151
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Hu Z, Shen WJ, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Regulation of adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis by miR-132. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:269-283. [PMID: 28729436 PMCID: PMC6376965 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-132 is hormonally regulated in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal gland, ovary and testis. Here, we examined the potential role of miR-132 in the control of steroidogenesis. Transfection of Y1 adrenal cells with miR-132 increased mRNAs of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD enzymes, which catalyze the sequential conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone to biologically inactive 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP). Overexpression of miR-132 reduced MeCP2 and StAR protein expression, basal progestin (progesterone and 20α-OHP) production, but enhanced their production in response to cAMP stimulation. Use of [3H] pregnenolone and free-diffusible 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol further confirmed that miR-132 promotes the production of 20α-OHP by upregulating 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Evidence is also presented that StAR is a direct target of miR-132. Transient transfection of Y1 cells with miR-132 demonstrated that miR-132 induction of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD was accompanied by significant suppression of one of its target gene products, MeCP2. In contrast, co-expression of miR-132 plus MeCP2 protein partially blocked the ability of miR-132 to upregulate the expression and function of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Moreover, suppression of MeCP2 protein with siRNA resulted in increased expression of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD, further demonstrating that miR-132 induces the expression of these two enzymes via inhibition of MeCP2. Likewise, overexpression of miR-132 increased 20α-OHP production with and without HDL loading, while knockdown of miR-132 resulted in a significant decrease of 20α-OHP production by granulosa cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-132 attenuates steroidogenesis by repressing StAR expression and inducing 20α-HSD via inhibition of MeCP2 to generate a biologically inactive 20α-OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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152
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Saraiva C, Esteves M, Bernardino L. MicroRNA: Basic concepts and implications for regeneration and repair of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:118-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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153
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Wang CY, Deneen B, Tzeng SF. MicroRNA-212 inhibits oligodendrocytes during maturation by down-regulation of differentiation-associated gene expression. J Neurochem 2017; 143:112-125. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas USA
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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154
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Louis LK, Gopurappilly R, Surendran H, Dutta S, Pal R. Transcriptional profiling of human neural precursors post alcohol exposure reveals impaired neurogenesis via dysregulation of ERK signaling and miR-145. J Neurochem 2017; 146:47-62. [PMID: 28833141 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gestational alcohol exposure causes a range of neuropsychological disorders by modulating neurodevelopmental genes and proteins. The extent of damage depends on the stage of the embryo as well as dosage, duration and frequency of exposure. Here, we investigated the neurotoxic effects of alcohol using human embryonic stem cells. Multiple read-outs were engaged to assess the proliferation and differentiation capacity of neural precursor cells upon exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 48 h corresponding to the blood alcohol levels for binge drinkers. Whole-genome analysis revealed a spatiotemporal dysregulation of neuronal- and glial-specific gene expression that play critical roles in central nervous system (CNS) development. Alterations observed in the transcriptome may be attributed to epigenetic constitution witnessed by differential histone H3 Lys-4/Lys-27 modifications and acetylation status. In-depth mRNA and protein expression studies revealed abrogated extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling in alcohol-treated cells. Consistent with this finding, ingenuity pathway analysis and micro-RNA profiling demonstrated up-regulation of miR-145 by targeting the neural specifier Sox-2. We also show that the neurite branching complexity of tubulin, beta 3 class III+ neurons was greatly reduced in response to alcohol. Finally, in vivo studies using zebrafish embryos reconfirmed the in vitro findings. Employing molecular endpoints in a human model, this report indicates for the first time that acute alcohol exposure could lead to impaired brain development via perturbation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway and miR-145. However, it still needs to be addressed whether these modulations sustain throughout development, compromising the ability of the individual during adulthood and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lithin K Louis
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Harshini Surendran
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bangalore, India
| | - Sunit Dutta
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, TransDisciplinary University, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India
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155
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Xia T, Chu S, Cui Y, Xu F, Liu Y, Song J, Qian Y, Shao X, Li X, Gu X, Ma Z. The Role of NR2B-CREB-miR212/132-CRTC1-CREB Signal Network in Pain Regulation In Vitro and In Vivo. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:2045-2053. [PMID: 28244951 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a debilitating threat to human health, and its molecular mechanism remains undefined. Previous studies have illustrated a key role of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in pain regulation; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and microRNA212/132 (miR212/132) are also vital in synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about the interaction among these factors in pain condition. We conducted this experiment mainly to determine the crosstalk between CREB, CRTC1, and miR212/132 in vitro. Moreover, we explored the changes in hyperalgesia on chronic constrictive injury (CCI) mouse in vivo when given CREB-related adenovirus vectors, CRTC1-related adenovirus vectors, and miR212/132-locked nucleic acid (LNA). METHODS We cultured primary neurons in the spinal cord of mouse embryos. Exogenous glutamate was added to cultured neurons to simulate in vivo pain process. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine changes of NR2B, CRTC1, CREB, and miR212/132 at the mRNA level; Western blot was used to detect p-NR2B, p-CREB, and CRTC1 at protein level. Von Frey cilia were used to study mechanical hyperalgesia in a murine model of CCI. CREB-miR (adenovirus vector interfering CREB gene), CREB-AD (adenovirus vector overexpressing CREB gene); CRTC1-miR (adenovirus vector interfering CRTC1 gene), CRTC1-AD (adenovirus vector overexpressing CRTC1 gene), and miR212/132-LNA were injected intrathecally. RESULTS In vitro, 100 μmol/L glutamate induced p-CREB and miR212/132-LNA. CRTC1 protein was downregulated by CREB-miR and miR212/132-LNA. CRTC1 mRNA was upregulated by CREB-AD and downregulated by CREB-miR and miR212-LNA. P-CREB was upregulated by CRTC1-AD and downregulated by miR212/132. CREB mRNA was upregulated by CRTC1-AD and downregulated by CRTC1-miR. MiR212/132 was upregulated by CRTC1-AD and CREB-AD; downregulated by CREB-miR. In vivo, CRTC1-miR, CREB-miR, and miR212/132-LNA increased paw withdrawal mechanical threshold in various degrees. CONCLUSIONS The NR2B-CREB-miR212/132-CRTC1-CREB signal network plays an important role in the regulation of pain. Intervening with any molecule in this signal network would reduce pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xia
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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156
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Ghibaudi M, Boido M, Vercelli A. Functional integration of complex miRNA networks in central and peripheral lesion and axonal regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:69-93. [PMID: 28779869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New players are emerging in the game of peripheral and central nervous system injury since their physiopathological mechanisms remain partially elusive. These mechanisms are characterized by several molecules whose activation and/or modification following a trauma is often controlled at transcriptional level. In this scenario, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been identified as main actors in coordinating important molecular pathways in nerve or spinal cord injury (SCI). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs whose functionality at network level is now emerging as a new level of complexity. Indeed they can act as an organized network to provide a precise control of several biological processes. Here we describe the functional synergy of some miRNAs in case of SCI and peripheral damage. In particular we show how several small RNAs can cooperate in influencing simultaneously the molecular pathways orchestrating axon regeneration, inflammation, apoptosis and remyelination. We report about the networks for which miRNA-target bindings have been experimentally demonstrated or inferred based on target prediction data: in both cases, the connection between one miRNA and its downstream pathway is derived from a validated observation or is predicted from the literature. Hence, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in some pathological processes focusing on their functional structure as participating in a cooperative and/or convergence network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghibaudi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Italy.
| | - M Boido
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Italy
| | - A Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Italy
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157
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Qiao G, Xia D, Cheng Z, Zhang G. miR-132 in atrial fibrillation directly targets connective tissue growth factor. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4143-4150. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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158
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MiR-140/BDNF axis regulates normal human astrocyte proliferation and LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:899-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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159
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Rajman M, Schratt G. MicroRNAs in neural development: from master regulators to fine-tuners. Development 2017; 144:2310-2322. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.144337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper formation and function of neuronal networks is required for cognition and behavior. Indeed, pathophysiological states that disrupt neuronal networks can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia or intellectual disability. It is well-established that transcriptional programs play major roles in neural circuit development. However, in recent years, post-transcriptional control of gene expression has emerged as an additional, and probably equally important, regulatory layer. In particular, it has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of small regulatory RNAs, can regulate neuronal circuit development, maturation and function by controlling, for example, local mRNA translation. It is also becoming clear that miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a role for miRNAs in the etiology and/or maintenance of neurological disease states. Here, we provide an overview of the most prominent regulatory miRNAs that control neural development, highlighting how they act as ‘master regulators’ or ‘fine-tuners’ of gene expression, depending on context, to influence processes such as cell fate determination, cell migration, neuronal polarization and synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Rajman
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
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160
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Haviv R, Oz E, Soreq H. The Stress-Responding miR-132-3p Shows Evolutionarily Conserved Pathway Interactions. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:141-153. [PMID: 28667373 PMCID: PMC5775983 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA chains that can each interact with the 3′-untranslated region of multiple target transcripts in various organisms, humans included. MiRNAs tune entire biological pathways, spanning stress reactions, by regulating the stability and/or translation of their targets. MiRNA genes are often subject to co-evolutionary changes together with their target transcripts, which may be reflected by differences between paralog mouse and primate miRNA/mRNA pairs. However, whether such evolution occurred in stress-related miRNAs remained largely unknown. Here, we report that the stress-induced evolutionarily conserved miR-132-3p, its target transcripts and its regulated pathways provide an intriguing example to exceptionally robust conservation. Mice and human miR-132-3p share six experimentally validated targets and 18 predicted targets with a common miRNA response element. Enrichment analysis and mining in-house and web-available experimental data identified co-regulation by miR-132 in mice and humans of stress-related, inflammatory, metabolic, and neuronal growth pathways. Our findings demonstrate pan-mammalian preservation of miR-132′s neuronal roles, and call for further exploring the corresponding stress-related implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Haviv
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eden Oz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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161
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Hara Y, Ago Y, Takano E, Hasebe S, Nakazawa T, Hashimoto H, Matsuda T, Takuma K. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid increases miR-132 levels in the mouse embryonic brain. Mol Autism 2017; 8:33. [PMID: 28670439 PMCID: PMC5490164 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNAs, are highly expressed in the mammalian brain, and the dysregulation of microRNA levels may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the present study, we examined whether prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure affects levels of microRNAs, especially the brain specific and enriched microRNAs, in the mouse embryonic brain. Results Prenatal exposure to VPA at E12.5 immediately increased miR-132 levels, but not miR-9 or miR-124 levels, in the male embryonic brain. Prenatal exposure to VPA at E12.5 also increased miR-132 levels in the female embryonic brain. We further found that the prenatal exposure to VPA at E12.5 increased mRNA levels of Arc, c-Fos and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in both male and female embryonic brains, prior to miR-132 expression. In contrast, prenatal exposure to VPA at E14.5 did not affect miR-132 levels in either male or female embryonic brain. The prenatal VPA exposure at E12.5 also decreased mRNA levels of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 and Rho GTPase-activating protein p250GAP, both of which are molecular targets of miR-132. Furthermore, RNA sequence analysis revealed that prenatal VPA exposure caused changes in several microRNA levels other than miR-132 in the embryonic whole brain. Conclusions These findings suggest that the alterations in neuronal activity-dependent microRNAs levels, including an increased level of miR-132, in the embryonic period, at least in part, underlie the ASD-like behaviors and cortical pathology produced by prenatal VPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Erika Takano
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Hasebe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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162
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Analyses of PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes reveal unique and specific cAMP-signaling modules in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28634298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703939114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific functions for different cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have not yet been identified in most cell types. Conventional approaches to study PDE function typically rely on measurements of global cAMP, general increases in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), or the activity of exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC). Although newer approaches using subcellularly targeted FRET reporter sensors have helped define more compartmentalized regulation of cAMP, PKA, and EPAC, they have limited ability to link this regulation to downstream effector molecules and biological functions. To address this problem, we have begun to use an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach coupled with treatment using PDE isozyme-selective inhibitors to characterize the phosphoproteomes of the functional pools of cAMP/PKA/EPAC that are regulated by specific cAMP-PDEs (the PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes). In Jurkat cells we find multiple, distinct PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes that can be defined by their responses to different PDE inhibitors. We also find that little phosphorylation occurs unless at least two different PDEs are concurrently inhibited in these cells. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses of these phosphoproteomes provide insight into the unique functional roles, mechanisms of action, and synergistic relationships among the different PDEs that coordinate cAMP-signaling cascades in these cells. The data strongly suggest that the phosphorylation of many different substrates contributes to cAMP-dependent regulation of these cells. The findings further suggest that the approach of using selective, inhibitor-dependent phosphoproteome analysis can provide a generalized methodology for understanding the roles of different PDEs in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling.
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163
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The Role of CREB, SRF, and MEF2 in Activity-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity in the Visual Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6628-6637. [PMID: 28607167 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0766-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors CREB (cAMP response element binding factor), SRF (serum response factor), and MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) play critical roles in the mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity. However, the role of the activation of these transcription factors in the different components of plasticity in vivo is not well known. In this study, we tested the role of CREB, SRF, and MEF2 in ocular dominance plasticity (ODP), a paradigm of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity in the visual cortex. These three proteins bind to the synaptic activity response element (SARE), an enhancer sequence found upstream of many plasticity-related genes (Kawashima et al., 2009; Rodríguez-Tornos et al., 2013), and can act cooperatively to express Arc, a gene required for ODP (McCurry et al., 2010). We used viral-mediated gene transfer to block the transcription function of CREB, SRF, and MEF2 in the visual cortex, and measured visually evoked potentials in awake male and female mice before and after a 7 d monocular deprivation, which allowed us to examine both the depression component (Dc-ODP) and potentiation component (Pc-ODP) of plasticity independently. We found that CREB, SRF, and MEF2 are all required for ODP, but have differential effects on Dc-ODP and Pc-ODP. CREB is necessary for both Dc-ODP and Pc-ODP, whereas SRF and MEF2 are only needed for Dc-ODP. This finding supports previous reports implicating SRF and MEF2 in long-term depression (required for Dc-ODP), and CREB in long-term potentiation (required for Pc-ODP).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is the cellular basis for learning and memory, and it is crucial for the refinement of neuronal circuits during development. Identifying the mechanisms of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is crucial to finding therapeutic interventions in the myriad of disorders where it is disrupted, such as Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Transcription factors are essential nuclear proteins that trigger the expression of gene programs required for long-term functional and structural plasticity changes. Our results elucidate the specific role of the transcription factors CREB, SRF, and MEF2 in the depression and potentiation components of ODP in vivo, therefore better informing future attempts to find therapeutic targets for diseases where activity-dependent plasticity is disrupted.
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164
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Mazziotti R, Baroncelli L, Ceglia N, Chelini G, Sala GD, Magnan C, Napoli D, Putignano E, Silingardi D, Tola J, Tognini P, Arthur JSC, Baldi P, Pizzorusso T. Mir-132/212 is required for maturation of binocular matching of orientation preference and depth perception. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15488. [PMID: 28534484 PMCID: PMC5457514 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation, but their role in postnatal brain development is still poorly explored. We show that the expression of many miRNAs is dramatically regulated during functional maturation of the mouse visual cortex with miR-132/212 family being one of the top upregulated miRNAs. Age-downregulated transcripts are significantly enriched in miR-132/miR-212 putative targets and in genes upregulated in miR-132/212 null mice. At a functional level, miR-132/212 deletion affects development of receptive fields of cortical neurons determining a specific impairment of binocular matching of orientation preference, but leaving orientation and direction selectivity unaltered. This deficit is associated with reduced depth perception in the visual cliff test. Deletion of miR-132/212 from forebrain excitatory neurons replicates the binocular matching deficits. Thus, miR-132/212 family shapes the age-dependent transcriptome of the visual cortex during a specific developmental window resulting in maturation of binocular cortical cells and depth perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mazziotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi—Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicholas Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gabriele Chelini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi—Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Grazia Della Sala
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi—Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Debora Napoli
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Silingardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi—Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Jonida Tola
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Tognini
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi—Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
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165
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Zhang S, Liang Z, Sun W, Pei L. Repeated propofol anesthesia induced downregulation of hippocampal miR-132 and learning and memory impairment of rats. Brain Res 2017; 1670:156-164. [PMID: 28465226 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that neonatal exposure to propofol may cause neurotoxicity in the hippocampus, involving long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. We aimed to detect real-time changes of miR-132 of neonatal rats exposed to propofol anesthesia and to characterize subsequent changes in learning and memory. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with 40mg/kg propofol at 0, 120, and 240 min or with isotonic fat emulsion as controls. Expression levels of miR-132 were assessed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of p250GAP, a prominent target for miR-132, were evaluated at different time points during development. Dendritic spines were counted, and the learning and memory abilities were also investigated. We found that repeated propofol anesthesia resulted in a significant downregulation of miR-132 levels and a decrease in the number of dendritic spines in the hippocampus leading to learning and memory dysfunction. Therefore, repeated propofol anesthesia induces downregulation of miR-132 and learning and memory impairment in the hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zuodi Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenchong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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166
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Chiang CK, Ong JLK, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Bouchard-Cannon P, Fana M, Lowden C, Zhang P, Bothorel B, Michniewicz MG, Magill ST, Holmes MM, Goodman RH, Simonneaux V, Figeys D, Cheng HYM. miR-132/212 Modulates Seasonal Adaptation and Dendritic Morphology of the Central Circadian Clock. Cell Rep 2017; 19:505-520. [PMID: 28423315 PMCID: PMC5864111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), encodes day length information by mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we report that genetic ablation of miR-132/212 alters entrainment to different day lengths and non-24 hr day-night cycles, as well as photoperiodic regulation of Period2 expression in the SCN. SCN neurons from miR-132/212-deficient mice have significantly reduced dendritic spine density, along with altered methyl CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) rhythms. In Syrian hamsters, a model seasonal rodent, day length regulates spine density on SCN neurons in a melatonin-independent manner, as well as expression of miR-132, miR-212, and their direct target, MeCP2. Genetic disruption of Mecp2 fully restores the level of dendritic spines of miR-132/212-deficient SCN neurons. Our results reveal that, by regulating the dendritic structure of SCN neurons through a MeCP2-dependent mechanism, miR-132/212 affects the capacity of the SCN to encode seasonal time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jonathan L K Ong
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Michael Fana
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Christopher Lowden
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Béatrice Bothorel
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew G Michniewicz
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Stephen T Magill
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa M Holmes
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying M Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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167
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Nguyen LH, Gao M, Lin J, Wu W, Wang J, Chew SY. Three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold for controlled non-viral drug/gene delivery to direct axon regeneration in spinal cord injury treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42212. [PMID: 28169354 PMCID: PMC5294639 DOI: 10.1038/srep42212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) often lead to persistent neurological dysfunction due to failure in axon regeneration. Unfortunately, currently established treatments, such as direct drug administration, do not effectively treat SCI due to rapid drug clearance from our bodies. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold as a bio-functionalized platform to provide sustained non-viral delivery of proteins and nucleic acid therapeutics (small non-coding RNAs), along with synergistic contact guidance for nerve injury treatment. A hemi-incision model at cervical level 5 in the rat spinal cord was chosen to evaluate the efficacy of this scaffold design. Specifically, aligned axon regeneration was observed as early as one week post-injury. In addition, no excessive inflammatory response and scar tissue formation was triggered. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of our scaffold for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Mingyong Gao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junquan Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center of Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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168
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MicroRNAs underlying memory deficits in neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:79-86. [PMID: 27117821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are defined by neuronal loss and often associated with dementia. Understanding the multifactorial nature of cognitive decline is of particular interest. Cell loss is certainly a possibility but also an early imbalance in the complex gene networks involved in learning and memory. The small (~22nt) non-coding microRNAs play a major role in gene expression regulation and have been linked to neuronal survival and cognition. Interestingly, changes in microRNA signatures are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we explore the role of three microRNAs, namely miR-132, miR-124 and miR-34, which are dysregulated in major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Interestingly, these microRNAs have been associated with both memory impairment and neuronal survival, providing a potential common molecular mechanism contributing to dementia.
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169
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Zhuo C, Hou W, Hu L, Lin C, Chen C, Lin X. Genomic Editing of Non-Coding RNA Genes with CRISPR/Cas9 Ushers in a Potential Novel Approach to Study and Treat Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:28. [PMID: 28217082 PMCID: PMC5289958 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a genetically related mental illness, in which the majority of genetic alterations occur in the non-coding regions of the human genome. In the past decade, a growing number of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be strongly associated with schizophrenia. However, the studies of these ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the reverting of their genetic defects in restoration of the normal phenotype have been hampered by insufficient technology to manipulate these ncRNA genes effectively as well as a lack of appropriate animal models. Most recently, a revolutionary gene editing technology known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9; CRISPR/Cas9) has been developed that enable researchers to overcome these challenges. In this review article, we mainly focus on the schizophrenia-related ncRNAs and the use of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing on the non-coding regions of the genomic DNA in proving causal relationship between the genetic defects and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We subsequently discuss the potential of translating this advanced technology into a clinical therapy for schizophrenia, although the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is currently still in its infancy and immature to put into use in the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, we suggest strategies to accelerate the pace from the bench to the bedside. This review describes the application of the powerful and feasible CRISPR/Cas9 technology to manipulate schizophrenia-associated ncRNA genes. This technology could help researchers tackle this complex health problem and perhaps other genetically related mental disorders due to the overlapping genetic alterations of schizophrenia with other mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anning HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Lirong Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
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170
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Huang GH, Sun ZL, Li HJ, Feng DF. Rho GTPase-activating proteins: Regulators of Rho GTPase activity in neuronal development and CNS diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:18-31. [PMID: 28163190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases was considered as molecular switches in regulating multiple cellular events, including cytoskeleton reorganization. The Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are one of the major families of Rho GTPase regulators. RhoGAPs were initially considered negative mediators of Rho signaling pathways via their GAP domain. Recent studies have demonstrated that RhoGAPs also regulate numerous aspects of neuronal development and are related to various neurodegenerative diseases in GAP-dependent and GAP-independent manners. Moreover, RhoGAPs are regulated through various mechanisms, such as phosphorylation. To date, approximately 70 RhoGAPs have been identified; however, only a small portion has been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the characterization of important RhoGAPs in the central nervous system is crucial to understand their spatiotemporal role during different stages of neuronal development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoGAPs in the brain with an emphasis on their molecular function, regulation mechanism and disease implications in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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171
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Shah P, Cho SK, Thulstrup PW, Bjerrum MJ, Lee PH, Kang JH, Bhang YJ, Yang SW. MicroRNA Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Emerging Nano-Sensors Technology. J Mov Disord 2017; 10:18-28. [PMID: 28122423 PMCID: PMC5288660 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential small RNA molecules (20–24 nt) that negatively regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Due to their roles in a variety of biological processes, the aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers for many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to precisely, rapidly and economically monitor the expression of miRNAs, many cutting-edge nanotechnologies have been developed. One of the nanotechnologies, based on DNA encapsulated silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs), has increasingly been adopted to create nanoscale bio-sensing systems due to its attractive optical properties, such as brightness, tuneable emission wavelengths and photostability. Using the DNA/AgNCs sensor methods, the presence of miRNAs can be detected simply by monitoring the fluorescence alteration of DNA/AgNCs sensors. We introduce these DNA/ AgNCs sensor methods and discuss their possible applications for detecting miRNA biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shah
- UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seok Keun Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Seong Wook Yang
- UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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172
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Malan-Müller S, Hemmings S. The Big Role of Small RNAs in Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders. ANXIETY 2017; 103:85-129. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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173
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Nadim WD, Simion V, Bénédetti H, Pichon C, Baril P, Morisset-Lopez S. MicroRNAs in Neurocognitive Dysfunctions: New Molecular Targets for Pharmacological Treatments? Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:260-275. [PMID: 27396304 PMCID: PMC5412695 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160709001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders are multifactorial diseases (i.e., involving neurodevelopmental, genetic, age or environmental factors) characterized by an abnormal development that affects neuronal function and integrity. Recently, an increasing number of studies revealed that the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the etiology of cognitive disorders as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington's diseases, Schizophrenia and Autism spectrum disorders. METHODS From an extensive search in bibliographic databases of peer-reviewed research literature, we identified relevant published studies related to specific key words such as memory, cognition, neurodegenerative disorders, neurogenesis and miRNA. We then analysed, evaluated and summerized scientific evidences derived from these studies. RESULTS We first briefly summarize the basic molecular events involved in memory, a process inherent to cognitive disease, and then describe the role of miRNAs in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and memory. Secondly, we provide an overview of the impact of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of different neurocognitive disorders, and lastly discuss the feasibility of miRNA-based therapeutics in the treatment of these disorders. CONCLUSION This review highlights the molecular basis of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders by focusing on the impact of miRNAs dysregulation in these pathological phenotypes. Altogether, the published reports suggest that miRNAs-based therapy could be a viable therapeutic alternative to current treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Deraredj Nadim
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Viorel Simion
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
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174
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Quinlan S, Kenny A, Medina M, Engel T, Jimenez-Mateos EM. MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases. MIRNAS IN AGING AND CANCER 2017; 334:309-343. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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175
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Li G, Ling S. MiR-124 Promotes Newborn Olfactory Bulb Neuron Dendritic Morphogenesis and Spine Density. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:159-168. [PMID: 27924451 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using microarray analysis, we detected microRNA-124 (miR-124) to be abundantly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB). miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, much less is known about its role in newborn OB neurons. Here, using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that brain-specific miR-124 affects dendritic morphogenesis and spine density in newborn OB neurons. Functional Annotation Clustering of miR-124 targets was enriched in "cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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176
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What we know about TMEM106B in neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:639-651. [PMID: 27543298 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 50,000 people in the United States alone. The most common pathological subtype of FTLD is the presence of ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accumulations in frontal and temporal brain regions at autopsy. While some cases of FTLD-TDP can be attributed to the inheritance of disease-causing mutations, the majority of cases arise with no known genetic cause. In 2010, the first genome-wide association study was conducted in patients with FTLD-TDP to determine potential genetic risk factors for this homogenous subgroup of dementia patients, leading to the identification of the TMEM106B locus on chromosome 7. In this manuscript, we review the initial discovery and replication studies describing TMEM106B variants as disease risk factors and modifiers in TDP-43 proteinopathies, such as FTLD-TDP caused by progranulin (GRN) or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) mutations, as well as Alzheimer's disease and hippocampal sclerosis. We further summarize what is currently known about the previously uncharacterized TMEM106B protein and its role as a potential regulator of lysosomal function, and we discuss how modifying TMEM106B levels might uncover promising therapeutic strategies for individuals suffering from TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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177
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Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Learning and Memory and Improves Synaptic Plasticity via Activation of the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Hypoperfusion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7893710. [PMID: 27829866 PMCID: PMC5088321 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7893710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown protective effects on cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are ill-understood. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the cognitive function was ameliorated in cerebral hypoperfusion rats following EA and to investigate the role of PKA/CREB pathway. We used a rat 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) model and delivered EA at Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) acupoints. Morris water maze (MWM) task, electrophysiological recording, Golgi silver stain, Nissl stain, Western blot, and real-time PCR were employed. EA significantly (1) ameliorated the spatial learning and memory deficits, (2) alleviated long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment and the reduction of dendritic spine density, (3) suppressed the decline of phospho-CREB (pCREB) protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein, and microRNA132 (miR132), and (4) reduced the increase of p250GAP protein of 2VO rats. These changes were partially blocked by a selective protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H89), suggesting that the PKA/CREB pathway is potentially involved in the effects of EA. Moreover, any significant damage to the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 subregion was absent. These results demonstrated that EA could ameliorate learning and memory deficits and alleviate hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment of cerebral hypoperfusion rats, potentially mediated by PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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178
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Rizos E, Siafakas N, Skourti E, Papageorgiou C, Tsoporis J, Parker TH, Christodoulou DI, Spandidos DA, Katsantoni E, Zoumpourlis V. miRNAs and their role in the correlation between schizophrenia and cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4942-4946. [PMID: 27748930 PMCID: PMC5355746 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and cancer (Ca) have a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes and a complex biological background, implicating a large number of genetic and epigenetic factors. SZ is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder signified by an increase in the expression of apoptotic molecular signals, whereas Ca is conversely characterized by an increase in appropriate molecular signaling that stimulates uncontrolled cell proliferation. The rather low risk of developing Ca in patients suffering from SZ is a hypothesis that is still under debate. Recent evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), a large group of small non-coding oligonoucleotides, may play a significant role in the development of Ca and major psychiatric disorders, such as SZ, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, suicidality and depression, through their interference with the expression of multiple genes. For instance, the possible role of let-7, miR-98 and miR-183 as biomarkers for Ca and SZ was investigated in our previous research studies. Therefore, further investigations on the expression profiles of these regulatory, small RNA molecules and the molecular pathways through which they exert their control may provide a plausible explanation as to whether there is a correlation between psychiatric disorders and low risk of developing Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rizos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', Athens 124 62, Greece
| | - N Siafakas
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', Athens 124 62, Greece
| | - E Skourti
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - C Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 'Eginition' Hospital, Athens 115 28, Greece
| | - J Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Centre, Institute of Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - T H Parker
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Centre, Institute of Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - D I Christodoulou
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - D A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - E Katsantoni
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Hematology‑Oncology Division, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - V Zoumpourlis
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 116 35, Greece
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179
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Regulation of Axon Regeneration by MicroRNAs after Spinal Cord Injury. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1279051. [PMID: 27818801 PMCID: PMC5081430 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1279051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating disease which disrupts the connections between the brain and spinal cord, often resulting in the loss of sensory and motor function below the lesion site. Most injured neurons fail to regenerate in the central nervous system after injury. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the general failure of axonal regeneration after injury. MicroRNAs can modulate multiple genes' expression and are tightly controlled during nerve development or the injury process. Evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs and their signaling pathways play important roles in mediating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury. This article reviews the role and mechanism of differentially expressed microRNAs in regulating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury, as well as their therapeutic potential for promoting axonal regeneration and repair of the injured spinal cord.
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180
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Vierci G, Pannunzio B, Bornia N, Rossi FM. H3 and H4 Lysine Acetylation Correlates with Developmental and Experimentally Induced Adult Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:49-64. [PMID: 27891053 PMCID: PMC5117113 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications play a fundamental role in orchestrating gene expression. In this work, we analyzed the acetylation of H3 and H4 histones (AcH3-AcH4) and its modulation by visual experience in the mouse visual cortex (VC) during normal development and in two experimental conditions that restore juvenile-like plasticity levels in adults (fluoxetine treatment and enriched environment). We found that AcH3-AcH4 declines with age and is upregulated by treatments restoring plasticity in the adult. We also found that visual experience modulates AcH3-AcH4 in young and adult plasticity-restored mice but not in untreated ones. Finally, we showed that the transporter vGAT is downregulated in adult plasticity-restored models. In summary, we identified a dynamic regulation of AcH3-AcH4, which is associated with high plasticity levels and enhanced by visual experience. These data, along with recent ones, indicate H3-H4 acetylation as a central hub in the control of experience-dependent plasticity in the VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vierci
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Pannunzio
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Bornia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francesco M Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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181
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Wu TH, Yin F, Peng J, Kong HM, Li LH. [Effect of a microRNA-132 antagonist on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in young rats]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1030-1034. [PMID: 27751226 PMCID: PMC7389546 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of a microRNA-132 antagonist on lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in young Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Forty-five 3-week-old SD rats were randomly and equally divided into epilepticus model group, microRNA-132 antagonist group, and microRNA-132 antagonist negative control group. The young SD rat model of SE was established using lithium-pilocarpine. For the microRNA-132 antagonist group and the negative control group, pretreatment was performed 24 hours before the model establishment. Behavioral observation was performed to assess the latency of SE and success rate of induction of SE. The scale of Lado was used to evaluate the seizure severity. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess the frequency and amplitude of epileptiform discharges. The mortality rate was calculated in each group. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the success rate of induction of SE between the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with the microRNA-132 negative control group and the epilepticus model group, the microRNA-132 antagonist group had significantly prolonged SE latency after model establishment (P<0.05), a significantly lower Lado score of seizure (P<0.05), significantly lower frequency and amplitude of epileptiform discharges on EEG (P<0.05), and a slightly reduced mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with the microRNA-132 antagonist shows an inhibitory effect on the development and progression of lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE in young SD rats. The inhibition of microRNA-132 is likely to be a potential target or direction for drug treatment of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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182
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Rahimian P, He JJ. HIV-1 Tat-shortened neurite outgrowth through regulation of microRNA-132 and its target gene expression. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:247. [PMID: 27634380 PMCID: PMC5025601 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptodendritic damage is a pathological hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, and HIV-1 Tat protein is known to cause such injury in the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of Tat-induced neurite shortening, specifically the roles of miR-132, an important regulator of neurite morphogenesis in this process. METHODS The relationship between Tat expression and miR-132 expression was first determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in Tat-transfected astrocytes and neurons, astrocytes from Tat-transgenic mice, and HIV-infected astrocytes. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine Tat effects on expression of miR-132 target genes methyl CpG-binding protein 2, Rho GTPase activator p250GAP, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Exosomes were isolated from Tat-expressing astrocytes, and exosomal microRNA (miRNA) uptake into neurons was studied using miRNA labeling and flow cytometry. The lactate dehydrogenase release was used to determine the cytotoxicity, while immunostaining was used to determine neurite lengths and synapse formation. Tat basic domain deletion mutant and miR-132 mimic and inhibitor were used to determine the specificity of the relationship between Tat and miR-132 and its effects on astrocytes and neurons and the underlying mechanisms of Tat-induced miR-132 expression. RESULTS Tat significantly induced miR-132 expression, ensuing down-regulation of miR-132 target genes in astrocytes and neurons. miR-132 induction was associated with phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein and required the basic domain of Tat. miRNA-132 induction had no effects on astrocyte activation or survival but was involved in the direct neurotoxicity of Tat. miR-132 was present in astrocyte-derived exosomes and was taken up by neurons, causing neurite shortening. CONCLUSIONS Tat-induced miR-132 expression contributes to both direct and astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity and supports the important roles of miR-132 in controlling neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Rahimian
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Johnny J. He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
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183
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Meydan C, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Soreq H. MicroRNA Regulators of Anxiety and Metabolic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:798-812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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184
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Expressions of miR-132, miR-134, and miR-485 in rat primary motor cortex during transhemispheric functional reorganization after contralateral seventh cervical spinal nerve root transfer following brachial plexus avulsion injuries. Neuroreport 2016; 27:12-7. [PMID: 26544683 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a contralateral healthy seventh cervical spinal nerve root (cC7) to the recipient nerve in the injured side is considered a promising procedure for restoration of the physiological functions of an injured hand after brachial plexus root avulsion injury (BPAI). Growing evidence shows that transhemispheric cortical reorganization plays an important role in the functional recovery of the injured arm after cC7 nerve transfer surgery. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the transhemispheric cortical reorganization after cC7 transfer remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the expression of miR-132, miR-134, and miR-485 in the rat primary motor cortex after cC7 transfer following BPAI by quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated the dynamic alteration in the expression of miR-132, miR-134, and miR-485 in the primary motor cortex of rats after cC7 transfer following BPAI. It indicates that microRNAs are involved in the dynamic transhemispheric functional reorganization after cC7 root transfer following BPAI. Together, this study is the first to provide evidence for the involvement of microRNAs during dynamic transhemispheric functional reorganization after cC7 transfer following BPAI. The results are useful for understanding the mechanism underlying transhemispheric functional reorganization after contralateral seventh cervical spinal nerve root transfer following BPAI.
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185
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MicroRNA-132 Interact with p250GAP/Cdc42 Pathway in the Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Model of Acquired Epilepsy and Associated with Epileptogenesis Process. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5108489. [PMID: 27579184 PMCID: PMC4992765 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epilepsy is the result of synaptic reorganization and pathological excitatory loop formation in the central nervous system; however, the mechanisms that regulate this process are not well understood. We proposed that microRNA-132 (miR-132) and p250GAP might play important roles in this process by activating the downstream Rho GTPase family. We tested this hypothesis using a magnesium-free medium-induced epileptic model of cultured hippocampal neurons. We investigated whether miR-132 regulates GTPase activity through p250GAP and found that Cdc42 was significantly activated in our experimental model. Silencing miR-132 inhibited the electrical excitability level of cultured epileptic neurons, whereas silencing p250GAP had an opposite effect. In addition, we verified the effect of miR-132 in vivo and found that silencing miR-132 inhibited the aberrant formation of dendritic spines and chronic spontaneous seizure in a lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse model. Finally, we confirmed that silencing miR-132 has a neuroprotective effect on cultured epileptic neurons; however, this effect did not occur through the p250GAP pathway. Generally, silencing miR-132 may suppress spontaneous seizure activity through the miR-132/p250GAP/Cdc42 pathway by regulating the morphology and electrophysiology of dendritic spines; therefore, miR-132 may serve as a potential target for the development of antiepileptic drugs.
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186
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Chen SD, Sun XY, Niu W, Kong LM, He MJ, Fan HM, Li WS, Zhong AF, Zhang LY, Lu J. Correlation between the level of microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and symptomatology in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:216-24. [PMID: 27423364 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the correlation between the level of microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and symptomatology in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). MicroRNA array was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from GAD patients with gender, age, ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Then real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the top 7 miRNAs with the highest fold-change values in 76 GAD patients and 39 healthy controls. It demonstrated that 5 miRNAs showed significantly differences in expression levels (P<0.01). These 5 GAD-associated miRNAs were finally selected into our study to analyze the association between the plasma level of miRNAs expression and symptomatology scores in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Results showed that the level of miR-4505 and miR-663 was negatively correlated with the total HAMA scores in GAD patients (r=0.2228, r=0.264 P<0.05). MiR-663 was selected into the regression equation of HAMA total scores and psychic anxiety symptomatology scores, and it could explain 5.3% of the HAMA total scores and 15.3% of the anxiety symptomatology scores. This study analyzed preliminarily possible circulating miRNAs expression changes in GAD patients, and the expression level of miR-663 highly correlated with psychic anxiety symptoms, further molecular mechanism of which needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, PingAn Health Cloud Company Ltd. of China, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ming Kong
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun He
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Fan
- Cadre Ward, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Shuai Li
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No.801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fang Zhong
- Department of Laboratory, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jim Lu
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No.801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China; GoPath Laboratories LLC, 1351 Barclay Blvd, Buffalo, Grove, IL 60089, United States.
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187
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Luoni A, Riva MA. MicroRNAs and psychiatric disorders: From aetiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:13-27. [PMID: 27452338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of psychiatric disorders relies on the interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental adversities. Several studies have demonstrated a crucial role for epigenetics (e.g. DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation) in the translation of environmental cues into adult behavioural outcome, which can prove to be harmful thus increasing the risk to develop psychopathology. Within this frame, non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, came to light as pivotal regulators of many biological processes occurring in the Central Nervous System, both during the neuronal development as well as in the regulation of adult function, including learning, memory and neuronal plasticity. On these basis, in recent years it has been hypothesised a central role for microRNA modulation and expression regulation in many brain disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders and mental illnesses. Indeed, the aim of the present review is to present the most recent state of the art regarding microRNA involvement in psychiatric disorders. We will first describe the mechanisms that regulate microRNA biogenesis and we will report evidences of microRNA dysregulation in peripheral body fluids, in postmortem brain tissues from patients suffering from psychopathology as well as in animal models. Last, we will discuss the potential to consider microRNAs as putative target for pharmacological intervention, using common psychotropic drugs or more specific tools, with the aim to normalize functions that are disrupted in different psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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188
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi MK, Gutti RK, Greig NH, Tamargo IA. miRNAs: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:563-80. [PMID: 26402105 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, ∼22 nucleotide, non-coding RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA dysregulation has been observed in cancer and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the neurological disorder, epilepsy. Neuronal degradation and death are important hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, abnormalities in metabolism, synapsis and axonal transport have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. A number of recently published studies have demonstrated the importance of miRNAs in the nervous system and have contributed to the growing body of evidence on miRNA dysregulation in neurological disorders. Knowledge of the expressions and activities of such miRNAs may aid in the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the significance of miRNA dysregulation in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and the use of miRNAs as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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189
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Mollet IG, Malm HA, Wendt A, Orho-Melander M, Eliasson L. Integrator of Stress Responses Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (Camta1) Regulates miR-212/miR-132 Expression and Insulin Secretion. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18440-52. [PMID: 27402838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA profiles have been demonstrated in experimental models of type 2 diabetes, including in islets of the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. Our bioinformatic analysis of conserved sequences in promoters of microRNAs, previously observed to be up-regulated in GK rat islets, revealed putative CGCG-core motifs on the promoter of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster, overexpression of which has been shown to increase insulin secretion. These motifs are possible targets of calmodulin binding transcription activators Camta1 and Camta2 that have been recognized as integrators of stress responses. We also identified putative NKE elements, possible targets of NK2 homeobox proteins like the essential islet transcription factor Nkx2-2. As Camtas can function as co-activators with NK2 proteins in other tissues, we explored the role of Camta1, Camta2, and Nkx2-2 in the regulation of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster and insulin secretion. We demonstrate that exposure of control Wistar or GK rat islets to 16.7 mm glucose increases miR-212/miR-132 expression but significantly less so in the GK rat. In addition, Camta1, Camta2, and Nkx2-2 were down-regulated in GK rat islets, and knockdown of Camta1 reduced miR-212/miR-132 promoter activity and miR-212/miR-132 expression, even under cAMP elevation. Knockdown of Camta1 decreased insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells and Wistar rat islets but increased insulin content. Furthermore, knockdown of Camta1 reduced K(+)-induced insulin secretion and voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents. We also demonstrate Camta1 and Nkx2-2 protein interaction. These results indicate that Camta1 is required not only for expression of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster but at multiple levels for regulating beta cell insulin content and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra Mollet
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Anna Malm
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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190
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μ Opioid Receptor Expression after Morphine Administration Is Regulated by miR-212/132 Cluster. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157806. [PMID: 27380026 PMCID: PMC4933400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, miRNAs have emerged as a promising therapeutical approach in the treatment of several diseases, as demonstrated by miR-212 and its relation to addiction. Here we prove that the miR-212/132 cluster can be regulated by morphine, through the activation of mu opioid receptor (Oprm1). The molecular pathways triggered after morphine administration also induce changes in the levels of expression of oprm1. In addition, miR-212/132 cluster is actively repressing the expression of mu opioid receptor by targeting a sequence in the 3’ UTR of its mRNA. These findings suggest that this cluster is closely related to opioid signaling, and function as a post-transcriptional regulator, modulating morphine response in a dose dependent manner. The regulation of miR-212/132 cluster expression is mediated by MAP kinase pathway, CaMKII-CaMKIV and PKA, through the phosphorylation of CREB. Moreover, the regulation of both oprm1 and of the cluster promoter is mediated by MeCP2, acting as a transcriptional repressor on methylated DNA after prolonged morphine administration. This mechanism explains the molecular signaling triggered by morphine as well as the regulation of the expression of the mu opioid receptor mediated by morphine and the implication of miR-212/132 in these processes.
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191
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Dal Bo M, D'Agaro T, Gobessi S, Zucchetto A, Dereani S, Rossi D, Zaja F, Pozzato G, Di Raimondo F, Gaidano G, Laurenti L, Del Poeta G, Efremov DG, Gattei V, Bomben R. The SIRT1/TP53 axis is activated upon B-cell receptor triggering via miR-132 up-regulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19102-17. [PMID: 26036258 PMCID: PMC4662478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By global microRNA profiling of CLL cells stimulated or not stimulated by anti-IgM, significant up-regulation of microRNAs from the miR-132~212 cluster was observed both in IGHV gene unmutated (UM) and mutated (M) CLL cells. Parallel gene expression profiling identified SIRT1, a deacetylase targeting several proteins including TP53, among the top-ranked miR-132 target genes down-regulated upon anti-IgM exposure. The direct regulation of SIRT1 expression by miR-132 was demonstrated using luciferase assays. The reduction of SIRT1 mRNA and protein (P = 0.001) upon anti-IgM stimulation was associated with an increase in TP53 acetylation (P = 0.007), and the parallel up-regulation of the TP53 target gene CDKN1A. Consistently, miR-132 transfections of CLL-like cells resulted in down-regulation of SIRT1 and an induction of a TP53-dependent apoptosis. Finally, in a series of 134 CLL samples, miR-132, when expressed above the median value, associated with prolonged time-to-first-treatment in patients with M CLL (HR = 0.41; P = 0.02). Collectively, the miR-132/SIRT1/TP53 axis was identified as a novel pathway triggered by BCR engagement that further increases the complexity of the interactions between tumor microenvironments and CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dal Bo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tiziana D'Agaro
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Gobessi
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Sara Dereani
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaja
- Clinica Ematologica, Centro Trapianti e Terapie Cellulari "Carlo Melzi" DISM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Maria Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Maggiore General Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Department of Hematology, Catholic University Hospital A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Division of Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital and University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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192
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Majdi A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farhoudi M, Shotorbani SS. The interplay of microRNAs and post-ischemic glutamate excitotoxicity: an emergent research field in stroke medicine. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1765-1771. [PMID: 27350638 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the most common cause of adult disabilities among elderlies. It involves a complex series of mechanisms among which, excitotoxicity is of great importance. Also, miRNAs appear to play role in post-stroke excitotoxicity, and changes in their transcriptome occur right after cerebral ischemia. Recent data indicate that specific miRNAs such as miRNA-223, miRNA-181, miRNA-125a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-1000, miRNA-132 and miRNA-124a regulate glutamate neurotransmission and excitotoxicity during stroke. However, limitations such as poor in vivo stability, side effects and inappropriate biodistribution in miRNA-based therapies still exist and should be overcome before clinical application. Thence, investigation of the effect of application of these miRNAs after the onset of ischemia is a pivotal step for manipulating these miRNAs in clinical use. Given this, present review concentrates on miRNAs roles in post-ischemic stroke excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
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193
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Transcriptional regulation of long-term potentiation. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:201-210. [PMID: 27318935 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP), the persistent strengthening of synapses following high levels of stimulation, is a form of synaptic plasticity that has been studied extensively as a possible mechanism for learning and memory formation. The strengthening of the synapse that occurs during LTP requires cascades of complex molecular processes and the coordinated remodeling of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. Despite over four decades of research, our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms and molecular processes underlying LTP remains incomplete. Identification of all the proteins and non-coding RNA transcripts expressed during LTP may provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in learning and memory formation.
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194
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Geng F, Wu JL, Lu GF, Liang ZP, Duan ZL, Gu X. MicroRNA-132 targets PEA-15 and suppresses the progression of astrocytoma in vitro. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:211-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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195
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Cao DD, Li L, Chan WY. MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in the Central Nervous System and Their Implication in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E842. [PMID: 27240359 PMCID: PMC4926376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have been demonstrated to regulate a lot of biological pathways and cellular functions. Many miRNAs are dynamically regulated during central nervous system (CNS) development and are spatially expressed in adult brain indicating their essential roles in neural development and function. In addition, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that dysfunction of miRNAs contributes to neurological diseases. These observations, together with their gene regulation property, implicated miRNAs to be the key regulators in the complex genetic network of the CNS. In this review, we first focus on the ways through which miRNAs exert the regulatory function and how miRNAs are regulated in the CNS. We then summarize recent findings that highlight the versatile roles of miRNAs in normal CNS physiology and their association with several types of neurological diseases. Subsequently we discuss the limitations of miRNAs research based on current studies as well as the potential therapeutic applications and challenges of miRNAs in neurological disorders. We endeavor to provide an updated description of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in normal CNS functions and pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
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196
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Inverse Expression Levels of EphrinA3 and EphrinA5 Contribute to Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:483-92. [PMID: 27217159 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two key principles underlying successful cellular therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are appropriate differentiation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from transplanted cells and precise axon growth. EphrinAs, a subclass of ephrins, act as axon guidance molecules and are highly expressed in DA brain regions. Existing evidences indicate that they act as either repulsion or attraction signals to guide axon growth. This study investigated whether ephrinAs are involved in DA neuron differentiation. Data from miRCURY™ LNA mRNAs/microRNAs microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed upregulated ephrinA3 mRNA (EFNA3) and downregulated ephrinA5 mRNA (EFNA5) during DA neuron differentiation. In addition, hsa-miR-4271 was downregulated, which could influence EFNA3 translation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting confirmed the mRNA results and showed increased ephrinA3 and decreased ephrinA5 protein levels in differentiating DA neurons. Taken together, our results indicate that inverse expression levels of ephrinA3 and ephrinA5, which are possibly influenced by microRNAs, contribute to DA neuron differentiation by guiding axon growth.
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197
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Don't worry; be informed about the epigenetics of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 146-147:60-72. [PMID: 27189589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes regulate gene expression independent of the DNA sequence and are increasingly being investigated as contributors to the development of behavioral disorders. Environmental insults, such as stress, diet, or toxin exposure, can affect epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs that, in turn, alter the organism's phenotype. In this review, we examine the literature, derived at both the preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) levels, on epigenetic alterations associated with anxiety disorders. Using animal models of anxiety, researchers have identified epigenetic changes in several limbic and cortical brain regions known to be involved in stress and emotion responses. Environmental manipulations have been imposed prior to conception, during prenatal or early postnatal periods, and at juvenile and adult ages. Time of perturbation differentially affects the epigenome and many changes are brain region-specific. Although some sex-dependent effects are reported in animal studies, more research employing both sexes is needed particularly given that females exhibit a disproportionate number of anxiety disorders. The human literature is in its infancy but does reveal some epigenetic associations with anxiety behaviors and disorders. In particular, effects in monoaminergic systems are seen in line with evidence from etiological and treatment research. Further, there is evidence that epigenetic changes may be inherited to affect subsequent generations. We speculate on how epigenetic processes may interact with genetic contributions to inform prevention and treatment strategies for those who are at risk for or have anxiety disorders.
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198
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Fiorenza A, Barco A. Role of Dicer and the miRNA system in neuronal plasticity and brain function. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:3-12. [PMID: 27163737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Their abundance in the nervous system, their temporally and spatially regulated expression and their ability to respond in an activity-dependent manner make miRNAs ideal candidates for the regulation of complex processes in the brain, including neuronal plasticity, memory formation and neural development. The conditional ablation of the RNase III Dicer, which is essential for the maturation of most miRNAs, is a useful model to investigate the effect of the loss of the miRNA system, as a whole, in different tissues and cellular types. In this review, we first provide an overview of Dicer function and structure, and discuss outstanding questions concerning the role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression and neuronal function, to later focus on the insight derived from studies in which the genetic ablation of Dicer was used to determine the role of the miRNA system in the nervous system. In particular, we highlight the collective role of miRNAs fine-tuning plasticity-related gene expression and providing robustness to neuronal gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fiorenza
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
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199
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Kumari A, Singh P, Baghel MS, Thakur M. Social isolation mediated anxiety like behavior is associated with enhanced expression and regulation of BDNF in the female mouse brain. Physiol Behav 2016; 158:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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200
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Fu X, Shah A, Baraban JM. Rapid reversal of translational silencing: Emerging role of microRNA degradation pathways in neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:225-232. [PMID: 27107971 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As microRNAs silence translation, rapid reversal of this process has emerged as an attractive mechanism for driving de novo protein synthesis mediating neuronal plasticity. Herein, we summarize recent studies identifying neuronal stimuli that trigger rapid decreases in microRNA levels and reverse translational silencing of plasticity transcripts. Although these findings indicate that neuronal stimulation elicits rapid degradation of selected microRNAs, we are only beginning to decipher the molecular pathways involved. Accordingly, we present an overview of several molecular pathways implicated in mediating microRNA degradation: Lin-28, translin/trax, and MCPIP1. As these degradation pathways target distinct subsets of microRNAs, they enable neurons to reverse silencing rapidly, yet selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Fu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Aparna Shah
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jay M Baraban
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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