botany on "Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability". The first papers in the Special Issue examine how breeding for reduced shoot stature and greater harvest index during the Green Revolution affected root system architecture. It is observed that reduced plant height and root architecture are inherited independently and can be improved simultaneously to increase the acquisition and utilisation of carbon, water and mineral nutrients. These insights are followed by papers examining beneficial root traits for resource acquisition in environments with limited water or nutrient availability, such as deep rooting, control of hydraulic conductivity, formation of aerenchyma, proliferation of lateral roots and root hairs, foraging of nutrient-rich patches, manipulation of rhizosphere pH and the exudation of low molecular weight organic solutes. The Special Issue concludes with papers exploring the interactions of plant roots and microorganisms, highlighting the need for plants to control the symbiotic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia to achieve maximal growth, and the roles of plants and microbes in the modification and development of soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Li T, Ma J, Zou Y, Chen G, Ding P, Zhang H, Yang C, Mu Y, Tang H, Liu Y, Jiang Q, Chen G, Qi P, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Lan X. Quantitative trait loci for seeding root traits and the relationships between root and agronomic traits in common wheat. Genome 2019; 63:27-36. [PMID: 31580743 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A completely developed and vigorous root system can provide a stable platform for aboveground plant organs. To identify loci controlling root traits that could be used in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding, 199 recombinant inbred lines were used to measure and analyze eight root traits. A total of 18 quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 7A, and 7B were identified. The phenotypic variation explained by these 18 QTL ranged from 3.27% to 11.75%, and the logarithm of odds scores ranged from 2.50 to 6.58. A comparison of physical intervals indicated several new QTL for root traits were identified. In addition, significant correlations between root and agronomic traits were detected and discussed. The results presented in this study, along with those of previous reports, suggest that chromosomes 2 and 7 likely play important roles in the growth and development of wheat roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yaya Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Puyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Shorinola O, Kaye R, Golan G, Peleg Z, Kepinski S, Uauy C. Genetic Screening for Mutants with Altered Seminal Root Numbers in Hexaploid Wheat Using a High-Throughput Root Phenotyping Platform. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2799-2809. [PMID: 31352407 PMCID: PMC6723138 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Roots are the main channel for water and nutrient uptake in plants. Optimization of root architecture provides a viable strategy to improve nutrient and water uptake efficiency and maintain crop productivity under water-limiting and nutrient-poor conditions. We know little, however, about the genetic control of root development in wheat, a crop supplying 20% of global calorie and protein intake. To improve our understanding of the genetic control of seminal root development in wheat, we conducted a high-throughput screen for variation in seminal root number using an exome-sequenced mutant population derived from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Cadenza. The screen identified seven independent mutants with homozygous and stably altered seminal root number phenotypes. One mutant, Cadenza0900, displays a recessive extra seminal root number phenotype, while six mutants (Cadenza0062, Cadenza0369, Cadenza0393, Cadenza0465, Cadenza0818 and Cadenza1273) show lower seminal root number phenotypes most likely originating from defects in the formation and activation of seminal root primordia. Segregation analysis in F2 populations suggest that the phenotype of Cadenza0900 is controlled by multiple loci whereas the Cadenza0062 phenotype fits a 3:1 mutant:wild-type segregation ratio characteristic of dominant single gene action. This work highlights the potential to use the sequenced wheat mutant population as a forward genetic resource to uncover novel variation in agronomic traits, such as seminal root architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Shorinola
- Bioscience Eastern and Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, PO Box 30709, Kenya
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ryan Kaye
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, and
| | - Guy Golan
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, and
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Wacker-Fester K, Uptmoor R, Pfahler V, Dehmer KJ, Bachmann-Pfabe S, Kavka M. Genotype-Specific Differences in Phosphorus Efficiency of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1029. [PMID: 31475025 PMCID: PMC6706458 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potato is considered to have a low phosphorus (P) efficiency compared to other crops. Therefore, P fertilization requirements are high. New cultivars with improved P efficiency may contribute to save limited mineral P sources and to reduce eutrophication of surface water bodies. The present study aims to characterize the P efficiency of different potato genotypes and to identify mechanisms that improve P efficiency in cultivated potato. A diversity set of 32 potato accessions was used to assess their P efficiency. From this set, five cultivars were selected and two pot experiments with different P-fertilization strategies including a non-fertilized control were conducted to estimate effects of P deficiency on general agronomic and P related traits, root development, phosphatase activity and micro RNA 399 (miR399) expression. Significant differences between the 32 genotypes were found for P utilization efficiency (PUtE). P acquisition efficiency (PAE) as P content in low P in relation to P content in high P was positively correlated to relative biomass production while PUtE was not. Selected genotypes displayed a strong relation between total root length and P content. Root phosphatase activity and miR399 expression increased under P deficiency. However, tuber yields of four cultivars, grown on a soil with suboptimal content of plant available P, were not significantly affected in comparison to yields of well-fertilized plots. We conclude from the present study that PUtE and PAE are important traits when selecting for plants requiring less fertilizer inputs but PAE might be more important for cropping on deficient soils. A large root system might be the most important trait for P acquisition on such soils and therefore in breeding for P efficient crops. Lowering P fertilizer inputs might not necessarily reduce tuber yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Uptmoor
- Department of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Verena Pfahler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus J. Dehmer
- Genebank Department, Satellite Collections North, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gross Luesewitz, Germany
| | - Silvia Bachmann-Pfabe
- Genebank Department, Satellite Collections North, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gross Luesewitz, Germany
| | - Mareike Kavka
- Department of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Li L, Xu Y, Ren Y, Guo Z, Li J, Tong Y, Lin T, Cui D. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms of Wheat Primary Root Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11741. [PMID: 31409818 PMCID: PMC6692329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are vital for acquiring nutrients and water from soil. However, the mechanisms regulating root growth in hexaploid wheat remain to be elucidated. Here, an integrated comparative proteome study on the roots of two varieties and their descendants with contrasting root phenotypes was performed. A total of 80 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with the regulation of primary root growth were identified, including two plant steroid biosynthesis related proteins and nine class III peroxidases. Real-time PCR analysis showed that brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis pathway was significantly elevated in long-root plants compared with those short-root plants. Moreover, O2.- and H2O2 were distributed abundantly in both the root meristematic and elongation zones of long root plants, but only in the meristematic zone of short-root plants. The differential distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips of different genotypes may be caused by the differential expression of peroxidases. Taken together, our results suggest that the regulation of wheat primary root growth is closely related to BR biosynthesis pathway and BR-mediated ROS distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbao Lin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dangqun Cui
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Fromm H. Root Plasticity in the Pursuit of Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E236. [PMID: 31336579 PMCID: PMC6681320 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges of terrestrial vegetation is to acquire water through soil-grown roots. Owing to the scarcity of high-quality water in the soil and the environment's spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability, ranging from extreme flooding to drought, roots have evolutionarily acquired tremendous plasticity regarding their geometric arrangement of individual roots and their three-dimensional organization within the soil. Water deficiency has also become an increasing threat to agriculture and dryland ecosystems due to climate change. As a result, roots have become important targets for genetic selection and modification in an effort to improve crop resilience under water-limiting conditions. This review addresses root plasticity from different angles: Their structures and geometry in response to the environment, potential genetic control of root traits suitable for water-limiting conditions, and contemporary and future studies of the principles underlying root plasticity post-Darwin's 'root-brain' hypothesis. Our increasing knowledge of different disciplines of plant sciences and agriculture should contribute to a sustainable management of natural and agricultural ecosystems for the future of mankind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Fromm
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Lynch JP. Root phenotypes for improved nutrient capture: an underexploited opportunity for global agriculture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:548-564. [PMID: 30746704 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-efficient crops are a solution to the two grand challenges of modern agriculture: improving food security while reducing environmental impacts. The primary challenges are (1) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) efficiency; (2) potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) efficiency for acid soils; and (3) iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) efficiency for alkaline soils. Root phenotypes are promising breeding targets for each of these. The Topsoil Foraging ideotype is beneficial for P capture and should also be useful for capture of K, Ca, and Mg in acid soils. The Steep, Cheap, and Deep ideotype for subsoil foraging is beneficial for N and water capture. Fe and Zn capture can be improved by targeting mechanisms of metal mobilization in the rhizosphere. Root hairs and phenes that reduce the metabolic cost of soil exploration should be prioritized in breeding programs. Nutrient-efficient crops should provide benefits at all input levels. Although our current understanding is sufficient to deploy root phenotypes for improved nutrient capture in crop breeding, this complex topic does not receive the resources it merits in either applied or basic plant biology. Renewed emphasis on these topics is needed in order to develop the nutrient-efficient crops urgently needed in global agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Perlikowski D, Augustyniak A, Masajada K, Skirycz A, Soja AM, Michaelis Ä, Wolter G, Kosmala A. Structural and metabolic alterations in root systems under limited water conditions in forage grasses of Lolium-Festuca complex. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:211-223. [PMID: 31128691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought resistance is a crucial attribute of plants and to properly decipher its mechanisms, a valuable plant model is required. Lolium multiflorum is a forage grass characterized by a low level of abiotic stress resistance, whereas Festuca arundinacea is recognized as a species with drought resistance, including both stress avoidance and tolerance strategies. These two species can be crossed with each other. Two closely related L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct levels of field drought resistance were involved, thus enabling the dissection of this complex trait into its crucial components. The processes occurring in roots were shown to be the most significant for the expression of drought resistance. Thus, the analysis was focused on the root architecture and the accumulation of selected hormones, primary metabolites and glycerolipids in roots. The introgression form, with a higher resistance to field water deficit was characterized by a deeper soil penetration by its roots, and it had a higher accumulation level of primary metabolites, including well recognized osmoprotectants, such as proline, sucrose or maltose, and an increase in phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio compared to the low resistant form. A comprehensive model of root performance under water deficit conditions is presented here for the first time for the grass species of the Lolium-Festuca complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Maria Soja
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Änne Michaelis
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Wolter
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Zhang J, Wang J, Chen J, Song H, Li S, Zhao Y, Tao J, Liu J. Soil Moisture Determines Horizontal and Vertical Root Extension in the Perennial Grass Lolium perenne L. Growing in Karst Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:629. [PMID: 31156684 PMCID: PMC6529846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Karst regions are characterized by heterogeneous soil habitats, with shallow wide soil (SW) on hilly slopes and deep narrow soil (DN) in rocky trenches. To make full use of limited water and nutrients, plants have therefore developed a number of root extension strategies. This study investigated the effect of soil moisture on horizontal root extension in SW and vertical root extension in DN by assessing root growth responses, biomass allocation, and root distribution. A full two-way factorial blocked design of soil dimensions by water availability was followed. The perennial grass Lolium perenne L. was grown in SW and DN under high (W100%), moderate (W50%), and low (W30%) water availability, respectively. The main results were as follows: (1) The total biomass of L. perenne was not influenced either by soil habitat or by water application. Root length, root surface area, root biomass and root to shoot ratio all decreased with decreasing water application in SW, but not in DN soil. (2) With decreasing water application, the cumulative percentage of root length, root surface area and root biomass in 4 rings from the center out to 12 cm of SW soil showed a trend of W50% > W30% > W100% in SW, however, the cumulative percentage of root biomass in 4 layers from the surface to a depth of 36 cm was not significantly different between different water treatments in DN. (3) Under all three water treatments, specific root length showed an increase but root length density showed a decreasing trend from the center outward in SW soil or from the surface to bottom in DN soil. Overall, these results suggest that in SW habitat, soil moisture determines horizontal expansion of the roots in L. perenne, although the overall expansion ability was limited in severe drought. However, due to the relatively strong water retention ability, soil moisture changes were less obvious in DN, resulting in no significant vertical extension of the root system. The root response of L. perenne helps our understanding of how herbaceous plants can adjust their belowground morphology to support their growth in harsh karst soil environments.
Collapse
|
164
|
Arifuzzaman M, Oladzadabbasabadi A, McClean P, Rahman M. Shovelomics for phenotyping root architectural traits of rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) and genome-wide association mapping. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:985-1000. [PMID: 30968249 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Root system in plants plays an important role in mining moisture and nutrients from the soil and is positively correlated to yield in many crops including rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.). Substantial phenotypic diversity in root architectural traits among the B. napus growth types leads to a scope of root system improvement in breeding populations. In this study, 216 diverse genotypes were phenotyped for five different root architectural traits following shovelomics approach in the field condition during 2015 and 2016. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker panel consisting of 30,262 SNPs was used to conduct genome-wide association study to detect marker/trait association. A total of 31 significant marker loci were identified at 0.01 percentile tail P value cutoff for different root traits. Six marker loci for soil-level taproot diameter (R1Dia), six loci for belowground taproot diameter (R2Dia), seven loci for number of primary root branches (PRB), eight loci for root angle, and eight loci for root score (RS) were detected in this study. Several markers associated with root diameters R1Dia and R2Dia were also associated with PRB and RS. Significant phenotypic correlation between these traits was observed in both environments. Therefore, taproot diameter appears to be a major determinant of the canola root system architecture and can be used as proxy for other root traits. Fifteen candidate genes related to root traits and root development were detected within 100 kbp upstream and downstream of different significant markers. The identified markers associated with different root architectural traits can be considered for marker-assisted selection for root traits in canola in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phillip McClean
- Departemnt of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Mukhlesur Rahman
- Departemnt of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Xu Y, Ren Y, Lin T, Cui D. Identification and characterization of CircRNAs involved in the regulation of wheat root length. Biol Res 2019; 52:19. [PMID: 30947746 PMCID: PMC6448277 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Plant roots are the main organs of nutrient and water uptake. However, whether circRNAs involved in the regulation of plant root growth remains to be elucidated. METHODS LH9, XN979 and YN29 are three Chinese wheat varieties with contrasting root lengths. Here, the root circRNA expression profiles of LH9, XN979 and YN29 were examined by using high-throughput sequencing technology. RESULTS Thirty-three and twenty-two differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified in the YN29-LH9 comparison and YN29-XN979 comparison, respectively. Among them, ten DECs coexisted in both comparisons. As the roots of both LH9 and XN979 were significantly larger and deeper than YN29, the ten DECs coexisting in the two comparisons were highly likely to be involved in the regulation of wheat root length. Moreover, three of the ten DECs have potential miRNA binding sites. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the potential binding miRNAs exhibited significant differences between the long root plants and the short root plants. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of some circRNAs exhibited significant differences in wheat varieties with contrasting root phenotypes. Ten DECs involved in the regulation of wheat root length were successfully identified in which three of them have potential miRNAs binding sites. The expression levels of putative circRNA-binding miRNAs were correlated with their corresponding circRNAs. Our results provide new clues for studying the potential roles of circRNAs in the regulation of wheat root length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,College of life science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Tongbao Lin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangqun Cui
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Fakih M, Delenne JY, Radjai F, Fourcaud T. Root growth and force chains in a granular soil. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:042903. [PMID: 31108586 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.042903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Roots provide basic functions to plants such as water and nutrient uptake and anchoring in soil. The growth and development of root systems contribute to colonizing the surrounding soil and optimizing the access to resources. It is generally known that the variability of plant root architecture results from the combination of genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, in particular soil mechanical resistance. However, this last factor has never been investigated at the soil grain scale for roots. In this paper, we are interested in the effect of the disordered texture of granular soils on the evolution of forces experienced by the root cap during its growth. We introduce a numerical model in which the root is modeled as a flexible self-elongating tube that probes a soil composed of solid particles. By means of extensive simulations, we show that the forces exerted on the root cap reflect interparticle force chains. Our simulations also show that the mean force declines exponentially with root flexibility, the highest force corresponding to the soil hardness. Furthermore, we find that this functional dependence is characterized by a single dimensionless parameter that combines granular structure and root bending stiffness. This finding will be useful to further address the biological issues of mechanosensing and thigmomorphogenesis in plant roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fakih
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34095 Montpellier, France
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, University of Montpellier, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delenne
- IATE, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Farhang Radjai
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34095 Montpellier, France
- ⟨MSE⟩2, UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Thierry Fourcaud
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, University of Montpellier, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Duque LO, Villordon A. Root Branching and Nutrient Efficiency: Status and Way Forward in Root and Tuber Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:237. [PMID: 30886622 PMCID: PMC6409306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are immobile organisms that require roots to efficiently and cost-effectively exploit their habitat for water and nutrients. Plant root systems are dynamic structures capable of altering root branching, root angle, and root growth rates determining overall architecture. This plasticity involves belowground plant-root mediated synergies coupled through a continuum of environmental interactions and endogenous developmental processes facilitating plants to adapt to favorable or adverse soil conditions. Plant root branching is paramount to ensure adequate access to soil water and nutrients. Although substantial resources have been devoted toward this goal, significant knowledge gaps exist. In well-studied systems such as rice and maize, it has become evident that root branching plays a significant role in the acquisition of nutrients and other soil-based resources. In these crop species, specific root branching traits that confer enhanced nutrient acquisition are well-characterized and are already being incorporated into breeding populations. In contrast, the understanding of root branching in root and tuber crop productivity has lagged behind. In this review article, we highlight what is known about root branching in root and tuber crops (RTCs) and mark new research directions, such as the use novel phenotyping methods, examining the changes in root morphology and anatomy under nutrient stress, and germplasm screening with enhanced root architecture for more efficient nutrient capture. These directions will permit a better understanding of the interaction between root branching and nutrient acquisition in these globally important crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis O. Duque
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arthur Villordon
- Sweet Potato Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Chase, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Brown LK, Kazas C, Stockan J, Hawes C, Stutter M, Ryan CM, Squire GR, George TS. Is Green Manure from Riparian Buffer Strip Species an Effective Nutrient Source for Crops? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:385-393. [PMID: 30951123 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.11.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture needs to reduce inputs of inorganic fertilizers and close the loop on nutrients that can otherwise become environmental pollutants. This can be achieved by promoting recycling of nutrients within the agricultural landscape. We investigated the extent to which plants found in riparian buffer zones have the potential to provide nutrients to crops as a green manure, through plant growth and decomposition studies. Under controlled conditions, species typical of Scottish riparian buffer strips were tested for their ability to accumulate biomass and nutrients in tissue under N- and P-replete conditions and whether this ability enhanced the utility of the resulting green manure in promoting crop growth. In this proof-of-concept study, we found that green manure derived from riparian buffer strips did not effectively replace inorganic fertilizer and only had a significant positive effect on growth, yield, and nutrient accumulation in barley ( L.) when it was integrated with the addition of inorganic fertilizers. The individual species tested varied in the amount of P they accumulated in their tissue (1.38-52.73 mg P plant), but individual species did not differ in their ability to promote yield when used as a green manure. Our results indicate that selecting certain species in the buffer strip on the basis of their nutrient accumulating abilities is not an effective way to increase the utility of buffer strip green manure as a nutrient source for crops.
Collapse
|
169
|
Atkinson JA, Pound MP, Bennett MJ, Wells DM. Uncovering the hidden half of plants using new advances in root phenotyping. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:1-8. [PMID: 30031961 PMCID: PMC6378649 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Major increases in crop yield are required to keep pace with population growth and climate change. Improvements to the architecture of crop roots promise to deliver increases in water and nutrient use efficiency but profiling the root phenome (i.e. its structure and function) represents a major bottleneck. We describe how advances in imaging and sensor technologies are making root phenomic studies possible. However, methodological advances in acquisition, handling and processing of the resulting 'big-data' is becoming increasingly important. Advances in automated image analysis approaches such as Deep Learning promise to transform the root phenotyping landscape. Collectively, these innovations are helping drive the selection of the next-generation of crops to deliver real world impact for ongoing global food security efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P Pound
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK; School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Xu Y, Ren Y, Li J, Li L, Chen S, Wang Z, Xin Z, Chen F, Lin T, Cui D, Tong Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides New Insights Into Low Nitrogen-Promoted Primary Root Growth in Hexaploid Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30842781 PMCID: PMC6391680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deficient environments can promote wheat primary root growth (PRG) that allows for nitrogen uptake in deep soil. However, the mechanisms of low nitrogen-promoted root growth remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated comparative proteome study using iTRAQ analysis on the roots of two wheat varieties and their descendants with contrasting response to low nitrogen (LN) stress was performed under control (CK) and LN conditions. In total, 84 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) specifically involved in the process of LN-promoted PRG were identified and 11 pathways were significantly enriched. The Glutathione metabolism, endocytosis, lipid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways may play crucial roles in the regulation of LN-promoted PRG. We also identified 59 DAPs involved in the common response to LN stress in different genetic backgrounds. The common responsive DAPs to LN stress were mainly involved in nitrogen uptake, transportation and remobilization, and LN stress tolerance. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the metabolic and molecular changes taking place in contrasting varieties under LN conditions, which provide useful information for the genetic improvement of root traits and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhe Ren
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tongbao Lin
| | - Dangqun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Dangqun Cui
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Li J, Chen F, Li Y, Li P, Wang Y, Mi G, Yuan L. ZmRAP2.7, an AP2 Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Maize Brace Roots Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31333689 PMCID: PMC6621205 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In maize, shoot-borne roots dominate the whole root system and play essential roles in water and nutrient acquisition and lodging tolerance. Shoot-borne roots initiate at shoot nodes, including crown roots from the belowground nodes and brace roots from aboveground nodes. In contrast to crown roots, few genes for brace roots development have been identified. Here, we characterized a maize AP2/ERF transcription factor, ZmRAP2.7, to be involved in brace roots development. ZmRAP2.7 expressed in all types of roots, and the encoded protein localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activation activity. A maize transposon insert mutant RAP2.7-Mu defective in ZmRAP2.7 expression revealed a decreased number of brace roots but not crown roots. Maize Corngrass1 mutant, which showed an elevated expression of ZmRAP2.7, however, revealed an increased number of brace roots. The ZmRAP2.7-based association analysis in a maize panel further identified a SNP marker at the fifth exon of gene to be associated with number of brace roots. These results uncovered a function of ZmRAP2.7 in brace roots development and provided the valuable gene and allele for genetic improvement of maize root systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, MOE, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, College Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixing Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Prodhan MA, Finnegan PM, Lambers H. How Does Evolution in Phosphorus-Impoverished Landscapes Impact Plant Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:69-82. [PMID: 30522809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fertilisers, made from rock phosphate, are used to attain high crop yields. However, rock phosphate is a finite resource and excessive P fertilisers pollute our environment, stressing the need for more P-efficient crops. Some Proteaceae have evolved in extremely P-impoverished environments. One of their adaptations is to curtail the abundance of ribosomal RNA, and thus protein, and tightly control the acquisition and assimilation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur. This differs fundamentally from plants that evolved in environments where N limits plant productivity, but is likely common in many species that evolved in P-impoverished landscapes. Here, we scrutinise the relevance of these responses towards developing P-efficient crops, focusing on plant species where 'P is in the driver's seat'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Asaduzzaman Prodhan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Hamburger DJS. Normative Criteria and Their Inclusion in a Regulatory Framework for New Plant Varieties Derived From Genome Editing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:176. [PMID: 30619841 PMCID: PMC6305715 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Any legal regulation has to take into account fundamental interests and concerns, whether of private or public nature. This applies in particular to the politically and socially sensitive question of regulating plant biotechnology. With the advent of new breeding techniques, such as genome editing, new challenges are arising for legislators around the world. However, in coping with them not only the technical particularities of the new breeding techniques must be taken into account but also the diverse and sometimes conflicting interests of the various stakeholders. In order to be able to draft a suitable regulatory regime for these new techniques, the different interests and concerns at play are identified. Subsequently, a determination is made on how these interests relate to each other, before regulatory concepts to reconcile the conflicting demands are presented. The examined normative criteria, which can have an impact on regulatory decisions regarding genome edited plants and products derived from them, include: industry interests, farmer interests, public opinion, consumer rights and interests, human health and food safety, food security, environmental protection, consistency, and coherence of the regulatory framework and ethical or religious convictions. Since those interests differ from country to country depending on the respective political, economic, and social circumstances, the respective legislator has the task of identifying these normative criteria and must find a suitable balance between them. To this end, a concept is developed on how the different interests can be related to each other and how to deal with conflicting and irreconcilable demands. Additionally, a legislator may have recourse to a number of further analyzed regulatory measures. An approval or notification procedure can be used for a risk assessment or a socio-economic evaluation. Coexistence measures and labeling provisions are able to reconcile interests that are at odds with each other and the precautionary principle can justify certain safeguard measures. As a result, the individual country-specific regulatory outcomes regarding genome edited plants are likely to be as manifold as the interests and regulatory measures at hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. S. Hamburger
- Faculty of Law, Chair of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law, European and International Economic Law, University of Passau, Passau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Increased nitrogen supply promoted the growth of non-N-fixing woody legume species but not the growth of N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17896. [PMID: 30559423 PMCID: PMC6297152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant development and growth, and the deposition of N has increased in recent decades. Legumes that fix N can also provide N for nearby species. However, N in soil inhibits N fixation. We tested the effects of N fertilisation on one N-fixing (Robinia pseudoacacia) and two non-N-fixing (Sophora japonica and Senna surattensis) woody legume species, which were subjected to five different N levels (0, 1.5, 2.9, 5.9 and 11.4 mg N per plant day-1) under greenhouse conditions. The growth of the two non-N-fixing species was promoted by N supply, while that of R. pseudoacacia was unaffected. Among the three species, R. pseudoacacia had the largest specific leaf area and chlorophyll concentration, S. japonica had the largest root-to-shoot ratio and main root-to-lateral root ratio, and S. surattensis had the largest leaf N and phosphorus concentrations. The N-fixing species was mostly unaffected by N supply. The growth, leaf chlorophyll concentration, and leaf number in the non-N-fixing species were promoted by N supply. The N-fixing species showed better growth in low-N environments, while under increased N deposition, its growth was similar to that of the non-N-fixing species.
Collapse
|
175
|
Fan X, Zhang W, Zhang N, Chen M, Zheng S, Zhao C, Han J, Liu J, Zhang X, Song L, Ji J, Liu X, Ling H, Tong Y, Cui F, Wang T, Li J. Identification of QTL regions for seedling root traits and their effect on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2677-2698. [PMID: 30255337 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
QTL for a wheat ideotype root system and its plasticity to nitrogen deficiency were characterized. Root system architecture-related traits (RRTs) and their plasticity to nitrogen availability are important for nitrogen acquisition and yield formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted under different nitrogen conditions, using the seedlings of 188 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Kenong 9204 and Jing 411. Fifty-three QTL for seven RRTs and fourteen QTL for the plasticity of these RRTs to nitrogen deficiency were detected. Thirty of these QTL were mapped in nine clusters on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 6B, 6D, 7A and 7B. Six of these nine clusters were also colocated with loci for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related traits (NRTs). Among them, three QTL clusters (C2B, C6D and C7B) were highlighted, considering that they individually harbored three stable robust QTL (i.e., QMrl-2B.1, QdRs-6D and QMrl-7B). C2B and C7B stably contributed to the optimal root system, and C6D greatly affected the plasticity of RRTs in response to nitrogen deficiency. However, strong artificial selection was only observed for C7B in 574 derivatives of Kenong 9204. Covariance analysis identified QMrl-7B as the major contributor in C7B that affected the investigated NRTs in mature plants. Phenotypic analysis indicated that thousand kernel weight might represent a "concomitant" above-ground trait of the "hidden" RRTs controlled by C7B, which are used for breeding selection. Dissecting these QTL regions with potential breeding value will ultimately facilitate the selection of donor lines with both high yield and NUE in wheat breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Shusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Genetic Improvement Centre of Agricultural and Forest Crops, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jie Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Xilan Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongqing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fa Cui
- Genetic Improvement Centre of Agricultural and Forest Crops, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Del Bianco M, Kepinski S. Building a future with root architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5319-5323. [PMID: 30445468 PMCID: PMC6255693 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Bianco
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Deng Y, Teng W, Tong YP, Chen XP, Zou CQ. Phosphorus Efficiency Mechanisms of Two Wheat Cultivars as Affected by a Range of Phosphorus Levels in the Field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1614. [PMID: 30459796 PMCID: PMC6232341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) efficiency includes both P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and internal P utilization efficiency (PUE). Despite substantial research, genotypic variation in PAE and PUE remains incompletely understood in the field. A 2-year field study was conducted to compare PAE and PUE and related morphological, physiological, and molecular root traits of two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. SJZ8 and KN92) in response to six P application rates in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Both cultivars showed similar growth and yield potential at each P supply level, reaching optimal growth at the same P application rate of about 100 kg P ha-1. However, the two cultivars differed in how they achieved yield and P efficiency. As P supply increased for both cultivars, root dry weight (RDW), root length density, and expression of the phosphate transporter gene TaPHT1.2 in roots initially increased and then stabilized, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization, rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity, expressions of the P-starvation marker gene TaIPS1.1 and the purple acid phosphatase gene TaPAP16 in roots initially decreased and then stabilized. To enhance P acquisition when the P supply was deficient, KN92 modified the morphology of its roots, while SJZ8 increased the physiological activities in its roots. With an adequate P supply, high expression of TaPHT1.2 in roots might account for efficient P uptake for both cultivars, especially for KN92. Although P uptake per RDW was similar for both cultivars at anthesis, PAE was higher for KN92 than SJZ8 in terms of total P uptake in aboveground parts, whereas shoot and grain PUE were higher in SJZ8 than in KN92, mainly during the reproductive growth stage. These results indicate that P efficiency is under genotypic control at all P supply levels tested in both wheat cultivars, and that the two cultivars depend on different root strategies for P acquisition and utilization in response to changes in the P supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wan Teng
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Tong
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Abstract
Plant roots play a significant role in plant growth by exploiting soil resources via the uptake of water and nutrients. Root traits such as fine root diameter, specific root length, specific root area, root angle, and root length density are considered useful traits for improving plant productivity under drought conditions. Therefore, understanding interactions between roots and their surrounding soil environment is important, which can be improved through root phenotyping. With the advancement in technologies, many tools have been developed for root phenotyping. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been considered a good technique for field phenotyping of crops under drought and is used to estimate crop yield as well as root traits in relation to drought tolerance. Both laboratory and field-based methods for phenotyping root traits have been developed including soil sampling, mini-rhizotron, rhizotrons, thermography and non-soil techniques. Recently, a non-invasive approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has provided a break-through to study the root architecture in three dimensions (3-D). This review summarizes methods for root phenotyping. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that root traits are useful characters to be included in future breeding programs and for selecting better cultivars to increase crop yield under water-limited environments.
Collapse
|
179
|
OsARD4 encoding an acireductone dioxygenase improves root architecture in rice by promoting development of secondary roots. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15713. [PMID: 30356087 PMCID: PMC6200752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at unravelling the molecular basis of root growth behavior in a drought-tolerant upland rice genotype, Nootripathu. Root tips of Nootripathu were found to possess shorter root caps and a greater number of dividing cells, favoring faster elongation compared to shallow-rooted IR20. Width and length of cortical cells in the roots of rapidly growing Nootripathu were found to be two to three times higher than IR20. Evaluation of shallow-rooted IR20, deep-rooted Nootripathu and their Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) for root characteristics revealed the presence of genetic variation for root traits among RILs. 2D-PAGE analysis of proteins in roots of IR20, Nootripathu and bulks of extreme RILs differing in root traits resulted in the identification of proteins co-segregating with root growth behavior and co-localized with QTLs for root traits. A putative candidate gene, OsARD4, encoding an "acireductone dioxygenase" was validated for its role in modulating the root growth pattern through genetic transformation. Transgenic ASD16 rice plants engineered for the overexpression of OsARD4 exhibited root growth characteristics similar to those of Nootripathu, including faster radical emergence, more rapid elongation of primary roots, early initiation of crown/lateral roots, and higher root biomass than the non-transgenic plants.
Collapse
|
180
|
García-Gaytán V, Hernández-Mendoza F, Coria-Téllez AV, García-Morales S, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Rojas-Abarca L, Daneshvar H. Fertigation: Nutrition, Stimulation and Bioprotection of the Root in High Performance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E88. [PMID: 30360461 PMCID: PMC6313855 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature changes, drought, frost, and the presence of pest and diseases place enormous stress on crops, which implies that the potential performance of these crops may be affected. One of the main goals for agronomists, horticulturists, growers, physiologists, soil scientists, geneticists, plant breeders, phytopathologists, and microbiologists is to increase the food production on the same cultivable area and to ensure that they are safe and of high quality. Understanding the biophysical changes in soil will help to manage the crop's ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stress. Optimization is needed in the nutrition of crops, which involves the use of biostimulants to counter oxidative stress and the management of strain bioformulations (bacteria and fungi) that protect and stimulate roots for the acquisition of nutrients. The implementation of these strategies in fertigation programs improves crop yields. This article addresses the importance of the stimulation and the bioprotection of the root as a fundamental pillar in ensuring the high performance of a crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Gaytán
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Fanny Hernández-Mendoza
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Velia Coria-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Soledad García-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Rojas-Abarca
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Hadiseh Daneshvar
- Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Alborz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Jia X, Liu P, Lynch JP. Greater lateral root branching density in maize improves phosphorus acquisition from low phosphorus soil. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4961-4970. [PMID: 30295904 PMCID: PMC6137997 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of crops with better growth under suboptimal phosphorus availability would improve food security in developing countries while reducing environmental pollution in developed countries. We tested the hypothesis that maize (Zea mays) phenotypes with greater lateral root branching density have greater phosphorus acquisition from low phosphorus soils. Recombinant inbred lines with either 'many short' (MS) or 'few long' (FL) lateral root phenotypes were grown under high and low phosphorus conditions in greenhouse mesocosms and in the field. Under low phosphorus in mesocosms, lines with the MS phenotype had 89% greater phosphorus acquisition and 48% more shoot biomass than FL lines. Under low phosphorus in the field, MS lines had 16% shallower rooting depth (D95), 81% greater root length density in the top 20 cm of the soil, 49% greater shoot phosphorus content, 12% greater leaf photosynthesis, 19% greater shoot biomass, and 14% greater grain yield than FL lines. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the phenotype of many, shorter lateral roots improves phosphorus acquisition under low phosphorus availability and merits consideration for genetic improvement of phosphorus efficiency in maize and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xucun Jia
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Zhao J, Sykacek P, Bodner G, Rewald B. Root traits of European Vicia faba cultivars-Using machine learning to explore adaptations to agroclimatic conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1984-1996. [PMID: 28857245 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important source of protein, but breeding for increased yield stability and stress tolerance is hampered by the scarcity of phenotyping information. Because comparisons of cultivars adapted to different agroclimatic zones improve our understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms, the root architecture and morphology of 16 European faba bean cultivars were studied at maturity. Different machine learning (ML) approaches were tested in their usefulness to analyse trait variations between cultivars. A supervised, that is, hypothesis-driven, ML approach revealed that cultivars from Portugal feature greater and coarser but less frequent lateral roots at the top of the taproot, potentially enhancing water uptake from deeper soil horizons. Unsupervised clustering revealed that trait differences between northern and southern cultivars are not predominant but that two cultivar groups, independently from major and minor types, differ largely in overall root system size. Methodological guidelines on how to use powerful ML methods such as random forest models for enhancing the phenotypical exploration of plants are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsan Zhao
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Peter Sykacek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gernot Bodner
- Division of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Singer SD, Hannoufa A, Acharya S. Molecular improvement of alfalfa for enhanced productivity and adaptability in a changing environment. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1955-1971. [PMID: 29044610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to an expanding world population and increased buying power, the demand for ruminant products such as meat and milk is expected to grow substantially in coming years, and high levels of forage crop production will therefore be a necessity. Unfortunately, urbanization of agricultural land, intensive agricultural practices, and climate change are all predicted to limit crop production in the future, which means that the development of forage cultivars with improved productivity and adaptability will be essential. Because alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated perennial forage crops, it has been the target of much research in this field. In this review, we discuss progress that has been made towards the improvement of productivity, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutrient-use efficiency, as well as disease and pest resistance, in alfalfa using biotechnological techniques. Furthermore, we consider possible future priorities and avenues for attaining further enhancements in this crop as a means of contributing to the realization of food security in a changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Surya Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Rangarajan H, Postma JA, Lynch JP. Co-optimization of axial root phenotypes for nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition in common bean. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:485-499. [PMID: 29982363 PMCID: PMC6110351 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Root architecture is a primary determinant of soil resource acquisition. We hypothesized that root architectural phenes will display both positive and negative interactions with each other for soil resource capture because of competition for internal resources and functional trade-offs in soil exploration. Methods We employed the functional-structural plant model SimRoot to explore how interactions among architectural phenes in common bean determine the acquisition of phosphate and nitrate, two key soil resources contrasting in mobility. We evaluated the utility of basal root whorl number (BRWN) when basal root growth angle, hypocotyl-borne roots and lateral root branching density (LRBD) were varied, under varying availability of phosphate and nitrate. Key Results Three basal root whorls were optimal in most phenotypes. This optimum shifted towards greater values when LRBD decreased and to smaller numbers when LRBD increased. The maximum biomass accumulated for a given BRWN phenotype in a given limiting nutrient scenario depended upon root growth angle. Under phosphorus stress shallow phenotypes grew best, whereas under nitrate stress fanned phenotypes grew best. The effect of increased hypocotyl-borne roots depended upon BRWN as well as the limiting nutrient. Greater production of axial roots due to BRWN or hypocotyl-borne roots reduced rooting depth, leading to reduced biomass under nitrate-limiting conditions. Increased BRWN as well as greater LRBD increased root carbon consumption, resulting in reduced shoot biomass. Conclusions We conclude that the utility of a root architectural phenotype is determined by whether the constituent phenes are synergistic or antagonistic. Competition for internal resources and trade-offs for external resources result in multiple phenotypes being optimal under a given nutrient regime. We also find that no single phenotype is optimal across contrasting environments. These results have implications for understanding plant evolution and also for the breeding of more stress-tolerant crop phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Rangarajan
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Tyson Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Tyson Building, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Galindo-Castañeda T, Brown KM, Lynch JP. Reduced root cortical burden improves growth and grain yield under low phosphorus availability in maize. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1579-1592. [PMID: 29574982 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Root phenes and phene states that reduce the metabolic cost of soil exploration may improve plant growth under low phosphorus availability. We tested the hypothesis that under low phosphorus, reduced living cortical area (LCA) would increase soil exploration, phosphorus capture, biomass, and grain yield. Maize genotypes contrasting in LCA were grown in the field and in greenhouse mesocosms under optimal and suboptimal phosphorus regimes. Percent LCA in nodal roots ranged from 25% to 67%. Plants with 0.2 mm2 less LCA under low phosphorus had 75% less root segment respiration, 54% less root phosphorus content, rooted 20 cm deeper, allocated up to four times more roots between 60 and 120 cm depth, had between 20% and 150% more biomass, 35-40% greater leaf phosphorus content, and 60% greater grain yield compared with plants with high LCA. Low-LCA plants had up to 55% less arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in axial roots, but this decrease was not correlated with biomass or phosphorus content. The LCA components cortical cell file number and cortical cell size were important for biomass and phosphorus content under low phosphorus. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that root phenes that decrease the metabolic cost of soil exploration are adaptive under phosphorus stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Galindo-Castañeda
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Pang J, Bansal R, Zhao H, Bohuon E, Lambers H, Ryan MH, Ranathunge K, Siddique KHM. The carboxylate-releasing phosphorus-mobilizing strategy can be proxied by foliar manganese concentration in a large set of chickpea germplasm under low phosphorus supply. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:518-529. [PMID: 29756639 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Root foraging and root physiology such as exudation of carboxylates into the rhizosphere are important strategies for plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. We used 100 chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds to study the relative roles of root morphology and physiology in P acquisition. Plants were grown in pots in a low-P sterilized river sand supplied with 10 μg P g-1 soil as FePO4 , a poorly soluble form of P. There was a large genotypic variation in root morphology (total root length, root surface area, mean root diameter, specific root length and root hair length), and root physiology (rhizosheath pH, carboxylates and acid phosphatase activity). Shoot P content was correlated with total root length, root surface area and total carboxylates per plant, particularly malonate. A positive correlation was found between mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration and carboxylate amount in rhizosheath relative to root DW. This is the first study to demonstrate that the mature leaf Mn concentration can be used as an easily measurable proxy for the assessment of belowground carboxylate-releasing processes in a range of chickpea genotypes grown under low-P, and therefore offers an important breeding trait, with potential application in other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Emilien Bohuon
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais Cedex, 60000, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Wang Y, Lysøe E, Armarego-Marriott T, Erban A, Paruch L, van Eerde A, Bock R, Liu-Clarke J. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide insights into root and root-released organic anion responses to phosphorus deficiency in oat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3759-3771. [PMID: 29757407 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Roots and root-released organic anions play important roles in uptake of phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient for food production. Oat, ranking sixth in the world's cereal production, contains valuable nutritional compounds and can withstand poor soil conditions. Our aim was to investigate root transcriptional and metabolic responses of oat grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. We conducted a hydroponic experiment and measured root morphology and organic anion exudation, and analysed changes in the transcriptome and metabolome. Oat roots showed enhanced citrate and malate exudation after 4 weeks of P deficiency. After 10 d of P deficiency, we identified 9371 differentially expressed transcripts with a 2-fold or greater change (P<0.05): 48 sequences predicted to be involved in organic anion biosynthesis and efflux were consistently up-regulated; 24 up-regulated transcripts in oat were also found to be up-regulated upon P starvation in rice and wheat under similar conditions. Phosphorylated metabolites (i.e. glucose-6-phosphate, myo-inositol phosphate) were reduced dramatically, while citrate and malate, some sugars and amino acids increased slightly in P-deficient oat roots. Our data are consistent with a strategy of increased organic anion efflux and a shift in primary metabolism in response to P deficiency in oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Wang
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Erik Lysøe
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lisa Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Xi Y, Song Y, Johnson DM, Li M, Liu H, Huang Y. Se enhanced phytoremediation of diesel in soil by Trifolium repens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:137-144. [PMID: 29459163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A pot-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effects of selenium (Se) (0.5 mg kg-1) on Trifolium repens exposed to various levels of diesel (0, 15, 20, 25 g kg-1) for 30 days and 60 days. Exposure to diesel for 60 day led to concentration-dependent decreases in root morphogenesis, chlorophyll content and CAT activity, and to dose-dependent increases in MDA content and SOD activity. The residual diesel concentration in soil increased and the removal efficiency decreased with soil diesel concentration. The chlorophyll content and residual diesel concentration after were slightly higher at 30 days than at 60days. Application of Se to soil increased Trifolium repens tolerance to diesel and significantly increased the phytoremediation effect at 60 days, with a removal rate of 36 ± 8%, compared to 28 ± 7% in the control. These results contribute to the ongoing effort to develop an effective phytoremediation system for soils highly contaminated by diesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - David M Johnson
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Huigang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China.
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Daxue Road 8#, Yichang 443002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Huang G, Liang W, Sturrock CJ, Pandey BK, Giri J, Mairhofer S, Wang D, Muller L, Tan H, York LM, Yang J, Song Y, Kim YJ, Qiao Y, Xu J, Kepinski S, Bennett MJ, Zhang D. Rice actin binding protein RMD controls crown root angle in response to external phosphate. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2346. [PMID: 29892032 PMCID: PMC5995806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root angle has a major impact on acquisition of nutrients like phosphate that accumulate in topsoil and in many species; low phosphate induces shallower root growth as an adaptive response. Identifying genes and mechanisms controlling root angle is therefore of paramount importance to plant breeding. Here we show that the actin-binding protein Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) controls root growth angle by linking actin filaments and gravity-sensing organelles termed statoliths. RMD is upregulated in response to low external phosphate and mutants lacking of RMD have steeper crown root growth angles that are unresponsive to phosphate levels. RMD protein localizes to the surface of statoliths, and rmd mutants exhibit faster gravitropic response owing to more rapid statoliths movement. We conclude that adaptive changes to root angle in response to external phosphate availability are RMD dependent, providing a potential target for breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Stefan Mairhofer
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daoyang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lukas Muller
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Larry M York
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jing Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yu Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough Leicstershire, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- University of Adelaide-SJTU Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, 5064, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Campos P, Borie F, Cornejo P, López-Ráez JA, López-García Á, Seguel A. Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency Related to Root Traits: Is Mycorrhizal Symbiosis a Key Factor to Wheat and Barley Cropping? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:752. [PMID: 29922321 PMCID: PMC5996197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are major crops cultivated around the world, thus playing a crucial role on human diet. Remarkably, the growing human population requires a significant increase in agricultural production in order to feed everybody. In this context, phosphorus (P) management is a key factor as it is component of organic molecules such as nucleic acids, ATP and phospholipids, and it is the most abundant macronutrient in biomass after nitrogen (N), although being one of the scarcest elements in the lithosphere. In general, P fertilization has low efficiency, as only a fraction of the applied P is acquired by roots, leaving a substantial amount to be accumulated in soil as not readily available P. Breeding for P-efficient cultivars is a relatively low cost alternative and can be done through two mechanisms: i) improving P use efficiency (PUE), and/or ii) P acquisition efficiency (PAE). PUE is related to the internal allocation/mobilization of P, and is usually represented by the amount of P accumulated per biomass. PAE relies on roots ability to acquire P from the soil, and is commonly expressed as the relative difference of P acquired under low and high P availability conditions. In this review, plant adaptations related to improved PAE are described, with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which is generally accepted to enhance plant P acquisition. A state of the art (1980-2018) of AM growth responses and P uptake in wheat and barley is made to discuss about the commonly accepted growth promoting effect and P increased uptake by AM fungi and the contrasting evidence about the generally accepted lack of positive responses in both plant species. Finally, the mechanisms by which AM symbiosis can affect wheat and barley PAE are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering AM functional diversity on future studies and the necessity to improve PAE definition by considering the carbon trading between all the directly related PAE traits and its return to the host plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campos
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan A. López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Section Ecology and Evolution, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Seguel
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Nguyen GN, Kant S. Improving nitrogen use efficiency in plants: effective phenotyping in conjunction with agronomic and genetic approaches. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:606-619. [PMID: 32290963 DOI: 10.1071/fp17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For global sustainable food production and environmental benefits, there is an urgent need to improve N use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertiliser results in increased crop production costs and environmental pollution. Therefore, cost-effective strategies such as proper management of the timing and quantity of N fertiliser application, and breeding for better varieties are needed to improve NUE in crops. However, for these efforts to be feasible, high-throughput and reliable phenotyping techniques would be very useful for monitoring N status in planta, as well as to facilitate faster decisions during breeding and selection processes. This review provides an insight into contemporary approaches to phenotyping NUE-related traits and associated challenges. We discuss recent and advanced, sensor- and image-based phenotyping techniques that use a variety of equipment, tools and platforms. The review also elaborates on how high-throughput phenotyping will accelerate efforts for screening large populations of diverse genotypes in controlled environment and field conditions to identify novel genotypes with improved NUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giao N Nguyen
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Tiwari JK, Plett D, Garnett T, Chakrabarti SK, Singh RK. Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving nitrogen use efficiency in potato: translating knowledge from other crops. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:587-605. [PMID: 32290962 DOI: 10.1071/fp17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Potato plays a key role in global food and nutritional security. Potato is an N fertiliser-responsive crop, producing high tuber yields. However, excessive use of N can result in environmental damage and high production costs, hence improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato plants is one of the sustainable options to address these issues and increase yield. Advanced efforts have been undertaken to improve NUE in other plants like Arabidopsis, rice, wheat and maize through molecular and physiological approaches. Conversely, in potato, NUE studies have predominantly focussed on agronomy or soil management, except for a few researchers who have measured gene expression and proteins relevant to N uptake or metabolism. The focus of this review is to adapt knowledge gained from other plants to inform investigation of N metabolism and associated traits in potato with the aim of improving potato NUE using integrated genomics, physiology and breeding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagesh K Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Trevor Garnett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Swarup K Chakrabarti
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Capstaff NM, Miller AJ. Improving the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29740468 PMCID: PMC5928394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite being some of the most important crops globally, there has been limited research on forages when compared with cereals, fruits, and vegetables. This review summarizes the literature highlighting the significance of forage crops, the current improvements and some of future directions for improving yield and nutritional quality. We make the point that the knowledge obtained from model plant and grain crops can be applied to forage crops. The timely development of genomics and bioinformatics together with genome editing techniques offer great scope to improve forage crops. Given the social, environmental and economic importance of forage across the globe and especially in poorer countries, this opportunity has enormous potential to improve food security and political stability.
Collapse
|
194
|
Higo M, Sato R, Serizawa A, Takahashi Y, Gunji K, Tatewaki Y, Isobe K. Can phosphorus application and cover cropping alter arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and soybean performance after a five-year phosphorus-unfertilized crop rotational system? PeerJ 2018; 6:e4606. [PMID: 29682413 PMCID: PMC5910793 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is important for optimizing their role for phosphorus (P) nutrition of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in P-limited soils. However, it is not clear how soybean growth and P nutrition is related to AMF colonization and diversity of AMF communities in a continuous P-unfertilized cover cropping system. Thus, we investigated the impact of P-application and cover cropping on the interaction among AMF colonization, AMF diversity in soybean roots, soybean growth and P nutrition under a five-year P-unfertilized crop rotation. Methods In this study, we established three cover crop systems (wheat, red clover and oilseed rape) or bare fallow in rotation with soybean. The P-application rates before the seeding of soybeans were 52.5 and 157.5 kg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We measured AMF colonization in soybean roots, soybean growth parameters such as aboveground plant biomass, P uptake at the flowering stage and grain yields at the maturity stage in both years. AMF community structure in soybean roots was characterized by specific amplification of small subunit rDNA. Results The increase in the root colonization at the flowering stage was small as a result of P-application. Cover cropping did not affect the aboveground biomass and P uptake of soybean in both years, but the P-application had positive effects on the soybean performance such as plant P uptake, biomass and grain yield in 2015. AMF communities colonizing soybean roots were also significantly influenced by P-application throughout the two years. Moreover, the diversity of AMF communities in roots was significantly influenced by P-application and cover cropping in both years, and was positively correlated with the soybean biomass, P uptake and grain yield throughout the two years. Discussion Our results indicated that P-application rather than cover cropping may be a key factor for improving soybean growth performance with respect to AMF diversity in P-limited cover cropping systems. Additionally, AMF diversity in roots can potentially contribute to soybean P nutrition even in the P-fertilized cover crop rotational system. Therefore, further investigation into the interaction of AMF diversity, P-application and cover cropping is required for the development of more effective P management practices on soybean growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Higo
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sato
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayu Serizawa
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Gunji
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Tatewaki
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Isobe
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
VELHO LUISP, MELO RITACDE, BERNARDY JOÃOPEDROF, GRIGOLO SIBILA, GUIDOLIN ALTAMIRF, COIMBRA JEFFERSONL. Root distribution and its association with bean growth habit. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1837-1844. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
196
|
Hacisalihoglu G, Burton AL, Gustin JL, Eker S, Asikli S, Heybet EH, Ozturk L, Cakmak I, Yazici A, Burkey KO, Orf J, Settles AM. Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:232-241. [PMID: 29131514 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean (Glycine max) yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low- and high-P environments, soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybean maintains sufficient P in seeds even in low-P soil. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in low-P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimal-P environment. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 (individual seed weight), 0.90 (seed protein), 0.34 (seed oil), and 0.98 (seed number). The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Hacisalihoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Amy L Burton
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jeffery L Gustin
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Selim Eker
- Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Safiye Asikli
- Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Elif Hakli Heybet
- Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atilla Yazici
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent O Burkey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - James Orf
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - A Mark Settles
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Chen X, Li Y, He R, Ding Q. Phenotyping field-state wheat root system architecture for root foraging traits in response to environment×management interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2642. [PMID: 29422488 PMCID: PMC5805786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of below-ground crop physiology is its root foraging performance, which is inherently related to root system architecture (RSA). A 2-yr field experiment was conducted and the field-state wheat RSA was phenotyped for root foraging trait (RFT). Four RSA-derived traits, i.e. Root horizontal angle (RHA), axial root expansion volume (AREV), RSA convex hull volume (CHV) and effective volume per unit root length (EVURL), were analyzed for RFTs in response to environment × management interactions. Results showed a dynamical RHA process but without statistical difference both within crop seasons and tillage treatments. AREV increased with root developmental stages, revealing an overall better root performance in the first year. However, tillage treatments did not induce observed difference within both crop seasons. CHV varied drastically from year to year and between tillage treatments, correlating well to the root length, but not with RHA. EVURL was both sensitive to tillage treatments and crop seasons, being a potential indicator for RFT. Above all, tillage effect on RFT was statistically far less than that induced by crop seasons. Pro/E assisted modeling can be used as an effective means for phenotyping integrated, RSA-derived, RFTs for root foraging response to induced environment × management interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yinian Li
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Ruiyin He
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Qishuo Ding
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Yang X, Liu Y, Wu F, Jiang X, Lin Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ma J, Chen G, Wei Y, Zheng Y. Quantitative trait loci analysis of root traits under phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage in wheat. Genome 2018; 61:209-215. [PMID: 29373804 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of available phosphorus (P) in soil limits wheat production and creates a need to develop P-deficiency-tolerant cultivars. Plant roots, important organs for absorbing nutrients and synthesizing growth regulators, are good candidates for P-efficiency screening. In this study, we evaluated five root traits under hydroponic culture conditions either with (AP) or without (NP) applied P in a recombinant inbred line population (H461/CM107) of Triticum aestivum L. at the seedling stage. Four significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, on chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3D, and 7D in NP-treated plants, explaining up to 13.0%, 11.0%, 14.4%, and 12.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Among these QTL, Qrt.sicau-3D and Qrt.sicau-7D showed pleiotropic and additive effects. All QTL were found to be novel. The diversity array technology markers flanking the QTL were converted to simple sequence repeat markers that can be deployed in future genetic studies of P deficiency. These QTL lead to an increase in root biomass and respond to P-deficiency stress; these characteristics are crucial to improve root traits for breeding or further investigation of the gene(s) involved in P-deficiency tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Zhang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- b College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Holz M, Zarebanadkouki M, Kuzyakov Y, Pausch J, Carminati A. Root hairs increase rhizosphere extension and carbon input to soil. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:61-69. [PMID: 29267846 PMCID: PMC5786240 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although it is commonly accepted that root exudation enhances plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere, experimental data on the spatial distribution of exudates are scarce. Our hypothesis was that root hairs exude organic substances to enlarge the rhizosphere farther from the root surface. METHODS Barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Pallas' - wild type) and its root-hairless mutant (brb) were grown in rhizoboxes and labelled with 14CO2. A filter paper was placed on the soil surface to capture, image and quantify root exudates. KEY RESULTS Plants with root hairs allocated more carbon (C) to roots (wild type: 13 %; brb: 8 % of assimilated 14C) and to rhizosheaths (wild type: 1.2 %; brb: 0.2 %), while hairless plants allocated more C to shoots (wild type: 65 %; brb: 75 %). Root hairs increased the radial rhizosphere extension three-fold, from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. Total exudation on filter paper was three times greater for wild type plants compared to the hairless mutant. CONCLUSION Root hairs increase exudation and spatial rhizosphere extension, which probably enhance rhizosphere interactions and nutrient cycling in larger soil volumes. Root hairs may therefore be beneficial to plants under nutrient-limiting conditions. The greater C allocation below ground in the presence of root hairs may additionally foster C sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maire Holz
- Division of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- For correspondence.
| | | | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems and Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Division of Agroecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Division of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Bowles TM, Jackson LE, Cavagnaro TR. Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant nutrient acquisition and modulate nitrogen loss with variable water regimes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e171-e182. [PMID: 28862782 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will alter both the amount and pattern of precipitation and soil water availability, which will directly affect plant growth and nutrient acquisition, and potentially, ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling and losses as well. Given their role in facilitating plant nutrient acquisition and water stress resistance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may modulate the effects of changing water availability on plants and ecosystem functions. The well-characterized mycorrhizal tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotype 76R (referred to as MYC+) and the mutant mycorrhiza-defective tomato genotype rmc were grown in microcosms in a glasshouse experiment manipulating both the pattern and amount of water supply in unsterilized field soil. Following 4 weeks of differing water regimes, we tested how AM fungi affected plant productivity and nutrient acquisition, short-term interception of a 15NH4+ pulse, and inorganic nitrogen (N) leaching from microcosms. AM fungi enhanced plant nutrient acquisition with both lower and more variable water availability, for instance increasing plant P uptake more with a pulsed water supply compared to a regular supply and increasing shoot N concentration more when lower water amounts were applied. Although uptake of the short-term 15NH4+ pulse was higher in rmc plants, possibly due to higher N demand, AM fungi subtly modulated NO3- leaching, decreasing losses by 54% at low and high water levels in the regular water regime, with small absolute amounts of NO3- leached (<1 kg N/ha). Since this study shows that AM fungi will likely be an important moderator of plant and ecosystem responses to adverse effects of more variable precipitation, management strategies that bolster AM fungal communities may in turn create systems that are more resilient to these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Louise E Jackson
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|