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Taher M, El-Hadidi A, El-Shendidi A, Sedky A. Soluble CD163 for Prediction of High-Risk Esophageal Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 29:82-95. [DOI: 10.1159/000516913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Activation of hepatic macrophages in liver disease is pathogenically related to portal hypertension (PH). Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is shed in blood by activated macrophages and may predict PH progression noninvasively. This study was designed to investigate the relation of serum sCD163 to the grade and bleeding risk of esophageal varices (EV) and its role for prediction of variceal hemorrhage (VH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included cirrhotic patients divided into 3 groups: patients who presented with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) proved to originate from EV on endoscopy, patients without any history of UGIB but who revealed EV on surveillance endoscopy, and patients without endoscopic evidence of varices. Variceal grade and risk signs and bleeding stigmata were noted simultaneously with measurement of serum sCD163 concentration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Serum sCD163 concentration showed a significant increase in cirrhotic patients compared to healthy subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with a stepwise increase among the group without varices, nonbleeder group, and bleeder group sequentially. Serum sCD163 levels correlated positively with the variceal grade and risk signs in both the bleeder and nonbleeder groups (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Serum sCD163 at a cutoff value of 3.6 mg/L performed significantly for prediction of EV presence (AUC = 0.888). Serum sCD163 at a cutoff value >4 mg/L significantly predicted large-size and high-risk EV (AUC = 0.910 and AUC = 0.939, respectively) and the index bleed risk (AUC = 0.977). Serum sCD163 at a cutoff value >4.05 mg/L modestly discriminated bleeding EV from those that had never bled (AUC = 0.811). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Serum sCD163 levels accurately predicted high-grade and high-risk EV and could help plan for primary prophylaxis. However, it modestly identified VH occurrence, and endoscopy would be required to make a definitive diagnosis.
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Wan S, Sun X, Tang W, Wang L, Wu Z, Sun X. Exosome-Depleted Excretory-Secretory Products of the Fourth-Stage Larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis Promotes Alternative Activation of Macrophages Through Metabolic Reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685984. [PMID: 34367145 PMCID: PMC8343011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), which parasitizes in the brain of the non-permissive host, such as mouse and human, is an etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis. Excretory-secretory (ES) products play an important role in the interaction between parasites and hosts’ immune responses. Inflammatory macrophages are responsible for eosinophilic meningitis induced by AC, and the soluble antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth stage larva (AC L4), a mimic of dead AC L4, aggravate eosinophilic meningitis in AC-infected mice model via promoting alternative activation of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the key molecules in the ES products of AC L4 on macrophages and observed the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the PI3K-Akt pathway. First, a co-culture system of macrophage and AC L4 was established to define the role of AC L4 ES products on macrophage polarization. Then, AC L4 exosome and exosome-depleted excretory-secretory products (exofree) were separated from AC L4 ES products using differential centrifugation, and their distinct roles on macrophage polarization were confirmed using qPCR and ELISA experiments. Moreover, AC L4 exofree induced alternative activation of macrophages, which is partially associated with metabolic reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt pathway. Next, lectin blot and deglycosylation assay were done, suggesting the key role of N-linked glycoproteins in exofree. Then, glycoproteomic analysis of exofree and RNA-seq analysis of exofree-treated macrophage were performed. Bi-layer PPI network analysis based on these results identified macrophage-related protein Hexa as a key molecule in inducing alternative activation of macrophages. Our results indicate a great value for research of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules, which might contribute to drug development for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wan
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Zhongshan School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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153
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Trappetti V, Fazzari JM, Fernandez-Palomo C, Scheidegger M, Volarevic V, Martin OA, Djonov VG. Microbeam Radiotherapy-A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Overcome Radioresistance and Enhance Anti-Tumour Response in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7755. [PMID: 34299373 PMCID: PMC8303317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, due to its invasiveness and limited treatment efficacy. The main therapy for primary melanoma and solitary organ metastases is wide excision. Adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies are mainly used for disseminated disease. Radiotherapy (RT) is a powerful treatment option used in more than 50% of cancer patients, however, conventional RT alone is unable to eradicate melanoma. Its general radioresistance is attributed to overexpression of repair genes in combination with cascades of biochemical repair mechanisms. A novel sophisticated technique based on synchrotron-generated, spatially fractionated RT, called Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT), has been shown to overcome these treatment limitations by allowing increased dose delivery. With MRT, a collimator subdivides the homogeneous radiation field into an array of co-planar, high-dose microbeams that are tens of micrometres wide and spaced a few hundred micrometres apart. Different preclinical models demonstrated that MRT has the potential to completely ablate tumours, or significantly improve tumour control while dramatically reducing normal tissue toxicity. Here, we discuss the role of conventional RT-induced immunity and the potential for MRT to enhance local and systemic anti-tumour immune responses. Comparative gene expression analysis from preclinical tumour models indicated a specific gene signature for an 'MRT-induced immune effect'. This focused review highlights the potential of MRT to overcome the inherent radioresistance of melanoma which could be further enhanced for future clinical use with combined treatment strategies, in particular, immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer M. Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Maximilian Scheidegger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Radiation Oncology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Valentin G. Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
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154
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Siegel PM, Orlean L, Bojti I, Kaier K, Witsch T, Esser JS, Trummer G, Moser M, Peter K, Bode C, Diehl P. Monocyte Dysfunction Detected by the Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein F7 Predicts Mortality in Patients Receiving Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:689218. [PMID: 34350217 PMCID: PMC8326337 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.689218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used for critically ill patients requiring hemodynamic support but has been shown to induce an inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to severe complications and poor outcome. Monocytes are comprised of different subsets and play a central role in the innate immune system. The unique small binding proteins, Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein “F7” and single chain variable fragment “MAN-1,” specifically detect the activated conformation of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 enabling the highly sensitive detection of monocyte activation status. The aim of this study was to characterize monocyte function and heterogeneity and their association with outcome in VA-ECMO patients. Methods: VA-ECMO patients were recruited from the ICUs of the University Hospital in Freiburg, Germany. Blood was sampled on day 0 and day 3 after VA-ECMO placement, after VA-ECMO explantation and from healthy controls. Monocyte subset distribution, baseline activation and stimulability were analyzed by flow cytometry using the unique small binding proteins F7 and MAN-1 and the conventional activation markers CD163, CD86, CD69, and CX3CR1. Furthermore, expression of monocyte activation markers in survivors and non-survivors on day 0 was compared. Simple logistic regression was conducted to determine the association of monocyte activation markers with mortality. Results: Twenty two patients on VA-ECMO and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Eleven patients survived until discharge from the ICU. Compared to controls, baseline monocyte activation was significantly increased, whereas stimulability was decreased. The percentage of classical monocytes increased after explantation, while the percentage of intermediate monocytes decreased. Total, classical, and intermediate monocyte counts were significantly elevated compared to controls. On day 0, baseline binding of F7 was significantly lower in non-survivors than survivors. The area under the ROC curve associated with mortality on day 0 was 0.802 (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Distribution of monocyte subsets changes during VA-ECMO and absolute classical and intermediate monocyte counts are significantly elevated compared to controls. Monocytes from VA-ECMO patients showed signs of dysfunction. Monocyte dysfunction, as determined by the unique tool F7, could be valuable for predicting mortality in patients receiving VA-ECMO and may be used as a novel biomarker guiding early clinical decision making in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Siegel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Orlean
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - István Bojti
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer S Esser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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155
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Steinhauser CB, Lambo CA, Askelson K, Burns GW, Behura SK, Spencer TE, Bazer FW, Satterfield MC. Placental Transcriptome Adaptations to Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147654. [PMID: 34299281 PMCID: PMC8306922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental development is modified in response to maternal nutrient restriction (NR), resulting in a spectrum of fetal growth rates. Pregnant sheep carrying singleton fetuses and fed either 100% (n = 8) or 50% (NR; n = 28) of their National Research Council (NRC) recommended intake from days 35–135 of pregnancy were used to elucidate placentome transcriptome alterations at both day 70 and day 135. NR fetuses were further designated into upper (NR NonSGA; n = 7) and lower quartiles (NR SGA; n = 7) based on day 135 fetal weight. At day 70 of pregnancy, there were 22 genes dysregulated between NR SGA and 100% NRC placentomes, 27 genes between NR NonSGA and 100% NRC placentomes, and 22 genes between NR SGA and NR NonSGA placentomes. These genes mediated molecular functions such as MHC class II protein binding, signaling receptor binding, and cytokine activity. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed significant overrepresentation of genes for natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in NR SGA compared to 100% NRC placentomes, and alterations in nutrient utilization pathways between NR SGA and NR NonSGA placentomes at day 70. Results identify novel factors associated with impaired function in SGA placentomes and potential for placentomes from NR NonSGA pregnancies to adapt to nutritional hardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie B. Steinhauser
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.B.S.); (K.A.); (F.W.B.)
| | - Colleen A. Lambo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Katharine Askelson
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.B.S.); (K.A.); (F.W.B.)
| | - Gregory W. Burns
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Susanta K. Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.K.B.); (T.E.S.)
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.K.B.); (T.E.S.)
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.B.S.); (K.A.); (F.W.B.)
| | - Michael Carey Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.B.S.); (K.A.); (F.W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-6448
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156
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A, Hu D, Chereshnev V. Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7582. [PMID: 34299201 PMCID: PMC8304657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and finally the shockogenic phenomenon of "inflammatory systemic microcirculation". The pathogenetic core of critical situations, including COVID-19, is this phenomenon. Microcirculatory abnormalities, on the other hand, lie at the heart of a specific type of general pathological process known as systemic inflammation (SI). Systemic inflammatory response, cytokine release, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammatory syndrome are all terms that refer to different aspects of SI. As a result, the metabolic syndrome model does not adequately reflect the pathophysiology of persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (ChSLGI). Diseases associated with ChSLGI, on the other hand, are risk factors for a severe COVID-19 course. The review examines the role of hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, scavenger receptors, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the processes of the hemophagocytic syndrome, in the systemic alteration and development of SI in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.G.); (V.C.)
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 200092, China;
| | - Valeriy Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.G.); (V.C.)
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157
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Advances in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:70. [PMID: 34255209 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of recent studies on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA). RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show differences in gut microbiome in patients with JSpA in comparison to healthy controls. There is increased recognition of the impact of the innate immune system on disease pathology. Normative reference on MRI of sacroiliac (SI) joints in children is now available. However, there is significant variability in interpretation of MRI of SI joints in children and a need for standardization. NSAIDs, physical therapy, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors (TNFi) remain the mainstay of management for patients with JIA who have polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, and/or enthesitis as per recent ACR guidelines. Newer therapeutic options beyond TNFi are needed to manage patients who fail TNFi. This review highlights some of the recent advances in our knowledge of JSpA pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It also identifies areas in need of further research and standardization to improve our understanding and outcomes in JSpA.
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158
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The Conditioned Medium of Lactobacillus rhamnoides GG Regulates Microglia/Macrophage Polarization and Improves Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3376496. [PMID: 34337004 PMCID: PMC8289592 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3376496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnoides, a human intestinal colonizer, can act through various pathways to induce microglia/macrophages to produce cytokines and to polarize microglia/macrophages to different phenotypes to reduce the inflammatory response. In this article, we evaluated the treatment potential of the Lactobacillus rhamnoides GG conditioned medium (LGG-CM) in rat model with SCI (acute spinal cord injury), including functional, neurophysiological, and histological outcomes and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. In our experiment, LGG-CM (30 mg/kg) was injected directly into the injury site in rats immediately after SCI. Measured by the BBB scale (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale) and inclined plane test, rats in the LGG-CM-treated group showed better locomotor scores. Moreover, compared to the vehicle treatment group, LGG-CM increased the mRNA level of the M2 marker (CD206), and decreased that of the M1 marker (iNOS). Western blot assays showed that LGG-CM-treated SCI rats had a higher grayscale ratio of p65 and a lower ratio of p-IκBα/IκBα. Our study shows that local injection of LGG-CM after acute SCI can inhibit inflammatory responses and improve motor function recovery. These effects may be related with the inhibition to the NF-κB (The nuclear factor-kappa B) signal pathway which leads to M2 microglia/macrophage polarization.
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159
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Cantero-Navarro E, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Sanz AB, Marquez-Exposito L, Marchant V, Santos-Sanchez L, Egido J, Ortiz A, Bellon T, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Ruiz-Ortega M. Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688060. [PMID: 34307414 PMCID: PMC8295566 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bellon
- La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Roohani S, Tacke F. Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147249. [PMID: 34298870 PMCID: PMC8306699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal commensals. The tissue-resident liver macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, represent key phagocytes that closely interact with local parenchymal, interstitial and other immunological cells in the liver to maintain homeostasis and tolerance against harmless antigens. Upon liver injury, the pool of hepatic macrophages expands dramatically by infiltrating bone marrow-/monocyte-derived macrophages. The interplay of the injured microenvironment and altered macrophage pool skews the subsequent course of liver injuries. It may range from complete recovery to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification and role of hepatic macrophages in the healthy and injured liver.
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Das R, Mukhopadhyay B. A brief insight to the role of glyconanotechnology in modern day diagnostics and therapeutics. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108394. [PMID: 34265516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are very important for various biological processes. Although the magnitude of these interactions is low compared to that of protein-protein interaction, the magnitude can be boosted by multivalent approach known as glycocluster effect. Nanoparticle platform is one of the best ways to present diverse glycoforms in multivalent manner and thus, the field of glyconanotechnology has emerged as an important field of research considering their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. Considerable advances in the field have been achieved through development of novel techniques, use of diverse metallic and non-metallic cores for better efficacy and application of ever-increasing number of carbohydrate ligands for site-specific interaction. The present review encompasses the recent developments in the area of glyconanotechnology and their future promise as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
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CD163 as a Potential Biomarker of Monocyte Activation in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136712. [PMID: 34201498 PMCID: PMC8268853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In ischemic stroke patients, a higher monocyte count is associated with disease severity and worse prognosis. The complex correlation between subset phenotypes and functions underscores the importance of clarifying the role of monocyte subpopulations. We examined the subtype-specific distribution of the CD163+ and CD80+ circulating monocytes and evaluated their association with the inflammatory status in 26 ischemic stroke patients and 16 healthy controls. An increased percentage of CD163+/CD16+ and CD163+/CD14++ events occurred 24 and 48 h after a stroke compared to the controls. CD163+ expression was more pronounced in CD16+ non-classical and intermediate monocytes, as compared to CD14+ classical subtype, 24 h after stroke. Conversely, the percentage of CD80+/CD16+ events was unaffected in patients; meanwhile, the percentage of CD80+/CD14+ events significantly increased only 24 h after stroke. Interleukin (IL)-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-4 mRNA levels were higher, while IL-10 mRNA levels were reduced in total monocytes from patients versus controls, at either 24 h or 48 h after stroke. The percentage of CD163+/CD16+ events 24 h after stroke was positively associated with NIHSS score and mRS at admission, suggesting that stroke severity and disability are relevant triggers for CD163+ expression in circulating CD16+ monocytes.
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Wheelis SE, Biguetti CC, Natarajan S, Arteaga A, Allami JE, Chandrashekar BL, Garlet G, Rodrigues DC. Cellular and Molecular Dynamics during Early Oral Osseointegration: A Comprehensive Characterization in the Lewis Rat. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2392-2407. [PMID: 33625829 PMCID: PMC8796703 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need to improve the predictability of osseointegration in implant dentistry. Current literature uses a variety of in vivo titanium (Ti) implantation models to investigate failure modes and test new materials and surfaces. However, these models produce a variety of results, making comparison across studies difficult. The purpose of this study is to validate an oral osseointegration in the Lewis rat to provide a reproducible baseline to track the inflammatory response and healing of Ti implants. METHODS Ti screws (0.76 mm Ø × 2 mm length) were implanted into the maxillary diastema of 52 adult male Lewis rats. Peri-implant tissues were evaluated 2, 7, 14, and 30 days after implantation (n = 13). Seven of the 13 samples underwent microtomographic analysis, histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry to track healing parameters. The remaining six samples underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to evaluate gene expression of inflammation and bone remodeling markers over time. RESULTS This model achieved a 78.5% success rate. Successful implants had a bone to implant contact (BIC)% of 68.86 ± 3.15 at 30 days on average. Histologically, healing was similar to other rodent models: hematoma and acute inflammation at 2 days, initial bone formation at 7, advanced bone formation and remodeling at 14, and bone maturation at 30. qPCR indicated the highest expression of bone remodeling and inflammatory markers 2-7 days, before slowly declining to nonsurgery control levels at 14-30 days. CONCLUSION This model combines cost-effectiveness and simplicity of a rodent model, while maximizing BIC, making it an excellent candidate for evaluation of new surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shruti Natarajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
- Texas A&M College of Dentistry
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Garlet
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Shahzad F, Bashir N, Ali A, Jabeen S, Kashif M, Javaid K, Tahir R, Abbas A, Jahan S, Afzal N. Decreased classical monocytes and CD163 expression in TB patients: an indicator of drug resistance. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:607-617. [PMID: 33586094 PMCID: PMC8105472 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease instigated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Peripheral blood monocytes represent highly efficient effector cells of innate immunity against TB. Little is known about monocyte subsets and their potential involvement in the development of M. tuberculosis drug resistance in patients with TB. This study was conducted to investigate alterations in monocyte subsets, CD163 expression on monocytes, and its serum level in patients without and with rifampicin resistance TB (RR-TB) and healthy controls. A total of 164 patients with TB (84 without RR-TB and 80 patients with RR-TB) and 85 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The percentages of various monocyte subsets and surface expression of CD163 on monocytes were quantitatively determined using flow cytometry. The serum level of CD163 was determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Decreased frequency of classical monocytes was detected in patients with RR-TB. Non-classical monocytes were decreased in patients without RR-TB; however, intermediate monocytes were raised in patients with RR-TB. The serum level of CD163 was decreased in patients of RR-TB that showsed a positive correlation with the frequency of CD14++CD16-CD163+ and CD14++CD16+CD163+ monocytes. It is concluded that decreased classical monocytes and sCD163 in patients with RR-TB could be an indicator of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shahzad
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Noman Bashir
- Department of Livestock Management, Agriculture University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Ali
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Jabeen
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Khursheed Javaid
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Romeeza Tahir
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Afia Abbas
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
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Li B, Yang J, He J, Peng X, Zeng Q, Song Y, Xu K, Ma H. Characterization of the whole transcriptome of spleens from Chinese indigenous breed Ningxiang pig reveals diverse coding and non-coding RNAs for immunity regulation. Genomics 2021; 113:2468-2482. [PMID: 34062231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal expression patterns of RNA and comparisons between different developmental stages have been one of the useful techniques for studying animal physiology and functional gene regulations. A Chinese indigenous breed Ningxiang pig is known for its quality meat production, disease resistance and slow growth performances in pig industry. To gain a better understanding of pig immunity and disease resistance, we comprehensively analyzed the whole transcriptome of the spleens from three important developmental nodes of Ningxiang pig at 30, 90 and 210 days of age. By three ways of comparisons (30vs 90 days, 30 vs 210 days and 90 vs 210 days), a total of 364to 865 differentially expressed mRNAs, 37 to 98 differentially expressed miRNAs,220 to 278 lncRNAs, and 96 to 113 circRNAs were identified. Further analysis of expression patterns, potential function and interactions with miRNAs identified the potential non-coding RNAs related to immunomodulation such as ssc-miRNA-150, ssc-miRNA-497, MSTRG24160, MSTRG18646. The results revealed that miRNAs and circRNAs may have evolved to regulate a large set of biological processes of spleen function in Ningxiang pigs, and circRNAs play a role of miRNA sponges. The results from study is the first report of whole transcriptome analysis of Ningxiang pig spleen and provide new insights into the expression changes of RNAs during the spleen development, which contribute to the phenotypic formation of immunity and disease resistancesin Chinese indigenous pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA(.)
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xing Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Ningxiang pig farm of Dalong Livestock Technology Co. Ltd., Ningxiang, Hunan 410600, China
| | - Yukun Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process of the State Key Laboratory of Agro ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kuo TT, Wang V, Wu JS, Chen YH, Tseng KY. Post-stroke Delivery of Valproic Acid Promotes Functional Recovery and Differentially Modifies Responses of Peri-Infarct Microglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:639145. [PMID: 34122007 PMCID: PMC8194695 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.639145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific role of peri-infarct microglia and the timing of its morphological changes following ischemic stroke are not well understood. Valproic acid (VPA) can protect against ischemic damage and promote recovery. In this study, we first determined whether a single dose of VPA after stroke could decrease infarction area or improve functional recovery. Next, we investigated the number and morphological characteristic of peri-infarct microglia at different time points and elucidated the mechanism of microglial response by VPA treatment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. Some received a single injection of VPA (200 mg/kg) 90 min after the induction of ischemia, while vehicle-treated animals underwent the same procedure with physiological saline. Infarction volume was calculated at 48 h after reperfusion, and neurological symptoms were evaluated. VPA didn’t significantly reduce infarct volume but did ameliorate neurological deficit at least partially compared with vehicle. Meanwhile, VPA reduced dMCAo-induced elevation of IL-6 at 24 h post-stroke and significantly decreased the number of CD11b-positive microglia within peri-infarct cortex at 7 days. Morphological analysis revealed that VPA therapy leads to higher fractal dimensions, smaller soma size and lower circularity index of CD11b-positive cells within peri-infarct cortex at both 2 and 7 days, suggesting that VPA has core effects on microglial morphology. The modulation of microglia morphology caused by VPA might involve HDAC inhibition-mediated suppression of galectin-3 production. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of CD11b-positive cells at 3 days post-stroke suggested that VPA could partially enhance M2 subset polarization of microglia in peri-infarct cortex. Analysis of VPA-induced changes to gene expressions at 3 days post-stroke implies that these alternations of the biomarkers and microglial responses are implicated in the upregulation of wound healing, collagen trimmer, and extracellular matrix genes within peri-infarct cortex. Our results are the first to show that a low dose of VPA promotes short-term functional recovery but does not alter infarct volume. The decreases in the expression of both IL-6 and galectin-3 might influence the morphological characteristics and transcriptional profiles of microglia and extracellular matrix remodeling, which could contribute to the improved recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Wu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tamargo JA, Hernandez-Boyer J, Teeman C, Martin HR, Huang Y, Johnson A, Campa A, Martinez SS, Li T, Rouster SD, Meeds HL, Sherman KE, Baum MK. Immune activation: A link between food insecurity and chronic disease in people living with HIV. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2043-2052. [PMID: 33993311 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection and thought to play a role on chronic diseases in people with HIV (PWH). Food insecurity is disproportionately prevalent in PWH and is associated with adverse health outcomes. We determined whether food insecurity was associated with increased plasma levels of sCD14, sCD27, and sCD163 in 323 antiretroviral -treated PWH from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) Cohort. Nearly half (42.7%) of participants were food insecure and 85.5% were virally suppressed (<200 copies/mL). Food insecurity was independently associated with higher levels of sCD14 and sCD27. Very low food security was associated with increased sCD163 levels among those with lower CD4+ cell counts. Food insecurity may promote immune activation in PWH, suggesting a biological link between food insecurity and chronic disease among PWH. Improving financial security and access to high-quality diets could reduce the burden of disease in this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Tamargo
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Colby Teeman
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Haley R Martin
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yongjun Huang
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angelique Johnson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina S Martinez
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan D Rouster
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heidi L Meeds
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Marianna K Baum
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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168
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Chen C, Peng H, Zeng Y, Dong G. CD14, CD163, and CCR1 are involved in heart and blood communication in ischemic cardiac diseases. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520951649. [PMID: 32967511 PMCID: PMC7521061 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520951649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiac diseases lead to heart failure (HF), but the progression can take several years. Using blood samples to monitor changes in the heart before clinical symptoms begin may help to improve patient management. Methods Microarray data GSE42955 and GSE9128 were used as study datasets and GSE16499, GSE57338, and GSE59867 were used as validation groups. The “limma” package from R Language was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Functional enrichment analyses of gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. We also investigated the correlation between the heart and blood using the mRNA expression level. Results Three hub genes, CD14, CD163, and CCR1, were identified. Functional enrichment analyses showed their involvement in the immune response and in the inflammatory response, which are the critical biochemical processes in ischemic HF. The mRNA expression level further demonstrated that a special model may exist to help to predict the mRNA level in the heart based on that in blood. Conclusions Our study identified three biomarkers that can connect the heart and blood in ischemic heart diseases, which may be a new approach to help better manage ischemic cardiac disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcong Chen
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang J, Wu H, Yao X, Zhang D, Zhou Y, Fu B, Wang W, Li H, Wang Z, Hu Z, Ren Y, Sun R, Tian Z, Bian X, Wei H. Pyroptotic macrophages stimulate the SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1305-1307. [PMID: 33742186 PMCID: PMC7976727 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - XiaoHong Yao
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan Hospital for Infectious Diseases), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziming Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Ren
- General Hospital of Central Theater Command, PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Haiming Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Increased Urinary CD163 Levels in Systemic Vasculitis with Renal Involvement. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6637235. [PMID: 33997033 PMCID: PMC8110397 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6637235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Systemic vasculitis includes a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the vessel wall, involving multiple systems, and can cause malignant hypertension. CD163 is a specific marker of anti-inflammatory macrophages. This study is aimed at evaluating the CD163 levels in relation to systemic vasculitis and renal involvements. Methods Urinary CD163 levels were retrospectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 51 patients with systemic vasculitis, 42 essential hypertensions, and 36 healthy volunteers. The associations between urinary CD163 levels and clinical indicators were analyzed. Results Urinary CD163 levels were significantly higher in patients with systemic vasculitis [68.20 (38.25~158.78) (pg/ml)] compared to essential hypertension [43.86 (23.30-60.71) (pg/ml)] (p = 0.003) and the healthy volunteers [30.76 (9.30-54.16) (pg/ml)] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, systemic vasculitis patients with renal involvement had significantly higher urinary CD163 levels relative to patients without renal involvement [86.95 (47.61 and 192.38) pg/ml] vs. [41.99 (17.70 and 71.95) pg/ml, p = 0.005]. After control factors age, sex, and BMI, urinary CD163 levels in systemic vasculitis patients were positively correlated with serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and β-2 microglobulin (r = 0.45, 0.48, and 0.46; p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). In addition, we found the level of urinary CD163 in granulomatous vasculitis (including TA, GPA, and EGPA) was significantly higher than that in necrotizing vasculitis (including PAN) [86.95 (41.99 and 184.82) pg/ml] vs. [45.73 (21.43 and 74.43) pg/ml, p = 0.016]. Conclusion Urinary CD163 levels were significantly higher in patients with systemic vasculitis, especially in patients with renal involvement. Thus, urinary CD163 has the potential to be a biomarker for systemic vasculitis with renal involvement.
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Calu V, Ionescu A, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Iordache F, Pisoschi AM, Serban AI, Bilteanu L. Key biomarkers within the colorectal cancer related inflammatory microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7940. [PMID: 33846436 PMCID: PMC8041790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches focused on the inflammatory microenvironment are currently gaining more support, as biomolecules involved in the inflammatory colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment are being explored. We analyzed tumor and paired normal tissue samples from CRC patients (n = 22) whom underwent tumor resection surgery. We assessed 39 inflammation-involved biomolecules (multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassay), CEA and CA19-9 (ELISA assay) and the tissue expression levels of occludin and also pErk, STAT1 and STAT3 transcriptional factors (western blot). Tumor staging has been established by histopathological evaluation of HE stained tumor tissue sections. We report 32 biomarkers displaying statistically significant differences in tumor vs. control. Additionally, positive statistical biomarker correlations were found between MMP2–IL8 and BAFF–IL8 (Pearson correlation coefficients > 0.751), while APRIL–MMP2, APRIL–BAFF and APRIL–IL8 were negatively correlated (correlation coefficients < − 0.650). While APRIL, BAFF, IL8 and MMP2 did not modulate with tumor stage, they were inversely related to the immune infiltrate level and CD163 tissue expression. We conclude that the significantly decreased APRIL and increased BAFF, IL8 and MMP2 expression were tumor-specific and deserve consideration in the development of new treatments. Also, the positive correlation between Chitinase 3-like 1 and IL8 (0.57) or MMP2 (0.50) suggest a role in tumor growth and metastasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Calu
- Department of General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 8 Blvd., Eroii Sanitari, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery, "Elias" Emergency University Hospital, 17 Marasti Blvd., 01146, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Ionescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.,Taxon Solutions SRL, 7 Semilunei Str, 020797, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
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172
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Guha R, Mathioudaki A, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Skinner J, Arora G, Siddiqui S, Li S, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Zaugg J, Traore B, Crompton PD. Plasmodium falciparum malaria drives epigenetic reprogramming of human monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009430. [PMID: 33822828 PMCID: PMC8023468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In malaria-naïve children and adults, Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs) trigger fever and other symptoms of systemic inflammation. However, in endemic areas where individuals experience repeated Pf infections over many years, the risk of Pf-iRBC-triggered inflammatory symptoms decreases with cumulative Pf exposure. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations remain unclear. Age-stratified analyses of uninfected, asymptomatic Malian individuals before the malaria season revealed that monocytes of adults produced lower levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF) in response to Pf-iRBC stimulation compared to monocytes of Malian children and malaria-naïve U.S. adults. Moreover, monocytes of Malian children produced lower levels of IL-1β and IL-6 following Pf-iRBC stimulation compared to 4-6-month-old infants. Accordingly, monocytes of Malian adults produced more IL-10 and expressed higher levels of the regulatory molecules CD163, CD206, Arginase-1 and TGM2. These observations were recapitulated in an in vitro system of monocyte to macrophage differentiation wherein macrophages re-exposed to Pf-iRBCs exhibited attenuated inflammatory cytokine responses and a corresponding decrease in the epigenetic marker of active gene transcription, H3K4me3, at inflammatory cytokine gene loci. Together these data indicate that Pf induces epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes/macrophages toward a regulatory phenotype that attenuates inflammatory responses during subsequent Pf exposure. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01322581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Guha
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RG); (PDC)
| | - Anna Mathioudaki
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shafiuddin Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shanping Li
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Judith Zaugg
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Peter D. Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RG); (PDC)
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173
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Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Diboun I, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Identification of macrophage activation-related biomarkers in obese type 2 diabetes that may be indicative of enhanced respiratory risk in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6428. [PMID: 33742062 PMCID: PMC7979696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the immune system through obesity and diabetes may enhance infection severity complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The objective was to determine the circulatory biomarkers for macrophage activation at baseline and after serum glucose normalization in obese type 2 diabetes (OT2D) subjects. A case-controlled interventional pilot study in OT2D (n = 23) and control subjects (n = 23). OT2D subjects underwent hyperinsulinemic clamp to normalize serum glucose. Plasma macrophage-related proteins were determined using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-scan plasma protein measurement at baseline (control and OT2D subjects) and after 1-h of insulin clamp (OT2D subjects only). Basal M1 macrophage activation was characterized by elevated levels of M1 macrophage-specific surface proteins, CD80 and CD38, and cytokines or chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, RANTES) released by activated M1 macrophages. Two potent M1 macrophage activation markers, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were decreased in OT2D. Activated M2 macrophages were characterized by elevated levels of plasma CD163, TFGβ-1, MMP7 and MMP9 in OT2D. Conventional mediators of both M1 and M2 macrophage activation markers (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13) were not altered. No changes were observed in plasma levels of M1/M2 macrophage activation markers in OT2D in response to acute normalization of glycemia. In the basal state, macrophage activation markers are elevated, and these reflect the expression of circulatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, that were not changed by glucose normalisation. These differences could potentially predispose diabetic individuals to increased infection severity complicated by ARDS.
Clinical trial reg. no: NCT03102801; registration date April 6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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174
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Mázló A, Kovács R, Miltner N, Tóth M, Veréb Z, Szabó K, Bacskai I, Pázmándi K, Apáti Á, Bíró T, Bene K, Rajnavölgyi É, Bácsi A. MSC-like cells increase ability of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to polarize IL-17-/IL-10-producing T cells via CTLA-4. iScience 2021; 24:102312. [PMID: 33855282 PMCID: PMC8027231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell-like (MSCl) cells generated from human embryonic stem cells are considered to be an eligible cell line to model the immunomodulatory behavior of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the maintenance and restoration of the sensitive balance between tolerance and immunity. Here, the effects of MSCl cells on the in vitro differentiation of human monocytes into DCs were investigated. MSCl cells promote the differentiation of CTLA-4 expressing DCs via the production of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) functioning as a ligand of RARα, a key nuclear receptor in DC development. These semi-matured DCs exhibit an ability to activate allogeneic, naive T cells and polarize them into IL-10 + IL-17 + double-positive T helper cells in a CTLA-4-dependent manner. Mapping the molecular mechanisms of MSC-mediated indirect modulation of DC differentiation may help to expand MSCs' clinical application in cell-free therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells alter moDC differentiation via RARα activation Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells express genes known to play role in ATRA synthesis MoDCs, differentiated in the presence of MSCl-derived factors, express CTLA-4 CTLA-4+ moDCs are able to induce polarization of IL-10- and IL-17-producing helper T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Noémi Miltner
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary.,Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabó
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bacskai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
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175
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Zhang C, Yang M, Ericsson AC. Function of Macrophages in Disease: Current Understanding on Molecular Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620510. [PMID: 33763066 PMCID: PMC7982479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are heterogeneous populations originating either from monocytes or embryonic progenitors, and distribute in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. TRMs play diverse roles in many physiological processes, including metabolic function, clearance of cellular debris, and tissue remodeling and defense. Macrophages can be polarized to different functional phenotypes depending on their origin and tissue microenvironment. Specific macrophage subpopulations are associated with disease progression. In studies of fate-mapping and single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies, several critical molecules have been identified to induce the change of macrophage function. These molecules are potential markers for diagnosis and selective targets for novel macrophage-mediated treatment. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings regarding less-known molecules and new functions of well-known molecules. Understanding the mechanisms of these molecules in macrophages has the potential to yield new macrophage-mediated treatments or diagnostic approaches to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
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176
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Ivan DC, Walthert S, Berve K, Steudler J, Locatelli G. Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609921. [PMID: 33746939 PMCID: PMC7973121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma is enclosed and protected by a multilayered system of cellular and acellular barriers, functionally separating glia and neurons from peripheral circulation and blood-borne immune cells. Populating these borders as dynamic observers, CNS-resident macrophages contribute to organ homeostasis. Upon autoimmune, traumatic or neurodegenerative inflammation, these phagocytes start playing additional roles as immune regulators contributing to disease evolution. At the same time, pathological CNS conditions drive the migration and recruitment of blood-borne monocyte-derived cells across distinct local gateways. This invasion process drastically increases border complexity and can lead to parenchymal infiltration of blood-borne phagocytes playing a direct role both in damage and in tissue repair. While recent studies and technical advancements have highlighted the extreme heterogeneity of these resident and CNS-invading cells, both the compartment-specific mechanism of invasion and the functional specification of intruding and resident cells remain unclear. This review illustrates the complexity of mononuclear phagocytes at CNS interfaces, indicating how further studies of CNS border dynamics are crucially needed to shed light on local and systemic regulation of CNS functions and dysfunctions.
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177
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Burnap SA, Mayr U, Shankar-Hari M, Cuello F, Thomas MR, Shah AM, Sabroe I, Storey RF, Mayr M. A Proteomics-Based Assessment of Inflammation Signatures in Endotoxemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100021. [PMID: 33288685 PMCID: PMC7950208 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that multimers of plasma pentraxin-3 (PTX3) were predictive of survival in patients with sepsis. To characterize the release kinetics and cellular source of plasma protein changes in sepsis, serial samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 10; three time points) injected with low-dose endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and analyzed using data-independent acquisition MS. The human plasma proteome response was compared with an LPS-induced endotoxemia model in mice. Proteomic analysis of human plasma revealed a rapid neutrophil degranulation signature, followed by a rise in acute phase proteins. Changes in circulating PTX3 correlated with increases in neutrophil-derived proteins following LPS injection. Time course analysis of the plasma proteome in mice showed a time-dependent increase in multimeric PTX3, alongside increases in neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) upon LPS treatment. The mechanisms of oxidation-induced multimerization of PTX3 were explored in two genetic mouse models: MPO global knock-out (KO) mice and LysM Cre Nox2 KO mice, in which NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is only deficient in myeloid cells. Nox2 is the enzyme responsible for the oxidative burst in neutrophils. Increases in plasma multimeric PTX3 were not significantly different between wildtype and MPO or LysM Cre Nox2 KO mice. Thus, PTX3 may already be stored and released in a multimeric form. Through in vivo neutrophil depletion and multiplexed vascular proteomics, PTX3 multimer deposition within the aorta was confirmed to be neutrophil dependent. Proteomic analysis of aortas from LPS-injected mice returned PTX3 as the most upregulated protein, where multimeric PTX3 was deposited as early as 2 h post-LPS along with other neutrophil-derived proteins. In conclusion, the rise in multimeric PTX3 upon LPS injection correlates with neutrophil-related protein changes in plasma and aortas. MPO and myeloid Nox2 are not required for the multimerization of PTX3; instead, neutrophil extravasation is responsible for the LPS-induced deposition of multimeric PTX3 in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F Storey
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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178
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Ferrisse TM, de Oliveira AB, Palaçon MP, Silva EV, Massucato EMS, de Almeida LY, Léon JE, Bufalino A. The role of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152072. [PMID: 33677150 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic cells with essential participation in immunological events of the oral cavity. However, the role of these cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the density of macrophages in OLP and OLL, and to compare it with that of oral inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (OIFH) (control group). 14 cases of OLP, 14 cases of OLL and 14 cases of OIFH were selected for immunohistochemical analysis of CD68+ (M1) and CD163+ (M2) macrophage expression. CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages densities were measured in the intraepithelial and subepithelial areas. The statistical tests used were multivariate analysis of variance, as well as a correlation and linear regression. OLP has more CD68+ macrophages when comparing with OLL (p = 0.001) and OIFH (p = 0.045). There is a very strong relationship between the macrophages types (p < 0.0001) in OLP and OLL. The linear regression showed that to OLL development (p < 0.0001/R2' = 0.9584), the presence of different types of macrophages are more essential than to OLP (p < 0.0001/R2' = 0.8983). However, in the OLP these dependencies are also largely. CD68+ macrophages may be associated with immunopathogenesis of OLP, indicating a pro-inflammatory activity and regulatory role in the type of T-cell response. Besides, CD68+ macrophages can cooperate in the diagnosis of OLP. These results are essential to future studies that seek a therapeutic target for OLP and OLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paravani Palaçon
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evânio Vilela Silva
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria Sgavioli Massucato
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical Scholl (FMRP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche Léon
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Bufalino
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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179
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Schvartsman G, Bell D, Rubin ML, Tetzlaff M, Hanna E, Lee JKJ, Weber R, Phan J, Glisson BS, Ferrarotto R. The tumor immune contexture of salivary duct carcinoma. Head Neck 2021; 43:1213-1219. [PMID: 33576119 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Recently, biomarker studies found promising targetable alterations. In this study, we provide a descriptive analysis of tumor and immune biomarkers and survival associations. METHODS We extracted clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for AR, AR-V7, HER-2, PD-L1, LAG-3, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS We included 17 patients. Age ranged from 42 to 85 years old; HER-2 was overexpressed or amplified in 65%. AR was positive in 88% of patients, while AR-V7 was positive in 13% by IHC. We found low scores of immune infiltration and a PD-L1 expression in 53%. We found no clinically significant association between biomarkers and survival outcomes. CONCLUSION In this small series of SDC, biomarkers do not seem to correlate with disease biology, although they provide additional treatment options. SDC may harbor a different immune profile compared to other subtypes, with an indication of T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Schvartsman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Laura Rubin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ehab Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiun-Kae Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Randal Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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180
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Zhao L, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhang L, Zhu H. The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Aging Dis 2021; 12:247-260. [PMID: 33532139 PMCID: PMC7801271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are chronic autoimmune disorders involving multiple organs, such as the muscle, skin, lungs and joints. Although the detailed pathogenesis of IIMs remains unclear, immune mechanisms have long been recognised as of key importance. Immune cells contribute to many inflammatory processes via intercellular interactions and secretion of inflammatory factors, and many studies have demonstrated the participation of a variety of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, in the development of IIMs. Here, we summarise the current knowledge regarding immune cells in IIM patients and discuss their potential roles in IIM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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181
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Ghazi Zahedi S, koohdani F, Qorbani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Aghasi M, Khoshamal H, Keshavarz A, Sotoudeh G. The effects of Elettaria cardamom supplementation on inflammatory markers and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mechanism -based randomized clinical trial. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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182
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Eylert G, Dolp R, Parousis A, Cheng R, Auger C, Holter M, Lang-Olip I, Reiner V, Kamolz LP, Jeschke MG. Skin regeneration is accelerated by a lower dose of multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-a paradigm change. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:82. [PMID: 33494813 PMCID: PMC7831169 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy is under investigation in promising (pre-)clinical trials for wound healing, which is crucial for survival; however, the optimal cell dosage remains unknown. The aim was to investigate the efficacy of different low-to-high MSC dosages incorporated in a biodegradable collagen-based dermal regeneration template (DRT) Integra®. Methods We conducted a porcine study (N = 8 Yorkshire pigs) and seeded between 200 and 2,000,000 cells/cm2 of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells on the DRT and grafted it onto full-thickness burn excised wounds. On day 28, comparisons were made between the different low-to-high cell dose groups, the acellular control, a burn wound, and healthy skin. Result We found that the low dose range between 200 and 40,000 cells/cm2 regenerates the full-thickness burn excised wounds most efficaciously, followed by the middle dose range of 200,000–400,000 cells/cm2 and a high dose of 2,000,000 cells/cm2. The low dose of 40,000 cells/cm2 accelerated reepithelialization, reduced scarring, regenerated epidermal thickness superiorly, enhanced neovascularization, reduced fibrosis, and reduced type 1 and type 2 macrophages compared to other cell dosages and the acellular control. Conclusion This regenerative cell therapy study using MSCs shows efficacy toward a low dose, which changes the paradigm that more cells lead to better wound healing outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02131-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Eylert
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic, Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reinhard Dolp
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Alexandra Parousis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard Cheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Magdalena Holter
- Institute of Biostatistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology, Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Viola Reiner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology, Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic, Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Coremed- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Immunology, Director Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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183
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Soluble Receptors Affecting Stroke Outcomes: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031108. [PMID: 33498620 PMCID: PMC7865279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble receptors are widely understood to be freestanding moieties formed via cleavage from their membrane-bound counterparts. They have unique structures, are found among various receptor families, and have intriguing mechanisms of generation and release. Soluble receptors’ ability to exhibit pleiotropic action by receptor modulation or by exhibiting a dual role in cytoprotection and neuroinflammation is concentration dependent and has continually mystified researchers. Here, we have compiled findings from preclinical and clinical studies to provide insights into the role of soluble/decoy receptors, focusing on the soluble cluster of differentiation 36, the soluble cluster of differentiation 163, and soluble lipoprotein-related protein 1 (sCD36, sCD163, and sLRP1, respectively) and the functions they could likely serve in the management of stroke, as they would notably regulate the bioavailability of the hemoglobin and heme after red blood cell lysis. The key roles that these soluble receptors play in inflammation, oxidative stress, and the related pharmacotherapeutic potential in improving stroke outcomes are described. The precise pleiotropic physiological functions of soluble receptors remain unclear, and further scientific investigation/validation is required to establish their respective role in diagnosis and therapy.
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184
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Kinoshita M, Oyanagi K, Kondo Y, Ishizawa K, Ishihara K, Yoshida M, Inoue T, Mitsuyama Y, Yoshida K, Yamada M, Sekijima Y, Ikeda SI. Pathologic basis of the preferential thinning of thecorpus callosum in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). eNeurologicalSci 2021; 22:100310. [PMID: 33553700 PMCID: PMC7844436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is an early onset dementia characterized by axonal loss in the cerebral white matter with swollen axons (spheroids). It had been reported that the preferential thinning and “focal lesions” of the corpus callosum were observed on T2-weighted MRI in ALSP patients. The present study aimed to reveal the pathologic basis of them in relation to brain lesion staging (I ~ IV: Oyanagi et al. 2017). Methods Seven autopsied brains of ALSP and five controls were neuropathologically examined. Results Even at Stage I, corpus callosum body showed evident atrophy, and the atrophy advanced with stage progression. Spheroid size and density were maximal at Stage II in both centrum semiovale and corpus callosum body, but spheroids were larger in corpus callosum body than in centrum semiovale. Microglia in the body at Stage II had a larger cytoplasm than those in centrum semiovale. But spheroids and microglia in the “focal lesions” were identical with those of centrum semiovale. Conclusion Preferential thinning of corpus callosum was considered to be formed in relation to peculiar morphological alteration of microglia there in ALSP. Instead, “focal lesions” were formed in connection with the lesions in centrum semiovale. Preferential thinning and “focal lesions” of corpus callosum in ALSP. Seven autopsied brains of ALSP and five controls were neuropathologically examined. Larger spheroids and more microglial alteration in corpus callosum than centrum semiovale. “Focal lesions” were formed in connection with the lesions in the centrum semiovale. Peculiar morphological change of microglia leads to the preferential thinning of corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Suwa Red Cross Hospital, 5-11-50 Kogandori, Suwa 392-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kondo
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital, 1-6-20 Yako, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0001, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Inoue
- Psychogeriatric Center, Daigo Hospital, 1270 Nagata, Mimata-chou, Kitamorokata-gun, Miyazaki 889-1911, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mitsuyama
- Psychogeriatric Center, Daigo Hospital, 1270 Nagata, Mimata-chou, Kitamorokata-gun, Miyazaki 889-1911, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshida
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamada
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ikeda
- Intractable Disease Care Center, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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185
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Zuo Y, Ye L, Liu M, Li S, Liu W, Chen F, Lu X, Gordon P, Wang G, Shu X. Clinical significance of radiological patterns of HRCT and their association with macrophage activation in dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2829-2837. [PMID: 32065646 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the distribution of radiological characteristics stratified by different myositis-specific autoantibodies, identify prognostic value of high-resolution CT (HRCT) patterns in DM-associated interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD), and explore the possible mechanism associated with macrophage activation. METHODS We enrolled 165 patients with PM/DM-ILD. The distribution of HRCT radiological types with different myositis-specific autoantibodies and the relationship between radiological features and ILD course and prognosis were analysed. Additionally, the potential role of macrophage activation in rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD) with DM was studied. RESULTS The organizing pneumonia pattern was dominant in HRCT findings of patients with DM-ILD, especially those with anti-SAE (6/6, 100%) and anti-MDA5 (46/62, 74.2%) antibodies. The ratios of organizing pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia patterns were almost equal in patients with aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibodies, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern was associated with a mild clinical course. Lower lung zone consolidation in HRCT was related to RP-ILD in both anti-MDA5 and anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibody-positive groups. Ferritin levels of >1000 ng/ml (odds ratio (OR), 12.3; P=0.009), elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (OR, 5.8; P=0.046) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (OR, 7.8; P=0.018) were independent predictors of a lower lung zone consolidation pattern in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM. The infiltration of CD163-positive macrophages into alveolar spaces was significantly higher in the DM-RP-ILD group than in the chronic DM-ILD group. CONCLUSION HRCT patterns are different among variable myositis-specific autoantibodies positive patients with ILD and lower zone consolidation in HRCT correlated with RP-ILD in DM. Activated macrophages may contribute to the pathogenesis of RP-ILD in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital.,Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Patrick Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Guochun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital.,Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Xiaoming Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
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186
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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187
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Xu D, Qian J, Guan X, Ren L, Yang K, Huang X, Zhang S, Chai Y, Wu X, Wu H, Zhang X, Yang K, Yu B. Copper-Containing Alloy as Immunoregulatory Material in Bone Regeneration via Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:620629. [PMID: 33569374 PMCID: PMC7869892 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.620629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian skeletal system, osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely linked by type H vessels during bone regeneration and repair. Our previous studies confirmed the promotion of these processes by copper-containing metal (CCM) in vitro and in vivo. However, whether and how the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis participates in the promotion of bone regeneration by CCM in vivo is unknown. In this study, M2a macrophages but not M2c macrophages were shown to be immunoregulated by CCM. A CCM, 316L−5Cu, was applied to drilling hole injuries of the tibia of C57/6 mice for comparison. We observed advanced formation of cortical bone and type H vessels beneath the new bone in the 316L−5Cu group 14 and 21 days postinjury. Moreover, the recruitment of CD206-positive M2a macrophages, which are regarded as the primary source of platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB), was significantly promoted at the injury site at days 14 and 21. Under the stimulation of CCM, mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species were also found to be upregulated in CD206hi M2a macrophages in vitro, and this upregulation was correlated with the expression of PDGF-BB. In conclusion, our results indicate that CCM promotes the evolution of callus through the generation of type H vessels during the process of bone repair by upregulating the expression of PDGF-BB derived from M2a macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorong Xu
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jikun Qian
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaifan Yang
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangtian Wu
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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188
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Takenouchi T, Morozumi T, Wada E, Suzuki S, Nishiyama Y, Sukegawa S, Uenishi H. Dexamethasone enhances CD163 expression in porcine IPKM immortalized macrophages. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:10-16. [PMID: 33447967 PMCID: PMC7862206 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we established a unique porcine macrophage cell line, immortalized porcine kidney-derived macrophages (IPKM). The purpose of the present study was to further elucidate the characteristics of IPKM. CD163 is a scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex and is used as a phenotypic marker of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. The expression of CD163 is enhanced by dexamethasone (DEX), a potent steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in human and rodent macrophages in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DEX on CD163 expression in porcine IPKM. Treatment with DEX markedly enhanced CD163 expression in the IPKM. In addition, we found that SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), blocked the effects of DEX, suggesting that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of the DEX-induced enhancement of CD163 expression. Since CD163 is considered to be a putative receptor for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the effects of DEX on the infection of IPKM by PRRSV were evaluated. Although the IPKM were susceptible to infection by the Fostera PRRSV vaccine strain, DEX treatment did not affect the propagation of the virus in the IPKM. This suggests that the DEX-induced enhancement of CD163 expression alone is not sufficient to facilitate the infection of IPKM by PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Takenouchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Takeya Morozumi
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Emi Wada
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Shunichi Suzuki
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nishiyama
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Shin Sukegawa
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
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189
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Wang B, Huang Y. Antitumor effects of targeted killing of tumor-associated macrophages under photothermal conditions. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:299-307. [PMID: 33439377 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of tumors has become a research hotspot. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant interstitial cells in a tumor's microenvironment. As the concentration of the prepared nanoparticles increased, so their cytotoxicity of intensified. Under photothermal conditions, mAb-CD163/Au inhibited tumor invasion by killing M2 macrophages in vitro. After exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser, mAb-CD163/Au inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The gold nanoparticles were modified to target M2 macrophages. Under NIR laser irradiation, mAb-CD163/Au achieved antitumor effects by killing M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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190
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Nie X, Qian L, Sun R, Huang B, Dong X, Xiao Q, Zhang Q, Lu T, Yue L, Chen S, Li X, Sun Y, Li L, Xu L, Li Y, Yang M, Xue Z, Liang S, Ding X, Yuan C, Peng L, Liu W, Yi X, Lyu M, Xiao G, Xu X, Ge W, He J, Fan J, Wu J, Luo M, Chang X, Pan H, Cai X, Zhou J, Yu J, Gao H, Xie M, Wang S, Ruan G, Chen H, Su H, Mei H, Luo D, Zhao D, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu Y, Xia J, Hu Y, Guo T. Multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies. Cell 2021; 184:775-791.e14. [PMID: 33503446 PMCID: PMC7794601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathology of multi-organ injuries in COVID-19 patients remains unclear, preventing effective therapeutics development. Here, we report a proteomic analysis of 144 autopsy samples from seven organs in 19 COVID-19 patients. We quantified 11,394 proteins in these samples, in which 5,336 were perturbed in the COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Our data showed that cathepsin L1, rather than ACE2, was significantly upregulated in the lung from the COVID-19 patients. Systemic hyperinflammation and dysregulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism were detected in multiple organs. We also observed dysregulation of key factors involved in hypoxia, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, and fibrosis in multiple organs from the COVID-19 patients. Evidence for testicular injuries includes reduced Leydig cells, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis, and sperm mobility. In summary, this study depicts a multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies that furthers our understanding of the biological basis of COVID-19 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liujia Qian
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaochuan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaoting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Luang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhangzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mengge Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guixiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiale He
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huaxiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Danju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dashi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Gantzel RH, Kjær MB, Laursen TL, Kazankov K, George J, Møller HJ, Grønbæk H. Macrophage Activation Markers, Soluble CD163 and Mannose Receptor, in Liver Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:615599. [PMID: 33490096 PMCID: PMC7820116 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.615599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the human host immune system, which upon activation facilitates a broad pallet of immunomodulatory events including release of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, restoration of immune homeostasis and/or wound healing. Moreover, some macrophage phenotypes are crucially involved in fibrogenesis through stimulation of myofibroblasts, while others promote fibrolysis. During the last decades, the role of resident liver macrophages viz. Kupffer cells and recruited monocytes/macrophages in acute and chronic liver diseases has gained interest and been extensively investigated. Specifically, the scavenger receptors CD163 and mannose receptor (CD206), expressed by macrophages, are of utmost interest since activation by various stimuli induce their shedding to the circulation. Thus, quantifying concentrations of these soluble biomarkers may be of promising clinical relevance in estimating the severity of inflammation and fibrosis and to predict outcomes such as survival. Here, we review the existing literature on soluble CD163 and soluble mannose receptor in liver diseases with a particular focus on their relationship to hepatic fibrosis in metabolic associated fatty liver disease, as well as in chronic hepatitis B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikkel Breinholt Kjær
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tea Lund Laursen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Kazankov
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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192
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Nissen SK, Ferreira SA, Nielsen MC, Schulte C, Shrivastava K, Hennig D, Etzerodt A, Graversen JH, Berg D, Maetzler W, Panhelainen A, Møller HJ, Brockmann K, Romero-Ramos M. Soluble CD163 Changes Indicate Monocyte Association With Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:963-976. [PMID: 33332647 PMCID: PMC8247308 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a significant immune component, as demonstrated by changes in immune biomarkers in patients' biofluids. However, which specific cells are responsible for those changes is unclear because most immune biomarkers can be produced by various cell types. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore monocyte involvement in PD. METHODS We investigated the monocyte-specific biomarker sCD163, the soluble form of the receptor CD163, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in two experiments, and compared it with other biomarkers and clinical data. Potential connections between CD163 and alpha-synuclein were studied in vitro. RESULTS CSF-sCD163 increased in late-stage PD and correlated with the PD biomarkers alpha-synuclein, Tau, and phosphorylated Tau, whereas it inversely correlated with the patients' cognitive scores, supporting monocyte involvement in neurodegeneration and cognition in PD. Serum-sCD163 increased only in female patients, suggesting a sex-distinctive monocyte response. CSF-sCD163 also correlated with molecules associated with adaptive and innate immune system activation and with immune cell recruitment to the brain. Serum-sCD163 correlated with proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, suggesting a relation to chronic systemic inflammation. Our in vitro study showed that alpha-synuclein activates macrophages and induces shedding of sCD163, which in turn enhances alpha-synuclein uptake by myeloid cells, potentially participating in its clearance. CONCLUSIONS Our data present sCD163 as a potential cognition-related biomarker in PD and suggest a role for monocytes in both peripheral and brain immune responses. This may be directly related to alpha-synuclein's proinflammatory capacity but could also have consequences for alpha-synuclein processing. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Dorle Hennig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- DANDRITE and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Panhelainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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193
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Nie Y, Deng X, Lan Y, Li L, Li F, Hu F. Comparison and Correlation of Genetic Variability of the HBV Pre-S Region in HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients: Quasispecies Perspective. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4327-4334. [PMID: 33293836 PMCID: PMC7719043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s278415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection can accelerate HBV-induced liver disease. A previous study showed that variation in the HBV pre-S region and quasispecies heterogeneity (Sn, mean genetic distance, dS, dN, and dS/dN) are both related to HBV-induced terminal liver disease in HBV mono-infection. Currently, data are lacking on quasispecies variation of the HBV pre-S region in HIV/HBV co-infection. Investigating the quasispecies variation of the HBV pre-S region and its related factors in HIV/HBV co-infection will help to better explore the pathogenic mechanism of HIV/HBV co-infection. Methods According to the HIV antibody results obtained before treatment, chronic HBV-infected patients were divided into HIV/HBV co-infected and HBV mono-infected groups. The clinical characteristics of all patients were collected, and DNA was extracted from the serum. The HBV pre-S region was amplified by nested PCR and was further TA cloned. BioEdit software 7.0 was used for sequence alignment with reference to the standard sequence of the matched HBV genotype. We used 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to control for baseline confounding factors between the two groups. Results After 1:1 PSM, we identified 100 patients with similar propensities: 50 HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 50 HBV mono-infected patients. HBV quasispecies indices were lower in the HIV/HBV co-infected group than those in the HBV mono-infected group. A significant correlation was observed between all quasispecies indices and soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the HIV/HBV co-infected group; however, this phenomenon was not found in the HBV mono-infected group. Conclusion Combined HIV infection reduces quasispecies heterogeneity in the HBV pre-S region, and the quasispecies heterogeneity is related to the sCD163 and IL-18 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nie
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Deng
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lan
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghua Li
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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194
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Aendekerk JP, Timmermans SAMEG, Busch MH, Potjewijd J, Heeringa P, Damoiseaux JGMC, Reutelingsperger CP, van Paassen P. Urinary Soluble CD163 and Disease Activity in Biopsy-Proven ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1740-1748. [PMID: 33203735 PMCID: PMC7769013 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07210520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ANCA-associated GN is a common cause of rapidly progressive GN, with high relapse rates. The early recognition of an ANCA-associated GN relapse is of importance to prevent loss of kidney function. Urinary soluble CD163 has been identified as a promising marker of active ANCA-associated GN. Previous studies, however, are limited by the lack of histologic data. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We analyzed urinary soluble CD163 in 95 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis who underwent a kidney biopsy. In total, 125 kidney tissue sections (first kidney biopsy, n=67; repeated biopsy, n=58) with concurrent 24-hour urine samples were studied. Correlation analyses comparing urinary soluble CD163 levels and morphologic features of ANCA-associated GN were performed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers to detect relapsing ANCA-associated GN was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. RESULTS High levels of urinary soluble CD163 were found in 96 (87%) of 110 biopsies with active ANCA-associated GN compared with one (7%) of 15 biopsies without active ANCA-associated GN and one (6%) of 17 healthy controls. Urinary soluble CD163 correlated with fibrinoid necrosis (Rho=0.48, P<0.001) and cellular crescents (Rho=0.70, P<0.001) on kidney biopsy. In repeated biopsies, urinary soluble CD163's sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.91 for the recognition of relapsing ANCA-associated GN appeared better than routine clinical measures. The presence of CD163+ cells in affected glomeruli confirmed urinary soluble CD163's origin. CONCLUSIONS Urinary soluble CD163 is associated with active ANCA-associated GN and correlates with histologic features as seen in ANCA-associated GN. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_11_17_CJN07210520_final.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop P Aendekerk
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A M E G Timmermans
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias H Busch
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M C Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Paassen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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195
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Heninger E, Sethakorn N, Kosoff D, Hematti P, Kuczler MD, Pienta KJ, Lang JM. Immune profiling of the bone marrow microenvironment in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4253-4265. [PMID: 33245727 PMCID: PMC7679037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a primary metastatic site in prostate cancer (PC) and bone invasion is considered incurable. T cell-mediated immune surveillance is essential in controlling both tumorigenesis and initiation of metastases. Beside tropism, dissemination of PC cells to the BM may be facilitated by defects in BM immune homeostasis predisposing this niche to colonization. To evaluate the BM immune microenvironment in locally advanced, non-metastatic PC, we performed flow cytometry analysis of myeloid and lymphoid subsets in BM aspirates and peripheral blood collected during prostatectomy. Healthy BM aspirates served to establish a reference range for comparison. We found alterations in BM immune composition of PC patients, including an increased CD4/CD8 ratio, enrichment of CD4+ T cells, increased CD56+CD3+ NKT and CD56+CD3- NK yields compared to healthy controls. The lymphoid phenotype remained comparable regarding T cell activation and chemokine receptor-based polarization patterns. Additionally, we found increased B7H3 expression in the myeloid monocyte/macrophage subset and decreased DC infiltration in BM of PC patients. These findings suggest that alterations in the immune milieu may limit immune surveillance that compromise the ability of the BM microenvironment to prevent tumor dissemination, and predispose development of bone metastases in a subset of patients with localized PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nan Sethakorn
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Morgan D Kuczler
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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196
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Ceci C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Increase the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glimpse into Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113401. [PMID: 33212945 PMCID: PMC7698460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a promising therapeutic intervention for a variety of advanced/metastatic solid tumors, including melanoma, but in a large number of cases, patients fail to establish a sustained anti-tumor immunity and to achieve a long-lasting clinical benefit. Cells of the tumor micro-environment such as tumor-associated M2 macrophages (M2-TAMs) have been reported to limit the efficacy of immunotherapy, promoting tumor immune evasion and progression. Thus, strategies targeting M2-TAMs have been suggested to synergize with immune checkpoint blockade. This review recapitulates the molecular mechanisms by which M2-TAMs promote cancer immune evasion, with focus on the potential cross-talk between pharmacological interventions targeting M2-TAMs and ICIs for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6338
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Guha R, Mathioudaki A, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Skinner J, Arora G, Siddiqui S, Li S, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Zaugg J, Traore B, Crompton PD. Plasmodium falciparum malaria drives epigenetic reprogramming of human monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33106806 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.21.346197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In malaria-naïve children and adults, Plasmodium falciparum -infected red blood cells ( Pf -iRBCs) trigger fever and other symptoms of systemic inflammation. However, in endemic areas where individuals experience repeated Pf infections over many years, the risk of Pf -iRBC-triggered inflammatory symptoms decreases with cumulative Pf exposure. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations remain unclear. Age-stratified analyses of monocytes collected from uninfected, asymptomatic Malian individuals before the malaria season revealed an inverse relationship between age and Pf -iRBC-inducible inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF) production, whereas Malian infants and malaria-naïve U.S. adults produced similarly high levels of inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, monocytes of Malian adults produced more IL-10 and expressed higher levels of the regulatory molecules CD163, CD206, Arginase-1 and TGM2. These observations were recapitulated in an in vitro system of monocyte to macrophage differentiation wherein macrophages re-exposed to Pf -iRBCs exhibited attenuated inflammatory cytokine responses and a corresponding decrease in the epigenetic marker of active gene transcription, H3K4me3, at inflammatory cytokine gene loci. Together these data indicate that Pf induces epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes/macrophages toward a regulatory phenotype that attenuates inflammatory responses during subsequent Pf exposure. These findings also suggest that past malaria exposure could mitigate monocyte-associated immunopathology induced by other pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Author Summary The malaria parasite is mosquito-transmitted and causes fever and other inflammatory symptoms while circulating in the bloodstream. However, in regions of high malaria transmission the parasite is less likely to cause fever as children age and enter adulthood, even though adults commonly have malaria parasites in their blood. Monocytes are cells of the innate immune system that secrete molecules that cause fever and inflammation when encountering microorganisms like malaria. Although inflammation is critical to initiating normal immune responses, too much inflammation can harm infected individuals. In Mali, we conducted a study of a malaria-exposed population from infants to adults and found that participants' monocytes produced less inflammation as age increases, whereas monocytes of Malian infants and U.S. adults, who had never been exposed to malaria, both produced high levels of inflammatory molecules. Accordingly, monocytes exposed to malaria in the laboratory became less inflammatory when re-exposed to malaria again later, and these monocytes 'turned down' their inflammatory genes. This study helps us understand how people become immune to inflammatory symptoms of malaria and may also help explain why people in malaria-endemic areas appear to be less susceptible to the harmful effects of inflammation caused by other pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
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198
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Etzerodt A, Moulin M, Doktor TK, Delfini M, Mossadegh-Keller N, Bajenoff M, Sieweke MH, Moestrup SK, Auphan-Anezin N, Lawrence T. Tissue-resident macrophages in omentum promote metastatic spread of ovarian cancer. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133611. [PMID: 31951251 PMCID: PMC7144521 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in cancer progression. Here, we have characterized the ontogeny and function of TAM subsets in a mouse model of metastatic ovarian cancer that is representative for visceral peritoneal metastasis. We show that the omentum is a critical premetastatic niche for development of invasive disease in this model and define a unique subset of CD163+ Tim4+ resident omental macrophages responsible for metastatic spread of ovarian cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that resident CD163+ Tim4+ omental macrophages were phenotypically distinct and maintained their resident identity during tumor growth. Selective depletion of CD163+ Tim4+ macrophages in omentum using genetic and pharmacological tools prevented tumor progression and metastatic spread of disease. These studies describe a specific role for tissue-resident macrophages in the invasive progression of metastatic ovarian cancer. The molecular pathways of cross-talk between tissue-resident macrophages and disseminated cancer cells may represent new targets to prevent metastasis and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morgane Moulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Koed Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc Bajenoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Toby Lawrence
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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199
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Ramme AJ, Darcy R, Rourke BJ, Davis C, Markworth JF, Junginger L, Maerz T, Brooks SV, Bedi A. Local and Systemic Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in an Animal Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:3245-3254. [PMID: 33136456 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520962058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) has been increasingly applied to improve athletic performance and injury recovery. Validation of BFRT has lagged behind commercialization, and currently the mechanism by which this therapy acts is unknown. BFRT is one type of ischemic therapy, which involves exercising with blood flow restriction. Repetitive restriction of muscle blood flow (RRMBF) is another ischemic therapy type, which does not include exercise. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose was to develop a rat model of ischemic therapy, characterize changes to muscle contractility, and evaluate local and systemic biochemical and histologic responses of 2 ischemic therapy types. We hypothesized that ischemic therapy would improve muscle mass and strength as compared with the control group. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Four groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were established: control, stimulation, RRMBF, and BFRT. One hindlimb of each subject underwent 8 treatment sessions over 4 weeks. To simulate exercise, the stimulation group underwent peroneal nerve stimulation for 2 minutes. The RRMBF group used a pneumatic cuff inflated to 100 mm Hg with a 48-minute protocol. The BFRT group involved 100-mm Hg pneumatic cuff inflation and peroneal nerve stimulation for a 5-minute protocol. Four methods of evaluation were performed: in vivo contractility testing, histology, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test and linear mixed effects modeling were used to compare the treatment groups. RESULTS There was no difference in muscle mass among groups (P = .40) or between hindlimbs (P = .73). In vivo contractility testing showed no difference in maximum contractile force among groups (P = .64) or between hindlimbs (P = .30). On histology, myocyte cross-sectional area was not different among groups (P = .55) or between hindlimbs (P = .44). Pax7 immunohistochemistry demonstrated no difference in muscle satellite cell density among groups (P = .06) or between hindlimbs (P = .046). ELISA demonstrated the RRMBF group as eliciting elevated GH levels as compared with the other groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION Ischemic therapy did not induce gains in muscle mass, contractility strength, fiber cross-sectional area, or satellite cell density locally or systemically in this model, although the RRMBF group did have elevated GH levels on ELISA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This animal model does not support ischemic therapy as a method to improve muscle mass, function, or satellite cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Ramme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Steindler Orthopedic Clinic, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rose Darcy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brennan J Rourke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James F Markworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lucas Junginger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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200
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Orwoll ES, Wiedrick J, Nielson CM, Jacobs J, Baker ES, Piehowski P, Petyuk V, Gao Y, Shi T, Smith RD, Bauer DC, Cummings SR, Lapidus J. Proteomic assessment of serum biomarkers of longevity in older men. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13253. [PMID: 33078901 PMCID: PMC7681066 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological bases of longevity are not well understood, and there are limited biomarkers for the prediction of long life. We used a high-throughput, discovery-based proteomics approach to identify serum peptides and proteins that were associated with the attainment of longevity in a longitudinal study of community-dwelling men age ≥65 years. Baseline serum in 1196 men were analyzed using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry, and lifespan was determined during ~12 years of follow-up. Men who achieved longevity (≥90% expected survival) were compared to those who died earlier. Rigorous statistical methods that controlled for false positivity were utilized to identify 25 proteins that were associated with longevity. All these proteins were in lower abundance in long-lived men and included a variety involved in inflammation or complement activation. Lower levels of longevity-associated proteins were also associated with better health status, but as time to death shortened, levels of these proteins increased. Pathway analyses implicated a number of compounds as important upstream regulators of the proteins and implicated shared networks that underlie the observed associations with longevity. Overall, these results suggest that complex pathways, prominently including inflammation, are linked to the likelihood of attaining longevity. This work may serve to identify novel biomarkers for longevity and to understand the biology underlying lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jon Jacobs
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Paul Piehowski
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Vladislav Petyuk
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Douglas C. Bauer
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco CA USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
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