151
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Huddleston ME, Xiao N, Both AP, Gordon DM. Single amino acid mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rhomboid peptidase, Pcp1p, alter mitochondrial morphology. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:200-215. [PMID: 31441130 PMCID: PMC6972574 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Key to mitochondrial activities is the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology, specifically cristae structures formed by the invagination of the inner membrane that are enriched in proteins of the electron transport chain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , these cristae folds are a result of the membrane fusion activities of Mgm1p and the membrane-bending properties of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase oligomerization. An additional protein linked to mitochondrial morphology is Pcp1p, a serine protease responsible for the proteolytic processing of Mgm1p. Here, we have used hydroxylamine-based random mutagenesis to identify amino acids important for Pcp1p peptidase activity. Using this approach we have isolated five single amino acid mutants that exhibit respiratory growth defects that correlate with loss of mitochondrial genome stability. Reduced Pcp1p protease activity was confirmed by immunoblotting with the accumulation of improperly processed Mgm1p. Ultra-structural analysis of mitochondrial morphology in these mutants found a varying degree of defects in cristae organization. However, not all of the mutants presented with decreased ATP synthase complex assembly as determined by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Together, these data suggest that there is a threshold level of processed Mgm1p required to maintain ATP synthase super-complex assembly and mitochondrial cristae organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningyu Xiao
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
| | - Andries Pieter Both
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
| | - Donna M. Gordon
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
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152
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Honkoop H, de Bakker DE, Aharonov A, Kruse F, Shakked A, Nguyen PD, de Heus C, Garric L, Muraro MJ, Shoffner A, Tessadori F, Peterson JC, Noort W, Bertozzi A, Weidinger G, Posthuma G, Grün D, van der Laarse WJ, Klumperman J, Jaspers RT, Poss KD, van Oudenaarden A, Tzahor E, Bakkers J. Single-cell analysis uncovers that metabolic reprogramming by ErbB2 signaling is essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the regenerating heart. eLife 2019; 8:50163. [PMID: 31868166 PMCID: PMC7000220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the heart regenerates poorly in mammals, efficient heart regeneration occurs in zebrafish. Studies in zebrafish have resulted in a model in which preexisting cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate and reinitiate proliferation to replace the lost myocardium. To identify which processes occur in proliferating cardiomyocytes we have used a single-cell RNA-sequencing approach. We uncovered that proliferating border zone cardiomyocytes have very distinct transcriptomes compared to the nonproliferating remote cardiomyocytes and that they resemble embryonic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, these cells have reduced expression of mitochondrial genes and reduced mitochondrial activity, while glycolysis gene expression and glucose uptake are increased, indicative for metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we find that the metabolic reprogramming of border zone cardiomyocytes is induced by Nrg1/ErbB2 signaling and is important for their proliferation. This mechanism is conserved in murine hearts in which cardiomyocyte proliferation is induced by activating ErbB2 signaling. Together these results demonstrate that glycolysis regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart regeneration. Heart attacks are a common cause of death in the Western world. During a heart attack, oxygen levels in the affected part of the heart decrease, which causes heart muscle cells to die. In humans the dead cells are replaced by a permanent scar that stabilizes the injury but does not completely heal it. As a result, individuals have a lower quality of life after a heart attack and are more likely to die from a subsequent attack. Unlike humans, zebrafish are able to regenerate their hearts after injury: heart muscle cells close to a wound divide to produce new cells that slowly replace the scar tissue and restore normal function to the area. It remains unclear, however, what stimulates the heart muscle cells of zebrafish to start dividing. To address this question, Honkoop, de Bakker et al. used a technique called single-cell sequencing to study heart muscle cells in wounded zebrafish hearts. The experiments identified a group of heart muscle cells close to the site of the wound that multiplied to repair the damage. This group of cells had altered their metabolism compared to other heart muscle cells so that they relied on a pathway called glycolysis to produce the energy and building blocks they needed to proliferate. Blocking glycolysis impaired the ability of the heart muscle cells to divide, indicating that this switch is necessary for the heart to regenerate. Further experiments showed that a signaling cascade, which includes the molecules Nrg1 and ErbB2, induces heart muscle cells in both zebrafish and mouse hearts to switch to glycolysis and undergo division. These findings indicate that activating glycolysis in heart muscle cells may help to stimulate the heart to regenerate after a heart attack or other injury. The next step following on from this work is to develop methods to activate glycolysis and promote cell division in injured hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessel Honkoop
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Em de Bakker
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alla Aharonov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fabian Kruse
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Avraham Shakked
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Phong D Nguyen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurence Garric
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mauro J Muraro
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam Shoffner
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Craiger Peterson
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Noort
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Bertozzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - George Posthuma
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Willem J van der Laarse
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | | | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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153
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Alcántar-Fernández J, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Pérez Andrade ME, Hernández-Vázquez ADJ, Velázquez-Arellano A, Miranda-Ríos J. High-glucose diets induce mitochondrial dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226652. [PMID: 31846489 PMCID: PMC6917275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an important nutrient that dictates the development, fertility and lifespan of all organisms. In humans, a deficit in its homeostatic control might lead to hyperglucemia and the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which show a decreased ability to respond to and metabolize glucose. Previously, we have reported that high-glucose diets (HGD) induce alterations in triglyceride content, body size, progeny, and the mRNA accumulation of key regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (PLoS ONE 13(7): e0199888). Herein, we show that increasing amounts of glucose in the diet induce the swelling of both mitochondria in germ and muscle cells. Additionally, HGD alter the enzymatic activities of the different respiratory complexes in an intricate pattern. Finally, we observed a downregulation of ceramide synthases (hyl-1 and hyl-2) and antioxidant genes (gcs-1 and gst-4), while mitophagy genes (pink-1 and dct-1) were upregulated, probably as part of a mitohormetic mechanism in response to glucose toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alcántar-Fernández
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angélica González-Maciel
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Tisular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Tisular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Elva Pérez Andrade
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alain de J. Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonio Velázquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Miranda-Ríos
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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154
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Algieri C, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Bernardini C, Fabbri M, Forni M, Nesci S. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ -activated F 1 F O -ATPase hydrolyzes ATP and promotes the permeability transition pore. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:142-157. [PMID: 31441951 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The properties of the mitochondrial F1 FO -ATPase catalytic site, which can bind Mg2+ , Mn2+ , or Ca2+ and hydrolyze ATP, were explored by inhibition kinetic analyses to cast light on the Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase connection with the permeability transition pore (PTP) that initiates cascade events leading to cell death. While the natural cofactor Mg2+ activates the F1 FO -ATPase in competition with Mn2+ , Ca2+ is a noncompetitive inhibitor in the presence of Mg2+ . Selective F1 inhibitors (Is-F1 ), namely NBD-Cl, piceatannol, resveratrol, and quercetin, exerted different mechanisms (mixed and uncompetitive inhibition) on either Ca2+ - or Mg2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase, consistent with the conclusion that the catalytic mechanism changes when Mg2+ is replaced by Ca2+ . In a partially purified F1 domain preparation, Ca2+ -activated F1 -ATPase maintained Is-F1 sensitivity, and enzyme inhibition was accompanied by the maintenance of the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity and membrane potential. The data strengthen the structural relationship between Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase and the PTP, and, in turn, on consequences, such as physiopathological cellular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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155
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Salewskij K, Rieger B, Hager F, Arroum T, Duwe P, Villalta J, Colgiati S, Richter CP, Psathaki OE, Enriquez JA, Dellmann T, Busch KB. The spatio-temporal organization of mitochondrial F 1F O ATP synthase in cristae depends on its activity mode. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148091. [PMID: 31669489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase, also known as complex V, is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy metabolism that can synthesize and hydrolyze ATP. It is not known whether the ATP synthase and ATPase function are correlated with a different spatio-temporal organisation of the enzyme. In order to analyze this, we tracked and localized single ATP synthase molecules in situ using live cell microscopy. Under normal conditions, complex V was mainly restricted to cristae indicated by orthogonal trajectories along the cristae membranes. In addition confined trajectories that are quasi immobile exist. By inhibiting glycolysis with 2-DG, the activity and mobility of complex V was altered. The distinct cristae-related orthogonal trajectories of complex V were obliterated. Moreover, a mobile subpopulation of complex V was found in the inner boundary membrane. The observed changes in the ratio of dimeric/monomeric complex V, respectively less mobile/more mobile complex V and its activity changes were reversible. In IF1-KO cells, in which ATP hydrolysis is not inhibited by IF1, complex V was more mobile, while inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by BMS-199264 reduced the mobility of complex V. Taken together, these data support the existence of different subpopulations of complex V, ATP synthase and ATP hydrolase, the latter with higher mobility and probably not prevailing at the cristae edges. Obviously, complex V reacts quickly and reversibly to metabolic conditions, not only by functional, but also by spatial and structural reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Salewskij
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Frances Hager
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Patrick Duwe
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jimmy Villalta
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sara Colgiati
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Catania, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Christian P Richter
- University of Osnabrück, School of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Olympia E Psathaki
- University of Osnabrück, School of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - José A Enriquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Catania, Spain
| | - Timo Dellmann
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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156
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Mühleip A, McComas SE, Amunts A. Structure of a mitochondrial ATP synthase with bound native cardiolipin. eLife 2019; 8:51179. [PMID: 31738165 PMCID: PMC6930080 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase fuels eukaryotic cells with chemical energy. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of a divergent ATP synthase dimer from mitochondria of Euglena gracilis, a member of the phylum Euglenozoa that also includes human parasites. It features 29 different subunits, 8 of which are newly identified. The membrane region was determined to 2.8 Å resolution, enabling the identification of 37 associated lipids, including 25 cardiolipins, which provides insight into protein-lipid interactions and their functional roles. The rotor-stator interface comprises four membrane-embedded horizontal helices, including a distinct subunit a. The dimer interface is formed entirely by phylum-specific components, and a peripherally associated subcomplex contributes to the membrane curvature. The central and peripheral stalks directly interact with each other. Last, the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) binds in a mode that is different from human, but conserved in Trypanosomatids. Every living thing uses the energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, as fuel. It is the universal molecular currency for transferring energy. Cells trade it, mitochondria make it, and the energy extracted from it is used to drive chemical reactions, transport molecules across cell membranes, energize nerve impulses and contract muscles. ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP molecules. It is a multi-part complex that straddles the inner membrane of mitochondria, the energy factories in cells. The enzyme complex interacts with fatty molecules in the mitochondrial inner membrane, creating a curvature that is required to produce ATP more efficiently. The mitochondrial ATP synthase has been studied in many different organisms, including yeast, algae, plants, pigs, cows and humans. These studies show that most of these ATP synthases are similar to each other, but obtaining a high resolution structure has been a challenge. Some single-cell organisms have unusual ATP synthases, which provide clues about how the enzyme evolved in pursuit of the most energy efficient arrangement. One such organism is the photosynthetic Euglena gracilis, which is closely related to the human parasites that cause sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. Now, Mü̈hleip et al. have extracted ATP synthase from E. gracilis and reconstructed its structure using electron cryo-microscopy. The high resolution of this reconstruction allowed for the first time to examine the fatty molecules associated with ATP synthase, called cardiolipins. This is important, because cardiolipins are thought to modulate the rotating motor of the enzyme and affect how the complex sits in the membrane. The analysis revealed that the ATP synthase in E. gracilis has 29 different protein subunits, 13 of which are only found in organisms of the same family. Some of the newly discovered subunits are glued together by fatty molecules and extend into the surrounding mitochondrial membrane. This distinctive structure suggests an adaptation which likely evolved independently in E. gracilis for efficiency. These results represent an important advance in the field, and provide direct evidence for the functional roles of cardiolipin. This information will be used to reconstruct the evolution of this mighty molecule and to further study the roles of cardiolipin in energy conversion. Moreover, the analysis identified similarities between the ATP synthase in E. gracilis and human parasites, which could provide new therapeutic targets in disease-causing parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mühleip
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah E McComas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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157
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Wang JJ, Peng YJ, Feng MG, Ying SH. Functional analysis of the mitochondrial gene mitofilin in the filamentous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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158
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Barros MH, McStay GP. Modular biogenesis of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:94-114. [PMID: 31669617 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function relies on the activity of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesise ATP and generate an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These coupled processes are mediated by five multi-subunit complexes that reside in this inner membrane. These complexes are the product of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene products. Defects in the function or assembly of these complexes can lead to mitochondrial diseases due to deficits in energy production and mitochondrial functions. Appropriate biogenesis and function are mediated by a complex number of assembly factors that promote maturation of specific complex subunits to form the active oxidative phosphorylation complex. The understanding of the biogenesis of each complex has been informed by studies in both simple eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human patients with mitochondrial diseases. These studies reveal each complex assembles through a pathway using specific subunits and assembly factors to form kinetically distinct but related assembly modules. The current understanding of these complexes has embraced the revolutions in genomics and proteomics to further our knowledge on the impact of mitochondrial biology in genetics, medicine, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gavin P McStay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
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159
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Mitochondrial Damage Mediated by miR-1 Overexpression in Cancer Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:938-953. [PMID: 31765945 PMCID: PMC6883328 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that cells rely on mitochondrial respiration for survival. However, the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on mitochondria of cells has not been extensively explored. Our results indicated that the overexpression of a miRNA (miR-1) could destroy mitochondria of cancer stem cells. miR-1 was downregulated in melanoma stem cells (MSCs) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) compared with cancer non-stem cells. However, the upregulation of miR-1 in cancer non-stem cells did not induce mitochondrial damage. miR-1 overexpression caused mitochondrial damage of cancer stem cells by directly targeting the 3′ UTRs of MINOS1 (mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1) and GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2) genes and interacting with LRPPRC (leucine-rich pentatricopeptide-repeat containing) protein, a protein localized in mitochondria. MINOS1, GPD2, and LRPPRC in mitochondria were required for mitochondrial inner membrane. The results of in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that miR-1 overexpression induced mitophagy of cancer stem cells. Therefore, our study contributed novel insights into the mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation of mitochondria morphology of cancer stem cells.
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160
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Kumar N, Dougherty JA, Manring HR, Elmadbouh I, Mergaye M, Czirok A, Greta Isai D, Belevych AE, Yu L, Janssen PML, Fadda P, Gyorke S, Ackermann MA, Angelos MG, Khan M. Assessment of temporal functional changes and miRNA profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13188. [PMID: 31515494 PMCID: PMC6742647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been developed for cardiac cell transplantation studies more than a decade ago. In order to establish the hiPSC-CM-based platform as an autologous source for cardiac repair and drug toxicity, it is vital to understand the functionality of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess functional physiology, ultrastructural morphology, gene expression, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling at Wk-1, Wk-2 & Wk-4 in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Functional assessment of hiPSC-CMs was determined by multielectrode array (MEA), Ca2+ cycling and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results demonstrated that Wk-4 cardiomyocytes showed enhanced synchronization and maturation as compared to Wk-1 & Wk-2. Furthermore, ultrastructural morphology of Wk-4 cardiomyocytes closely mimicked the non-failing (NF) adult human heart. Additionally, modulation of cardiac genes, cell cycle genes, and pluripotency markers were analyzed by real-time PCR and compared with NF human heart. Increasing expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes at Wk-4 supported the switching to lipid metabolism. Differential regulation of 12 miRNAs was observed in Wk-1 vs Wk-4 cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated that Wk-4 hiPSC-CMs showed improved functional, metabolic and ultrastructural maturation, which could play a crucial role in optimizing timing for cell transplantation studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie A Dougherty
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather R Manring
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ibrahim Elmadbouh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhamad Mergaye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dona Greta Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandor Gyorke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maegen A Ackermann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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161
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Abstract
Eukaryotic life has developed a fascinating and highly optimized system for energy transduction: the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Typically composed of five core protein complexes, we now learn from two studies that plant hemi-parasites of the type Viscum cope without Complex I, the entry point of the classical respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Westfälische Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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162
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de Moura Escobar SJ, Simone M, Martin N, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Martinez GR, Winnischofer SMB, Witting PK, Rocha MEM. Cytotoxic effects of 4'-hydroxychalcone on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104640. [PMID: 31493544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive form of cancer with high mortality. Hydroxychalcones have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. However, the effect of the 4'-hydroxychalcone on neuroblastoma cells is unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of 4HC to neuroblastoma and the importance of mitochondrial effects in its action mechanism using an in vitro model of SH-SY5Y cells. Incubation of cultured SHSY5Y cells with 10-60 μM 4HC (24 h) decreased cell confluency, cellular metabolic activity and depleted intracellular ATP relative to the vehicle-treated control. The mechanism of 4HC-induced cell toxicity likely involves mitochondria dysfunctional as judged by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential and intracellular and morphological alterations. Furthermore, loss of cell viability was accompanied mainly by increase of phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of cells, suggesting that the flavonoid may induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and induced significant changes in the cell cycle progression. Our results showed the effects of 4HC in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctional, depletion of intracellular ATP levels, ROS increase, alteration in cell cycle progression and cellular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Janaina de Moura Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Martin
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Kenneth Witting
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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163
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Kondadi AK, Anand R, Reichert AS. Functional Interplay between Cristae Biogenesis, Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial DNA Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174311. [PMID: 31484398 PMCID: PMC6747513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles involved in a plethora of cellular processes such as energy conversion, calcium homeostasis, heme biogenesis, regulation of apoptosis and ROS reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although they are frequently depicted as static bean-shaped structures, our view has markedly changed over the past few decades as many studies have revealed a remarkable dynamicity of mitochondrial shapes and sizes both at the cellular and intra-mitochondrial levels. Aberrant changes in mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure are associated with ageing and numerous human diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, various neurodegenerative diseases, types of neuro- and myopathies). Another unique feature of mitochondria is that they harbor their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA exists in several hundreds to thousands of copies per cell and is arranged and packaged in the mitochondrial matrix in structures termed mt-nucleoids. Many human diseases are mechanistically linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of the number and/or the integrity of mtDNA. In particular, several recent studies identified remarkable and partly unexpected links between mitochondrial structure, fusion and fission dynamics, and mtDNA. In this review, we will provide an overview about these recent insights and aim to clarify how mitochondrial dynamics, cristae ultrastructure and mtDNA structure influence each other and determine mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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164
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Hsu CH, Liou GG, Jiang YJ. Nicastrin Deficiency Induces Tyrosinase-Dependent Depigmentation and Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:404-414.e13. [PMID: 31437444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin depigmentation diseases, such as vitiligo, are pigmentation disorders that often destroy melanocytes. However, their pathological mechanisms remain unclear, and therefore, promising treatments or prevention has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a zebrafish insertional mutant showing a significant reduction of nicastrin transcript possesses melanosome maturation defect, Tyrosinase-dependent mitochondrial swelling, and melanophore cell death. The depigmentation phenotypes are proven to be a result of γ-secretase inactivation. Furthermore, live imaging demonstrates that macrophages are recruited to and can phagocytose melanophore debris. Thus, we characterize a potential zebrafish depigmentation disease model, a nicastrinhi1384 mutant, which can be used for further treatment or drug development of diseases related to skin depigmentation and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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165
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Nesci S, Pagliarani A. Emerging Roles for the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Supercomplexes. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:821-823. [PMID: 31402189 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As pointed out by Gu et al. (Science 2019) in mammalian mitochondria, the H-shaped tetrameric structure of the ATP synthase, the cell powerhouse, consists of two V-shaped dimers linked by two IF1 in antiparallel arrangement. This supramolecular structure reveals new functional/structural roles of the enzyme complex in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 - 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 - 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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166
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Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:139-153. [PMID: 31154010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy-producing organelles and cellular source of reactive species. They are responsible for managing cell life and death by a balanced homeostasis passing through a network of structures, regulated principally via fission and fusion. Herein we discuss about the most advanced findings considering mitochondria as dynamic biophysical systems playing compelling roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in both physiologic and pathologic processes controlling cell death and survival. Precisely, we focus on the mitochondrial commitment to the onset, maintenance and counteraction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells. In this context, looking for a pharmacological manipulation of cell death processes as a successful route for future targeted therapies, there is major biotechnological challenge in underlining the location, function and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial proteins. Based on the critical role of mitochondrial functions for cellular health, a better knowledge of the main molecular players in mitochondria disfunction could be decisive for the therapeutical control of degenerative diseases, including cancer.
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167
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Persistence of the permeability transition pore in human mitochondria devoid of an assembled ATP synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12816-12821. [PMID: 31213546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The opening of the permeability transition pore, a nonspecific channel in inner mitochondrial membranes, is triggered by an elevated total concentration of calcium ions in the mitochondrial matrix, leading to disruption of the inner membrane and necrotic cell death. Cyclosporin A inhibits pore opening by binding to cyclophilin D, which interacts with the pore. It has been proposed that the pore is associated with the ATP synthase complex. Previously, we confirmed an earlier observation that the pore survives in cells lacking membrane subunits ATP6 and ATP8 of ATP synthase, and in other cells lacking the enzyme's c8 rotor ring or, separately, its peripheral stalk subunits b and oligomycin sensitive conferral protein. Here, we investigated whether the pore is associated with the remaining membrane subunits of the enzyme. Individual deletion of subunits e, f, g, and 6.8-kDa proteolipid disrupts dimerization of the complex, and deletion of DAPIT (diabetes-associated protein in insulin sensitive tissue) possibly influences oligomerization of dimers, but removal of each subunit had no effect on the pore. Also, we removed together the enzyme's membrane bound c8 ring and the δ-subunit from the catalytic domain. The resulting cells assemble only a subcomplex derived from the peripheral stalk and membrane-associated proteins. Despite diminished levels of respiratory complexes, these cells generate a membrane potential to support uptake of calcium into the mitochondria, leading to pore opening, and retention of its characteristic properties. It is most unlikely that the ATP synthase, dimer or monomer, or any component, provides the permeability transition pore.
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168
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Baker N, Patel J, Khacho M. Linking mitochondrial dynamics, cristae remodeling and supercomplex formation: How mitochondrial structure can regulate bioenergetics. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:259-268. [PMID: 31207408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and fluid nature of mitochondria allows for modifications in mitochondrial shape, connectivity and cristae architecture. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features in the control of mitochondrial function. In the past few years, mitochondrial shape has emerged as a key regulatory factor in the determination of the bioenergetic capacity of cells. This is mostly due to the recent discoveries linking changes in cristae organization with supercomplex assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC), also defined as the formation of respirosomes. Here we will review the most current advances demonstrating the impact of mitochondrial dynamics and cristae shape on oxidative metabolism, respiratory efficiency, and redox state. Furthermore, we will discuss the implications of mitochondrial dynamics and supercomplex assembly under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeel Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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169
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Gu J, Zhang L, Zong S, Guo R, Liu T, Yi J, Wang P, Zhuo W, Yang M. Cryo-EM structure of the mammalian ATP synthase tetramer bound with inhibitory protein IF1. Science 2019; 364:1068-1075. [PMID: 31197009 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase produces most of the ATP required by mammalian cells. We isolated porcine tetrameric ATP synthase and solved its structure at 6.2-angstrom resolution using a single-particle cryo-electron microscopy method. Two classical V-shaped ATP synthase dimers lie antiparallel to each other to form an H-shaped ATP synthase tetramer, as viewed from the matrix. ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 (IF1) is a well-known in vivo inhibitor of mammalian ATP synthase at low pH. Two IF1 dimers link two ATP synthase dimers, which is consistent with the ATP synthase tetramer adopting an inhibited state. Within the tetramer, we refined structures of intact ATP synthase in two different rotational conformations at 3.34- and 3.45-Å resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Laixing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Runyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingbo Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- SUSTech Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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170
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Rybka V, Suzuki YJ, Gavrish AS, Dibrova VA, Gychka SG, Shults NV. Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Mitochondria in Aging Brain Synapses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060171. [PMID: 31212589 PMCID: PMC6616891 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is sensitive to aging-related morphological changes, where many neurodegenerative diseases manifest accompanied by a reduction in memory. The hippocampus is especially vulnerable to damage at an early stage of aging. The present transmission electron microscopy study examined the synapses and synaptic mitochondria of the CA1 region of the hippocampal layer in young-adult and old rats by means of a computer-assisted image analysis technique. Comparing young-adult (10 months of age) and old (22 months) male Fischer (CDF) rats, the total numerical density of synapses was significantly lower in aged rats than in the young adults. This age-related synaptic loss involved degenerative changes in the synaptic architectonic organization, including damage to mitochondria in both pre- and post-synaptic compartments. The number of asymmetric synapses with concave curvature decreased with age, while the number of asymmetric synapses with flat and convex curvatures increased. Old rats had a greater number of damaged mitochondria in their synapses, and most of this was type II and type III mitochondrial structural damage. These results demonstrate age-dependent changes in the morphology of synaptic mitochondria that may underlie declines in age-related synaptic function and may couple to age-dependent loss of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslava Rybka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Alexander S Gavrish
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Vyacheslav A Dibrova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Sergiy G Gychka
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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171
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Kucharczyk R, Dautant A, Gombeau K, Godard F, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, di Rago JP. The pathogenic MT-ATP6 m.8851T>C mutation prevents proton movements within the n-side hydrophilic cleft of the membrane domain of ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:562-572. [PMID: 31181185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dozens of pathogenic mutations have been localized in the mitochondrial gene (MT-ATP6) that encodes the subunit a of ATP synthase. The subunit a together with a ring of identical subunits c moves protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane coupled to rotation of the subunit c-ring and ATP synthesis. One of these mutations, m.8851T>C, has been associated with bilateral striatal lesions of childhood (BSLC), a group of rare neurological disorders characterized by symmetric degeneration of the corpus striatum. It converts a highly conserved tryptophan residue into arginine at position 109 of subunit a (aW109R). We previously showed that an equivalent thereof in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (aW126R) severely impairs by an unknown mechanism the functioning of ATP synthase without any visible assembly/stability defect. Herein we show that ATP synthase function was recovered to varying degree by replacing the mutant arginine residue 126 with methionine, lysine or glycine or by replacing with methionine an arginine residue present at position 169 of subunit a (aR169). In recently described atomic structures of yeast ATP synthase, aR169 is at the center of a hydrophilic cleft along which protons are transported from the subunit c-ring to the mitochondrial matrix, in the proximity of the two residues known from a long time to be essential to the activity of FO (aR176 and cE59). We provide evidence that the aW126R change is responsible for electrostatic and steric hindrance that enables aR169 to engage in a salt bridge with cE59. As a result, aR176 cannot interact properly with cE5 and ATP synthase fails to effectively move protons across the mitochondrial membrane. In addition to insight into the pathogenic mechanism induced by the m.8851T>C mutation, the present study brings interesting information about the role of specific residues of subunit a in the energy-transducing activity of ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alain Dautant
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - François Godard
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires of CNRS, Bordeaux University, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France.
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172
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Chaanine AH. Morphological Stages of Mitochondrial Vacuolar Degeneration in Phenylephrine-Stressed Cardiac Myocytes and in Animal Models and Human Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060239. [PMID: 31163678 PMCID: PMC6630802 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Derangements in mitochondrial integrity and function constitute an important pathophysiological feature in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) and play an important role in myocardial remodeling and systolic dysfunction. In systolic HF, we and others have shown an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics toward mitochondrial fission and fragmentation with evidence of mitophagy, mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration, and impairment in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. The morphological stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration have not been defined. We sought to elucidate the progressive stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration, which would serve as a measure to define, morphologically, the severity of mitochondrial damage. Materials and Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to study mitochondrial morphology and pathology in phenylephrine-stressed cardiac myocytes in vitro and in left ventricular myocardium from a rat model of pressure overload induced systolic dysfunction and from patients with systolic HF. Results: In phenylephrine-stressed cardiomyocytes for two hours, alterations in mitochondrial cristae morphology (Stage A) and loss and dissolution of mitochondrial cristae in one (Stage B) or multiple (early Stage B→C) mitochondrion area(s) were evident in the earliest stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration. Mitochondrial swelling and progressive dissolution of mitochondrial cristae (advanced Stage B→C), followed by complete loss and dissolution of mitochondrial cristae and permeabilization and destruction of inner mitochondrial membrane (Stage C) then outer mitochondrial membrane rupture (Stage D) constituted advanced stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration. Similar morphological changes in mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration were seen in vivo in animal models and in patients with systolic HF; where about 60-70% of the mitochondria are mainly observed in stages B→C and fewer in stages C and D. Conclusion: Mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration is a prominent mitochondrial morphological feature seen in HF. Defining the progressive stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration would serve as a measure to assess morphologically the severity of mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Division of cardiovascular diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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173
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Guo L, Carraro M, Carrer A, Minervini G, Urbani A, Masgras I, Tosatto SCE, Szabò I, Bernardi P, Lippe G. Arg-8 of yeast subunit e contributes to the stability of F-ATP synthase dimers and to the generation of the full-conductance mitochondrial megachannel. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10987-10997. [PMID: 31160339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is a complex molecular motor arranged in V-shaped dimers that is responsible for most cellular ATP synthesis in aerobic conditions. In the yeast F-ATP synthase, subunits e and g of the FO sector constitute a lateral domain, which is required for dimer stability and cristae formation. Here, by using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified Arg-8 of subunit e as a critical residue in mediating interactions between subunits e and g, most likely through an interaction with Glu-83 of subunit g. Consistent with this hypothesis, (i) the substitution of Arg-8 in subunit e (eArg-8) with Ala or Glu or of Glu-83 in subunit g (gGlu-83) with Ala or Lys destabilized the digitonin-extracted F-ATP synthase, resulting in decreased dimer formation as revealed by blue-native electrophoresis; and (ii) simultaneous substitution of eArg-8 with Glu and of gGlu-83 with Lys rescued digitonin-stable F-ATP synthase dimers. When tested in lipid bilayers for generation of Ca2+-dependent channels, WT dimers displayed the high-conductance channel activity expected for the mitochondrial megachannel/permeability transition pore, whereas dimers obtained at low digitonin concentrations from the Arg-8 variants displayed currents of strikingly small conductance. Remarkably, double replacement of eArg-8 with Glu and of gGlu-83 with Lys restored high-conductance channels indistinguishable from those seen in WT enzymes. These findings suggest that the interaction of subunit e with subunit g is important for generation of the full-conductance megachannel from F-ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvio C E Tosatto
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and; Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and.
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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174
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Yoon W, Hwang SH, Lee SH, Chung J. Drosophila ADCK1 is critical for maintaining mitochondrial structures and functions in the muscle. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008184. [PMID: 31125351 PMCID: PMC6553794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of AarF domain-containing kinase 1 (ADCK1) has not been thoroughly revealed. Here we identified that ADCK1 utilizes YME1-like 1 ATPase (YME1L1) to control optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and inner membrane mitochondrial protein (IMMT) in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure. We firstly observed that a serious developmental impairment occurred in Drosophila ADCK1 (dADCK1) deletion mutant, resulting in premature death before adulthood. By using temperature sensitive ubiquitously expression driver tub-Gal80ts/tub-Gal4 or muscle-specific expression driver mhc-Gal4, we observed severely defective locomotive activities and structural abnormality in the muscle along with increased mitochondrial fusion in the dADCK1 knockdown flies. Moreover, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production and survival rate along with increased ROS and apoptosis in the flies further demonstrated that the structural abnormalities of mitochondria induced by dADCK1 knockdown led to their functional abnormalities. Consistent with the ADCK1 loss-of-function data in Drosophila, ADCK1 over-expression induced mitochondrial fission and clustering in addition to destruction of the cristae structure in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Interestingly, knockdown of YME1L1 rescued the phenotypes of ADCK1 over-expression. Furthermore, genetic epistasis from fly genetics and mammalian cell biology experiments led us to discover the interactions among IMMT, OPA1 and ADCK1. Collectively, these results established a mitochondrial signaling pathway composed of ADCK1, YME1L1, OPA1 and IMMT, which has essential roles in maintaining mitochondrial morphologies and functions in the muscle. Mitochondria function as energy producing factories in the cell, and thus the malfunctioning of mitochondria becomes the causes of many diseases. Especially in muscles that continuously require a vast amount of energy, dysfunction of mitochondria leads to abnormalities in muscles. Mitochondria maintain their homeostasis and recover from stresses induced by external stimuli through a dynamic process of continuous fusion and fission. Moreover, they constantly produce ATP through their wrinkled internal structure, called the cristae. We discovered that ADCK1 is important in maintaining these mitochondrial functions. In the fruit fly model, a severe developmental anomaly was observed in ADCK1 mutant, and inhibition of ADCK1 expression led to defects in locomotive activity, along with abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and functions in muscles. Interestingly, these anomalies in mitochondria were due to OPA1 and IMMT proteins that exist downstream of ADCK1, regulated by ADCK1 through a protease called YME1L1. These results provide better molecular understanding on how mitochondria contribute to degenerative diseases in the muscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongchang Yoon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hong Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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175
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Assembly of the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation triggers the remodeling of cardiolipin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11235-11240. [PMID: 31110016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900890116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial phospholipid with a very specific and functionally important fatty acid composition, generated by tafazzin. However, in vitro tafazzin catalyzes a promiscuous acyl exchange that acquires specificity only in response to perturbations of the physical state of lipids. To identify the process that imposes acyl specificity onto CL remodeling in vivo, we analyzed a series of deletions and knockdowns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster, including carriers, membrane homeostasis proteins, fission-fusion proteins, cristae-shape controlling and MICOS proteins, and the complexes I-V. Among those, only the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) affected the CL composition. Rather than any specific complex, it was the global impairment of the OXPHOS system that altered CL and at the same time shortened its half-life. The knockdown of OXPHOS expression had the same effect on CL as the knockdown of tafazzin in Drosophila flight muscles, including a change in CL composition and the accumulation of monolyso-CL. Thus, the assembly of OXPHOS complexes induces CL remodeling, which, in turn, leads to CL stabilization. We hypothesize that protein crowding in the OXPHOS system imposes packing stress on the lipid bilayer, which is relieved by CL remodeling to form tightly packed lipid-protein complexes.
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176
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Callegari S, Müller T, Schulz C, Lenz C, Jans DC, Wissel M, Opazo F, Rizzoli SO, Jakobs S, Urlaub H, Rehling P, Deckers M. A MICOS-TIM22 Association Promotes Carrier Import into Human Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2835-2851. [PMID: 31103774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins with internal targeting signals are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex). For this, precursors have to be initially directed from the TOM complex in the outer mitochondrial membrane across the intermembrane space toward the TIM22 complex. How these two translocation processes are topologically coordinated is still unresolved. Using proteomic approaches, we find that the human TIM22 complex associates with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. This association does not appear to be conserved in yeast, whereby the yeast MICOS complex instead interacts with the presequence translocase. Using a yeast mic10Δ strain and a HEK293T MIC10 knockout cell line, we characterize the role of MICOS for protein import into the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. We find that a physiological cristae organization promotes efficient import via the presequence pathway in yeast, while in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is dispensable for protein import along the presequence pathway. However, in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is required for the efficient import of carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Our analyses suggest that in human mitochondria, positioning of the carrier translocase at the crista junction, and potentially in vicinity to the TOM complex, is required for efficient transport into the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Wissel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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177
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Mitochondrial F-ATP Synthase and Its Transition into an Energy-Dissipating Molecular Machine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8743257. [PMID: 31178976 PMCID: PMC6501240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8743257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is the principal energy-conserving nanomotor of cells that harnesses the proton motive force generated by the respiratory chain to make ATP from ADP and phosphate in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. In the energy-converting membranes, F-ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex organized into a membrane-extrinsic F1 sector and a membrane-intrinsic FO domain, linked by central and peripheral stalks. Due to its essential role in the cellular metabolism, malfunction of F-ATP synthase has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, and the enzyme is now considered as a promising drug target for multiple disease conditions and for the regulation of energy metabolism. We discuss structural and functional features of mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as well as several conditions that partially or fully inhibit the coupling between the F1 catalytic activities and the FO proton translocation, thus decreasing the cellular metabolic efficiency and transforming the enzyme into an energy-dissipating structure through molecular mechanisms that still remain to be defined.
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178
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Barca E, Ganetzky RD, Potluri P, Juanola-Falgarona M, Gai X, Li D, Jalas C, Hirsch Y, Emmanuele V, Tadesse S, Ziosi M, Akman HO, Chung WK, Tanji K, McCormick EM, Place E, Consugar M, Pierce EA, Hakonarson H, Wallace DC, Hirano M, Falk MJ. USMG5 Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutation impairs mitochondrial complex V dimerization and ATP synthesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3305-3312. [PMID: 29917077 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a frequent, heterogeneous pediatric presentation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disease, manifesting with psychomotor retardation and necrotizing lesions in brain deep gray matter. OXPHOS occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane through the integrated activity of five protein complexes, of which complex V (CV) functions in a dimeric form to directly generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mutations in several different structural CV subunits cause Leigh syndrome; however, dimerization defects have not been associated with human disease. We report four Leigh syndrome subjects from three unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish families harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.87 + 1G>C) in a novel CV subunit disease gene, USMG5. The Ashkenazi population allele frequency is 0.57%. This mutation produces two USMG5 transcripts, wild-type and lacking exon 3. Fibroblasts from two Leigh syndrome probands had reduced wild-type USMG5 mRNA expression and undetectable protein. The mutation did not alter monomeric CV expression, but reduced both CV dimer expression and ATP synthesis rate. Rescue with wild-type USMG5 cDNA in proband fibroblasts restored USMG5 protein, increased CV dimerization and enhanced ATP production rate. These data demonstrate that a recurrent USMG5 splice-site founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population causes autosomal recessive Leigh syndrome by reduction of CV dimerization and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marti Juanola-Falgarona
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, LA, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Place
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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179
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Abstract
F1Fo ATP synthases produce most of the ATP in the cell. F-type ATP synthases have been investigated for more than 50 years, but a full understanding of their molecular mechanisms has become possible only with the recent structures of complete, functionally competent complexes determined by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). High-resolution cryo-EM structures offer a wealth of unexpected new insights. The catalytic F1 head rotates with the central γ-subunit for the first part of each ATP-generating power stroke. Joint rotation is enabled by subunit δ/OSCP acting as a flexible hinge between F1 and the peripheral stalk. Subunit a conducts protons to and from the c-ring rotor through two conserved aqueous channels. The channels are separated by ∼6 Å in the hydrophobic core of Fo, resulting in a strong local field that generates torque to drive rotary catalysis in F1. The structure of the chloroplast F1Fo complex explains how ATPase activity is turned off at night by a redox switch. Structures of mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers indicate how they shape the inner membrane cristae. The new cryo-EM structures complete our picture of the ATP synthases and reveal the unique mechanism by which they transform an electrochemical membrane potential into biologically useful chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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180
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Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membrane curvature and self-assemble into rows. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4250-4255. [PMID: 30760595 PMCID: PMC6410833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816556116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP synthase in the inner membrane of mitochondria generates most of the ATP that enables higher organisms to live. The inner membrane forms deep invaginations called cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases are dimeric complexes of two identical monomers. It is known that the ATP synthase dimers form rows along the tightly curved cristae ridges. Computer simulations suggest that the dimer rows bend the membrane locally, but this has not been shown experimentally. In this study, we use electron cryotomography to provide experimental proof that ATP synthase dimers assemble spontaneously into rows upon membrane reconstitution, and that these rows bend the membrane. The assembly of ATP synthase dimers into rows is most likely the first step in the formation of mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases form dimers, which assemble into long ribbons at the rims of the inner membrane cristae. We reconstituted detergent-purified mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers from the green algae Polytomella sp. and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica into liposomes and examined them by electron cryotomography. Tomographic volumes revealed that ATP synthase dimers from both species self-assemble into rows and bend the lipid bilayer locally. The dimer rows and the induced degree of membrane curvature closely resemble those in the inner membrane cristae. Monomers of mitochondrial ATP synthase reconstituted into liposomes do not bend membrane visibly and do not form rows. No specific lipids or proteins other than ATP synthase dimers are required for row formation and membrane remodelling. Long rows of ATP synthase dimers are a conserved feature of mitochondrial inner membranes. They are required for cristae formation and a main factor in mitochondrial morphogenesis.
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181
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Guo H, Suzuki T, Rubinstein JL. Structure of a bacterial ATP synthase. eLife 2019; 8:43128. [PMID: 30724163 PMCID: PMC6377231 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively because they are the simplest form of the enzyme and because of the relative ease of genetic manipulation of these complexes. We expressed the Bacillus PS3 ATP synthase in Eschericia coli, purified it, and imaged it by cryo-EM, allowing us to build atomic models of the complex in three rotational states. The position of subunit ε shows how it is able to inhibit ATP hydrolysis while allowing ATP synthesis. The architecture of the membrane region shows how the simple bacterial ATP synthase is able to perform the same core functions as the equivalent, but more complicated, mitochondrial complex. The structures reveal the path of transmembrane proton translocation and provide a model for understanding decades of biochemical analysis interrogating the roles of specific residues in the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John L Rubinstein
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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182
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Myristoyl group-aided protein import into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1185. [PMID: 30718713 PMCID: PMC6362269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The MICOS complex mediates formation of the crista junctions in mitochondria. Here we analyzed the mitochondrial import pathways for the six yeast MICOS subunits as a step toward understanding of the assembly mechanisms of the MICOS complex. Mic10, Mic12, Mic26, Mic27, and Mic60 used the presequence pathway to reach the intermembrane space (IMS). In contrast, Mic19 took the TIM40/MIA pathway, through its CHCH domain, to reach the IMS. Unlike canonical TIM40/MIA substrates, presence of the N-terminal unfolded DUF domain impaired the import efficiency of Mic19, yet N-terminal myristoylation of Mic19 circumvented this effect. The myristoyl group of Mic19 binds to Tom20 of the TOM complex as well as the outer membrane, which may lead to “entropy pushing” of the DUF domain followed by the CHCH domain of Mic19 into the import channel, thereby achieving efficient import.
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183
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Functional role of PGAM5 multimeric assemblies and their polymerization into filaments. Nat Commun 2019; 10:531. [PMID: 30705304 PMCID: PMC6355839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PGAM5 is a mitochondrial protein phosphatase whose genetic ablation in mice results in mitochondria-related disorders, including neurodegeneration. Functions of PGAM5 include regulation of mitophagy, cell death, metabolism and aging. However, mechanisms regulating PGAM5 activation and signaling are poorly understood. Using electron cryo-microscopy, we show that PGAM5 forms dodecamers in solution. We also present a crystal structure of PGAM5 that reveals the determinants of dodecamer formation. Furthermore, we observe PGAM5 dodecamer assembly into filaments both in vitro and in cells. We find that PGAM5 oligomerization into a dodecamer is not only essential for catalytic activation, but this form also plays a structural role on mitochondrial membranes, which is independent of phosphatase activity. Together, these findings suggest that modulation of the oligomerization of PGAM5 may be a regulatory switch of potential therapeutic interest. PGAM5 is a mitochondrial protein phosphatase whose functions include regulation of mitophagy and cell death. Here, the authors use x-ray crystallography and EM to show that PGAM5 forms dodecameric rings and filaments in solution, and find that PGAM5 rings are essential for catalysis and for a structural effect PGAM5 has on mitochondrial membranes, independently of catalytic activity.
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184
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McManus MJ, Picard M, Chen HW, De Haas HJ, Potluri P, Leipzig J, Towheed A, Angelin A, Sengupta P, Morrow RM, Kauffman BA, Vermulst M, Narula J, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial DNA Variation Dictates Expressivity and Progression of Nuclear DNA Mutations Causing Cardiomyopathy. Cell Metab 2019; 29:78-90.e5. [PMID: 30174309 PMCID: PMC6717513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded mutations causing metabolic and degenerative diseases have highly variable expressivity. Patients sharing the homozygous mutation (c.523delC) in the adenine nucleotide translocator 1 gene (SLC25A4, ANT1) develop cardiomyopathy that varies from slowly progressive to fulminant. This variability correlates with the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineage. To confirm that mtDNA variants can modulate the expressivity of nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded diseases, we combined in mice the nDNA Slc25a4-/- null mutation with a homoplasmic mtDNA ND6P25L or COIV421A variant. The ND6P25L variant significantly increased the severity of cardiomyopathy while the COIV421A variant was phenotypically neutral. The adverse Slc25a4-/- and ND6P25L combination was associated with impaired mitochondrial complex I activity, increased oxidative damage, decreased l-Opa1, altered mitochondrial morphology, sensitization of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, augmented somatic mtDNA mutation levels, and shortened lifespan. The strikingly different phenotypic effects of these mild mtDNA variants demonstrate that mtDNA can be an important modulator of autosomal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McManus
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Hans J De Haas
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Jeremy Leipzig
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Atif Towheed
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Partho Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ryan M Morrow
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Brett A Kauffman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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185
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Bahaji A, Muñoz FJ, Seguí-Simarro JM, Camacho-Fernández C, Rivas-Sendra A, Parra-Vega V, Ovecka M, Li J, Sánchez-López ÁM, Almagro G, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Mitochondrial Zea mays Brittle1-1 Is a Major Determinant of the Metabolic Fate of Incoming Sucrose and Mitochondrial Function in Developing Maize Endosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:242. [PMID: 30915089 PMCID: PMC6423154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays Brittle1-1 (ZmBT1-1) is an essential component of the starch biosynthetic machinery in maize endosperms, enabling ADPglucose transport from cytosol to amyloplast in exchange for AMP or ADP. Although ZmBT1-1 has been long considered to be an amyloplast-specific marker, evidence has been provided that ZmBT1-1 is dually localized to plastids and mitochondria (Bahaji et al., 2011b). The mitochondrial localization of ZmBT1-1 suggested that this protein may have as-yet unidentified function(s). To understand the mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 function(s), we produced and characterized transgenic Zmbt1-1 plants expressing ZmBT1-1 delivered specifically to mitochondria. Metabolic and differential proteomic analyses showed down-regulation of sucrose synthase (SuSy)-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism, and up-regulation of the conversion of sucrose breakdown products generated by cell wall invertase (CWI) into ethanol and alanine, in Zmbt1-1 endosperms compared to wild-type. Electron microscopic analyses of Zmbt1-1 endosperm cells showed gross alterations in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Notably, the protein expression pattern, metabolic profile, and aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure of Zmbt1-1 endosperms were rescued by delivering ZmBT1-1 specifically to mitochondria. Results presented here provide evidence that the reduced starch content in Zmbt1-1 endosperms is at least partly due to (i) mitochondrial dysfunction, (ii) enhanced CWI-mediated channeling of sucrose into ethanol and alanine metabolism, and (iii) reduced SuSy-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism due to the lack of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1. Our results also strongly indicate that (a) mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 is an important determinant of the metabolic fate of sucrose entering the endosperm cells, and (b) plastidic ZmBT1-1 is not the sole ADPglucose transporter in maize endosperm amyloplasts. The possible involvement of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 in exchange between intramitochondrial AMP and cytosolic ADP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jose María Seguí-Simarro
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Camacho-Fernández
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Rivas-Sendra
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Parra-Vega
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miroslav Ovecka
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Pozueta-Romero
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186
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Masone D, Bustos DM. Transmembrane domain dimerization induces cholesterol rafts in curved lipid bilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:268-274. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Are the dimerization of transmembrane (TM) domains and the reorganization of the lipid bilayer two independent events?
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo)
- Mendoza
- Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería
| | - Diego M. Bustos
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo)
- Mendoza
- Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
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187
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Colina-Tenorio L, Miranda-Astudillo H, Dautant A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Giraud MF, González-Halphen D. Subunit Asa3 ensures the attachment of the peripheral stalk to the membrane sector of the dimeric ATP synthase of Polytomella sp. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:341-347. [PMID: 30585150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella exhibits a peripheral stalk and a dimerization domain built by the Asa subunits, unique to chlorophycean algae. The topology of these subunits has been extensively studied. Here we explored the interactions of subunit Asa3 using Far Western blotting and subcomplex reconstitution, and found it associates with Asa1 and Asa8. We also identified the novel interactions Asa1-Asa2 and Asa1-Asa7. In silico analyses of Asa3 revealed that it adopts a HEAT repeat-like structure that points to its location within the enzyme based on the available 3D-map of the algal ATP synthase. We suggest that subunit Asa3 is instrumental in securing the attachment of the peripheral stalk to the membrane sector, thus stabilizing the dimeric mitochondrial ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Alain Dautant
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France; Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France; Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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188
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De Col V, Petrussa E, Casolo V, Braidot E, Lippe G, Filippi A, Peresson C, Patui S, Bertolini A, Giorgio V, Checchetto V, Vianello A, Bernardi P, Zancani M. Properties of the Permeability Transition of Pea Stem Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1626. [PMID: 30524297 PMCID: PMC6262314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In striking analogy with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, etiolated pea stem mitochondria did not show appreciable Ca2+ uptake. Only treatment with the ionophore ETH129 (which allows electrophoretic Ca2+ equilibration) caused Ca2+ uptake followed by increased inner membrane permeability, membrane depolarization and Ca2+ release. Like the permeability transition (PT) of mammals, yeast and Drosophila, the PT of pea stem mitochondria was stimulated by diamide and phenylarsine oxide and inhibited by Mg-ADP and Mg-ATP, suggesting a common underlying mechanism; yet, the plant PT also displayed distinctive features: (i) as in mammals it was desensitized by cyclosporin A, which does not affect the PT of yeast and Drosophila; (ii) similarly to S. cerevisiae and Drosophila it was inhibited by Pi, which stimulates the PT of mammals; (iii) like in mammals and Drosophila it was sensitized by benzodiazepine 423, which is ineffective in S. cerevisiae; (iv) like what observed in Drosophila it did not mediate swelling and cytochrome c release, which is instead seen in mammals and S. cerevisiae. We find that cyclophilin D, the mitochondrial receptor for cyclosporin A, is present in pea stem mitochondria. These results indicate that the plant PT has unique features and suggest that, as in Drosophila, it may provide pea stem mitochondria with a Ca2+ release channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Col
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Peresson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Patui
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Vianello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zancani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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189
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Wang L, Yan Z, Vihinen H, Eriksson O, Wang W, Soliymani R, Lu Y, Xue Y, Jokitalo E, Li J, Zhao H. FAM92A1 is a BAR domain protein required for mitochondrial ultrastructure and function. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:97-111. [PMID: 30404948 PMCID: PMC6314547 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is closely linked to its dynamic membrane ultrastructure. The mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) can form extensive membrane invaginations known as cristae, which contain the respiratory chain and ATP synthase for oxidative phosphorylation. The molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial ultrastructure remain poorly understood. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins are central regulators of diverse cellular processes related to membrane remodeling and dynamics. Whether BAR domain proteins are involved in sculpting membranes in specific submitochondrial compartments is largely unknown. In this study, we report FAM92A1 as a novel BAR domain protein localizes to the matrix side of the MIM. Loss of FAM92A1 caused a severe disruption to mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure, impairing organelle bioenergetics. Furthermore, FAM92A1 displayed a membrane-remodeling activity in vitro, inducing a high degree of membrane curvature. Collectively, our findings uncover a role for a BAR domain protein as a critical organizer of the mitochondrial ultrastructure that is indispensable for mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Biochemistry/Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weihuan Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yao Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yaxin Xue
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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190
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Russo E, Nguyen H, Lippert T, Tuazon J, Borlongan CV, Napoli E. Mitochondrial targeting as a novel therapy for stroke. Brain Circ 2018; 4:84-94. [PMID: 30450413 PMCID: PMC6187947 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the increasing development of innovative treatments for stroke, most are unsuccessful in clinical trials. In recent years, an encouraging strategy for stroke therapy has been identified in stem cells transplantation. In particular, grafting cells and their secretion products are leading with functional recovery in stroke patients by promoting the growth and function of the neurovascular unit – a communication framework between neurons, their supply microvessels along with glial cells – underlying stroke pathology and recovery. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recently recognized as a hallmark in ischemia/reperfusion neural damage. Emerging evidence of mitochondria transfer from stem cells to ischemic-injured cells points to transfer of healthy mitochondria as a viable novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic diseases. Hence, a more in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial impairment may lead to new tools for stroke treatment. In this review, we focus on the current evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in stroke, investigating favorable approaches of healthy mitochondria transfer in ischemic neurons, and exploring the potential of mitochondria-based cellular therapy for clinical applications. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julian Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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191
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Salisbury-Ruf CT, Bertram CC, Vergeade A, Lark DS, Shi Q, Heberling ML, Fortune NL, Okoye GD, Jerome WG, Wells QS, Fessel J, Moslehi J, Chen H, Roberts LJ, Boutaud O, Gamazon ER, Zinkel SS. Bid maintains mitochondrial cristae structure and function and protects against cardiac disease in an integrative genomics study. eLife 2018; 7:40907. [PMID: 30281024 PMCID: PMC6234033 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins reorganize mitochondrial membranes during apoptosis, to form pores and rearrange cristae. In vitro and in vivo analysis integrated with human genetics reveals a novel homeostatic mitochondrial function for Bcl-2 family protein Bid. Loss of full-length Bid results in apoptosis-independent, irregular cristae with decreased respiration. Bid-/- mice display stress-induced myocardial dysfunction and damage. A gene-based approach applied to a biobank, validated in two independent GWAS studies, reveals that decreased genetically determined BID expression associates with myocardial infarction (MI) susceptibility. Patients in the bottom 5% of the expression distribution exhibit >4 fold increased MI risk. Carrier status with nonsynonymous variation in Bid’s membrane binding domain, BidM148T, associates with MI predisposition. Furthermore, Bid but not BidM148T associates with Mcl-1Matrix, previously implicated in cristae stability; decreased MCL-1 expression associates with MI. Our results identify a role for Bid in homeostatic mitochondrial cristae reorganization, that we link to human cardiac disease. Cells contain specialized structures called mitochondria, which help to convert fuel into energy. These tiny energy factories have a unique double membrane, with a smooth outer and a folded inner lining. The folds, called cristae, provide a scaffold for the molecular machinery that produces chemical energy that the cell can use. The cristae are dynamic, and can change shape, condensing to increase energy output. Mitochondria also play a role in cell death. In certain situations, cristae can widen and release the proteins held within their folds. This can trigger a program of self-destruction in the cell. A family of proteins called Bcl-2 control such a ‘programmed cell death’ through the release of mitochondrial proteins. Some family members, including a protein called Bid, can reorganize cristae to regulate this cell-death program. When cells die, Bid proteins that had been split move to the mitochondria. But, even when cells are healthy, Bid molecules that are intact are always there, suggesting that this form of the protein may have another purpose. To investigate this further, Salisbury-Ruf, Bertram et al. used mice with Bid, and mice that lacked the protein. Without Bid, cells – including heart cells – struggled to work properly and used less oxygen than their normal counterparts. A closer look using electron microscopy revealed abnormalities in the cristae. However, adding ‘intact’ Bid proteins back in to the deficient cells restored them to normal. Moreover, without Bid, the mice hearts were less able to respond to an increased demand for energy. This decreased their performance and caused the formation of scars in the heart muscle called fibrosis, similar to a pattern observed in human patients following a heart attack. DNA data from an electronic health record database revealed a link between low levels of Bid genes and heart attack in humans, which was confirmed in further studies. In addition, a specific mutation in the Bid gene was found to affect its ability to regulate the formation of proper cristae. Combining evidence from mice with human genetics revealed new information about heart diseases. Mitochondrial health may be affected by a combination of specific variations in genes and changes in the Bid protein, which could affect heart attack risk. Understanding more about this association could help to identify and potentially reduce certain risk factors for heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi T Salisbury-Ruf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Clinton C Bertram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Aurelia Vergeade
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Daniel S Lark
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Marlene L Heberling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Niki L Fortune
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - G Donald Okoye
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardio-oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Josh Fessel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardio-oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra S Zinkel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
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192
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Mendoza-Hoffmann F, Zarco-Zavala M, Ortega R, García-Trejo JJ. Control of rotation of the F1FO-ATP synthase nanomotor by an inhibitory α-helix from unfolded ε or intrinsically disordered ζ and IF1 proteins. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:403-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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193
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Blair KM, Mears KS, Taylor JA, Fero J, Jones LA, Gafken PR, Whitney JC, Salama NR. The Helicobacter pylori cell shape promoting protein Csd5 interacts with the cell wall, MurF, and the bacterial cytoskeleton. Mol Microbiol 2018; 110:114-127. [PMID: 30039535 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori can lead to the development of gastric ulcers and stomach cancers. The helical cell shape of H. pylori promotes stomach colonization. Screens for loss of helical shape have identified several periplasmic peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases and non-enzymatic putative scaffolding proteins, including Csd5. Both over and under expression of the PG hydrolases perturb helical shape, but the mechanism used to coordinate and localize their enzymatic activities is not known. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry we identified Csd5 interactions with cytosolic proteins CcmA, a bactofilin required for helical shape, and MurF, a PG precursor synthase, as well as the inner membrane spanning ATP synthase. A combination of Csd5 domain deletions, point mutations, and transmembrane domain chimeras revealed that the N-terminal transmembrane domain promotes MurF, CcmA, and ATP synthase interactions, while the C-terminal SH3 domain mediates PG binding. We conclude that Csd5 promotes helical shape as part of a membrane associated, multi-protein shape complex that includes interactions with the periplasmic cell wall, a PG precursor synthesis enzyme, the bacterial cytoskeleton, and ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M Blair
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Box 357275, Seattle, WA, 98195-7275, USA
| | - Kevin S Mears
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Taylor
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific St., HSB K-343, Box 357735, Seattle, WA, 98195-7735, USA
| | - Jutta Fero
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lisa A Jones
- Proteomics Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., DE-352, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Philip R Gafken
- Proteomics Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., DE-352, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - John C Whitney
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nina R Salama
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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194
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FUS interacts with ATP synthase beta subunit and induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response in cellular and animal models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9678-E9686. [PMID: 30249657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806655115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FUS (fused in sarcoma) proteinopathy is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the formation of inclusion bodies containing the FUS protein, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Previous studies show that mitochondrial damage is an important aspect of FUS proteinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FUS induces mitochondrial damage remain to be elucidated. Our biochemical and genetic experiments demonstrate that FUS interacts with the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATP5B), disrupts the formation of ATP synthase complexes, and inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthesis. FUS expression activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Importantly, down-regulating expression of ATP5B or UPRmt genes in FUS transgenic flies ameliorates neurodegenerative phenotypes. Our data show that mitochondrial impairment is a critical early event in FUS proteinopathy, and provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of FUS-induced neurodegeneration.
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195
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Colina-Tenorio L, Dautant A, Miranda-Astudillo H, Giraud MF, González-Halphen D. The Peripheral Stalk of Rotary ATPases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 30233414 PMCID: PMC6131620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotary ATPases are a family of enzymes that are thought of as molecular nanomotors and are classified in three types: F, A, and V-type ATPases. Two members (F and A-type) can synthesize and hydrolyze ATP, depending on the energetic needs of the cell, while the V-type enzyme exhibits only a hydrolytic activity. The overall architecture of all these enzymes is conserved and three main sectors are distinguished: a catalytic core, a rotor and a stator or peripheral stalk. The peripheral stalks of the A and V-types are highly conserved in both structure and function, however, the F-type peripheral stalks have divergent structures. Furthermore, the peripheral stalk has other roles beyond its stator function, as evidenced by several biochemical and recent structural studies. This review describes the information regarding the organization of the peripheral stalk components of F, A, and V-ATPases, highlighting the key differences between the studied enzymes, as well as the different processes in which the structure is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alain Dautant
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France.,Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France.,Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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196
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Bellomo F, Signorile A, Tamma G, Ranieri M, Emma F, De Rasmo D. Impact of atypical mitochondrial cyclic-AMP level in nephropathic cystinosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3411-3422. [PMID: 29549422 PMCID: PMC11105431 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis (NC) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CTNS gene encoding for cystinosin, a lysosomal transmembrane cystine/H+ symporter, which promotes the efflux of cystine from lysosomes to cytosol. NC is the most frequent cause of Fanconi syndrome (FS) in young children, the molecular basis of which is not well established. Proximal tubular cells have very high metabolic rate due to the active transport of many solutes. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial disorders are often characterized by FS. A similar mechanism may also apply to NC. Because cAMP has regulatory properties on mitochondrial function, we have analyzed cAMP levels and mitochondrial targets in CTNS-/- conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) carrying the classical homozygous 57-kb deletion (delCTNS-/-) or with compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations (mutCTNS-/-). Compared to wild-type cells, cystinotic cells had significantly lower mitochondrial cAMP levels (delCTNS-/- ciPTEC by 56% ± 10.5, P < 0.0001; mutCTNS-/- by 26% ± 4.3, P < 0.001), complex I and V activities, mitochondrial membrane potential, and SIRT3 protein levels, which were associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Reduction of complex I and V activities was associated with lower expression of part of their subunits. Treatment with the non-hydrolysable cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP restored mitochondrial potential and corrected mitochondria morphology. Treatment with cysteamine, which reduces the intra-lysosomal cystine, was able to restore mitochondrial cAMP levels, as well as most other abnormal mitochondrial findings. These observations were validated in CTNS-silenced HK-2 cells, indicating a pivotal role of mitochondrial cAMP in the proximal tubular dysfunction observed in NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellomo
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale di S. Paolo, 15, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale di S. Paolo, 15, 00149, Rome, Italy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
- Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy.
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197
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Siegmund SE, Grassucci R, Carter SD, Barca E, Farino ZJ, Juanola-Falgarona M, Zhang P, Tanji K, Hirano M, Schon EA, Frank J, Freyberg Z. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Mitochondrial Crista Ultrastructure in a Patient with Leigh Syndrome by In Situ Cryoelectron Tomography. iScience 2018; 6:83-91. [PMID: 30240627 PMCID: PMC6137323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases produce profound neurological dysfunction via mutations affecting mitochondrial energy production, including the relatively common Leigh syndrome (LS). We recently described an LS case caused by a pathogenic mutation in USMG5, encoding a small supernumerary subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein is integral for ATP synthase dimerization, and patient fibroblasts revealed an almost total loss of ATP synthase dimers. Here, we utilize in situ cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) in a clinical case-control study of mitochondrial disease to directly study mitochondria within cultured fibroblasts from a patient with LS and a healthy human control subject. Through tomographic analysis of patient and control mitochondria, we find that loss of ATP synthase dimerization due to the pathogenic mutation causes profound disturbances of mitochondrial crista ultrastructure. Overall, this work supports the crucial role of ATP synthase in regulating crista architecture in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Siegmund
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen D Carter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Peijun Zhang
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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198
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Quintana-Cabrera R, Quirin C, Glytsou C, Corrado M, Urbani A, Pellattiero A, Calvo E, Vázquez J, Enríquez JA, Gerle C, Soriano ME, Bernardi P, Scorrano L. The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3399. [PMID: 30143614 PMCID: PMC6109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which inhibits cristae remodeling, protects from mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we identify the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase as the effector of OPA1 in mitochondrial protection. In OPA1 overexpressing cells, the loss of proton electrochemical gradient caused by respiratory chain complex III inhibition is blunted and this protection is abolished by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Mechanistically, OPA1 and ATP synthase can interact, but recombinant OPA1 fails to promote oligomerization of purified ATP synthase reconstituted in liposomes, suggesting that OPA1 favors ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity by modulating cristae shape. When ATP synthase oligomers are genetically destabilized by silencing the key dimerization subunit e, OPA1 is no longer able to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability upon complex III inhibition. Thus, OPA1 protects mitochondria from respiratory chain inhibition by stabilizing cristae shape and favoring ATP synthase oligomerization. Mitochondrial cristae shape influences apoptosis and respiration. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 protects mitochondria from dysfunction by promoting ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Quirin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Christina Glytsou
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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199
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Characterization of Drosophila ATPsynC mutants as a new model of mitochondrial ATP synthase disorders. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201811. [PMID: 30096161 PMCID: PMC6086398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders associated with genetic defects of the ATP synthase are among the most deleterious diseases of the neuromuscular system that primarily manifest in newborns. Nevertheless, the number of established animal models for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind such pathologies is limited. In this paper, we target the Drosophila melanogaster gene encoding for the ATP synthase subunit c, ATPsynC, in order to create a fruit fly model for investigating defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics and to better understand the comprehensive pathological spectrum associated with mitochondrial ATP synthase dysfunctions. Using P-element and EMS mutagenesis, we isolated a set of mutations showing a wide range of effects, from larval lethality to complex pleiotropic phenotypes encompassing developmental delay, early adult lethality, hypoactivity, sterility, hypofertility, aberrant male courtship behavior, locomotor defects and aberrant gonadogenesis. ATPsynC mutations impair ATP synthesis and mitochondrial morphology, and represent a powerful toolkit for the screening of genetic modifiers that can lead to potential therapeutic solutions. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of ATPsynC mutations allowed us to better understand the genetics of the ATPsynC locus and to define three broad pathological consequences of mutations affecting the mitochondrial ATP synthase functionality in Drosophila: i) pre-adult lethality; ii) multi-trait pathology accompanied by early adult lethality; iii) multi-trait adult pathology. We finally predict plausible parallelisms with genetic defects of mitochondrial ATP synthase in humans.
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200
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Guo L, Carraro M, Sartori G, Minervini G, Eriksson O, Petronilli V, Bernardi P. Arginine 107 of yeast ATP synthase subunit g mediates sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition to phenylglyoxal. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14632-14645. [PMID: 30093404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification with arginine-specific glyoxals modulates the permeability transition (PT) of rat liver mitochondria, with inhibitory or inducing effects that depend on the net charge of the adduct(s). Here, we show that phenylglyoxal (PGO) affects the PT in a species-specific manner (inhibition in mouse and yeast, induction in human and Drosophila mitochondria). Following the hypotheses (i) that the effects are mediated by conserved arginine(s) and (ii) that the PT is mediated by the F-ATP synthase, we have narrowed the search to 60 arginines. Most of these residues are located in subunits α, β, γ, ϵ, a, and c and were excluded because PGO modification did not significantly affect enzyme catalysis. On the other hand, yeast mitochondria lacking subunit g or bearing a subunit g R107A mutation were totally resistant to PT inhibition by PGO. Thus, the effect of PGO on the PT is specifically mediated by Arg-107, the only subunit g arginine that has been conserved across species. These findings are evidence that the PT is mediated by F-ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Michela Carraro
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Geppo Sartori
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Ove Eriksson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
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