151
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Na J, Hwang HJ, Shin MS, Kang M, Lee J, Bang G, Kim YJ, Hwang YJ, Hwang KA, Park YH. Extract of radish (R. Sativus Linn) promotes anti-atherosclerotic effect using urine metabolomics in ApoE−/− mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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152
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Ferrari D, la Sala A, Milani D, Celeghini C, Casciano F. Purinergic Signaling in Controlling Macrophage and T Cell Functions During Atherosclerosis Development. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617804. [PMID: 33664731 PMCID: PMC7921745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a hardening and narrowing of arteries causing a reduction of blood flow. It is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries as it causes heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion (atheroma) relies on the accumulation of cholesterol-containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and on changes of artery endothelium that becomes adhesive for monocytes and lymphocytes. Immunomediated inflammatory response stimulated by lipoprotein oxidation, cytokine secretion and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, worsens the pathological context by amplifying tissue damage to the arterial lining and increasing flow-limiting stenosis. Formation of thrombi upon rupture of the endothelium and the fibrous cup may also occur, triggering thrombosis often threatening the patient’s life. Purinergic signaling, i.e., cell responses induced by stimulation of P2 and P1 membrane receptors for the extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP) and nucleosides (adenosine), has been implicated in modulating the immunological response in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review we will describe advancements in the understanding of purinergic modulation of the two main immune cells involved in atherogenesis, i.e., monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, highlighting modulation of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic mediated responses of purinergic signaling in these cells and providing new insights to point out their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea la Sala
- Certification Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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153
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Huang LY, Sun FR, Yin JJ, Ma YH, Li HQ, Zhong XL, Yu JT, Song JH, Tan L. Associations of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with intracranial artery stenosis and ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:56. [PMID: 33546646 PMCID: PMC7863476 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as an inflammatory marker. However, the associations of NLR with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of NLR with ICAS and ischemic stroke among a large and high-risk population. Methods Participants with records of clinical characteristics were prospectively recruited from the Neurology Department and Health & Physical Examination Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of NLR with ICAS and ischemic stroke. Moreover, we also conducted parametric mediation analysis to estimate the effect of NLR on the risk of ischemic stroke mediated through ICAS. Results A total of 2989 participants were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for covariates, NLR (OR = 1.125, 95%CI 1.070–1.183) and ICAS (OR = 1.638, 95%CI 1.364–1.967) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Compared with the first quartile NLR, the second, third and fourth quartiles NLR were independent risk predictors for ischemic stroke (P for trend < 0.001); the third and fourth quartiles were independent predictors for ICAS (P for trend < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that ICAS partially mediated the association between NLR and ischemic stroke, accounting for 14.4% of the total effect (P < 0.001). Conclusions NLR was significantly associated with ICAS and ischemic stroke. Besides, ICAS partially mediated the association between NLR and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fu-Rong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yin
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hiser Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Qi Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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154
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Niculet E, Chioncel V, Elisei AM, Miulescu M, Buzia OD, Nwabudike LC, Craescu M, Draganescu M, Bujoreanu F, Marinescu E, Arbune M, Radaschin DS, Bobeica C, Nechita A, Tatu AL. Multifactorial expression of IL-6 with update on COVID-19 and the therapeutic strategies of its blockade (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 33603870 PMCID: PMC7851683 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine produced by various cells of the human body (macrophages, lymphocytes, astrocytes, ischemic myocytes, endothelial cells) has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, being a key component in regulating various physiologic and pathological processes. The structure of this molecule and the receptor system it possesses are important due to the different activities that IL-6 can exert; through trans-signaling pro-inflammatory activities are mediated, while through classic signaling, IL-6 is responsible for anti-inflammatory and regenerative activities. IL-6 signaling is involved in coronary artery disease and the global COVID-19 pandemic. This proatherogenic cytokine reaches elevated serum levels in the cytokine storm generated by SARS-CoV-2, and is also associated with smoking or obesity-classic cardiovascular risk factors which promote inflammatory states. IL-6 levels are proportionally correlated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose dysregulation, and they are associated with poor outcomes in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. IL-6 targeting for treatment development (not only) in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 is still a matter of ongoing research, although tocilizumab has proven to be effective in reducing the proatherogenic effects of IL-6 and is suggested to improve COVID-19 patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Valentin Chioncel
- Cardio-Thoracic Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Cardiology Department, 'Bagdasar Arseni' Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina M Elisei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Olimpia D Buzia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Lawrence C Nwabudike
- Department of Diabetic Foot Care, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Miruna Draganescu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Florin Bujoreanu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Marinescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Manuela Arbune
- Centre of Medical-Pharmaceutical Research, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Diana Sabina Radaschin
- Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, 'Sf. Ioan' Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin L Tatu
- Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
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155
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Ertekin SS, Koku Aksu AE, Koçyiğit A, Güler EM, Baykara Ulusan M, Gürel MS. Carotid intima-media thickness and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in rosacea patients without cardiovascular risk factors. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14733. [PMID: 33389789 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence linking rosacea to various systemic disorders, even though data regarding the association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases are presently controversial. We sought to investigate the potential association of rosacea with subclinical atherosclerosis and serum proinflammatory/proatherogenic markers. This study included 44 patients with rosacea and 44 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Patients with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or a history of cardiovascular events were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assessed. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques were measured by carotid ultrasonography. Serum IL-1β (P < .001), IL-6 (P < .001), TNF-α (P < .001), and hs-CRP (P < .001) levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group. Mean CIMT values did not differ significantly between the patient group and control group (P > .05). Patients with moderate to severe rosacea had a significantly greater CIMT than those with mild rosacea (P = .047). Rosacea patients with eye involvement had a significantly greater CIMT than those without eye involvement (P = .008). There was no significant correlation between CIMT values and inflammation parameters. As conclusion, in the absence of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, rosacea does not seem to affect mean CIMT value. However, specific subgroups such as patients with moderate to severe disease or with eye involvement are associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis and may require additional attention for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyre Seda Ertekin
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Dermatology, Aksaray University, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Esra Koku Aksu
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Baykara Ulusan
- Department of Radiology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Gürel
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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156
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Oikonomou E, Theofilis P, Vogiatzi G, Lazaros G, Tsalamandris S, Mystakidi VC, Goliopoulou A, Anastasiou M, Fountoulakis P, Chasikidis C, Christoforatou E, Tousoulis D. The impact of sleeping duration on atherosclerosis in the community: insights from the Corinthia study. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1813-1819. [PMID: 33411185 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is an essential physiologic process whose disturbances have been regarded as a risk factor in various pathophysiologic processes, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Although the negative influence of short sleep duration has been well-established, recent data suggest a possible harmful effect of prolonged sleeping pattern. METHODS In the setting of the Corinthia cross-sectional study, self-reported night sleep duration was recorded in 1752 apparently healthy individuals and was classified as normal sleep duration (NSD, 7-8 h), short sleep duration (SSD, 6-7 h), very short sleep duration (VSSD, < 6 h), and long sleep duration (LSD, > 8 h). Carotid duplex ultrasonography was performed in order to measure the mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a non-invasive marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Subjects with LSD and VSSD had significantly higher mean cIMT (VSSD: 1.02 ± 0.45 mm, SSD: 0.95 ± 0.35, NSD: 0.96 ± 0.38 mm, LSD: 1.07 ± 0.52 mm; p < 0.001) and maximum cIMT (VSSD: 1.39 ± 0.9 mm, SSD: 1.25 ± 0.71 mm, NSD: 1.23 ± 0.76 mm, LSD: 1.41 ± 0.93 mm). Following a regression analysis adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, individuals with LSD and VSSD had higher mean cIMT by 0.054 mm and 0.067 mm respectively compared to those with NSD. CONCLUSION A balanced sleeping duration of 6-8 h is associated with decreased mean and maximum IMT while both very short sleep duration and long sleep duration are associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsalamandris
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chara Mystakidi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Anastasiou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Christoforatou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece
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157
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Olkowicz M, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Szupryczynska N, Kostogrys RB, Kochan Z, Debski J, Dadlez M, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT. Multi-omic signatures of atherogenic dyslipidaemia: pre-clinical target identification and validation in humans. J Transl Med 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33407555 PMCID: PMC7789501 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms that translate dyslipidaemia into atherogenesis and reliable markers of its progression are yet to be fully elucidated. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analysis in an experimental model of dyslipidaemia and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and immunoassays were used to find out blood alterations at metabolite and protein levels in dyslipidaemic ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice and in FH patients to evaluate their human relevance. RESULTS We identified 15 metabolites (inhibitors and substrates of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutamine, taurine), homocysteine, methionine, 1-methylnicotinamide, alanine and hydroxyproline) and 9 proteins (C-reactive protein, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, apolipoprotein C-III, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, angiotensinogen, paraoxonase-1, fetuin-B, vitamin K-dependent protein S and biglycan) that differentiated FH patients from healthy controls. Most of these changes were consistently found in dyslipidaemic mice and were further amplified if mice were fed an atherogenic (Western or low-carbohydrate, high-protein) diet. CONCLUSIONS The alterations highlighted the involvement of an immune-inflammatory response system, oxidative stress, hyper-coagulation and impairment in the vascular function/regenerative capacity in response to dyslipidaemia that may also be directly engaged in development of atherosclerosis. Our study further identified potential biomarkers for an increased risk of atherosclerosis that may aid in clinical diagnosis or in the personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Szupryczynska
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renata B Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kochan
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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158
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Miguel MG, da Silva CI, Farah L, Castro Braga F, Figueiredo AC. Effect of Essential Oils on the Release of TNF-α and CCL2 by LPS-Stimulated THP‑1 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E50. [PMID: 33379375 PMCID: PMC7824467 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants and their constituents have been used to treat diverse ailments since time immemorial. Many plants are used in diverse external and internal formulations (infusions, alcoholic extracts, essential oils (EOs), etc.) in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases, such as those affecting the respiratory tract or causing gastrointestinal or joint problems, among others. To support the traditional uses of plant extracts, EOs have been assessed for their alleged anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of EOs on the release of cytokines and chemokines has been much less reported. Considering their traditional use and commercial relevance in Portugal and Angola, this study evaluated the effect of EOs on the in vitro inhibition of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1 cells). Twenty EOs extracted from eighteen species from seven families, namely from Amaranthaceae (Dysphania ambrosioides), Apiaceae (Foeniculum vulgare), Asteraceae (Brachylaena huillensis, Solidago virgaurea), Euphorbiaceae (Spirostachys africana), Lamiaceae (Lavandula luisieri, Mentha cervina, Origanum majorana, Satureja montana, Thymbra capitata, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis subsp. zygis), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus viminalis) and Pinaceae (Pinus pinaster) were assayed for the release of CCL2 and TNF-α by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. B. huillensis, S. africana, S. montana, Th. mastichina and Th. vulgaris EOs showed toxicity to THP-1 cells, at the lowest concentration tested (10 μg/mL), using the tetrazolium dye assay. The most active EOs in reducing TNF-α release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells were those of T. capitata (51% inhibition at 20 μg/mL) and L. luisieri (15-23% inhibition at 30 μg/mL and 78-83% inhibition at 90 μg/mL). L. luisieri EO induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of CCL2 release by LPS‑stimulated THP-1 cells (23%, 54% and 82% inhibition at 10, 30 and 90 μg/mL, respectively). These EOs are potentially useful in the management of inflammatory diseases mediated by CCL2 and TNF‑α, such as atherosclerosis and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Carina Isabel da Silva
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Luana Farah
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; (L.F.); (F.C.B.)
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; (L.F.); (F.C.B.)
| | - Ana Cristina Figueiredo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), DBV, C2, Piso 1, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
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159
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu C, Liu J, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615503. [PMID: 33391033 PMCID: PMC7775482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Duraisamy P, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Livya CM, Manikandan B, Arunagirinathan K, Ramar M. Dynamic Role of Macrophage Sub Types for Development of Atherosclerosis and Potential Use of Herbal Immunomodulators as Imminent Therapeutic Strategy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2-12. [PMID: 33334298 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666201217163207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease is a global alarm causing mortality worldwide. Being a progressive disease in the arteries, it mainly causes recruitment of monocytes to the inflammatory sites and subside pathological conditions. Monocyte-derived macrophage mainly acts in foam cell formation by engorging the LDL molecules, oxidizes it into Ox-LDL and leads to plaque deposit development. Macrophages in general differentiate, proliferate and undergo apoptosis at the inflammatory site. Frequently two subtypes of macrophages M1 and M2 has to act crucially in balancing the micro-environmental conditions of endothelial cells in arteries. The productions of proinflammatory mediators like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α by M1 macrophage has atherogenic properties majorly produced during the early progression of atherosclerotic plaques. To counteract cytokine productions and M1-M2 balance, secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) from plants act as a therapeutic agent in alleviating atherosclerosis progression. This review summarizes the fundamental role of the macrophage in atherosclerotic lesion formation along with its plasticity characteristic as well as recent therapeutic strategies using herbal components and anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Catherene M Livya
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai - 600 015. India
| | | | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
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161
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Sen G, Gordon P, Sado DM. Cardiac manifestations of rheumatological disease: a synopsis for the cardiologist. Heart 2020; 107:1173-1181. [PMID: 33310886 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sen
- Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Sado
- Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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162
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Micucci M, Budriesi R, Aldini R, Fato R, Bergamini C, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Bolchi C, Chiarini A, Rizzardi N, Pallavicini M, Frosini M, Angeletti A. Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract cardiovascular effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2145-2156. [PMID: 33295076 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins may have a beneficial impact in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) and the efficacy of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract (ENC) on cardiac and vascular parameters. Rats were fed with regular diet, (RD, n = 15), HFD (n = 15), RD + ENC (20 mg/kg/day by gavage, n = 15), and HFD + ENC (same dose, n = 15) and the effects on body weight, biochemical serum parameters, and inflammatory cytokines determined. Cardiac functional parameters and aorta contractility were also assessed on isolated atria and aorta. Results showed that ENC reduced weight gain and serum lipids induced by HFD. In in vitro assays, HFD decreased the contraction force of left atrium, increased right atrium chronotropy, and decreased aorta K+ -induced contraction; ENC induced transient positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated atria from RD and HFD rats and a spasmolytic effect on aorta. In ex vivo experiments, ENC reverted inotropic and chronotropic changes induced by HFD and enhanced Nifedipine effect more on aorta than on heart. In conclusion, ENC restores metabolic dysfunction and cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptor function, and exerts spasmolytic effect on aorta in HFD rats, highlighting its potential as nutraceutical tool in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Specialistic, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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163
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Maniatis K, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Vavuranakis M, Zaromytidou M, Mourouzis K, Paraskevopoulos T, Charalambous G, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:523-530. [PMID: 31642412 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666191022095246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. RESULTS There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. CONCLUSION CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Maniatis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromytidou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Thodoros Paraskevopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambous
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Drakopoulou M, Soulaidopoulos S, Oikonomou G, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas K. Cardiovascular Effects of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:488-506. [PMID: 32056527 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200214115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and remains an underserved area of medical need. Although traditional risk factors for CV disease, such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), they are not enough on their own to explain the observed excess CV risk. Rather, systemic inflammation seems to play a pivotal role in both disease states. Considering the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases, scientific interest has focused on recently introduced biologic disease-modifying agents (bDMARDS) such as inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (ΤΝF-α), Interleukins -1 (IL-1) and -6 (IL-6). Despite the widespread use of bDMARDS in RA and other chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, their precise impact on CV disease and outcome remains to be elucidated, while prospective randomized control trials assessing their impact on hard CV endpoints are scarce. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the effect of bDMARDs on CV outcome and on the risk of developing CV disease in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drakopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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165
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Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles to target plaque inflammation for effective anti-atherosclerotic therapy. J Control Release 2020; 329:445-453. [PMID: 33285103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a kind of chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by dysfunction of local immune responses. Here we engineer platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) to load MCC950, an NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor, for atherosclerosis-targeted therapy. PEVs which are readily collected from the activated platelets selectively bind multiple cell types associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in vivo. Intravenous administration of MCC950-PEVs could significantly reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, lower the local inflammation and inhibit proliferation of macrophages and T cells at the plaque site compared with free drug administration in ApoE-KO mice. Our strategy suggests the promise of PEVs for targeted drug delivery for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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166
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Lebedeva A, Fitzgerald W, Molodtsov I, Shpektor A, Vasilieva E, Margolis L. Differential clusterization of soluble and extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21114. [PMID: 33273611 PMCID: PMC7713058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A proinflammatory dysregulation of cytokine release is associated with various diseases, in particular with those of infectious etiology, as well as with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We showed earlier that cytokines are released in two forms, soluble and in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we investigated the patterns of expression and clustering of soluble and EV-associated cytokines in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We collected plasma samples from 48 volunteers without CVD and 62 patients with STEMI, separated soluble and EV fractions, and analyzed them for 33 cytokines using a multiplexed bead-based assay. We identified soluble and EV-associated cytokines that are upregulated in STEMI and form correlative clusters. Several clustered soluble cytokines were expressed almost exclusively in patients with STEMI. EV-associated cytokines were largely not affected by STEMI, except for pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-18, and MIG, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-2 that were upregulated in a correlated fashion. Our results demonstrated that soluble cytokines in patients with STEMI are upregulated in a coordinated fashion in contrast to the mainly unaffected system of EV-associated cytokines. Identification of cytokine clusters affected differently by STEMI now permits investigation of their differential contributions to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section On Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Molodtsov
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow, Russia, 123098
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027.
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section On Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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167
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Ke LY, Law SH, Mishra VK, Parveen F, Chan HC, Lu YH, Chu CS. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Electronegative Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120550. [PMID: 33260304 PMCID: PMC7760527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism increases plasma levels of lipoproteins and triglycerides, resulting in vascular endothelial damage. Remarkably, the oxidation of lipid and lipoprotein particles generates electronegative lipoproteins that mediate cellular deterioration of atherosclerosis. In this review, we examined the core of atherosclerotic plaque, which is enriched by byproducts of lipid metabolism and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and electronegative subfraction of LDL (LDL(−)). We also summarized the chemical properties, receptors, and molecular mechanisms of LDL(−). In combination with other well-known markers of inflammation, namely metabolic diseases, we concluded that LDL(−) can be used as a novel prognostic tool for these lipid disorders. In addition, through understanding the underlying pathophysiological molecular routes for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, we may reassess current therapeutics and might gain a new direction to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly targeting LDL(−) clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Shi Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ye-Hsu Lu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-73121101 (ext. 2297); Fax: +886-73111996
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Rykowska I, Nowak I, Nowak R. Drug-Eluting Stents and Balloons-Materials, Structure Designs, and Coating Techniques: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E4624. [PMID: 33050663 PMCID: PMC7594099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery is a matter of interest to numerous scientists from various domains, as well as an essential issue for society as a whole. In the treatment of many diseases, it is crucial to control the dosing of a drug for a long time and thus maintain its optimal concentration in the tissue. Heart diseases are particularly important in this aspect. One such disease is an obstructive arterial disease affecting millions of people around the world. In recent years, stents and balloon catheters have reached a significant position in the treatment of this condition. Balloon catheters are also successfully used to manage tear ducts, paranasal sinuses, or salivary glands disorders. Modern technology is continually striving to improve the results of previous generations of stents and balloon catheters by refining their design, structure, and constituent materials. These advances result in the development of both successive models of drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-eluting balloons (DEB). This paper presents milestones in the development of DES and DEB, which are a significant option in the treatment of coronary artery diseases. This report reviews the works related to achievements in construction designs and materials, as well as preparation technologies, of DES and DEB. Special attention was paid to the polymeric biodegradable materials used in the production of the above-mentioned devices. Information was also collected on the various methods of producing drug release coatings and their effectiveness in releasing the active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - I. Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - R. Nowak
- Eye Department, J. Strus City Hospital, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland;
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Effects of Altered Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators on Locations of In-Stent Reocclusions in Elderly Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1719279. [PMID: 33029103 PMCID: PMC7530477 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1719279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators were involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study sought to investigate the effects of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators on the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions in elderly patients after coronary stent implantations. We measured the expression levels of proatherogenic inflammatory/antiatherogenic inflammatory cytokines. This included interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-37 (IL-37) in the elderly patients with the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions after coronary stent implantations. Levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and hs-CRP were remarkably increased (P < 0.001), and levels of IL-10, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-37 were remarkably lowered (P < 0.001) in the elderly patients with the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions. Imbalances of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators may be involved in the formation and progression of proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions in elderly patients after coronary stent implantations.
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170
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Assessment of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and coronary plaque characteristics by computed tomography in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:435. [PMID: 33028234 PMCID: PMC7542895 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the coronary plaque characteristics of coronary arteries using computed tomography angiography (CTA) in order to assess the risk of coronary artery disease and the relevance of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods The clinical data of 400 DM patients and 400 non-DM patients from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected, including the results of coronaryCTA. The plasma hs-CRP level of the two groups were divided into three groups: CRP ≤ 1, 1 < CRP ≤ 2, CRP > 2. The correlation of the degree of stenosis, the number of plaques, the nature of plaques and hs-CRP value between the two groups was evaluated. Results Compared with non-DM patients, the incidence of coronary artery plaques and lumen stenosis in DM patients was more higher than that in non-DM patients. DM patients were more likely to have more diseased vessels, especially diffuse vascular disease (12.00% vs 1.75%; P < 0.001). Subjects with high hs-CRP levels were more likely to have any plaque compared with individuals showing normal hs-CRP levels (p<0.01). There was no statistical significance in non calcified plaque with high level of hs-CRP, but the occurrence of plaque types in DM group was statistically significant compared with other hs-CRP levels in non DM group. Subjects with high hs-CRP were observed to be at increased risk for the presence of calcified plaque and severe narrowing in the unadjusted values. Conclusions Coronary CTA combined with hs-CRP can accurately detect the characteristics of coronary artery stenosis and plaque in DM patients, which has an important clinical value in the risk assessment of coronary heart disease in DM patients.
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Cho SMJ, Lee H, Shim JS, Kim HC. Sex-, Age-, and Metabolic Disorder-Dependent Distributions of Selected Inflammatory Biomarkers among Community-Dwelling Adults. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:711-725. [PMID: 32431105 PMCID: PMC7643601 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines are increasingly utilized to detect high-risk individuals for cardiometabolic diseases. However, with large population and assay methodological heterogeneity, no clear reference currently exists. METHODS Among participants of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort, of community-dwelling adults aged 30 to 64 without overt cardiovascular diseases, we presented distributions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and -β, interleukin (IL)-1α, -1β, and 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and -3 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with and without non-detectable (ND) measurements using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, we compared each markers by sex, age, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. RESULTS In general, there were inconsistencies in direction and magnitude of differences in distributions by sex, age, and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. Overall, the median and the 99th percentiles were higher in men than in women. Older participants had higher TNF-α, high sensitivity IL-6 (hsIL-6), MCP-1, hsCRP, TNF-β, and MCP-3 median, after excluding the NDs. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher median for all assayed biomarkers, except for TNF-β, IL-1α, and MCP-3, in which the medians for both groups were 0.00 due to predominant NDs. Compared to normotensive group, participants with hypertension had higher TNF-α, hsIL-6, MCP-1, and hsCRP median. When stratifying by dyslipidemia prevalence, the comparison varied significantly depending on the treatment of NDs. CONCLUSION Our findings provide sex-, age-, and disease-specific reference values to improve risk prediction and diagnostic performance for inflammatory diseases in both population- and clinic-based settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Jemma Cho
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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172
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Kim HY, Lee SJ, Hwang Y, Lee GH, Yoon CE, Kim HC, Yoo TH, Lee WW. Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Metabolic Alteration of Transcriptome Signatures in Monocytes of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100621. [PMID: 32998431 PMCID: PMC7601745 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, which is increasingly prevalent worldwide and is associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a major uremic toxin, plays a key role in the pathology of CVD via adverse effects in endothelial and immune cells. Thus, there is a need for a transcriptomic overview of IS responsive genes in immune cells of ESRD patients. Here, we investigated IS-mediated alterations in gene expression in monocytes from ESRD patients. Transcriptomic analysis of ESRD patient-derived monocytes and IS-stimulated monocytes from healthy controls was performed, followed by analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology (GO). We found that 148 upregulated and 139 downregulated genes were shared between ESRD patient-derived and IS-stimulated monocytes. Interaction network analysis using STRING and ClueGo suggests that mainly metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway, are modified by IS in ESRD patient-derived monocytes. These findings were confirmed in IS-stimulated monocytes by the increased mRNA expression of genes including G6PD, PGD, and TALDO1. Our data suggest that IS causes alteration of metabolic pathways in monocytes of ESRD patients and, thus, these altered genes may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (Y.H.); (C.E.Y.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.J.L.); (G.H.L.)
| | - Yuri Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (Y.H.); (C.E.Y.)
| | - Ga Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.J.L.); (G.H.L.)
| | - Chae Eun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (Y.H.); (C.E.Y.)
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (Y.H.); (C.E.Y.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.J.L.); (G.H.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8303; Fax: +82-2-743-0881
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173
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Wu H, Liu T, Hou H. Knockdown of LINC00657 inhibits ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by regulating miR-30c-5p/Wnt7b/β-catenin. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:145-155. [PMID: 32577947 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis, development, and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). The endothelial cell injury is a feature of AS. However, the role and mechanism of lncRNA LINC00657 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cell injury remain unclear. The serum samples were collected from 32 AS patients and normal volunteers. Ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used for the experiments in vitro. The levels of LINC00657, microRNA (miR)-30c-5p and Wnt family member 7B (Wnt7b) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. The expression levels of proteins in Wnt7b/β-catenin pathway or endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) were detected by western blot. The secretion of inflammatory cytokine was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and western blot. The target association of miR-30c-5p and LINC00657/Wnt7b was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. LINC00657 expression was increased in AS serum and ox-LDL-treated HUVEC cells. LINC00657 knockdown suppressed ox-LDL-induced Wnt7b/β-catenin activation, EndMT, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in HUVEC cells. MiR-30c-5p was bound to LINC00657 and it knockdown reversed the role of LINC00657 inhibition in ox-LDL-induced HUVEC cell injury. MiR-30c-5p targeted Wnt7b to inhibit ox-LDL-induced Wnt7b/β-catenin activation, EndMT, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in HUVEC cells. Silence of LINC00657 repressed ox-LDL-induced injury via inhibiting EndMT, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in HUVEC cells by regulating miR-30c-5p/Wnt7b/β-catenin, indicating a potential target for treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, No. 10, East Section of Fengcheng Third Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
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174
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Patrakka O, Pienimäki JP, Tuomisto S, Ollikainen J, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Martiskainen M. Oral Bacterial Signatures in Cerebral Thrombi of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Thrombectomy. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e012330. [PMID: 31117858 PMCID: PMC6585368 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic infections have been reported to be risk factors for both coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. DNA of oral bacteria, mainly from the viridans streptococci group, has been detected in coronary thrombus aspirates of myocardial infarction and cerebral aneurysms. Viridans streptococci are known to cause infective endocarditis and possess thrombogenic properties. We studied the presence of oral bacterial DNA in thrombus aspirates of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Methods and Results Thrombus aspirates and arterial blood were taken from 75 patients (69% men; mean age, 67 years) with acute ischemic stroke. The presence of Streptococcus species, mainly the Streptococcus mitis group, belonging to viridans streptococci as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in samples were determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and probes. The relative amount of bacterial DNA in a sample was determined with the comparative threshold cycle method. Bacterial DNA was detected in 84% (n=63) of aspired thrombi, and 16% (n=12) of samples were considered bacterial DNA negative. DNA of Streptococcus species, mainly the S mitis group, was found in 79% (n=59) of samples. The median relative amount of Streptococcus species DNA was 5.10‐fold higher compared with the control blood samples from the same patients. All thrombi were negative for both P gingivalis and A actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusions This is the first study showing the common presence of bacterial DNA from viridans streptococci in aspired thrombi of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Streptococcal bacteria, mostly of oral origin, may contribute to the progression and thrombotic events of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Patrakka
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories Tampere Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pienimäki
- 2 Division of Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Sari Tuomisto
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories Tampere Finland
| | - Jyrki Ollikainen
- 3 Department of Neurology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- 4 Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories Tampere Finland
| | - Mika Martiskainen
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories Tampere Finland.,5 National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
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175
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Li T, Safitri M, Zhang K, Wang Y, Huang L, Zhu Y, Daniel R, Wu LJ, Qiu J, Wang G. Downregulation of G3BP2 reduces atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 310:64-74. [PMID: 32919187 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is mainly caused by stress in arterial microenvironments, which results in the formation of stress granules as a consequence of the stress response. As the core protein of stress granules, GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 2 (G3BP2) is known to play pivotal roles in tumour initiation, viral infection and Alzheimer's disease, but the role of G3BP2 in atherosclerosis development is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that vaccination with epitopes from self-antigens could reduce atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated the effect of immunizing ApoE-/- mice with G3BP2 peptides, and whether this immunization exerted an anti-atherogenic effect. METHODS AND RESULTS In our study, ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Then, using a repetitive multiple site strategy, the mice were immunized with a Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) conjugated G3BP2 peptide for 2 weeks from weeks 16 to 18. High levels of G3BP2 antibodies were detectable before sacrifice. Histological analyses showed that the number of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice was significantly reduced following G3BP2 immunotherapy. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophages were also greatly decreased, while the collagen content of the plaques showed significant increase. Furthermore, knocking down G3BP2 in ApoE-/- mice reduced the number of lesions compared to ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks. In vitro studies demonstrated that G3BP2 regulated ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HUVECs via controlling the localization of IκBα. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with the G3BP2 peptide antigen or knocking down of G3BP2 significantly decreased early atherosclerotic plaques in the ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. G3BP2 is a promising potential target for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Maharani Safitri
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Richard Daniel
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Ling Juan Wu
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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176
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Oikonomou E, Leopoulou M, Theofilis P, Antonopoulos AS, Siasos G, Latsios G, Mystakidi VC, Antoniades C, Tousoulis D. A link between inflammation and thrombosis in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: Clinical and therapeutic implications. Atherosclerosis 2020; 309:16-26. [PMID: 32858395 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between thrombosis and acute coronary syndromes is well established. Inflammation and activation of innate and adaptive immunity are another important factor implicated in atherosclerosis. However, the exact interactions between thrombosis and inflammation in atherosclerosis are less well understood. Accumulating data suggest a firm interaction between these two key pathophysiologic processes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1, have been implicated in the thrombotic cascade following plaque rupture and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, cell adhesion molecules accelerate not only atheromatosis but also thrombosis formation while activated platelets are able to trigger leukocyte adhesion and accumulation. Additionally, tissue factor, thrombin, and activated coagulation factors induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin and C reactive protein, which may further induce von Willebrand factor secretion. Treatments targeting immune activation (i.e. interleukin-1 inhibitors, colchicine, statins, etc.) may also beneficially modulate platelet activation while common anti-thrombotic therapies appear to attenuate the inflammatory process. Taken together in the context of cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis and inflammation should be studied and managed as a common entity under the concept of thrombo-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianna Leopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Latsios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chara Mystakidi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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177
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A Novel Putative Role of TNK1 in Atherosclerotic Inflammation Implicating the Tyk2/STAT1 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6268514. [PMID: 32694928 PMCID: PMC7368939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6268514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is responsible for many clinical manifestations. The present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory functions and mechanisms of TNK1 in atherosclerosis. Methods The ApoE(-/-) mice and human carotid endarterectomy (CEA) atherosclerotic plaques were used to investigate the differential expression of TNK1. The ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or normal-fat diet (NFD) for 8 weeks; the aorta was separated and stained with oil red O to evaluate the formation of atherosclerosis. TNK1 in mice aorta was measured by qPCR. The human CEA were obtained and identified as ruptured and stable plaques. The level of TNK1 was measured by qPCR and Western-blot staining. Further studies were conducted in THP-1 cells to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of TNK1. We induced the formation of macrophages by incubating THP-1 cells with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Afterwards, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to stimulate the inflammation, and the secretion of inflammatory factors was measured by ELISA and qPCR. The levels of TNK1, total STAT1 and Tyk2, and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and Tyk2 were measured by western blot to uncover the mechanisms of TNK1. Results The oil red O staining indicated obvious deposition of lipid on the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice after 8-week HFD treatment. The TNK1 level was much higher in both the HFD-fed ApoE(-/-) mice aorta arch and the ruptured human CEA plaques. We found that TNK1 was highly expressed in THP-1 cells, compared to other atherosclerotic related cells (HUVEC, HBMEC, and HA-VSMC), indicating TNK1 might be involved in the inflammation. Suppressing the expression of TNK1 by shTNK1 inhibited the oxLDL-induced secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α. ShTNK1 also inhibited the uptake of lipid and decreased the cellular cholesterol content in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced phosphorylation of Tyk2 and STAT1. Conclusion TNK1 participated in the inflammation in atherosclerosis. shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced inflammation and lipid deposition in THP-1 cells. The mechanism might be related to the Tyk2/STAT signal pathway.
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MLKL Aggravates Ox-LDL-Induced Cell Pyroptosis via Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2020; 43:2222-2231. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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179
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Liang X, Wang L, Wang M, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang B, Liu E, Li G. MicroRNA-124 inhibits macrophage cell apoptosis via targeting p38/MAPK signaling pathway in atherosclerosis development. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13005-13022. [PMID: 32611832 PMCID: PMC7377888 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize the function of microRNA (miR)-124 in the process of coronary artery disease (CAD). Eighty patients, including 40 CAD patients and 40 non-CAD control patients were enrolled in this study. Atherosclerosis model was established in vivo in ApoE-/- mice and in vitro in RAW264.7 cells. Expression of miR-124 and p38 in patients, animal models and cell models were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. Overexpression or suppression of miR-124 was introduced in vitro and in vivo and the expression levels of p38, miR-124, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and pro- and anti-apoptotic factors were examined. Results showed that miR-124 was decreased, while p38 was increased in CAD patients and atherosclerosis models compared with control group. MiR-124 could target p38 by binding its 3’ untranslated region and negatively regulated the protein expression of p38. Overexpression of miR-124 increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited macrophage apoptosis. MiR-124 overexpression may be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis and CAD via inhibiting p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Baoshuai Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Enzhao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Expression of ectopic trypsin in atherosclerotic plaques and the effects of aprotinin on plaque stability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108460. [PMID: 32603715 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous research revealed that trypsin is abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and its distribution overlaps with that of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study was performed to explore the possible roles of trypsin in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rabbits were randomly assigned to a normal (control) group, an atherosclerosis (experimental) group and a trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin) group. In the 13th feeding week, the aprotinin group was treated with 5 mg/kg/day aprotinin via ear vein for 4 weeks. At the end of the 16th week, coronary arterial and aortic expression of trypsin, proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), activated MMP-9, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Aprotinin decreased trypsin expression and activation in plaques, blocked PAR-2 and MMP-9 activation, and decreased cytokine expression; it also increased fibrous cap thickness, decreased the intima-media thickness and intimal/medial ratio, thus significantly ameliorating plaque vulnerability. Upregulated trypsin, MMP-9 and PAR-2 were also found in coronary intimal atherosclerotic plaques of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic trypsin was significantly upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques, which increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by activating PAR-2 and promoted plaque instability by activating proMMP-9, thereby promoting atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. In addition, the high trypsin expression in human coronary intimal atherosclerotic plaques suggests that targeting trypsin may be a new strategy for acute coronary syndrome prevention.
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181
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Downey L, Afroz R, Wu Y, Ta HT, Xu S, Kamato D. The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:457-471. [PMID: 32566912 PMCID: PMC7296543 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are dominant components of the innate immune system. Activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, TLRs underpin the pathology of numerous inflammation related diseases that include not only immune diseases, but also cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and cancers. Growing evidence has demonstrated that TLRs are involved in multiple cardiovascular pathophysiologies, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Specifically, a trial called the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study showed the use of an antibody that neutralizes interleukin-1β, reduces the recurrence of cardiovascular events, demonstrating inflammation as a therapeutic target and also the research value of targeting the TLR system in CVD. In this review, we provide an update of the interplay between TLR signaling, inflammatory mediators, and atherothrombosis, with an aim to identify new therapeutic targets for atherothrombotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Peter J. Little
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen
University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510520, China
| | - Liam Downey
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rizwana Afroz
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen
University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510520, China
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182
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Li W, Li Y, Zhao Y, Ren L. The protective effects of aloperine against ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in HUVECs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:107-115. [PMID: 31852304 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular disease characterized by chronic endothelial inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Circulating ox-LDL is known to induce atherosclerosis by triggering oxidative stress, the expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, as well as downregulating the atheroprotective transcriptional factor KLF2. Aloperine is an alkaloid compound isolated from the plant Sophora alopecuroides. Here, we employed various experimental methods to determine the effects of aloperine on ox-LDL-induced markers of atherosclerosis. DHE staining revealed that aloperine may restore the oxidant/antioxidant balance in HUVECs by reducing the level of ROS and rescuing the reduction in NOQ-1 and GCLC induced by ox-LDL. Aloperine treatment reduced ox-LDL-induced expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin and rescued the reduction in KLF2. Aloperine also downregulated ox-LDL-induced expression of the LOX-1. We also demonstrate that aloperine improved cell viability and inhibited the adhesion of U937 monocytes to HUVECs. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects of aloperine are mediated through the rescue of KLF2 expression via suppression of the phosphorylation of p53 protein. Together, our results implicate the potential of aloperine as a safe and effective antiatherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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183
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Kefir peptides alleviate high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating macrophage accumulation and oxidative stress in ApoE knockout mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8802. [PMID: 32472055 PMCID: PMC7260220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the high morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic disease have been prevalent worldwide. High-fat food consumption has been suggested to be an overarching factor for atherosclerosis incidence. This study aims to investigate the effects of kefir peptides on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. 7-week old male ApoE−/− and normal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). Atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE−/− mice was established after fed the HFD for 12 weeks compared to standard chow diet (SCD)-fed C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− control groups. Kefir peptides oral administration significantly improved atherosclerotic lesion development by protecting against endothelial dysfunction, decreasing oxidative stress, reducing aortic lipid deposition, attenuating macrophage accumulation, and suppressing the inflammatory immune response compared with the HFD/ApoE−/− mock group. Moreover, the high dose of kefir peptides substantially inhibited aortic fibrosis and restored the fibrosis in the aorta root close to that observed in the C57BL/6 normal control group. Our findings show, for the first time, anti-atherosclerotic progression via kefir peptides consumption in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice. The profitable effects of kefir peptides provide new perspectives for its use as an anti-atherosclerotic agent in the preventive medicine.
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184
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Farhangi MA, Vajdi M. Novel findings of the association between gut microbiota–derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and inflammation: results from a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:2801-2823. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1770199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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185
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Kim S, Cho W, Kim I, Lee SH, Oh GT, Park YM. Oxidized LDL induces vimentin secretion by macrophages and contributes to atherosclerotic inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:973-983. [PMID: 32451671 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages show increased expression of vimentin, an intermediate filament protein. Macrophages secrete vimentin into extracellular space; however, the functions of extracellular vimentin and the process of vimentin secretion are not clearly defined. We found that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) via CD36 induced vimentin secretion in macrophages. We also revealed that extracellular vimentin induced macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines and augmented oxLDL-induced release of TNF-α and IL-6. Extracellular vimentin activated NF-κB signaling via phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and IκB kinase (p-IκK). Extracellular vimentin also amplified the oxLDL-induced p-IκK increase and IκB decrease. Vimentin-induced TNF-α release was not dependent on Dectin-1, which is known to bind vimentin. We measured serum vimentin concentrations and found that patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease had higher levels of serum vimentin than normal subjects. Circulating oxLDL and vimentin concentrations showed a high degree of correlation. In mouse experiments, vimentin concentration was higher in the sera of apoE null mice with western diet-induced atherosclerosis than in the sera of chow diet-fed apoE null mice without atherosclerosis. We concluded that vimentin is secreted by oxLDL/CD36 interaction in macrophages and extracellular vimentin promotes macrophage release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This may contribute to atherosclerotic inflammation and based on our analysis of serum vimentin, we suggest serum vimentin as a predictive marker for atherosclerosis. KEY MESSAGES: OxLDL via CD36 induces secretion of vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein in macrophages. Extracellular vimentin induces macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-α) and this process is mediated by activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and NF-ƙB signaling. Serum concentrations of vimentin in coronary artery disease patients are higher than that in control group. Vimentin concentration is strongly correlated with oxLDL concentration in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeoYeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyoung Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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186
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Hu B, Xu L, Li Y, Bai X, Xing M, Cao Q, Liang H, Song S, Ji A. A peptide inhibitor of macrophage migration in atherosclerosis purified from the leech Whitmania pigra. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112723. [PMID: 32119950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis has become a worldwide public health problem that seriously threatens human health. Leech is traditional Chinese medicine that can be utilized to treat cardiovascular disease. Based on the anti-atherosclerosis activity of leech hydrolysate, we separated and purified the leech peptide capable of inhibiting macrophage migration and studied the pathways of the anti-migration leech peptide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leech peptide capable of inhibiting macrophage migration that measured by cell migration assays from the leech Whitmania pigra was separated and purified by Q Sepharose FF strong alkaline anion exchange column chromatography, Superdex 30, Superdex peptide and G10 gel column chromatography. And the purity, molecular weight of the leech peptide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The pathways of anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide were studied by inhibitors, Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS We obtained a purified leech peptide with a sequence of EAGSAKELEGDPVAG from the leech Whitmania pigra. We also showed that the anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide was blocked by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor. Moreover, the result of RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that the leech peptide induced an increase in JNK, p38 phosphorylation and the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MEKK4) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 2 (ASK2). These data indicated that the anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide occurred through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. In addition, the results demonstrated that the leech peptide had no significant effect on the immunological activity of macrophages including phagocytic ability, lysozyme activity, and levels of expression of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION A sequence peptide was obtained from the hydrolysate of leech Whitmania pigra that inhibits macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Lixu Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xu Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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187
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Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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188
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Sheng S, Yang ZX, Xu FQ, Huang Y. Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of Synergistic Mechanism of Guanxin II Formula (II) for Coronary Heart Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:106-114. [PMID: 32388823 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacological mechanism of Guanxin II formula (II) for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A network pharmacology-based method was utilized. First candidate compounds, targets of GX II were collected using PharmMapper, BATMAN-TCM, DrugBank and SwissTargetPrediction, and targets on CHD were mined from GeneCards, DisGenet, DrugBank and GEO. Afterwards, the big hub compounds and targets were chosen in the candidate compounds-direct therapeutic targets on the CHD (C-T) network and the direct therapeutic targets on the CHD (T-D) network. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were performed to identify the enriched terms. Finally, a molecular docking simulation strategy was adopted to verify the binding capacity between the big hub compounds and big hub targets on CHD. RESULTS First, 114 candidate compounds were selected with the following criteria: OB⩾30%, DL⩾0.18, and HL ⩾4 h. Then, 1,035 targets of GX II were gathered, while 928 targets on CHD were collected. Afterwards, 196 common targets of compound targets and therapeutic targets on CHD were defined as direct therapeutic targets acting on CHD. In addition, the contribution index (CI) in the C-T network was calculated, and 4 centrality properties, including degree, betweenness, closeness and coreness, in the T-D network, 4 big hub compounds, and 6 big hub targets were eventually chosen. Furthermore, the GO and KEGG analysis indicated that GX II acted on CHD by regulating the reactive oxygen species metabolism, steroid metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The docking results manifested excellent binding capacity between the 4 big hub compounds and 6 big hub targets on CHD. CONCLUSION This network pharmacology-based exploration revealed that GX II might prevent and inhibit the primary pathological processes of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sheng
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Xu Yang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Feng-Qin Xu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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189
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Zhang D, Ding Y, Wang X, Xin W, Du W, Chen W, Zhang X, Li P. Effects of ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 gene variants on inflammation markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus treated with rosuvastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:939-946. [PMID: 32361904 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of angiogenesis and inflammation play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Rosuvastatin (RST) was widely used in atherosclerosis therapy. Genetic variations of transporters may affect the rosuvastatin concentration in plasma and reflect different clinical treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the drug transport related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on RST pharmacokinetic and the further on pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors. METHODS A total of 269 Chinese patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were enrolled. They were treated with RST to lower cholesterol. The plasma concentration of RST was determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes were genotyped using the Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing method. The serum concentrations of inflammation markers were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS ABCG2 421C > A (rs2231142) and SLCO1B1 521 T > C (rs4149056) variations were highly associated with plasma concentrations of RST (P < 0.01, FDR < 0.05). The serum MCP-1, sVCAM-1, and TNF-α levels were significantly different between the ABCG2 421C > A and SLCO1B1 521 T > C genetic variation groups (P < 0.01). RST concentration was negatively correlated with sVCAM-1 concentration (r = 0.150, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION ABCG2 421C > A (rs2231142) and SLCO1B1 521 T > C (rs4149056) genetic variants affect RST concentration significantly and potentially affect serum levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic markers. The effects on anti-inflammation might not be related to high plasma exposure of RST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yangming Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenyu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wenwen Du
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengmei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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190
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Prediction of the Network Pharmacology-Based Mechanism for Attenuation of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice by Panax notoginseng Saponins. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8574702. [PMID: 32382308 PMCID: PMC7193284 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8574702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice and illustrated the potential mechanism for a network pharmacology approach. Pharmacodynamics studies on ApoE-KO mice with atherosclerosis (AS) showed that PNS generated an obvious anti-AS action. Then, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying its anti-AS effect using the network pharmacology approach. The main chemical components and their targets of PNS were collected from TCMSP public database and SymMap. The STRING v11.0 was used to establish the protein-protein interactions of PNS. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology (GO) function and KEGG pathways were analyzed using STRING to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the anti-AS effect of PNS. The predicted results showed that 27 potential targets regulated by DSLHG were related to AS, including ACTA2, AKT1, BCL2, and BDNF. Mechanistically, the anti-AS effect of PNS was exerted by interfering with multiple signaling pathways, such as AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and TNF signaling pathway. Network analysis showed that PNS could generate the anti-AS action by affecting multiple targets and multiple pathways and provides a novel basis to clarify the mechanisms of anti-AS of PNS.
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191
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Lv L, Jianhua Z, Ting C, Wu Y. LncRNA SNHG1 regulates vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis via miR-196a. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:117-124. [PMID: 32297149 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are important protagonists in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, triggering effects throughout the atherosclerotic vessels due to the destruction in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. In this study, we found SNHG1 is upregulated in TNF-α-treated HUVECs. We silenced SNHG1 and found it inhibited vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In the other hand, exogenetic overexpression of SNHG1 promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Then we demonstrated that SNHG1 may interact directly with miR-196a to act as a miR-196a sponge. Further, MAPK6 were predicted to be the target of miR-196a. So we blocked miR-196a, which increased expression level of MAPK6, enhanced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. These data indicated that SNHG1/miR-196a/MAPK6 axis may take a part in autophagy regulation in TNF-α-treated HUVECs. The subsequent rescue experiments come to the results ascertained the specificity of SNHG1/miR-196a/MAPK6 axis in regulating MAPK6. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which SNHG1 overexpression protects the function of HUVECs, which may delay the progression of AS. SNHG1/miR-196a/MAPK6 axis may be of therapeutic significance in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxia Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhu Jianhua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Ting
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Number 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Lu G, Tian P, Zhu Y, Zuo X, Li X. LncRNA XIST knockdown ameliorates oxidative low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cells injury by targeting miR-204-5p/TLR4. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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195
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Mechanisms of Berberine for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3568756. [PMID: 32256641 PMCID: PMC7106879 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3568756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common metabolic disease characterized by lipid metabolic disorder. The processes of atherosclerosis include endothelial dysfunction, new endothelial layer formation, lipid sediment, foam cell formation, plaque formation, and plaque burst. Owing to the adverse effects of first-line medications, it is urgent to discover new medications to deal with atherosclerosis. Berberine is one of the most promising natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine. However, the panoramic mechanism of berberine against atherosclerosis has not been discovered clearly. In this study, we used network pharmacology to investigate the interaction between berberine and atherosclerosis. We identified potential targets related to berberine and atherosclerosis from several databases. A total of 31 and 331 putative targets for berberine and atherosclerosis were identified, respectively. Then, we constructed berberine and atherosclerosis targets with PPI data. Berberine targets network with PPI data had 3204 nodes and 79437 edges. Atherosclerosis targets network with PPI data had 5451 nodes and 130891 edges. Furthermore, we merged the two PPI networks and obtained the core PPI network from the merged PPI network. The core PPI network had 132 nodes and 3339 edges. At last, we performed functional enrichment analyses including GO and KEGG pathway analysis in David database. GO analysis indicated that the biological processes were correlated with G1/S transition of mitotic cells cycle. KEGG pathway analysis found that the pathways directly associated with berberine against atherosclerosis were cell cycle, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. After combining the results in context with the available treatments for atherosclerosis, we considered that berberine inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Our study provided a valid theoretical foundation for future research.
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196
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Effects of Colchicine on Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization: a Multimodality Imaging Study in an Animal Model. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:150-160. [PMID: 32140929 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine demonstrated clinical benefits in the treatment of stable coronary artery disease. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of colchicine on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization. Atherosclerosis was induced in the abdominal aorta of 20 rabbits with high-cholesterol diet and balloon endothelial denudation. Rabbits were randomized to receive either colchicine or placebo. All animals underwent MRI, 18F-FDG PET/CT, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and histology. Similar progression of atherosclerotic burden was observed in the two groups as relative increase of normalized wall index (NWI). Maximum 18F-FDG standardized uptake value (meanSUVmax) decreased after colchicine treatment, while it increased in the placebo group with a trend toward significance. Animals with higher levels of cholesterol showed significant differences in favor to colchicine group, both as NWI at the end of the protocol and as relative increase in meanSUVmax. Colchicine may stabilize atherosclerotic plaque by reducing inflammatory activity and plaque burden, without altering macrophage infiltration or plaque typology.
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197
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Fan Q, Liu Y, Rao J, Zhang Z, Xiao W, Zhu T, Chai X, Ye K, Ning N, Yin Z, Chai Y, Xu Y, Lan R, Verkhratsky A, Nie H. Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect of Angong Niuhuang Pill via Regulating Th17/Treg Immune Balance and Inhibiting Chronic Inflammatory on ApoE -/- Mice Model of Early and Mid-Term Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1584. [PMID: 32082145 PMCID: PMC7005527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) is a well-known patented Chinese medicine which is used for hundreds of years for treating the central nervous system diseases. Atherosclerosis is a poly-aetiological chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Preventing inflammation is fundamental for treating atherosclerosis in early stages. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of ANP action on a high-fat diet induced early and mid-term atherosclerosis ApoE-/- mice. The effects of ANP were compared with accepted drug simvastatin. Twelve male C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group, and 60 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups: Model group, Simvastatin group, Low-, Medium-, and High-dose ANP group these groups received, respectively, saline, simvastatin (3.0mg/kg), low-dose ANP (0.25 g/kg), medium-dose ANP (0.50 g/kg), and high-dose ANP (1.0 g/kg), once every other day for 10 weeks. After administration, serum biochemical indices were detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum were assayed by ELISA, expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9, CCL2, and its receptor CCR2 in the full-length aorta, and expression levels of transcription factors Foxp3, RORγt in the spleen were assayed via western blotting and RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze Th17 cells and Treg cells. Pathological and histological analysis was completed on aortic root. ANP decreased LDL/HDL ratio, concentrations of IL-6 while increased IL-10 in serum. Moreover, ANP down-regulated the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9, CCL2, and CCR2 receptor in the full-length aorta. In addition, ANP decreased Th17 cells and expression levels of transcription factor RORγt, increased Treg cells and expression levels of transcription factor Foxp3. ANP decreased content of collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aortic root. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ANP has anti-atherosclerosis effects on a high-fat diet induced ApoE-/- mice early and mid-term AS model via regulating Th17/Treg balance, inhibiting chronic inflammation, reducing plaque collagen fibers, and reducing inflammatory cells infiltration, to exert its multi-channel multi-target anti-early and mid-term AS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyu Rao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihe Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Ning
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yin
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Chai
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Lan
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of SCNU, Guangzhou, China
| | - A Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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198
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Tousoulis D, Fountoulakis P, Oikonomou E, Antoniades C, Siasos G, Tsalamandris S, Georgiopoulos G, Pallantza Z, Pavlou E, Milliou A, Assimakopoulos MN, Barmparesos N, Giannarakis I, Siamata P, Kaski JC. Acute exposure to diesel affects inflammation and vascular function. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1192-1200. [PMID: 34551088 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319898020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diesel exhaust fumes represent one of the most common toxic pollutants. The prolonged effects of acute exposure to this pollutant on inflammatory status and vascular properties are unknown.
Methods
During a 2-h session, 40 healthy subjects were exposed to diesel exhaust fumes and/or filtered air. Endothelial function was assessed with flow mediated dilation, arterial stiffness with pulse wave velocity and reflected waves with augmentation index. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, protein C levels and protein S activity were also measured. Standard deviation of normal to normal R–R intervals (SDNN) was used to assess heart rate variability. Measurements were assessed before exposure and 2 and 24 h after diesel exposure.
Results
Compared with filtered air, exposure to diesel exhaust fumes decreased flow mediated dilation and increased pulse wave velocity and augmentation index up to 24 h after the exposure (p < 0.001 for all). Similarly, compared with filtered air, diesel exhaust exposure impaired SDNN during the 24-h study period (p = 0.007). C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were significantly increased after diesel exhaust exposure while protein C levels and protein S activity decreased (p < 0.01 for all). Exposure to diesel exhaust fumes resulted in higher C-reactive protein concentration in smokers compared with non-smokers (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Short-term exposure to diesel exhaust fumes has a prolonged adverse impact on endothelial function and vascular wall properties, along with impaired heart rate variability, abnormal fibrinolytic activity and increased markers of inflammation. These findings give insights into the mechanisms underlining the increased cardiovascular risk of subjects regularly exposed to diesel exhaust fumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre of Research Excellence, British Heart Foundation, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, UK
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsalamandris
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Zoi Pallantza
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Efthimia Pavlou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Antigoni Milliou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Pinelopi Siamata
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Physics Department, Greece
| | - Juan C Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, UK
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Association between serum levels of Klotho and inflammatory cytokines in cardiovascular disease: a case-control study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1952-1964. [PMID: 31986490 PMCID: PMC7053623 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Decrease in soluble anti-aging Klotho protein levels is associated to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diverse studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between Klotho and inflammation, a risk factor for the development of CVD. In this work we aimed to evaluate the association between Klotho and inflammatory cytokines levels in the context of human CVD. The study included 110 patients with established CVD and preserved renal function, and a control group of 22 individuals without previous history of cardiovascular events. Serum Klotho and IL10 levels were significantly lower in the CVD group. Inflammatory status, marked by the TNFα/IL10 ratio and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, was significantly increased in the group of patients with established CVD. Soluble Klotho levels were directly correlated with eGFR (r=0.217) and IL10 (r=0.209) and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.261), CRP (r=-0.203), and TNFα/IL10 (r=-0.219). This association with TNFα/IL10 remained significant in age-matched subgroups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) constituted risk factors for the presence of CVD, while Klotho was a protective factor. In conclusion, in patients with established CVD, the reduction in soluble Klotho is associated with a pro-inflammatory status marked by lower IL10 concentrations and higher TNFα/IL10 ratio and CRP levels.
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200
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Zhang S, Song G, Yuan J, Qiao S, Xu S, Si Z, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang A. Circular RNA circ_0003204 inhibits proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cell in atherosclerosis via miR-370-3p/TGFβR2/phosph-SMAD3 axis. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:11. [PMID: 31900142 PMCID: PMC6941276 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are widely expressed in mammals and tissue-specific, of which some could act as critical regulators in the atherogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms by which circRNA regulates the ectopic phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) in atherosclerosis remain largely elusive. METHODS CCK-8, transwell, wound healing and Matrigel assays were used to assess cell viability, migration and tube formation. QRT-qPCR and Immunoblotting were used to examine targeted gene expression in different groups. The binding sites of miR-370-3p (miR-370) with TGFβR2 or hsa_circ_0003204 (circ_0003204) were predicted using a series of bioinformatic tools, and validated using dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The localization of circ_0003204 and miR-370 in ECs were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Gene function and pathways were enriched through Metascape and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The association of circ_0003204 and miR-370 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) with clinical characteristics of patients were investigated using multiple statistical analysis. RESULTS Circ_0003204, mainly located in the cytoplasm of human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs), was upregulated in the ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Functionally, the ectopic expression of circ_0003204 inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation of HAECs exposed to ox-LDL. Mechanically, circ_0003204 could promote protein expression of TGFβR2 and its downstream phosph-SMAD3 through sponging miR-370, and miR-370 targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TGFβR2. Furthermore, the expression of circ_0003204 in plasma EVs was upregulated in the patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, and represented a potential biomarker for diangnosis and prognosis of cerebrovascular atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0003204 could act as a novel stimulator for ectopic endothelial inactivation in atherosclerosis and a potential biomarker for cerebral atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Guixiang Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xuxu Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
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