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Vera BDV, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. ELSA cohort 2014: association of age of first drink and progression from first drink to drunkenness on alcohol outcomes in Argentinean college freshmen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:58-67. [PMID: 31112434 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1608223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: College freshman are at-risk for hazardous alcohol drinking and for experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences. This is exacerbated in those featuring an early age of first alcohol use or of first drunkenness. It remains unclear which of these milestones is more strongly associated with alcohol outcomes. Objective: We examined, in Argentinean college drinkers (n = 4088; 43% men; racially and ethnically homogeneous), the association of age at drinking onset and progression to drunkenness (drunkenness naïve [Drunk-Naïve]; No-Delay [same age of first alcohol use and first alcohol intoxication]; one year of delay between age of first alcohol use and first alcohol intoxication; ≥2years of delay) on several alcohol outcomes. Methods: A survey measured substance use, age at drinking and drunkenness onset and alcohol-related consequences. Results: Alcohol consumption per drinking occasion was significantly greater in men than in women. An early drinking onset (alcohol use before age 13) and lifetime drunkenness independently exacerbated alcohol consumption per drinking occasion and during the last year. In men, Early-Onset was associated with a greater number of alcohol-related consequences when the delay between Early-Onset and the first drunkenness episode was 1 or ≥2 years yet did not significantly alter the number of negative consequences in Drunk-naïve or No-delay drinkers. In women, Early-Onset significantly enhanced the number of negative consequences when the delay was two years, but not when the delay was one-year or in Drunk-naïve or No-delay drinkers. Conclusions: The window between the first contact with alcohol and the first episode of drunkenness is a critical period to reduce alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Del Valle Vera
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, Unidad Ejecutora CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, Unidad Ejecutora CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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152
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Snijder M, Lees B, Ward J, Stearne AE, Newton NC, Stapinski L. Developing an ecological framework of factors associated with substance use and related harms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024418. [PMID: 31061022 PMCID: PMC6502052 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience high rates of substance use and related harms. Previous prevention programmes and policies have met with limited success, particularly among youth, and this may be a result of inadequately targeting the unique risk and protective factors associated with substance use for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The purpose of this systematic review is to therefore synthesise the risk and protective factors associated with substance use and related harms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and critically appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of seven peer-reviewed (Cochrane, Embase, PsychInfo, Medline, ProQuest, Informit, and CINAHL) and two grey literature (Heath InfoNet and Closing the Gap Clearinghouse) databases will be systematically searched using search terms in line with the aims of this review and based on previous relevant reviews. Studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 April 2018 will be included if they identify risk and/or protective factors for substance use or related harms in a study sample that consists of at least 50% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A narrative synthesis will be undertaken where the identified factors will be organised using an ecological approach into individual, relationship, community, societal and cultural levels. A critical appraisal of study quality will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data and the qualitative assessment tool by Godfrey and Long. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and social media. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017073734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Snijder
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Ward
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annalee E Stearne
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola Clare Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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153
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Zuquetto CR, Opaleye ES, Feijó MR, Amato TC, Ferri CP, Noto AR. Contributions of parenting styles and parental drunkenness to adolescent drinking. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019; 41:511-517. [PMID: 30994851 PMCID: PMC6899350 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the association of parental drunkenness and parenting style with alcohol consumption among adolescents and the contributions of parental drunkenness and parenting style to the prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of secondary students aged 13 to 18 from 27 Brazilian state capitals (n=17,028). Private and public schools were included. A self-report questionnaire collected data on adolescents’ alcohol drinking behavior, parenting styles, and parenting and peer models of drunkenness. Results: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness are associated with binge drinking among adolescents. Authoritarian, indulgent, and negligent parenting styles were associated with 1.50-, 2.51-, and 2.82-fold increases in prevalence of adolescent binge drinking, and parental drunkenness, with a 1.99-fold increase. The non-authoritative parenting style made a larger contribution than parental drunkenness to adolescent binge drinking. Conclusions: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness seem to play an important role in adolescents’ binge drinking behavior. At the population level, parenting style appears associated with a greater contribution to this behavior among adolescents. Prevention strategies targeting parental drunkenness may be bolstered if a broader approach including parenting styles is in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Zuquetto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emérita S Opaleye
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marianne R Feijó
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Amato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleusa P Ferri
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana R Noto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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154
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Predicting latent classes of drug use among adolescents through parental alcohol use and parental style: a longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:455-467. [PMID: 30542961 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the roles of parental alcohol use and parental style as predictors of adolescent patterns of drug use. METHODS 6391 students in the 7th and 8th grades at 72 Brazilian public schools participated in a three-wave randomized controlled trial to evaluate a school drug-use prevention program. Patterns of drug use were identified through two latent class analyses using measures of the adolescents' past-year drug use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined whether parental alcohol use and parenting style at baseline predicted patterns of drug use in waves 2 and 3 of the study after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS In each of the two waves, three latent classes of drug use were identified among the students, defining three different groups of individuals: (1) abstainers/low users, (2) alcohol users/binge drinkers, and (3) polydrug users. First, parenting style (especially monitoring) was the strongest predictor for the prevention of polydrug use among adolescents. Second, occasional alcohol use by parents can act as a central predictor for adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking. Above all, maternal episodes of drunkenness were involved in the predictive models for both drug use classes in both waves. CONCLUSION Parental alcohol use and parenting style seem to be important predictors of adolescent's likelihood of belonging to different latent classes of drug use. This conclusion may point to the importance of considering the inclusion of parenting skills and parental alcohol use within the scope of adolescents' preventive interventions.
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155
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Carlson P. Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, 2010-2016. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:344-356. [PMID: 32934572 PMCID: PMC7434179 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519835710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The principle aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016. A further aim was to investigate whether there are divergent or similar trends in alcohol consumption among elementary schools in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016 and, if there are diverging trends, to examine how the differences might be explained. Methods: Data were analysed using multilevel mixed effects linear regression, in which individual students represented one level and schools the second level. Data: Student-level data were derived from the Stockholm School Survey for the years 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (n = 15481). School-level data (n = 132) were derived from registries of the Swedish National Agency for Education. Results: The results showed that there was an almost 45% decline in total alcohol consumption among ninth-grade students in Stockholm between 2010 and 2016. The decline was similar among all analysed consumption groups. Two factors were found to statistically explain some of the general decline: more restrictive parental attitudes towards alcohol and, more importantly, decreasing alcohol consumption among the students’ peers. The downward trends among schools between 2010 and 2016 were universal but not identical, but when parental attitudes towards alcohol and peers’ alcohol behaviour were controlled for, the diverging school trends in alcohol consumption were considerably more equal. Conclusions: School constitutes a social context for the student of which both parents and peers are important parts, and the diverging changes may be due to the norms and behaviours, influenced by parents and peers, characterising these schools.
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156
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Gilligan C, Wolfenden L, Foxcroft DR, Williams AJ, Kingsland M, Hodder RK, Stockings E, McFadyen T, Tindall J, Sherker S, Rae J, Wiggers J. Family-based prevention programmes for alcohol use in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 3:CD012287. [PMID: 30888061 PMCID: PMC6423557 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012287.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in young people is a risk factor for a range of short- and long-term harms and is a cause of concern for health services, policy-makers, youth workers, teachers, and parents. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of universal, selective, and indicated family-based prevention programmes in preventing alcohol use or problem drinking in school-aged children (up to 18 years of age).Specifically, on these outcomes, the review aimed:• to assess the effectiveness of universal family-based prevention programmes for all children up to 18 years ('universal interventions');• to assess the effectiveness of selective family-based prevention programmes for children up to 18 years at elevated risk of alcohol use or problem drinking ('selective interventions'); and• to assess the effectiveness of indicated family-based prevention programmes for children up to 18 years who are currently consuming alcohol, or who have initiated use or regular use ('indicated interventions'). SEARCH METHODS We identified relevant evidence from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid 1966 to June 2018), Embase (1988 to June 2018), Education Resource Information Center (ERIC; EBSCOhost; 1966 to June 2018), PsycINFO (Ovid 1806 to June 2018), and Google Scholar. We also searched clinical trial registers and handsearched references of topic-related systematic reviews and the included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs (C-RCTs) involving the parents of school-aged children who were part of the general population with no known risk factors (universal interventions), were at elevated risk of alcohol use or problem drinking (selective interventions), or were already consuming alcohol (indicated interventions). Psychosocial or educational interventions involving parents with or without involvement of children were compared with no intervention, or with alternate (e.g. child only) interventions, allowing experimental isolation of parent components. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 46 studies (39,822 participants), with 27 classified as universal, 12 as selective, and seven as indicated. We performed meta-analyses according to outcome, including studies reporting on the prevalence, frequency, or volume of alcohol use. The overall quality of evidence was low or very low, and there was high, unexplained heterogeneity.Upon comparing any family intervention to no intervention/standard care, we found no intervention effect on the prevalence (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 0.08; studies = 12; participants = 7490; I² = 57%; low-quality evidence) or frequency (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.21; studies = 8; participants = 1835; I² = 96%; very low-quality evidence) of alcohol use in comparison with no intervention/standard care. The effect of any parent/family interventions on alcohol consumption volume compared with no intervention/standard care was very small (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.00; studies = 5; participants = 1825; I² = 42%; low-quality evidence).When comparing parent/family and adolescent interventions versus interventions with young people alone, we found no difference in alcohol use prevalence (SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.91 to 0.14; studies = 4; participants = 5640; I² = 99%; very low-quality evidence) or frequency (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.09; studies = 4; participants = 915; I² = 73%; very low-quality evidence). For this comparison, no trials reporting on the volume of alcohol use could be pooled in meta-analysis.In general, the results remained consistent in separate subgroup analyses of universal, selective, and indicated interventions. No adverse effects were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this review indicate that there are no clear benefits of family-based programmes for alcohol use among young people. Patterns differ slightly across outcomes, but overall, the variation, heterogeneity, and number of analyses performed preclude any conclusions about intervention effects. Additional independent studies are required to strengthen the evidence and clarify the marginal effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Gilligan
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - David R Foxcroft
- Oxford Brookes UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Social Work and Public HealthMarston Road, Jack Straws LaneMarstonOxfordEnglandUKOX3 0FL
| | - Amanda J Williams
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Emily Stockings
- University of New South WalesNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC)SydneyAustralia
| | - Tameka‐Rae McFadyen
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Jenny Tindall
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Shauna Sherker
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Alcohol and Drug FoundationProgram Development and EvaluationLevel 12, 607 Bourke StreetMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3000
| | - Julie Rae
- Alcohol and Drug FoundationProgram Development and EvaluationLevel 12, 607 Bourke StreetMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3000
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
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157
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Lee YJ, Lee MS, Won SD, Lee SH. Post-Traumatic Stress, Quality of Life and Alcohol Use Problems among Out-of-School Youth. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:193-198. [PMID: 30836738 PMCID: PMC6444102 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.12.25.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in out-of-school youths (OSYs) may be influenced by alcohol use, but there is a lack of evidence explaining how PTSS affect alcohol use problems in OSYs. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships among PTSS, quality of life, and alcohol use in OSYs. METHODS In total, 125 OSYs (46.4% male) in South Korea completed the Korean Version of the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the KIDSCREEN-27 Quality of Life Measure for Children and Adolescents, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. RESULTS Mean CROPS score was 18.7 (SD=11.6); 37.6% were problem drinkers. Quality of life in the domain of parent relations and autonomy significantly mediated the relationship between PTSS and alcohol use problems. OSYs with high parental satisfaction and autonomy were less likely to have alcohol use problems even with PTSS. CONCLUSION Family assessments and therapeutic approaches are needed for OSYs with both PTSS and alcohol use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Doo Won
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Keyo Hospital, Keyo Medical Foundation, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medicine Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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158
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159
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Hartman JD, Corbin WR, Curlee AS, Fromme K. Indirect and moderated effects of parent-child communication on drinking outcomes in the transition to college. Addict Behav 2019; 90:1-9. [PMID: 30352338 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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160
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Micalizzi L, Sokolovsky AW, Janssen T, Jackson KM. Parental Social Support and Sources of Knowledge Interact to Predict Children's Externalizing Behavior Over Time. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:484-494. [PMID: 30560511 PMCID: PMC6391213 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parental social support and monitoring are associated with children's externalizing behavior but clarity is needed on how these mechanisms interact to influence youth. This study examined if parental social support magnifies the protective effects of sources of parental knowledge (Parental Control, Parental Solicitation, Child Disclosure) on the development of substance initiation and delinquency across adolescence. Participants were 6-8th graders (N = 1023; 52% female; 83% White; 87.8% non-Hispanic) from six (one urban, two rural, three suburban) Rhode Island schools assessed annually for four years. Parental control protected against substance initiation, but only in supportive relationships. All sources of parental knowledge were associated with less delinquency, but only in supportive relationships. Interventions focused on increasing children's perceptions of parental social support may enhance the effectiveness of sources of parental knowledge in buffering against children's externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Micalizzi
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Alexander W Sokolovsky
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Tim Janssen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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161
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Penjor S, Thorsteinsson EB, Price I, Loi NM. Parenting style, distress, and problematic alcohol use in Bhutan. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1579503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Penjor
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - Ian Price
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Loi
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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162
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Cloutier RM, Zamboanga BL, Kearns N, Guillot CR, Blumenthal H. Associations of perceived drinking motives of parents and friends on adolescents' own drinking motives. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019; 25:83-94. [PMID: 33488048 PMCID: PMC7821700 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2018.1537792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents form perceptions of why their parents and friends drink alcohol that may impact adolescents' own drinking motives. This study tested whether perceived drinking motives of parents and friends are associated with adolescents' own drinking motives. Participants included community-recruited adolescents 14-17 years (N = 105; 63.8% female) who drank alcohol in the past year. Perceived parent and friend motives both related to adolescent drinking motives at the bivariate level; however, only friend motives remained statistically significant in the final hierarchical regression models controlling for relevant covariates (e.g., alcohol frequency). Findings support a social-cognitive modeling pathway in the development of adolescents' own drinking motives and highlight the perception of why others drink as a potential intervention target.
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163
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Törrönen J, Roumeliotis F, Samuelsson E, Kraus L, Room R. Why are young people drinking less than earlier? Identifying and specifying social mechanisms with a pragmatist approach. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 64:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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164
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Rioux C, Castellanos-Ryan N, Parent S, Vitaro F, Séguin JR. The Interactive Effects of Parental Knowledge with Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking in Adolescent Substance Use. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:95-107. [PMID: 29959589 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether interactions of parental knowledge of adolescent's whereabouts with impulsivity and sensation seeking in the prediction of adolescent substance use supported the diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility model in 230 15-year old adolescents (53% girls). Interactions between impulsivity and parental knowledge supported the diathesis-stress model with high impulsivity as a vulnerability factor: when impulsivity was higher, low levels of parental knowledge were associated with higher levels of substance use. Interactions between sensation seeking and parental knowledge supported differential susceptibility with low sensation seeking as a susceptibility factor; low parental knowledge was associated with higher substance use and high parental knowledge with lower substance use when sensation seeking was lower. Our results show that impulsivity and sensation seeking should be considered independently. Results support previous research suggesting that impulsivity in adolescence may act as a vulnerability factor and suggests that low sensation seeking may be a susceptibility factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Rioux
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Castellanos-Ryan
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 av. Vincent-d'Indy, Outremont, Montreal, QC, H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - Sophie Parent
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 av. Vincent-d'Indy, Outremont, Montreal, QC, H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 av. Vincent-d'Indy, Outremont, Montreal, QC, H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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165
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Maggs JL, Staff J, Patrick ME, Wray-Lake L. Very early drinking: Event history models predicting alcohol use initiation from age 4 to 11 years. Addict Behav 2019; 89:121-127. [PMID: 30290300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
While it is not normative to initiate alcohol use prior to adolescence, substantial numbers of children do so. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence or predictors of alcohol initiation in childhood, compared to extensive research on adolescent initiation and alcohol use. The present study examines patterns and predictors of very early drinking initiation in childhood, focusing on child behavioral undercontrol and parent alcohol and drug use as time-varying risk factors across childhood, independent of sociodemographic background variables. Event history analyses model and predict the age of alcohol initiation across ages 4 to 11 in the ongoing Millennium Cohort Study. Methodological strengths include the prospective design initiated in infancy (prior to any alcohol consumption), multiple reporters, and large representative sample of children and parents (n = 11,355). Key predictors are child behavioral undercontrol and parent alcohol and drug use assessed across childhood. Weighted results show that <2% of children had their first drink of alcohol prior to their 8th birthday, rising to 13% by age 10-11 years. Odds of initiation are higher when parents rated children as behaviorally undercontrolled and when at least one parent in the household reported drinking alcohol and/or using illegal drugs, independent of sociodemographic group differences. Thus, an important minority initiated drinking during childhood, and there are key risk factors for early drinking. Increased focus on the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of childhood drinking is needed.
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de Veld L, Wolberink IM, van Hoof JJ, van der Lely N. The relationship between birth order and acute alcohol intoxication among Dutch adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1544103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loes de Veld
- Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands
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167
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Krohn MD, Larroulet P, Thornberry TP, Loughran TA. The Effect of Childhood Conduct Problems on Early Onset Substance Use: An Examination of the Mediating and Moderating Roles of Parenting Styles. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019; 49:139-162. [PMID: 31462825 PMCID: PMC6713280 DOI: 10.1177/0022042618811784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the role that effective parenting plays in the relationship between childhood conduct problems and the early onset of drug use. Effective parenting is posited to have a direct protective effect on drug use, a moderating effect on the relationship between conduct problems and early onset, and mediate the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. Two-generational panel data are used to examine these relationships among 263 parent–child dyads. Support is found for the direct protective effect of effective parenting on early onset .and for a partial mediating effect of parenting in the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. There was no support found for parenting moderating the risk that is posed by having childhood conduct problems. Implications for preventing childhood conduct problems from resulting in early onset of drug use through enhancing efforts to help parents cope with such problems are discussed.
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168
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Chen Y, Kubzansky LD, VanderWeele TJ. Parental warmth and flourishing in mid-life. Soc Sci Med 2019; 220:65-72. [PMID: 30396119 PMCID: PMC6309475 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the longitudinal association between parental warmth and offspring flourishing in mid-life. We also considered associations between parental warmth and a number of mental health problems and adverse health behavioral outcomes. METHOD Longitudinal data from the Midlife in the United States Study (N = 3,929, mean baseline age = 47.4 years) were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Parental warmth in childhood was recalled at phase I (1995-1996), while flourishing and other outcomes were self-reported at phase II (2004-2006). Following an approach developed by Keyes, flourishing was operationalized as a combined measure incorporating assessments of three aspects of well-being, including emotional, psychological, and social well-being. RESULTS The results suggest that parental warmth was positively associated with the continuous score of flourishing (B = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.25). The association was not specific to any particular component (emotional, psychological, or social well-being) or subdomain of flourishing. Parental warmth was also inversely associated with several adverse health behavior outcomes such as drug use and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Parental warmth in childhood may help promote offspring functioning across multiple domains of well-being in mid-life. The findings help to strengthen the call for a public health focus on the importance of parenting for outcomes beyond childhood and well into adulthood, and suggest the value of targeting parenting practices for prevention and intervention strategies to improve population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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169
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Vrettou M, Nilsson KW, Tuvblad C, Rehn M, Åslund C, Andershed AK, Wallén-Mackenzie Å, Andershed H, Hodgins S, Nylander I, Comasco E. VGLUT2 rs2290045 genotype moderates environmental sensitivity to alcohol-related problems in three samples of youths. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1329-1340. [PMID: 30805764 PMCID: PMC6785645 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-mediated neurotransmission has been highlighted in studies on addiction-related phenotypes. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2290045 in VGLUT2 has been associated with alcohol dependence, but it is unknown whether or how this association is affected by environmental factors. The present study determined whether the association of alcohol-related problems with the rs2290045 in the VGLUT2 gene was modified by negative and positive environmental factors. Three samples were included: a clinical sample of 131 adolescents followed from age 17 to 22; a general population sample of 1794 young adults; and a general population sample of 1687 adolescents followed from age 14 to 17. DNA was extracted from saliva and the rs2290045 (T/C) was genotyped. Alcohol-related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Stressful life events (SLE) and parenting were assessed by questionnaires. Gene-environment interactions were investigated using a dual statistical approach. In all samples (effect sizes 0.6-6.2%), and consistent with the differential susceptibility framework, T carriers exposed to SLE reported more alcohol-related problems if they had experienced poor parenting, and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting. T carriers not exposed to SLE reported higher alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received poor parenting. Among CC carriers, alcohol-related problems did not vary as a function of negative and positive environmental factors. In conclusion, in three samples of youths, alcohol-related problems were associated with an interaction of VGLUT2 rs2290045, SLE, and parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrettou
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mattias Rehn
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Andershed
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Andershed
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ingrid Nylander
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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170
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Lindfors P, Minkkinen J, Katainen A, Rimpelä A. Do maternal knowledge and paternal knowledge of children's whereabouts buffer differently against alcohol use? A longitudinal study among Finnish boys and girls. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:351-357. [PMID: 30472575 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that parental knowledge of the child's activities and whereabouts prevents adolescents' alcohol use. However, evidence on whether the positive effects of maternal and paternal knowledge are distinctive for boys' and girls' alcohol use is inconclusive. We examined whether perceived parental knowledge at age 13 prevents alcohol use at age 16, whether the effect of maternal and paternal knowledge was the same for both genders, and whether paternal knowledge had as strong an effect as maternal knowledge. METHOD Adolescents answered a school survey in 2011 (age 13) and 2014 (age 16) in Finland (N = 5742). Perceived maternal and paternal knowledge was measured separately using a Parents' Monitoring Scale. The data were analysed via moderation regression modelling using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS Perceived maternal and paternal knowledge at age 13 predicted boys' and girls' lower alcohol use at age 16. For those who had not used alcohol at age 13, parental knowledge protected against an increase of alcohol use at age 16. Both maternal and paternal knowledge had a shielding effect against the increase of boys' and girls' alcohol use, but maternal knowledge had a stronger shielding effect than paternal knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Both maternal and paternal perceived knowledge at age 13 buffers against the adverse development of alcohol use at age 16 for both genders. Underlining the importance of parent-child communication and knowledge about the child's activities should be a part of family health counselling and school health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lindfors
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - J Minkkinen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - A Katainen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Rimpelä
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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171
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Riva K, Allen-Taylor L, Schupmann WD, Mphele S, Moshashane N, Lowenthal ED. Prevalence and predictors of alcohol and drug use among secondary school students in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1396. [PMID: 30572874 PMCID: PMC6302490 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and illicit drug use has been recognized as a growing problem among adolescents in Botswana. Little is known about factors affecting alcohol and drug use among Botswana's secondary school students. To aid the design and implementation of effective public health interventions, we sought to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug use in secondary school students in urban and peri-urban areas of Botswana, and to evaluate risk and protective factors for substance use. METHODS We performed a 72-item cross-sectional survey of students in 17 public secondary schools in Gaborone, Lobatse, Molepolole and Mochudi, Botswana. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to define hazardous drinking behavior. Using Jessor's Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) as our conceptual framework, we culturally-adapted items from previously validated tools to measure risk and protective factors for alcohol and drug use. Between-group differences of risk and protective factors were compared using univariate binomial and multinomial-ordinal logit analysis. Relative risks of alcohol and drug use by demographic, high risks and low protections were calculated. Multivariate ordinal-multinomial cumulative logit analysis, multivariate nominal-multinomial logit analysis, and binominal logit analysis were used to build models illustrating the relationship between risk and protective factors and student alcohol and illicit drug use. Clustered data was adjusted for in all analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) methods. RESULTS Of the 1936 students surveyed, 816 (42.1%) reported alcohol use, and 434 (22.4%) met criteria for hazardous alcohol use. Illicit drug use was reported by 324 students (16.7%), with motokwane (marijuana) being the most commonly used drug. Risk factors more strongly associated with alcohol and drug use were reported alcohol availability, individual and social vulnerability factors, and poor peer modeling. Individual and social controls protections appear to mitigate risk of student alcohol and drug use. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and illicit drug use is prevalent among secondary school students in Botswana. Our data suggest that interventions that reduce the availability of alcohol and drugs and that build greater support networks for adolescents may be most helpful in decreasing alcohol and drug use among secondary school students in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Riva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Second Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Lynne Allen-Taylor
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 516B Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Will D Schupmann
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 2716 South St, Room 11242, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Seipone Mphele
- Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Neo Moshashane
- Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Elizabeth D Lowenthal
- Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 2716 South St, Room 11242, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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172
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Jongenelis MI, Johnston R, Stafford J. Factors Associated with Parents' Belief in the Appropriateness of Providing Alcohol to their Child. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2281-2290. [PMID: 29889614 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental provision of alcohol to their underage child has been associated with risky adolescent drinking. While parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing their child with alcohol may influence their provision behaviors, research into the factors associated with this belief is lacking. OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify the factors associated with parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing alcohol to their underage child. METHODS Western Australian parents of 12-17 year olds (n = 443) completed an online survey assessing their drinking habits, alcohol provision behaviors, alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes, their child's alcohol consumption, and demographics. RESULTS Nearly half (44%) the parents surveyed reported providing their underage child with alcohol. Parents of older children and parents who (i) did not believe in the harms and recommendations associated with alcohol use in youth, (ii) agreed with youth-related drinking myths, and (iii) reported more occasions of alcohol consumption by their child were more likely to believe that it was appropriate to provide alcohol to their underage child. Those who believed providing alcohol to their underage child was appropriate were in turn more likely to provide alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aiming to reduce parental provision of alcohol to children should focus on changing parents' beliefs that this is an appropriate harm minimization behavior. Belief change may be facilitated by the implementation of public education campaigns that increase parents' belief in the alcohol-related harms associated with youth drinking and debunk youth-related drinking myths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Johnston
- b McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Julia Stafford
- b McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
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173
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Smit K, Otten R, Voogt C, Kleinjan M, Engels R, Kuntsche E. Exposure to drinking mediates the association between parental alcohol use and preteen alcohol use. Addict Behav 2018; 87:244-250. [PMID: 30096655 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to test the link between exposure to parental alcohol use (i.e., preteens seeing their parents drinking) and preteen's alcohol use. Specifically, this study aimed to (a) replicate the association between parental alcohol use and preteen alcohol use and (b) test whether alcohol use exposure mediated this association. METHOD Families were recruited from five regions in the Netherlands from 104 schools that agreed to participate. Preteens (N = 755, Mage = 11.27, SD = 0.56, 45.8% boys) and their mothers (N = 755) participated in the study. Preteens reported lifetime alcohol use and parental alcohol use exposure. Mothers reported on alcohol use for both parents. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess direct and mediated paths between parental alcohol use, preteen's exposure to alcohol use and preteen alcohol use in one model. RESULTS Unexpectedly, father's alcohol use was negatively associated (β = -0.121, p = .012) and mother's alcohol use was not associated (β = 0.056, p = .215) with preteen's alcohol use. A positive indirect effect emerged through alcohol use exposure, showing that exposure to father's alcohol use mediated the association between parent's and preteen's alcohol use (β = 0.064, p = .001). This effect was absent for mother's alcohol use (β = 0.026, p = .264). Gender differences were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Parental alcohol exposure positively mediated the association of parental alcohol use with preteen's alcohol use. These effects were found for both boys and girls and were most robust for father's drinking. The findings might provide clues for preventive action, for example, by emphasizing that exposure should be restricted to prevent preteen's alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Smit
- Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy Otten
- Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pluryn, Research & Development, P.O. Box 53, 6500 AB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; REACH Institute, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA.
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of General Social Sciences, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rutger Engels
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, 215 Franklin Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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174
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Montano GT, Marshal MP, McCauley HL, Miller E, Chung T, Hipwell AE. Group-based trajectories of parent-child communication and parental knowledge between sexual minority and heterosexual girls and their associations with substance use. J Adolesc 2018; 69:150-162. [PMID: 30321705 PMCID: PMC6289794 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual minority girls (SMGs) may be at high risk for substance use partially due to anti-gay discrimination. Low levels of parent-child communication and parental knowledge may contribute to this risk. This study seeks to identify parent-child communication and parental knowledge trajectories, determine the likelihood of SMGs following these trajectories, and describe the relationships between these trajectories, sexual orientation, and substance use. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2450), a longitudinal study on the changes in behaviors among girls throughout childhood. We generated group trajectory models of parentchild communication and parental knowledge starting from age 12 to age 17 years. We then tested the likelihood of SMGs belonging to these group trajectories and the association between group trajectory membership and substance use at age 18 years. RESULTS SMGs were more likely than were heterosexual girls to follow the infrequent decreasing parent-child communication trajectory and the slowly decreasing parental knowledge trajectory and were more likely than were heterosexual girls to engage in substance use at age 18 years. Parent-child communication and parental knowledge trajectories were statistically significant mediators between sexual orientation and substance use. CONCLUSION Frequency of parent-child communication and levels of parental knowledge may be determinants of substance use among SMGs. These results have implications for developing substance use prevention programs among sexual minority youth targeting parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Montano
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA.
| | - Michael P Marshal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Heather L McCauley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
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175
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Bowden JA, Delfabbro P, Room R, Miller C, Wilson C. Parental drinking in Australia: Does the age of children in the home matter? Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 38:306-315. [PMID: 30565763 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Parental role modelling of alcohol use is known to influence alcohol consumption in adolescence and in later life. This study aimed to assess relationships between parental status, child age and alcohol consumption, which have not been well documented. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were sourced from the 2013 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Analyses were conducted for 25-55 year olds (n = 11 591) by parental status, gender and age of youngest child in the household, controlling for socio-demographic factors. RESULTS Parents were less likely than non-parents to exceed the alcohol guideline for increased lifetime risk (18.2% vs. 24.2%) and short-term risk: at least weekly (14.2% vs. 21.2%); and at least monthly (27.5% vs. 35.9%). Fathers were just as likely to exceed the guidelines for lifetime risk as other men, but those with children aged 0-2, were less likely to exceed the guideline for short-term risk. Women were least likely to exceed the guideline for lifetime risk if they had children aged 0-2, 6-11 or 15 years and over, or the guideline for short-term risk, if they had children aged 0-2, or 15 years and over in the household. Parents were more likely to report drinking in the home. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Parents were less likely to exceed alcohol guidelines than non-parents, especially mothers whose youngest child was an infant or in high school or older. Consistent with population rates in men, fathers were more likely to exceed alcohol guidelines than mothers, and this excess consumption warrants public health attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Bowden
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Miller
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre and School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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176
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Mahedy L, MacArthur GJ, Hammerton G, Edwards AC, Kendler KS, Macleod J, Hickman M, Moore SC, Heron J. The effect of parental drinking on alcohol use in young adults: the mediating role of parental monitoring and peer deviance. Addiction 2018; 113:2041-2050. [PMID: 29806869 PMCID: PMC6176713 DOI: 10.1111/add.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence demonstrating an association between parental alcohol use and offspring alcohol use from robust prospective studies is lacking. We tested the direct and indirect associations between parental and young adult alcohol use via early alcohol initiation, parental monitoring and associating with deviant peers. DESIGN Prospective birth cohort study. Path analysis was used to assess the possible association between parental alcohol use (assessed at 12 years) and alcohol use in young adults (assessed at 18 years) via potential mediators (assessed at 14 and 15.5 years, respectively). SETTING South West England. PARTICIPANTS Data were available on 3785 adolescents and their parents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. MEASUREMENTS The continuous Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score was used as the primary outcome measure. Maternal alcohol use was defined as light (< 4 units on any day), moderate (≥ 4 units on 1-3 days) and high-risk (≥ 4 units on ≥ 4 days in 1 week). Partner alcohol use was also defined as light, moderate and high risk. Socio-economic variables were included as covariates. FINDINGS There was strong evidence of a total effect from maternal alcohol use to young adult alcohol use [moderate: b = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64, 1.49, P < 0.001; high risk: b = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.35, P < 0.001]. The majority of this association was explained through early alcohol initiation (moderate: b = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.25, P = 0.01; high risk: b = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.40, P < 0.01) and early alcohol initiation/associating with deviant peers (moderate: b = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.10, P < 0.01; high risk: b = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.16, P < 0.01). There was strong evidence of a remaining direct effect (moderate: b = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.39, 1.22, P < 0.001; high risk: b = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.65, 1.91, P < 0.001). A similar pattern of results was evident for partner alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Young adults whose parents have moderate or high-risk alcohol consumption are more likely to consume alcohol than those with parents with lower alcohol consumption. This association appears to be partly accounted for by earlier alcohol use initiation and higher prevalence of association with deviant peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Georgina J. MacArthur
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and School of MedicineVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUnited States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and School of MedicineVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUnited States of America
| | - John Macleod
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Moore
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life ScienceCardiff UniversityUnited Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
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Bartle-Haring S, Slesnick N, Murnan A. Benefits to Children Who Participate in Family Therapy with their Substance-Using Mother. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 44:671-686. [PMID: 28950404 PMCID: PMC10134504 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is rare that family members other than the identified patient are followed over time in studies of therapy effectiveness. Family therapy is believed to be effective because it targets processes within the system that maintain symptoms. If these processes are changed, then all family members can benefit. Using a sample of 183 mother-child dyads from a study comparing family therapy for adult substance use versus an attention control, change in child's substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) was estimated. Children who participated in family therapy with their mothers showed greater decreases in alcohol and tobacco use and were less likely to begin using compared to children whose mothers participated in the attention control condition.
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178
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Rogers AA, Elam KK, Chassin L, Sternberg A, Bui L. Proximal and Distal Effects of Sensation Seeking and Parenting Environments on Alcohol Use Trajectories from Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2206-2219. [PMID: 29905884 PMCID: PMC6151145 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is related to disinhibition traits and family environments. However, research is scarce on whether these factors predict alcohol use trajectories distally, from early adolescence into early adulthood. We examined whether sensation seeking and parenting environments in early adolescence predicted adolescents' alcohol use trajectories proximally (middle-adolescence) and distally (early adulthood). Using four waves of data from 345 adolescents (51.3% female; 80% white) and their primary caregivers, we estimated adolescents' alcohol use trajectories and examined variability in these by sensation seeking and parental control. The findings revealed distal, positive associations between sensation seeking and alcohol use; and negative, proximal associations between parental control and alcohol use. Also proximally, there was a significant interaction between sensation seeking and parental control. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Kit K Elam
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- REACH Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ariel Sternberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leena Bui
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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179
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Bo A, Hai AH, Jaccard J. Parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:98-109. [PMID: 30096640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use are unclear, including what factors moderate intervention effects. This study examines the effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use and whether the treatment effects vary by participants' characteristics and intervention characteristics. METHODS Eleven electronic databases and relevant studies' references were searched for eligible studies published before March 2017. Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of any parent-based intervention for alcohol use outcomes among adolescents up to 18 years old were eligible for review. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Robust variance estimation in meta-regression was used to analyze treatment effect size estimates and to conduct moderator analysis. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The average treatment effect size across all drinking outcomes, with 44 effect sizes from 20 studies, was g = -0.23 with a 95% confidence interval [-0.35, -0.10] which is statistically significant. Parent-based interventions appreared to have larger mean effect sizes on adolescent drinking intention than binge drinking. Interventions targeting both general and alcohol-specific parenting strategies had larger average effect sizes than interventions targeting alcohol-specific parenting only. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found evidence of parent-based interventions' efficacy in preventing or reducing adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Bo
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd Doctoral Student Office, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - James Jaccard
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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180
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Osaki H, Mshana G, Mbata D, Kapiga S, Changalucha J. Social space and alcohol use initiation among youth in northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202200. [PMID: 30192768 PMCID: PMC6128470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol use is a key risk factor for disease worldwide. Consumption of alcohol is increasing in sub Saharan Africa, where youth are already at high risk of HIV due to its high prevalence in the region. Studies show that youth begin drinking alcohol early; however, there is a need to further explore the initiation of alcohol use in order to design appropriate interventions in this population. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with youth in Mwanza and Kilimanjaro regions in Tanzania to explore alcohol consumption among youth. Participants were a purposive sample of youth aged 15–24 composed of secondary school and college students, and formal and informal sector employees. We conducted 35 in-depth interviews using a semi-structured guide to understand youth’s personal experiences with alcohol consumption. Two social scientists conducted a multi stage, inductive analysis of the data. Findings Alcohol consumption was reported to mainly start during adolescence, although in some cases it started as early as at 10 years of age. Young women reported drinking less, and initiated drinking later compared to males. Social space assumed a primary role in alcohol initiation. The social environment and influence of important social actors were key aspects of youth’s social space. Youth reported starting to consume alcohol at home, social events and in stressful environments with key influencers being parents, relatives, peers and intimate partners. Conclusions Our findings show that the social space (social environment and interactions) plays an important role in influencing youth initial consumption of alcohol. Interventions addressing alcohol initiation among the population need to address the social spaces where initiation takes place and engage the significant actors in these spaces. There is need to further explore underlying societal drinking norms to better understand how they shape social environments and young people’s initiation of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haika Osaki
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Gerry Mshana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Doris Mbata
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
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181
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Fernandez ME, Damme LV, Pauw SD, Costa-Ball D, Daset L, Vanderplasschen W. The moderating role of age and gender differences in the relation between subjective well-being, psychopathology and substance use in Uruguayan adolescents. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOPATOLOGIA FUNDAMENTAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-4714.2018v21n3p486.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the Subjective well-being (SWB) of school-going adolescents in Uruguay (N= 325; Mage= 14.67; SD= 1.62). We investigate age- and gender-specific relationships between psychopathology and substance use on the one hand, and subjective well-being on the other hand. Multivariate linear regression analyses, indicated five significant predictors of SWB: three psychopathology factors (depression-anxiety, social anxiety and dissocial behaviour), and age displayed a negative association, while one psychopathology factor (resilience) showed a positive association. When extending the multivariate linear regression analysis with interaction effects, significant interactions appeared regarding gender and resilience and age and substance use. Our study focuses on the necessity to have evidence-based results in order to plan appropriate preventive interventions with adolescents.
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182
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Su J, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, Guy MC, Derlan CL, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger JI, Kramer JR, Bucholz KK, Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Influence of Parental Alcohol Dependence Symptoms and Parenting on Adolescent Risky Drinking and Conduct Problems: A Family Systems Perspective. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1783-1794. [PMID: 29969154 PMCID: PMC6120770 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental alcohol problems are associated with adverse adolescent outcomes such as risky drinking and conduct problems. Important questions remain about the unique roles of fathers' and mothers' alcohol problems and differences and/or similarities in pathways of risk across ethnicity and gender. In this study, we used a family systems approach to consider spillover and crossover effects of fathers' and mothers' alcohol problems (number of alcohol dependence symptoms [ADS]) and parenting behaviors in relation to adolescents' risky drinking and conduct problems. METHODS The sample included 1,282 adolescents (aged 12 to 17) and their parents from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Parents completed the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), and adolescents completed an adolescent version of SSAGA. Data were analyzed using multivariate structural equation modeling. RESULTS Fathers' ADS count was associated with higher adolescent risky drinking and conduct problems indirectly via disruption to fathers' and mothers' positive parenting behaviors, whereas mothers' ADS count was not associated with adolescents' risky drinking and conduct problems directly or indirectly via positive parenting behaviors. No differences in these associations were found across ethnic background and offspring gender. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of considering the unique roles of fathers' and mothers' ADS in influencing family processes and adolescent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Fazil Aliev
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Mignonne C. Guy
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University
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183
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Berg N, Kiviruusu O, Bean CG, Huurre T, Lintonen T, Hammarström A. Social relationships in adolescence and heavy episodic drinking from youth to midlife in Finland and Sweden - examining the role of individual, contextual and temporal factors. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1000. [PMID: 30097023 PMCID: PMC6086022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Applying the Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) model of the bioecological theory, this study considers whether proximal processes between the individual and the microsystem (social relationships within family, peer group and school) during adolescence are associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED), from youth to midlife, and whether the macro level context (country) plays a role in these associations. Methods Participants of two prospective cohort studies from Finland and Sweden, recruited in 1983/1981 at age 16 (n = 2194/1080), were followed-up until their forties using postal questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between social relationships at age 16 and HED (at least monthly intoxication or having six or more units of alcohol in one occasion) at ages 22/21, 32/30 and 42/43. Additive interactions between microsystem settings, as well as between settings and country, were also considered. Results Consistent with the PPCT model, we found individual, contextual and temporal aspects to be associated with drinking habits. Higher levels of poor family relationships were associated with an increased likelihood of HED (ages 22/21 and 32/30) in both Finnish women and men and Swedish men. Higher levels of peer contact were associated with an increased likelihood of HED in both Finnish women (ages 32 and 42) and men (ages 22 and 32), and Swedish men (age 21). In contrast with the other groups, poorer relationships with classmates were associated with an increased likelihood of HED (age 30) for Swedish women only. For women, the combined effect of having both daily peer contact and living in Finland for HED at age 42/43 was statistically distinguishable from a pure additive effect. Conclusions Micro and to a lesser extent macro level contexts are associated with heavy episodic drinking well into adulthood. The most relevant processes in the adolescent microsystem occur in family and peer settings. However, long-lasting protective or risk-raising effects between different settings and later HED were not found. Promoting good relationships across different contexts during adolescence may reduce the incidence of HED in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, PO BOX 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher G Bean
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, PO BOX 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taina Huurre
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Health and Social Welfare, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, c/o National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, PO BOX 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
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184
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Rowland BC, Williams J, Smith R, Hall JK, Osborn A, Kremer P, Kelly AB, Leslie E, Patton G, Mohebbi M, Toumbourou JW. Social marketing and community mobilisation to reduce underage alcohol consumption in Australia: A cluster randomised community trial. Prev Med 2018; 113:132-139. [PMID: 29505806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In many countries adolescent alcohol use is a major health problem. To supplement national policies, it is important to trial community interventions as a potential strategy to prevent adolescent alcohol use. METHODS This study evaluated a multicomponent community intervention that included community mobilisation, social marketing, and the monitoring of alcohol sales to minors. Evaluation was a clustered randomised trial design with 14 intervention and 14 control communities. Prior to randomisation, communities were matched on socioeconomic status and location. Intervention communities were not blinded. PARTICIPANTS 3545 Year 8 students (M = 12 years) were surveyed at baseline from 75 schools; 3377 students were surveyed post intervention in 2013 from 54 schools. OUTCOMES It was hypothesised that the primary outcome, individual alcohol consumption in last 30 days, after the intervention would be 15% lower in intervention communities. Secondary outcomes were consumption in the past year and intention not to drink before age 18. RESULTS The intervention communities showed larger relative reductions compared to the controls in last 30-day consumption and past year (10%), but not significantly different. A significantly lower proportion of participants in the intervention community (63%), compared to the controls (71%), reported intending to drink before 18 years old. Subgroup analysis identified regional and state differences for some secondary measures. CONCLUSIONS Intervention assignment was associated with lower adolescent intention to drink before the age of 18. However, more intensive and longer-term intervention may be required to measure significant differences in behaviour change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12612000384853. PROTOCOL Rowland B, Toumbourou JW, Osborn A, et al. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002423. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco Charles Rowland
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development.
| | - Joanne Williams
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Kate Hall
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development
| | - Amber Osborn
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Centre for Sport Research and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology and Counselling, Australia
| | - Eva Leslie
- Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - John W Toumbourou
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development
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185
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Kraus L, Seitz NN, Piontek D, Molinaro S, Siciliano V, Guttormsson U, Arpa S, Monshouwer K, Leifman H, Vicente J, Griffiths P, Clancy L, Feijão F, Florescu S, Lambrecht P, Nociar A, Raitasalo K, Spilka S, Vyshinskiy K, Hibell B. 'Are The Times A-Changin'? Trends in adolescent substance use in Europe. Addiction 2018; 113:1317-1332. [PMID: 29484751 DOI: 10.1111/add.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate temporal trends in adolescents' current cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use in Europe by gender and region, test for regional differences and evaluate regional convergence. DESIGN AND SETTING Five waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 28 countries between 1999 and 2015. Countries were grouped into five regions [northern (NE), southern (SE), western (WE), eastern Europe (EE) and the Balkans (BK)]. PARTICIPANTS A total of 223 814 male and 211 712 female 15-16-year-old students. MEASUREMENTS Daily cigarette use, weekly alcohol use, monthly heavy episodic drinking (HED) and monthly cannabis use. Linear and quadratic trends were tested using multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression; regional differences were tested using pairwise Wald tests; mean absolute differences (MD) of predicted prevalence were used for evaluating conversion. FINDINGS Daily cigarette use among boys in EE showed a declining curvilinear trend, whereas in all other regions a declining linear trend was found. With the exception of BK, trends of weekly drinking decreased curvilinear in both genders in all regions. Among girls, trends in WE, EE and BK differed from trends in NE and SE. Monthly HED showed increasing curvilinear trends in all regions except in NE (both genders), WE and EE (boys each). In both genders, the trend in EE differed from the trend in SE. Trends of cannabis use increased in both genders in SE and BK; differences were found between the curvilinear trends in EE and BK. MD by substance and gender were generally somewhat stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Despite regional differences in prevalence of substance use among European adolescents from 1999 to 2015, trends showed remarkable similarities, with strong decreasing trends in cigarette use and moderate decreasing trends in alcohol use. Trends of cannabis use only increased in southern Europe and the Balkans. Trends across all substance use indicators suggest no regional convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Sabrina Molinaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Siciliano
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ulf Guttormsson
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Arpa
- Foundation for Social Welfare Services, Santa Venera, Malta
| | | | - Håkan Leifman
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Vicente
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul Griffiths
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernanda Feijão
- SICAD Serviço de Intervenção nos Comportamentos Aditivos e nas Dependências, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patrick Lambrecht
- Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology (KLEP), Free University Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alojz Nociar
- St Elisabeth University of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Stanislas Spilka
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Paris, France
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186
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Cleveland MJ, Turrisi R, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, Marzell M. The Effects of Mothers' Protective Parenting and Alcohol Use on Emerging Adults' Alcohol Use: Testing Indirect Effects Through Prototype Favorability Among African American Youth. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1291-1303. [PMID: 29878386 PMCID: PMC6570492 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined how mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use influenced changes in offspring's heavy drinking among a sample of African American youth. The conceptual model also tested indirect effects of mothers' behaviors, through changes in the youths' social images (i.e., prototypes) of heavy drinkers, derived from the prototype willingness (PW) model. METHODS Participants were 686 emerging adults (55% female) from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), an ongoing prospective study of African American families. Three waves of FACHS data were used as follows: T3 during 10th grade (M age = 16.3 years), T4 shortly after high school (M age = 19.4 years), and T5 3 years later (M age = 22.1 years). Mothers' self-reports of protective parenting and alcohol use were assessed at T4. Two separate path models tested the study hypotheses. The first model specified direct and indirect effects of mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use. The second model added interaction terms between the protective parenting behaviors and mothers' alcohol use. The analyses were first conducted using the full sample and then repeated separately for female and male participants. RESULTS Maternal alcohol use had a positive and direct effect on offspring's alcohol use. Mothers' endorsement of alcohol-related rules inhibited normative increases in the favorability of the offspring's social image of heavy drinkers (prototype) while her warmth was positively related to these increases. Maternal alcohol use amplified the positive association between mothers' warmth and the daughters' increased drinking. For sons, maternal alcohol use increased the positive association between alcohol-related rules and increased prototype favorability. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated clear gender differences in how mothers' behaviors influence her offspring's alcohol use during the transition to emerging adulthood. Interventions that target culturally specific risk and protective factors within the family environment are needed to reduce health disparities among this vulnerable population of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederick X Gibbons
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Meg Gerrard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Miesha Marzell
- The Department of Social Work, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
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187
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Page N, Sivarajasingam V, Jones S, Shepherd J. Links between deprivation and risk of violence-related injury: a qualitative study to identify potential causal mechanisms. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:e59-e65. [PMID: 28977487 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deprivation has been shown to have a greater effect on risk of violent injury among adolescent girls than boys, but the mechanisms underlying this association have not been identified. Methods In this qualitative study designed to identify causal mechanisms, focus groups involving girls aged 14-16 years attending secondary schools in South Wales, UK, were convened. Schools were recruited based on a measure of area-level deprivation. Discussions were audio-recorded and transcripts analysed thematically. Results Girls from more deprived areas tended not to participate in organized activities, obtained alcohol from multiple sources, consumed alcoholic drinks of varying strengths in both supervised and unsupervised settings, and tended not to feel trusted by their parents; this led to poor adolescent-parent communication. Girls from less deprived areas tended to participate in organized activities, obtain alcohol from parents, consume low strength alcohol in supervised settings, and have a trusting and communicative relationship with their parents. Conclusion Deprivation may increase risk of adolescent girls sustaining violence-related injury by increasing their time spent in unsupervised environments, with alcohol and without parental knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Page
- Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - V Sivarajasingam
- Violence Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Jones
- Public Health Wales, Capital Quarter 2, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Shepherd
- Violence Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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188
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Steeger CM, Hill KG. Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Substance-Specific Parenting Practices and Child Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:681-687. [PMID: 29396083 PMCID: PMC5963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to understand whether substance-specific parenting practices predicted the probability of child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use beyond known family factors like family management and parental substance use and norms. METHODS Data were drawn from the Intergenerational Project, which used an accelerated longitudinal design and included 383 families surveyed seven times between 2002 and 2011. Analyses included 224 families with children ages 10-18 years (49% female). Multilevel models tested both concurrent and lagged (predictors at time t - 1, outcomes at time t) associations between child past year use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and time-varying measures of substance-specific parenting practices, including permitting child use of alcohol or cigarettes; family rules about alcohol, cigarette, and drug use; and child involvement in family member alcohol or cigarette use (getting, opening, or pouring alcoholic drinks; getting or lighting cigarettes for family members). Demographic controls were included. RESULTS Child involvement in family member substance use predicted an increased probability of child substance use both concurrently and 1 year later, even when controlling parent substance use, pro-substance norms, and family management. Family rules about substance use and parent provision of alcohol or cigarettes were not consistently related to child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Family-based preventive interventions to reduce youth substance use should continue to focus on family management and include messaging discouraging parents from allowing children to get, open, or pour drinks or get or light cigarettes for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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189
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Sawyer A, Coleman L, Cooke R, Hodgson L, Sherriff N. Understanding conversations about alcohol between parents and their 15-17 year olds: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:631. [PMID: 29769053 PMCID: PMC5956849 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing awareness that parents can play an important role in shaping their children's attitudes towards alcohol and use of alcohol. However, there has been little research exploring the conversations parents have with their children about alcohol. The present study aims to address this gap by exploring conversations between parents and their 15-17 year old children. METHODS Using a cross-sectional qualitative design, recruitment took place over two phases to allow a purposive maximum variation sample of parents and young people. Sixty-four participants (n = 48 parents; n = 16 young people aged 15-17 years) took part in semi-structured interviews. The sample was diverse and included participants from throughout the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data separately for all parents and 16 matched parent-child pairs. RESULTS The parents' findings were summarised within the following thematic areas: 1) style of conversation; 2) triggers to conversations; 3) topics conveyed during conversations; and 4) supervision of child's alcohol consumption. Most parents were comfortable talking to their children about alcohol. It was considered that open and honest conversations helped demystify alcohol for young people. Most conversations that parents had with their children were brief and informal and a wide range of triggers to these conversations were reported. There was some indication that as children got older conversations became more frequent and more focused on safety. Overall, the matched parent-child interviews were very consistent regarding levels of child drinking, conversation starters, and topics discussed. However, in some cases parents underestimated their child's need and desire for further conversations about alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Most parents felt comfortable having conversations with their older children about alcohol. However, parents also wanted more support with having these conversations, particularly about how to start a conversation and what to talk about. This study provides several recommendations to help parents have an open conversation about alcohol with their children. For example, brief, informal chats seem to be the most appropriate way of speaking to children about alcohol compared to a more formal, "sit-down" style of conversation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sawyer
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
| | - Lester Coleman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, L69 3GL, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lisa Hodgson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Nigel Sherriff
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK
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190
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Burns SK, Maycock B, Hildebrand J, Zhao Y, Allsop S, Lobo R, Howat P. Development and testing of the Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) instrument to measure youth alcohol norms and psychosocial influences. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019641. [PMID: 29764872 PMCID: PMC5961560 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop and validate an online instrument to: (1) identify common alcohol-related social influences, norms and beliefs among adolescents; (2) clarify the process and pathways through which proalcohol norms are transmitted to adolescents; (3) describe the characteristics of social connections that contribute to the transmission of alcohol norms; and (4) identify the influence of alcohol marketing on adolescent norm development. SETTING The online Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) was administered in secondary schools in Western Australia PARTICIPANTS: Using a 2-week test-retest format, the YANS was administered to secondary school students (n=481, age=13-17 years, female 309, 64.2%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The development of the YANS was guided by social cognitive theory and comprised a systematic multistage process including evaluation of content and face validity. A 2-week test-retest format was employed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the instrument. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. RESULTS A five-factor structure with meaningful components and robust factorial loads was identified, and the five factors were labelled as 'individual attitudes and beliefs', 'peer and community identity', 'sibling influences', 'school and community connectedness' and 'injunctive norms', respectively. The instrument demonstrated stability across the test-retest procedure (ICC=0.68-0.88, Cohen's kappa coefficient=0.69) for most variables. CONCLUSIONS The results support the reliability and factorial validity of this instrument. The YANS presents a promising tool, which enables comprehensive assessment of reciprocal individual, behavioural and environmental factors that influence alcohol-related norms among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn K Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janina Hildebrand
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Howat
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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191
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Strunin L, Díaz-Martínez A, Díaz-Martínez LR, Heeren T, Chen C, Winter M, Kuranz S, Hernández-Ávila CA, Fernández-Varela H, Solís-Torres C. Age of Onset, Current Use of Alcohol, Tobacco or Marijuana and Current Polysubstance Use Among Male and Female Mexican Students. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:564-571. [PMID: 28481972 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to examine alcohol, tobacco or marijuana use onset and associations between age of onset and current use, and between age of onset and current polysubstance use among a sample of Mexican young people aged 17-20 years. Methods Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other substance use were identified in a 2012 cross-sectional survey of male and female students entering first year university in Mexico City. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models examined associations between gender, age of onset, order of onset, family substance use and current polysubstance use among 22,224 students. Results The largest proportions of males and females initiated alcohol at age 15, tobacco at ages 15-16 and marijuana at ages 16-17. Earlier alcohol and tobacco initiation was associated with past 30-day use of the same substance. Gender differences in alcohol and tobacco use were small but males were significantly more likely than females to use marijuana and be polysubstance users. Family substance use was associated with earlier onset. There was a significant association between the earliest age of any of the three substances and current polysubstance use. Conclusions A number of contextual and cultural factors in Mexico may be contributing to early onset, continued use and polysubstance use and deserve attention in research and by prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Strunin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Edifico 'F' Primer Piso, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacan, México,D.F.04510, Mexico
| | - L Rosa Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico/National Institute on Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Calzada México-Xochimilco no. 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegacion Tlalpan, México, D.F.14570, Mexico
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clara Chen
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Seth Kuranz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos A Hernández-Ávila
- Department of Psychiatry and Alcohol Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Héctor Fernández-Varela
- General Medical Services, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar S-N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacan, México, D.F.04510, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Solís-Torres
- General Medical Services, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar S-N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacan, México, D.F.04510, Mexico
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192
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Johnston RS, Stafford J, Jongenelis MI, Shaw T, Samsa H, Costello E, Kirby G. Evaluation of a public education campaign to support parents to reduce adolescent alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:588-598. [PMID: 29672988 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Mass media education campaigns targeting parents may influence parent factors that reduce adolescent drinking; however few such campaigns have been evaluated. DESIGN AND METHODS The Parents, Young People and Alcohol campaign included two phases of mass media advertising, Cogs and I See, to deliver consistent messages across multiple media channels. The campaign targeted Western Australian parents of 12-17 year olds with messages describing alcohol's effect on the developing brain and adolescent physical and mental health. The campaign reinforced the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Guideline that for under 18s, not drinking is the safest option. Parent knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were assessed via cross-sectional surveys administered before the campaign (Time 1) and at two post-tests (Time 2; Time 3). Post-test campaign awareness and perceptions were also assessed. RESULTS Campaign awareness was high (48% Time 2; 80% Time 3) and over 86% of parents found the campaign believable and relevant at both post-tests. Increased knowledge of the NHMRC guideline and lower belief in alcohol myths were found at both post-tests compared to Time 1. Less positive attitudes to parental supply were found at Time 2, but were not sustained at Time 3. Parents were more likely to have discussed alcohol risks and limiting drinking with their child at Time 3, but parent-to-child alcohol supply did not change significantly. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The campaign achieved high awareness and positively influenced parental outcomes. Longer term campaign implementation supported by policy and environmental measures may be required to change parental supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Johnston
- McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia Stafford
- McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Therese Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah Samsa
- Alcohol, Other Drugs and Prevention Services, Mental Health Commission, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Eleanor Costello
- Alcohol, Other Drugs and Prevention Services, Mental Health Commission, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gary Kirby
- Alcohol, Other Drugs and Prevention Services, Mental Health Commission, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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193
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Tran NT, Clavarino A, Williams GM, Najman JM. Gender Difference in Offspring's Alcohol Use Disorder by 21 Years: A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Influences. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:705-715. [PMID: 28960126 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1363233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is little known about the extent to which maternal alcohol consumption influences offspring's alcohol use disorder. This study aims to examine whether different maternal alcohol consumption trajectories predict gender difference in adolescent alcohol use disorder at child age 21 years. METHODS Data are from a prospective cohort, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes. The study involves 2531 mother-child pairs for whom data are available at the 21-year follow-up survey. Maternal alcohol consumption trajectories were determined by group-based trajectory modelling. Offspring's lifetime ever alcohol use disorder was assessed using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Over 14 years of follow-up after the birth of a child, three distinct alcohol consumption trajectories were identified (abstainer, low-stable. and moderate-escalating drinker). A maternal trajectory of moderate-escalating alcohol consumption independently predicted offspring's lifetime ever alcohol use disorder at 21 years after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. "Cross-gender influence" is observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS A maternal life course pattern of alcohol consumption may have an independent effect on offspring alcohol consumption, with male offspring being more vulnerable to the effects of maternal alcohol use than are female offspring. Programs intended to address alcohol consumption by adolescents and young adults need to focus on the behaviors of both parents but acknowledging that maternal patterns of alcohol consumption may be particularly important for male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Tran
- a ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Life Course Centre), Institute for Social Science Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Department of Sociology , Academy of Journalism and Communication , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- c School of Pharmacy , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- d School of Population Health , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- a ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Life Course Centre), Institute for Social Science Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,d School of Population Health , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,e Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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194
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Villegas-Pantoja M, Guzmán-Facundo F, Alonso-Castillo M, de la Rubia JM, López-García K. Parenting Behaviors and Their Relationship With Alcohol Involvement in Mexican Teenagers and Young Adults. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1455612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karla López-García
- School of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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195
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Pape H, Rossow I, Brunborg GS. Adolescents drink less: How, who and why? A review of the recent research literature. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S98-S114. [PMID: 29573020 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Today's teenagers have been described as a sober generation and we asked: 'What is known about the recent decline in youth drinking?' APPROACH A literature review (2005-2017). KEY FINDINGS Research from wealthier parts of the world provides solid evidence of less alcohol use by youth since the millennium shift. Some studies show that this is reflected at all levels of consumption, but there are also indications that the heaviest drinkers have not reduced their drinking. The decrease is predominately seen in underage youth, and has been larger for boys than for girls in several countries. Teenagers across social strata drink less, but some disadvantaged subgroups have not followed the downward trend. Underage drinkers have apparently not become a more deviant group as the prevalence of drinking has dropped, indicating no hardening of the group. The major gap in the literature pertains to the issue of underlying driving forces. We found no evidence in support of the widespread assumption that the digital revolution has been of importance. A decline in parenting practices that are conductive to underage drinking has occurred in several countries, but studies examining whether these changes have contributed to less alcohol use by youth are almost non-existent. IMPLICATIONS To inform alcohol policy and prevention, it is imperative to find out why teenage drinking has decreased in a fairly consistent way across numerous countries. CONCLUSION Future research into the issue of falling prevalence rates of youth drinking should focus on possible explanatory factors at the population level rather than at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,The Research Department, University College of Norwegian Prison Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
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196
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Thornton LK, Chapman C, Leidl D, Conroy C, Teesson M, Slade T, Koning I, Champion K, Stapinski L, Newton N. Climate schools plus: An online, combined student and parent, universal drug prevention program. Internet Interv 2018; 12:36-45. [PMID: 30135767 PMCID: PMC6096315 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of substance use significantly increases one's risk of developing substance use dependence and mental disorders later in life. To interrupt this trajectory, effective prevention during the adolescent period is critical. Parents play a key role in preventing substance use and related harms among adolescents and parenting interventions have been identified as critical components of effective prevention programs. Despite this, there is currently no substance use prevention program targeting both students and parents that adopts online delivery to overcome barriers to implementation and sustainability. The Climate Schools Plus (CSP) program was developed to meet this need. CSP is an online substance use prevention program for students and parents, based on the effective Climate Schools prevention program for students. This paper describes the development of the parent component of CSP including a literature review and results of a large scoping survey of parents of Australian high school students (n = 242). This paper also includes results of beta-testing of the developed program with relevant experts (n = 10), and parents of Australian high school students (n = 15). The CSP parent component consists of 1) a webinar which introduces shared rule ranking, 2) online modules and 3) summaries of student lessons. The parent program targets evidence-based modifiable factors associated with a delay in the onset of adolescent substance use and/or lower levels of adolescent substance use in the future; namely, rule-setting, monitoring, and modelling. To date, this is the first combined parent-student substance use prevention program to adopt an online delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K. Thornton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Corresponding author at: NDARC, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cath Chapman
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Leidl
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chloe Conroy
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ina Koning
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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197
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Raitasalo K, Simonen J, Tigerstedt C, Mäkelä P, Tapanainen H. What is going on in underage drinking? Reflections on Finnish European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs data 1999-2015. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S76-S84. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jenni Simonen
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Christoffer Tigerstedt
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- The Nutrition Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
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198
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Alexander AC, Obong'o CO, Chavan P, Vander Weg MW, Ward KD. Applying the Problem Behavior Theory to Adolescent Drug Use Among a Cross-Sectional Sample of Boys Participating in a Community-Based Youth Organization. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:610-621. [PMID: 28910186 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1349802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use remains an important public health concern in the United States, and understanding drug use among young adolescents is vital towards improving the health of the population. OBJECTIVE This study applied the Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) to lifetime drug use among a cross-sectional sample of Boy Scouts (N = 770). The PBT provides a conceptual framework for identifying risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors, including drug use. METHODS Scouts reported their drug use and socio-demographics, and were assessed on several risk and protective factors. For analyses, sociodemographic and risk and protective factors were selected according to the framework provided by PBT, and use of each drug was regressed logistically on these selected factors. Final logistic models were assessed for goodness of fit and discriminatory power. RESULTS The PBT demonstrated discriminatory power for all drugs (Tjur's R2 values ≥.29), but fell sharply for illicit drug use (Tjur's R2 =.20). There were no consistent correlates of drug use. Conclusions/Importance: The PBT had less explanatory power for illicit drug use compared to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, which suggests different risk and protective factors were associated with illicit drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Alexander
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | | | - Prachi Chavan
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- b Center for Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation , Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , University of Iowa College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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199
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McKay M, Agus A, Cole J, Doherty P, Foxcroft D, Harvey S, Murphy L, Percy A, Sumnall H. Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP): a school-based and community-based cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019722. [PMID: 29525770 PMCID: PMC5879538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of a combined classroom curriculum and parental intervention (the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP)), compared with alcohol education as normal (EAN), in reducing self-reported heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-related harms (ARHs) in adolescents. SETTING 105 high schools in Northern Ireland (NI) and in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Schools were stratified by free school meal provision. Schools in NI were also stratified by school type (male/female/coeducational). Eligible students were in school year 8/S1 (aged 11-12 years) at baseline (June 2012). INTERVENTION A classroom-based alcohol education intervention, coupled with a brief alcohol intervention for parents/carers. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: (1) The prevalence of self-reported HED in the previous 30 days and (2) the number of self-reported ARHs in the previous 6 months. Outcomes were assessed using two-level random intercepts models (logistic regression for HED and negative binomial for number of ARHs). RESULTS At 33 months, data were available for 5160 intervention and 5073 control students (HED outcome), and 5234 and 5146 students (ARH outcome), respectively. Of those who completed a questionnaire at either baseline or 12 months (n=12 738), 10 405 also completed the questionnaire at 33 months (81.7%). Fewer students in the intervention group reported HED compared with EAN (17%vs26%; OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.73), with no significant difference in the number of self-reported ARHs (incident rate ratio=0.92, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.05). Although the classroom component was largely delivered as intended, there was low uptake of the parental component. There were no reported adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that STAMPP could be an effective programme to reduce HED prevalence. While there was no significant reduction in ARH, it is plausible that effects on harms would manifest later. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN47028486; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKay
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ashley Agus
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Jonathan Cole
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Doherty
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - David Foxcroft
- Psychology and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Séamus Harvey
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Bangor, Bangor, UK
| | - Lynn Murphy
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew Percy
- School of Social Sciences, Education, and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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200
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Shaw T, Johnston RS, Gilligan C, McBride N, Thomas LT. Child-parent agreement on alcohol-related parenting: Opportunities for prevention of alcohol-related harm. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 29:123-132. [PMID: 30159989 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Excessive alcohol consumption places adolescents at increased risk of preventable, acute alcohol-related injury. Parental attitudes and behaviours influence adolescents' alcohol use. This study examined alignment in parent and child reports of alcohol-related parenting and whether misalignment related to the child ever having drunk alcohol. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in five secondary schools in [information removed for blinding in Perth, Western Australia] in 2015. All students in Years 7, 10 and 12 and their parents were eligible, and data were matched for 124 child-parent dyads. Alignment of parent-child reports was assessed using kappa statistics. In dyads where the parent reported protective attitudes and behaviours, the association between misalignment and alcohol use was tested in logistic regressions. RESULTS Overall, child-parent reports were aligned on parents' expectations, knowledge and actions (65% and higher agreed). While alignment on parental expectations seemed to decrease with age, alignment on parental communication and rule-setting increased. Misalignment on reports of parents' expectations was associated with increased odds of the child reporting having ever had alcohol (OR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.7-47.7), as was parental supply (OR = 20.2; 95% CI = 3.3-121.5), but misalignment on parental communication, rule-setting and knowledge were not. CONCLUSIONS Parent nonsupply of alcohol and disapproval of use were most important in terms of associations with ever drinking. SO WHAT?: These findings call for interventions that support parents to expect no alcohol use and enable parents to communicate their expectation in a manner that resonates with their child. Effective parenting will contribute to reducing alcohol-related harm in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robyn S Johnston
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Conor Gilligan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura T Thomas
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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